Research-based Interventions for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder Mary E. McDonald, Ph.D., BCBA-D, LBA Hofstra University Research Interests Promoting Evidence-Based Interventions for Individuals with ASD
Increases in Social Initiation Toward an Adolescent with Autism: Reciprocity Effects.
Picture Exchange Communication System Using Fixed-Interval Based Prompting to Increase a Student’s Initiation of PECS.
Promoting Conversation in Students with ASD: Scripts and Semantic Mapping
Increasing Initiations in Students with ASD Sample Scripted Conversation
Reciprocity effects of Social Initiation in Students with ASD
Figure 1: Example of Semantic Map to describe a dog.
P1: I love dogs. P2: I love dogs too. P1: Do you have a dog? P2: Yes, Do you have a dog? P1: Yes. What’s your dog’s name? P2: My dog’s name is Sandy
Increasing Conversational Skills in Students with ASD Effects of The Picture Exchange Communication System on Behavior
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DOG Cat
Interested in Participating in Research? Some Ongoing Projects A Mentoring Model for Graduate Students Increasing Creativity and Flexibility in Students with ASD Joint Attention and the Importance of the Related Literature in Students with ASD.
Contact Information: Mary.E.McDonald@hofstra.edu
Effects of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) on Maladaptive Behavior in Children with ASD: A Review of the Literature
RESEARCH to PRACTICE What is Autism Spectrum Disorder? Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that affects communication and behavior. Although autism can be diagnosed at any age, it is said to be a “developmental disorder” because symptoms generally appear in the first two years of life. Autism spectrum disorder is diagnosed through the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual and Behavioral observation. People with ASD typically have: • difficulty with communication and social interaction • Restricted interests and repetitive behaviors Autism is known as a “spectrum” disorder because there is wide variation in the type and severity of symptoms people experience. ASD occurs in all ethnic, racial, and economic groups. Although ASD can be a lifelong disorder, treatments and services can improve a person’s symptoms and abilities.
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This paper provides an overview of the literature investigating the functional relationship between the use of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) and maladaptive behavior (i.e., aggression, tantrums) in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Digital searches were conducted to identify single subject design studies published between 1994 and 2012. While nine studies were identified, only three explicitly addressed the collateral effects of PECS training on reduction of maladaptive behavior. Of the seven participants across these three studies, four demonstrated an inverse relationship between PECS exchange and reduction of maladaptive behavior. Results are promising in terms of functional communication. However, the authors suggest caution due to limited number of publications to date.
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