《Greenpost 48期 2010春季號》Greenpeace 綠色和平｜香港辦公室

48 VOL.

2010 春季號 SPRING ISSUE

COVER STORY

盧廣：

「這就是中國 水污染！ 」 THE POWER OF THE LENS FEATURE STORY

後哥本哈根時代 Post Copenhagen: What Next?

©Greenpeace/Lu Guang

Vol 48 2010 春季號 Spring Issue

Vol 37 2007 春季號 Spring Issue 出版 PUBLISHER

綠色和平 Greenpeace China 地址 Address: 香港西環德輔道西 410 - 418 號 太平洋廣場 8 樓 8/F, Pacific Plaza, 410-418 Des Voeux Road West, Hong Kong 電話 Tel: 2854 8300 傳真 Fax: 2745 2426 網址 Website: www.greenpeace.org.cn 電郵 Email: greenpeace.china@ hk.greenpeace.org 總編輯 CHIEF EDITORS

黃嫣妍 Emmy Wong Dinah Ruth Gardner 設計及製作 DESIGN AND PRODUCTION

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宏亞印務有限公司 Asia One Printing Limited 歡迎您的意見！ 請來信或以電郵提出您的意見或 分享您的環保心得，來信請註明 姓名、電話、地址或電郵 WE WELCOME YOUR INPUT & COMMENTS! Share your views with us about our work or action you have taken for the planet. Please include your name, phone number, address and email address. 版權所有，未經許可，不得翻印 All rights reserved

去年12 月，我懷著興奮的心情迎接哥本哈根大會，原本 以為，自己將成為具有歷史意義的哥本哈根大會勝利 召開的見證者，也算是我在綠色和平氣候與能源領域工 作五年後事業上的一個小高峰。沒想到12 月寒冷的北歐 都市哥本哈根卻成了「氣候犯罪現場」，更令我產生一 個又一個的困惑。 Last December, I recalled the time when I had felt excited about the approach of the UN Copenhagen Climate Change Conference. I had mistakenly believed then that I would witness a historic occasion when the world’s governments put us on the path to stopping climate change. It would have been the peak of my five-year career in Greenpeace China’s climate and energy campaign. I never expected that the frigid northern European city of Copenhagen would instead turn into the scene of one of the biggest crimes against the climate. I am totally confused about that.

哥本哈根後遺症 CONFUSION OVER COPENHAGEN

大多數密切關注哥本哈根的人都得了後遺症，主要有兩 大症狀。第一症狀是困惑，不明白在哥本哈根到底發生 了什麼。一個同在哥本哈根的同事把她所親歷的大會最 後 48 小時寫成了一篇博客，在國內的網上閱讀量超過 100 萬。 （詳情瀏覽 icare.greenpeace.org.cn/viewnews-197）

Those of us who were following the negotiations closely were left totally confused. One of my colleagues who was also at Copenhagen wrote down her experiences about what happened in the last 48 hours of the summit and posted them on the Internet. That blog posting got more than one million hits on the mainland. You can read it (in Chinese only) at icare.greenpeace.org.cn/viewnews-197.

更令人困惑，當然是未來全球應對氣候變化的路要怎麼 走。依我看，國際層面的氣候談判還須推進，但同時也 要指出，國際協議不應該是各國採取積極的國內減排政 策的先決條件。2010 年是國內政策制定的關鍵一年， 下一個中國的五年計劃（2011~2015 年）將在這一年內 被確定。綠色和平將努力推動中國政府，在促進清潔能 源發展和限制煤炭使用方面推出更積極的政策。

In my opinion, the results of international efforts to stop climate change have so far been meagre at best. In China’s case, this year is crucial, because government officials will be drawing up the next Five Year Plan (2011-2015). Greenpeace China will try hard to lobby the government to accelerate the adoption of clean renewable energy, and to establish policies that move the country away from polluting coal-fired energy.

第二症狀是沮喪，辛苦工作幾年，眼看就要到手的全球 協議就這麼陰差陽錯的沒有了。但再想想，幾年下來， 我們也並非兩手空空，全球氣候運動已成型！綠色和平 參與支持的「Tck Tck Tck」聯盟（www.tcktcktck.org）已 成為有超過 1 億人簽名支援的全球網路。各國民眾的決 心，似乎體現了人民對改善氣候變化的要求，並不會因 為哥本哈根的結束而停止。

While there is certainly some despair over the fact we did not get a fair and effective treaty at Copenhagen, the years of campaigning to stop climate change have not been wasted. The movement has grown to such an extent that the Tck Tck Tck alliance – of which Greenpeace is a part – has amassed more than 100 million online supporters.

本刊使用 100% 再造紙及 大豆油墨印刷 Printed on 100% recycled paper using soy ink

全賴會員的支持，我們才有機會前往哥本哈根大會進行 觀察，2010 年，我們必定會繼續加把勁，讓綠色和平 及支持者的聲音走入每一個會議。

閱後請把季刊送贈朋友 Share this newsletter with your friends

楊愛倫

Finally, I wish to say a big “thank you” to you, our supporters. Without your help we would never have had the chance to go to Copenhagen and act as observers.

This year, with your ongoing support, we will continue to fight for the climate. Wish us success.

YANG AILUN

氣候與能源項目經理

Climate and Energy Campaign Manager

03

綠色視野

我們可以改變政治 WE CAN CHANGE POLITICS

不知不覺已經踏入 2010 年，很高興在新一年的 Green Post 跟大家見面。回顧 2009 年，焦點必定放在哥本哈根氣候 變化大會上，但你亦應該知道，大會最後以失敗告終。與會政府錯失良機，最後只產生了一份沒有法律效力的 《哥本哈根協議》。哥本哈根會議雖然終結，但綠色和平的工作還未有完結......

A new year is upon us, almost before we realise it. I am very happy to be writing this letter to you in the first issue of Green Post in 2010. Looking back at 2009, it’s inevitable that we will focus on the UN Copenhagen Climate Change Conference, and the fact that this most precious chance to stop climate change ultimately failed. The governments who took part let a crucial opportunity to save the planet slip through their fingers. What we got in the end was a document that is not legally-binding entitled “The Copenhagen Accord.” Copenhagen is over, but we are not done yet...

協議雖然表示要將全球氣溫升幅控制在 2 度以內，但根據各國至今的 減排承諾，地球的氣溫將上升 3 度甚至 4 度以上，人類將面臨氣候失 控的災難性後果。 自去年年初，綠色和平在香港、中國大陸和世界各地發起了連串列 動，呼籲各國首腦出席哥本哈根大會，以達成一份強而有力的協定。 全球數以百萬計的人參與了綠色和平的網上行動。最後，超過120 名 國家首腦出席了會議，不少更在哥本哈根逗留了三、四天，深入地參 與了談判。此等架勢在聯合國的會議中可謂空前。遺憾的是，他們無 法超越短視的政治利益和分歧，與千載難遇的機會擦身而過。

綠色和平已經整裝待發。拯救氣候是我們這一代人當仁不讓的歷史任 務，其成敗將決定人類與地球的未來。讓我們在二、三十年後，可以 自豪地告訴下一代一個完滿的故事：我們錯過了哥本哈根，卻取得了 最後的成功，因為我們沒有放棄！

施鵬翔 綠色和平項目總監

While some may be disheartened by the summit’s failure, we simply cannot give up that easily. Climate change is the crisis of our century.

As the Greenpeace Executive Director Kumi Naidoo said: “We cannot change the scientific reality, but we can change politics. Stopping climate change will not be easy, but we can, we must, succeed.”

Greenpeace is now gearing up to fight the next battle. Climate change is our generation’s crisis, and it is our generation’s mission to solve it.

The planet’s future rests squarely on our shoulders. Copenhagen may have ended in failure, but we have not given up on our belief that we will succeed in the end. Stay with us.

We hope you will enjoy this edition of Green Post, and we hope you are as excited as we are about continuing the battle for China’s environment together in 2010.

SZE PANG CHEUNG Greenpeace China Campaign Director

SPRING ISSUE 10

我們前往哥本哈根工作的同事，會在專題故事中跟大家有更多的分 享，希望你會喜歡今期的內容，也衷心希望在 2010 年繼續得到你的 支持。

Since the start of last year, Greenpeace campaigned tirelessly in Hong Kong, on the mainland, and around the globe. We called on heads of state to attend the Copenhagen summit, and pushed them to hammer out a strong and fair deal that would stop climate change. Millions of people worldwide signed up to Greenpeace online climate campaigns.

And, in the end, more than 120 heads of state attended the summit.

GREENPOST

哥本哈根的失敗讓一些人心灰意冷。但是，面對氣候變化這場世紀危 機，我們不可以輕言放棄。正如綠色和平國際總幹事所說，我們不能 夠改變科學事實，卻可以改變政治。應對氣候變化的路上充滿荊棘， 但並非不可超越。

Even though this agreement puts in writing the need to keep the mean global temperature rise from pre-industrial levels to below 2 degrees C., if you look at every country’s pledged emission (or emission-growth) cuts, there is no way this target can be reached.

Even if these countries meet their promises, the mean global temperature is set to rise by at least 3 degrees C., and maybe by as much as 4 degrees C. Whichever way you look at it, the Copenhagen climate summit has left the human race facing the very real threat of catastrophic climate change.

04

專題故事

去年12 月，綠色和平氣候項目的同事古偉牧（阿木），以及綠色和 平氣候英雄─理大學生Natalie，2 個香港人 4 條腿 1 條心，終於到 達冰天雪地的哥本哈根，參與叫全世界人民引頸以待的氣候會議。 他們聯同幾百個來自各地綠色和平的義工及成員，一邊密切監察會 議進度，一邊將群眾意願帶到場內。雖然會議最後並未取得任何實 質的成果，但看到各地民眾一同為氣候問題努力，似乎扭轉氣候危 機，亦非遙不可及。 兩個星期會期內的見聞，阿木為你一一紀錄。

尋找哥本哈根的故事 7-8 Dec

會議 第1、2日

你好！哥本哈根~ 初到哥本哈根，就發現機場已有不少大會義工，提供各類的協助，包 括解答剛抵步的傳媒，以及我們這些訪客的各類難題。下機後亦立即 就見到綠色和平與氣候聯盟 Tck Tck Tck設計的一系列廣告，加上其他 不同團體、企業都在機場大肆賣廣告。絕對體驗到哥本哈根氣候熱 潮，無處不在。我們到達會場後，立即整合了過去一年來在香港及北 京街頭收集到的簽名及對氣候變化的訴求，希望領導者會看得見！

10 Dec

會議傳出所謂的「丹麥文案」，有 傳主辦國丹麥提出偏袒於發達地區

累積在空氣中的不滿 會議 第4日

的協定文本，引來包括太平洋島國 及非洲等最受氣候變化影響的地區 非常不滿，不惜提出中止會議作為 抗議的方法，令民間開始意識到談 判醜陋的一面。

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11-12 Dec

會議 第5、6日

起來行動！ 12 月 12 日是全球行動日，我們決定趕製巨型中文橫額，並以儒家治世 之道「修身齊家治國救氣候」勸諫全球元首。 哥本哈根的人口不過150 萬人，全球行動日中就有10 萬人齊集國會廣場 遊行至會場，我們在國際總幹事庫米•奈都博士帶領下，與來自 32 個國 家地區的成員，抬著示威牌走了 4 小時，由市中心一直走到會場，要求

SPRING ISSUE 10

全球元首達成具法律效力的協定。對於 3 名來自中國內地的 80 後義工， 這是他們人生第一次上街，他們對遊行都特別緊張。遊行途中，更有不 少西方記者主動採訪他們，由此可見中國在氣候變化上的重要性。

05

會議 第9日

激戰連場

專題故事

15 Dec

哈根直接會面，最終得知可與邱於 當地會面。 最後卻發現，會面的場合只是一個

今日開始，各國元首陸續抵達出席

貿易講座，邱騰華只安排包括綠色

會議，不同國家代表持續舉行多邊

和平在內的多個香港民間團體集體

或者雙邊會議，綠色和平的同事李

列席旁聽。Natalie 爭取機會向邱

雁和愛倫於會場內擔起監察會議進

騰華問及香港會否有減排目標時，

程的重責。此責不單重要，更是沉

邱騰華只覆述香港主要的溫室氣體

重，因為連日來會議都並無喜訊，

排放源來自生產與使用能源，加上

只有連場乏善足陳的談判，這批成

香港面積細小，兼屬中國一部份，

員都必須非常樂觀、沉著。

毋須跟隨京都議定書減排。

另一方面，Natalie 於前往哥本哈根

聯合國氣候會議當前，局長的表現

前，不斷發電郵邀請邱騰華在哥本

仍然如此敷衍，令人憤怒！

會議 第10日

16 Dec

17 Dec

保安升溫

會議僵局

會議 第11日

談判依然陷於僵局的一天！發達地區仍然拒絕承諾一個有效控制氣候變化的 減排目標。只有挪威和蘇格蘭政府願意按科學要求，分別減排40%及42%， 其他大部份發展地區的政府代表只願意籌組一個基金協助發展中地區適應氣 候變化。 但在此僵局中，全球元首卻選擇花時間在丹麥皇室舉行之國宴上。期間綠色 和平的成員混入會場，展示橫額要求各國不要再紙上談兵，而是立即行動。

隨著各國元首陸續抵達，會場內發達國家與發 展中國家的討論日趨激烈，主持會議的主席 Connie Hedegaard 更宣佈辭職，由丹麥首相補

會議 第12/13日

18-19 Dec 仍未解決......

上；會場外，當局亦加強限制公民團體的參與

奧巴馬姍姍遲來，聯合國主動要求各國元首延長

人數，今日更加有示威隊伍打正旗號要衝入會

逗留時間，但結果談判最後只延長至深夜。美國

場，丹麥當局出動全國近半的警力集中在哥本

代表在會議內選擇與包括中國的四個新興經濟

哈根。

體領袖閉門談判，分化發展中國家的集體利益。

心，守衛亦日益森嚴。據估計上周能進出會場 的民間組織多達 500 家，但昨天開始，環保團 體的入場許可證亦大幅縮減。在這些重要的談

最後，兩個星期的哥本哈根會議，只能換來一 份失敗的文件：「哥本哈根協議」。網上湧現 brokenhagen、jokenhagen 等不同群組，對比會 議開始前 hopenhagen，大家都非常沮喪。

判會議，透明度非常重要。試想一個影響將及

GREENPOST

另一方面，昨天開始在舉行會議的貝拉會議中

全球公民的協議，卻把大部份公眾拒諸門外， 不符合聯合國公平公開的原則之餘，也沒有足 夠的民間監察，社會廣泛的意見，亦自然不能 夠帶進會場。

意見表達無門。我跟 Natalie 及部份綠色和平成 員，決定在各國元首由機場至會場的必經之路 上，向領導人車隊展示橫額，直接要求全球元 首立即行動。

在哥本哈根會議的 14 日，感覺非常矛盾，因為生活在一起的都是一班希 望能拯救氣候的有心人，卻見證一次自私自利的全球元首氣候會議。 唯一可幸的是，全球仍未捨棄應對氣候變化的國際合作平臺，全球元首 至少口頭上仍願意展開亡羊補牢的工作。問題是如何令每個國家的領導 人都願意再在國際的談判桌上落實協定？身為香港人的我，必先想辦法 促使香港政府制訂自己的減排目標和全面政策。假若成事，相信將有助 國際達成真正有效控制氣候變化的協議。

SPRING ISSUE 10

隨著會議連日來沒有取得突破，加上會場內

後記 亡羊補牢

後哥本哈根時代 哥本哈根會議，總結就是以「失敗」兩字去形容。各國所達成的協議，就是短短 不過 3 頁紙的「哥本哈根協議」，不具法律約束力之餘，也沒有就 2012 年後的全 球減排行動、資金技術支援等方面達成共識；發達國家拒絕承諾 2015 年前為地 球氣溫上升幅度控制為攝氏 2 度之餘，更變本加厲「控制」為上升攝氏 3 度，各 國領導似乎並不認為，由氣候變化引起的災難需要他們即時解決。 哥本哈根會議雖然失敗，但卻不容許我們放棄繼續行動，而是 積極尋找後哥本哈根的出路。這裡是一切你想知道有關 後哥本哈根的問題：

後哥本哈根的

氣候： 全球各國必須把握未來幾個月的最後機 會，爭取在年底的墨西哥會議中達成真 正拯救氣候的協議，即一份具法律約束 力、且公平而進取的減排方案。 發達國家與地區必須更積極作出明確的

後哥本哈根的

綠色和平： 內地工作： 我們會集中推動中國儘快邁向能源革命、開始實現低碳發展的藍圖。綠色和平將尋 求方法推動中國的電力企業減少對煤炭依賴程度、加大風力、太陽能等可再生能源 的投入。同時，我們會努力抓住「後哥本哈根」和制定「十二．五」發展規劃的契

GREENPOST

機，宣導改革低廉的煤炭價格、支持清潔可再生能源發展等關鍵政策。

減排承諾，即 2020 年前減少 25%-40% 的溫室氣體（1990 年的水平上），另外

香港工作：

亦必須就哥本哈根會議上所提出的

綠色和平會繼續向政府施壓，爭取香港於年底前，交出進取的減排方案，包括承諾

1000 億美元援助發展中國家的「氣候

香港將以發達地區自居，制定 2020 年減少 40% 溫室氣體（1990 年的水平上），或

基金」，作出更仔細的交代與安排，如

減少66% 碳強度的指標，以及全面的適應與緩減氣候變化的措施。

資金來源與實施細節等。

由於香港近 9 成的能源耗用是來自建築物（包括住宅、商業與工業），綠色和平亦

至於發展中國家，亦同樣需要積極落實

會進一步向政府與業界提出減少建築物能耗與排放的建議，並推動業界有效地為

已向外公佈的國內減排指標與方案，走

香港減排。

向低碳發展的路徑，並且努力參與國際

SPRING ISSUE 10

氣候談判，促成全球的減排方案。

無論是推動政府或主要排放源的改變，都需要有你，每一個市民的參與，才能讓我 們的倡議與行動更有影響力。因此，綠色和平將會繼續去年「氣候英雄」與「無車 日」的平台，令大眾有途徑參與減排，推動香港以至全球達成實質的減排方案。

07

©Greenpeace/Buck Pago

專題故事

後哥本哈根的 後哥本哈根的

中國：

墨西哥會議能否成功，除取決於發達國家 外，被稱為「基本四國」的中國、巴西、 印度與南非，他們的取態同樣重要。一方 同但有區別責任」的原則，推動發達國家 率先減排及負上歷史排放責任；另一方 面，他們也需要為其他發展中國家發聲，

每一個您的力量，都是改變領導者與政策的重要 環節。在個人生活層面，您有積極在日常生活中 減少碳排放嗎？簡單如多乘公共交通工具，將家 中的傳統燈泡換成慳電膽等等，都可以幫助改善 我們的氣候。說到底，節能減排必須集合眾人之 力，才可推動政府制定更進取的減排方案。

推動一份真正的全球減排方案的達成，包 括援助發展中國家的實質措施與資金。 中國現階段不受強制減排所約束，但中央 政府已宣佈明確的碳強度指標與減排方 案，同時在「十二．五」規劃中，放入更 指標，可見中國正努力減少耗用資源與排 放。這對中國長遠發展非常重要。

你可以透過監察民意代表，積極向特首以及環境 局官員表達意見，要求香港承擔發達地區應有的 減排任務，以及支持綠色和平的政策倡議。 一起行動，帶來改變。

SPRING ISSUE 10

多應對氣候變化的措施與節能減排的

GREENPOST

面，他們需要堅持《京都議定書》內「共

你！

08

封面故事

48 歲的盧廣，是中國最擅長拍攝環境問題的攝影師之一，更是中國大陸首個奪得美國 「尤金．史密斯人道主義紀實攝影大獎」得主。近年他走遍大江南北，用鏡頭紀錄中國日趨嚴 重的環境污染問題，當中既有生於污染村莊內天生殘障的嬰孩，亦有被污水染紅了的海域。 一張相片，有能力改變環境嗎？盧廣向 Green Post 的讀者訴說他所目睹中國嚴重的水污染 情況及背後動人的故事。 All Images ©盧廣/綠色和平

盧廣：

「這就是 中國 水污染！ 」

“

我從 2005 年開始在內蒙的烏海，看到中國污染的嚴重性。烏海附近， 特別是烏海和鄂爾多斯交界的草原上，建立了很多工業園區。園區中都是 些高污染高耗能的企業，主要是小煉鋼廠、化工廠、電石廠等特別是小焦 化廠，它們污染尤其嚴重。每天都冒著濃黃色的煙霧。當時我很震驚， 就開始拍攝它們。後來隨著拍照時間越來越長，我發現不僅在西部污染嚴 重，中部、黃河沿岸還有長江，這些地方污染都很嚴重。

”

盧廣 說故事： 多年來走訪不少備受污染的村莊， 盧廣不單留下他用鏡頭帶來的影響力， 更有一幕幕叫人驚心動魄的故事。

2009 年 04 月我在西平縣呂店鄉張于莊村認識了一對 25 歲的新婚夫婦，丈夫患了氣管 癌，我在他家和他父母聊天，一直跟他的主診醫生跟進他的情況，可是醫好了不到一 個月，他就癌症復發去世了。當時他老婆懷孕 9 個月，孩子還沒出生但是爸爸就已經走 了。這件事讓我很痛苦，這麼好的一個丈夫，還那麼年輕就走了。其實大家都知道， 這個地區的污染太嚴重，除了這戶人家，08 年的時候這個村子還死了一個 22 歲的年輕 媽媽。這個村子 07 年死了47 個人，08 年死了 38 個人，09 年 1 到 3 月死了18 個人。 90%以上都是因為癌症去世的。因為他們使用的水是壓井水，是很淺的水。他們的水 打上來看著很清，但是如果放三天，水下層的顏色和河裡的顏色是一樣的。他們喝了 這麼多污染物下去，好些人就這樣得病了。

河南省西平縣洪河邊的張于莊村，22 歲的朱小燕 2007 年在肚子裏長了一個很大的惡性腫瘤，經多 家醫院治療無效於 2008 年 7 月去世。清明節 4 歲 的孩子王穎跟爺爺為母親上墳

西平縣呂店鄉杜灣村杜新 志，2005 年患了膀光癌， 已開了 3 次刀，化療 6 次， 醫療費用高達 7 萬多元，現 在已是癌症晚期，放棄治 療，這是 4 月份拍的照片， 5 月份杜新志去世

舞鋼棗林鄉賈灣村只有 600人， 在 2008 年至 2009 年 4 月共死了 32人，80%以上是死於癌症， 老村長張金珠寫下了死亡名單

河南省舞鋼市洪河邊的劉家灣村，13 歲的楊 逍，2008 年 11 月得了怪病。在學校、村民們 的捐款幫助下得救了，老奶奶看到老村長來 探望孫子就拉著孫子的手跪在地上謝恩

12

封面故事

01

西平縣呂店鄉張于莊村民訴說污水影響 著村民的生活

02

西平縣呂店鄉張于莊村民從壓井取一桶 水，沉澱三天後，桶底的水和污染河流 的水差不多

03

石嘴山河濱工業園區的工廠每天排放大 量難聞、刺眼的污水，工廠沒有對污水 進行處理，直接排放到黃河

01

問：為什麼會對這些比較灰暗的社會問題和受害者的故事感興趣？ 盧廣：作為一個攝影師，我想走一條別人沒有走過的道路。我的題材就是去拍那些群眾喜歡的，群眾需要的「主旋律」。污染造成了很多的癌 症村，有很多受害者，而這些人卻又沒辦法說出自己遭受的嚴重污染，因為即使說出來也沒用，沒人來管。作為一個攝影師，我就

會選擇這方面的題材，我來為他們代言，把他們的問題通過我的相機表現出來，讓更多人及媒體知 道，讓更多人來幫助他們。 問：你去過很多地方拍攝水污染的照片，有沒有什麼情況讓你特別難忘？

盧廣：現在水污染有幾個地方比較嚴重，黃海沿岸，長江，還有像河南省這樣水資源缺乏的內陸省份。淮河上游在河南省境內的——洪河， 它本身就缺乏水源，附近有幾個工廠還把所有的污水都排放到這條河裡，使 250 公里長的洪河一直處於嚴重污染狀態，這種情況 20 年來都沒 有好轉。

黑色和紅色的污水長年累月的流過這條河，污染物甚至已經滲透到了地下，附近一兩公里內的土地和 地下水都是被污染的，而當地群眾又沒有自來水，他們雖然打了深井，但是他們的水都取自地下水， 打起來就喝，沒有經過任何處理。 這麼多年來我調查發現，如果一個地方的井比較淺或者水井使用時間比較長，這個地方的病人就特別多。一個特別嚴重的例子是賈灣村，這個 僅有 600 人的小村子，從 08 年到 09 年 4 月這16 個月的時間內已經有 32 個人死亡，其中 80% 都是因癌症而去世的，最年輕的只有17 歲。死亡 的中青年比較多，一個家庭死亡兩、三個的也很多。我覺得這是比較嚴重的地區，而這個地區也是比較貧困的地區，由於疾病，這裡的人變得 更加貧困。 問：你的照片中包含了許多動人的污染受害者故事，你從什麼渠道找到他們的故事？ 盧廣：我會住在他們村裏，和他們一起喝酒吃飯，和他們溝通。最重要的是告訴他們我來幹什麼。不過我不會跟他們說我能解決他們的問題，

GREENPOST

我只能告訴他們我是個環保志願者，我可以把你們的情況告訴大家，讓更多人來幫助你們，甚至我可以把你們的情況告訴一些領導。等他們認 可我之後我可以慢慢瞭解他們的情況。他們會跟我說某人之前去過醫院，你可以去他家問問情況。這對我來說已經是很重要的資訊了。我不需 要知道這個人具體是什麼病，我去他家問就行了。即使他們剛開始的時候不肯說也沒問題，我會慢慢開導他們。 問：獲得尤金·史密斯人道主義攝影獎後，對你的生活和拍攝有什麼影響嗎？ 盧廣：沒有什麼影響。我是一個比較低調，比較自由的人。雖然由於這個獎我獲得了比較多的關注，甚至很多我拍攝的工廠和當地環保局的人 也知道了。不過我靜悄悄的去拍，然後靜悄悄的走，他們也都不知道我是否去拍過。對我拍攝污染主題沒有多大的影響，我還可以繼續做。 問：你認為你的照片可以改變一些狀況嗎？

SPRING ISSUE 10

我認為完全可以，拯救就在我的照片上。這些事情報導出來後，地方政府受到的壓力會讓他們改善工 廠排污的情況。比如張于莊村，我11月份再去的時候已經改變了很多。政府出大部分錢，然後每戶再 出幾百塊錢，政府已經開始給他們裝自來水。自來水是深井水，多少好一些。不過這只是個暫時的措 施，如果長年累月喝這些水，時間長了污水還是會進入深井，村民還是會受到污染。但是起碼可以解 決他們眼前嚴重的污染問題。我這次去他們都說：「很感謝你環保志願者，你們來了我們才能裝上自來水。」我認為我的相機完 全可以改變一些情況。

13

封面故事

02

03

問：你認為解決中國的污染問題的關鍵是什麼？

我認為是通過法律制度。現時雖然有許多有關污染的法律條文，但亦非強而有力的政策。如果作出污染的企業只會被罰款了

事，他們就會繼續下去，因為對於大企業而言罰款不算什麼。但如果他們被抓污染之後有機會入獄 的話，情況就非常不同，他們會去確保他們的工廠沒有污染。他們絕對不會像現時的任意妄為。 問：你認為綠色和平應該怎樣做？

首先，應該全面調查中國水污染的情況，這是非常重要的。然後應該挑選一些具影響力的公司，利 用公共壓力使他們停止污染。他們有足夠的金錢，他們有能力停止污染。綠色和平可以找出他們的 具體污染物，然後向大眾發布這些信息。 這亦正好解釋為何綠色和平的工作如此重要。雖然內地亦有其他基層組織進行水污染的工作，但他們未必有資源做到如你們的規模。 問：你對中國的未來樂觀嗎？ 非常樂觀，我們一定能夠解決這個問題，中央政府也關心污染的問題。而受害者亦可以向地方政府投訴，讓他們向企業施加壓力。我相信情 況遲早會所有改變，當然越快越好！

危中有機？

綠色和平的下一步？

正如盧廣所講，要解決水污染問題，暫時

我們希望廣東省政府以及中央政府推出削

的措施只可以解決燃眉之急，最重要是通

減，乃至消除有毒有害物質政策，才能有

過法律制度確保企業停止污染。我們有關

效改善水污染問題。 身為香港市民的你同樣需要關注，你和我 也受中國水污染影響。我們不單購買來自

地考察及樣本調查，發表了《解“毒”珠江》

內地種植的蔬菜，香港的供水亦同樣依靠

報告，以了解珠江三角洲地區工業企業排

內地。因此我們將響應 3.22 世界水日，發

放有毒有害物質對水污染問題的影響。

起「杯中願行動」，讓香港市民都可以參

最近報告得到廣東省環保廳 的注意，報告中被我們點名 的 3 家企業，已因為環境問題 被列入「黑名單」，被廣東省 環保廳列入重點督辦之列。

與，為水污染受害者帶來改變。

換言之，他們的環境表現將會受到廣東省 政府的關注。企業需要定下時間表改善其 環境表現，這是我們最樂意聽到的消息！

想知道你可以如何參與改變？ 立即留意中間頁的「杯中願行 動」單張。

SPRING ISSUE 10

我們水污染的同事去年底經過 8 個月的實

GREENPOST

水污染的工作亦一直向這方面入手。

實現他們的杯中願， 只需要一杯咖啡的價錢 FOR THE PRICE OF A CUP OF COFFEE YOU CAN FILL THEIR CUP WITH HOPE.

中國的水污染問題已嚴重到一個不得不關注的程度。 正如盧廣所描述的例子，一對年青的新婚夫婦，妻子剛懷了孕，丈夫就 患了氣管癌，一年後，丈夫去世了，再也無法看到孩子的模樣。這都因為 他們長年累月喝下受污染的水。而這些例子，在中國只是冰山一角。 「3.22 世界水日─杯中願行動」是今年水污染項目的一項重點活動。我們 將於 3 月 22 日於太古城中心的揭幕禮中展出由張敬軒、林一峰、及本地 設計品牌 Chocolate Rain 的設計師 Prudence Mak 就水污染問題為主題設 計的巨型咖啡杯，同時收集廣大市民的「救水宣言」，以代表社會各界 對中國水污染問題的關注。多家餐廳及企業，亦會邀請員工及食客參與， 捐出一杯飲品的價錢，所有款項均會資助我們的水污染項目工作。 只要您願意每月額外增加小量的捐款，就可以支持我們的工作，為眾多 中國人帶來清潔食水的希望。 您過去的捐款已經為水污染項目踏出積極的第一步。我們的水污染

報告《解“毒”珠江》，揭發了 5 間排放有毒有害物 質的企業，當中 3 家已被政府列入「黑名單」，代表他 們的環境表現，會受到省政府的密切監察，為當地居民擁有清潔食水， 踏出成功的第一步。 您的額外捐款，可以資助我們進行更多有毒物化驗， 用作遊說政府及企業推動清潔生產，為這群受水污染 影響的受害者帶來希望。

請立即支持我們，實現水污染受害者的「杯中願」！

綠色和平水污染項目主任

Greenpeace Water Campaigner

This March 22 is World Water Day when the globe marks the urgency of helping more than one billion people get access to clean water. Nearly 100,000 people die annually from water pollution-related sickness in China.

“Fill our cup with hope” is a crucial project of our Toxics campaign this year. Greenpeace is working hard to stop water pollution in China by exposing polluters, finding victim stories and advising the government.

If you could consider a very small increase in your regular support to us, it would be an immense help to stepping up our campaign against water pollution and to supporting “Fill our cup with hope” project.

為了感謝您的支持，我們會代一眾水污染受害者，向 額外增加捐款的支持者送上「杯中願」杯墊。以感謝 您為解決中國的水污染危機出一分力。」

賴芸

How many of us start the morning with a coffee? Do you put the kettle on for a cup of tea when you come home? Everyday we take for granted that our water is clean and safe. But for 300 million people in China the water is so polluted that it is too dirty to even give crops.

「杯中願」杯墊 “Fill our cup with hope” coaster

✓ 我願意每月額外增加捐款，支持綠色和平 「杯中願行動」，改善中國水污染！ YES! I support Greenpeace’s “Fill our cup with hope” project to stop China’s water pollution.

I would like to give additional gift monthly. 請額外增加我的捐款額

Please upgrade my donation by:

HKD 港幣$50

HKD 港幣$80

HKD 港幣$100

每月增加 1 杯沙冰的價錢

每月增加 4 杯紅茶的價錢

每月增加 1 杯雞尾酒的價錢

Additional monthly donation of a smoothie

Additional monthly donation of 4 cups of tea

Additional monthly donation of a cocktail

Please support us today!

會員資料 MEMBER’S INFORMATION 姓名 Name

綠色和平會員編號 Membership No.

請填妥表格後傳真或寄回 Please complete this form and send back to us by fax or post.

手提電話 Mobile

要聯繫我們？隨時致電會員服務熱線 Want to contact us? Please call our Hotline

2854 8318

電郵 E-mail

杯中願行動網站 簽署 Signature

日期 Date

Fill our cup with hope website:

water.greenpeace.org.cn

同時歡迎您到以下餐廳，支持綠色和平「杯中願」行動。

While dining out, you can also support Greenpeace’s “Fill Our Cup with Hope” project at the following restaurants.

排名以英文字母排列 In alphabetical order

綠色和平簡便回郵12 號 Greenpeace China Freepost No.12

如在本港投寄 毋須貼上郵票 No postage stamp necessary posted in Hong Kong

貼上郵票，可為我們 節省行政費用。

Affix a stamp, help save admin costs.

The Copenhagen climate summit was a failure. The participants agreed only to a three-page accord that was not legally binding and contained no details about reducing global emissions and funding mechanisms. Industrialised countries refused to commit themselves to limiting the global temperature increase to below 2°C. Indeed, they made matters worse by raising the target to 3°C. It seems the world’s leaders do not think prompt action is needed to stop climate change.

Although Copenhagen was a disappointment, we cannot cease to look for ways forward. Instead, we should emphasise the following points:

1. Post-Copenhagen

Reducing Global Emissions All the world’s nations must seize their final opportunity to combat climate change by agreeing to a genuine, legally-binding, fair and ambitious plan to reduce emissions.

Industrialised countries must commit themselves to reducing their greenhouse gas emissions by 25%-40% by 2020 (taking them back to 1990 levels), and come up with a detailed agreement for a US$100-billion climate fund for developing countries, including how it will be funded and spent.

Developing countries need to live up to their promises to reduce their emissions and move towards low-carbon development. They must also make efforts to participate in international climate conferences and contribute to the global emissions-reduction plan.

POS T – COP ENHAG WHA T NE X T ?

2. Post-Copenhagen

Greenpeace:

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HONG KONG: Greenpeace will continue to push the government to accept that Hong Kong is a developed region, to draw up an ambitious emissions-reduction plan by the end of this year, and to commit to a 40% reduction in greenhouse gases by 2020 (back to 1990 levels) or a 66% reduction in carbon intensity. It should also take comprehensive measures to adapt to and mitigate climate change.

FEATURESTORY

MAINLAND CHINA: Greenpeace will focus on putting China on the pathway to an energy revolution and the implementation of a low-carbon development blueprint. We will also continue to seek ways to induce its energy industry to reduce dependence on coal, and increase investment in renewable types of energy, like wind and solar power. In addition, we will leverage on the Post-Copenhagen situation and the 12th Five-Year Plan in order to promote key policies, such as adjusting the low price of coal, and we will support the development of clean, renewable energy.

Since buildings (including residential, commercial and industrial premises) account for 90% of Hong Kong’s energy consumption, Greenpeace will continue to advise the government and industries about ways to reduce their energy consumption and emissions and promote low-carbon trends.

Greenpeace needs your support to push the government and change the main sources of emissions. Each of you can contribute to making our campaigns and actions more effective. We will continue the Climate Hero and Car Free Day campaigns in order to give the public a chance to get involved, and we will push for a real emissions-reduction deal that will cover Hong Kong and the world.

3. Post-Copenhagen

China:

The success or failure of the Mexico Conference will depend on both the industrialised nations and “BRIC” countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China). It needs to adopt the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities contained in the Kyoto Protocol. That means it should push industrialised countries to take the lead by reducing emissions and accept responsibility for historical emissions; meanwhile, developing countries should be pushed to formulate real and specific emissions-reduction policies, using climate funding.

China does not currently have any mandatory emissions-reduction targets, but its government has announced proposals for a carbon intensity index and emissions reductions. It has included further measures to reduce emissions and adapt to climate change in its 12th Five-Year Plan. This shows China is determined to cut energy consumption, even while it is struggling to relieve poverty. That is important for its long-term development and global sustainable development.

4. Post-Copenhagen…

Each and every one of you can play an important role in influencing leaders and policies and persuading the government to be more ambitious about reducing emissions.

Join the force, make a difference!

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©Greenpeace/Paul Hilton

And, as an individual, are you actively reducing your own daily carbon emissions? It can be as simple as using public transport instead of a private vehicle, and energy-saving light bulbs instead of conventional ones. Reducing energy consumption and emissions requires our combined efforts.

Finally, let us support Greenpeace’s Advocate Policy by actively expressing our views to the Chief Executive and Environment Bureau through our elected representatives. Demand that the government accepts that Hong Kong is an industrialised region and that it must take responsibility for reducing emissions.

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You!

One of China’s most famous and gifted environmental photographers is 48-year-old Lu Guang.

After growing up near a steelworks in Zhejiang and watching his friends die one by one from cancer, he has remained on the road recording images of the nation’s worst environmental catastrophes, from disabled babies born in heavily-polluted villages to dead landscapes choked with smoke.

Here he talks to Greenpeace China about why he thinks his photos can help.

All Images ©Lu Guang/Greenpeace

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COVERSTORY

Q. What role do you adopt when you are taking photos? Are you an artist? Are you a photojournalist? Or are you an environmentalist?

I think you can call me a news documentary photographer. My aim is to bear witness to the problems Chinese society is facing.

I used to be an artistic photographer taking photos of beautiful scenery, and so on. But then I realised I could use my camera to do things, to solve problems, to give a voice to those who are vulnerable and who cannot speak out.

Q. How do you think taking these kinds of photos can solve the problems?

I definitely think I can do something. If I didn’t believe that I could change things, then I wouldn’t continue taking photos.

I started taking photos of pollution back in 2005. My main focus then was Wuhai in Inner Mongolia, an industrial area with terrible pollution problems. I took photos and sent them to the government.

Because of my photos, the government sent a special team to investigate, and then many of the heavily-polluting factories were shut down.

Q. Which one of all your photos do you think is the most powerful?

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The villagers don’t have any running water, they have to do their washing in the river water.

If you press me, I would choose two photos.

The first is of a group of disabled children in Shanxi who were adopted by a couple.

Many parents abandon their disabled children. The other is a photo of the outflow of a sewage pipe in the Yangtze River, near Changshu city in Jiangsu province. The golden-coloured liquid flowing out of the pipe is untreated human waste. It was meant to be treated by a local treatment plant, but it was not. People downstream are drinking this.

GREENPOST

I feel very strongly about all my photos.

Every place in China has a different kind of pollution problem. In the west, the most pressing problem is smoke and dust pollution. Shanxi is China’s most-polluted province. Eight percent of the children in some places there were born with disabilities, and the main reason for this is pollution. So my photos of them are among the most powerful.

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COVERSTORY

Q. Many of your photos are shocking and moving. How do you feel when you are faced with images of, for example, cancer victims or disabled children?

When I first went to the disabled children’s village in Shanxi, I went to the house of a couple who had adopted more than 10 of them. On the first day, I couldn’t take any photos. I just stayed there and looked. It was very painful. It was too cruel. All these children were sick. They needed medical help, but they didn’t have any money to obtain it. I particularly remember two little kids there who just cried and cried until they had no more tears left, and no more voice to cry, so they collapsed asleep.

Everybody knows about the state of pollution in China. The wealthy can always move somewhere nice, like next to the ocean in Qingdao. Such people don’t care about pollution. Who gets left with the pollution? It’s all the poor people, like the villagers in Shanxi and Henan. Those provinces are very, very poor.

I am now used to seeing all this pollution.

It doesn’t really affect me. When I first saw beautiful grassland that had been polluted, I felt very agonised. I used to ask myself how could this happen? Why doesn’t anyone stop it? But now I am used to it.

So, I want to take my camera, record this pollution, and use my photos to tell everyone. I can’t solve the problem myself, but I can get someone else to solve it through my photos, by sending them to the environmental ministry, or giving them to the media, or posting them online. Public pressure can force changes.

Q. Why is China’s pollution problem so serious?

Its economic development has been too fast. That’s the main reason.

Q. What is the most effective way to solve China’s pollution problem?

The best way is through the legal system. Although there are many laws on pollution, they are too weak. There are no strong policies.

For example, if a thief steals 100 yuan he may be detained. But if you are caught stealing 10,000 yuan, you will be sentenced to jail.

If you are caught polluting you are not sentenced to prison. You just get fined.

And such a fine is nothing for a big company. The big bosses will simply continue polluting, and keep paying the fines if they get caught. The highest fine is 500,000 yuan.

If we had a law that sentenced people who are caught polluting to one, two or three years in prison, then the factory bosses would act very differently. They would go around and make sure their factories weren’t polluting. They definitely wouldn’t dare to do what they are doing now.

We are still going through a process, and it will become stronger in the future.

Q. What should the Greenpeace Toxics Campaign do?

First, it should do a really comprehensive investigation about the water pollution situation in China. That is very important.

After that, you should select a few very big and important companies, especially those listed on the stock market, and use public pressure to get them to stop polluting.

They have the money, so they can stop the pollution. You need to find out exactly what types of pollution they are causing, then publish this information.

GREENPOST SPRING ISSUE 10

Sewa g it’s no e flowing p t even a safe fo st a village.

T r anim als to he water is drink. so dir ty

The o u Chan tflow of a g s liquid shu city in ewage pip e J flowin g out iangsu pro in the Yan gtz vin of the pipe is ce. The g e River, n ear old untrea ted hu en-coloure d man w aste.

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Q. How did you get into environmental photography?

One by one, my friends in my hometown died from cancer. They had lung cancer and liver cancer. Why? Because the pollution in my home town is very serious.

There is a steelworks nearby.

Q. Are you optimistic about China’s future?

Very optimistic. We can definitely solve this problem. The central government does care about pollution. And the people who suffer from pollution can also put pressure on the local government, which will in turn put pressure on industries. That’s a powerful chain reaction. Sooner or later, there will be change. The sooner the better!

COVERSTORY

That is why this Greenpeace project is very important.

Greenpeace is one of the few organisations that are investigating water pollution.

But it is not the only one.

There are many grassroots organisations, yet they don’t have the money or resources to do as much as Greenpeace does.

China blacklists polluting factories As Lu Guang said, the best way to solve China’s pollution problem is through the legal system. That is the main focus of the Greenpeace Toxics Campaign.

Just a few months ago, Greenpeace launched a report entitled “Poisoning the Pearl”. It exposed five industrial factories that were releasing a cocktail of hazardous chemicals into the Pearl River.

In early February, Guangdong province took a positive first step by blacklisting 20 polluting companies that were failing to meet water-discharge standards.

Three of the five factories in our report are on that government blacklist.

The blacklisting may mean several things.

It may mean the authorities are giving the companies that own the factories a deadline to improve their pollution-prevention performance. It may serve as a warning that “we are watching you”. And it may also affect their financial status, in terms of their ability to launch a stock market listing or apply for a loan.

What are Greenpeace’s next steps?

■ We will call on the government to develop and implement stringent regulations to restrict and eliminate the release of hazardous chemicals; and ■ We are inviting Hong Kong citizens to

become part of the solution to the problem by supporting the “Fill Our Cup with Hope” project on March 22, World Water Day. Remember: those of us who live in Hong Kong are affected by China’s water pollution.

We buy vegetables that were grown and watered on the mainland, and we get our water from reservoirs across the border.

Please see the attached leaflet for more information.

GREENPOST

Two kinds of pol lution mix together where the Sanli and Bali rivers meet.

tory dumps waste from a paper fac An outflow pipe vince. er, in Henan pro into the Bali Riv

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gion, mous re ducts autono ro Ningxia er chemical p day in ry to ry oth fac aste eve emical d many This ch akes PVC an f untreated w o which m rge amounts River. la dumps into the Yellow t straigh

綠色和平成員於香港中環和平紀念碑公園豎立100 個十字架， 悼念因氣候變化而死亡的受害者。 Greenpeace activists place 100 crosses at the cenotaph in central district in Hong Kong to represent the death of populations caused by climate change and to condemn the failure of the COP15 United Nations Climate Conference. ©Paul Hilton/Greenpeace

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