Assortment & quality plants Cambodian + English

Let’s introduce: សូមែន&ំអំពី

Lucas Jansen លូ,ស េចនសិន

§ Floweracademy.nl: courses & training sessions

– Assortment knowledge:

– ចំេណះដឹងច)មះ

– Quality knowledge + Entrance control

– ចំេណះដឹងគុណ.ព01 + 2រប56ចូល

– Marketing + retail marketing

– ទីផ<រ + ទីផ<រលក់?យ

– Category management

– 2រ)គប់)គង)បេភទ

– Account management

– 2រ)គប់)គងគណនី

– Floral art courses abroad

– វគDសិលGៈជំJញែផMកេធOP01 េQបរេទស

– Social Media

– )បព័នSផTពOផ<យសងDម

– Market research / retail safaris

– 2រ )Uវ)Vវ ទី ផ<រ / safaris លក់ ?យ

§ HIG; horti-inspiration-group (networking)

§ Input / knowledge helpdesk Flowercouncil

– Campaign calenders

– Helpdesk/ advice

§ Active in Holland and abroad (25 countries)

§ Author textbooks MBO education

– Florist of the future

– Quality in te chain

– Social media

Nomenclature = names of plants

Correct

plant names are important

§ All products must be listed with their scientific names (Latin)

§ រុក$%តិ(ងអស់.ត/វែត2ន4ក់េ6 ះវទ;< =ស%អក?រ@Aំង

§ This requires a lot of product knowledge of naming flowers and plants

§ <េហតុែដល8ម8រេCយេយEងយល់ដឹងចHស់អំពីទំនិញលក់

§ Names include: េOPះរួមTន:

§ Genus = genus name = 1st name Bម.តកូល ពូជ

§ Species = specific name = 2nd name Bមេ67ះ

§ Cultivars = breed / culture variety = 3rd name

§ េ67ះ%សំHស់ពណ៏នឹង.បេភទ

Nomenclature of plants

§ Latin or botanical name: based on how plants are flowering

§ េ6 ះេដOមេឈ O%អក?រ@Aងឬេ6

§ According to hierarchical system : េ\ងAមលំ4ប់]Rក់^ប់េ67ះៃនរុក$%តិ

– Families .កម.គa< រ វង? – Genera .តកូល – Species Bម

– Cultivars / trade names េ67ះ%សំHស់ពណ៏នឹង.បេភទ

– Sometimes synonyms are still in use

េពលខ%ះរុក*+តិ.នេ01ះ2តកូលេ2ច5ន6ន

§ Each product has an own product-code (VBN)

§ រុក$%តិនីមួយៗfនេលខកូដផលិតផលZhល់ខiaន (VBN)

Hierarchy Latin names

§ Family Caryophyllaceae § Genus Dianthus, Gypsophylla § Species paniculata / elegans § Cultivars cultivars / ‘Million Stars

Assortment plants

Overview sorting possibilities indoor plants

ទិដ$%ពទូេ)ៃន,រតេ/ម1បលទ4%ពៃនរុក78តិក9:ងផ=ះ

Assortment plants

Plants

Flowering plants

– Green plants / plants with leaves

Classification plants

Cactaceae

Orchidaceae

Bromeliaceae

Flowering plants by 1 plant family

Bromeliaceae

Flowering plants by 1 plant family

Orchidaceae

Flowering plants by 1 plant family

Araceae

Green plants by 1 plant family

Agava-

ceae

Green plants by 1 plant family

Palmeae

Cactaceae

Classification plants

By product range :

§ Ferns :

§ Succulents :

§ Climbing plants

§ Hanging plants

etc

Succulents

Succulents

Mixt Green

Ferns

Classification plants

§ By origin: ]មVបភពេដEម៖

§ Tropical rainforest

– Often growing as an epiphyte

» Growing in a tree without using it

§ Desert plants

§ Plants from regions with mild climate

§ Country or region etc.

– From Japan

– Mediterranean Sea

– Canary Islands

Classification plants

§ By colour or smell of the flowers of leafs េNយពណ៌ឬកWិនៃនQRៃនសWឹក

§ By total size or pot size ]មទំហំសរុបឬទំហំធុង

§ By appearance/ cultivation technique ]មរូបcង

§ By genetic features: ]មលក;ណៈែហfន៖

§ Short day plants រុក,-តិៃថ1ខ3ី

– Flowering on days shorter than 12 hours

– #រេចញ678នរយៈេពលខ3ី-ង 12

§ Long day plants រុក,-តិៃថ1ែវង

– Flowering on days longer than 12 hours – #រេចញ67េAេលBៃថ1យូរ-ង 12 េ8៉ង។

§ Day neutral plants រុក,-តិCមពន3ឺៃថ1

– With a lot of light al lot of flowering, with less light less flowering

– -មួយនឹងពន3ឺេHចBន

Sorting by colour តេ/ម1ប@មពណ៌

§ Colour range for តេ2មSបTមជួរពណ៌

– Flowering plants

§ Mix trays

§ Sorted on 1 colour

§ Two coloured flowers

§ YZ.នពីរពណ៌

– Leaf plants

§ White variegated

§ Gold variegated

§ Red variegated

§ Green variegated

– Leaf pattern:

§ Edged

§ Spotted

§ Marbled

etc

Plants with scented

/ smelling flowers or leaves

Appearances = cultivation technique / plant caracteristics

Classification plants

§ Plants can be classified by use:

§ Easy care plants: រុក*+តិែដល2សFលែថ\ំ

§ Air purifying plants: រុក*+តិបន]^ទ_ខIល់

§ Bathroom plants:

§ Edible plants: រុក*+តិែដលLចបរcេdគ6ន

§ Living wall plants :

§ Epiphytical growing :

§ Indoor-outdoor application : រុក*+តិែដលLចេAេ2Oផbះនឹងកa^ងផbះ6ន

§ Plants suitable for terrarium: រុក*+តិែដលLចេAែកវែដលបិទជិត6ន

§ HydroPonic plants (on water): រុក*+តិែដលឬស9Lចរស់កa^ងទឹក6ន

§ etc

“Easy care” plants

Plants growing from bulbs: Bulbs on pot

Air purifying / cleaning plants

Carnivorous plants

Epiphytic plants

• Plants with epiphytic features are common in the following plant ranges or families:

• រុក;<តិTនលក;ណះ< ដុះេលEេដEមេឈE

• Ferns

• Orchidaceae

• Bromeliaceae

Epiphytic plants

Bathroom plants

Terrarium theme

Hydroponic (on water)

Recommended by Lucas for range green plants

Staff is crucial

§ Talented employees who show passion and commitment are the key to success.

§ បុគrលិកែដលfនេទពេmសលsែដលបtuញពីចំណង់ចំណូលចិតvនិងmរAំងចិត>គឺ%គនiឹះេដOមxីទទួល2នេ%គជ័យ។

§ Employees are crucial in the care and presentation of plants on the shop floor:

§ និេ\ជិតfន<រៈសំ|ន់nស់កRSងmរែថរក~

§ less loss and more sales

§ With knowledge you can distinguish yourself!

Some basic care tips for plants

Care:

grow factors of plants

Plants with succulent features:

How much water or RV (%) does a plant need?

§ By looking at a plant you already know a lot.

§ េយ5ងLចយល់ដឹងអំពីរុក*+តិេ`យ>រសេងZត

§ Looking at leaf thickness ក2.ស់ៃនស%ឹក

• Soft leaf = lots of water + higher RH (more spraying)

• ស%ឹកទន់

• Thick / fat leaf = succulent properties in leaf

• ស%ឹក2>ស់ រmង 2តlវ>រទឹកតិច

• little water, lower RH (less / no spraying)

§ Looking at stem / stem / root 2តFតពិនិតIេល5 ទង ែមក

• Succulent properties លក*ណះៃន2ប\ល

• The more or the thicker the stem, the easier it is for the plant to grow.

• េប5ទង2>ស់2សFលដុះ

• The thicker the root, the easier it is to care for / less water

• េប5ឬស2>ស2សFលែថ

• The finer the root, the more regular the water

• េប5ឬសលnិតលnិត

When does a plant need water?

§ Does soil on top of pot feel dry

§ pក់ដីពីេល5េផ5ងសEFត

§ Does pot feel heavy

§

§ Is the plant big or small

§

§ What is the leaf/stem ratio?

§

§ What time of year is it

§

§ Is it an herbaceous or woody

§

§ A fat or soft leafed species

§

Roots of plants tell something about…..

Roots of the plants tell something about..

Wet or dry?

Good or not good?

Guttation = sweating / dripping

§ Guttation is the phenomenon that plants 'sweat out' moisture with dissolved substances in it.

§ Guttation

§ Expression: drops at the end of leaves

§ #របYZញ

§ Cause: roots absorb water and minerals from the soil. When absorption and evaporation are not in balance, plant begins to sweat.

§ មូលេហតុ៖

§ Not harmful to the plants

§

§ Sometimes occurs when transporting in boxes

§

§ Solution: Water less

§

§ Plant: many plants from the Araceae: §

– Alocasia, Epipremnum, Monstera, Philodendron

But also: Musa

Temperature + fertilizers

§ Temperature depends on:

– Area of origin: if you do not know search for it

– Often depends on which family the plant belongs

– <ធមP]8ក់8ងនឹងវងfVគZiររបស់រុក;<តិ

– Climate zone for the outdoor variety

– តំបន់ÇmសÑតុរបស់រុក$%តិ

§ Winter hardness

§ Frost sensitivity 0ពធន់នូវរដូវទឺកកក

Temperature + fertilizers

Fertilizers:

ជី

– Depending on how much nutrition the grower give

– For the consumer: សVTប់អតិថិជន

§ Leaf plants in principle 1 x per month in the growing season §

– In winter less, unless the plant remains in the living room

§ Flowering plants during flowering 1 x per 2 weeks §

» After flowering please throw away or give it rest for reflowering

( no nutrition)

Cold sensitivity

Lower temperature (around 5 degrees)

How

much light does a plant need? Which location

េត:រុក+,តិ

§ By looking at a plant you already know a lot

§ េយTងUចយល់ដឹងអំពីរុក./តិេXយJរសេង4ត

§ You express the amount of light in LUX

§ េយTងYស់ក#មិតពន6ឺ/ Lux

§ Look at the extend of green of the leaves

§ េមTលក#មិតពន6ឺ?ម/តិពណ៍ៃបតងៃនស6ឹក

How much light does a plant need? Which location

– The greener the leaves: the less light the plant need

– រុក$%តិ(នស+ឹកពណ៍ៃបតង3ស់5ត6វ8រពន+ឺតិច

– The more lack of green of the leaves= variegated:

§ The more light the plant need រុក$%តិ(នស+ឹកពណ៍ៃបតងខ<ីឬតិច

§ No bright sun or direct sunlight

§ Light deficiency caused::

– Stretching of the plant

– Leaf or bud fall

– Poor growth

Origin

By light requirements 500 to 1000 lux.

In relation to area of origin

Dracaena

Rhapis

Howea

By light requirements 750 to 1000 lux.

In relation to area of origin

Ficus Schefflera Yucca Zamioculcas

By light requirements 1000 to 2000 lux.

In relation to area of origin

Euphorbia Phoenix Cycas

By light requirements 5000 to 10000 lux.

In relation to area of origin

Mandevilla Rosa Bougainvillea

By light requirements 5000 to 10000 lux.

In relation to area of origin

Cactaceae

By humidity: RV

RV too low: leaf tips and edges

Botrytis sensitivity

(mould arising from spores and when plants become damp on leaves or flowers)

Cold damage / frost damage (garden) (depending on genus / cultivar)

Cold damage / frost damage (garden) (depending on genus / cultivar)

Ethyl = aging hormone Damage image = bud fall (aa

Ethyl = aging hormone Damage image = leaf fall

Pre-treatment Phalaenopsis

Protection against external ethylene influences with ethyl blocker

Especially for Phalaenopsis

Chain of plants = ែខ[ស\]ក់ៃនរុក./តិ

§ Breeders

§ Producers / growers (Holland and others)

§ Transporter

§ Distribution by export company

§ Transport

§ Wholesaler or distribution centre retailer

§ Point of sale:

supermarkets, garden centre, DIY-stores etc

§ Consumers

How it was in the past?

Influences on flowers and plants during the chain (Floweracademy.NL)

Influences in the chain Productions facts included genetic characteristics

Definition Each flower / plant has different characteristics to start with (genetic)

The “quality of the producer” makes finally a product with the growing facts

Time/ storage Temperature / Humidity

The faster a product goes through the chain, the better it is. The more stable the cold chain in terms of temperature and humidity, the better it is.

Weather and availability

Breeders

Growers

Transport

Export company Transport

Importer / Wholesalers / distribution centre

Shops (sales points)

Sales to consumers depends on: country, trends, traditions etc

Presentation

Pricing Personnel

Flower food chain

In every part of chain flower food need to be added: from pre-treatment till consumer to make vase live longer. For plants is pre-treatment sometimes necessary

Packaging Transport and handling + treatment

Prevent damage, limit evaporation, influence shelf life. Information and promotion

Prevent stress, transport damage and handling damage Some products get special treatment before the go into the chain

Hygiene

Information

Controlling/ monitoring = data

Prevent Botrytis, among other things And other infections such as fungi, bacteria and viruses

Forward and backwards information: Specifications, claims, care stores and consumers etc

Measure = know To improve sales and reduce

Is this what we want for consumers?

What is quality?

Starting questions Quality

(group assignment)

សំណួរ_ប់េផaTមពី គុណbព (>រpត់Tង+2កម)

1. Several factors play a role in a well-organized sales chain? Which one?

2. There are 3 types of mobile lice / aphids?

3. Problems in determining the quality of plants is a matter of logical thinking បfçកa^ង>រកំណត់គុណdពៃនរុក*+តិគឺ+បfçៃន>រគិតឡlជីខល

4. Botrytis is the most common problem in plants េមេÅគផ]ិត

5. Yucca and Dracaena are sometimes poorly rooted Yucca និង Dracaena

6. A consumer can find out everything about a grower at MPS អaកេ2ប526ស់Lចែសrងយល់2គប់è៉ងអំពីអaក`ំេA MPS

7. Cold damage always manifests itself in the same way with plants >រខូចQតេ`យ2ត+ក់ែតងែត

8. The more immature a flowering plant can last!

9. There is no difference between pot roses from different growers

10. Changes in temperature affect the shelf life of plants

Starting questions Quality (group

assignment)

11. Plants are sensitive to stress

12 .An aquapad under a plant has no effect! Aquapad េAេH#មរុក,-តិមិន8ន#រប៉ះsល់tHកក់េទ!

13.All plants need a transport 12-15° C or more

14.Ethylene only affects a few species of flowering plants

ប៉ះsល់ដល់Hបេភទរុក,-តិ67មួយចំនួនប៉ុេoxះ។

15. All customers / countries work with the same product specification

អតិថិជន/បogHបេទសuំងអស់េធzB#រ-មួយ#រប{mក់ផលិតផលដូចhV។

16. Judge always brings his money

េ|Hកមែតងែតយកលុយរបស់hត់មក

17. As of 14-12-2019, all plants must be provided with a plant passport

14-12-2019

18. There is a difference between logistic and commercial plant height

19. Plan height is measured from the edge of the pot

20. As a supplier, you have no influence on the presentation and care on the shop floor.

Influence of quality during chain

§ After products arrives a quality check is important

§ បBhប់ពីផលិតផលមកដល់ mរ.តaតពិនិតsគុណÖពគឺ%េរÜងសំ|ន់

§ Most common “problems” are: បáu " ទូេàបំផុតគឺ៖

– Transport damaging

– Temperature damaging: cold or frost mរបំZiញសីតុណuÖព៖

– Ethylene damaging

– Diseases and pests

§ Botrytis ផ?ិត

Protection against cold damage

Phalaenopsis ethyleen

Ethyleen blocker

Ethylene sensitive products: bud and leaf fall

Each orchid is different sensitive

Green = not nesessary

Yellow = risky in the chain

Red = always usefull to pre -treat

Transport damage

Transport damage

Transport damage

Botrytis sensitivity

(mould arising from spores and when plants become damp on leaves or flowers)

Phalaenopsis Botrytis

Different codes

§ Product-code= VBN-code

§ S-code = sort- / specification

§ K-code = kwaliteits-code (quality)

§ Fust-code = fust / emballage

S-codes = sorting codes download app floribook

Specifications plants

§ Pot size ទំហំធុង

§ Sorted by: តេ.មéបេ4យ៖

§ Height, diameter, number of branches / cutting per pot,

§ កមèស់, អង[ត់ផêិត

§ Number of flowers / buds, shape, lenght of tendrils etc.

§ ចំនួនៃនZ[ / buds, រូប^ង, .បែវងៃន tendrils ល។

§ Free of diseases, pests and deficiencies

§ H7នជំងឺ សតÄលçិត

§ Uniformity ឯកសnëន

§ Maturity / ripeness stage ដំnក់mលទុំ /

§ Well hardened

§ Well rooted

§ Sufficient moist

§ Care instructions mរែណBំអំពីmរែថ(ំ

Uniformity = equality

Diktesorteringen

Dikte / Thickness / Dicke Ficus benjamina bont

Dikte sortering verplicht / Thickness grading is compulsory / Dickesortierung ist vorgeschrieben © VBN Mei/May/Mai 2015

Dikte / Thickness / Dicke

Dikte sortering verplicht / Thickness grading is compulsory / Dickesortierung ist vorgeschrieben © VBN Mei/May/Mai 2015

Phalaenopsis Stages of ripeness

Rijpheid / Stages of opening / Reifheit

Hyacinthus orientalis

Bloemknop zichtbaar

1 2 3 4

Bloemtros volledig uit de bol

Flower bud visible

Blumenknospe sichtbar

Flower bunch completely out of the bulb

Blumentraube ganz aus der Zwiebel

Bloemtros halverwege eindlengte

Flower bunch halfway final height

Blumentraube halbwegs Endlänge

Bloemtros tegen kleuren aan/gekleurd

Flower bunch to colors/colored

Blumentraube fast farbig/farbig

Rijpheidssortering verplicht / Stage of opening grading is compulsory / Reifheit ist vorgeschrieben

Dikte / Thickness / Dicke Picea

Dikte sortering verplicht / Thickness grading is compulsory / Dickesortierung ist vorgeschrieben © VBN Mei/May/Mai 2015

Dikte / Thickness / Dicke Dieffenbachia

Dikte sortering verplicht / Thickness grading is compulsory / Dickesortierung ist vorgeschrieben © VBN Mei/May/Mai 2015

Plant height

Measured on freestanding plant, without cover, from the highest point of the plant and including pot. The measured height is rounded to whole centimeters down.

The starting point is that the smallest plant within the batch determines the height to be indicated. Support material is not measured. Exceptions to this are plants where a (moss) stick is used and the crop is lower than the (moss) stick. For these plants, the length/height of the support material is the measured height. ចំណចiប់េផjPមគឺlរុកXVតិតូចបំផុតេQកM+ង)កមែដលកំណត់កម`ស់ែដល)តfវចងm+លបnញ។ សpqរៈជំនួយមិន)តfវeនWស់ែវងេទ។

េលPកែលងចំេrះេនះគឺVរុកXVតិែដលេ)បPដំបង

For climbing plants, the plant is measured from the bottom of the pot to the top of the support material. Tendrils that protrude above the support material are not measured.

Tendrils

Sufficiently rooted = Root number in %

pot with carrot number for comparison (Example: at least 80%)

Incorrect + correct rooting

Correct rooting reaches the bottom of the pot

Rooting plants says a lot about the quality

Sanseviera / Yucca (beaten too late to larger pot size

Rooting plants says a lot about the quality

Poorly rooted Podocarpus.

Group assignment: Usa database InfoFlowersPlants

§ Search info in database + download PDF’s

§ ែសÄងរកព័ត៌fនេVកRSងមូល4ëនទិនRន័យ + (ញយកឯក<រ PDF

– Your favourite plant + care instruction + N2K

– 5 plants from the range and how consumers need to take care about it –

5

– 5 indoor plants which can be interested for customers

–

– 5 outdoor plants which can be interested for customers

– 5 seasonal plants which can be interested for customers

5

Handy Excel sheet

Use determination key for quality problems

Determination

key

for quality problems in flowers and plants A) Leaves

Black leaf discoloration / shiny leaves

(Mold on aphid excrement fly

Small spots on leaves jumped cells

Dried leaf Heating or transport damages Red stripe by stem Fire Stem

Black or white spots on leaves or flower Cold damage Water place in stem or sweaty leaves Water stem or sweat leaves

A2) Damaged leaf D2) Damage to stem

Small, white spots or winding corridors Leaf miner fly Dusty brown gray mold Botrytis Among the top eat / damaged stems Snails Irregular holes, skived sheet layers or silver, shiny slime trails Snails Bruised stems and flower parts Irregular bite of blade edge Vine weevil Lowest part stems not free of leaves Not clean under end

Strong deformation or pattern of surfacemounted, lighter colour veins

Damaged or bruised leaves Transport damage Globe-shaped oyster shields Cap Scale

A3) Insects seen on leaf In the magazine - or flower armpits white pellets of wax threads Mealy bug 2 mm with yellow dot on back Leaf miner fly D) Roots

We will work in some small groups to definee several quality problems

Most common diseases

§ Mobile louse (aphid) សតÄលçិត (Aphid)

§ Immobile louse (wool-cap-scale)

§ Caterpillar ដងRkវ

§ Trips 4រ េធUEដំេណEរ

§ Miner fly (usually only damage image) (

Whitefly

§ Which one you know yourself?

6 most common animal infestations

6 most common animal infestations

Aphid Whitefly

Mealybug + cap fluff

Caterpillar

Mobile Immobile

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLIoGWfGiGIbRQOY1 sXVAIluXbCR2rY r-

;បតិបត0ិ=រ;បកបេ>យនិរន0រ3ព

§ រថយន@អគBិសនី

§ ,របំែបក,កសំណល់

§ ,រេDះពុមFេGយHគីIំងសងKង ។ល។

§ ,រដឹកជPQRនរួមបPTRលU4ពីតំបន់

§ ,ត់បនVយ,របំHយឧសX័ន

§ បេងZ<ន=បសិទ\Hពក]@ផ_`ករបស់,របaTរទិញ

= MPS Florimark Trade § អRក4ដុះfនវá បនប.តេផ?ងៗ៖

- MPS ABC និង ProductProof

- បtuញ<រÑតុសកម7%ក់óក់nមួយែដល.ត/វ2នេ.បO.2ស់កRSង

§ MPS GAP

- បtuញពីរេបWបែដលសុវតUិÖព

§ SQ (សងrមfនលក$ណៈសមxត>ិ.គប់.Hន់)

- បtuញពីរេបWបែដលលក$ខណòmរtរ.ត/វ2នេរWបចំ

អaកេ2ប526ស់ែតងែតតnlញែតnរ+មួយរូបdពៃនបុពrេហតុែដលខូចQតេ`យ

Peter Verhoogt, Nolina

nematodes េនះពី Koppert េហOយ េគÇចនិ\យ2ន]សតÄលçិតឥឡ/វេនះfនតិចតួចnស់។ § Verhoogt 2៉ន់.បfណ] Capsanem 2នmត់បនUយmរេ.បO.2ស់<រÑតុគីមី.បöំងនឹង

Duponchelia

scatellas ( shore fly) Sciaras

§ Flori Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules (FloriPEFCR)

Botrytis biggest quality problem in plants

Botrytis cinerea

§ It’s a fungi 9+ផ]ិត

§ Spores

§ Spores in the air េAកa^ងខIល់

§ In combination with humidity / water

§ 2-3 days incubation time before its visible

§ Most sensitive:

Flowering plants

– outdoor plants

– The more soft – the more

Recognize multiple Dutch names for Botrytis

Botrytis ( sporen + te hoge RV)

Spores Botrytis

Mycelium

Botrytis mainly occurs in:

េមេbគផcិត

§ Condensation in (unperforated) sleeves

§ >រកកិតេAកa^ង6%សbិច

§ Heathing in sleeves / boxes

§

§ Incorrect cleaning of spaces / tables etc

§ >រស.nត

§ Wet harvested product (outdoor)

§

§ Higher temperatures

§

§ Wet sprayed product

§

§ In flowering and soft green plants + garden plants (the softer the more sensitive

§ េAកa^ង2បេភទរុក*+តិែដល.នYZនិងរុក*+តិ.ន+តិពណ៏ៃបតងតិច

Resolving / preventing Botrytis?

§ Preventing moisture and working clean: §

– Sufficient drying and airing during cultivation

– Products blow dry before loading

– Do not pack / trade condensaten / wet plants

–

condensaten

– Sealed carts "air" in time

–

– Using boxes with holes

– 2រេ)បP)បអប់ែដលpនរនS

– RH during transport not too high (below 80 %)

– RH កM+ងអំឡ+ងេពលដឹកជÉ6fនមិនខ`ស់េពក (េ)2ម 80%)

– Preventing temperature changes

– 2រrរ2រ0sស់បjfរសីតុណo.ព

– Condensation = moisture

– condensation = សំេណPម

– Never spray flowers or plants with flowers or soft leaves wet

– កុំeញ់ទឺកេលP01 ឬរុកXVតិែដលpន01

– Trade less sensitive products

– េធOPrណិជ6កម^ផលិតផលែដលÖប់ខូច

– Create swipe policy: when, how, with what?

– បេង1Pតេ]ល2រណ៍៖

§ Keywords: CLEAN and DRY

Test Botrytis: measuring of spore pressure in

air

§ Step 1 / Day 1: ជំÅនទី ១/ ៃថ£ទី១

Write on the trays: សរេសរចំuំ

Location where these are placed, date and place

Place the slides for 24-36 hours / open the dishes and put them down:

24-36 េp៉ង / េបPកiនេហPយ\ក់Wចុះ:

§ Refrigerator ទូរទឹកកក

§ Workshop, flower shop, barn កែនsងេធOP2រ ãង01 ជ)ងក

§ Loudspeaker ឧបករណ៍បំពងសេមsង

§ Sales space, presentation space / cash & carry

§ កែនsងលក់ កែនsងេធOP\ក់áំង01 / Uច់)eក់

§ Truck / truck / car çនដឹកទំនិញ / çនដឹកទំនិញ

§ Nursery or greenhouse

§ etc

§ Step 2 / Day 2:ជំãនទី 2/

2

Close the bowls and write on them the date of closing

Place the dishes at room temperature for 2-3 days

បិទiនេហPយសរេសរេQេលPW2លបរâេចäទៃន2របិទ\ក់iន

§ Stap 3 / Dag 4-6: ជំãនទី 3/

– Read the results of the Botrytis spores pressure in the air:

– Compare the results with the reference photos – េ)បêបេធÄបលទSផលVមួយរូបថតេëង

Botrytis test:

2 dagen open om sporen op te vangen uit de lucht

Botrytis test:

After 5-6 days closed the result is: how mores fungi

Reference images of Botrytis spore pressure

Aquapad can improve shelf presentation

Aquapad can improve shelf presentation

Use determination key for quality problems

Determination

(RV) C) Stem

Black leaf discoloration / shiny leaves

(Mold on aphid excrement / fly Soot Dew D1) Discoloration of the stem

Small spots on leaves / jumped cells Cell damaged Brown stripes in the longitudinal direction Stem disease Steal slimy, soft and

Black or white spots on leaves or flower

A2) Damaged leaf D2) Damage to stem

Small, white spots or winding corridors Leaf

We

work in some small groups to define several

Lucas Jansen

Classification of assortment of garden plants

Main garden plants:

6 main groups and several separate subgroups

Subgroups or separate groups of plants that are sometimes "logically" placed together and can come from 1 or more of the 6 main groups Tub and orangery plants Edible plants Bamboo Grasses Ferns Avenue trees Fruit plants: hard and soft fruit etc Aquatic plants Pond / bank Garden orchids

Herbaceous Wooden

Annuals Bi-annuals Perennials Trees Shrubs Conifers

Garden Plant Calendar

VBN supply regulations

§ Pot size

§ Disease-free ë1នជំងឺ

§ Uniformity ឯកសnëន

§ Good rooting ឫសគល់លç

§ Moist root ball

§ Correct flowering maturity

stage:

§ No limp leaves

§ Sufficiently hardened

Stages of maturity by product

3 groups of herbaceous garden plants

Plants with soft leaves and stems

• Annuals

• Two-year-olds

• Perennials = perennial

More sensitive to:

Botrytis (fungus)

Yellow foliage

Hanging down

Stretch

Annuals / bedding plants

Growing, flowering and dying in 1 growing season (April – Oct)

Frost sensitive. Propagation usually seed and/or cuttings

Annual bedding plants

§ Also called summer annuals Lចេ£6នែដរôរដូវេOk2បpំñaំ

§ Herbaceous plants: រុក*+តិេt1៖

– softness of leaves, stems and flowers

– dពទន់ៃនស%ឹក

§ Propagation by seed or cutting បនkពូជេ`យ2ëប់

§ Supply: >រផ§ត់ផ§ង់៖

– mostly from March – June with top in April – May:

– dគេ2ច5នពីែខមីà

§ Sensitive to: xយប៉ះ|ល់ចំេ|ះ – Too dry or too wet = yellow leaves

– Too little light causing them to stretch

– Wilted flowers: picking

Bi-annual plants

Survive 1 winter and have 2 growing seasons

Propagation usually seed and/or cuttings

Perennials

Most (90%) die back above ground in the winter and go into dormancy underground and come back every year with growth and flowering. Propagation usually seed and/or cuttings / tears

3 groups of woody garden plants

Schrubs

• Berry schrubs

• Leafy schrubs

• Evergreen

• Deciduous

• Flower schrubs

• Winter flowering

• Spring flowering

• Summer flowering

• Vruchtbomen

• Deciduous trees

• Evergreen

• Deciduous

• Autumn flowering Trees

Conifers

• Scale conifers

• Coniferous conifers

• Leaf conifers

Woody garden plants

§ Plants with wooden parts

§ branches, twigs or trunks. ែមក

§ Usually hardy: %ធម7Aរíង៖

§ otherwise, it's a container or houseplant

§ fនដូច%

§ Cultivation method: (see lesson on quality)

§ Pot-grown

§ Pot-pressed

§ in bags or nets

Pot-pressed / Pot-grown / root ball: store or online sales

Evergreen shrubs With decorative top:

Deciduous shrubs

Berry schrubs

Flower schrubs

Trees

Conifers: scale or needle

Terrace or orangery plants = container plants

Plants come from areas where it doesn't freeze, so :

រុក;<តិមកពីតំបន់ែដលtមិនVត<ក់{Wំង ដូេច[ះ៖

• in summer outside on the terrace or balcony

• េnរដូវេy&េn{ងេVyេnេលEcបេសPEរ ឬយ៉{ងមុខ

• Store frost-free in winter at 5-8 degrees C

• ទុកកែនWងVត<ក់េNយ|Pនទឹកកកក['ងរដូវរoេnសីតុណ 0ព 5-8 អងsេស

• Plants come from both herbaceous and woody groups

• 8 ងរុក;< តិម

Container plants or orangery plants

Container plants or orangery plants

Video productie Bougainvillea in Italië

Other groups

The following product groups are sometimes grouped together as separate groups

Grasses

Ferns

Edible Plants / Herbs

Fruit plants (hard)

Fruit plants (soft)

Aquatic plants

Garden orchids

Plant knowledge: necessary and useful

§ O-measurement flowers assortment

§ O - 4រtស់ែវងVបេភទQR

– Install Kahoot from the app store – ដំេឡEង Kahoot ព

– Or via the website www.kahoot.it – ឬ]មរយៈេគហទំព័រ www.kahoot.it

§ Sign up with PIN number + name

§ ចុះេOPះេNយេVបEេលខ PIN + េOPះ

– Questions on screen –

– Answer on your mobile –

Education is the best marketing tool you can imagine !