PRINTERS DIGEST MAGAZINE 101ST EDITION

PRINTING MUST BE PROFITABLE AGAIN

W thmagazine! Recently, we unveiled our 100 alongside our re invenon into a wholesome media firm thereby giving us an opportunity to offer more services to our clients and the news from the event is in this edion for your happyreading.

e are excited to bring you the 101 issues of our

It is unarguable that Nigeria prinng and publishing industry is grappling with issues of local capacity development and Nigeria print jobs remaining in Nigeria but the good news is that concerned stakeholders under the print value chain with the President and Chairman in Council Mr Olugbemi Malomo seng the pace for collaboraon with the Federal Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment, Manufacturers Associaon of Nigeria, The Lagos Chambers of Commerce and Industry, FIRRO and DCS Integrated Media Limited as the event managers to organise the first Nigeria Internaonal Pulp and Paper Summit to showcase the potenals along the paper and pulp value chain as a viable complement to agriculture in terms of employment generaon, wealth creaon and Naonal development. We strongly believe that this collaboraon will birth a new beginning fortheenreprintvaluechainsectorinNigeria.

We have in this edion engaging, educang and business transformingarcle.

Forconstantupdatesoneventsasitunfoldsinourindustry, visit:www.printersdigest.com.ng

Aboveall,whatyouwillfindinthepagesofPRINTERS DIGESTMAGAZINEisacollectionofwellresearchedarticles writtenbyreal,honestanddown-to-earthfolkswhoworkhard tostayinformedtoenableusgiveyouthebest.Ilovetohear fromyou.Pleasedropmeane-mail (printersdigest@gmail.com)

Precious Ugwuoke-Munachi

JOURNALIST

ADMIN MANAGER Emmanuel Adedayo

STRATEGY UNDER UNCERTAINTY FOR BUSINESS OWNERS

…What makes for a good strategy in a highly uncertain business e n v i r o n m e n t ? F o r b e e r understanding of the discuss, it is paramount we understand what business uncertainty is. Business uncertainty refers to situaons in which businesses face risks that can't be foreseen or measured. During these mes, it may be hard for businesses to predict their p e r f o r m a n c e d u e t o unprecedented or constantly changing events in their business lifecycle.

The salient queson to ask will be how should execuves facing great uncertainty decide whether to bet big, hedge, or wait and see? Chances are, tradional strategicplanning processes won't help much. The standard pracce is to lay out a vision of future events precise enough to be captured in a discounted-cash-flow analysis. Of course, managers can discuss alternave scenarios and test how sensive their forecasts are to changes in key variables, but the goal of such analysis is oen to find the most likely outcome and createastrategybasedonit. That approach serves companies well in relavely stable business environments. But when there is greater uncertainty about the future, it is at best marginally helpful and at worst downright dangerous.

One danger is that this tradional approach leads execuves to view

uncertainty in a binary way to assume that the world is either certain, and therefore open to precise predicons about the future, or uncertain, and therefore completely unpredictable. Planning or capital-budgeng processes that require point forecasts force managers to bury underlying uncertaines in their cash flows. Such systems clearly push managers to underesmate uncertainty in order to make a compelling case for theirstrategy.

Underesmang uncertainty can lead to strategies that neither defend against the threats nor take advantage of the opportunies that higher levels of uncertainty may provide. In one of the most colossal underesmaons in business history, Kenneth H Olsen, then president of Digital Equipment Corporaon, announced in 1977 that “there is no reason for any individual to have a computer in their home.” The explosion in the personal computer market was not inevitable in 1977, but it was certainly within the range of possibilies that industry experts werediscussingattheme.

At the other extreme, assuming that the world is enrely unpredictable can lead managers to abandon the analycal rigor of their tradional planning processes altogether and base their strategic decisions primarilyongutinsnct.

This “just do it” approach to strategy can cause execuves to

place misinformed bets on emerging products or markets that result in record write-offs. Those who took the plunge and invested in home banking in the early 1980s immediately come to mind.

Risk-averse managers who think they are in very uncertain environments don't trust their gut insncts and suffer from decision paralysis. They avoid making crical strategic decisions about the products, markets, and technologies they should develop. They focus instead on r e e n g i n e e r i n g , q u a l i t y management, or internal cost reducon programs. Although valuable, those programs are not substutesforstrategy

W h at fo l l o ws , t h e n , i s a framework for determining the level of uncertainty surrounding strategic decisions and for tailoring strategy to that uncertainty.

Even the most uncertain business environments contain a lot of s t r a t e g i c a l l y r e l e v a n t informaon. First, it is oen possible to idenfy clear trends, such as market demographics, that can help define potenal demand for future products or services. Second, there is usually a host of factors that are currently unknown but that are in fact knowable—that could be known iftherightanalysisweredone.

Performance aributes for

current technologies, elascies of demand for certain stable categories of products, and competors' capacity expansion plans are variables that are oen unknown, but not enrely unknowable.

The uncertainty that remains aer the best possible analysis has been done is what we call residual uncertainty for example, the outcome of an ongoing regulatory debate or the performance aributes of a technology sll in development.

Butoen,quiteabitcanbeknown about even those residual uncertaines. In pracce, we have f o u n d t h a t t h e r e s i d u a l uncertainty facing most strategicdecision makers falls into one of fourbroadlevels:

Level 1: A Clear-Enough Future.

At level 1, managers can develop a single forecast of the future that is precise enough for strategy development. Although it will be inexact to the degree that all business environments are inherently uncertain, the forecast will be sufficiently narrow to point to a single strategic direcon. In other words, at level 1, the residual uncertainty is irrelevant tomakingstrategicdecisions.

Level2:AlternateFutures.

At level 2, the future can be described as one of a few alternate outcomes, or discrete scenarios. Analysis cannot idenfy which outcome will occur, although it may help establish probabilies. Most important, some, if not all, elements of the strategy would change if the outcomewerepredictable.

Many businesses facing major regulatory or legislave change

confront level 2 uncertainty The value of a strategy depends mainly on competors' strategies, and those cannot yet be observed or predicted. For example, in oligopoly markets, such as those for pulp and paper, chemicals, and basic raw materials, the primary uncertainty is oen competors' plans for expanding capacity: Will they build newplantsornot?

Economies of scale oen dictate that any plant built would be quite large and would be likely to have a significant impact on industry prices and profitability. Therefore, any one company's decision to build a plant is oen conngent on competors' decisions.

Level3:ARangeofFutures.

At level 3, a range of potenal futurescanbeidenfied.Thatrange is defined by a limited number of key variables, but the actual outcome may lie anywhere along a connuum bounded by that range. There are no natural discrete scenarios. As in level 2, some, and possibly all, elements of the strategy would change if the outcomewerepredictable.

Companies in emerging industries orenteringnewgeographicmarkets oenfacelevel3uncertainty.

Analogous problems exist for companies in fields driven by technological innovaon like our industry The prinng and packaging sector When deciding

whether to invest in a new technology, producers can oen esmate only a broad range of potenal cost and performance aributes for the technology, and the overall profitability of the investment depends on those aributes.

Level4:TrueAmbiguity.

At level 4, mulple dimensions of

uncertainty interact to create an environment that is virtually impossible to predict Unlike in level 3 situaons, the range of potenal outcomes cannot be idenfied, let alone scenarios within that range. It might not even be possible to idenfy, much less predict, all the relevant variables that will define the future.

Level 4 situaons are quite rare, and they tend to migrate toward oneoftheotherlevelsoverme. Those examples illustrate how difficult strategic decisions can be atlevel4,buttheyalsounderscore theirtransitorynature.

Tailoring Strategic Analysis to the FourLevelsofUncertainty.

Our experience suggests that at least half of all strategy problems fall into levels 2 or 3, while most of the rest are level 1 problems. But execuves who think about uncertainty in a binary way tend to treat all strategy problems as if they fell into either level 1 or level 4. And when those execuves base their strategies on rigorous analysis, they are most likely to apply the same set of analyc tools regardless of the level of residualuncertaintytheyface.

Strategy in Level 1's Clear-Enough Future In predictable business environments, most companies are adapters. Analysis is designed to predict an industry's future landscape, and strategy involves making posioning choices about whereandhowtocompete.When the underlying analysis is sound, such strategies are by definion made up of a series of no-regrets moves.

INEC Finally EndorsedPartnership With CIPPON

This is coming aer many years of public agitaons from the CIPPON, a regulatory body in charge of regulang the affairs of the enre print value chain in Nigeria on the need for INEC and other government agencies to involve the instute in the prinng and producon of ballot papers andotherelectoralmaterials.

Recalled that President Muhammed Buhari has signed the amended electoral act, adding that by assenng to the bill the burden on ballot papers will be relieved, which the

INEC Chairman, Professor Mahmood Yakubu has also pronounced those electoral materials will be printed locally, but CIPPON agitaons didn't stop because the pronouncement is not yet Uhuru unl it is officially announced today as INEC and CIPPON President – Mr. Olugbemi Malomo and some members of the council met INECfordiscussiononareasofcollaboraon.

The points agreed at the collaboraon meeng are; officially CIPPON cerficate is a criterion for geng jobs from INEC and the highest point was when the commission agreed to allow a window of communicaon saying “this is not just a one-me meeng, you may nowhave our details, please always come in to offer us advice and recommendaonsasyouwill”.Thecommissionstated.

This achievement for the chartered body is a reaffirmaon that all the agitaons of CIPPON are gradually yielding posive responses from the government agencies. Recently, at the print stakeholders conference during the 2022 edion of the Nigeria Internaonal Print Expo (NIPEX), CIPPON President, Mr. Malomo during his keynote address said “We are here today to take responsibility, we owe it to ourselves, our future our businesses' sustainability to make prinng profitable again in the face of a daily daunng challenge We can give up, some certainly will, and we can take responsibility to fight for the sustainabilityofourbusinesses.Ifyou'venoplacetogoand youarereadytoendurelloursituaonchanges,then“it'll takeavillagetodothat”Hestated.

He went further to state that “it takes a village to raise a child! So, our instute is saying to their face and not on our status, CIPPON indeed has what it takes to partner with INEC.Ifyouagreespreadthenewseverywherepossible!

The Independent Naonal Electoral Commission (INEC) has finally endorsed and approved a partnership with the Chartered Instute of Professional Printers of Nigeria (CIPPON) for the prinng and producon of the 2023 electoralmaterials.

TO ERADICATE QUACKS FROM PRINTING PROFESSION

The Chartered Instute of Professional Printers of Nigeria (CIPPON) recently co m m e n c e d t h e n a o nw i d e enumeraon and registraon exercise in the bid to eradicate nonprofessional printers from the Nigeria prinng sector and also to have stascs praconers in the s e c t o r f o r t h e g r o w t h a n d developmentoftheinstute.

Recently, CIPPON enumeraon team wasattheprinnghubinOgba Lagos State It was gathered that the naonwide registraon started in AbujawhichisnowmovedtoLagosas the commercial city of the country, the registraon movement was slated for each prinng hub in Lagos per day and the city has the widest and biggest prinng hub in Nigeria (Shomolu).

According to one of our respondents during the interview session with praconers at the enumeraon sites, he said that earlier before the registraon program commenced, outdoor publicity was executed all around Ogba prinng hub, from Yaya Abatan bus stop to Ogba juncon creang awareness about the ongoing printer's registraon at Ogba juncon in other to make the

registraonprocesseasier.

Our correspondence was able to meet and interview some professional printers at the event. The Vice Chairman of the Associaon of Prinng Praconers of Nigeria, Mr Prince Igwe, said: “CIPPON registraon is a federal thing and not under state operaon and government, so we are moving to the federal level now, no one can tell where you can be called to come and negoate for work, having a CIPPON cerficate of membership is going to be another advantage of geng the job. At mes I asked myself

what is the essence of me being a printer aer I have suffered many years going to school, graduated, and later end up as a printer and to the fact that printer is now an all-comers profession that novice can just enter the business without any form of restricon and that's why I don't respondtopeoplecomingtomyshop to find out how to do this and that instead of referring the customers to the professional printers, so it's seriouslyaffecngustoday

For instance; if you're not a licensed pharmacistyoucan'topenashopand if you do they'll seal it up. If the CIPPON can take that measure and have professional printers at least I will be proud of being a printer and anyone that want to work will be directed to the core professionals”. I have not really observed the new CIPPON execuves but the lile we have seen and heard recently; I can say they are bringing change to the industry and they're doing beer than the previous execuves” Igwe said

AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK,

AFRICAN CONTINENTAL FREE TRADE AREA SECRETARIAT,

SUPPORT GRANT AGREEMENT

The African Development B a n k G ro u p a n d t h e Secretariat of the African Connental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) have signed a Protocol of Agreement for an $11.24 million support package to enhance the S e c r e t a r i a t ' s e ff e c v e implementaon.

The signing took place on 25 July 2022, on the margins of the ninth meeng of the AfCFTA Council of Ministers responsible for trade, heldinAccra,Ghana.

The AfCFTA Secretariat, currently in phase II of its implementaon phase, will benefit from this support package, which aims to boost sustainable intra Africa trade and to augment the number of parcipang African member states. The funds are intended to move the African trade integraon agendaforward.

The grant, approved in July by the Board of Directors of the African Development Fund, will focus on t h re e a re a s : i n s t u o n a l strengthening of the AfCFTA

Secretariat; private sector support to implement the AfCFTA, and support of climate-resilient regional and connental value chains to boostintra-Africatrade.

In addion, studies and iniaves will be undertaken to idenfy new b u s i n e s s a n d e c o n o m i c opportunies for women, to help develop the AfCFTA Women and Youth in Trade Protocol, and to support capacity building and targetedbusinessskillsforwomen.

H E Wamkele Mene, Secretary General of the AfCFTA Secretariat signed the agreement on behalf of his organizaon, while African Development Group Bank Vice P r e s i d e n t f o r R e g i o n a l Development, Integraon and Business Delivery, Yacine Fal, signed on behalf of Dr. Akinwumi Adesina, p r e s i d e n t o f t h e A f r i c a n DevelopmentBankGroup.

Wamkele Mene said: “We welcome the support of the Bank as this is a clear indicaon of our strategic partnership that will strengthen the capacity of the Secretariat and facilitate the start of commercially meaningful trade under the AfCFTA

preferences. The COVID 19 pandemic and the current geopolical tensions have created an ethos of urgent collecve acon for the implementaon of the AfCFTA. We all have a shared responsibility to change the desnies of all Africans as we achieve the laudable objecve of theAfCFTA ”

“The African Development Bank is proud of the strong partnership with the AfCFTA Secretariat and confident that this instuonal support will help support our respecve mandates to spur greater connental trade and economic transformaon, in line with Agenda 2063's vision of the Africa we want,” Fal said. “Africa's hope for building back strong and beer lies with the successful implementaonoftheAfCTA.”

AFKAR PRINTING AND PUBLISHING BOSS SHARES COMPANY'S SUCCESS STORY

ne of the Great Britain

Os c h o l a rs , W i n sto n Churchill, in his quote: “Success is not final; failure is not fatal: It is the courage to connue that counts. This affinity can best describe the success story told by the Managing Director of Aar Prinng and publishing company Limited, Dr. Mrs. Adesola Falaiye during an interview session at her office.

Dr Adesola warmly took us through the memory lane of how the company started with a quality for service delivery as their company's driving force. “Aar is an internaonal company based in Nigeria. The idea for seng up AFKAR is to give people the quality with standard technology that they could get in other advanced countries of the world. When you ask people why they print their jobs overseas? Their response are usually that they cannot find that quality they want in Nigeria. Aar came in to fill that gap and so far, we have maintained that culture andstandard”

In addion, she added that, the idea was to have an expatriate at the helm of the company's affairs and that standard we have maintained ll date. Aar was a subsidiary of Vintage Press when w e sta r te d a n d w h e n w e rebranded to Aar itself with a Brish expatriate Alan Ballard, supported myself with other key management staff. I think they felt we could sll uphold the standard, the tradion, and the philosophy of the company. I want to believe that I represent the i n t e r n a o n a l b r a n d , t h e expatriate brand, and what we are looking for in an expatriate brand by God's grace they found it in us

and the tradion connues. She stated

“I am glad to inform you that the latest technology is what we will promote. We are planning to purchase another new Heidelberg equipment. The first machine that we brought here, we are shipping it to other places whilst we bring in a new machine for finishing. Aar is a one-stop shop. We try to give our clients everything they want we don'ttakejobsoutsideforpeopleto help us complete it. We try to be self-sufficient”.Dr.Falaiyestated

She went ahead to state that:

“A a r i s b l e s s e d w i t h t h e workforce, we have the bigger workforce, yes! There will always be Judas out of the twelve but I promise you we fish them out and they either refurbish, reconstruct them or they just go out of the way.

Because the Aar culture has a contaminang nature that when you arehere,you justabideinthat culture, you are eager, you are happily producing great things, things that people will say wow! Things happen in Nigeria and Aar is a representaon of the fact that Nigeria has what it takes to compete globally We do a lot with training because God has endowed us with knowledge and intellect in Aar, and somemes when we have to pay for training, we do but we don't train blindly, we train to specificaon, we don't employ blindly, we employ to specificaon, so if my cousin is looking for a job and he wants me to help I will say, I will employ him where he can fit into that vacancy, 'it's round peg in a round hole' becauseourreputaonmaers.

PRINTERS URGES SWIFT ACTION ON POWER SUPPLY REGULATION IN LAGOS

Printers across prinng hubs in Lagos have urged government to take a swi acon on the problem of epilepc power supply and to ensure its adequateregulaons.

A printer in the prinng area of Ogba,Mr.Joshua, chief execuve officer of fine print concept described the poor power situaoninthearea.

He said “it is unfortunate that I have to rely on a generator for running my business and with the high cost of diesel selling at 786/liter things have not been e a s y … I a m b e g g i n g E KO ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION

COMPANY(EKEDC)tocometoour rescue by finding soluon to this problem”

Another printing praconer at Shomolu prinng area in Lagos Mr. Israel, The Chief execuve officer, Best Choice print concept also added that “As someone who resides in Nigeria, I can categorically state that electricity supply in the country is abysmally poor. Unlike our neighbor in Ghana country, has celebrated years of uninterrupted power supply, never has such happenedinthehistoryofNigeria.

“This poor electricity supply has made it extremely difficult to run a print business in Nigeria, it's appalling that a country that calls itself 'giant of Africa is sll ravaged with the epilepc power and that is why print a major challenges with the sector and we rely heavily reliantonself-generatedpower”

Further more , he stated that a first

me visitor to Shomolu will be welcomed by a deafening noise f ro m ge n e rato rs s o u n d s everywhere.

He said added that power supply has cripple most businesses and also comes with environmental costs The constant use of generators that emits fumes into the atmosphere, increases air polluon which affects climate changeand human health.In turn, environmental damage can result in agricultural job losses, the rippleeffectsarecountless.

The Chartered Instute of Professional Printers of Nigeria (CIPPON), in collaboraon with the Federal Ministry of Industry Trade and Investment, Manufacturers Associaon of Nigeria (MAN), and the Lagos State Chambers of Commerce and Industry (LCCI) have announced the official date for the first Pulp and Paper Summit scheduled to hold from October 17 -19, 2022at the Abuja Sheratonhotel,Abuja.

In an official statement to the media, the instute stated that the essence of the summit is to bridge the gap in local pulp and paper producon in Nigeria, showcasetheviabilityofthepaper and pulp value chain, and also to create stakeholders in an all inclusive policy that will make growth and investment possible with the theme of the summit: Bridging The Gap In Local Pulp And PaperProduconinNigeria”

“The Nigerian Paper and Pulp

summit is set to change the narraves of import dependence and to showcase the potenal in the paper and pulp value chain as a viablecomplementto agriculturein terms of employment generaon, wealth creaon, and Naonal development”. The statement reads.

According to the release, the summit will serve as a point of convergence for stakeholders in Nigeria's paper and pulp value chain and fashion a holisc approach to understanding the challenges of the pulp and paper valuechain.

newpapermills”.

C I P P O N a d d e d : “ B e h i n d hundreds of commonly used paper products like board boxes, p a p e r b a g s , e n v e l o p e s , notebooks, the roll of toilet papers, diapers, newspapers, magazines or books, there are a whole chain of companies generang employment and wealth through the pulp and paper sector Nigeria imports an esmated 3 0 million metric tonnes of paper and pulp for its consumpon. This is cosng the naon over 3 billion dollars in value. Can Nigeria save this fund or a percentage of it? The statementinquired.

Manufacturers Associaon of N

ge

MAN

Lagos State Chambers of Commerce and Industry (LCCI), and others will be part of the soluon to our paper problems and also help the federal government reduce the pressure on dollars by recommendaons that will either help revamp our mills or give birth to investment in

CIPPON IN COLLABORATION WITH FEDERAL MINISTRY INDUSTRY TRADE AND INVESTMENT, MAN AND LCCI SET TO HOST FIRST NIGERIA INTERNATIONAL PULP AND PAPER SUMMIT 2022

PRINTERS COMPLAINT OVER HEAVY DEPENDENCE ON MATERIAL IMPORTATION

The potenal of Nigeria's prinng industry as a lucrave and profitable sector is being undermined by the heavyincreaseofproducon costs and the import dependent situaon of the sector among otherissues.

As a result, these limits the s i g n i fi c a n t i m p a c t a n d contribuon the industry could be makingtogrowtheeconomy.

This was gathered during a faceto face interview with printers

Lagos, where printers were able to speak out their mind about the challenges facing their businesses frommetome.

Tiamiyu Samad, chief execuve officer, concept print and synergy industry, said the industry is largely import dependent as 90% of the materials and machines used are sourcedfromabroad.

you need to clear the materials in Apapa is equivalent to the amount youboughtthematerials,”hesaid.

A u g u s n e R a p h a e l , c h i ef execuve officer, perfect impact print located at Ogba prinng hub also sh d more light on the heavy d e p e n d e n c e o n m a t e r i a l importaon affecng Nigeria prinngindustry.

around different prinng hubs in

“Mostoftheprinngmaterialsused areimportedfromforeigncountries especially China and when you finally gets to contribute money to purchase the materials or machine , you'll then realize that the money

“The importaon dependence is wo rs e n e d b y t h e c u r re nt exchange rate and has made it so difficult for businesses to bring in product easily“, he further said that paper mills in Nigeria are not funconing in full capacity and paper is a crucial part of producon.

Raphel went ahead to urged the g o v e r n m e n t t o p r i o r i ze resuscitang those moribund paper mills in Nigeria, which will t r e m e n d o u s l y r e d u c e dependence on importaon for producon acvies, Apapa clearing fee should also be considerate.

FG APPROVES ZERO IMPORT DUTIES FOR CIPPON LICENSED EQUIPMENT DEALERS

Federal Government of Nigeria has approved zero i m p o r t d u e s o n a l l imported prinng equipment into the country by the Chartered InstuteofProfessionalPrintersof Nigeria's (CIPPON) licensed prinngequipmentdealers.

The good news from the Chartered body – CIPPON came as a relief to the prinng equipment dealers, who yearningforthehighcostoftariffon import duty has caused the sky

rocking of equipment cost, thereby affecng the final cost of print producon.

This informaon was made available by the instute to equipment dealers on Printers' social media plaorms across the country In an official statement by the council secretary, Mr Akin Oduwole, he said: “CIPPON advocacy work has yielded a great result. All prinng equipment dealers that wish to benefit from these zero import dues should contact the secretariattoprocesstheirlicenses”.

Reacng to the news, the Chairman of Yaliam Press, Alhaji Yahaya Amfanisaid:“Greatjobandtheway to go CIPPON!!! Weldon to the president, Mr. Olugbemi Malomo, his execuves, and the enre council members, including those who worked to achieve these historic achievements. We are making progress despite some challenges we hope and pray to overcome soonest, united we stand to gain more from the federal and stategovernments”Hestated

Prinng isn't dying; its improving… this statement was made by Augusne Raphael, chief execuve officer of perfect impact print, ogba Lagos, in a recent interview stated that the volume of materials being printed isn't falling, it is actually rising. Half a century later, prinng is sll not on its way out, but its changing as digizaon is disrupng many print industries, including publishing, people now absorb their newspapers and booksonline.

He said further that, digital prinng is a 21st century technologyandprintoperatorsare invesng in digital infrastructure, such as servers and workstaons, because of the advantage over litho presses. More informaon is being converted and exchanged in

digital formats, such as email and online forms, which means the demands on printers are changing.

Big runs are giving ways to smaller ones and very small producon schedules are been demanded, awhich reduces the me vailable for offsiteprintfinishing.

"Top of the line is that digital prinng reduces print shop costs by up to 30%; that's more than the typicalmarginonmostjobs”

"Itincreasesjobspeedbyupto50%, so printers can respond more rapidlytocustomerrequirements”

"It is infinitely more flexible, crucial in achieving variable data outputs and, with finishing built in to digital printers, and it allows complete jobs to roll off one machine, in-house, with no addional handling required. Even though more

informaon is going digital, it doesn't mean less work for printers"

"So it is good to say that the emergence of digital resuscitates dying print business". However, the volume of output is connuing to grow substanally it just the type of job that is changing, with a demand for smaller individual jobs.

He then concluded that, digital prinng is the way to the futurenot because litho prinng is bad, but because the future demands flexibility, speed and lower costs, he also implores printers across Nigeria to always keep updated to thechangesinprintindustry.

'PRINTING ISN'T DYING; IT'S IMPROVING' SAYS AUGUSTINE RAPHAEL

“ASSPPON Ogba is the only print associaon recognized by Lagos state government, Mushin and Shomolu are not recognized” … this statement was made by Mr Sepkene Godfrey Ochiemen, the former Vice Chairman of the Associaon of Prinng Praconers of Nigeria, Ogba branch of the associaon during an interview session with the Printers Digest magazineattheCharteredInstuteof Professional Printers of Nigeria (CIPPON) Naonwide printers' enumeraon and registraon exerciseatOgbaareaofLagosState.

Sepkene commended CIPPON president, Mr. Olugbemi Malomo's lead administraon, and the council members for the exercise which he said came late but beer late than never.

Headded,“ifthey'vestartedearly,they would have been able to redefine the system and bring out the real professional printers, but it's beer late than never. We can see the present council impact, and the membership registraon exercise will help to tackle the challenges facing the prinng i n d u st r y t h e re by e ra d i ca n g nonprofessional printers from our sector More jobs will start come to the professionals as against what we currently have where everyone is a printerinNigeria,peoplewalkuptothe office and speak their normal language to get the job, I might do the job anyhow because of the paltry sum of money I'm going to collect for the job, I might do the job anyhow, so efficiency andqualitywillbelost”.

Sekpene went ahead to express his dissasfacon over the defunct CIPPON council that he paid for registraon and was never issued his cerficatetodate.

He also added that the CIPPON strategic compliance with the government to ensure that printers must present their license before any printer could be offered a job is a great idea for the industry, the reason is that the me will come for that license will be an avenue for them to access the enablement of prinng in Nigeria

because as at now they cannot really access the development and the equipment of prinng in Nigeria but whenthecoreprofessionalsareintoit now they'll be able to see prinng as a professionandasabusiness.

Advising the current CIPPON council, he encouraged them to put more effort and more commitment to the already great work they are doing. He said: “The Ogba branch of ASSPPON is a stakeholder in the Nigerian prinng industry. It is not Shomolu and Mushin as the majority claimed.

ASSPPON Ogba is the only print associaon that is recognized by the Lagos State government, and Mushin and Shomolu aren't recognized. We went through some processes to achieve this registraon, that's why Lagos state government can give our members loan close to 400,000 Naira”

“OGBA ASSPPON IS THE ONLY PRINT ASSOCIATION RECOGNIZED BY LAGOS STATE GOVERNMENT” ASSPPON 1ST VICE SAYS

IMPORTING WHAT NIGERIA CAN PRODUCE THREATENS ECONOMY – CUSTOMS

SKYSAT TECHNOLOGIES LAUNCHES NEW MODELS OF BROTHER INK TANK SERIES INTO THE NIGERIAN MARKET

Skysat Technologies, the sole representave of Konica Minolta and Brother office documentaon and labeling soluons in Nigeria, on Thursday launched its latest brand of printer Ink Tank printer series –Inkcredible with improved print speeds, cost efficiency, and mobile connecvity at Eko Hotel and Suites Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria.

In an opening speech, the Managing Director of Skysat Technologies Limited, Mr. Izzat Debs said: ” A few years ago, in conjuncon with Brother we i n t r o d u c e d t h e I n k Ta n k technology for printers into the Nigerian market, this concept is designed to lower prinng costs

and increase producvity without compromising the quality of your print. This iniave further increased the market share of Brother Printers in the office and homeprinterssectorinNigeria”.

“Today, we are set to blaze the trail

again with the official launching of the new Brother Ink Tank Printers series. The new Brother Ink Tank Printer uses a plug and play technology that makes it easy to install and use. It also makes prinng more cost-effecve and affordable. A major highlight of this product launch is to up-skill our merchandisers across Nigeria on to how to use and sell these new printers and other products in the stable of Brother This iniave will further equip our merchandisers and dealers to grow the market share of Brother productsinNigeria”Izzatstated.

Moreso, the Managing Director of Brother Internaonal Kennosuke Hirano described Brother printer as Japanese excellence for over 100 years. “Good for business, black colour comes out with a

superior quality print run, compact, reliable and affordable,” Hiranosaid.

During the presentaon at the launch, the Manager/sales director the Middle East and Africa Mohammed Noor stated that Brother is a market leader in the Ink tank printers and with this new line of the ink tank, he said: Our unique specificaons are unequal to other brands Incredible savings and trusted Design The wireless Brother DCP T420W Ink Tank Printer3-in-1featuresatransparent cover that allows for easy front access to the embedded ink tank. The user friendly design is engineered to minimise the risk of messandleakage.

The DCP-T420W is plug and play, you can use it straight out of the box without any driver installaon Connect the printer to your PC

wirelessly or with the USB cable included in the box. Print from anywhere with the built in Wi Fi, allowing your enre home or office to share one device effortlessly. He explained.

He added, “The wireless DCP-T420W Ink Tank Printer 3 in 1 has been designed to lower prinng costs and increase producvity without compromising the quality of your prints. Featuring a one-touch Copy Shortcut key, you can quickly access commonly-used copy funcons to save me and increase your producvity. Expand your print capabilies with the professional quality that yields crisp, clear text and vibrant graphics. Lower your cost per print with ultra high-yield ink boles with yields up to 7500 pages* black and5000pages*percolour

Brother's Ink Tank Printer Series features a transparent cover that allows for easy front access to the embedded ink tank. Our smart design features a new hands-free refill bole to enhance user experience to minimise the risk of mess and leakage.

Our Ink Tank printers offer unique colour enhancement designed to

opmise your colour prints with true to life colours Dye inks will provide you with sharp text prinng on standard paper as well as excellent photo print quality” Noor stated.

He went ahead to state that the brand payoff speaks for the brand –Brother at your side. “Yes, we believe in long live relaonships with our customers and we always place our customers first. Nigerians are smart business people, they should understand the profit is and that is why they should add one important feather to their cap and that important feather is the Brother Ink Tank printer Noor added.

Risa Hamatsuki, the deputy general manager of the planning division of Brother Internaonal in her presentaon at the launch spoke on the brand uniqueness and key Features as follows: Print, Copy, Scan, Wireless connecvity, Print speeds of up to 16/9 ipm (ISO), 150 Sheet paper input, Manual feed slot, LED display, Mobile and email print capable, iPrint&Scan for Desktop and Mobile, Free 5 year*/30,000 Page Carry in Warranty, this according to Hamatsuki stands the brand out amongothers.

TECHNOLOGY GLOBAL HOLDS FIRST MEET, DRINK AND DEMO OPEN HOUSE; RESUSCITATES DEAD HOPE AND POSSIBILITIES IN DTG PRINTING

Technology Global Services

Limited recently held its first series of open house tagged MDD - MEET, DRINK, and DEMO carnival at the company's head office in Alaka Estate, SurulereLagos,Nigeria.

The open house was spiced with several inspiraonal creave ideas displayed in the gallery to help revive the love for texle prinng through Direct-to-garment (DTG) and Direct-to-fabric (DTF) and the possibilies in creavity and profitability in the texle prinng businessinNigeria.

MEET, DRINK, and DEMO open

house was designed in quite an inspiraonal manner with different creave ideas of how the DTG and DTF can be used to create a beauful piece of art as seen on display, and this notwithstanding has set a pace for DTG and DTF prinng in Nigeria as a guest at the event during an interview session on the event revealed how inspired they were with the level of creavityshowcasedattheevent.

The similarity and differences between DTG and DTF were part of the highpoint of the showcase with expert advice on how to be profitable in the texle prinng businessinNigeria.

According to the Chief Execuve Officer of KSBC Internaonal Venture, Mrs. Emily Emodi, she said “the event is an interesng o n e , e y e o p e n i n g , n e w opportunies and it's me well spent. We have their equipment already, what we need from them is the configuraon to be able to do DTF and DTG and the other thing that one can do with DTG thatwasexplainedtoday”

In addion, she stated that texle prinng in Nigeria is quite interesng, and rewarding financially and the market is large because most of our people abroad like doing their thing here

because it's cheaper, so with that we earn money from them, some pay well and some don't. it's fine a n d t h e r e a r e a l o t o f opportunies in the texle market. Imporng right now is not easy, so I'm sure everybody is looking inward, to source materialslocally.

According to Mr. Akin Oduwole, the Managing Director of Technology Global limited and the convener of the event, he said:

and brought DTG to Nigeria a few years ago, and what we realized is that some people come in and go out of business. Their complaints are most me Dtg is not profitable but the truth is no DTG can be profitable if approached in the right way.

“Events for us is a way of giving back to the society and basically challenged with the kind of environment we are in where people don't take me to get enough educaon. I'm talking about educaon even in the informal way and many mes, what we see is that people don't getenougheducaon”

“This kind of open house is to educate, to bring the best out of every situaon we can see, parcularly for DTG. We iniated

Here's a generaon Z, and they're the generaon who drive DTG prinng, they have brands, when I was in the university and my mother's health started failing, I could remember telling her that she shouldn't bother about me, and then I did start hustling, in our own me I'll write programs and make money from it because I was studying a lot of things that have to do with technology, so I write programs and sell to people and we were hustling in school and making money and obviously, these guys a r e a l s o d o i n g t h a t b u t unfortunately, they're not in school, I mean ASUU has been on strike, it's not polical but am just trying to make a point, so they're not in school, they're geng more and more creave to be able to survive, some of them have created brands and you'll be amazed that they're selling products abroad, so if DTG is working in abroad why won't it workshere”Hestated.

He said further that “this event is the cumulave work we've done in the past on why is it not succeeding here and succeeding over there, and then we've taken a lot of case study and with that, we've brought in here a gallery, for instance, we have a gallery of EJIMA that speaks about twin, so we can actually print DTG/DTF and it's a case of beauty in the eyes of the beholder, one comes out glossy another comes out mae, which some people may

prefer DTG and some may prefer DTF, really there's no different, you can expand the augment of business you're doing by creang opons with your DTG and people didn't know this before, so you can have a DTG that can print both D T G , D T F t h e y h a v e t h e advantages, although every technology has advantages and disadvantages, for example, DTF is cheaper so if a customer comes to me and say he can't do the work because it's expensive, there's a possible opon of the cheaper one(DTF)”

“We also use the sports market, for instance, 'ALEX' here is a basketballer and this can also be any sport, by the way, sport is a big market we've underesmated, so we're saying that people can now print on polyester using DTG and how can it be done, we say ask the expert, that's why we are here so thatwecanshowyouhowtodoit. Let us take schools' inter-house sports for instance, and you know everyschoolprintsforinter-house sports, so you can just meet the students and ask them what club they are in, so you can print a T shirt that looks like MAN-U, and it movates the guys and they become more interested in sport, that's the way to do it in this business”Oduwoleemphasized

Moreso, he said: “I think people coming in here can pick up these lile creave ideas, merge it together into their business to reformtheirbusinessandmakesit more profitable DTG can be profitable, I know companies abroad who just have a DTG machine and they make a living outofit.Sothat'swhatwewantto diffuseheretoday

DCS INTEGRATED MEDIA REINVENT INTO A WHOLESOME MEDIA COMPANY

It was a triple celebraon as DCS Integrated Media limited, a leading media, markeng, e v e n t m a n a g e m e n t a n d consulng firm in the Nigeria prinng sector reinvent into a wholesome Media, Markeng a n d Ev e n t s m a n a g e m e n t company, to service the enre sectoroftheeconomy.

T h e r e c e n t l y c e l e b r a t e d reinvenon ceremony at Lagos Sheraton Hotel, tagged Reimagined and Reinvented had the unveiling of the company's flagship Printers Digest Magazine 100th edion alongside a business luncheon for the Managing Directors and Chief Execuve Officers of companies in Nigeria.

the standard of prinng business in Nigeria. Since then, we have been responsible for supporng many print businesses to create awareness and grow their market share and business in the Nigeria prinng industry.Goingforward,we have decided to leverage on the extensive experience we have gained in providing media relaons services through our publicaons like Printers Digest and markeng communicaons events like NIPEX by reinvenng our business to a wholesome media relaons, markeng and events management company

exhibion and our services will now also be extended to all s e c t o r s o f t h e l o c a l a n d internaonal community” Mr Obokhaistated.

The guest speaker at the Business Luncheon tled: Reinvenng your business for profitability, Dr. Dolapo Tukuru the Chief Execuve Officer of Eduxtra Soluons Limited, said most business owners don't have the capability to use data to their advantage and that is a big problem. Tukuru said: “We need to start thinking about how to use data to our advantage as business exe c u v e s , a ny c o m p a ny designed for success must innovate.

Most companies are afraid of making mistakes, most businesses we have today was born out of scarcity mindset, what we have today is abundance of mindset. I remember when growing up, every Christmas we go for exposure and we are very careful with every picture we take as it is minus one but today, you can take as many pictures as possible and upload all on Instagram without restricon on the number of pictures you can post – that is abundantmindset”.Hesaid.

According to the Chief Execuve Officer and Managing Director of the company, Mr. Tunde Obokhai in his opening speech said: “For more than two decades we have been providing innovave markeng and management consultancy soluons for upliing

We shall be offering a full suite of cung edge services which will include publicaons, brand awareness, print, digital, social media, public relaons, and media and communicaons training ser vices, corporate events management, product launches,

Tukuru added: “Many of us wants to innovate but there is culture that resist innovaon, as a maer of fact, nobody pays anyone for innovang, but they pay people for their jobs. Nobody wants to disrupt their own growth. We are going to be reinvenng ourselves for profitability. We are busy with operaons without pung me out for strategic frameworks to innovate. Most business find it

difficult to transform, if we don't transform or reinvent, how do we make progress in our business?” Heinquired.

The Chairman of the advisory board of DCS Integrated Media Limited, Dr. Romi Oladele during his speech assured the company of his team unwavering support, he said: “We are going to build synergy, draw acon plan, create linkages and also influence role assignmentastheadvisoryboardofthecompany”.

Furthermore, the president of the Chartered Instute

of Professional Printers of Nigeria (CIPPON), Mr. Olugbemi Malomo at the luncheon called on his colleagues to support the company in their line of business, he said: “Let us celebrate our own. DCS Integrated Media have laid a good foundaon of pioneering in this industry and a lot of people have benefited from what we do in the Nigeria prinng industry through this company locally and at the internaonalscene”.

PHOTO SPLASH OF THE EVENT

The Nigeria printing industry is one of the less recognized but lucrative industries within the Nigerian economy.Oneofthebigreasonfor

this non recognion is the increasing growth of SMEs(small and medium-sized enterprises) and the amount of compeon between exisng brands, the

upcoming ones and the relavely new brands. This compeon has spurred the need for producers and marketers to bale for the aenon of both potenal and exisng consumers to growtheir brandequityinthemarket.

In the face of the dwindling oil fortunes, the prinng industry is one of the industry the Nigerian government should look into, by way of providing financial capital through loans and grants. My take on this is that the commercial prinng industry is one of the largest informal sectors employing millionsof youths and one of the largest employers of labors in Nigeria.

However, the quest for the colossal look to the emergence of various prinng hubs in Nigeria brings about this queson:

Aside Shomolu and Mushin, Lagosthatarelargelyrecognized as the two foremost commercial prinng hubs in Nigeria, are there any other within Lagos andoutside?

According to research carried out, it's of no doubt, both Shomolu and Mushin are two p o p u l a r l y r e c o g n i z e d commercial prinng hubs in Lagos , perhaps, the whole of Nigeria. While Shomolu is known to harbor clusters of commercial prinng specialists

A COLOSSAL LOOK AT THE EMERGENCE OF THE VARIOUS PRINTING HUBS IN NIGERIA AND ITS EFFECT ON CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA PRINTING INDUSTRY

than anywhere else in the country, Mushin is the home for prinng materials and consumables. Aside Shomolu and Mushin, we have other fast-growing commercial prinng hub in Ogba, Yabba and ijaiye ojokoro area, Lagos. Outside Lagos we have a popular commercial prinng hub somewhere in Mokola Ibadan ,also area in Ogun state, FCT Abuja and in Benin city, Edo state With this, I can tell you categorically that Shomolu is the home of commercial prinnginwestAfrica.

TheemergenceofAbujaprinnghub

A prinng community has gradually evolved at Area 7 over the last few decades. The area, popularly known as UTC (United Training Company),actually derived its nicknamefromthehistoryoftheprinnghub. It was gathered that the chairman of the printer's associaon, Mr Gabriel Adediji gives a detailed explanaon of the emergence of Abuja prinng hub, he said when the government built a large space with roofs and began construcng shops, the vision was for a trading spot where a day to day food items would be sold , but certain factors influenced the dominaon of the complex by printers , he said from the 1990s, the united trading company, popular in places like Ibadan and Lagos, were also in the complexbutwhentheyle,people never stopped calling the complex and indeed the whole area 'UTC' butitsoriginalnameiszone7shoppingcomplex.

Hesaidfurtherthat,“themarkethadbeenexisngfor long but it was not known that much unl printers came and dominated it. It began to be known as a place for printers as far back as 1998,1999, when they startedopeningshopshere.Thereweresomeskeletal prinng being done before the me, but from 1998 it becameknownasahubforprinters.

Emergenceofmokola,Ibadanprinnghub

Ibadan the capital of Oyo state, generally known as the largest city in Nigeria and west Africa with Ibadan north as one of its 33 local government areas. Ibadan

north local government is endowed with a very large populaon and has a lot of potenals for industrial concerns.

Mokola prinng hubs is distributed in a clustered manner over the area, as almost every building on Mokola hill has at least a prinng press in it as observed. The three most important locaon factors that necessitates the emergence of Mokola prinng hub are: accessibility, nearness to market and available of land or premises. Meanwhile, prinng industry in Mokola area is grossly faced with the problemofpoorelectricitysupply

It was also gathered that some specific factors were idenfied as having influence on the locaon prinng

press in Mokola area. These factors include nearness to sources of raw materials; it was gathered that majority of the printers in Mokola area obtain their raw materials from Mokola, Oke ado and Ogunpa areas of Ibadan. These locaons are all close to the locaonofp prinng industries in Mokola area. The highest number of kilometers travelled in the bid to obtain raw materials for the producon process is about(3) kilometers The raw materials obtained include paper, ink, toner, chase, kerosene, diesel and petrol.

FirstinnovaonhubinAbeokuta,Ogunstate Grazac technology limited, one of the leading soware companies in Ogun state has launched the first innovaon hub in Abeokuta, the state capital.

Creave's, entrepreneurs, strategic thinkers and tech enthusiasts converged on the located along Sam Ewang Estate road during the official launch on Friday,November132021.

Chairman, ogun state prinng c o r p o ra o n , s o l a o t e s i l e highlighted the effect, impact and importance of the emergence of this hub on capacity development in the state prinng industry and Nigeria prinng industry at large, as a source of employment opportunies for the youth especially in an era where white collar jobs are gradually becoming vague.

Reportorial visit to somolu, Nigeria'sbiggestprinnghub

S O M O LU i n s o m o l u l o c a l government area of Lagos state is unarguably the hub of the commercial prinng in Nigeria with the thousands of commercial prinng presses both small and medium scales dong the length and breadth of this bursng business community although her posion in Africa and indeed the world as bone of the leading enclaves of prinng business

remains a subject of debate, not a few stakeholders in the Nigeria prinng industry are of the opinion t h a t s o m o l u c o m m a n d s a respectable posion in league of leading prinng communies not onlyi9nAfricabutalsointheworld.

Possible effect of the emergence of various prinng hub on capacity development in Nigeria prinng industry

The concept of printers coming together to dominate a parcular area, strictly meant for printers and comprising shops where various prinng related acvies are carried out (hub),thus has a great impact and effect on resolung the failure of Nigeria prinng industry by establishing uniformity and enabling prinng industry to be relevant as other industries in Nigeria.

However, the emergence of various prinng industry both old and different newly discovered prinng hubs in Nigeria is one way or the other prevenng one of the major short-comings that is making the prinng industry to be very

irrelevant in Nigeria which is that the praconers failed to come together as a unified associaon. All we have are disjointed associaon scaered all over have failed to the country we know that building a strong instuon is thepanaceatovirileindustry

An aempt to do this was the struggle to have a chaered body which came to an existence in 2007 This instuon was bedeviled by internal crisis from the onset orchestrated by 'NIGERIAN FACTOR' that never wanted the industry to be regulated The instute aer 15years of existence cannot be called an instute but mere associaon been managed through whims and caprices of s e l e c te d a n d a d va nta ge d entrepreneurswhoareengagedin prinng business but most of t h e m a r e f r o m d i ff e r e n t professions without further trainings in prinng technology and management This simple factor is the cause of premature windingofprinngestablishment

DTG CAN BE PROFITABLE, IF APPROACH IN THE RIGHT WAY

-Akin Oduwole

Mr. Akin Oduwole, the Managing Director of Technology Global limitedhasrevealedandshedlight on the appropriate ways to approach DTG to be profitable in Nigeria.

He made it known in an interview session with our correspondence th on the 30 of august 2022 at Technology Global MEET, DRINK ANDDEMOOpenhousecarnival.

An excerpt from a face to face interviewwithTechnologyGlogal Boss,Mr.AkinOduwole

Q: As the convener of this event, telluswhatyouhadinmindwhen youputthistogether?

A: event for us is a way of paying back to the society and basically c h a l l e n g e t o t h e k i n d o f environment we are is that people don't take me to get enough educaon, formal educaon in this aspect is not just it, I'm talking about educaon even in the informal way and many mes, what we see is that people don't get enougheducaon.

This kind of open house is to educate, to bring the best out of every situaon that we can see, and parcularly for DTG, if you could remember, we iniated and brought DTG to Nigeria few years back, about 7/8 years ago and what werealizeisthatsomepeoplecome in and go out of the business and the complaint most of the me is

'oh it's not making money' no DTG can make money but we don't approach it the same way we approach a convenonal offset prinng for example, we have to approach it differently, there's a generaon aer the Gen Z and they're the generaon who drive DTG prinng, they have brands, when I was in the university and my mom cell beginning to fail, I could remember telling my mom that she shouldn't bothers about me and then I did started hustling, in our own me I'll write programs andmakemoneyfromit,becauseI was studying a lot of thing that has to do with tech, so I write programs and sell to people, so we were hustling in school and making money and obviously this guys are also doing that but

unfortunately they're not in school, I mean ASUU has been on strike, it's not polical but am just trying to make a point, so they're not in school, they've idle me, they're geng more and more creave to be able to survive, some of them have created brands and you'll be amaze that they're selling products abroad, so if DTG is working in abroad why won't it works here, this event is the cumulave work we've done in the past on why is it not succeeding here and succeeding over there, and then we've taken a lot of case study and with that we've brought in here a gallery, for instance we've a gallery of EJIMA that speaks about twin, so we can actually print DTG/DTF and it's a case of beauty in the eye of the builder, one comes out glossy another comes out mae, which some people may prefer DTG and some may prefer DTF, really there's no different, you can expand the augment of business you're doing by creang opons with your DTG and people didn't know this before, so you can have a DTG that can print both DTG,DTF they've the advantages, although every technology has advantages and disadvantages, for example DTF is cheaper so if a customer comes to me and say he can't do the work because it's expensive, there's a possible oponofthecheaperone(DTF).

We also use the sport market, for instance 'ALEX' here is a basketballer and this can also be any sport, by the way sport is a big market we've underesmate, so we're saying that people can now print on polyester using DTG and how can it be done, we say ask the expert, that's why we are here so that we can show

you how to do it and go out there and this to schools for inter-house sports and you know every school print for inter-house sport, so you can just meet the students and ask them which club are you, you know all those lile kids knows about sports too especially football and he says I'm a Manchester united fan by the way MAN U for life, so you can print a t-shirt that looks like man-u own, it movates the guys and they become more interested in sport, that's the way to do it.

We can create this business it's like a poll markeng, we've to poll the business in ourselves, we don't just keepwaingthatthere'snobusiness,we'vetouseour creavity to bring in business and creavity is what 'DADA' is showing us, DADA here is that guy with dreadlocks, gied guys, I have a lot of them as friend, they're very healthy and strong, trying to use DADA to communicate that everyone that tends to use DTG mustmakesuretheyengagethecreavity.

DADA is a musician at some point, he also does painng and he has moved from using his hand to using DTG, all drawings shown are done with DTG, especially the 60x70 which is a big size and this is a new DTG that is out from bollyprint we called it the NA series, its already been used in Europe we just want to wait and see how it works in Europe before we introduceithere.

The best of it is the OGEDENGBE family, where the husband is a Warri man and the wife is a Lagosian, everything they wore is DTG printed and it is more than t-shirt prinng. I think people coming in here can pick up these lile creave ideas, merge it together into their business to reform their business and makes it more profitable. DTG can be profitable, I know companies abroad who just have a DTG machine and they make a living out of it. So that's what we want to diffuse here, that feelings that DTG is not profitable, of courseitisprofitable,it'sthewayweapproachit,have chaed with few people who have come here today and I could see those people are very inspired, this is just the beginning of the series we've a lot more of MEET,DRINK AND DEMO where we'll be showing other things, other businesses, as you know prinng is so wide we've to take it in segment and we see how it goes.

A: we've polyprint shortee, we've a shortee and at the back of it is echo, echo is A2 size, shortee is A3 size, if

Q:canyoutalkaboutthemachinesyou'vehere,their namesandwhattheycando?

you're buying this brand new today, we've echo2 and shorrty2 , so we've all that but if you look into the video up there that's the new model of the Nseries, it's beer vibrancy, faster machine, cause I heard a lot of people complaining about the speed of the current machine, they've to wait while they print, the idea of this is for you to start so that you don't start and lose money, you start and grow the volume, so the new machine is to pump up your volume, some people who had thismachineforawhilecanaswell move up to the next volume instead of buying a second machine, you can buy a bigger machine that is faster and more vibrant by the way that machine is purely a polyprint machine and people ask us why do we work with polyprint, it is because they focus on DTG prinng, nothing else.

Nowthey have a machine that was built from scratch by them, in the past they get some parts from others to build theirs but this is totally built by polyprint because of the years of experience they've hadinpolyprint.WiththisIbelieve the sky is the limit for texle prinng.

Q: which country is the machine

manufacturedfrom?

A:polyprintisfromGreece

Q:whyGreece?

A: if you knowthe history of Greece, you'll know that Greece is the home of texle prinng and if you understand the way we operate here, we want equipment that will work in Nigeria because it's not all equipment that'll work, in choosing which DTG to go for, we did a lot of research even had to go to Greece and we discover that this guys are not doing anything else than DTG, we can see that they're focused, that is why even during pandemic and all we sll see polyprint producing a new machine and gengitintoanewrelaonship.

Now they've ink of their own which means that cost of ink could come down and it can only get beer, this iswhywechoosepolyprint.

Working with them for about 8 years now you can call up this people anyme and they'll respond, and for us support is always key because this is our own selling point, everybody knows us for good aer sales support, any supplier we're working with too, once we can get good support from them too, we're always sasfied, so polyprintisthewaytogo.

Q:withthisexchangeratehowdo you manage to import this machine?

A: this is a discussion I just had with one of the people who came and she's trying to complain that exchange rate is rising, let me shock you, it'll keeps going up because we produce nothing, we're totally export depending country Our earnings are from oil and as it is we don't have refinery, we take our crude oil out and use this expensive FOREX to buy in product as long as that is in place there's no soluon to the high exchange rate, it'll keep going up and again once exchange rate goes up the price of everything will also high, so the inflaon we can'tdoanythingaboutorIshould putitintwodifferentways.

One is to leave everything and fold and our hands and wait which at the end of the way to me looks wretched or the other is to start taking baby steps with the hope that by the next elecon we'll get new set of leaders who will move things in a direcon that could favors the country and in the main me what I think we should do is to take the baby step and that's thewaytogo.

People asked me the right me to invest, I say this is the right me to invest if you've money, because at some point in me things will normalize, when it normalizes, you're already on ground, you've gone through the learning core and then you can start making money.

So, exchange rate is a big problem, it's not enough for us to stop everything and that's my honest feelings.

THE NIGERIAN PRINTING PRACTITIONERS FASHION SENSE

Thereisageneralsayingthat “you are what you wear” … yes, the type of clothes you wear and the kind of fashion accessories you use to either jazz them up or tone them down says a lotaboutwhoyouare,whereyou're from, what you do, how you feel about what you're doing and how youfeelaboutyourselfandothers.

In fact, fashion scholars Mary Ellen Roach and Joanne Eicher, findoutthatdressisoneofthemain ways we send social signals why because“whatwewearshowsour identity”

However,fashioninprintingworld is inevitable due to the emergence ofdigitalprintingwhichhastaking over fashion world by storm over years,printingisstillpickingupas a major trend in the fashion arena and increasing the number of designers using the technique to valueaddtheirs.

DIGITAL PRINTING TAKING FASHIONWORLDBYSTORM

Itwasdiscoveredthroughresearch carried out that digital fabric printing is probably the greatest stinnovation of 21 century fashion which has surfaces Nigeria printing hub, so in this sense printing practitioners could be regard asa designer. The printing revolution means mean that that the textiles print isn't just the new big thing, but is becoming more important and more recognizable than the logo in the branding of fashion companies -whether it is Prada,GucciorlouisVuitton.This

fashion season has seen a resurgence of digital printson the ramps and on the shelves of fast fashion retailers In facts, digital prints are the biggest and most widely used technology today in all collecons.

NIGERIA PRINTING PRACTITIONERS DRESSCODEATWORKPLACE

Workplaces tradionally used dress codes (whether a uniform or just a set of clothing guild lines) to create professional atmosphere and even the playing field for all employees. Over me though, the casual dress code has increased in popularity than business casual dress code and other dress codes, as it is commonly seen in all

prinng hub visited especially in Lagos and this dress code situaon has raised the queson – does it maer what printers wears to work?

We've done some research into the differences between dress codes, whether they affect printers' performances or how they're seen in the workplace and wherethey'reheaded.

We decided to split workplace dress codes into four disnct categories (casual, business casual, business and designer) to make them easier to compare and to clarify if Nigeria prinng praconers casual dress code at workplace is in the best fashion sense and most suitable for the business.

Casual dress code: A casual dress code normally means that there's lile to no actual code in place and is generally considered less formal than business casual which usually leads employees wearing jeans,t shirts,andrunningshoes' h i s is becoming more popular with about 90% of printworkers in Lagos saying they no longer have a formaluniform.

Effect of casual dress code on Nigeria print workers: In prinng industry as a creave industry this style of clothing is typical to enhance creavity, comfortability and a more relaxed style that offers more freedom than a business casual dress code as the nature of the work implies; a printer who works with several coloring and prinng machine isn't expected to dress up in an uncomfortable are or an expensive are which may get spoiled easily with a mistaken splash of color or get stained with the acidic chemicals used for prinng.

Effectsofbusinesscasualdresscode on Nigeria print workers: Business casual is a term that creates a lot of confusion due to its ambiguity. Typical business casual are includes a buon-down shirt and jean or equivalent and dress or p r o f e s s i o n a l b l o u s e w i t h jeans/trousers for women, business casual and casual dress code has similareffectsonprintsworker

Effect of business dress code on print workers: this dress code has once been the only dress code that maered, business dress is now surprisingly rare in prinng workplace why because it has to do with wearing of suit for work daily which is very less comfortable for printworkers.

Effect of designer dress code on

outdoor appearance I: e business dress code or business casual dress code(wearing of suits, decent blazers, polo shirts with pressed khaki pants or complete nave are).jeans,t shirts,shirts without collars and wearing of clothes with expleve language, statements or clothing that promotes causes which includes but are not limited to polics, religion,sex,race,age,genderand ethnicity are not appropriate for printers in and outside the workplace.

If we're to believe the adage that says “dress for the job you want, not for the job you have “this means good fashion sense enables printers to project good professional image of the industry itself both to the exisng clients andtheglobalcommunity. Records and pictures of notable Nigeria prinng praconers at several occasions like (CIPPON inducon program and NIPEX) posted online speaks a lot about their fashion decency and appearance formality which illustratetheirhighleveloffashion sense

print workers: designer dress code is the rarest of the categories. designers clothing is not oen seen in prinng workplace, and when it is, it is usually confined to those in the managerial posion that are not close to print producon. As we all know that designer clothing depends a lot on personal wealth and if such expensive wears got damaged at work it will be a great loss.

NIGERIA PRINTING PRACTITIONERS DRESSCODEOUTSIDEWORKPLACE

Prinng praconers outside the workplace should be seen like other formal business enterprises…now, a decent dress code is needed for

One of the notable prinng praconers in Nigeria Mr. sola Otesile also the chairman, Ogun state prinng corporaon board was spoed in a complete white nave areat CIPPON inducon program where he was inducted as a full member of the instute. Many other notable professional printers were present the occasion including the CIPPON president, Mr. Olugbemi Malomo inacorporatesuitare. In conclusion, growing and already established prinng praconers are hereby implore to learn from the successful printer's fashion sense both in the workplaceandoutside.

HEALTH PECULIAR TO OPERATORS IN SOMOLU AND IT'S PREVENTIVE MEASURE thehighestrate

This arcle is concentrated on knowledge relatedtohealthcondionofoperatorsinprint society, distribuon of knowledge relevant to health and well being of operators in print environment.

All modern concept of health recognizes health as more than the absence of disease, implying a maximum capacity of the individual for self realizaon and self fulfillment. This should equilibrate the human inner forces and possibilies with the feeling of pleasure or dissasfacon in their relaons with the environment. Social medicine and public health approach to health advocate that we should not only observe the health of the individuals in print industries especially the operators, but also the health of the groups and the community(prinng hubs), as a result of the interacon of the individuals withtheprintenvironment.

DEFINITION OF HEALTH BY THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION

The modern understanding of health became official when the World Health Organizaon (WHO),at the me of its establishment in 1948,included the definion of health in its constuon The definion was proposed by Dr Andrija Stamper, a prominent scholar from Croaa in the field of social health and public health and one of the founder of WHO This generally accepted definion states that "health is a state of complete physical, mental, environmental and social wellbeing and not merely absence of diseaseorinfirmity".This definion promotedforthe first me that, in addion to physical and mental health, social welfare is an integral component of the overall health, because health is closely linked to the socialenvironment,livingandworking condions.

DERMATITIS AS A MAJOR HEALTH ISSUE PECULIAR TOOPERATORSINSOMOLUPRINTINGHUBS

Dermas is a general term for condions that cause inflammaon of the skin. Examples include atopic dermas (eczema), contact dermas and seborrhea dermas (dandruff). These condions cause red rashes, dry skin and itchiness among other symptoms.

However, In a research made and reportorial visitaon to somolu prinng hubs ,it was discovered and gathered that about 80% of prinng operators in somolu prinng hubs has been infected with several dermas skin condions with which atopic dermas (eczema) and seborrhea dermas has

Print workers using chemicals in somolu risk developing dermas mainly on fingers and webs between fingers. Prinng press workers are parcularly affected on t6he back of hands as well as wrists,forearmsandelbows.

The most common work related substances used in prinng which generally aggravates skin condions are:

*Wash-upsoluons; *inksandcleaningsolvents;

*UVvarnishesandinks;

*developers,thinnerandhandcleansers.

Prinng processes with a parcularly high occurrence ofskinproblemsasseeninsomoluare:

*platemaking

*correconoflithorollers(highriskacvity)

*solventuse

*UVcuredinkuse

*materialscontainingisocyanates

*cleaning of litho rollers and cylinders (highriskacvity)

*guilloningandpressroomchemicalhandling

Prevenvemeasuresfordermas

The below are what print operators need to do to preventdermas;

Avoid contact with materials that cause dermas,thismeans that operate should avoid unprotected contact with the aforemenoned substances/materialsthatcausesdermas

- Employers should make provision for materials needed to protect the skin like hand gloves, moisturisingcreamandtraining

- operators should always check for early sign and symptoms of dermas I:e operators should look for signs of dryness,itching,redness and report any symptomstoyouremployer

PAPER PACKAGING IS ELEGANTLY REPLACING PLASTIC IN AFRICA

Africa paper and pulp's concept of a circular economy is becoming more popular and inving more African countries to meet the world measures in reducing and controlling the waste of plasc materialsinAfrica.

“Itisabigconcernwhathappens to the plasc produced and used in Africa and how to manage their harmful effect on the nature and environment of this hugeconnent”

Itwasgatheredinanarcleposted online by African paper and pulp that Plasc is a complex, synthec material made from rearranging naturally-occurring polymers. The resulngproduct, whichispresent in many of the products that are daily consumed, is a durable, light weight material that takes 100 years to decompose wherever

they are thrown; in landfills, on the coastorintheocean.

It was also wrien in the arcle that Most of the East African countries, like Rwanda, Tanzania and Kenya, have taken the decision to reduce the damage on the environment from the use of the polythene and polypropylene

plasc bags trashed in billions every year on their coast and in urbanareas.

“ I n K e n y a , f o r e x a m p l e , manufacturing, imporng or trading in plasc bags is not allowed anymore.It could be considered a crime that can lead to a four year jail sentence or

companies are fined, in case they break the law and rulesimposed.Onaconsumerlevel,usingplascbags could cost a fine and/or a year in jail.In fact, this strict law which was enforced three years ago, end of 2017, was considered as the most punive government stanceonsingle-useplascbagsintheworld”

There is no doubt now that this yielded in tangible results, one of which was less plasc bags being discovered in the bellies of cows slaughtered in abaoirs in Kenya's urban areas. As menoned by the NaonalEnvironmentAgency,almosthalfofthecows slaughtered in urban areas had plasc bags in their stomachs, due to the fact that they were grazing in areas polluted by plasc bags that are randomly disposedeveryyearinKenya.

“In Nigeria, the government is trying to impose the ban on plasc bag use since many years. The aempts to vote for the law that will ban the manufacture and use of plasc in Nigeria passed its second reading in the Senate. In the event of a ban, it will not be unlike the situaon with Lagos' transport sector where law enforcement is usually only then followed by measures to ameliorate any destabilizaon that arises”

“In Uganda, few years back, the government of Uganda announced its intenon to impose strict rules in order to reduce the plasc bags usage and to minimize its impact on environment. At that me, when rumors of an outright ban on the use of plasc bags grew louder most of the people considered that asunachievableandothersweretryingtounderstand theimpactontheirdailylife”

Apparently, things moved in the right direcons and some of the entrepreneurs were already looking forward to the life aer plasc bags and started

manufacturing paper bags. In Uganda, most of the plasc bags used in the market are about to be replacedbypaperbags. Also, Africa paper and pulp body then explain the other side of paper packaging as an alternave “One of the measures to take by local authories is to push investors to pull out or completely cut off funding if they do not switch to sustainable paper packaging. It is no doubt, that this is a step in the right direcon, it is also believed that the government needs to put sufficient measures in place to ensure that when the switch happens, and be sure that there are enough companies and resources locally in order to have a smootheffectofswitching.

“The water scarcity and lack of raw materials is amongtheconstraintsthatcanslowdowntheshito the paper-based packaging material. As an example, a single sheet of paper requires between five to 10 litres of water to produce. Being in Africa, we are not menoning about the sustainability in the raw material supply starng from the process of cung and cooking the trees that are used to produce the pulp; this is limited to a very few pulp mills that may exist in the region. But on a global level, this has to be considered and moreover take into account the amount of carbon emission that the producon processresultsin.

“Many companies in Nigeria started to explore the potenal for a change in packaging material that can be based on paper and cardboard instead of plascbasedmaterial.Amongothers,isthePaperPackaging Company which already tried to increase its capacity but is facing the shortage in raw material due to unavailability of supplies from local paper mills. So far, this company has been able to replace over 12 million plasc packaging with its wide paper packagingrangeofproducts. Inconclusion,thearclewascomplementedwiththe glimpse to future on paper packaging replacing plasc.

“It is believed that even if the industry is ready for a switch from plasc to paper packaging, there are always the threats from internal and external pressures that have be faced in order for any law to take effect. Now, with countries like Rwanda and Kenya successfully enforcing bans and as an economic hub on the east side of the connent, paper packaging become a safer alternave comparedtoplasc”

“On the other hand, paper producon and sourcing packaging paper with acceptable quality is more complex than providing plascs in some of the counes in Africa”

IMF RANKS NIGERIA 11TH COUNTRY WITH HIGHEST PRIVATE SAVINGS IN AFRICA

The Internaonal Monetary Fund (IMF) has ranked Nigeria as the 11th country with the highest private savings in sub Saharan Africa (SSA) region, placing Angola on the number one spot.

The rang was contained in a new IMF working paper caponed “Private Savings and COVID-19 in S u b S a h a r a n A f r i c a . ” According to the report, private savings in Nigeria increased from about 19 per cent in 2019 to about 24percentin2022.

Savings, it noted, were the most important source of financing for Nigerian households' survival during COVID 19, followed by loans, goodwill, and working. The paper re-examined the main private savings determinants in Africa, followed by an analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic impact on private savings in the region and

other country groupings. Using an unbalanced panel data from 1983−2021 for 31 SSA economies, the paper found that real per capita economic growth remains a key historical determinant of private savingsintheregion.

In contrast with other regions, private saving rates have not increased during COVID-19 in SSA The report stated: “Instead, COVID19 deaths in our esmaons are significantlyassociatedwithadecline in private savings in SSA. Robustness checks and a descripve analysis of household surveys during the pandemiccorroboratethoseresults.”

Overall, the IMF stated that private saving rate in SSA increased during the last two decades to an average rate of 17.3 per cent in 2019 from 11.5percentin1983.

Angola occupies the first slot, accounng for the largest private

savings in SSA with about 55 per cent while Gabon and Congo came second and third with 42 per cent and41percentrespecvely

“Private saving rates, as expected, are parcularly low in fragile states and low income countries (LICs) “The private saving rate in SSA has increased during the last two decades to an average rate of 17.3 per cent in 2019 from 11.5 per cent in1983.

“However, there is significant heterogeneity across the SSA countries. Oil exporters and middleincomecountries

“MICs (Middle Income Countries) are the highest savers in the region (Figure 2, Panel II). Private saving rates, as expected, are parcularly low in fragile states and low-income countries(LICs),”thereportstated.

FG NEEDS TO ADDRESS INCESSANT DRIVERS OF INFLATION – CPPE BOSS

The Founder, Centre for the P ro m o o n o f P r i v a t e Enterprises (CPPE), Dr Muda Yusuf has called on the Federal Government to address the incessant drivers of inflaon to providesuccourforthecizens.

Yusuf, made it known on Thursday in Lagos, while reacng to the August inflaon rate of 20.52 per cent which is 0.88 per cent higher than thatoftheprecedingmonth.

According to Yusuf, the reality is that the major inflaon drivers have not abated, if anything, some have becomeevenmoreintense.

He stated further that, factors responsibleforinflaonarypressure included high transportaon costs, increasing logiscs challenges, w o r s e n i n g e x c h a n g e r a t e depreciaon and foreign exchange liquidityissues.

Also, the former Director General, Lagos Chamber of Commerce and Industry (LCCI) said were hike in energy prices, climate change issues, i n s e c u r i t y i n m a ny fa r m i n g co m m u n i e s a n d st r u c t u ra l boleneckstoproducon.

He stated that the accelerated fiscal deficit financing by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) was also a significant inflaondriver

Yusuf added that the financing of fiscal deficit had been elevated to disturbing levels at almost N20 trillion. All these, he stressed, had huge implicaons for money supply andknock-oneffectoninflaon.

“CBN financing of deficit is high p o w e r e d m o n e y a n d v e r y inflaonary;itisinflaontax.

“Mounng inflaonary pressures weaken purchasing power of cizens

as real incomes are eroded, aggravate pressure on producon c o s t s , n e g a v e l y i m p a c t profitability, erode shareholders value and undermine investors' confidence.

“In most cases, increases in producon costs cannot be transferred to consumers by industrialists and by implicaon, producers are also taking a major hit.

“Tackling inflaon requires urgent government intervenon to address the challenges bedevilling the supply side of the economy and the moderaon of fiscal deficit monesaon,”hesaid.

BUSINESS AND MARKETING ETHICS

As the business marketplace globalizes, it is essenal for marketers to develop a code of business ethics that reaches across naonal boundaries as well. Every country and every culture has its own ethical foundaons, beliefs, lifestyles, and choices. No one rule appliestoeverycountry.

As far as situaonal ethics go, some would say that each of us generally knows what is right and what is wrong.

Internaonal business behaviors are frequently governed by governmental and industry regulaons requiring that marketers:

• Be legal, decent, honest, and truthful;

• Show responsibility to the customersandsociety;and

• Followbusinessprinciplesoffaircompeon.

• EthicalNormsandValuesforMarketers:

• Donoharm.

• Fostertrustinthemarkengsystem.

• Embraceethicalvalues.

• Strivetobetruthfulatallmes.

• Offerproductsofvaluethatdoasclaimed.

• Stand behind products that fail to deliver as claimed.

• Honorcommitmentsandpromises.

• Strivetoservetheneedsofcustomers.

• Avoidusingcoercionwithallstakeholders.

• Consider environmental stewardship in decisionmaking.

• Value individual differences and avoid stereotypingcustomersinanegaveway.

• List to needs of customers and make reasonable effortstoimprovetheirsasfacon.

• Give back to the community through volunteerismandcharitabledonaons.

BusinessCodeofEthics:

• Equality: recognize individual rights and display a fairsenseofjusce.

• Truth: strive to be open about all aspects of all offeredproductsandservices.

• Honesty: uphold the principle of fair play and be vigilantagainstdecepveness.

• Integrity: serve customers with honestly, and

avoidpreyingonhumanignoranceorgullibility

• Cooperaveness: support a healthy marketplace through cooperaon with customers, other businesses, and every person who benefits from anethical,free-marketsystem

• Self-Regulaon: honor all commitments, and seek to resolve any disputes in a fair and expedious manner.

BusinessEthicsandTrust

A primary aim of ethical business behavior is to engender public trust both of the business environment on the whole, as well as individual companiesoperangwithinthemarketplace.

It is interesng to note that these objecves boosng public trust are oen achieved through markeng, adversing and PR – the very industries not held in v

ECHOES OF HARD TIME IN THE NIGERIA PRINTING INDUSTRY

epo

o different prinng hubs in Lagos was carried out on the 1st of july 2022, aim to listen to the voice of the printers about the hard me in Nigeria prinng industry.

However, face to face interview with the CEO of BEST CHOICE prinng concept, Mr. Israel as he takes us through the hard me challenges facing printers in somoluprinngarea.

…Anexcerptfromtheinterview queson : what effect does the hard me in Nigeria has on prinngbusiness?

Response: thank you very much; to start with, hardship in this

co

n

business to the extent that prints business relevance among other business. customers will always

a p e

especially when it comes to somolu, they believe the price must be cheaper since it's the mother of all prinng hub in Nigeria, not considering the profit margin of the printer and change of me ,as everything is inflang in Nigeria, print producon materials are also adding price day by day, a very good example is the fuel scarcity caused by the increasing of petrol and diesel price, petrol from #160/liter is now #250/liter and diesel from #300/liter is to #700/liter Power supply system in Nigeria is also of lowvalue,mostlyallprintershaveto

rely on generator and of which fuel to power generator is also becoming unaffordable. This hard mecausedbyourpooreconomic system has weaken a lot of printers here in somolu, many gave up on this business, while some even die of depression and some found themselves in debt, I know of a colleague that was locked up in the police staon for days Many more printers has ran away,somehasevenforgetbeena printers.

Another printer in Ogba prinng area, Mr. Stephen Augusne CEO perfectimpactprintspeaksouthis opinion about the topic 'echoes of hard me in Nigeria prinng industry during a face to face

interviewsessionwithhimatOgba prinngarea.

…excerptfromtheinterview Queson: what effect does the hard me in Nigeria has on prinngbusiness?

Response : well, endurance is what keeps us moving , it is now becoming more rampant that many printers are leavi8ng their job, most of them have become okada rider, keke rider due to the fact that they can't endure the hard me hing print business seriously, as almost all prinng materialsarenowcost.

I was also a vicm, I stopped prinng work somemes ago and started working at a auto-mobile alignment and wheel balancing company in Agege, which I earn

company am working with are also facing hard me in their business and they don't quit because of it, if they do not endure , I cannot be working with them now… so I decided to go back to my prinng business with prayer, then I discover I need to upgrade myself cause prinng business has upgraded, they are new machines I need to get familiar with. So I humble myself and start all over again. By God's grace,hereIamtoday Mr. Raphael, CEO Soluons prints concept made his opinion known about the topic 'echoes of hard me in Nigeria prinng industry during a face to face interview session with himatMushinprinngarea.

Queson: what effect does the hard me in Nigeria have on prinng business?

other place as we are known for the sale of prinng materials and increase in price of this materials is affecng our business seriously. The increase start from the manufacturer and then here in market , since materials cost increases, it is certain hat prinng price will also increase but unfortunately our customers are not knowing that, they'll refuse to accept the increase in price , which leads to low patronage and reducon in sales. Imagine I bought 2 drums of paint for 200,000 last month, geng to know that it's now 240,000 now. TherearesomematerialsIneedto buy as soon as possible cause those materials will soon add up price, imagine geng a material for 9200 now it's 10000. So manufacturer should always nofy us of the incensement in price of the materials cause we're running loss on jobs, since we've no choice than to buy, give thanks toGodeveryme.

HOW TO MANAGE PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS ON EMPLOYEES IN A WORKING ENVIRONMENT

may find it difficult to learn the same task due to his age. This is exampleforanindividualhazard.

M A N A G E M E N T O F PSYCHOLOGICALCHALLENGES

When it comes to Psychology it is the same process that has to be appliedtophysicalissues.

1. Idenfy Psychological Challenges

Bo t h p h y s i c a l a n d psychological challenges faced by employees in your workplace have to be equally well managed. While employers take acons to control physical issues they somewhat tend to neglect the psychological aspects. However, it is important to understand that to make the workplaceapleasantplace,where your employees can work happily, i t s h o u l d b e f r e e f r o m psychological hazards also Psychology should be given its due aenon.

W h a t i s a p sy c h o l o g i c a l challenge?

It is the tendency for a person to get psychologically injured when exposed to a hazard or a stressful situaon. Although stress is not a p s y c h o l o g i c a l i n j u r y, i f experienced in excess or for a

considerable period of me it can leadtopsychologicalinjury

Howitcanaffectyourorganizaon

Due to psychological challenges it is not only the individual employee that suffers, but it can affect your organizaon badly. It can cause unplanned absence, higher staff turnover, poor performance etc. etc.

A n e m p l o y e e m a y f a c e environmental, organizaonal or individual hazards in his workplace. Insufficient venlaon and sound polluon are examples for e n v i r o n m e n t a l h a z a r d s

Harassment, lack of movaon and poor communicaon are among the many organizaonal issues experienced. And psychological challenges may differ from person to person. A young person may quickly learn while an older person

In order to do this, you should get the opinions of the employees by discussing the psychological challenges with them on a regular basis You also should pay aenontocomplaintsofthestaff members and their absenteeism etc.

2.Assess&PriorizeHazards

The next step is to assess and priorizethechallenges. Nowyou know the risks and it is me to see which hazards should be given priority. Which hazards are likely to cause more harm? Is it a major dispute among two groups of e m p l o y e e s o r a m i n o r disagreement between two colleagues? Obviously, here you

G

have to give priority to the first case.

Also, if an issue has been present for a long period of me it has to be taken care of without further delay

3.RiskControl

It is your responsibility to e l i m i n a t e o r r e d u c e t h e psychological risks as far as possible. And when doing so you willneedtouseamixofcontrols.

‘The Hierarchy of Risk Controls' says that counng on people's behavior has to be the last resort. SafeWorkAustraliapointsoutthat “the aim (for control measures) is to achieve the best fit between working environment, the systems of work and the needs andcapabiliesofworkers.”

You can improve the quality of your workplace by following the measuresgivenbelow:

Toimproveenvironment

Install beer venlaon, increase lighng where necessary, have sound proof rooms, replace or repairdamagedmachinery

To reduce stress due to work overload

Discuss with workers before

assigning a new task, higher addional staff if required, extend deadlineswhereneeded

Toeliminatebullying

Introduce policies and procedures for office behavior Provide a system toreportmisappropriatebehavior.

To clarify procedures, a new task etc.

Have an inducon program for new

stopping psychological hazards in your workplace It is equally important to monitor and review them on a regular basis to make surethattheyareeffecve. When talking about psychology you have to consider the fact that it is less obvious than something physical. That is the reason why you should pay even more aenon to psychological challenges than physical challenges. If you review the measures regularly you can prevent psychological injury by eliminang the cause before it harmstheindividualconcerned.

The best method to find out an ongoing psychological challenge is communicaon with your workforce. Each employee is important to an organizaon to run smoothly and he should be mentally and physically fit to carry out his dues well. So, you should

comers, have training programs, make a senior staff member availableforguidance

4.Monitor&Review

It is not enough to make and implement new measures for

avoid any hazards as far as possible for the sake of the organizaon as well as the people who are working in it. As the saying goes 'prevenon is beer thancure'.

M A N A G E M E N PT T

NIGERIA PRINTING JOBS REMAINING IN NIGERIA

‘In spite of the enormous quality and growing prinng industry in Nigeria, over 70 percent of prinng jobs by Nigerians are executedoverseas’

Job flight has been one of the major challenges facing the Nigeria prinng industry. No doubt, this challenge has eaten into different aspects of the enre printvaluechain.

The constant declining state of the industry is one of the major concerns for stakeholders in the Nigeria print sector and every praconer has their own from thesechallenges.

It's no longer news that print jobs flight, high cost of print equipment and consumables, quackery, dearth of experts, infrastructural decay, just to menon a few are s o m e o f t h e c h a l l e n g e s incapacitangthesectorlocally

Professional Printers in Nigeria are raising fresh concerns over a disturbing phenomenon They allege that print and retail packaging and labelling jobs, which Nigerian firms have capacity

to handle, are being outsourced to foreign companies and shipped back into the country through the variousentryports.

It was in furtherance of the aforemenoned goal that past administraons, over the years, put in place and upheld policies and legislaonstodiscouragepatronage of foreign goods and services for materialsthatcanbesourcelocally.

NEED FOR LOCAL CAPACITY

D E V E L O P M E N T A N D GLOBALIZATION

It is unarguable that Nigeria prinng and publishing industry is grappling with issues of local capacity development and globalizaon. As developed naons adopt digital innovaons to modify their business models in the area of prinng to take advantage of globalizaon, it is not clear what praconers in the Nigeria prinng sector are doing to enable them compete favorably in the same globalmarket.

Moreover, as Indians and South

Africans invest in the Nigerian prints market, offering services and products enhanced with digitalinnovaons,itisparamount that an assessment of the local prinng sector be undertaken to assess how the printers are adjusng to the challenges posed by capacity development and globalizaon.

To develop Nigeria prinng industry capacity, Government needstobemoreproacveanddo things that will trigger posive change. For instance, paper alone is a three trillion-naira industry, yet we have never in Nigeria used primary raw materials to produce paper All we have been using is either pulp or secondary raw materials A lot of people in Nigeria are now conducng research, but there is no single laboratory where the research can bedone.

One would expect that a CBN governor would be donang a

laboratory that will aid research because if we succeed in producing paper locally, a lot of burdenwillbetakenoffthenaira.

GOVERNMENT AND PRINT INDUSTRY COLLABORATION FOR ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT GDP GROWTH

Prinng in a depressed economy requiresanurgentaenon. T h e p r i n t a n d g r a p h i c communicaon industry can join forces with the government to create a desired vibrant print and graphic communicaons sector that will aid the creaon of job opportunies in line with the Economic Recovery Growth programme of the Federal Government.

Print is part of everyday life. All that needs to be done is to go into the nearest store to buy any item. You idenfy the cereal, detergent or just about anything you want to buy by the packaging of the item. Print products in the same way holds sway in educaon sector

since they are the fundamental tools that are used to pass on knowledge. You can carry this argument praccally through virtually every sphere of life; pharmaceucals, postage and courier services, signage just to menon a few. The Print and graphics communicaons sector can therefore be said to be an important partner to every other sector, service or industrial. Smithers Pira esmates the global print sector to top USD980 Billion in 2018. The potenal therefore in this sector is tremendous and Government can only ignore this sectoratitsdetriment. For the purpose of this arcle, we would highlight three areas of focus for the prinng industry on the one handandgovernmentontheother.

Firstly, the industry must have lobby groups like the Polical Acon Commiee (PrintPAC) of the Prinng Industries of America whose role is impacng public policy direcon and debate pertaining to issues affecng p r i n n g a n d g r a p h i c communicaons companies. This advocacy unit will ensure that

resources are dedicated to building and maintaining solid relaonships with and connually educang government about the challenges and opportunies facingtheindustry.

Secondly, the industry must encourage longer-term contracts (where this applies) with their corresponding service level agreements between industry players and clientele including government What currently is prevalent is that most print concerns cannot guarantee if they would get the next order from an organizaon. This does not allow planning, encourage further investment or engender the economies of scale that would allow the jobs be delivered more efficientlyandaffordable.

Thirdly, the industry must collaborate with the requisite organizaons and bodies in the area of print educaon and print leadership to improve the quality of the print entrepreneur and human capital in the industry. This collaboraon must also focus on the next generaon in order to create the required interest and inflow of human capital into the industry.

Government on its part should consider implemenng the following:

Focus on the industry in the same wayit'sfocusingonoil. The investment required to get some of the constuent sectors of the industry back off the ground are humongous A large scale chemical pulp (paper) mill with an annual pulp producon of around 1.4 million tons has an investment cost of about 2.5 billion USD if built from the ground up. (iea.org). Government can partner with the private sector by creang an enabling environment for investment in paper mills of various capacies. (Nigeria imported 1.2M tonnes of various

paper and paper products last year). The print sector must be i n c l u d e d i n t h e F e d e r a l Government plans for its Strategic Economic zones and free trade zones.

As part of its focus on Educaon, Government must work with the industry to improve the quality which students are being educated on prinng and graphics c o m m u n i c a o n s i n i t s u n i v e r s i e s , c o l l e g e s o f technology and vocaonal schools.

INEC PRINTING JOBS REMAINING INNIGERIA

Mr Olugbemi Malomo is the reelected president and chairmanin council of the Chartered Instute of Professional Printers of Nigeria has been so passionate about the campaign to keep Nigerian prinng jobs in Nigeria, recently he shares his view on ways of strengthening the local prinng industry and insinuate why INEC should print 2023 eleconballotpaperlocally.

He said “INEC has absolutely no reason to patronise porolio contractors, parcularly for what can be done in Nigeria. The elecon is for the benefit of Nigerians. We have an astute Nigerian professor as the umpire, we are going to elect a Nigerian as president, why should we choose a foreigner to print our ballot p a p e r a e r 6 0 y e a r s o f independence? So, why are Nigerian printers being denied their own dividends of democracy when they have the capacity to do so?

“By the law that set up CIPPON, nobody can pracse or earn income from prinng without being registered by us. What we are saying is that INEC should obey the law. Porolio contractors or brokers, if they must operate, should partner with local printers

to print ballot papers in Nigeria. That's the only middle point or compromise acceptable to us. We willcallthemoutbywayofligaon ifwemust,anyonenotregisteredby the instute that is awarded ballot papercontracts”

“There are over 70 million voters across board and that is about 350 million ballot papers for the general elecons within four to five weeks. Ifwehavesixmonthstotheelecon and are awarded the contract, I can tell you authoritavely that some of our members can print over 10 million ballot papers in a week, some 5 million in a week, some others can do one million copies in a week. The onus is now on INEC to prequalify more across the geopolical zones of Nigeria. Going to print ballot paper abroad at a period the global supply chain is challenged will certainly not addressthelogiscproblem”

“ G o v e r n m e n t s h o u l d t a ke responsibility and must be deliberate about empowering Nigerians. We acknowledge the fact that the chairman has elecons to conduct, we acknowledge the fact that all of us should help him to conduct very successful elecons and we should do what is scienfic and praccable. The people taking those jobs abroad are not printers but mere contractors who don't employ anybody nor buy diesel; they are porolio contractors, and we should ask quesons if those peopleareghosts”

JOB CREATION POTENTIAL OF THE PRINTINGINDUSTRYINNIGERIA

A quick check on the prinng and industry reveals that in the sevenes and eighes, the Nigeria prinng industry was the hub of prinng in West Africa. According to Malomo, “I can recall vividly how peoplefromFrancophonecountries

came to Shomolu (a suburb in Lagos State, South-West Nigeria) to print their French text books. But because successive Nigerian government had undermined this i n d u st r y a n d ca re l e s s o n safeguard her, that this sector and her potenals have suffered grave andconnuousdecline”.

An understanding of the prinng industry globally shows that it's a means of job creaon. In the United States, the sector is the third highest employer of labour, employing more people than the automobile industry Similarly in Europe, the prinng sector is a m o n g t h e t h re e h i g h e st employers of labour. In Nigeria it is the second largest employer of labour aer tradional farming, yet it maintains such a low profile that rather than being a great giant,itcouldjustaboutdisappear from sight. It is a diverse, disperse swarm of small businesses employingaslowasfivepeople.

“However, its great strength when examined holiscally shows one is faced with an enrely different monster comprising of thousands of small independent units”, added Malomo. Prinng touches lives constantly in the form of product packages, books, newspapers, magazines, office staonery and a wide variety of other printed items we use every day. We consume it without thinking about it. As further argued by Malomo, “to treat prinng as a stand-alone product, service, or process, is impossible. It is a manufacturing industry in the strictest sense but it is also a serviceindustry”

The chief execuve officer of AKFAR prinng and publishing limited, Dr. Mrs. Adesola Falaiye's charitable personal life revealed as she passionately shares her story on her love for golf; simply a charity drive to raise funds for the needy- helpless Paediatric Cancer paents.

However, Dr. Falaiye's personal passion for golf sport brings about the iniaon and birth of 'The

LoveOfGolfCharitytournament'

These are a special class of humanity for which the tournament debuted in December 6, 2020 Yet, golfers will always be players, as the parcipants in the second edion of the event displayed their talentsandskillsonthecourseonthefinalday

The Lions Club, of which Dr. Adesola Falaiye is a prominentmember,playedahugeroleinthesuccess

FOR THE LOVE OF GOLF… THE CHARITABLE SIDE OF DR. FALAIYE YOU DON'T KNOW

oftheevent,evenastheyalsohada round on the course. But most importantly, this charity event lived up to expectaons when it went beyond donang items for the Paediatric Cancer Ward of Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) to adding destute from Orphanage home, Tripple G, also in Lagos,tothelist.

According to Mr Ayo Aderiwale, an industrialist based in Lagos, said, 'having people like Dr. Falaiye, who iniated For The Love Of Golf C h a r i t y To u r n a m e n t , w h o remember their history and give back to the society that made them as giving to the needy is cultural in Africa.

He added, “Falaiye is a leader with rich cultural background,whotakesposiveadvantageofitforthe good of the society. He reaches out to those who definitely cannot pay back and it is a welcome development that everyone, who cares for the needy, shouldsupport.”

Busola Ladipo,theladyViceCaptainof IkejaGolfClub, also applauded Falaiye, saying: “This second edion of For The Love Of Golf Charity Tournament is a huge success; it's an improvement on the first edion, which goes to show that the organisers have done their home work properly for what the event stands for.”

Ladipo said “I'll advise the organisers, ledfurther that by Dr Falaiye, concentrate on the Paediatric Cancer paents they started with. It will help them to be more focused and achieve beer results without distracon.”

Joy Ayonote also shared the same senment, describing Falaiye as an outstanding personality with averyposivedrive.

She urged corporate bodies to support the iniave to build a beerplacefor the needy,adding,“Carefor those afflicted with cancer should not be a yearly affair; it should be at regular intervals, at least quarterly because the disease can be terminal and thetreatmentisdamnexpensive. “This is why the iniave by Dr Falaiye becomes very imperave for everyone to support it. I also believe that support can come by way of providing logiscs, manpower; trained personnel for the hospitals to be well equipped, rather than giving only money for buyingofjustdrugs.”

An excerpts from one-o-one interview session with the Brandberg boss Mr Ayodeji Ogundare, the head of operaon of Brandberg soluons has disclose the recent challenges facing Nigeria print industry and the needs to bring Nigeria print jobsbackhome.

Q: In research, we learnt that Brandbergisoperanginprinng and branding only but lately now grooming as a media company too, so how long have you been in prinngindustry?

A: We've been in operaon since 2020, we're just 2 years in the industry, I'm not the pioneer, I was invited to come and sr it up and createmorevaluetothecompany.

Q:since2020now,howdoyousee printindustry?

A: Me personally have been into

prinng since 2 0 0 4 , i t ' s interesng and sll evolving and c h a n g e i s c o n s t a n t i n prinng, when I s t a r t e d p r i n t business, it was o n l y m u s h i n , S h o m o l u a n d Ogba that are dominant print hub but the fact is that Shomolu is n u m b e r o n e when it comes to prinng.

Q: What are the recent challenges f a c i n g p r i n t b u s i n e s s i n Nigeria?

A: Government is the cause of the whole challenges, our government taking print business abroad is affecng the industry so bad, for example the universal basic educaon sectors makes it compulsory for every student to haveatleast5 booksforthemselves and the minimum price of prinng a notebook is #500, so instead of them to give it to us locally it's printed abroad, research shows that there are 22 millions students out of school in Nigeria, so let me juxtapose it 22millions mes 500 mes5 books ,you knowhowmuch it is, if all this jobs are given to us to do locally it won't only boost the economy but also develop the sector and naon at large. I could recollect when I was in secondary school back then in 1997 by then we have 400 schools in Lagos here, if you mulply the total number of books for student by then by the

amount for prinng, it'll always be a plus for Nigeria economy, also prinng of ballot paper abroad is really affecng the industry and economy, those are wat we can easily do locally and benefits our naon. The reason why Nigeria is experiencing the current issue of high dollar rate is because Nigeria is not an export dependent c o m p a n y, w e ' r e i m p o r t dependent company, so when we take those jobs abroad, we're killing our naira and empowering thosepeoplethere.

THE PSYCHOLOGY OF COLOUR AND GRAPHIC DESIGN IN PRINT PRODUCTION

Colour plays a crucial role in graphic design and print producon at large, as does the psychology of how humans perceive colour. Here is a look at the ways that colour and psychologyaffectthegraphicdesignprocess.

Colourpsychology

Colour psychology is the study of how colours determine human emoons and behaviours. We react to colours based on a complex series of interacons between our personal tastes, our familyupbringing,andourculturalbackground.

Colour can affect percepons in subtle ways; for example, it can enhance or detract from the way that food tastes. The right colors can even enhance

responses from customers, and this is part of the graphicdesigner'sgoal.

Great graphic design also ancipates cultural differences in the way colours are perceived. The same colour can mean very different things to different audiences; for example, in most cultures yellow has a bright, cheerful connotaon, but in China it may have vulgar or adult connotaons. In the US white symbolizes purity and is oen used for bridal branding, but white is a mourning color in Japan, India, China, Korea, and the Middle East. The boom line here is to know your audience and choosewisely.

how effecve pills and placebos are; blue is used for calming or sleep-inducing pills whereas red or yellow areusuallyusedforsmulants.

Every brand and business use colours deliberately in their product designs, packaging, adversements, and websites. High-level graphic design relies in part on the ability to select colours that work with the brand and the company's mission. The psychology of color can and must be use to trigger the right

THE POWER OF DTG DIRECT-TO-GARMENT PRINTING

irect-to-garmentprinng(DTG)isaprocess

Dof prinng on texles using specialized aqueous ink jet technology. DTG printers typically have a platen designed to hold the garment in a fixed posion, and the printer inks are jeed or sprayed onto the texle by the print head DTG typically requires that the garment be pre-treated withaPTMorPre-treatmentmachineallowingforthe following:

· Stronger bond between garment fibers and thepigmentedinks

· Lays down loose fibers to provide for a smoothersubstrate

· Chemically reacts with the inks to promote dryingandcuring

Since this is a digital process, the print is sharper and has a higher resoluon, or DPI, than tradional prinng methods such as screen prinng. However, unlike screen prinng, there is no long setup or cleanup process, and DTG has the ability to print just one singleshirtforminimalcost.

Prinngprocess:

DTG printers use aqueous texle inks (water-based chemistry) that require a unique curing process. Since D2 inks are water-based, they work best for prinng on natural fibers such as coon, bamboo, hemp, and linen.Inaddion,pre-treatmentistypicallyappliedto the garment before prinng. The pre-treatment is heat-pressedintothecustomt-shirtcausingthefibers oftheshirttolaydown.Thepre-treatmentalsoallows the water based inks to bond more fully to the garment. This is especially important when using whiteinkondarkgarments.

Once the custom garment for instance a t-shirt- has been properly pre-treated, the shirt (or garment) is then posioned onto a plaen system designed to hold the shirt in place. The shirt is then digitally printedaccordingtothedesignintheprinterqueue. Direct-to-garment prinng in the United States began in1996withtheintroduconofthefirstcommercially availableDTG printer named "Revoluon", developed by DIS of Bradenton, Florida, and based on an invenon of Mahew Rhome. Rhome had been working on the DTG project for some years and applied for a patent in July 1996. This patent was grantedbytheUSpatentofficeinAugust2000making

itthefirstDTGpatent. The Revoluon printer was offered for sale unl 1998 when Rhome le the company to start development ofthefirstBrotherDTGprinter,whichcametomarket in2005.

Aer the release of the Revoluon printer, there was a lot of development but not much sales acvity in the market unl 2004 when Mimaki introduced their printer at the ISS show in Chicago, Illinois and, later that year, when kornit and US Screen displayed their offerings at the SGIA show in Minneapolis, Minnesota. In 2005, at the ISS Atlanc City show, Brother Internaonal introduced the GT 541 Garment Printer to the market making it the first “ground up” DTG printer offered. This printer had print heads, ink, and electronics developed specificallyforDTGprinng.

At the Chicago PRINT 2013 show Epson introduced the F2000 printer. The release of this printer was notable as it addressed many of the issues prevalent in DTG prinng at the me. One of the most important features of the Epson F2000 was its ink set as it had a two-year shelf life and did not have the seling or clogging issues of previously introduced DTGinks.

By May 2019, the North American DTG market was currently valued at over $2.5 billion with a compound annualgrowthrateof10.5%through2021.

INCREASEYOUR PROFITS, CUT PRODUCTION TIMES AND DIFFERENTIATEYOUR PRODUCT – WITH INLINE FINISHING

Providing inline finishing capabilies lets you increase your profit margins on print jobs, whilst at the same me shortening your own producon mes, reducing labour costs, improving quality control, cung back on waste and saving energy.

Tradionally viewed as an aerthought and producon boleneck, finishing is now being viewed as a crical stage in producon and a way to differenate products and create added value.It is not unusual for finishing to generate as much as 40% of producon costs, and for poor quality control at this stagetodestroyagreatdealofaddedvalue.

With updates in digital producon technology, SME printers have woken up to the fact that invesng relavely modest sums in finishing equipment can lead to significant producvity improvements and reduce costs. Results from a recent drupe global trend report show that 48% of respondents were planning toinvestinfinishingequipment,and40%areinvesng

todriveefficiencyimprovements.

Digital inline finishing features a variety of different workflows. These are all about automaon, making in line and near line equipment crical, but somemes an offline approach will be more applicable.

So how should you be invesng? In inline finishing, the press and inline finishing equipment are directly connected and closely integrated using front-end management controls. This is the soluon for you if you produce a defined range of products in standard formats such as stched booklets, reports, calendars and book blocks. The overall producvity of a digital press with in-line finishing capability is determined by the speed and efficiency of the finishing components, so it is essenal that these don't detract from the ratedspeedofthedigitalpress.

An offline finishing workflowis more common when a printer has a range of digital and offset equipment,

but this increases labour costs. Somemes the higher speed of off-line finishing equipment will more than compensate for the increased operator invenon. It all depends on the type and quanty of jobs you need tofinish.

In contrast to in-line and off-line, near-line offers greater flexibility. There is no physical connecon between equipment in this case, but the finishing line knows the requirements of each job, from OMR (opcal mark recognion) technology or from a direct interface with the press's print server, through JDF This enables the finishing line to manage the printed output from a variety of presses and create an audit trail, which is crical to personalized products like mailshotsortransaconaldocuments.

Choosing the right finishing workflow will depend on understanding not only your workload, but also how you can apply different finishing soluons to improve efficiencies and add value through new products. However, one major benefit that has been largely overlooked by the printer and has not been sold effecvelytothecustomerisinlinefinishing.

Whatexactlyisinlinefinishing'?

Inline finishing is the process of bringing services such as folding, saddle stching, side stching, case binding, punching and other post-processes in-line, so they are accomplished at the same me as the prinng. A wide array of finishing equipment is now

Inline finishing in the print industry gives you benefits including:

• Labour-intensive post-processing completed at samemeasprinng.

• One pass producon of high page count materials.

• Flawless binding, free of missing pages and imperfectcollaon

Differenate your product hugely and create strongercustomerloyalty

Inline Finishing means your customers will benefit from already finished print products, shorter producon deadlines for more complex print products and a 'one-stop shop' offering everything fromasinglesource.

available to be connected directly to digital produconprinterstoachievethis,

Providing these services in-line not only saves on labourcosts;italsopreventsmissingpages,imperfect collaon, and other common mishaps. It makes prinng extremely small lots possible – even a single copy – and extends the range of just-in-me services from fliers to catalogues, manuals and other high page-countprojects.

For smaller printers and in-house print departments, reducing the amount of work that is outsourced gives greater producon flexibility and control. (A good example of this are W2P systems, providing a steady but unpredictable flow of digital short run on demand jobs, which cannot be outsourced and have tobecompletedin-house.)

Essenally, the more aspects of a print job you can control internally and offer on-demand, the greater your growth will be and the more customer loyalty youwillgenerate.