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(Naya Yugbodh National Daily Sept. 16, 2014)

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t'n;Lk'/, #) ebf} . tTsfnLg dfcf]jfbLn] hgo'4 z'? u/]sf] /f]Nkf lhNnf !@ jif{] o'4df k"0f{?kdf xf]ldPsf] lyof] . zflGt k|lqmof z'? ePsf] nfdf] ;do x'“bf klg /f]NkfnLdf /fxtsf] dx;'; ePg . /f]Nkf o'4df /x“bf IftljIft eof] . oxf“ ljb|fxL kIf tyf /fHokIfaf6 s'g} klg k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f / ljsf; x'g ;s]g, dfq ljgfz eof] . !@ jif{sf] ;z:q o'4sf] kL8fdf /x]sf] /f]Nkf oltdfq} x}g / s}of} hgfsf] d[To'a/0f / s}of} hgf a]kQf tyf c+ue+u ePsf sf/0f /f]Nkf o'4s} rk]6fdf clxn];Dd /x\of] . slt lj:yflkt ;d]t x'g k'u] . s]xL clxn];Dd klg k'g:yf{kg x'g g;s]sf] cj:yf 5 .

Tof] /f]NkfnLx?sf nflu 7"nf] kL8fsf] ;do eof] . t/ clxn] ToxL /f]Nkf g]kfndf n3' hnljB't pTkfbgsf] If]qdf cufl8 a9\b}5 . hnljB't pTkfbgaf6} /f]NkfnL hgtfn] o'4df ePsf]] kL8f d]6fp“b}5g\ . o'4sf] 3fpdf dng nufp“b}5g\, Tof] klg hnljB'tsf] ljsf;dfkm{t 3/–3/df pmhf{ ljsf; lnP/ . clxn] n3' hnljB't k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df /f]Nkf cu| k+lQmdf 5 . lhNnfdf dfq} &) a9L ;fgf 7" nf xfO8«f]kfj/x? -n3' hnljB't_ lgdf{0f ePsf / x'g] qmddf 5g\ . h;sf nflu /f]Nkfdf dfq} ca{ a/fa/sf] /sd vr{ x'“b}5 . h;n] /f]Nkf pmhf{sf] ljsf;n] lemlnldnL ePsf] 5 /f]Nkf clxn] pmhf{ k"jf{wf/df cu| :yfgdf /x]sf] 5 . /f]Nkfdf /x]sf ;a} vf]nfgfnfx?df k|ltvf]nf rf/j6f;Dd n3'hnljB't cfof]hgfx? ;~rfng ePsf 5 . h;n] /f]NkfnfO{ pmhf{sf] ljsf;df

;Dks{ M dw'afa' M (*$&(^@&$*

h'Qf–rKkn k;n laqmLdf 3f]/fxL Go"/f]8l:yt rfn' cj:yfdf /x]sf] h'Qf–rKkn k;n laqmLdf 5 . OR5's JolQmn] t'= ;Dks{ ug'{xf]nf .

;Dks{ (*!(%@(!*! ;'/lIft s'v'/f tyf bfgf Joj;foL ;ldlt 3f]/fxL, bfª cfhsf] s'v'/f / df;'sf] d"No;"rL lhpFbf] s'v/' f vf]/ sfF6f k|lt s]=hL= ?= !%%.– lhpFbf] s'v/' f ahf/ sfF6f k|lt s]=hL= ?= !^).– k|]m; df;' k|lt s]=hL= ?= @@).– ;Dks{ df]=M (*$&*#^!*&

5f]/fnfO{ sfvf, 5f]/LnfO{ kfvf gu/f}+

l8nfO6 sg{/ lb km]ldnL /]i6'/]06

/x]sf] OlGhlgo/ Kofs'/]nn] atfpg'eof] . j}slNks pmhf{ ;~hfn /f]NkfsL cWoIf nIdL 8f“uLn] /f]Nkfdf lgdf{0f ePsf hnljB't of]hgfx?n] /f]NkfnLnfO{ /fxt lbPsf] atfpg'x'G5 . pxf“n] lhNnfdf rf/xhf/ gful/sx? hnljB't of]hgfaf6 nfeflGjt ePsf] eGb} ljleGg lgsfox?af6 clxn];Dd $=( ;o lsnf]jf6 ljB't pTkfbg u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbg' eof] . 8f“uLn] o'4sf] 3fp d]6fpg] sfd clxn] hnljB't cfof]hgfn] ul//x]sf] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] o'4n] IftljIft ePsf] /f]Nkfdf hnljB't of]hgf el/e/fp x'“bf o'4sf] 3fp cf]Onfp“b} uPsf] dx;'; ePsf] atfpg'eof] .

If]qLo ;]jf s]Gb| a]; t'n;Lk'/ bfªsf pmhf{ sfo{qmdsf l6d ln8/ cfzf/fd rf}w/Ln] /f]Nkfsf ufp“–ufp“df ljB't pTkfbg ePsf] atfpg'\eof] . pxf“n] j}slNks pmhf{ k|a4{g s]Gb|sf] ;xof]u / a];sf] ;xhLs/0fdf n3' hnljB't cfof]hgf lgdf{0f eO/x]sf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . o'4n] cNdlnPsf] /f]NkfnL ufp“– ufp“df ljh'nL aNg] / pmhf{sf of]hgfx? wdfwd ;~rfng / lgdf{0f x'g yfn]kl5 :yfgLox? clxn] v'zL ePsf 5g\ . of];“u} /fKtL c~rnsf Ko'7fg, ?s'ddf n3' hnljB't of]hgfdfkm{t bh{gf+} ufp“x?df ljB't lj:tf/ eO/x]sf] 5 . j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|sf] cg'bfg, hgtfsf] nfut ;xeflutf / >dbfgdf ;~rflnt n3' hnljB't of]hgfcGtu{t lat]sf] jif{df /fKtLdf & ;o ( lsnf]jf6 ljB't pTkfbg ePsf] xf] .

To:t} cGo If]qx?df klg ljB't pTkfbgsf] tof/L eO/x]sf] 5 . pQm laB'taf6 /fKtLsf tLg lhNnfdf yk & xhf/ & ;o &$ 3/w'/Ldf aQL an]sf] 5 .

g]kfn ;/sf/ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno

3/ hUuf laqmLdf

3f]/fxL Aof/]ssf] k"j{tkm{ /x]sf] ! s6\7f !& w'/ 3/ hUuf laqmLdf 5 .

cufl8 a9fPsf] 5 eg] !@ jif{] hgo'4n] agfPsf] 3fp / kL8fdf pmhf{ ljsf;n] dnd nufp“b}5 . tLg jif{b]lv /f]Nkfdf z'? ePsf] pmhf{ k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf] cj:yf clxn] klg al9/x]sf] 5 . o'4sf] 3fp d]6fpg] u/L lhNnfdf pmhf{sf] ljsf; ePsf] lhNnfaf;Lx?n] atfp“b} cfPsf 5g\ . uPsf] jif{ dfq} /f]Nkfdf cf7j6f hnljB't of]hgf ePsf 5g .

Ol/jfªsf] s'Gkf ;f“u'/f vf]nf n3' hnljB't cfof]hgf, ld?nsf] tD3f; vf]nf n3' hnljB't cfof]hgf, cf]u uflj;sf] Ro'/Luf/ vf]nf n3' hnljB't cfof]hgf, pjf uflj;sf] jhfOvf]nf n3' hnljB't cfof]hgf, 3tL{ufp“ uflj;sf] e+ufvf]nf n3' hnljB't cfof]hgf, tfnfjfª uflj;df v'h]3/ ;ftLdf/] df8Lvf]nf n3' hnljB't cfof]hgf, /ªsf]6sf] ;f“u'/fvf]nf n3' hnljB't cfof]hgf / ;]/dsf] aRa]vf]nf n3' hnljB't cfof]hgf lgdf{0f ePsf 5g\ . cem} ^) j6f vf]nfdf n3' hnljB't cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu gS;f+sg ePsf] Ol~hlgo/ ab|L Kofs'/]nn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . /fhgLltsdL{ s[i0f 3tL{n] o'4n] ylnPsf] /f]Nkfdf pmhf{ ljsf;n] km6\ sf] dfbf{ s]xL /fxt dx;'; ePsf] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] 6'sLsf] e/df a:g] /f]NkfgL hgtfnfO{ ljh'nLsf] lrd afNg] ;Dd jgfPsf] atfpg'x'G5 . j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|sf] ;xof]u tyf If]qLo ;]jf s]Gb| a];sf] ;xof]udf /f]Nkfdf pmhf{ k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; ul/Psf] 5 . clxn];Dd lhNnfdf lgdf{0f ePsf n3' hnljB't of]hgfaf6 kf“r ;o lsnf]af6 ljB't pTkfbg ePsf] 5 eg] @@ hnljB't of]hgf ;~rfngdf cfPsf 5g\ . && j6f n3' hnljB't cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf] qmddf

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no bfª

;DefJo ;|f]t ;j]{If0f cWoog / lhNnf pBd ljsf; /0fgLlts of]hgf th'{dfsf nflu lznaGbL k|fljlws tyf cfly{s k|:tfj cfx\jfgsf] ;"rgf † -k|ydk6s ;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt M @)&!.)%.#!_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt bfªsf] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] sfo{ k/fdz{bftfjf6 u/fpg'kg]{ ePsfn] pQm sfo{ ug{ of]Uo k/fdz{bftfx?af6 /Ltk"j{ssf] lznjGbL k|fljlws tyf cfly{s k|:tfj k]z ug'{ x'g of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . != of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] !% -kGw|_ lbgleq cfjlws gjLs/0f u/]sf] kmd{ tyf ;+:yf btf{sf] Ohfht kq, d"No clej[l4s/df btf{ ePsf] k|df0fkq / :yfoL n]vf gDj/sf] k|df0f–kqsf] gf]6/L klAnsaf6 k|dfl0ft sfuhft k]z u/L o; sfof{noaf6 lkmtf{ gx'g] u/L ?=#)).–-cIf]?kL tLg ;o dfq_ j'emfO{ cfJxfg–kq k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 . @= k/fdz{bftf kmd{ tyf ;+:yfn] cf=j= @)&)÷@)&! sf] s/ r'Stf k|df0f–kq (Tax Clearance Certi cate) k]z ug'{kg]{5 . #= lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltaf6 k|fKt k|:tfj cfJxfg–kq k|ydk6s k|sflzt ldltn] !% cf}+ lbgsf] !@ ah];Dd k|fljlws tyf cfly{s k|:tfjkq j]Unfj]Un} lznjGbL vfddf /fvL, b'j} lznjGbL vfdnfO{ Pp6} vfddf /fvL k'gMlznjGbL u/L o; sfof{nodf btf{ u/fpg ;lsg]5 . o;/L btf{ x'g cfPsf k|fljlws k|:tfjx? ;f]xL lbgsf] @M)) ah] k|:tfjsf] k|ltlglwx?sf] /f]xj/df vf]lng]5 . $= k|:tfj cfJxfgkq pknJw u/fOg] clGtd lbg / btf{ ug]{ lbg ljbf kg{ uPdf To;sf] ef]lnkN6 jf sfof{no v'n]sf] lbg lgwf{l/t ;donfO{ dflgg]5 . %= k|fljlws k|:tfjx?sf] d"Nof+sgsf] cfwf/df 5gf}6 ePsf k/fdz{bftfx?sf] cfly{s k|:tfjx? dfq k/fdz{bftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglwx?sf] /f]xj/df vf]lng]5 . ^= k/fdz{bftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglw pkl:yt geP tfklg k|:tfjx? vf]Ng afwf kg]{ 5}g . &= k|fljlws k|:tfjdf k/fdz{ 6f]nLdf ;+nUg x'g] ;j} k/fdz{bftfx?sf] JolQmut ljj/0f (Curriculum Vitae) / k/fdz{bftfjf6 b:tvt u/L k|dfl0ft k|lt ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{5 . o:tf] ljj/0f ;To ePsf] k'i6ofO{ x'g] sfuhft ;lxt k]z ug'{kg]{ 5, cGoyf d"Nof+sgsf] c+s k|bfg ul/g] 5}g . *= /Lt gk'us ] f] jf Dofbleq btf{ gePsf] tyf s'g} k|sf/sf] zt{ ePsf k|:tfjx? pk/ s'g} sf/jfxL ul/g] 5}g . (= cfly{s k|:tfjx?df b//]6 c+s / cIf/df :ki6 n]Vg' kg]{5 . c+s / cIf/df km/s ePdf cIf/df n]lvPsf] b//]6nfO{ dfGotf lbOg]5 . !)= of] ;"rgfdf pNn]v gePsf] s'/fsf] xsdf sfo{ lgb]{zs (TOR) ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# tyf ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ / cGo k|rlnt P]g sfg'g cg';f/ x'g]5 . !!= k|fKt k|:tfj :jLs[t ug]{ jf gug]{ ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ o; lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{nodf lgxLt /xg]5 . !@= o;;DjGwL sfdsf] ljj/0f lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5 . l;=g+= !

sfdsf] ljj/0f lhlj;af6 pknAw x'g] sfuhft bfª lhNnfsf] ;DefJo ;+|f]t ;j]{If0f cWoog / k|:tfljt lhNnf sfo{lgb]{zg zt{ tyf k|:tfj k]z;DaGwL cfjlws of]hgf / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] n3' pBd ljsf;;DaGwL b:tfj]h gLlt tyf sfo{qmdn] dfu{ lgb]{zg u/] cg';f/ lhNnf pBd ljsf; /0fgLlts of]hgf tof/ ug]{ . !#= cGo s]xL s'/f j'‰gk/]df o; lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no bfªaf6 a'‰g ;lsg]5 .

:yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L

t'n;Lk'/sf] ckf/ ;kmntfkl5 ca tkfOFs} ;'Gb/ gu/L 3f]/fxLdf t'n;Lk'/ kmf]g M)*@–%@!()! gofF kl/sf/sf ;fy l8nfO6 km]DnL /]i6'/]06sf] zfvf 3f]/fxLdf 3f]/fxL kmf]g M )*@–%^!#(@ v'n]sf] ;xif{ hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}+ .

#

@)&! ;fn ebf} #! ut] d+unjf/ (Sept. 16, 2014)

www.nayayougbodh.com

;dfrf/

sd}n] x]5{g\ gful/s a8fkq q bz/y l3ld/]

t'n;Lk'/, #) ebf} . g]kfn oftfoft Joj;foL /fli6«o dxf;+3sf pkdxf;lrj ;'/]z xdfnn] oftfoft If]qdf ePsf ljs[ltx? x6fP/ ;'wf/sf] sbd rfln;s]sf] x'“bf cfp“bf lbgdf To;}nfO{ cem a9fP/ n}hfg] atfpg' ePsf] 5 . cfp“b} u/]sf] ljhof bzdLnfO{ dWogh/ u/]/ s'g} klg ofq'nfO{ ;xh ?kn] uGtAodf k'¥ofpg cfk"mx?;“u kof{Kt dfqfdf oftfoftsf ;fwgx? /x]sf] x'“bf hf] sf]xL klg uGtAo :yfg;Dd ;xh?kn] k'Ug ;Sg] atfpg'eof] . …b'O{tLg lbgleq ?s'd– t'n;Lk'/sf] ef8f 36fpg]tkm{ ;f]r alg/x]sf] 5 o;nfO{ xfdL tTsfn sfof{Gjog ug{ nflu/x]sf 5f}+Ú– pkdxf;lrj xdfnn] eGg'eof] .

oftfoft Aoj;foL dxf;+3sf] r'gfjdf ljhoL ePkZrft awfO{ tyf ;Ddfg ug]{ qmddf cfOtaf/ l/kf]6{;\ Snan] cfof]hgf u/]sf] b'3{6gf Go"gLs/0fdf ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] e"ldsf ljifos sfo{qmddf af]Nb} pkdxf;lrj xdfnn] oftfoft If]qnfO{ /fHon] pk]Iff u/]sf] bfjL ub}{ b'3{6gf Go"gLs/0fdf ;a}sf] e'ldsf ;dfg x'g'kg]{ atfpg'eof]] . sfo{qmddf g]kfn /fli6«o oftfoft Joj;foL dxf;+3sf s]GbLo pkfWoIf k'ikf >]i7 , /fKtL c~rn ;+of]hs e/tgfy of]uL, s]GbLo ;b:o lrGtfdl0f zdf{n] oftfoft If]qdf ug'{kg]{ ;'wf/sf nflu cufdL lbgdf sbd rfNg ;/sf/nfO{ afWo kfl/g] bfjL ug'{eof] . sfo{qmddf kqsf/ dxf;+3 bfªsf

sfo{ ;dflKt tyf labfO t'n;Lk'/, #) ebf} -o';_– ;dfhdf jftfj/0fLo ;+:yf l;8 / PS;g P8 g]kfnsf] cfof]hgfdf !) jif]{ sfo{ ;dflKt tyf labfO sfo{{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf af]Ng] jQmfx?n] l;8 ;+:yfn] dlxnf clwsf/, dfgjclwsf/, z}lIFs clwsf/, afnclwsf/nfO{ s]GblaGb' agfP/ sfd u/]sf]df wGojfb lbb} cfufdL lbgdf klg To:t} sfddf lg/Gt/ nflu/xg cfux u/]sf lyP . pgLx?n] :f+:yfn] u/]sf] sfdsf] pRr d"NofÍg ub}{ !) jif{sf] cjlwdf u/]sf sfdsf] kz+:ff u/]sf lyP .

p/x/L uflj; ;lrj t'n;L v8\sfsf] kd'v cfltYotfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf ;flxTo l;h{gf afn Snjsf cWoIf kf/; v8\sf, ckfË ;~hfnsL cWoIf /]0f'sf las, dlxnf ljsf; sfof{nosL ;'ifdf lu/L, cd/ pdflj p/x/Lsf kfrfo{ kbdk;fb Gof}kfg]nufotn] ;+:yfn] xfn;Dd u/]sf] kultsf] kz+;f ub}{} cfp“bf lbgdf To;}u/L cufl8 a9\g] ljZjf; AoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] . l;8 ;+:yfsL cWoIf ;f]dtL rf}w/Lsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng lgd{nf dxt/fn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

z'4 / :j:ys/ kfgLsf nflu xfdLnfO{ ;Demg'xf];\ (RO+UV, RO, UV+UF)

dflg;nfO{ *)Ü /f]ux? b'lift kfgLsf] sf/0fn] nfUg] ub{5 . xfdf d]lzgsf kljlwx?n] efO/;, AofS6]l/of, kf]6f]hf]jfnfO{ !))Ü gi6 ub{5 . d]lzg h8fg kl5 ;le{; / :k]/ kf6{;\ klg pknAw 5g\ . olb tkfO{sf] kfgLnfO{ TDS Meter åf/f l;Q}df kfgL kl/If0f u/fpg rfx'g'xG5 eg] xfdLnfO{ ;Demg'xf];\ .

kf]kfO6/M /]zd s]=;L=

dgsfdgf jf6/ jN8{

;8s ljefusf] cufl8 3f]/fxL, bfª kmf]g M )*@–%^@(!!, (*%&*#!$((

bf“t lj/fdLsf ;d:of ;dfwfg

cWoIf ;'bLk uf}td, Onfsf kx/L sfof{no t'n;Lk'/sf kd'v rqm/fh hf]zL, 6«flkms kx/L sfof{no bfªsf kd'v jL/axfb'/ yfkf, clDas]Zj/L oFtfoft Joj;foL ;ldltsf cWoIf 1fgaxfb'/ a:g]t, t'n;Lk'/ pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIf ljdn l/hfn, k]; rf}tf/L bfªsf pkfWoIf ;+uLt a:ofnnufotn] af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] . ;f] cj;/df l/kf]6{;\ Sna t'n;Lk'/n] g]kfn oftfoft Joj;foL /fli6«o dxf;+3sf] clwj]zgdf /fKtLaf6 ljhoL pkfWoIf k'ikf >]i7, pkdxf;lrj ;'/]z xdfn, c~rn ;+of]hs e/tgfy of]uL, s]GbLo ;b:ox? lrGtfdl0f cfrfo{, dl0fsnf /fgfnfO{ ;Ddfg u/]sf] lyof] .

Snjsf cWoIf z/b /]UdLsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng hLjg g]kfnn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

afbn===

sDkgL===

NofP/ cWoog u/fO{ a:g of]Uo x'g] gx'g]df :ki6 kfg{' kg]{ uf]N6fs'/Lsf e'jg 8f“uLn] dfu ug'{eof] . ca ;'/lIft af; eg] s} t6aGw / la1sf] cWoogdf e/kg]{ pxf‘“sf] egfO 5 . lqkfnd'lg Ps dlxgf s6fPsf bfªsf sl/a ^ ;o 3/sf ;of+} jf9LkLl8tx? clxn] klg cfsfzdf afbn b]Vbf ;'/lIft :yfgsf] vf]hL ug{ yfN5g\ . hLjge/ t;f{pg] u/L cfPsf] af9Ln] a9f/]/ n}hfg] xf] ls eGg] lrGtf pgLx?df 5 . cGt st} hfg] 7f“p gx'“bf em08} sfn ag]sf] aaO{ 5]pd} 3/ agfPsfx?nfO{ cfsfz u8\lsbf ;fx} lrGtf nfu]/ cfpg] kLl8t xl;nf g]kfnL atfpg'x'G5 . ;fdfGo xfjfn] p8fpg] lqkfnd'lg af“;sf ef6f laR5fP/ 3/ agfP/ cf>o lnPsf kLl8tx?nfO{ clxn] klg s]] u/L hLjg u'hfg]{ eGg] lrGtf 5 . vfgsf nflu ;+sng ePsf] cGg klg ;lsPkl5 pgLx? ef]sef]s} a;]/ ;'/lIft af;sf nflu ;/sf/sf] cfzfdf 5g\ . of] ;dodf ;/sf/n] uDeL/tfsf ;fy gbL lgoGq0f / ;'/lIft af;sf] Joj:yf gu/] km]l/ gful/sx?n] 7"nf] Iflt a]xf]g'{kg]{ cg'dfg ;d]t pgLx?sf] 5 .

sfd cgnfOgaf6 ul/g] 5 . cgnfOg kljlwaf6 sDkgL btf{sf nflu tof/L clGtd r/0fdf k'u]sf] bfª lhNnf pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf dxf;lrj bLks ;'j]bLn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . pxf“sf cg';f/ ca sDkgLsf] btf{ tyf gjLs/0fsf] ;Dk"0f{ sfd lhNnfaf6} ug{ ;lsg] 5 . …sDkgLsf] sfddf sf7df8f}+ wfpg'kg]{ afWotf ca cGTo x'g]5Ú–pxf“n] eGg'eof]– …;dosf] art x'g'sf ;fy} Joj;foLx?sf] sd;d]t art x'g]5 .Ú cgnfOg kljlw j}1flgs ePsfn] kf/bzL{ x'g] ;'j]bLsf] egfO 5 . o;cl3 dWoklZrd ljsf; If]qdf g]kfnu~h pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3n] dfq cgnfOg kljlwaf6 sDkgL btf{ tyf gjLs/0fsf] sfd ub}{ cfPsf] lyof] . /fKtLdf bfª lhNnf pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 cgnfOg kljlwaf6 sDkgL btf{ tyf gjLs/0fsf] sfd ug]{ klxnf] pjf;+3 ePsf] ;'j]bLn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . kf]v/f, lrtjg, jL/u~h, df]/ª tyf a'6jn pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3df klg o; cl3b]lv g} cgnfOg kljlwaf6 sDkgL btf{ tyf gjLs/0fsf] sfd eO/x]sf] 5 . bfª lhNnf pBf]u jfl0fHo

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wd{ / snf rf8kj{sf] df};d cfhb]lv ebf} dlxgf ;lsb}5 . ebf} ;lsg' eg]sf] aiff{t ;lsg' klg xf] . aiff{ofd ;lsg'sf] cy{ g]kfndf rf8kj{sf] df};d z'? x'g' klg xf] . c;f]h dlxgf;Fu} bz}+ ltxf/h:tf dxTjk"0f{ rf8kj{ z'? x'G5g\ eg] qmdzM ljleGg rf8kj{x? cfpg] ub{5g\ . rf8kj{ eg]sf] d"ntM dflg;x?sf] rxnkxn a9\g] ;do xf] . dflg;x?sf] rnxn a9\g' eg]sf] :jefjtM cfjZostfx? a9\g' / ;dfhdf x'g] ljljw ultljlw s]lGb|t x'g' klg xf] . of] df};d eg]sf] ;a}lt/ ;lqmotf a9\g] ;do klg xf] . ;dfhdf rxnkxn a9\5 . ahf/x?df lsgd]n a9\5 . oftfoftsf ;fwgx?df ofq'sf] rfk a9\5 . rxnkxn / ultljlwdf a[l4 x'g';Fu} ;dfhdf ck/fw klg a9\g yfN5 . h'jftf; / cTolws dlb/f ;]jgsf] ljs[lt lj;+ult klg a9\5 . oL ;a} s'/f rf8kj{sf] df};d;Fu} z'? x'g] r'gf}tL x'g\ . rf8kj{sf] /dfOnf]nfO{ cfdGq0f ul//xFbf oL r'gf}tLsf] ;fdgf ug]{ tof/L klg tt\ lgsfon] ug'{ h?/L 5 . tL ;a} lgsfonfO{ lhDd]jf/ / bfloTjaf]w agfpg ;a}eGbf klxn] t gful/s g} hfu?s aGg' h?/L 5 tfls rf8kj{ ;Eo, ;xh / Jojl:yt agfpg ;lsof];\ . rf8kj{sf] /f}gs z'? x'Fb} ubf{ pkef]Qmf clwsf/sf] ;jfn klg cx+?kdf p7\g] ub{5 . of] a]nfdf ahf/df cTolws lsgd]n x'g] u5{ . lsgd]ndf a[l4 eP;Fu} j:t'sf] u'0f:t/ / d"NonfO{ Wofg lbg ;lsPg eg] pkef]Qmfx? df/df kg]{ vt/f klg /xG5 . t;y{ c?a]nfdf ;'t]sf pkef]Qmf clwsf/sdL{b]lv ;/sf/L lgsfo of] a]nfdf hfUg'k5{ / ahf/ cg'udgnfO{ tLa| agfpg'k5{ . sltko j:t' eP/ klg s[lqd cefj l;h{gf ug]{ / d"No a9fP/ sfnf]ahf/L ug]{ vt/f klg of] a]nfdf /xG5 . o:tf ljs[lt /f]Sg lghL If]qs} cu'jf ;+:yfx?n] kxn yfNg'k5{ . To:t} rf8kj{sf] a]nfdf ;a}eGbf w]/} eL8ef8 x'g] csf]{ If]q xf] oftfoft . ;fFRr} eGbf g]kfnsf] ;fj{hlgs oftfoft If]q c? ;dodf klg Jojl:yt ePsf] b]lvb}g, rf8kj{sf] ;dodf t cem 6f9fsf] s'/f eof] . ;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf ;fwgnfO{ ofq'd}qL agfpg ;lsPsf] 5}g eg] :jo+ ofq'x? klg ;xh ofqf / cfkm\gf] hLjgeGbf rfF8f] k'Ug] s'/fnfO{ kd'v 7fGg] ub{5g\ . o;df b'a} kIf plQs} lhDd]jf/ x'g cfjZos x'G5 . d'Vo lhDd]jf/ t oftfoft ;~rfns / To;df lqmofzLn >ldsx? x'g'kb{5, ;Fu;Fu} ;fj{hlgs oftfoftnfO{ Jojl:yt u/fpg ofq' klg cfkm\gf] hLjgklt ;+j]bgzLn x'g cfjZos 5 . oL ;a} If]qnfO{ ;hu agfpg] sfd /fHosf] xf] . rf8kj{sf a]nfdf vl8\sg] csf]{ s'/f zflGt ;'/Iff xf] . dflg;x?sf] rxkxn;Fu} :jtM ck/fwhGo lqmofsnfk / ljs[lt lj;+ult klg a9\g] ub{5g\ . To:tf lqmofsnfk x'g glbg ;fdflhs ;r]tgf hufpg] sfd t ;a} kIfsf] xf] t/ klg o:tf lqmofsnfk /f]Sg] kd'v sfd kx/L kzf;gsf] xf] . zflGt ;'/IffnfO{ hlt k|efjsf/L agfpg ;lsof] rf8kj{ / d]nfkftx?

Tolt ;xh / Jojl:yt x'g] ub{5g\ . ca z'? x'g yfn]sf] rf8kj{sf] df};dnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ zflGt ;'/Iff Joj:yf kefjsf/L agfpg ;/sf/n] 7f]; sfo{qmd agfpg'k5{ / hg:t/af6 klg To;df ;xof]u x'g'kb{5 . of] jif{sf] rf8kj{ cln a9L gdL7f] t/Lsfn] hfg] b]lvG5 lsgls s]xL ;docl3 b]zJofkL?kdf cfPsf] af9Lklx/f]n] 7"nf] hgwgsf] Iflt k'¥ofPsf] 5 . x'g t k|To]s jif{h;f] o:tf] kL8f ef]Ug'k5{ g} g]kfnLn] t/ of] jif{ cem 7"nf] kL8f ylkPsf] 5 . b]ze/ nfvf}+ hgtf af9L klx/f]af6 k|efljt ePsf 5g\ . w]/}n] cfkm\gf kl/jf/sf ;b:o u'dfPsf 5g\ . xhf/f}+ 3/jf/laxLg ePsf 5g\ . k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf sf/0f pgLx?n] o:tf] kL8f ef]Ug'k/] klg pgLx?n] rf8kj{ dgfpg] cj;/ l;h{gf ul/g'k5{ . ;/sf/n] bz}+cl3 g} kLl8tx?nfO{ cf–cfkm\gf] 3/df kmsf{pg] jf 3/ u'dfPsfx?nfO{ c:yfoL 3/sf] Joj:yf ug]{ ukm lbP klg s'g} 7f]; sfo{qmd lbg ;s]sf] 5}g . slDtdf pgLx?nfO{ bz}+ ltxf/h:tf rf8kj{sf nflu ljz]if /fxt Kofs]hdfkm{t rf8kj{ dgfpg] Joj:yf ul/lbg'k5{ . rf8kj{ ;a}sf nflu cfPsf] xf] eGg] af]w af9LkLl8tx?n] klg ug{ kfpg'k5{ .

d"Nodf Ps?ktf slxn] cfpnf < clxn] bz}, ltxf/h:tf rf8kj{x? glhls/x]sf 5g\ . ahf/df pkef]Qmfx?sf] le8ef8 a9\b} uO/x]sf] 5 . pgLx? b}lgs pkef]Uo ;fdu|L lsGbf Pp6} ;dfgnfO{ x/]s k;n}lkR5] km/s–km/s d"Nodf lsGg afWo 5g\ .

Pp6} ;fdfg lsGgsf nflu pgLx? d"Nos} sf/0f ahf/sf k;n–k;n rfxg{ afWo 5g\ . elgG5 Pp6} ahf/df ;dfg ;fdu|Lsf] d"No ;dfg x'g'k5{ . d"Nodf Ps?ktf x'g'k5{ . t/ clxn] bfªsf ahf/x?df Tof] kfO‘b}g . x/]s k;ndf k;n]x? cfkm" v'zL ;fdfgsf] d"No lgwf{/0f u/]sf 5g\ . Tof] d"No pkef]Qmfx?dfly hah{:t nflbPsf] 5 . j:t'sf] d"No lgwf{/0f ug{] s'g} lgsfo geP h:t} Pp6} ;dfgsf] d"No x/]s k;n}lkR5] km/s–km/s x'‘bf klg oxf‘sf] lhNnf kzf;g sfof{nonufot pkef]Qmfsf xsclwsf/sf lglDt sfd u5f{+} eGb} cfPsf lgsfo klg df}g 5g\ . rf8kj{sf] cj:yfdf ahf/df b}lgs pkef]Uo j:t'sf] d"Nodf Ps?ktf gcfp‘bf pkef]Qmfx? dsf{df k/]sf 5g\ t/ lgod lgodg ug{] lgsfo eg] r"krfk a;]sf] 5 . cem clxn] lhNnfsf Uof‘; laqmL s]Gbx?n] ;lhn} ;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] d"Nodf pkef]Qmfx?nfO{ Uof‘; lbb}gg\ . pgLx?n] s[lqd cefj l;h{gf u/L sfnfahf/L ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;f9] !% ;o ?k}of‘ kg{] Ps l;ln08/ Uof‘;nfO{ ;f9] !& ;o ?k}of‘;Dddf laqmL ug{] u/]sf 5g\ . t/ oxL s'/f lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf uP/ pkef]Qmfn] ph'/L ubf{ k;n]sf] ;a} ljj/0f lbg'xf];\ elgG5 . cg'udgsf] axfgfdf Ps b'O{ k;ndf aflx/L?kdf cg'udg ul/G5 . o;n] s] pkef]QmfnfO{ lxt unf{ t < cem of] k;nn] sfnfahf/L ul//x]sf] 5 eGbf kmf]gaf6 afu]{lgªsf] efiffdf ;'emfj lbP h:tf] ul/G5 clg sfd} vtd . of] slxn];Dd < d Pp6f pkef]Qmfsf] x}l;otn] eGg' kbf{ clxn] ahf/df d"Nodf Ps?ktf 5}g, sfnf]ahf/L eO/x]sf] 5 . o;sf] lgoGq0fsf nflu ;DalGwt lgsfon] cg'udg ug{ h?/L 5 . To:tf] sfd ug{] Jofkf/Lx?nfO{ sf/jfxLsf] bfo/fdf Nofpg h?/L 5 . ;‘u} of] ;do pkef]Qmfx?sf] cf‘vf 5Nb} Dofb u'h]{sf ;fdfgx? klg a9L laqmL ug{] ;do ePsfn] o;df cg'udg x'g'k5{ . sltko Jofkf/Ln] ;fdfgdf nufPsf] n]a'nnfO{ s]/d]6 u/]/ klg pkef]Qmfx?nfO{ laqmL ljt/0f ug{] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .  /fs]z aL;L 3f]/fxL, bfª

utfÍdf …O{ Z j/sf] cjzfgÚ zLif{ s sf] pNn] v l yof] . cfw' l gstfjfb, vf;u/L To;sf k0f] t f km] 8 l/s lgT;] n] , O{ Z j/sf] cjzfg 3f]if0f ul/lbP klg wd{ / O{Zj/sf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ of] ;+;f/df c´} klg 7"nf–7"nf o'4x? rls{/x]sf 5g\ . lxhf] dfq} -;g\ @)!$, ;]K6]Da/ !# df_ O6nLsf kf]kn]– …t];f] ljZj o'4sf] ´ns lbg] o:tf o'4x?klt d lgtfGt b'MvL 5'Ú eGg] ;fj{hlgs cleJolQm lbP . pgnfO{ dfq} xf]Og xfn ;f/f ;+;f/nfO{ g} o:t} eon] t;f{O/x]sf] 5 . ?k kIfdf oL o'4x? /fhgLlts ´} b]lvP klg ;f/ kIfdf logLleq wd{s} s'/f n's]sf] x'G5 . Oh/fon, O/fs, O/fg, OlhK6 ckmuflg:tfg, l;l/of ;a}lt/sf åGåx?df s]xL g s]xL wfld{s sf/0f n's]s} 5 . åGåsf s'/f 5f]8f}+ b'O{ b]zaLr ldqtf cfbfg– kbfgsf] ;jfndf ;d]t wd{sf] ljifo plQs} hf]l8P/ cfPsf] b]lvG5 . 8f= afa' / fd e§/fO{ k wfgdGqL x' “ b f cd]l/sf e|d0f u/] . Toxf“sf /fi6«klt af/fs cf]jfdf;‘usf] e]6df pgnfO{ Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ pkxf/ ldNof] . Tof] lyof] afOan . cl:t ev{/} l5d]sL /fi6« ef/tsf kwfgdGqL g/]Gb df]bLn] hfkfgnfO{ Pp6f dxTjk"0 f{ k': ts pkxf/ lbP . Tof] lyof] uLtf . c´} klg ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfdf /fi6«kltn] afOan 5f]P/ zky vfg] rng 5 . o;af6 s] k'l i6 x'G5 eg] wd{ / /fhgLltsf] 3f“ 6 L hf] l 8Psf] 5 .

Pp6fnfO{ sf6\bf csf{]nfO{ b'V5 . o;} sf/0f xf]nf lj=lk=sf cgGo lzio v'daxfb'/ v8\sfn] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg / cfkm\g} kf6L{sf] DofG8]6 eGbf aflx/ uP/ wd{lg/k]Iftfsf] lvnfkdf af]N5g\ / lxGb" /fHosf] dfu ub{5g\ . sdn yfkfsf] t ´g s] s'/f < wd{df d'l5Psf] /fhgLlt, c´ egf}+ r'gfj lrGx ufO{, pgsf] nflu kmlnkmfk ePsf] 5 . ufO{df r9fP/ efONfFO{ ;d]t ;+ljwfg;ef;DDf l5/fO;s] . /fhgLl teGbf k/ snf / l;h{gfsf] If]qdf ;d]t cr]n wd{n] v'n]cfd k|j]z kfPsf] 5 . of] v'nf ax; p7fpg] ;DejtM klxnf] dlxnf ;|i6f x'g\ cGh' kGt . ;'dw'/ :j/sf oL rlr{t uflosfnfO{ wd{s} sf/0f gjb'uf{ ;DaGwL uLt ufpg ldn]g /] .

wd{sf] cf8df lxhf] ljZje/ pklgj]zjfbsf] cEof; ePsf] Oltxf; 5 . …l;lenfOlhª ld;gÚÚ -civilizing mission_ cyf{t ;Eotfsf] kf7 l;sfpg] cleofgsf gfddf k5fl8lt/ aGb's / cufl8lt/ afOan af]s]/ eujfgs} b"tsf ?kdf c? b]zsf] ;Ldf kj]z ug]{, /ftf/ft ToxfFsf hgtfsf] xftdf afOan ydfOlbg] / cfkm\gf] xftdf ;Qf lng] clg aGb'ssf] e/df zf;g ;DxfNg] pklgj]zL ;fdfHojfbsf] e"tn] cem} klg clkmsL Pj+ PlzofnL ljkGg /fi6«x?nfO{ t;f{pg 5f]8]sf] 5}g . klZrd–Ot/sf -u}/–klZrdL_ b]zx?n] of] pklgj]zjfbL rl/qnfO{ lrGg'k5{ / 86]/ To;sf] ;fdgf;d]t ug'{k5{ .

 l ji 0 f ' kef t b f xf n Tof] uLtsf zAbx? pgn] c‘ufn]sf] gof“ wd{;‘u d]n gvfg] eP5g\ jf egf}+ pgL tL zAbx?;‘ u d] n gvfg] eO5g\ . crDd nfU5, dfG5]x? lsg wdf{Gt/0f u5{g\ xf]nf < cflv/ ltgn] kfp‘5g\ s] < kfk of k'0o < c~h'sf] …:Sof08nÚ n] ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf– k]hx? 5\ofk– 5\oflKt el/Pkl5 kfoM ;a} g]kfnLx?sf] dgdf wdf{Gt/0faf/] uDeL/ kZgx? p7\g yfn]sf 5g\ . x'g t OR5fPsf] wd{ c‘ufNg kfpg' c~h'nufot cGo ;a} sf] nflu ;+ l jwfgkbQ g} ; lu{ s clwsf/ xf] t/ klg g]kfnL ;dfhdf b]l vPsf] wdf{ Gt/0fsf] rl/qn] s] x L cfz+sf l;h{gf u/]sf] 5 . of] qmd oxL 9+un] a[l4 x'‘b} uof] eg] ef]ln o;n] xfdf] ;dfhdf åGå l;h{gf gunf{ eGg ;lsb} g . cfh wdf{ Gt/0fs} sf/0f c~h' s f] unf / snfdfly sn+ s yf]kl/Psf] 5 . pgsf cfkm\g} km\ofgx? kIf / ljkIfdf af‘l8Psf 5g\ . Pp6f cgk]l Ift lau| x b] lvg yfn] sf] 5 .

Toxf‘leq kmf]x/L /fhgLlt kj]z ul/;s] h:tf] 5 . wd{n] af6f] la/fof] eg] pTkGg x'g] kl/0ffdx? k|foM o:t} x'G5g\ . o;} klqsfsf] ldlt @)&! ;fn ;fpg @@ ut] laxLjf/ ksflzt Pp6f c+sdf rr{af6 P3f/ afnssf] p4f/ eGg] ;dfrf/ k9]sf] lyP‘ . kf‘r b]lv bzjif{;Ddsf tL caf]w afnsx?nfO{ x' D nfb] l v nnfOkmvfO{ u/L df] / ª ;f]/fefu–# Odflgon sl;{of rr{df k' ¥ ofOPsf] /x] 5 . aGws cj:yfd} ltgnfO{ rr{af6 p4f/ ul/P5 . Tof] 36gfn] rr{sf] rl/qnfO{ pbfËf] kfg]{ sfd u¥of] . Tof] Pp6f ;fgf] b[i6fGt dfq} xf] . ljZj Oltxf;df aGb's / afOansf af/] s}of}+n] ;of}+ s[ltx? g} l;h{gf u/]sf 5g\ . afOan / aGb's af]s]/ ljleGg axfgfdf clkmsL Pj+ PlzofnL ljkGg d'n'sx?df kj]z ug]{

/ /ftf/ft Toxf‘sf] clwklt aGg] klZrdf ;fd|f HojfbLx?sf] k"/fg} k|a[ lQ xf] . blIf0f clkmsfsf e"tk"j{ /fi6«klt :j= g]nzg d08]nfn] Ps 7fp‘df pNn]v u/]sf 5g\– cl3Nnf] /ft klZrdfx? pgsf] b]zdf kj]z ug]{ a]nf ltgsf] xftdf s] j n afOan l yof] / clk|msLx?sf] xftdf ;Qf lyof] . csf]{ laxfg Jo"‘lemg] a]nf clkmsLx?sf] xftdf afOan lyof] / klZrdf ;fdfHojfbLsf] xftdf blIf0f clk|msfsf] ;Qf lyof] . oxL xf] afOansf] hfb" jf eGg' ; \ cnf}lss zlQm . Tof] zlQm uLtf jf s'/fgdf 5}g eGbf klg x'G5 . oxL sf/0f c? wd{x? lqmlZrog;/x la:tf/jfbL / krf/d'vL gePsf x'g\ eGg] lj1x?sf] 7x/ 5 . To;f] t ;a} wd{sf cf–cfkm\gf cfnf] r gfTds kIfx? 5g\ . cfnf]rgf/lxt s'g} wd{ g} 5}g . k|;+ujz rr{ / afOansf s'/f p7]sf]df s;}nfO{ cGoyf gk/f]; eGg] cfu|x . dWoo' u ;Dd afOannfO{ k/d] Zj/åf/f :j/lrt kljq / k'Ho wfld{s u|Gy dflgGYof] . o;sf] cg'jfbdf ;d]t k|ltaGw lyof] . hf]g ljlSnkm gfdsf Ps hgf ;' w f/jfbL ljåt JolQmTjn] o;nfO{ ;j{;fwf/0fn] ;d]t k9\g / a'em\g ;s"g eGg] c;n dg;fon] n]l6g efiffaf6 c+u|]hLdf cg'jfb u/] .

Tof] a]nf lk|lG6Ë k|]; lyPg . pgsf kf08'lnkLx? g} rr{sf kfb/LaLr kl;4 x'g yfn] . la8Dagf † pgnfO{ rr{s} cufl8 sf]/f{ nufP/ dfg]{ sfd eof] . pgsf lzio tyf krf/sx?n] emg} 7"nf] oftgf em]Ng' k¥of] . af]lxldofsf hf]g x;nfO{ lhp‘b} hnfOof] . k|foM ;a} wd{sf o:t} lgd{d Oltxf; e]l6G5g\ . lxGb' wdf{jnDaLx?n] dfGg] u/]sf] ;ltkyf klg sd ljbf/s lyPg . wd{ l eq dfgjtfsf] xTof x'G5 eg] To:tf] wd{ sbflk u|F x\o x' ‘b } g . ToxL eP/ g}

cfw'lgstfjfbn] dfgj s]lGbt ljZj b[li6sf]0f cufl8 ;f/]sf] xf] . dfG5]nfO{ ;[l i6sf] s]GbljGb'df :yflkt ub} { O{Zj/sf] cjzfg 3f]if0ff u/]sf] xf] . wd{ sf] cf8df lxhf] ljZje/ pklgj] z jfbsf] cEof; ePsf] Oltxf; 5 . …l;lenfOlhª ld;gÚ -civilizing mission_ cyf{ t ;Eotfsf] kf7 l;sfpg] cleofgsf gfddf k5fl8lt/ aGb's / cufl8lt/ afOan af]s]/ eujfgs} b"tsf ?kdf c? b]zsf] ;Ldf kj]z ug]{, /ftf/ft Toxf‘ sf hgtfsf] xftdf afOan ydfOlbg] / cfkm\gf] xftdf ;Qf lng] clg aGb'ssf] e/df zf;g ;DxfNg] pklgj]zL ;fdfHojfbsf] e"tn] cem} klg clkmsL Pj+ PlzofnL ljkGg /fi6«x?nfO{ t;f{pg 5f]8]sf] 5}g . kl Zrd–Ot/sf -u} / –klZrdL_ b]zx?n] of] pklgj]zjfbL rl/qnfO{ lrGg'k5{ / 86]/ To;sf] ;fdgf;d]t ug'{k5{ . o:tf] a]nf c~h' kGth:tf] …g]zgn ;]lnla6LÚ n] wdf{Gt/0f ug]{ / c?sf] k5fl8 nfu]/ cfkm\g} k'vf{sf] 3/df cfuf] nufpg] sfd sbflk ug'{ x'‘b}g eGg] cfd g]kfnL bfh'efO tyf lbbLalxgLsf] d+undo sfdgf 5 . c~h'n] st} s]xL uNtL g} u/]sf] eP klg kfolZrt ug'{k5{ / cfkm"nfO{ ;Rofpg' k5{ . snfsf] s'g} wd{ x'‘b}g . snfsfl/tf g} To;sf] OlyS; xf] . df]xDdb /kmL cfkm" d'l:nd eP klg y' k | } lxGb' ehgx? ufPsf 5g\ . cletfe aRrg cfkm" lxGb" eP klg slxn] d'l:nd t slxn] lqmlZrogsf] e"ldsfdf ;d]t lkmNd v]n]sf 5g\ . olb c~h'sf] klg To:t} …:6f/Ú aGg] ;kgf xf] eg] wd{sf] gfddf snfklt s'g} kIfkft ug'{x'‘b}g . ;a}k|lt ;lxi0f' Jojxf/ b]vfpg' g} pko'Qm x'G5 . ;lxi0f'tf g} ;a} wd{sf] dd{ xf] .

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ndxL gu/ ljsf; ;ldltdf eQfsf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ /fhgLlts bnsf kltlglw ;b:ox? / ;ldltsf ;b:o ;lrjaLr ePsf] lsrnf] tkfO“nfO{ s:tf] nfUof] < b]j/fh l/hfn M s] x'g', cln–cln ljsf; x'g yfn]sf] lyof] ToxL sfdnfO{ cw'/f] k'¥ofpg] .

cf]d ksfz M oxfF hgtf / ;dfhsf] ljsf;sf] nflu eGbf cfkm\gf] :jfy{sf] nflu s';L{df k'Ug]x?n] ubf{ g} x/]s ljifodf lsrnf] k}bf u5{ .

dfwj 3tL{ M lsrnf] ug]{ eQf ksfpg] v]n h:tf] nfUof] .

kdf]b lu/L M xfdf] b]zsf ef]sf gfª\uf g]tfn] kSs} klg vfg kfd eg]/ t lsrnf] u/]sf] xf]nf lg . :6f/ e08f/L M o:t} 5 g]kfndf hfF klg k};fsf] v]n dfq .

;Gtf]if cNk0f{ ljNu]6\; M of] b]zdf o:tf lqmofsnfk x'g'df s'g} crDd dfGg kb}{g .

lvdaxfb'/ >]i7 M ljrf/ ;a}sf] 7Ls xf] t/ ljjfb u/]/ s'/f nDAofpg] s'g} sf/0f g} 5}g . ksfz rf}w/L M ljsf; ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?n] ljsf;] sfdsf] nflu /fv]sf] xf], eQf vfgsf] nflu xf]Og . of] lsrnf] 7Ls nfu]g .

;fgf] c;Gt'li6 eof] eg] km];a'sdf :6f6; n]v]/ a'?Ss plkmxfNg] t/Lsf 7Ls ePg . c;Gt'li6 eP kf6L{ jf dGqL;Fu cfP/ /fVg';\ . ;fj{hlgs9+un] la:s'g a]:;/L 5l/lbof], of] 5l/g] vfnsf] la:s'g ;'sfP/ aaf{b ef] .

– s]kL zdf{ cf]nL -Pdfn] cWoIf_ bnx? /fli6«o /fhgLlts ;Dd]ng ug{ tof/ ePsfn] ;+ljwfgsf] cGtj{:t'df ;xdlt ePkl5 hxfFaf6 ;+ljwfg hf/L u/] klg xfdLx?nfO{ cfklQ 5}g . ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ xfdLn] lgif]w u/]sf 5}gf}+ . clxn] xfdLn] ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ lj36g ug'{k5{ eg]/ dfu /fv]sf klg 5}gf}+ . t;y{ ;+ljwfg;efaf6} ;+ljwfg hf/L u/] xfdLnfO{ cfklQ 5}g .

– ;LkL uh'/]n -g]skf–dfcf]jfbLsf pkfWoIf_ ;+jfb ;ldltnfO{ ;do yk u/]/ dfq} ;xdlt h'6\g ;Sb}g . ;xdltsf ljifodf ;+ljwfg d:of}bf ;ldltn] PsLs[t d:of}bf n]vgsf] sfd ug]{ ;do g;lsb} ;+jfb ;ldltn] ;xdlt h'6fO;Sg'k5{ . ;DafbnfO{ Pp6f ;xdlt h'6\gf;fy ;+ljwfg;ef x'Fb} d:of}bfdf k7fpg] / ;xdlt h'6\g g;s]sf] ljifonfO{ k|ZgfjnL k7fpg'kg]{ sfof{b]z lbg'k5{ . ;xdlt h'6\g g;s]sf ljifo dtbfgaf6 6'+Uofpgsf nflu k|ZgfjnL cfjZos k5{ .

– uug yfkf -;ef;b_ xhf/f}+ xlnofsf nflu g]kfndf :yflkt nf]stGq aFw'jf nf]stGq xf] . dflnsx?af6 afFwf agfOPsf] tGq h;n] pgLx?sf nflu ;fdflhs Gofo :yfkgfsf] ;f6f] ;fdflhs pTkL8gnfO{ hf/L /fVg d2t u/]sf] 5 .

– /fh]Gb dxh{g -ljZn]ifs_ s'g} klg b]z / /fHon] h'g k4lt / Joj:yf cFufNbf /fi6«nfO{ kmfObf x'G5 / s'g af6f] lxF8\bf gf]S;fg x'g ;S5 . uDeL/?kn] ljrf/ u/L cl3 a9\g' cfjZos x'G5 . cfkm\gf] b]zsf] ljz]iftf ga'emL nx}nx}df wd{ ;DaGwdf klZrdsf] gSsn u/]df To;sf] uDeL/ gsf/fTds kl/0ffd b]zn] ef]Ug'kg]{5 . /, of] ax'wfld{s b]z ;+s6sf] e'd/Ldf km:g] vt/f a9\g] 5 .

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a9\bf] ljZjJofkL pli0fs/0f, jg km8fgL, lgoldt jg 89]nf], a9\ b f] cJojl:yt zx/Ls/0f tyf kb" i f0f, a[ I ff/f] k 0f, jg ;Da4{ g tyf lbuf] Joj:yfkgdf nfk/jfxL, 1fgsf] sdL, Ecosystem df c;Gt' n g, a9\ b f] hg;+ V of a[ l 4b/ tyf pBf] uwGbf OToflbsf sf/0f hnjfo' kl/jt{g eO/x] sf] 5 / o;sf] df/ kl5Nnf] k' :tfn] a9L v] Kg] lglZrt eO;s] sf] 5 . k|of; ug'{ a'l4dfgL x'G5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] ljZjnfO{ g} kefj kfl//x]sf] kl/j]zdf g]kfndf klg o;sf] c;/ s]xL dfqfdf b]lvg yfn]sf 5g\ h:t} a9\bf] zx/Ls/0f, cJojl:yt a;f]af;, h+un ljgfz, 89]nf], kmf]x/d}nfsf sf/0f jftfj/0f x| f ; eO/x] s f] 5 . t;y{ dfgjLo lqmofsnfksf sf/0f cgfjZos dfqfdf sfj{gsf] dfqf a9\g uO{ jfo'd08nLo ;tx aflUn+b} hgfn] ljZoJofkL pli0fs/0f x'g uO{ lxdfno >[ +cnfdf lxp‘ kUng], lxdtfn ljikmf]6 eO{ af9L hfg], e"–Ifo x'g], klx/f] hfg], clta[li6, v08a[li6 x'g] h:tf ;d:of al9/x]sf 5g\ . kmn:j?k jif]{gL xhf/f}+ ul/j ljkGg ;d'bfox? 3/jf/ tyf hUufljxLg eO/x]sf 5g eg] xhf/f}+sf] Hofg uO/x]sf] 5 . ev{/dfq l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] h'/]df ePsf] dfgjLo, cfly{s tyf ef}lts Iflt jf:tjdf ck'/0fLo 5 . To:t} af‘s] alb{of, bfª tyf ;' v]{tdf ePsf] af9L tyf ufp‘ 8'afgdf k/]kl5 xhf/f}+ ul/j tyf ljkGg hgtf 3/jf/ljxLg ePsf 5g\ ef]sef]s} a:g afWo ePsf 5g\ eg] w]/}sf] Hofg u'd]sf] 5 . To:t} af9L tyf klx/f] d f k/L ?s' d , hfh/ssf] 6 , sfnLsf]6h:tf kxf8L lhNnfx?df y'k}sf] Hofg u'd]sf] 5 . ;dudf b]ze/ nueu tLg ;oeGbf a9Lsf] Hofg uO;s]sf] 5 eg] @)–@% xhf/ a9L lj:yflkt ePsf 5g\ w]/} a]kQf ePsf 5g\ eg] s/f]8f}+sf] Iflt eO;s]sf] 5 . g]tf tyf 7"nfa8f r9\g] x]lnsf]K6/ p4f/df kof]u u/] s] laluG5 < ;'v]{tdf l;dnsf] ?vdf !! 306fdf cfdfsf] 5]p;‘u} /x]sf # / !) jif]{ afns l;dnsf] ?vaf6 v;]/ af9Ldf k/L Hofg u' dfpg' df ;/sf/sf] r/d nfk/jfxL tyf u}/lhDd]jf/kg xf] . ljutsf jif{x?df s}nfnL, bfr'{nf, sf] zL, aaO{ tyf /fKtL gbLsf] ;]/fkm]/f] If]qdf af9L, klx/f] tyf 8'afg kg{ uO{ dfgj hghLjgdf ePsf] Iflt tyf c;/ klg ct'ngLo 5 . o:tf vfnsf ;d:ofx? xfdL jif]{gL al9/x]sf] cg'e"lt ul//x]sf 5f}+ . a9\bf] hnjfo' kl/jt{g tyf o;sf] sf/0fn] x'g] Ifltsf] ult a9\b} hfg] xf] eg] lxdfnL If]q, kxf8L If]qsf] dfgj a:tL tyf e"efu e" :vng, klx/f], e"–lj:kmf]6, af9L tyf e"–Ifo eP/ gbL 5]psf a:tLx? tyf t/fO{sf 7"nf–7"nf dfgj a:tL, pj{/ e"ld phf8 x'g ] vt/f al9/x]sf] 5 . kLl8tx?nfO{ /fxt tyf hUuf pknAw u/fpgsf nflu ;/sf/;‘u kof{Kt k"‘hL tyf ;f]t geO/x]sf] cj:yfdf 7"nf] cfz ug'{ klg Joy{ x'G5 . /f]u nfUg lbg' eGbf /f]u g} nfUg glbg' a'l4dfgL x'g] ePsfn] hf]lvd If]qdf a;f] af; ug] { hgtf jiff{ tsf] cjlwdf a9LeGbf a9L ;'/lIft :yfgdf /xg' a]z x'G5 . ;/sf/n] s]xL ul/b]nf eGg] cfzfdf a:g] xf] eg] lglZrt?kdf Iflt Joxf]g'{ k5{ . o:tf vfnsf Iflt sd ug{ /fHon] s] s:tf sfo{ qmd tyf gLlt agfPsf] 5 t, lsg o:tf vfnsf ;d:ofx? Go"gLs/0f ug{ l9nfOeO/x]sf] 5 < l;+xb/af/leqsf] P;L?ddf a;] sfx?sf] Wofg slxn] hfg] o:tf hf] lvd If]qx?df < 7" nfa8f dGqLx?, g]tfx? tyf

xflsdx? pQm If] qdf cjnf]sg ed0f u/]/, b'O{ yf]kf cf‘;' r' xfp‘ b}df, dL7f] cfZjf;g dfq lb+ b}df / rfprfp, la:s' 6 tyf lrp/f h:tf lrh /fxt lb+b}df o;sf] ;d:of ;dfwfg x'G5 t < casf lbgdf o:tfvfnsf kfs[lts ksf] kx? x' g glbg / x'g] vt/f ePdf s] ug] {, eOxfn] df ;a} ;/f] sf/jfnf lgsfox?sf] e" ldsf s] x' g] < o:tf vfnsfGenuine Question k|To] s hghgdf p7\ g h?/L 5 . @)%! ;fn c;f/ & ut] Kjfª uflj;sf] t'afª vf]nfdf uPsf] af9Ln] dnufot c? kf‘rhgf ;fyLx? /flt @M)) ah]b]lv $M#) ;Dd lednsf] ?vdf r9]/ af‘r]sf lyof}+ .

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rrf{ ug{ rfxG5'M, cg's"ng / o;sf ksf/x? hnjfo' kl/jt{ gsf] sf/0f x' g] jf:tljs jf ;Defljt kefjsf] ;fdfgfy{ kfs[lts Pj+ dfgjLo k0ffnL;‘ u ;dfof] hg x' g] klqmof cg' s"ng xf] h;cGtu{ t ;Defljt xfgLnfO{ dTy/ kfg]{ jf kmfObfhgs cj;/x?sf] ;b' kof] u ug] { k| of;x? kb{ 5g\ . h;nfO{ lgDg 5 Kfsf/df af‘ l8Psf] 5 M -!_ k" jf{g'dflgt cg's"n (Anticipatory Adaptation) hnjfo' kl/jt{ gsf] kefj b]lvg' jf dx;'; ug' {k"j{ ul/g] sfo{ .

-@_ :j:km't{?kdf ul/g] cg's"ng (Autonomous Adaptation) hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] kefjklt ;r]t geO{ ul/g] sfo{ .

-#_ of]hgfa4 cg's"ng (Planned Adaptation) hnjfo' kl/jt{ gsf] kefjklt ;f]r ljrf/k"j{s of]hgfj4 ul/g] sfo{ .

-$_lghL cg's"ng (Private Adaptation) JolQm, 3/w'/L jf lghL sDkgLåf/f cfkm\ g f] lxt Pj+ OR5fadf]l hd cEof;df NofOg] cg's"ng sf sfo{ .

-%_ ;fj{hlgs cg's"ng (Public Adaptation) ;/sf/ jf /fHon] ;fj{hlgs lxtsf] nflu cu;/tf lnO{ sfof{Gjogdf NofOg] cg's"ng sfo{ .

-^_ kltsf/fTds cg's"ng (Reactive Adaptation) hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] kefj b]lvPkZrft cEof;df NofOg] cg's"ng sfo{ . cg's'ng gLlt tyf of]hgf lgdf{0f ubf{ lgDg s'/fx?nfO{ Wofg lbg' kb{5– -!_ jt{dfg cj:yfdf ljBdfg hf] lvdsf] ;+j]bgzLntfsf] d"Nof+sg ug]{ .

-@_ eljiodf hnjfo'sf] sf/0f x'g;Sg] hf]lvdsf] d"Nof+sg .

-#_ ljBdfg ;fdYo{tf / cg's"ng cEof;sf] d"Nof+sg .

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pBd ljsf;sf nflu ;/sf/n] Wofg lbg'k5{ q bLks ;'j]bL dxf;lrj, bfª lhNnf pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3

bfª lhNnf pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf dxf;lrj bLks ;'j]bL pBd ljsf;sf nflu ;/sf/n] Wofg lbg'kg]{ atfpg'x'G5 . lgs6 eljiodf bfª klZrd g]kfns} cfly{s s]GblaGb' aGg] pxf“sf] egfO 5 . bfª pjf;+3sf] ultljlw, cfufdL of]hgf, lhNnfsf Joj;foLsf] ;d:of, bfªsf] ljsf;sf ;Defjgfnufotsf ljifodf s]lGbt eP/ gof“ o'uaf]wsf kf08j zdf{n] ;'j]bL;“u u/]sf] s'/fsfgLsf] ;f/;+If]k M bfª lhNnf pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3n] clxn] s] ul//x]sf] 5< bfª lhNnf pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ePsf] ev{/} xf] . lgjf{rgsf] dfWodaf6 gof“ sfo{;ldlt cfPsf] 5 . gof“ sfo{;ldlt rog nuQ} xfdLn] ;a} ;b:onfO{ lqmofzLn agfpgsf] nflu / uf]naGb ug{sf nflu sbd rfn]sf 5f}+ . ev{/} ef“8f Joj;foL / dlxnf pBdL ;ldlt u7g ul/;s]sf 5f}+ . o;n] ubf{ ;a} Joj;foLx?nfO{ pjf;+3df uf]naGb ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] 5 . glhlsb} u/]sf] rf8kj{nfO{ dWogh/ u/]/ xfdLn] ;Dk"0f{ Joj;foLx?nfO{ ;r]t agfpg yfn]sf 5f}+ . cf}Bf]lus If]q, ;efu[x / sDkgLx?sf] btf{ tyf gjLs/0f cgnfOg kljlwaf6 ug{sf nflu pjf;+3n] kxn ul//x]sf] 5 . xfdL :yfgLo ljsf;sf d'2fnfO{ lnP/ ev{/} s]Gbdf 8]lnu]zg uPsf lyof}+ . Tolta]nf xfdLnfO{ ljleGg dGqfnoaf6 cfZjf;g kfKt ePsf] 5 . pjf;+3sf] casf] kfyldstf s] xf] < ;+:yfsf] lbuf] cfly{s ljsf; g} xfdf] ;a}eGbf pRr kfyldstf xf] . xfdLn] ;+:yfsf] cfly{s ;f]t s;/L alnof] agfpg ;lsG5 eg]/ of]hgf agfO/x]sf 5f}+ . ;+:yfsf] nflu lbuf] cfly{s ;f]t vf]Hg'kg]{5 . cfly{s ;f]tlagf xfdLn] s'g} klg sfd ug{ ;Sb}gf}+ . ;+3sf] ;'b[9Ls/0f xfdf] csf]{ kfyldstf xf] . To;}u/L ;efu[x lgdf{0f, cf}Bf]lus If]qnufotsf 7"nf kl/of]hgf cl3 ;fl/Psf] 5 . tL ;a} kl/of]hgf ;DkGg ug{sf] nflu cfly{s ;f]t h'6fpg'kg]{5 . pjf;+3n] ljutdf cl3 ;f/]sf 7"nf kl/of]hgfx?nfO{ ;DkGg ub}{ gof“ sfo{qmd Nofpg' xfdf] cleef/f xf] . bfªdf lgs6 eljiodf g} Ps ufp“ Ps pTkfbg cleofg z'? x'g yfn]sf] 5 . g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3 dfkm{t xfdLn] ;f] kl/of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ yfn]sf xf}+ . ;fy} lhNnfsf] ko{6g ljsf;df pjf;+3n] Wofg lbg]5 . bfªsf] ljsf;sf nflu s[lifsf] Joj;foLs/0fsf ;fy} ko{6g If]qsf]

ljsf; ug'{k5{ eGg] xfdf] dfGotf xf] . oxf“sf Joj;foLx?sf] d'Vo ;d:of s] xf] < d'n'se/sf Joj;foLx? ljleGg ;d:ofaf6 u'lhPsf 5g\ . bfªsf Joj;foLx?sf klg To:t}vfn] ;d:of 5g\ . ;fy} lhNnfdf s]xL ljlzi6 ksfsf/ ;d:of 5g\ . 3/axfn s/ oxf“sf Joj;foLx?sf] d'Vo ;d:of ag]sf] 5 . 3/ wgL / axfndf a:g] Joj;foLx?aLr plrt ;dGjo gx'“bf ;do–;dodf ;d:of cfpg] u/]sf] 5 . o;sf] j}1flgs9+un] ;dfwfg ug'{k5{ eGg] xfdf] dfGotf 5 . :yfgLo lgsfoaf6 x'g] em~eml6nf] klqmofn] ubf{ pBf]u btf{ tyf gjLs/0fdf ;d:of kl//x]sf] 5 . 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{non] oxf“sf pBf]ux?sf] ljsf;sf nflu ;xof]u ug'{k5{ . Go"g ljhsLs/0f / Eof6sf] y]; xf]N8 klg Joj;foLx?sf] ;d:of xf] . clxn] ;/sf/n] @) nfv ?k}of“ eGbf dflysf] sf/f]jf/ ug]{x?nfO{ Eof6df /fv]sf] 5 . of] cln Jojxfl/s 5}g . jiff}{+cl3 ag]sf] gLltn] clxn] sfd ug{ ;Sb}g . dx+uLn] ubf{ nufgL a9fpg' kg]{ cj:yf 5 . ca ;/sf/n] %) nfv ?k}of“;Ddsf] sf/f]jf/nfO{ Kofgd} sfd ug{ lbg] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ . bfªdf nf]8;]l8ª / nf]ef]N6]hsf sf/0f klg Joj;foLx?n] ;d:of ef]lu/xg'k/]sf] 5 . ;/sf/L em~eml6nf] klqmofn] klg ;d:of k/]sf] 5 . ca pBf]u;DaGwL sfd ug{sf] nflu ljleGg dGqfno, ljefu tyf sfof{no wfpg'kg]{ Joj:yfsf] cGTo x'g'k5{ . ;a} sfd Psåf/ k0ffnLaf6 ug'{k5{ . ;/sf/n] gLltu?kdf ;/nLs[t ub}{ ghfg] xf] eg] g]kfndf nufgLsf] jftfj/0f aGg ;Sb}g . nufgL ug]{ nufgLstf{ eP klg To;sf] nflu jftfj/0f agfpg] kd'v bfloTj ;/sf/sf] g} xf] . ;/sf/ ;a} gLltx? pBf]u tyf Joj;foLd}qL agfpg'k5{ . t/ g]kfndf Joj;foLd}qL sfg"g\ 5}g . /fHosf ljleGg lgsfodf a:g'ePsf JolQmTjx?n] efif0fdf dfq nufgLsf] jftfj/0f agfp“5 eGg] eGbf klg Jojxfl/s?kdf g} sfof{Gjog u/]/ b]vfpg'k5{ .

;a}eGbf w]/} h]l;jL d]l;g bfªdf q uf]ljGb v8\sf

3f]/fxL, #) ebf} . clxn];Dd /fKtLdf &% j6f h]l;jL d]l;gx? rln/x]sf]df bfªdf dfq} %( j6f /x]sf] df]e;{ kfln h]l;jLsf] zfvf sfof{no 3f]/fxL bfªn] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5. …ufxs w]/} oxL+ ePsfn] zfvf vf]n]sf xf}+, pgLx?nfO{ rflxg] ;a} lsl;dsf] ;]jf ;'ne t/Lsfn] lbg] u/]sf 5f}+Ú– zfvf O~rfh{ lszf]/ zfxLn] eGg'eof] . pxf“sf cg';f/ ut h]7 $ ut] 3f]/fxLdf zfvf v'n]sf] xf] . To;cl3 dd{t ug'{k/] jf k"hf{ vf]Hg' k/] j'6jn jf sf7df8f+} hfg'kb{Yof] . gof“ d];Lgx? a]Rg], kf6{;x? rflxP lbg], ;le{; rflxP pknJw u/fpg] sfd zfvfn] ul//x]sf] O~rfh{ zfxLsf] egfO 5 . pxf“sf cg';f/ rf/ hgf Ol~hlgo/x? tof/L cj:yfdf zfvfdf x'G5g\ eg] x/]s k"hf{x?sf] :6s /flvPsf] 5 . k'/fgf] laluP ca st} hfg'kb}{g . pgLx?nfO{ k"0f{ ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] Joj:yf 5 . w]/} ;d:of cfof] / :6s kf6{k"hf{ ;lsof] eg] klg t'?Gt} a'6jnaf6 dufpg] Joj:yf 5 . tLg ;L -;]n/, ;le{; / :k]o/_ ;]jf lbg] u/]sf] 5 . 3f]/fxL zfvfn] ! ;o #$ d]l;gnfO{ ;]jf lbO/x]sf] kf6{; ;le{; d]g]h/ 1fg] Zj/ ofbjn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . …si6d/ nfO{ dsf{ kg{ lbGgf}+, sf7df8f}+sf] s]GbLo clkm; h:t} xf]Ú– ofbjn] eGg'eof] . pxf“sf cg';f/ o:tf zfvf sfof{nox? b]ze/ ;ftj6f 5g\ eg] bfª b]zsf] 5}7f}+ zfvfdf kb{5 . a]nfotL sDkgL h]l;jLn] g]kfndf @))@ b]lv cfkm\gf d]l;gx? a]Rg yfn]sf] xf] . clxn] g]kfndf c;L kltzt ahf/ h]l;jLn] lnPsf] O~rfh{ zfxLn] hfgsf/L lbg' eof] . ljleGg kf“r lsl;dsf :Sofe]6/, rf/ lsl;dsf Eofs'nf]8/, b'O{ lsl;dsf efOaf] DofS;{ /f]n/, lnkm\6nnufotsf d]l;gx? :6s /flvPsf] O~rfh{ zfxLn] atfpg'eof] .

dWo kxf8L /fhdfu{ /fKtLaf6} uPsf] 5 . l;d]G6 km]S6«L ot} 5g\, 7]Ssfk§f w]/} ot} x'G5g\, qm;/ pBf]ux? klg w]/} 5g\ . To; sf/0f klg o:tf d]l;gsf] Jofkf/ a9]sf] kflnsf] ljZn]if0f 5 . o; If]qsf p“rf l9:sfx?nfO{ ;Dd kfg{ / df6f] a]r]/ nfe p7fpg klg o;sf] dxTj a9]sf] 5 . To; sf/0f klg ef8fdf lbg w]/}n] d]l;g lsg]sf 5g\ eg] O“6fe§f w]/} ePsfn] Toxf“ klg d]l;gsf] h?/t 5 . casf] ljsf; x'g] d'Vo 7fp“sf ?kdf bfª pbfPsfn] w]/} sDkgLx? cfslif{t ePsf 5g\ . pgLx? eGbf cufl8 cfkm\gf] pkl:ylt bl/nf] agfpg klg zfvf vf]lnPsf] zfxLn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . pxf“sf cg';f/ af]Sg], vGg], lkr ug]{, ;Dd kfg]{ ;a} sfddf d]l;gsf] cfjZostf 5 . ToxL cg';f/sf] dfu klg o; If]qdf tLa 5 . a]lr;s]sf] lrhnfO{ ;]jf lbg zfvf vf]lnPsf] xf] . g]kfnu~hdf @&, ;'v]{tdf @! j6f dfq} d]l;g uPsf 5g\ . o;f] t dWoklZrdd} ;a}eGbf w]/} d]l;g laqmL x'g] lhNnfdf bfª k/]sf] 5 . To;}n] klg zfvf vf]Ng'k/]sf] zfvf O~rfh{ zfxLsf] egfO 5. l;hgsf] a]nf @% ;o;Dd / l;hg gx'“bf klg b'O{xhf/ klt306fdf ef8fdf lbg] ePsfn] klg d]l;g lsG5g\ . ljZjd}

Ps gDa/ dflgPsf] Eofs'nf]8/, @$ nfvsf 6' 8]S;b]lv $! nfvsf kmf]/ 8]S;;Ddsf 5g\ eg] cGo d]l;g klg df]8]n cg';f/sf] d"Nodf kfOG5g\ .

6]S6/sf] kof]u ubf{ a]nfotsf hf];]km ;fO/n JofDkmf]/n] d]lzg pTkfbg u/]sf x'g\ . pgs} gfdaf6 sDkgLsf] gfd /flvPsf] 5 . ;a}n] oxL d]l;g rnfpg] ePsfn] w]/}sf] lrGg] gfd klg h]l;jL ag]sf] 5 .

a;Gt xl/ofnLsf] ;fwf/0f;ef 3f]/fxL, #) ebf} -o';_– a;Gt xl/ofnL ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x 3f]/fxL–^ cva/]sf] !( cf}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f;ef ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;d"xsf cWoIf /f]dk;fb a'9fsf] cWoIftf tyf jg pkef]Qmf dxf;+3 bfªsf ;b:o e'k]Gb ;'j]bLsf] kd'v cfltYotfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf ;lrj nIdL a'9fn] kult / sf]iffWoIf 6'sdfg /f]sfn] cfly{s kltj]bg k:t't ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf clDas]Zj/L Onfsf jg sfof{nosf g/axfb'/ /f]sf, clDas]Zj/L /]kf] jg dxf;+3sf pkfWoIf bLgfgfy cfrfo{, pQm /]kf] gu/ OsfO{sf pkfWoIf /fdsnL kl/of/, ;d"xsf ;Nnfxsf/ ;taxfb'/ /f]sf, dgaxfb'/ k'g, wd{ axfb'/ xdfn, lbnaxfb'/ k'g / bLk]Gb k'gnufotn] af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] .

bfªsf] ljsf;sf] ;Defjgf s] b]Vg'x'G5 tkfO“ < bfª blIf0f Plzofs} 7"nf] pkTosf xf] . oxf“ kz:t} ;dy/ e"ld 5 . s[lifsf] Joj;foLs/0f ug{ ;s]sf] v08df bfªn] ljsf;df 7"n} km8\sf] dfg{ ;S5 . ljleGg d7 dlGb/x? 5g\ .

To;sf] krf/k;f/ / kj4{g ug{ ;s]df xfdLn] ko{6gsf] ljsf; ug]{5f}+ . ko{6gsf] ljsf; ePdf xf]6n Joj;fo kmi6fpg] 5 . bfªdf kl5Nnf] ;do 7"nf nufgLsf xf]6nx? v'ln/x]sf 5g\ . of] ;sf/fTds kIf xf] . cfufdL lbgdf o:tf y'k} xf]6n v'Ng ;S5g\ . cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf nflu klg bfª ;Defjgf af]s]sf] If]q xf] . kof{Kt sRrfkbfy{sf sf/0f bfªdf l;d]06 nufotsf 7"nf pBf]ux? h:t} la:s'6, Uof“; Knf06 tyf kfOk pBf]ux? v'ln/x]sf 5g\ . cfufdL lbgdf o:tf y'k} pBf]ux? v'Ng ;S5g\ . lhNnfdf kl5Nnf] ;do nufgLsf] jftfj/0f klg aGb} uPsf] 5 . bfªdf s[lif pBdcGtu{t kz'kfng, df5fkfng, s'v'/fkfng nufotsf If]qdf nufgL ug{ ;lsG5 . ;/sf/n] oxf“sf] ljsf;sf nflu s] ug'{knf{ < ;/sf/n] ;a}eGbf klxn] k"jf{wf/ If]qdf nufgL ug'{k5{ . k"jf{wf/ If]qsf] ljsf;lagf s'g} klg ljsf; x'g ;Sb}g . ;8s ;~hfn lj:tf/nfO{ tLjtf lbg'k5{ . clxn] lgdf{0ffwLg ;8s kl/of]hgfx?nfO{ ;dod} ;DkGg ug'{k5{ . bfª–;'v]{t, ndxL–sf]Onfjf;, zxLbdfu{ x'“b} rLg hf]8\g] ;8s, 3f]/fxL d's'{6L–b]jL:yfg ;8snfO{ kefjsf/L ?kdf ;~rfngsf nflu /fHon] kxn yfNg'k5{ . ePsf ;8sx?sf] u'0f:t/ a[l4 ub}{ gof“ ;8s lgdf{0fdf ;/sf/n] Wofg lbg'k5{ . t'n;Lk'/df /x]sf] ljdfg:yndf lgoldt p8fg ug'{k5{ .

To;sf nflu ;a}eGbf klxn] OGwg l8kf] :yfkgf ug{ h?/L 5 . gf/fo0fk'/df klg If]qLo ljdfg:yn agfpgsf] nflu ;DefJotf cWoog ul/Psf] 5 . gf/fo0fk'/df If]qLo ljdfg:yn ag]df bfªsf] dfq xf]Og ;du klZrd g]kfnsf] ljsf;df ;xof]u

k'Ug]5 . kl5Nnf] ;do bfª klZrd g]kfns} cfly{s s]GblaGb' aGb} uPsf] 5 . o; If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu bfªsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xg ;S5 . ef}uf]lns lx;fan] klg bfªdf eljiodf cem a9L zx/Ls/0f x'g] ;Defjgf 5 . bfªdf pBdLeGbf Jofkf/L w]/} 5g\ . pjf;+3n] pBd ljsf;sf nflu s]xL of]hgf agfPsf] 5}g < tkfO“n] eGg'ePsf] ;f“rf] xf] . bfªdf pBdLeGbf Jofkf/Lx? w]/} 5g\ . pjf;+3n] pBdzLntfsf] ljsf;sf nflu sfo{qmd klg ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 . s[lif pBd s]Gb eg]/ km/s o'lg6 g} agfPsf 5f}+ . s[lif pBd s]Gbdfkm{t s[lif ug{ rfxg]x?nfO{ tflnd tyf cGo ;xof]u ul//x]sf 5f}+ . pBd ljsf;sf nflu pjf;+3n] kxn yfn]/ dfq x'Gg . o;sf nflu ;/sf/n] klg Wofg lbg'k5{ . ;/sf/n] pBd ljsf;sf nflu tflnd tyf cGo ;xof]usf sfo{qmdx? Nofpg'k5{ . rf8kj{ glhlsb}5g\ . of] ;dodf cln a9L u'0f:t/xLgtfsf] ljifodf rrf{ a9L rN5 . pjf;+3n] pkef]Qmf clwsf/sf nflu s]xL af]n]sf] 5}g < xfdL ;a} pkef]Qmf xf}+ . Pp6f Joj;foL csf]{ 7fp“df uPkl5 pkef]Qmf aG5 . xfdLn] cfd Jofkf/Lx?nfO{ clgjfo{?kdf d"No;"rL 6f“;]/ ;fdfg laqmL ug{ cfux ul/;s]sf 5f}+ . ;fy} cvfB a:t'sf] kof]u gxf];\ eg]/ ;r]t x'g cfux u/]sf 5f}+ . ;xh cfk"lt{sf] nflu xfdLn] kxn ul//x]sf 5f}+ . xfdL rf8kj{df pkef]Qmfx?n] ;xh?kdf cfkm"n] rfx]sf] ;fduL u'0f:t/o'Qm kfKt u?g\ eGg]df ;r]t 5f}+ . cGTodf tkfO“nfO{ eGg dg nfu]sf] < ;j{kyd t lxGb' g]kfnLx?sf] dxfg rf8 ljhof bzdL tyf bLkfjnLsf] pknIfdf ;a}nfO{ JolQmuttkm{af6 tyf bfª pjf;+3sf] tkm{af6 z'esfdgf JoQm ug{ rfxG5' . cfd Joj;foLx?nfO{ lgw{Ssk"j{s / lhDd]jf/ eP/ cfkm\gf Jofkf/ Joj;fo ug{ cg'/f]w ub{5' .

lk;fjaf6 yfxf x'G5 ke' a}+ssf] PsLs[t sf/f]jf/ z'?

Nffu"kbfy{sf] ;]jg 3f]/fxL, #) ebf} -o';_– nfu"kbfy{ b'Jo{;gL Go"gLs/0fsf If]qdf sfd ub{} cfPsf] gfsf{]gg\ g]kfnn] cleofgsf af/]df kx/L / kqsf/x?nfO{ nfu"kbfy{ b'Jo{;gL kQf nufpg] pks/0fsf af/]df hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . gfsf{]gg\ g]kfnn] lhNnf kx/L sfof{no 3f]/fxLdf sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/L dflg;x?n] s'g nfu"kbfy{ cf}iflwx?sf] ;]jg ug{] u/]sf 5g\ eGg] kQf nufpg] pks/0f o'l/g ls6sf af/]df hfgsf/L lbPsf] xf] . lk;fadf pks/0f 8'afP/ h'g s'g} JolQmn] 8«U;, uf“hf, r/];, clkmdsf ;fy} cGo cf}iflwx? ;]jg u/] gu/]sf] af/]df yfxf kfOg] ljlwsf

af/]df hfgsf/L lbPsf] xf] . gfsf]{gg\ g]kfnsf lgb{]zs Pj+ e"tk"j{ kx/L ;+u7gsf P;P;kL a;Gt/fh s“'j/n] pks/0fn] nfu"kbfy{ b'Jo;{gL Go"gLs/0fdf dxTjk"0f{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] atfpg'eof] . nfu"kbfy{ b'Jo;{g Go"gLs/0fsf nflu cab]lv x/]s ljBfnox?df sIff cf7 kf; u/]/ egf{ x'g cfpg] ljBfyLx?sf] lk;fj r]s u/]/ kQf nufpg cfjZos /x]sf] ;'emfj lbg''ePsf] lyof] . kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf 3f]/fxLsf ljleGg ljBfnox?df cWoog/t k9fOdf sdhf]/ 5 hgf ljBfyLx?sf] lk;fa hf“r ul/Psf] lyof] . lk;fj hf“rsf qmddf tL ;a} ljBfyL{x?n] nfu"kbfy{ b'Jo{;gsf ?kdf uf“hf ;]jg ug{] u/]sf] kQf nfu]sf] lyof] .

3f]/fxL, #) ebf} -o';_– lsi6 a}+s, ke' ljsf; a}+s, uf}/Lz+s/ 8]enkd]G6 a}+s / h]lgy kmfOgfG; Pscfk;df ufleP/ -dh{ eP/_ ag]sf] ke' a+}sn] ;f]djf/b]lv PsLs[t sf/f]jf/ z'? u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn /fi6« a}+saf6 :jLs[lt kfPkl5 ;f]djf/ /fhwfgLdf cfof]lht sfo{qmddfkm{t tL rf/ a+}s ke' a}+ssf ?kdf sf/f]af/ ug{ ;xdlt ePsf] hfgsf/L lbOPsf] lyof] . dh{/df hf“bf ke' ljsf;

a}+s;“u hu]8f sf]ifdf #) s/f]8, h]lgy kmfOgfG;;“u rf/ s/f]8 #% nfv / uf}/Lz+s/ ljsf; a}+s;“u !) s/f]8 ^% nfv lyof] eg] lsi6 a}+ssf] hu]8f sf]if && s/f]8n] C0ffTds lyof] . xfn a}+ssf] r'Qmf k"“hL tLg ca{ cf7 s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . a}+ssf] kd'v sfo{sf/L clws[tdf s'df/ nD;fn / gfoa kd'v sfo{sf/L clws[tdf czf]s z]/rg /xg'x'g]5 . dh{/kl5 a}+ssf] zfvf ! ;o !@ j6f k'u]sf] 5 eg] Pl6Pd ! ;o !) eGbf a9L 5g\ .

juL{s[t lj1fkg cfO;lqmd, ldNs hLk tyf sf/ ;]s, e]/fO6L s]s, l/he{sf] nflu cfO6d pknAw 5 . ;Deg'xf];\ . o'gfO6]8 dG6]Zj/L b'uf{ M (*^^(!!(^) d]jf8 slkm lrof sf7]sf]xn, bfª )*@–%^#@)) afndlGb/sf] k"jt{ km{ (*)(&&##!* dG6]Zj/L ljBfno

;fgf;fgf gfgLx?nfO{ cfw'lgs lzIff lbgsf] nflu

u'0f:t/Lo 5kfOsf] nflu

u'Ktf ckm;]6 k]; ndxL b]pv'/L, bfª ;Dks{ kmf]g M (*$&(^(**^

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;]S;f];fOSnf]lhi6 8f= ljgos'df/ s';jfxf 3f]/fxL bfªdf /fKtL c~rnsf] Psdfq ;]S;f]nf]lhi6 8fS6;{ lSnlgsdf wgjGt/L cfo'j]{b xl:k6n P08 l/;r{ ;]G6/ kf=ln= sf7df8f}+sf / rlr{t 6]lnlehg so{qmd /ft k/]kl5sf of}g k/fdz{bftf jl/i7 ;]S;f]nf]lhi6 tyf ;]S;f];fOSnf]lhi6 8f= ljgos'df/ s';jfxfåf/f oxL ebf} @( ut]sf lbg :jf:Yo kl/If0f ul/g] x'“bf of}gnufot dflg;s ;d:of ePsf lj/fdLx?n] ;dod} cfkm\gf] gfd btf{ u/fO{ ljz]if1 ;]jfsf] nfe lng'xf];\ / cfkm\gf] /f]usf] k"0f{ lgbfg ug'{xf];\ .

tkfO“x?n] kfpg] ;]jfx? M k'?ifdf b]lvg] M  zL3 ktg, of}g ;Gt'li6 gx'g,] of}g rfxgf gx'g,] ln+u pQ]hgf gx'g,] ln+u lrnfpg], :jKg bf]if, ;?jf of}g/f]usf ;fy} pd]/ cg';f/sf] of}g c+usf] ljsf; gx'g' . dlxnfdf b]lvg] M  ;]tf] kfgL aUg], of]gL lrnfpg], dlxgfj/L u8a8L, tNnf] k]6 b'Vg], of}g ;Gt'li6df sdL ePsf] dx;'; x'g], kf7]3/;DaGwL ;d:of, of}g c+usf] ljsf; gx'g' . dfgl;s M  dfgl;s 8/, eo, lbdfusf] af]wf]kg, lg/fzf, lvGgtf, clgbf . lg;Gtfgkg M  dlxnf tyf k'?ifdf x'g] af“emf]kg -lg;Gtfg_ sf] uf]kgLotfsf ;fy ljz]if k/fdz{ tyf pkrf/ . kmf]gaf6 klg gfd

lj/fdL hf“Rg] ldlt tyf ;do M oxL ebf} @( ut] ljxfg ( ah]bl] v % ah];Dd btf{ ug{ ;lsg]5 . gf]6 M klxn]sf] 7fp“af6 lxdfno a}s + ;“u} Unf]an cfO{PdO{sf] 7Ls cufl8 ;/]sf] hfgsf/L u/fOG5 .

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;x'lnot sfof{Gjog ug{ dfu af]u6Lsf] :d[ltdf tLg lbg zf]s dgfOg] o'uaf]w ;dfrf/bftf

/f]6«ofS6 Snj ckm t'n;Lk'/ l;6Lsf pkfWoIf ;+lbkg l/hfnsf] :jfut dGtJoaf6 z'? ePsf] sfo{qmddf /f]6/L Snj ckm t'n;Lk'/ l;6Lsf cWoIf /f]=ljho s];L, /Qm;~rf/ s]Gb| 3f]/fxLsf O~rfh{ lbnLk Gof}kfg]n] /Qmbfgsf] dxTjaf/] rrf{ ug'{ePsf] lyof] . /Qmbfg ug]{ @* bftfx?nfO{ /f]6/L Snj ckm t'n;Lk'/ l;6Lsf k"j{ /f]= s'zn ttf{nn] k|df0fkq ljt/0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/0f /f]6«ofS6 Snjsf ;lrj b]j]g s];Ln] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

o'uaf]w ;dfrf/bftf t'n;Lk'/, #) ebf} . /f]6«ofS6 Snj ckm t'n;Lk'/sf] cfof]hgf tyf /f]6/L Snj ckm t'n;Lk'/ l;6L / /Qm;~rf/ s]Gb| 3f]/fxLsf] ;dGjodf ;f]djf/ t'n;Lk'/df /Qmbfg ul/Psf] 5. /f]6«ofS6 Snjsf cWoIf ljlgn s];Lsf] cWoIftfdf Ps sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/L /Qmbfg ul/Psf] xf] . /f]6l/og, /f]6«ofS6 tyf cGo u/L @* hgfn] /Qmbfg u/]sf lyP .

3f]/fxL, #) ebf} . ckf+u dfgjclwsf/ Pj+ ;/f]sf/ d~rn] bfªdf lqmofzLn tLg oftfoft Joj;foL ;ldltx?df 1fkgkq a'emfp“b} ;x'lnot sfof{Gjog ug{ dfu u/]sf] 5 . d~rsf dxf;lrj af;'b]j l/hfn / k}/jL d~rsf ;b:o gf/fo0f ljjz;lxt uPsf] k|ltlglw d08nn] /fKtL c~rn oftfoft Joj;foL ;ldltsf ;b:o lbjfs/ Gof}kfg], clDas]:j/L ;fj{hlgs oftfoft Joj;foL ;ldltsf cWoIf 1fg axfb'/ a:g]t, 6]S;L Joj;foL ;ldltsf sfof{no k|d'v lhtaxfb'/ v8\sfnfO{ 1fkgkq a'emfO ckf+ux?sf nflu ;/sf/n] agfPsf] sfg"g sfof{Gjog ug{ dfu u/]sf] lyof] . oftfoftsf ;fwgdf ckf+ux?nfO{ %) k|ltzt 5'6 lbg'kg]{, c?sf] ;xf/fdf af‘Rg] ckf+usf] ;xof]uLnfO{ klg 5'6 lbg'kg]{, b[li6ljxLg ;]tf] 58L ;dfPsf x\jLnlro/df a;]sfx?nfO{ ljz]if ;xof]u ug{ rfns / ;xrfnsx?nfO{

lgb]{zg lbg'kg]{, uf8L :6fkx?nfO{ ckf+ud}qL Jojxf/ ug{ ;r]t agfpg'kg]{ 1fkg kqdf pNnv 5 . k|ltlglw d08n;‘u s'/f ub}{ clDas]Zj/L oftfoft ;ldltsf cWoIf 1fgaxfb'/ a:g]tn] ckf+ux?nfO{ ;x'lnot lbg] s'/fdf ;ldlt k|lta4 /x]sf] atfp“b} uf8L :6fkmx?nfO{ o:tf ljifodf hfgsf/L lbO{ ;]jf ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg ;a} sfpG6/x?df kqfrf/ ug]{ ljZjf; lbnfpg'eof] . /fKtL ;fj{hlgs oftfoft Joj;foL ;ldltsf ;b:o lbjfs/ Gof}kfg]n] s'g} klg oftfoftsf ;fwgn] ckf+u kl/ro kqsf cfwf/df 5'6 glbPsf], ckf+u l;6 lgwf{/0f gu/]sf] / ckf+ud}qL Jojxf/ gu/L b'Jo{jxf/ u/]df t'?Gt} cfkm"nfO{ kmf]g ug{ cfu|x ub}{ To:tf] b'Jo{jxf/ ug]{nfO{ sf/jfxL ul/g] atfpg'eof] .

6]S;L Joj;foL ;ldltsf k|d'v lhtaxfb'/ v8\sfn] 1fkgkq sfo{;ldltsf] a}7sdf /fv]/ 5nkmn u/L uf8Lsf :6fkmx?nfO{ ;r]t agfOg] atfpg'eof] .

o'uaf]w ;dfrf/bftf 3f]/fxL, #) ebf} . PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf pkfWoIf kf]i6 axfb/ af]u6L …lbjfs/Úsf] :d[ltdf bfªdf tLg lbg;Dd zf]s dgfOg] ePsf] 5 .

PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbL bfªn] tLg lbg;Dd zf]s dgfpg kf6L{ sfof{nodf em08f cfwf em'sfpg] / sfof{nodf zf]sk'l:tsf /fv]/ >4f~hnL lbg] u/L sfo{qmd to u/]sf] 5 . ;f]djf/ Pdfcf]jfbL s]Gb|Lo ;b:o Pj+ bfª lhNnf O~rfh{ hLjg uf}tdnufotsf g]tfx?n] af]u6Lsf] tl:j/df dfNofk{0f u/]/ >4f~hnL lbPsf lyP . o;}aLr Pdfcf]jfbL bfªsf ;lrj /fdhL rf}w/L …ldngÚn] lhNnfel/sf kf6L{ sfo{stf{x?nfO{ tLg lbg;Dd zf]s dgfpg / s'g} cf}krfl/s sfo{qmd gug{ cfu|x ug'e { Psf] 5 . ;+ej eP hlt :yfgLo kf6L{ sld6Lx?df klg zf]s dgfpg / lhNnf kf6L{ sfof{nodf cfP/ >4f~hnL lbg klg pxf“n] ;a} sfo{stf{x?nfO{ cfu|x ug'e { Psf] 5 . o;}aLr Pdfcf]jfbL bfªsf cWoIf s'j]/ cf]nLn] zf]s jQmJo hf/L u/L af]u6Lsf] lgwgk|lt b'Mv JoQm ug'{ePsf] 5 . ;j{xf/f ju{sf Odfgbf/ / st{Aolgi7

afn lbj;df ljljw sfo{qmd n}+lus lx+;f;DaGwL tflnd e';fnsf] :d[ltdf >4f~hnL;ef

o'uaf]w ;dfrf/bftf 3f]/fxL, #) ebf} . dfWolds ljBfno ;f}l8of/ bfªn] afn lbj;sf] cj;/df ljleGg k|ltof]lutfTds sfo{qmd u/]sf] 5 . sIff ! b]lv % ;Dd ePsf] afn uLt k|ltof]lutfdf cldzf 3tL{ k|yd, nf]s]Gb| dNn låtLo / cfzf ljs t[tLo x'g'ePsf] 5 . sIff ^ b]lv !) ;Ddsf] k|ltof]lutfdf d'gf s];L k|yd, a;GtL ;'gf/ / v'Zj' l8;L låtLo / cfzf rf}w/L t[tLo x'g'ePsf] 5 . ;f] cj;/df h'lgo/ /]8qm; ;s{nn] afn ljjfxlj?4 hgr]tgfd"ns gf6s b]vfPsf] lyof] . ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofks 1fg]Gb| uf}tdsf] cWoIftfdf

ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/0f lzIfs lji0f' rf}w/Ln] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . o;}u/L dflj ;]jf/ jgufp‘n] lbj;sf] cj;/df xflh/Lhjfkm k|ltof]lutf ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L bfª zfvfsf] PrcfO{eL dfgj a]rlavg tyf ;fdflhs e]befjla?4sf] sfo{qmd cGtu{t ePsf] k|ltof]lutfdf r]nLa]6L ;d"x k|yd, bfOhf] ;d"x låtLo, dfgj a]rlavg ;d"x t[tLo ePsf] lyof] eg] PrcfO{eL ;d"x ;fGTjgf ePsf] lyof] . ljBfnosf k|c afNdL s];Lsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf b]j lu/L, nIdL of]uL, bLkf s];Lnufotn] af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] .

j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf] ;'j0f{ cj;/ xfdL sxf“ ljleGg b]zsf sDkgLx?af6 ef/L dfu eO{ cfPsf]n] ;SsnL /fxbfgL;lxt o; sfof{nodf ;Dks{ ug'{xf]nf . b]z dn]lzof dn]lzof dn]lzof stf/ stf/ stf/

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/fxbfgL x/fPsf] ;"rgf † d]/f] lgDg Joxf]/fsf] /fxbfgL ldlt @)&! efb| !( ut] 6l/ufp“af6 t'n;Lk'/tkm{ hf“b} ubf{ x/fPsf] x'“bf km]nf kfg'{x'g] dxfg'efjn] glhssf] k|x/Lrf}sL jf lgDg 7]ufgfdf a'emfOlbg'x'g cg'/f]w ub{5' . gfd M ;Gtf]if a:g]t /fxbfgL g+= %#!&)&) 7]ufgf M 6l/ufp“–@, bfª ;Dks{ M (*!^!)**^*

/fxbfgL x/fPsf] ;"rgf † d]/f] lgDg Joxf]/fsf] /fxbfgL ldlt @)&! c;f/ !@ ut] 3/af6 ;b/d'sfd vn+uftkm{ hf“b} ubf{ ;Nn]b]lv vn+uf ahf/sf] aLr af6f]df x/fPsf] x'“bf km]nf kfg'{x'g] dxfg'efjn] glhssf] k|x/Lrf}sL jf lgDg 7]ufgfdf a'emfOlbg'x'g cg'/f]w ub{5' . gfd M k|bLk a'9f /fxbfgL g+= %@&^^*^ 7]ufgf M zf]ef–*, ?s'd ;Dks{ M (^#**%(#&#

/fxbfgL x/fPsf] ;"rgf † d]/f] lgDg Joxf]/fsf] /fxbfgL ldlt @)&! ;fpg !) ut] /fhk'/af6 3f]/fxLtkm{ hf“b} ubf{ x/fPsf] x'“bf km]nf kfg'{x'g] dxfg'efjn] glhssf] k|x/Lrf}sL jf lgDg 7]ufgfdf a'emfOlbg'x'g cg'/f]w ub{5' . gfd M d'gfaxfb'/ v8\sf /fxbfgL g+= !(*%#*^ 7]ufgf M /fhk'/–(, bfª ;Dks{ M (^#**&))(^

t'n;Lk'/ gu/kflnsf sfof{no bfªsf] gS;f kf;;DjGwL ;"rgf Û bfª t'n;Lk'/ gu/kflnsf j8f g+= $ a:g] kljqfs'df/L jnLsf gfddf btf{ >]itf ePsf] t'n;Lk'/ j8f g+= $ l:yt ls=g+= nfx'/]rf}/ @÷u !%$* If]qkmn ),)!!#=)) j=ld= hUufdf ejg lgdf{0f ug]{ cg'dlt kfp“ egL ldlt @)&!.)#.!# df o; sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg'ePsf] x'“bf cfjZos k|lqmof k"/f u/L j8f ;ldltsf] sfof{no j8f g+= $ af6 :ynut ;h{ldg ubf{ k"j{tkm{sf ;“lwof/ tkfO“ cd[tfs'df/L ;f]d} cg'kl:yt b]lvg'ePsf]n] tkfO“x?sf] cyjf cGo sf]xL s;}sf] bfaL lj/f]w eP cfk\mgf] cflwsfl/s k|df0f;lxt !% -kGw|_ lbgleq o; sfof{nodf pkl:yt x'g'xf]nf cGoyf :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g @)%% tyf :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g lgodfjnL @)%^ adf]lhd lghsf] gfddf 3/gS;f kf; e}hfg] x'“bf of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 .

o'uaf]w ;dfrf/bftf 3f]/fxL, #) ebf} . sfg'gL ;xof]u tyf k/fdz{ s]Gb| sf7df8f}+sf] cfof]hgf tyf OG6/g]zgn Pn6{ / o'Pg cf]dgsf] ;xof]udf 3f]/fxLdf dlxnf clwsf/ / n}+lus lx+;f;DaGwL tLglbg] tflnd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;f] cj;/df dlxnf ljsf; clws[t jLgf >]i7,

lhNnf ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{nosf ;xfos lhNnf GofoflwjQmf af;'b]j zdf{, clwjQmf dl0f/fh cfrfo{ / k|lzIfsx? clwjQmf e'kaxfb'/ s];L, udgl;+x v8\sf / /rgf ;'j]bLn] af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf sfg"g ;xof]u k/fdz{ s]Gb| bfªsf ;+of]hs clwjQmf 7fs'/ l8;Lsf] ;+of]hsTjdf tflnd ePsf] lyof] .

lzIfssf] cfjZostf o; >L hgtf pRr dfWolds ljBfno uf]a/l8xf–! sfnfsf6] b]pv'/L bfªdf df=lj= txsf] /fxt b/aGbL l/Qm /x]sf] x'“bf pQm l/Qm kbdf kbk"lt{ ug'{kg]{ ePsf]n] $) jif{ ggf3]sf bIf, of]Uo Pj+ cg'ejL g]kfnL gful/saf6 cfjZos sfuhft;lxt b/vf:t cfx\jfg ul/G5 . kb ;+Vof M ! kb M lzIfs tx M df=lj= lsl;d M /fxt b/aGbL of]Uotf M la=P:;L -lkmlhS;_ dflyNnf] of]Uotf ePsfnfO{ u|fx\otf lbOg]5 . b/vf:t b:t'/ M ?= !%)%.– b/vf:t cfOk'Ug'kg]{ clGtd ldlt M @)&! c;f]h !$ ut];Dd k/LIffsf] lsl;d M lnlvt, df}lvs / sIff cjnf]sg ;Dks{ ldlt M @)&! c;f]h !% ut] cfjZos sfuhft M g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|ltlnlk, cWofkg cg'dltkq / z}lIfs of]Uotfsf k|df0fkq . yk hfgsf/Lsf] nflu ljBfnodf ;Dks{ ug'{xf]nf . ;Dks{ g+= M (*$&(^*))&

o'uaf]w ;dfrf/bftf

3f]/fxL, #) ebf} . ;dfh;]jL Pj+ PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf kf6L{ ;b:o nf]sdl0f e';fnsf] lgwg ePsf] t];|f] lbg ;f]djf/ >4f~hnL;ef ul/Psf] 5 . nIdLk'/–! s'O/]kfgL lgjf;L &! jifL{o e';fnsf] ebf} !* ut] lgwg ePsf] lyof] .

PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbL nIdLk'/ ufp“ ;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf ePsf] >4f~hnL;efdf af]Ng] jQmfx?n] cfkm\gf] ljrf/ b[9?kdf /fVb} ;dfh ?kfGt/0fdf cl3 a9]sf e';fnaf6 ;a}n] l;Sg'kg]{ wf/0ff /fv]sf lyP .

Pdfcf]jfbL nIdLk'/sf cWoIf a;Gt clwsf/Lsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltly Pdfcf]jfbL bfªsf

sf]iffWoIf n'daxfb'/ sfsL{ …ab|LÚ, e';fnsf ef~hf;d]t /xg'ePsf ljlzi6 cltly k'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f+}8fsf GofofwLz l8NnL/fh cfrfo{, bfª pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIf x]d/fh a~hf8], ;+3sf ;+:yfks cWoIf tf]/0fWjh >]i7, ;b:o clgn cfrfo{, Pdfcf]jfbL bfªsf ;b:o pdfgGb vgfn, bfª o'jf d~rsf ;+of]hs ;ljg lk|of;gnufotn] af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] . ;f] cj;/df d[tssf 5f]/f bfª pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf pkfWoIf gf/fo0fk|;fb e';fnn] a'jfsf af“sL ;kgf k"/f ug]{ k|0f ub}{ o;aLrdf ;xeflutf hgfpg] / ;xof]u ug]{ ;a}nfO{ wGojfb lbg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng dw' l/hfnn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

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