CW2-ENG by W.alradhi

SHELTER HOUSE. ID no: @00539313 Name: Walla Alradhi

Final

architectural engineering portfolio.

CO ON N TT C N TT SS EE N ELEMENT ONE

A report covering contextual issues relating to the proposed project.

ELEMENT TWO Analysis of the proposed site for environmental, design and structure.

C CO ON N TT EE N N TT SS ELEMENT THREE

Sketches process of the design building.

ELEMENT FOUR Final technical drawings.

ELEMENT ONE

A report covering contextual issues relating to the proposed project.

campus masterplan history of peel park and the brief. site analysis precedent.

ELEMENT 1 | CAMPUS MASTERPLAN

CAMPUS MASTER PLAN The white dotted line provided shows the area of the framework Development.

David Lewis Playing Fields Innovation Forum

The development consists of variety of different ranges such as existing buildings, educational, cultural and residential use.

Student accommodation

The framework also cover the substantial areas of greens spaces such as peel park and River Irwell.

The university of Salford has prepared future campus plan for the next 20 years, to provide transformational changes of its campus life by ensuring a comfortable environment in which could integrates within its surroundings also, to create a new safe sustainable side of Salford. This development has been already prepared by Salford City council, the English City fund and the University of Salford in order to deliver the new vision of the framework development and the campus masterplan.

progress so far

The vision

The process of developing the Framework Crescent area has already started since 2014. This was focused on forms material consideration and public consultation in the area.

The purpose of the new framework development is to deliver multiple of transformational changes over the next 20 years, to live, work, learn and visit. which it could be a distinctive place for the students. this framework development focuses on the following important priorities:

In 2017, The masterplan established an initial vision and investment opportunities for several public areas but it was never formally agreed from the council. Lastly, in 2020, the final university masterplan has been updated for its peel park campus over the next 10 years, estimated as (2020-2030) .

Learning Community Culture & Creativity

Diverse Economy

Connectivity, Movement and Sustainable Transport Climate change and Sustainability

Environment, and blue-green infrastructure

Peel Park

Salford Crescent Station

River Irwell

Mary Seacole Building

Centenary Building

New Adelphi

Newton Building

Smag

Peel Building

The campus plan After providing the vision of the new framework development the university have been setting few new concept developments elements on the campus plan which are:

Old Pint Pot

Old Fire Station

Former Police HQ

by creating a better connection between the surrounding buildings and the existing spaces for example the Crescent within the university campus which this will lead to an attractive arrival point to the campus.

A better neighbour with Peel Park As shown on the diagram provided peel park has a massive green land space which new routes will create a better connection to the campus also, new buildings will be built on the park that could interface within the overlook of the park and benefits the students and the public.

The Meadows

Maxwell Building

inclusive improvement of the public

new cycle connections and pedestrian

Hemsley House

The new pedestrian way will be located across the railway line which will provide a better relation between the peel park Campus and Frederick Road.

Humphrey Booth House Crescent House

Improved connections to Innovation Park Industries developments has started specifically from the north of the university campus to the Innovation park. Fig 1

map showing zoom in of the site area

ELEMENT 1 | HISTORY OF PEEL PARK AND THE BRIEF

History of peel park

ROWING CLUB

krap leep yb raen weiv dednuorrus eht gniwohs segamI

In consultation with the rowing club members on the need for another boathouse close by the university campus has been identified. Therefore On this project, we’re requiring to create another boat house for the students by taking the considerations of the structural aspects and its design and how it will integrate with the surroundings. Location was given on peel park near by the river shown on fig2.

cafe/ indoor and outdoor.

seating area, for the students and the public.

small modern art galley space inspired from L.S Lowery.

START OF RIVER IRWELL

Scale of the site Area 2.471m. located close to river Irwell from the East view, and the play ground from the west view. no close building surrounded except the greenery area.

Diagram map showing the former line of the Manchester, Bolton and Bury canal. the canal is located south of the Crescent within the framework area.

Bury River Roch

River Croal

Little Lever

Radcliffe SITE

kearsley

Between 1915-1928 the artist L.S. Lowery Studied at Salford school of art where he developed his skillfulness and started to establish his own style. The Lowery was fascinated by peel park and its industrial landscape. he often get inspiration by observing the lake in peel park to create it as a fantasy version art piece.

boat storage/ boat repair.

Bacup

SITE INFORMATION

In 1846, peel park was the first public park in England, after that in 1850 the Museum and the Art Gallery of Salford was created, which made Salford the new civic place in Manchester. Later during the 70's the university collage Salford established the main centre point for advanced education in the city which its known now as Salford university.

inspiration spaces idea for the boat house.

Rawtenstall

Haslingden

Ramsbottom

Salford University rowing Club was founded in 1965 by Neil McDonald and Dave Stocker. After various moves around Manchester, the boat club finally settled on Salford Quays today. Members, all from the University of Salford. As part of the new campus development plan the university aims to improve the wellbeing of its students and improve the water side development in peel park on campus including the previous concept development stated.

Broughton

River Irk

Bridgewater Canal

Fig 2

map showing zoom in of the site area

Eccles

r ive

dlo

Manchester End of Manchester ship canal

ELEMENT 1 | SITE ANALYSIS

Site analysis

path & Embankment

Before Starting designing the boat house I had to visit the site in order to understand the scale and the topography of the site.

properties Play ground area

throughout my observation I analysis these main key elements on the site which are:

changes of level hight

S I T E

River Greenery area.

Tow path

A generate contour map axo

04 SITE

A panorama view of the entire site area including the playground.

05 Boat house Requirement Spaces 8.1 m m2,0

the main factors to deliver an efficient quality design is by including: Single boat

shared Amenities:

10 m

04 Canal side & sound source

02 Greenery area and site levels.

Sun path

03 Play ground area.

Existing buildings

m5.0

01 Walking way access to the site

Double boat

sketches showing two different scale of the rowing boats.

1) Sustainability 2) ergonomic 3) flexibility 4) adaptability 5) community

1) small lounge located on the ground floor 2) Roof terrace. 3) Bicycle storage. 4) female and male Wc. 5) boat storage/ boat repair. 6) student space. 7) art gallery space. 8) cafe area/ seating area.

ELEMENT 1 | PRECEDENT

Bank Barn / Birdseye

Bank Barn Bank Barn is a style known for its different accessibility Usually, it’s built into the side of a bank or a hill, built both upper and lower floors area and can be accessed from ground level.

WOODSTOCK, UNITED STATES2019

I’ve chosen this specific precedent due to the use of the retaining wall and the placement of the building which it sits on the banks of the hills also, this project is focusing on providing a modern innovation by the use of timber design.

The interior spaces feature an open plan layout in a simple style of concrete, steel and curtainwall.

Side view of the Bank Barn

About the architects: Birdseye is an architecture company founded in 1985. The company aim is to deliver an efficient structure that cab be built on the highest design standards. Birdseye is an award-wining firm because of the help of various team that includes: Architects, woodworkers, Machine operators and Metal workers.

Building system The project is demonstrated to assess the design in terms of energy efficiency, visual comfort, and thermal comfort, Specifically designed to be a net-zero residence which:

Produce as much energy as it consumes on-site, Based on an energy system with geothermal heating and cooling. Thermally separated walls (r-40 ) High performance, triple-glazed curtainwall (0.15 u-value) Target air-tightness of (0.6 ACH) Closed-cell polyurethane foam cavities.

front view of the Bank Barn Sketched by author

concrete retaining wall The exterior concrete retaining wall extended through the living space outside shown on the image , it delivered a modern connection with the decks, green roof and fire pit from the back of the house also it delivered a garage space from the front view.

ELEMENT TWO

Analysis of the proposed site for environmental, design and structure.

The foundation. Slope and the risk of flooding. Retaining wall & structure. Sustainable strategy. Site context. materiality.

ELEMENT 2 | THE FOUNDATION

pile foundation:

building

Building loads: All building structures require a foundation to take all the building loads safely to the ground fig1. Which includes the live load, dead load and imposed load which could prevent failure of the structure.

Pile foundation: each foundation design is different from building to another and that depends on the site soil condition and its issues. According to the assumptions taken for the given site it’s likely that deep foundation is much better to use in this soil condition and that's because: Salford soil at shallow depth is compressible, as well as the topography of the site and its levels, is located close to the canal without any nearby properties, which leads to high potential for erosion or slippage issues therefore it makes shallow foundation undesirable in this case. However, deep foundation is a better option for more stable results also to prevent failer collapse, especially when placing the retaining wall.

fig 1 section of the building/piles

pile load

Pile classification:

Sustainable alternative: Geothermal piling is the new sustainable alternative of the basic method of the bored pile and it has lots of benefits including temperature differential by the energy, which it can be transferred through recycled plastic pipe loops within CFA, therefore it provides cooling or heating inside of the buildings during the winter and summer seasons respectively.

fig. 3

seliP noisserpmoC

The function of the pile chosen is classified as a deep foundation which its subjected to compression due to the superstructure load. However the materials used for piles is heavy steel pipes driven with closed and lower heavy steel plate filled with concrete shown in fig1.

soft soil

axo/ section of the piles

hard strata

1.Ground beam 2.Structure above ground/column 3.pile

end bearing pile All Sketches provided are sketched by author.

ELEMENT 2 | SLOPE & RISK OF THE FLOODING

Risk of the flooding

Slope information:

peel park

After understanding the location of the site explained on the site analysis it is important to take into a consideration of the nearby canal and the flooding that might cause in the future.

Unless if flash flooding happens which, it can be caused by a heavy rain that cannot drain away and this problem cannot be predicted as it depends on the location and rainfall volume.

Plan A-A'

PATH

EMBANKMENT

According to Gov UK website the site given is taken under a very low flood risk which means that each year it has a chance of flooding of less than 0.2% and that identify the approximate extent and depth of the flooding in some part of the streets and the surrounding properties. shown on the map.

SITE

the sloop is located between river Irwell and peel park. the slope has two embankment between the main walking path. measurements has been considered as the hight of the embankment is 4,6 and the length of the path is 3m, this information will be considered when placing the building and the leading staircase.

SITE SITE Section A-A'

TOW PATH

RIVER

extent of flooding from Irwell river.

Placing the building: diagrams provided showing two type of building designs placed on the slope site:

Site sections produced by DMS Architects:

Some processions must be taken from the flood risk as some problems can effect the building but that could be fixed by taking into consideration of placing the building by keeping a 5m distance from the canal so the building cannot be effected from the flood, as well as adding a leading stairs and a railing for an easy access to transfer the boats.

All Sketches provided are sketched by author.

Option1: building placed on site by columns as an off grid design.

RIV STA BA

Option2: building emerges from the ground by having two floors, first floor the boat space could be access from the path way however, the ground floor could be access from the park, next to the play ground.

EB U

ILD

IRS

&R AIL

ING

for the final design, option 2 been chosen due to keeping the building away from the Tow Path and placing the building on the main path and the stairs on the embankment this will creat a safe space for the public by preventing any flooding risks.

ELEMENT 2 | RETAINING WALL & STRUCTURE

Retaining wall G A B IO

N RETA IN

IN G W A LL

Option1: The first option to use as a retaining wall is a gravity retaining wall which is Gabion retaining wall.

V E R R E TA IN IN

G W A LL

SITE

Option2: The second option to use as a retaining wall is the Cantilever retaining wall.

VER RE T A IN IN G

A retaining wall is a structural wall that holds back the landmass that we are not building on it’s common for buildings that are located around natural land and rivers. There are so many types of retaining walls so through my research I compared two types of retaining walls which are the Gabion retaining wall and the Cantilever retaining wall shown on the side diagram:

SITE

C A N TI LE

C A N T IL E

Gabion retaining wall is a better option to use for a more sustainable option but reflecting on the precedent study that I've chosen it appears that Cantilever retaining wall would be a more suitable option to use for my building design. And the reason for that is because Cantilever retaining wall could be built inside of the earth for more hidden view also it’s made of concrete same as the main building structure as well as both structures could be made as flexible precast concrete. however, the Cantilever retaining wall counts as one of the most basic but successful retaining walls to be built which is doubled to create insulation and service passage against the soil’s humidity and to draw in cool air into the building. The placement of the retaining wall will be on both sides of the building by holding back the load and the earth to protect both sides of the building shown in the sketches.

WALL

SITE

VIE

SECTION Cantilever retaining wall will be chosen for the building design, image showing the concrete retaining wall from the inspiration precedent explained.

structure& superstructure After chosen the foundation including the retaining wall it is important to cover the structural and the superstructural materials for the building design

building sketch:

first floor constructed by timber frame CLT panels.

The base of the building design will emerge from the ground therefore the most suitable structure material to use in this case is concrete slab this will include the main entrance walls extended to the ground level outside the decks. However, timber cladding, glazing windows will be chosen for the entrance facade to emerge the scheme into the surrounding of the site as a contrast with the mass of the concrete. All Sketches provided are sketched by author.

ground floor structure and retaining wall is constructed by concrete.

However, the boat storage, student space, and the café area, spaces located on the first floor will be built on top of the concrete slab therefore, the superstructure material has to be lighter than the concrete structure such as timber frame, in specific CLT panels. Moreover, for the cladding material, a large glass facade will be placed to embrace the surrounding views of the park from the west and the canal view from the east.

ELEMENT 2 | SUSTAINABLE STRATEGY

shading system: natural lightning & ventilation:

for summer shading the best solution to reduce the potential for unwanted solar gains is to provide a shading device such as a roof overhang.

In terms of the use of windows: it is important to choose lower u value windows to create more insulation inside of the building such as high-quality double-glazed windows. In terms of ventilation: the design of the building applies to the rule of thumb for single-sided ventilation which means that the spaces could be access to the outside from only one face and this will provide ventilation for a maximum space depth.

using the landscape for free summer cooling: The surrounded landscape of the building has a big influence on the building design such as: 1) the canal controls the air temperature and humidity during warmer days to assist in the cooling of breezes. 2)the surrounded western trees around the site will provide the building a shade from the late afternoon sun.

SUSTAINABLE STRATEGY

Roof light:

green roof:

Roof light will provide much more daylight than normal window in a wall therefore in my design I have placed a roof light located upper the building to access a good amount of natural lighting inside of the ground level space which it will also be a significant cause of heat loss during winter.

to protect the building against heat loss and to deliver natural water drainage it is important to provide a high thermal mass such as an insulated thick green roof (600mm or more for small trees).

geothermal heating and cooling: Providing geothermal heating and cooling method is a new energyefficient way that works as producing energy from the original site. This system will provide significant savings in cooling and heating which could work well in all climates, it’s also environmentally friendly as it requires low maintenance. This system is way much efficient than the HVRC system.

ELEMENT 2 | SITE CONTEXT

SURROUNDED BUILDINGS COLOR PALETTE In

general,

the

color

scheme

the

surrounded buildings around the site and in the uni Campus is dominated by shades of red. Most of the older buildings are red brick, however, stronger

the red

new

buildings

against

the

grey

have and

used white

facades. All pictures provided are taken by author.

ELEMENT 2 | MATERIALITY

Cladding material the building grows out of the sloping landscape and experiences the full landscape views including the sun path, a very simple catch eying building structure that has a relation of its surrounding by the chosen materials which are:

Building materials:

the structure for the ground level is a concrete slap in which the exterior surface is covered with Pigments to match the buildings on the campus. photo showing before and after pigments layer on the facade.

the structure for the boathouse and the student space is timber frame, CLT panels however, the cladding for the boat storage space is Oak timber-board.

2 9

3 The exterior timber frame of the ground floor level will be a floor-to-ceiling glazing window in order to deliver a maximum access view of peel park.

1- pigment concrete. 2- exterior Marble flooring Tile. 3- double glazing windows. 4- french black steel frame. 5- Concrete blank slate flooring.

pictures provided are the weston building located in Yourkshire.

6- greenery for the green roof. 7- Pre-finish Natural Oak Wood. 8- CLT timber frame. 9- acoustic ceiling panels.

ELEMENT THREE

Sketches process of the design building.

Design Idea concept. Iterations. Concept development. final building sketches. sustainable strategy sketches. final building model.

ELEMENT 3 |DESIGN CONCEPT

Design concept:

my idea behind creating this boathouse is not just to make it a simple boat storage area for the rowing club students but also to create four main spaces to benefit everyone who visits peel park such as boat storage, student space, café area, and enjoyable space for the public.

BOAT STORAGE.

LEARNING SPACE.

ART EXHIBITION SPACE.

Secondly without forgetting

Thirdly I have considered the public

Lastly,

meant to focus on the rowing club

about

the

due

the

including an art gallery space inside

students by including flexible boat

campus

there

First

thing

storage boats

first

that also

However,

comfortable

fits a

the

building

than

repairing also

space

area.

includes for

a the

students like female/male WC and storage spaces.

students

site

location

inspiration

area for them to either study

floor, as a memory of the artist Lowry

in or even have a meeting in

important

the

which it’s been explained before on

which could be a distinctive

weather

place

enough

for

the

students

for

example

condition to

sit

the

of the building located on the ground

which

took

why

residence

and

creating a space for them is really

must

nearby

the

CAFE AND SEATING AREA.

when

not

good

element 1 page” this will allow a new

outside

the

public

attractive point into peel park which

peel park next to the canal

space and could be a safe shelter

comes

under

view.

place to enjoy.

of the public.

inclusive

improvement

ELEMENT 3 | ITERATIONS

INITIAL BOAT HOUSE DESIGN DEVELOPMENTS. Initial sketches were all about understanding the sloping

site

also

building

shapes,

brainstorming

looking

some

different

precedents

also searching for exterior materials and structure materials.

All Sketches provided are sketched by author.

ELEMENT 3 | ITERATIONS

FINAL BOAT HOUSE DESIGN DEVELOPMENTS. After

lots

designs,

different

have

iterations

settled

down

and

with

sketches this

final

building shape and the placement of it on the slope.

All Sketches provided are sketched by author.

ELEMENT 3 | CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT DIAGRAM: This diagram shows the four stages of the design process starting from the initial idea by separating each space on the building and that been achieved by keeping the ground floor as a seating area for the public however, keeping the first floor for the Rowing Club students and the boat storage spaces. Moreover, the below bubble diagram explains furthermore about the indoor spaces.

P E E L

P A R K

A C C E S S

P E E L

P A R K

V I E W

BUBBLE DIAGRAM KEY: BOAT STORAGE SPACES

BOAT REPAIR

SEATING AREA

AREA

GALLERY SPACE FIRST FLOOR

All Sketches provided are sketched by author.

W A L K W A Y

A C C E S S

SEATING SPACE

CAFE & PUBLIC

PUBLIC ART

GROUND FLOOR

STUDENTS

GREENERY AREA

ELEMENT 3 |SUSTAINABLE STRATEGY SKETCHES

using the landscape for free summer cooling:

Canal

Roof light:

shading system:

green roof:

geothermal heating and cooling:

NATURE

shading & ventilation:

Rule of thumb for singlesided ventilation.

prevent overheating in summer.

harness the power of the low winter sun.

ELEMENT 3 | FINAL BUILDING SKETCH

playground

student space

ic am

boat storage

safty greenery area

railing staircase

The above sketch provided shows the first floor of the building

design

placed

the

slope

adding

context by including the existing surrounding areas of the

ground level view of the building All Sketches provided are sketched by author.

site

located

river

Irwell

from

the

east,

however, the left sketch shows the ground level access located next to the playground area from the west.

ELEMENT 3 | FINAL BUILDING SKETCHES

Sections & top view of the building The sections provided showing the original topography of the site and how the building has been placed on the site from the side view. however, the below sketch showing the top view of the building in context to showing clearly the placement of the building on the sloping site next to the existing bridge.

All Sketches provided are sketched by author.

ELEMENT 3 |FINAL BUILDING MODEL

SCALE 1:100

The first level of the building facing the canal. The ground level facing peel park.

the

building

The building design differs on each side of the site therefore

creating

model

context

was

really

important in order to understand the placement of the building on-site in 3D. The process of the model was by using basic cardboard which made it simple and neat, however, I have added the trees, human figures, and a white outline just to make it more clear. In the end, I have tried to position the lighting according to the shading of the sunrise and the sunset to visualize the design as if its on-site.

ELEMENT FOUR

Final technical drawings.

floor plans. elevations. axonometric. sections. renders.

30 FLOOR PLANS ground and first level floor plans

1 2

3 8

1 main reception. 2 cafe area. 3 art gallery shop.

4 art gallery space.

5 greenery area. 6 seating area. 7 wc. 8 stairs & lift.

ground floor- play ground from the west

11 8

1 boat storage. 2 boat repair.

3 male wc & lockers. 4 female wc & lockers.

5 greenery area.

6 students seating space. 7 meeting rooms. 8 public cafe area. 9 Wc.

7 6

10 stairs & lift.

11 outdoor deck.

first floor- river Irwell from the east

SCALE 1:200

FLOOR PLAN IN CONTEXT This floor plan shows the first floor of the building placed on the site in order to show the surrounding areas such as the bridge, the playground from the west, and the River Irwell from the east.

SCALE 1:200

32 TWO SIDES ELEVATIONS West & east view elevations

west view elevation facing the river

east view elevation facing peel park

SCALE 1:200

AXONOMETRIC BUILDING VIEW the 3D view showing the building in the west view of the site context, moreover, it clearly shows the site slope within the placement of the building from the first floor and the main access to it. however, the exploded axonometric showing the east building view layers from the ground level till the first floor

SCALE 1:200

34 CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL SECTION the section cut provided showing the east side View of the building from peel park. The section clearly cover the important building materials detailing in the zoom-in section circles

clt timber panels

sky roof windows

sliding glazing wall

timber flooring

green roof

section A-A'

concrete slab pile foundation

retaining wall

SCALE 1:200

35 ENVIRONMENTAL ZOOM IN SECTIONS 1- the green roof is added to protects against heat loss. 2- providing effective daylighting and ventilation by the use of floor-to-ceiling double glazed windows. 3- the use of rooflight in the center of the boathouse space to provide natural lighting during the day.

warm air

RAINWATER COLLECTION

URBAN HEAT ISLAND

NATURAL VENTILATION AND

ROOF LIGHT

DAYLIGHTING

SCALE 1:200

36 RENDERED BUILDING VIEWS

fig3- cafe & art gallery space fig2 - student space & cafe area

floor plan showing the top view of the building rendered with the chosen building materials. However, the zoom-in circles showing the main three spaces inside of the building which are fig1- The boat storage and the boat repair space showing the leading ramp to the canal. fig2- The student space and the cafe area for the public visitor's showing the leading staircase next to the greenery area. fig3- The

fig 1-boat storage and repair space

ground floor level cafe and the art gallery space next to the playground area.

SCALE 1:200

AXONOMETRIC BUILDING VIEW SCALE 1:200

REFEREN CING

REFERENCING Central Piling. 2018. GEOTHERMAL PILING - Central Piling. [online] Available at: <https://centralpiling.com/geothermal-piling/> . Flood-warning-information.service.gov.uk. 2019. Learn more about this area's flood risk. [online] Available at: <https://flood-warninginformation.service.gov.uk/long-term-flood-risk/map?easting=382070&northing=398750&map=RiversOrSea>.

Feilden Fowles. 2019. The Weston - Yorkshire Sculpture Park, Wakefield. Gallery, restaurant. [online] Available at: <https://www.feildenfowles.co.uk/the-weston/>.

Concretecentre.com. 2016. Outhouse, Forest of Dean. [online] Available at: <https://www.concretecentre.com/CaseStudies/Outhouse,-Forest-of-Dean.aspx>. Technology, C., 2021. Pigments for Concrete: Types, Purposes, and Influences - The Constructor. [online] The Constructor. Available at: <https://theconstructor.org/concrete/pigments-concrete/38297/>. Gabion1.co.uk. 2020. [online] Available at: <https://www.gabion1.co.uk/gabion-retaining-wall-designs-2/>. Agecroft Rowing Club. 2020. Salford University Boat Club. [online] Available at: <https://www.agecroftrc.org.uk/salford-university-boatclub.html>. Floornature.com. 2020. Hashim Sarkis: Courtowers holiday homes in Aamchit Lebanon | Floornature. [online] Available at: <https://www.floornature.com/hashim-sarkis-courtowers-holiday-homes-aamchit-lebanon-14966/>. Greenmatch.co.uk. 2020. Ground Source Heat Pump Prices & Costs (2021). [online] Available at: <https://www.greenmatch.co.uk/heatpump/ground-source-heat-pumps-in-the-uk/ground-source-heat-pump-prices>.

Cogley, B., 2020. Birdseye Design integrates Bank Barn house into Vermont hillside. [online] Dezeen. Available at: <https://www.dezeen.com/2020/04/08/bank-barn-birdseye-design-vermont/> [Accessed 29 July 2021]. Timber Trade Federation. 2018. Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) - Timber Trade Federation. [online] Available at: <https://ttf.co.uk/courses/timbertrade-topics/cross-laminated-timber/>.

JP Concrete. 2021. Vertical Cantilever Retaining Wall Panels - JP Concrete. [online] Available at: <https://www.jpconcrete.co.uk/verticalcantilever-retaining-wall/>. University of Salford. 2021. Campus Masterplan. [online] Available at: <https://www.salford.ac.uk/campus-masterplan>.