Kacper Pach_Y5 | Unit 14 | Bartlett School of Architecture

TRAIN STATION KATOWICE GŁÓWNE

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www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture

Copyright 2021

The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher.

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Cover design by Charlie Harris

TRAIN STATION KATOWICE G ŁÓ WNE

KATOWICE, POLAND

This project proposes an alternative to the redesign of Katowice Główne train station, Poland, which was completed in 2012. The new station is more considered of its historically sensitive context and provides better pedestrian connectivity across the railway. The bus station and the road are moved underground to pedestrianise the newly created public realm. The station forecourt is in front of the 1970s canopies, which the new proposal retains. The building redefines the image of the city by making Katowice a green and pedestrian friendly city that pioneers sustainability through public infrastructure.

Chapter 1 - IN tr ODUC t ION

1.1. PROJECT LOCATION

Zag ę szczenie ludno ś ci (os/k m 2) Population dens ty (person/k m 2) G

255

1

EUROPEAN METROPOLISES WITH INDUSTRIAL PAST Katowice Area (km ² ) Population (million) Population density ( person/km 2) GDP (bln) GDP per capita 1 276 2,55 2 001 € 62,00 € 24 282 Area (km ² ) Population (million) Population density ( person/km 2) GDP (bln) GDP per capita 5 427 1,20 222 € 28,16 € 23 4 00 OSTRAVA (MORAVIAN-SILESIAN REGION) Area (km ² ) Population ( million) Population density ( person/km 2) GDP (bln) GDP per capita 2 500 2,24 896 € 35,66 € 14 64 0 12 330 4,53 € 260,53 METROPOLIS GZM Upper Silesia region Area (km ² ) Population (million) Population density ( person/km 2) GDP (bln) GDP per capita 4 4 35 5,11 1 153 € 162,60 € 31 810 2 3 1 RUHR REGIONALVERBAND M A NC HE S T E R ME T R O P O L I S 4

PKB (mld) G DP (bln) PKB per c apita

DP per c apita

1.2. WHAT IS THE PROJECT ABO u T

This project proposes an alternative to the design of Katowice train station from 2012. Train station with shopping mall erected in 2012

Proposed alternative design

1.3. HISTORY

Station’s names

Kattowitz (1846–1909), (1939–1943)

Kattowitz Staatsbahnhof (1910–1922)

Kattowitz Hauptbahnhof (1944–1945)

Stalinogród (1953–1955)

Katowice Główne (1975–1976)

19-20TH c.

OLD STATION - KATTOWITZ HAUPTBAHNHOF

‘70S NEW BRUTALISE TRAIN STATION - STALINOGRÓD

Second station building, 1864-6 Art Noveau expansion, 1906-11 During the visit of Khrushchev, 1959

1944 2009

COAL DROP DEPOT ON THE SITE

Demolished in 1960s

The urban fabric that the proposed ‘mimics’. Demolished in 1960s

Soviet urban planners demolished 60 000 sqm of old town

This mistake happened In the context of the dangerous ideas of cleansing of modernism and of 20thc. in general

NEW STATION IS RE-LOCATED IN ‘70 s

1944 2009

KATTOWITZ HAUPTBAHNHOF IS FURTHER EAST - COAL DROP FACILITIES

2012 2012

KATOWICE GŁÓWNE - NEW STATION WITH SHOPPING MALL

SPECULATIVE ALTERNATIVE DESIGN - STARTING POINT

Partial demolition of Soviet’s Station Brutalist canopy is retained

This 2012 solution is inconsiderate of the historical old town, urban fabric and the city’s image.

Section AA 1:1000 @A2 - Year 2009

South East Ticket hall

Section AA 1:1000 @A2 - Year 2012

Section AA 1:1000 @A2 - Year 2012 - New proposal

Tunnel - access to platforms 2012 2012

Elevating and extending the urban fabric

Section BB 1:1000 @A2 - Year 2012 - New proposal

Section AA 1:1000 @A2 - Year 2012 - New proposal

Ticket halll Bus Station with elevated platform for access to station

Ticket halll, below parking

Shopping mall

Bus station under ground Canopies

Filling -in the gap in urban grid

Extending the street over railway

*Based on Existing 2012 Station III

The city has been built around the railway tracks. It has been split since it conception. The city has developed due to railway but has to grow around it. Then Post war urban planning caused further divisions. This project addresses this division by proposing to extend the urban fabric over the railway - which is different to just a pedestrian bridge.

Pedestrian Bridge

Failed connectivity solution. All it connects are two carparks. No pedestrians to be seen.

Underpass

Car centred design with 2 m wide pavement without any greenery buffer from a very busy road.

Tunnel *BasedonExisting2012StationIII

Proposed New Approach to North-South Connectivity Problem

Over better than under Section Shows the city of 2010, before the Shopping mall development

1.

Chapter 2 - the pr O p OS a L 2.1. d ESIGN ELEMENTS

Preserving the Canopies

Only the canopies, platforms and underpasses are retained

Demolished

Ground Level was dominated by asphalt and vehicles

2. Underground Connectivity

Relocation of the Bus Station underground

Taxi and 3min ‘Kiss and Goodbye’ Parking

Existing tunnels retained New underground connection for cars. This allows for greater pedestrianisation of the public spaces in front of the station

3. Urban Fix

New Townhouses with high street shopping and a shopping arcade

Completing the urban block with a new building

New public space with a slope up to 1:30 gradient

Providing quality pedestrian access across the railway

Kiss and Goodbye - No

and Goodbye - No Kisses above 3 min.!

Elevated urban streets

Elevated boulevard has direct access to all platforms

Shopping Arcade is the secondary street

The Boulevard opens to courtyard with museum

Vertical circulation

Program among streets

Food and Beverage

Tickets

Museum

Office

Primary Retail

Secondary Retail

Tertiary Retail

Program drapped with roof

Roof

Vierendeel Trusses

Primary Structure

LINKING EXISTING PATHWAYS

2.2. APPROACH TO THE STATION

1970s canopies

Type A

Seating

Type C

Laying

Type B

Storm Water Absorber

VIEREN d EEL TR u SS

Inhabiting Virendell truss

Many areas beyond 80% utilization

Modelled as solid shell of constant thickness of 300 mm All joints and supports fixed and constrained in all axis.

Loads:

Total of 8600 kN acting on bottom of the truss and total of 2000 kN on the top

2.4. FRAGMENTS OF PROGRAM

Museum

Main Concourse

2.5. TECTONICS OF OF THE ROOF AN d THE TR u SS

2.6. C u LT u RAL CONTEXT

SILESIAN AND POLISH EMBROIDERY

(Monochome top) ‘Haft na żywotku cieszyńskim’, p. 32, 45. Czeski Cieszyn, 1985. (left) ‘czepiec czółkowy’, Nierodzim , Muzuem Slaskie, 1918-39 (bottom) ‘Wzory do wyszywania cechu pasamoników w Cieszynie’, p. 54, Książnica Cieszyńska, 1866-1910

INTERPRETATION OF THE EMBROIDERY MOTIFS ON THE ROOF OF THE STATION

UPPERSILESIAN AND PODHALE ORNAMENT IN TIMBER

SILESIAN FOREST OF MAPLE

Interpretation of Traditional motif with

Chamfers of Structural members

Examples of traditional motifs chiselled in wood

Maple leaves

Leaves of Maple ‘Stollii’, Fritz Graf von Schwerin, Gartenflora, 1893

Copying of the ornament of Carpenters’ Manuals of 18th c. is historicism. This project aims to create contemporary ornament.

‘Zdobienie i sprzęt na Podhalu’ Warszawa : skł. gł. E. Wende, 1901

CONTEMPORARY MOTIFS WITHIN THE BOUNDS OF THE TRADITION

Chapter 3 - appe NDIX

One top beam takes 450 KN, one bottom beam takes 900 kN

Total of 1200 kN distrubited evenly on each bottom beam (two beams) + half of that on top

3.2. RIBBE d TIERCERON VA u LT

LA CHAPELLE DE L’HÔTEL DE CLUNY, PARIS

Stone coursing pattern

The stone coursing pattern of cross vaults was different in England from what was used in France and the rest of Europe. In England the joints formed right angles with the diagonal ribs (while in France the joints were parallel with and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the cross vault).

Frame + Shell structure

There are two main construction techniques to formulate the shell surface of a fan vault: the jointed masonry system and the rib-and-panel system (often used together in the same structure, alternating along the height)

Constant Curvature Arc

On the Right another type of Arch - Tudor

Hierarchy of ribs

They vary in depth, width as well as the level of their placement

Single curvature

The masonry infill between ribs are arrayed around the centre but are single curvature.

Partly intersecting conoids

Bath Abbey

3.3. FAN VA u LT BATH ABBEY

Another types

Other English Structures

“Tas-de-charge”

At equal angles congruent vertical ribs rise up from the a piece of stone block carved to give the appearance of separate ribs joining together.

The Vaulting Pocket (section right)

Shell structure

Jointed masonry system the flat masonry blocks are laid on a centring to formulate a shell surface, and the “ribs” are sculptured on their surface, to give a nice appearance while in fact the structure works as a shell.

The vaulting pocket is often filled with rubble. Thrust line goes outside of the shell if the pocket lacks the infill. Because of the infill the forces are distributed over much larger area. It also stabilizes against buckling. The infill reduces the span of the shell so the region working as a pure shell is smaller.

3.4. SELF SHAPE d CLT

‘URBACH TOWER: INTEGRATIVE STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF A LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURE MADE OF SELF-SHAPED CURVED CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER’

WMC = 22% WMC = 12% R=2.4m

Spruce, 10 mm

WMC = 12%

Spruce, 30 mm

WMC = 22%

Self Shaping when drying

Bi-layer - 40 mm

Bi-layer - 40 mm

Locking Layer - 10mm

3.5. INTERPRETATION OF BATH ABBEY VA u LTS

FOLLOWING THE METHOD OF URBACH TOWER

Cold Bend Locking layer

Spruce, 10 mm

WMC = 12%

Self Shaped Bi-Layers

Spruce, 10 mm

WMC = 12%

Spruce, 30 mm

WMC = 22%

3.6. INTERPRETATION OF BATH ABBEY VA u LTS

FOLLOWING THE METHOD OF WOOD MOULDING

DESIGN SPECULATION - SPIRAL COLUMN

Single curved sheet

Moulded Wood

Inner radii:

R - 425 mm

R - 275 mm

R - 125 mm

3.7. PORTAL FRAME RE-IMAGINE d

SIngle curved timber sheet

R - 4100 mm; 50mm thick

R - 8130 mm; 50mm thick

not a constant curvature; 50mm thick

Flat sheet

R - ∞; 100mm thick

SIngle curved timber sheet

R - 4100 mm; 100mm thick

Planar timber sheet

R - ∞; 100mm thick

OR Better than

3.8. SEL-S u PPORTING CANOPIES

Single curved Sheets

R - 2238 mm

R - 6175 mm

R - 13231 mm

R - 4949 mm

R - 7529 mm

DOUBLE CURVED

All work produced by Unit 14

Unit book design by Charlie Harriswww.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture

Copyright 2021

The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmited in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retreival system without permission in writing from the publisher.

SPATIAL TECTONIC 2022

PG14 is a test bed for architectural exploration and innovation, examining the role of the architect in an environment of continuous change. We are in search of the new: leveraging technologies, workflows and modes of production seen in disciplines outside our own. We test ideas systematically by means of digital as well as physical drawings, models and prototypes. Our work evolves around technological speculation with a research-driven core, generating momentum through the astute synthesis of both. Our propositions are ultimately made through the design of buildings and in-depth consideration of structural formation and tectonic constituents. This, coupled with a strong research ethos, generates new and unprecedented, viable and spectacular proposals.

The focus of this year’s work evolved around the concept of ‘Spatial Tectonic’. This term describes architectural space as a result of the highest degree of synthesis of all underlying principles. Constructional logic, spatial innovation, typological organisation, and environmental and structural performance are all negotiated in an iterative process driven by architectural investigation. These inherent principles of organisational intelligence can be observed in both biotic and abiotic systems, in all spatial arrangements where it is critical for the overall performance of any developed order. Ultimately such principles suggest that the arrangement of constituents provides intelligence as well as advantage to the whole.

Through a deep understanding of architectural ingredients, students generated highly developed architectural systems in which spatial organisation arose as a result of sets of mutual interactions. These interactions were understood through targeted iterations of spatial models, uncovering logical links while generating ambitious and speculative arrangements. Sequential testing and the enriching of abstract yet architectural systems were the basis of architectural form - communicating the relationship of all logical dependencies, roles and performances within the system.

Thanks to: ARUP, ALA, DKFS, knippershelbig, RSHP, HASSELL, Seth Stein Architects, ZHA, Expedition Engineering