Texas Water Utilities Association Regional Training – 2024
MARK YOUR CALENDAR FOR 2024
DATES
Lubbock – November 4th – 7th , 2024 (To Be Confirmed)
(Not all regions offer Surface 1 which is a 24 hour class these above dates reflect all regions starting on Monday and offering 24 hour classes. Once we receive all the schools fliers we will post if in fact the school begins on Monday at 1:00 or Tuesday at 8:00 )
Check the TWUA Website for the most up-to-date information related to TWUA Regional opportunities. If travel and being in crowds cause you concern or your employer has not approved travel, please look at the TWUA Computer Based Training options. (https://twua.org/online-class-dates)
Annual School – The dates for the 106th Annual School are September 23rd –26th, 2024. Tuesday, September 24th, at 8:00 a.m., all training classes begin. The ability to pre-register for the 106th A.S. will be made available as soon as possible.
TEXAS WATER UTILITIES JOURNAL
( ISSN – 1051709X) is published monthly by the Texas Water Utilities Association, located at 210 E. Hwy 79, Hutto, Texas 78634 for Operators, Engineers, Managers, Laboratory technicians, Customer service personnel, Vendors, and other Professionals employed in, or interested in, the water and or wastewater industry.
Ten dollars of each annual membership dues payment to the Texas Water Utilities Association pays for a subscription. Nonmember subscriptions price: the USA $100.00 per year; $10.00 per single copy
$125.00 per year outside the USA. Periodicals Postage Paid In Hutto, Tx. And Additional Mailing Offices.
The Texas Water Utilities Association is wholly independent, and is not affiliated with the American Water Works Association, the Water Environment Federation, or any other National Organization.
Postmaster: Send address changes to: Texas Water Utilities Association – Journal 210 E. Hwy. 79, Suite 101, Hutto, Texas 78634.
The Texas Water Utilities Association Journal is not responsible for facts and or opinions expressed by contributors or in advertisements herein. Editorials and comments do not necessarily represent the official policy of the Texas Water Utilities Association.
All inquiries should be directed to: Texas Water Utilities Association, 210 E. Hwy. 79, Suite 101, Hutto, Texas 78634. Phone 512-459-3124. Any materials accepted for publication is subject to revision and editing At the discretion of the publisher.
MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE:
Jim Siddall - Chair of Management
Clarence Wittwer – President
Vicente Carrizales – President-Elect
David Hinshaw – Vice President
Mike Norris – Past President
Bill Brown – Past President
Ric O’Conner – Vendor Rep. Ex. Officio Russell
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE
by Clarence Wittwer
Here we are in October after September sped past us. The Annual School has come and gone and everyone reading this is breathing a sigh of relief that the gavel has been passed to someone imminently more qualified than I to be President!
Before I go too much further with my usual jokes and general mockery of all things, please take a moment to send prayers to our colleagues and their families in Tennessee, North and South Carolina. North Carolina was hit especially hard by Hurricane Helene. Roads are gone, water plants are gone, entire communities were literally washed away. The damage in Northwest North Carolina is staggering and most access is only via helicopter as I write this. Florida experienced significant damage as well so let’s not forget them.
As mentioned earlier, Annual School has come and gone and I think it is important to acknowledge the amazing work put into this event by our committee members and, more especially, staff. Norma, Wanda, April, Russell and so many more give a significant part of their lives to making this event possible every year. We never know what side of Corpus we will see in September but this year, our final year at Corpus (at least for a while) was absolutely beautiful. If you were not aware, yes, you read that right. Annual School for the next THREE years will be in Waco, Texas. I am excited about this change as it allows us to offer our event in a more central location for our members and should cut down significantly on the driving time for many.
Another very cool thing that happened at Annual School (if you missed it) was that in one evening alone, we thanked Past President Bill Brown for his many years on the Board....and then welcomed him right back to the Board! Yep, much like the US Treasury, we are recycling Bills now....(crickets...) OK, well I thought it was funny. Anyways, Bill Brown has been an amazing member of our leadership for so many years and COVID robbed
him of many of the super cool parts of being President such as traveling and meeting our amazing members. We all agreed that he should not be let off that easy and threw him right back into the fire! Oh, and this will make him President number 100 when he rolls back into that position!
This message will be a bit short, but I could not complete this year without repeating my message for this past year. FIND. TELL. BRING. It is up to all of us to FIND that next generation of water workforce. We, as a whole, are aging out. Many of us have already retired from one employer and are working on a second retirement. There are more licensed operators retiring from our ranks every year than we will ever replace. It is up to us to FIND our replacements. We need to go to schools, career fairs, hiring events and have a presence at ANY opportunity to TELL everyone what we do. We must TELL folks about the amazing things we do. We have to TELL them about how amazing our network and support is through the TWUA. TELL them about how many lives we improve DAILY. TELL them about how most of our employers pay for our school, leaving us with little to no education debt. TELL them about how we rarely get laid off when the economy takes a downturn.
Once you find a promising candidate, BRING them to a district meeting. Let them share a hot meal with our amazing members and hear more about what we do. Very few people in our industry actually chose this life. Most of us will joke about how this industry chose US! Knowing that to be the case, BRING someone to an event...but first you need to FIND them. If you are waiting for someone from HR to do your recruiting, you will be waiting a long time.
Closing this out, I want to thank TWUA staff again for helping me so much this past year, especially our Executive Director Russell Hamilton for taking way more crap from the Board and I than ANY Executive Director should have to. If you do not know, Russell is the longest serving Executive Director this organization has EVER had. Those of us that remember Dan Allen probably never thought that we would find someone to fill his shoes. Little did we know that Russell would come along and do even more in that role. The next time you see Russell, thank him for his nearly 19 years of service as our Executive Director and make sure he knows we want him here for 20 or more!
IF NOT, WHY? Do you know that TWUA members:
• Receive a discount (from 10% to 35%) on TWUA training
• Receive a subscription to the monthly TWUA Journal
• Receive free updates on regulatory and technology changes
• Have easy access to industry matter experts, vendors, and product providers
• Have the opportunity to apply for scholarship assistance for yourself or your legal tax dependent children
by Russell Hamilton, TWUA Executive Director
Father, we bow our heads in respect and humbly say thank you, as we acknowledge that you are the creator. We take comfort in knowing that You remain in charge and control of life as we understand it. We need You, and we welcome You in all we do. We come into Your presence seeking Your grace, calm, guidance, and forgiveness. Father, we pray for Your mercy, and we ask that You guide, direct, protect, and bless TWUA and its members. Father, we thank you as we offer praise in the name of Jesus. Amen
The drought is still concerning in parts of Texas. Parts of Texas are getting rain, but watersheds remain dry. In West Texas, Lake Spence sits at 17.6 % (+4.5 %). White River is sitting at 16.5 % (-3.1 %). Panhandle - Lake Meredith is sitting at 39.7 % (-0.6 %), and Greenbelt is at 8.7 % (- 0.3 %). If you want a complete look at current lake levels, go to waterdatafortexas. org. The drought has never left for some.
For those seeking Live In-Person Operator Training – Please look at the TWUA Training Calendar (twua.org/training) and take a look at West Texas Region (Lubbock) November 4th – 7th 2024. This will be the last live and in-person Regional Training event for 2024.
Lead Inventory—Your Lead Line Inventory Survey deadline was October 16th, 2024. To comply with the EPA, you must document materials for every service line in your distribution system.
Resiliency Training – (Resilience is the process and outcome of successfully adapting to difficult or challenging life experiences). https://www.tceq.texas.gov/downloads/ licensing/occupational/publications/rg-637-resiliency-requirements-for-water-operators-and-training-providers.pdf
Fingerprint—TCEQ’s preferred method of receiving criminal history information is fingerprinting, which will result in a more expeditious review of your application. There is a onetime fee for fingerprinting, but once subscribed, you will not
need to repay the fee or get fingerprinted again if you have a current, valid occupational license with TCEQ.
Please note that the fingerprinting option is agency-specific; background checks conducted for any other agency or purpose are not accepted, as fingerprint data cannot be shared between State Agencies.
I understand that fingerprinting is NOT Mandatory at this time; however, the one-time fingerprinting process will expedite the application/renewal process.
For more information, follow the link https://www.tceq.texas. gov/licensing/criminal-conviction-notification
Key 106th Annual School takeaway news – 2025, 2026, and 2027 TWUA Annual School will occur in Waco. Clarence Wittwer became the Chairman of the Management Committee. Vicente Carrizales, was sworn as President. And Bill Brown ($2.00 Bill) was voted in as the incoming Vice President.
Story Goes Something Like This –
A man and his fiancé were traveling across the United States over a Thanksgiving break.
There were several flight delays due to weather conditions and minor mechanical issues with one of the planes.
This man became angry and frustrated after the PA announced yet another delay, which would require a gate change for this departing flight. He slammed down his tablet and made his way to the flight agent at the gate, making the announcements.
His face was red, the veins in his forehead were bulging, and just from appearance, this passenger was ready to vent.
Agent – Sorry Sir. How may I assist you ?
Passenger – These delays are unacceptable. This latest delay will result in my party missing all connecting flights, essentially ruining our holiday.
The
Agent – Sir, I fully acknowledge your frustration, and on behalf of X Airlines, please accept my apologies along with this booklet of 10 drink coupons for this delayed flight or any future flights with X Airlines.
Passenger – I will take your coupons, but I want two free flight vouchers as well as hotel accommodations. Furthermore, I would like a formal written apology from your CFO. The longer this traveler talked, the louder and madder he became. Finally, airport police came and escorted this traveler back to his seat.
2nd Passenger – An older lady was quietly and patiently waiting in line behind the irate passenger #1. Finally, things around the ticket counter calmed down, and the lady told the ticket agent. I am so sorry that man chose to take out his frustrations on you. You are to be commended for maintaining your calm and not getting caught up in his rant.
Agent – With a big smile, Thank you.
connect. engage. educate.
connect. engage. educate.
2nd Passenger – Again, I am amazed at the way in which you did not allow that man’s comments or actions to affect you personally.
Agent – I must confess something to you. That upset gentleman may very well arrive in Sacramento, California, late today. But his luggage is already on its way to Tampa, Florida. So, as we say here in Texas, Bless His Heart.
Stay Safe, and Remember – we do not need all the operators in Texas to be a member of TWUA – JUST YOU ! ! ! !
HIRING THE RIGHT PERSON: A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH
Developed with the assistance of CHAT-GPI and Russell Hamilton, October 2024
Hiring the right person is one of the most critical decisions an organization makes. A company’s success is deeply tied to the talent it recruits, and finding the perfect fit is more than just matching qualifications to a job description. The process requires careful planning, an understanding of company culture, and a forward-thinking strategy that aligns hiring with the long-term goals of the business. This article will explore the key components of hiring the right person, focusing on understanding company needs, creating a thorough recruitment process, using effective assessment tools, and nurturing diversity and inclusion.
1. Understanding the Company’s Needs
Before embarking on a hiring process, it is essential to have a clear understanding of the company’s needs. This involves more than just filling an open position. The company should assess its current workforce, future growth prospects, and the skills that are lacking. Identifying these gaps allows an orga-
nization to target the specific talents and experience required to push the business forward.
Moreover, companies should align their hiring process with their mission, vision, and values. Hiring someone who is not only skilled but also shares the company’s culture and values is crucial for long-term success. When employees feel connected to the organizational mission, they are more engaged, motivated, and likely to stay with the company.
2. Crafting a Detailed Job Description
Once the needs of the company are understood, creating a detailed job description is the next critical step. A well-written job description acts as a blueprint for the recruitment process, helping to attract candidates with the right skills and attitudes. The description should clearly outline the role’s responsibilities, the required qualifications, and the desired experience.
However, it is equally important to avoid inflating the requirements unnecessarily. Over-specifying qualifications might deter excellent candidates who don’t tick every box but could excel in the role with some training. On the other hand, under-specifying qualifications can lead to an influx of underqualified applicants, wasting time and resources.
Furthermore, including insights into the company culture, team dynamics, and future growth opportunities can help attract candidates who are a good cultural fit and are genuinely interested in growing with the organization.
3. Building a Strong Recruitment Process
A structured recruitment process is critical for making informed hiring decisions. Rushing through the recruitment stages or neglecting proper vetting can lead to hiring mistakes, which are costly in both time and resources. The recruitment process typically involves several key steps:
• Sourcing Candidates: This can be done through job boards, social media platforms, employee referrals, and recruitment agencies. Employee referrals, in particular, have proven to be highly effective, as current employees tend to refer candidates who are a good fit for both the job and the company culture.
• Screening Applications: Reviewing resumes and cover letters allows recruiters to narrow down the candidate pool based on qualifications and experience. This stage should involve assessing not only technical skills but also soft skills and cultural fit.
• Conducting Interviews: Interviews are perhaps the most critical part of the recruitment process. Structured interviews, where all candidates are asked the same set of questions, allow for a fair and consistent comparison. Behavioral and situational questions are useful for assessing how candidates have handled challenges in the past and how they might approach future challenges in the role. However, it’s crucial not to overly rely on interviews alone, as they can
sometimes be influenced by unconscious bias or poor judgment.
4. Leveraging Assessment Tools
Beyond interviews, various assessment tools can help evaluate a candidate’s suitability for the role. Cognitive tests, personality assessments, and work samples are popular methods for gaining a deeper understanding of a candidate’s abilities and potential.
• Cognitive Ability Tests: These tests measure a candidate’s ability to think critically, solve problems, and process information. They have been found to be one of the most reliable predictors of job performance.
• Personality Assessments: While not always directly related to job performance, personality tests can provide insights into how well a candidate might fit within the team or company culture. Tools like the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) or the Big Five personality traits assessment are commonly used to gauge traits such as extroversion, agreeableness, and openness to experience.
• Work Samples and Simulations: These are perhaps the most direct way to assess a candidate’s ability to perform the tasks required for the job. By giving candidates a real or hypothetical task to complete, employers can observe how they approach problems and manage their workload. For example, a candidate for a marketing position might be asked to create a brief campaign strategy based on a set of criteria.
5. Avoiding Bias in Hiring
One of the significant challenges in hiring the right person is avoiding bias. Unconscious bias can lead to a lack of diversity and missed opportunities to bring in the best talent. Biases can be based on gender, race, ethnicity, age, or even educational background. To minimize the impact of bias in the hiring process, organizations can adopt several strategies:
• Blind Recruitment: This involves removing identifying information such as name, age, and gender from resumes during the initial screening process. By focusing only on qualifications and experience, recruiters can make more objective decisions.
• Structured Interviews: As mentioned earlier, asking all candidates the same set of questions ensures that each applicant is evaluated on the same criteria, reducing the influence of personal bias.
• Diverse Hiring Panels: Including a diverse group of interviewers can help bring different perspectives to the hiring decision and reduce the influence of individual biases.
6. Fostering Diversity and Inclusion
Hiring the right person also means promoting diversity and inclusion within the organization. Diverse teams are known to be more innovative and better at problem-solving because they bring different perspectives and experiences to the table. Moreover, employees in diverse environments tend to feel more valued and are, therefore, more productive and engaged.
Incorporating diversity and inclusion into the hiring process requires intentional efforts, such as:
• Expanding Talent Pools: Actively seeking candidates from different backgrounds by recruiting at diverse job fairs, universities, and online platforms. It’s also important to avoid limiting job postings to narrow networks that may unintentionally exclude underrepresented groups.
• Inclusive Job Descriptions: Language matters, and the words used in job descriptions can either attract or deter certain groups of candidates. Gender-neutral language, for example, ensures that job postings appeal to a wider audience.
• Ongoing Training: Providing hiring managers with training on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) can help reduce biases and ensure that the hiring process is fair to all candidates.
7. Onboarding and Retaining the Right Person
Hiring doesn’t end when the offer letter is signed. Onboarding plays a crucial role in ensuring that the new hire transitions smoothly into the company and becomes a productive member of the team. A comprehensive onboarding program should introduce the new employee to the company culture, provide the necessary training, and establish clear performance expectations.
Moreover, retaining the right person requires continuous efforts to keep employees engaged, motivated, and satisfied. Regular feedback, opportunities for professional development, and a supportive work environment contribute to long-term employee retention.
Conclusion
Hiring the right person is a multifaceted process that involves understanding the company’s needs, creating a structured recruitment process, using effective assessment tools, and fostering an inclusive environment. By being intentional about each step of the hiring process, organizations can attract and retain top talent that will contribute to their long-term success. Making thoughtful, unbiased decisions ensures that companies not only hire the most qualified individuals but also build a diverse, innovative, and engaged workforce.
Joel Paul Otts
September 30, 1959 — September 13, 2024 Waxahachie
Joel Paul Otts was born September 30, 1959. He is preceded in death by his parents, a brother Charlie and a grandson.
He is survived by his wife Karon Stroope-Otts and her daughter Laura Lipsey, his brother Mike and his wife Lou Ann Otts, his sister Mary Douglas along with numerous nieces, grandchildren and great grandchildren.
Joel wore many hats to include the following. A member of the George Younce & Catheral Singers in which he played the guitar. Joel worked for the City of Waxahachie for many years in the utilities department. He was the Assistant Utilities Director & trainer for the water department. He was also an instructor and teacher for the State of Texas Water Services due to his depth of knowledge in that field. Joel’s attitude, kindness, love for others and laugh was truly infectious. He had a kind and gentle voice and spirit. He had many friends and colleagues that respected him and his judgement. Services held at Wayne Boze Funeral Home, His interment will be the Waxahachie City Cemetery.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), commonly referred to as “forever chemicals,” have become one of the most pressing environmental and public health concerns of the 21st century. These synthetic chemicals, which have been used in a wide array of consumer products since the 1940s, are now ubiquitous in the environment, present in water, air, and even human bodies. What makes PFAS so concerning is not just their pervasiveness, but their resistance to breakdown, persistence in nature, and harmful health effects. Despite growing awareness of their dangers, PFAS continue to pose significant risks to both ecosystems and human populations.
What are PFAS?
PFAS are a group of over 12,000 synthetic chemicals characterized by carbon-fluorine bonds, which are among the strongest chemical bonds in nature. This gives PFAS their hallmark characteristic: extreme resistance to heat, water, and oil. Because of these properties, PFAS have been widely used in products like non-stick cookware (Teflon), waterand stain-resistant fabrics (Gore-Tex), food packaging (microwave popcorn bags), and firefighting foams.
There are two common subgroups of PFAS:
THE DANGERS OF PFAS: A GROWING CONCERN
Developed with the assistance of CHAT-GPI and Russell Hamilton, October 2024
These chemicals, though phased out of production in many countries due to health concerns, remain present in the environment because of their persistence and bioaccumulation. Newer PFAS, which manufacturers claim to be safer, are being used as replacements, but concerns remain about their long-term effects and environmental impact.
Environmental Persistence and Spread
One of the most alarming features of PFAS is their persistence in the environment, which has earned them the nickname “forever chemicals.” Once released, PFAS can remain in the environment for years, and they do not naturally degrade under typical environmental conditions. This means that PFAS accumulates over time in soil, water, and air, leading to widespread contamination.
Water Contamination:
One of the most significant routes of exposure is through drinking water contaminated by PFAS. Industrial sites, military bases (due to the use of firefighting foams), and landfills are common sources of contamination. PFAS from these sources can leach into groundwater and surface water, leading to contamination of municipal water supplies.
A report by the Environmental Working Group (EWG) in 2020 found that over 200 million Americans may be drinking water contaminated with PFAS. The chemicals have been detected in drinking water sources all across the
1. PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) and
2. PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonate)
globe, from the United States to Europe, and even in remote areas like the Arctic.
Bioaccumulation in Wildlife:
PFAS can also accumulate in the bodies of animals, particularly those higher up the food chain. Fish, birds, and mammals can carry high concentrations of PFAS, which are then passed on to humans who consume these animals. In particular, fish in contaminated water bodies have been found to contain PFAS levels well above recommended safety thresholds, raising concerns about the safety of consuming seafood from affected areas.
Health Effects of PFAS Exposure
PFAS exposure has been linked to a wide range of adverse health effects, both in animals and humans. The concern stems from their ability to accumulate in the body over time, particularly in the blood, liver, and kidneys. Because of their persistence, PFAS can remain in the human body for years, continually exerting toxic effects.
1. Cancer: Studies have shown a potential link between PFAS exposure and certain types of cancer, including kidney and testicular cancer. In particular, PFOA has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as possibly carcinogenic to humans. These findings are backed by studies of communities exposed to PFAS-contaminated water, which revealed higher-than-average rates of these cancers.
2. Hormonal Disruption: PFAS have been found to interfere with the endocrine system, which regulates hormones in the body. This disruption can lead to developmental, reproductive, and immune system problems. Research suggests that PFAS may reduce fertility in women, cause developmental
delays in children, and reduce the efficacy of vaccines by suppressing the immune system.
3. Liver Damage and Cholesterol Levels: Another well-documented effect of PFAS exposure is liver damage, with some studies indicating a correlation between PFAS and elevated liver enzymes. Additionally, PFAS have been associated with higher cholesterol levels, which increase the risk of heart disease.
4. Immune System Suppression: Evidence is growing that PFAS can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections and reducing the effectiveness of vaccines. This has become an especially pertinent concern in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, as some studies suggest that individuals with high PFAS levels may have a weakened response to the virus or to vaccination.
5. Pregnancy and Child Development: Pregnant women and their developing fetuses are particularly vulnerable to the effects of PFAS. Research indicates that maternal PFAS exposure can lead to low birth weight, developmental delays, and preeclampsia. In children, PFAS exposure has been linked to behavioral issues, decreased cognitive function, and weakened immune responses.
Regulatory Challenges and Public Policy
While there is no doubt that PFAS pose serious health risks, regulating these chemicals has proven to be a complex challenge. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set advisory levels for PFAS in drinking water, but these levels are non-enforceable and have been criticized as being too lenient. Similarly, regulatory frameworks in other countries vary widely, with some setting stricter standards and others lagging behind.
One of the key challenges in regulating PFAS is the sheer number of different chemicals in this group, each with its own properties and potential health risks. While PFOA and PFOS have been phased out in many places, they have been replaced by newer PFAS compounds, some of which are still poorly understood. This creates a regulatory loophole, as manufacturers continue to use alternative PFAS that may pose similar risks but are not yet subject to strict regulations.
In 2020, the European Union introduced a proposal to ban all non-essential uses of PFAS, reflecting the growing consensus that more comprehensive regulation is needed. Similarly, some U.S. states, including Michigan and New Jersey, have introduced stricter drinking water standards for PFAS. However, at the federal level, more decisive action is needed to address the widespread contamination and prevent further harm.
Solutions and Alternatives
Addressing the dangers of PFAS will require a multi-pronged approach, involving both regulatory action and innovation in developing safer alternatives. Some potential solutions include:
1. Stronger Regulations: Governments need to establish and enforce stricter limits on PFAS levels in drinking water, food, and consumer products. There should also be comprehensive monitoring of PFAS contamination and faster responses to incidents of environmental release.
2. Safer Alternatives: Scientists and industries must work together to develop alternatives to PFAS for use in consumer products, especially in areas where PFAS are currently considered essential, like firefighting foams and medical devices. Biodegradable alternatives to PFAS are being researched, but more investment is needed to accelerate this process.
3. Clean-Up Efforts: Removing PFAS from contaminated water supplies and soil is an urgent priority. This will require the use of advanced filtration technologies, like activated carbon and ion exchange resins, which can effectively remove PFAS from water. Research into PFAS degradation methods is also ongoing, with promising developments in using high temperatures or chemical treatments to break down PFAS molecules.
Conclusion
PFAS represents a significant environmental and public health challenge, one that will require concerted efforts from governments, scientists, and industries to overcome. Their persistence, widespread contamination, and toxic effects on human health make it imperative to take swift action. By regulating their use, developing safer alternatives, and cleaning up contaminated sites, we can mitigate the dangers posed by these “forever chemicals” and protect both human and environmental health for generations to come.
and
but especially during
Environmental Group Southwest would like to send a big THANK YOU to all the essential workers and water professionals risking their own health to keep us safe and keep our state going. We know it is not easy to be ready to work 24/7 during natural disasters like storms and floods, but especially during new and unfamiliar situations like the COVID-19 pandemic.
making Please continue to be safe out there and know that we are with you. Much respect and thank you!
making. Please continue to be safe out there and know that we are with you. Much respect and thank you!
EGSW
all
There are no words to accurately express our gratitude. Your efforts are greatly appreciated and you all should be proud of yourselves and the difference that
aids in water/oil phase separation. Cost effective, it controls grease, odor and corrosion in lift stations, collection lines and grease traps. This sends cleaner water to the wastewater treatment plant
biosolids. Now, with more than 50 clients in Texas, EGSW has been solving grease and odor issues for satisfied clients for over twenty years. See the website for more products!
THE DANGERS OF WORKING IN UNSECURED TRENCHES
Developed with the assistance of CHAT-GPI and Russell Hamilton, October 2024
Introduction
Trenching is a common construction practice used for installing utilities, drainage systems, and other underground infrastructure. While trenching is essential for various projects, it poses significant risks to workers, particularly when proper safety measures are not implemented. Unsecured trenches can lead to severe injuries or fatalities due to collapses, falls, and other hazards. This article explores the dangers associated with working in unsecured trenches, the regulations governing trench safety, and best practices to mitigate risks.
Understanding Trench Hazards
Trenches are defined as narrow excavations that are deeper than they are wide, typically more than five feet in depth. Working in unsecured trenches presents multiple hazards, including:
1. Cave-Ins
One of the most significant risks associated with trench work is cave-ins, which occur when the walls of the trench collapse. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) reports that cave-ins are the leading cause of fatalities in trenching operations. A collapse can bury workers in a matter of seconds, leading to suffocation, crushing injuries, or death.
2. Falls
Workers may fall into trenches, either from the edges or while performing tasks within the trench. Falls can occur due to a lack of proper barriers, poor visibility, or uneven surfaces around the trench. Even a fall from a small height can result in severe injuries, including fractures or concussions.
3. Hazardous Atmospheres
Trenches can also expose workers to hazardous atmospheres, such as the accumulation of toxic gases or low oxygen levels. This is especially true in trenches that are excavated in areas
with a history of chemical spills or near landfills. Workers may experience symptoms like dizziness, nausea, or loss of consciousness if exposed to these hazards without proper protective measures.
4. Struck-by Hazards
Heavy equipment and materials often surround trench sites. Workers are at risk of being struck by vehicles, falling tools, or materials that may inadvertently roll into the trench. This can lead to serious injuries, making it crucial for workers to be aware of their surroundings.
Regulations Governing Trench Safety
To address the dangers associated with trench work, regulatory agencies like OSHA have established strict guidelines and regulations. These regulations aim to ensure the safety of workers and reduce the incidence of accidents.
1. OSHA Standards
OSHA’s trenching and excavation standards (29 CFR Part 1926, Subpart P) outline specific requirements for safeguarding workers. Key provisions include:
• Soil Classification: Before excavation, employers must classify soil types to determine the appropriate protective measures.
• Protection Systems: Trenches deeper than five feet require protective systems, such as shoring, shielding, or sloping, to prevent cave-ins.
• Access and Egress: Safe access to and from the trench must be provided, typically through ladders or stairways, which should be located within 25 feet of workers.
• Inspections: A competent person must inspect the trench daily and after any changes in conditions, such as rain or excavation activity.
2. Training Requirements
Employers are also required to train workers on trenching hazards and the proper use of safety equipment. This includes recognizing unsafe conditions and understanding how to respond in emergencies.
Best Practices for Trench Safety
To mitigate the risks associated with working in unsecured trenches, employers and workers should adopt best practices that prioritize safety.
1. Conducting Thorough Risk Assessments
Before any trenching activity begins, a thorough risk assessment should be conducted. This assessment should evaluate the specific site conditions, soil types, and potential hazards. Based on this evaluation, appropriate safety measures can be implemented.
2. Implementing Protective Systems
Protective systems are essential for preventing cave-ins. The choice of system—shoring, shielding, or sloping—should be based on soil conditions and the depth of the trench.
• Shoring: This method involves using supports to prevent soil movement.
• Shielding: Trench boxes or shields can protect workers from cave-ins.
• Sloping: This technique involves cutting back the trench wall at an angle, reducing the risk of collapse.
3. Establishing Safe Access and Egress
Access points should be clearly marked, and safe pathways must be maintained around the trench. Ladders or ramps should be placed at regular intervals, allowing workers to enter and exit the trench safely.
It is vital to monitor trench conditions on an ongoing basis. Regular inspections by a competent person can identify signs of instability, water accumulation, or other hazards that may arise during the work process.
5. Emergency Preparedness
Employers should develop emergency response plans specific to trenching operations. This includes training workers on evacuation procedures and ensuring that first aid kits and communication devices are readily available on-site.
Conclusion
Working in unsecured trenches poses significant dangers that can lead to serious injuries or fatalities. Cave-ins, falls, hazardous atmospheres, and struck-by incidents are just a few of the risks that workers face when adequate safety measures are not in place. Regulatory standards established by agencies like OSHA provide a framework for ensuring safety, but it is ultimately the responsibility of employers and workers to implement effective safety practices.
By conducting thorough risk assessments, implementing protective systems, ensuring safe access, and maintaining ongoing monitoring, the risks associated with trench work can be significantly mitigated. Prioritizing safety not only protects workers but also fosters a culture of responsibility and accountability within the construction industry. As trenching continues to be a vital aspect of infrastructure development, adhering to safety protocols is essential for safeguarding the lives of those who contribute to this crucial work.
4. Regular Inspections and Monitoring
TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR REMOVING PFAS: A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW
Developed with the assistance of CHAT-GPI and Russell Hamilton, October 2024
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), also known as “forever chemicals,” are a group of synthetic compounds that have raised significant environmental and health concerns due to their persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity.
PFAS are widely used in a range of industries, from non-stick cookware and water-repellent fabrics to firefighting foams and food packaging. Their strong carbon-fluorine bonds make PFAS highly resistant to degradation, and as a result, they persist in the environment and can accumulate in water sources, soil, and living organisms, including humans.
Removing PFAS from contaminated water and environments is a challenging but critical task, as exposure to these chemicals has been linked to various adverse health effects such as cancer, liver damage, immune system suppression, and developmental issues.
This article explores the most viable treatment options for removing PFAS from contaminated water and soils, ranging from well-established technologies to emerging innovations. Each method listed will have its strengths and limitations, and the choice of treatment often depends on the specific characteristics of the contamination, such as the type and concentration of PFAS, the affected medium, and the overall scale of contamination.
1. Activated Carbon Adsorption
Mechanism:
Activated carbon adsorption is one of the most widely used methods for removing PFAS from water, particularly in municipal and industrial water treatment facilities. The process involves passing contaminated water through a bed of granular activated carbon (GAC) or powdered activated carbon (PAC). The porous structure of the carbon provides a large surface area that allows PFAS to adsorb onto the carbon particles.
Effectiveness:
• GAC is especially effective at removing long-chain
PFAS, such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS).
• However, it is less effective for short-chain PFAS, which are more soluble and difficult to capture.
• The effectiveness of GAC decreases as the carbon becomes saturated, requiring frequent replacement or regeneration.
Advantages:
• Relatively low-cost and well-established technology.
• Easily implemented in large-scale treatment systems.
• Can handle large volumes of water.
Disadvantages:
• Frequent carbon replacement or regeneration is required, which adds to the operational cost.
• Less effective for short-chain PFAS and very low concentrations of contamination.
2. Ion Exchange Resins
Mechanism:
Ion exchange resins are synthetic polymers that can selectively remove PFAS from water by exchanging ions between the resin and the PFAS molecules in the water. The resins are typically designed with charged functional groups that attract and bind PFAS molecules.
Effectiveness:
• Ion exchange is highly effective at removing both long-chain and short-chain PFAS compounds.
• This method is particularly useful for treating water with low concentrations of PFAS, as it can target specific contaminants more efficiently than GAC.
Advantages:
• High selectivity and efficiency, particularly for shortchain PFAS.
• Resins can be regenerated, although the process
may release concentrated PFAS, requiring careful handling.
Disadvantages:
• Higher initial cost compared to GAC.
• Potential for the release of concentrated PFAS during resin regeneration.
• Disposal of used resins must be carefully managed to prevent environmental release.
3. Reverse Osmosis (RO)
Mechanism:
Reverse osmosis (RO) is a filtration technique that forces water through a semi-permeable membrane, which blocks contaminants, including PFAS, from passing through. The clean water that permeates the membrane is collected, while the contaminants, including PFAS, are concentrated in the reject stream.
Effectiveness:
• RO is highly effective at removing nearly all types of PFAS, including both long-chain and short-chain variants.
• RO systems can remove up to 99% of PFAS from water.
Advantages:
• High level of effectiveness across a broad spectrum of contaminants, not limited to PFAS.
• Well-established technology for drinking water purification.
Disadvantages:
• RO systems are expensive to install and operate.
• The process generates waste brine that contains concentrated PFAS, which requires proper disposal or further treatment.
• Energy-intensive, increasing operational costs.
4. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs)
Mechanism:
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) involve generating highly reactive species, such as hydroxyl radicals, which can
break down PFAS molecules. These radicals are produced using a combination of ultraviolet (UV) light, hydrogen peroxide, ozone, or catalysts. The goal of AOPs is to degrade the carbon-fluorine bonds in PFAS, leading to their destruction rather than simply capturing them.
Effectiveness:
• AOPs can be effective in breaking down certain PFAS compounds, particularly in controlled conditions.
• The process works better for certain PFAS, but less so for short-chain PFAS and at low concentrations.
Advantages:
• Potential for complete degradation of PFAS into non-toxic byproducts, rather than just capturing them.
• Suitable for treating both water and air contaminants.
Disadvantages:
• High energy and chemical input requirements make AOPs costly to implement.
• The technology is still emerging and has not yet been widely adopted for large-scale PFAS treatment.
• There is potential for the formation of incomplete degradation products, which may still pose risks.
5. Plasma-Based Treatment
Mechanism:
Plasma-based technologies use electrically charged gases (plasma) to generate high-energy electrons and other reactive species capable of breaking down PFAS molecules. These reactive species can attack the strong carbon-fluorine bonds, leading to the degradation of PFAS into smaller, less harmful compounds.
Effectiveness:
• Plasma treatment has shown promise in lab settings for breaking down PFAS, including both long-chain and short-chain compounds.
• One of the few emerging technologies that can potentially destroy PFAS, rather than just remove them from water.
Advantages:
• Capable of degrading PFAS into harmless byproducts
such as carbon dioxide, fluoride ions, and water.
• Works on a broad range of PFAS compounds.
Disadvantages:
• Still an emerging technology with limited large-scale applications.
• High energy costs make it less attractive for widespread use at present.
6. Thermal Destruction (Incineration)
Mechanism:
Thermal destruction involves incinerating PFAS-contaminated materials at extremely high temperatures, typically above 1,100°C (2,000°F). At these temperatures, the strong carbon-fluorine bonds in PFAS break down, rendering the chemicals harmless.
Effectiveness:
• Effective at destroying most PFAS compounds when properly controlled.
• Frequently used for waste containing high concentrations of PFAS, such as firefighting foams or contaminated filters.
Advantages:
• Permanent destruction of PFAS, preventing further environmental contamination.
• Suitable for treating solid waste materials, such as sludge or contaminated soil.
Disadvantages:
• Requires specialized high-temperature equipment, which is costly to operate.
• Incomplete combustion can release toxic byproducts if the process is not carefully controlled.
• Not suitable for treating large volumes of water.
7. Electrochemical Oxidation
Mechanism:
Electrochemical oxidation uses an electric current to drive a chemical reaction that breaks down PFAS molecules in water. Electrodes generate reactive species that can oxidize PFAS, disrupting the carbon-fluorine bonds and leading to the breakdown of the chemicals.
Effectiveness:
• Promising results in breaking down a wide variety of PFAS, including both long-chain and short-chain variants.
• It is particularly effective when combined with other treatment methods, such as GAC or ion exchange.
Advantages:
• Capable of destroying PFAS rather than just capturing them.
• Can be used in situ, reducing the need for complex infrastructure or transportation of contaminated materials.
Disadvantages:
• High energy requirements make it expensive to implement.
• The potential generation of harmful byproducts if not carefully controlled.
Conclusion
The removal of PFAS from contaminated environments is a complex and evolving challenge. Various treatment options, including activated carbon adsorption, ion exchange resins, reverse osmosis, advanced oxidation processes, plasma treatment, thermal destruction, and electrochemical oxidation, offer different degrees of effectiveness and practicality. Each method has its own strengths and weaknesses, and the choice of technology depends on factors such as the type of PFAS, the extent of contamination, and the treatment goals.
While some of these methods, like activated carbon and reverse osmosis, are well-established and widely used, others, like plasma treatment and electrochemical oxidation, are still emerging. Addressing the PFAS contamination crisis will likely require a combination of these technologies, along with continued research and development to improve their efficiency and affordability.
In the long term, developing technologies and treatment processes that can completely degrade PFAS, rather than simply removing them, represents the most promising solution for mitigating the risks posed by these persistent and hazardous chemicals.
With the onset of COVID-19 (coronavirus) and the Governor’s Proclamation of a state of disaster in Texas, TCEQ intends to offer flexibility to licensees and applicants who were in the process of renewing or receiving an occupational license and were impacted by this outbreak
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With the onset of COVID-19 (coronavirus) and the Governor’s Proclamation of a state of disaster in Texas, TCEQ intends to offer flexibility to licensees and applicants who were in the process of renewing or receiving an occupational license and were impacted by this outbreak. Operators desiring to TEST, should contact TCEQ in regards to testing. There are some computer-based testing centers that remain open. To schedule a computer-based exam, please contact the CBT centers near you to verify if they are still operating. For other questions or concerns, please email licenses@tceq.texas.gov.
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GALINDO, DAVID MICHAEL
GARCIA-CRUZ, LUIS E
GARRIDO, ALFREDO
GONZALES, ARNULFO
GRANADO, DOMINGO SEGUIN
GUTIERREZ, JOANNA BANDA
HEIMAN, WAYNE ROBERT
HERNANDEZ, ARTHUR SR
HERRING, JACOB
LOPEZ, MARGARITA BENITA
MACHADO, EDDY JOE
MARTINEZ, JULIAN ARTHUR
MCCORMICK, JESSICA ANN
MCDONALD, COLBERT KEITH
MEADOR, SHAWN
MERCADO, ZHANNE BALTAZAR
MIRANDA, CARLOS ALEJANDRO
MONTENEGRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER
OKPALAEZE, CHUKWUNONSO
OTERO, JESUS
OTT, DONNIE LOUIS
PARKER, JEFFREY CURTIS
PITTS, STEVEN A
QUIROZ, ENRIQUE RAFAEL
RULEY, PRESTON J
SALDANA, WILFREDO JR
SEGURA, EDUARDO
SHARP, GARRETT ANTHONY
SMITH, JEFFERY
SOTO, TRISTAN EDWARD
SPAKES, JERRY CALVIN
TAYLOR, PAUL
TEAGUE, RICHARD WILLIAM
VASQUEZ, ISRAEL
VEITENHEIMER, SAGE
CLASS D
ADCOCK, JASON DALE
ALLEN, MASON A ANDERSON, JAMES MATHEW
ANYAEGBUNAM, CHRISTIAN
ARNOLD, ALYSSA ROYELLE
BEATY, QUINTON
BIRD, CHRISTOPHER W
BLACKSHIRE, MISHALY D
BODIN, WILLIAM
BOYD, TRAVON
BUCKLEY, ZACHARY WILLIAM
BUSTOS, DANIEL
CALDWELL, GRADY
CASTILLO, ISAIAS FRANCISCO
COOK, TYLER RAGE
CORTESIO, CHARMAIGNE
CUMMINGS, JACOB MAC
DAVIS, JORDAN W
ELLIOTT, ERIC EDISON
FERGUSON, DAVID HENRY
FIKES, DARRELL DWAIN
GATES, ZACHARIAH JORDAN
GOROSTIETA, HOMERO
GRAY, PHILIP WAYNE
GUERRA, AARON
HENDRY, DAVID
HERRERA, TONI
HUDDLESTON, CORY S
IBARRA, ABIGAIL
JACKSON-HALCOMB, DYLAN
JARAMILLO, MARIANO
JASSO, CARLOS
JAUREGUI, OSCAR VICTOR
JENKINS, KEVIN S
JEWETT, SCOTT
KEY, JASON R
LATHAM, ALYSE
MARTIN, BREANNA
MARTINEZ, GUADALUPE
MARTINEZ, SANDRA
MILLER, CHRISTOPHER GERARD
NANCE, NOAH
NEEL, DAVID JAMES
NEWELL, HUNTER G
ODIBA, EMMANUEL U
OKUSANYA, MATHEW AYOBOLA PETWAY, TANNER
PHILLIPS, MICHAEL MORGAN
QUINTANA, DAVID ANDREW
RATLEY, DAKOTA
REYES, RIGOBERTO
RIGGS, RYAN CADEN
SANTANA, WILSON
SARRICOLEA, BEATRICE
SEGURA, THOMAS RICHARD
SIMMONS, ANDREW
SOLIS, FRANCO EULOGIO
SOWELL, CHRISTOPHER LEE
STOKES, AVERY
THIRY, MATTHEW BENJAMIN
TROUT, CHRISTOPHER DEE
TURNBOW, KRISTY LEONA
VALLADO, ISRAEL
WADE, DANGELO
WATTS, MYLES
YOUNG, NEHEMIAH
ZAMORA, TOMAS
ZEPLIN, TYLER CHRISTOPHER
ZIEGLER, JONATHAN PIERCE
WIPES
PIPES WIPES
PIPES WIPES
W ith Micro - Solve® microorganisms multiply. This reduces the grease that binds wipes together. Micro - Solve® reduces the risk of contact with disease.
Wipes when flushed and combined with other products and grease that is poured down drains, create "fatbergs". Once they enter the sewer lines, they can accumulate and cause backups, damaging the city's infrastructure.
