Issue2

We’ve got you covered

the Publisher’s Note

THE DILEMMA OF THE CONTRACTOR

Navigating the Truth and Consequences of Home Additions

As a seasoned contractor, I’ve faced a recurring predicament: how much truth to share with customers about the reality of their home addition projects. On one hand, I want to paint an accurate picture of the challenges that lie ahead, preparing them for the unforeseen expenses and complexity that often come with renovating an existing structure. On the other hand, I risk losing the project to a competitor who is more willing to sugarcoat the truth, leaving the customer with unrealistic expectations and a false sense of security.

The consequences of not being upfront with customers can be severe. When the inevitable issues arise, the customer may feel blindsided and betrayed, leading to a breakdown in trust and a strained relationship. This can result in disputes over cost overruns, delays, and even legal action. Moreover, the customer may

be forced to make rash decisions, compromising on essential aspects of the project to stay within budget, ultimately sacrificing the quality and functionality they deserve.

Working with existing structures presents its own set of challenges. The architect’s plans may envision a seamless integration of old and new, but the reality is often far more complicated. Outdated building codes, hidden structural damage, and unexpected surprises like asbestos or termite damage can quickly derail the project. The customer’s desire to preserve certain elements of the old structure can lead to costly workarounds and compromises, jeopardizing the integrity of the new addition.

By sharing my expertise and experience upfront, I aim to educate customers on the potential pitfalls and benefits of various approaches. However, this honesty

sometimes comes at a cost, as customers may seek out a more optimistic assessment from a competitor. It’s a delicate balance between transparency and tact, knowing when to push for a more extensive renovation and when to accommodate the customer’s wishes.

Ultimately, I believe that being forthright and setting realistic expectations are essential. By guiding customers through the complexities of the process and highlighting the long-term benefits of a well-executed project, I strive to build trust and ensure a successful partnership. I welcome your thoughts and experiences on navigating this dilemma and finding the ideal balance between honesty and diplomacy.”

Jacob Surkis Founder & Publisher THE NYGC MAGAZINE

“I BELIEVE THAT BEING FORTHRIGHT AND SETTING REALISTIC EXPECTATIONS ARE ESSENTIAL.”

CONSUMER FEEDBACK INBOX

From A Homeowner’s Perspective

Looking out for more

In ref to the first edition

Dear Editor,

I’m thoroughly enjoying your magazine!

While browsing through the pages, I noticed that most of the content caters to contractors and subcontractors.

As a consumer who recently underwent a construction project, I’d love to see more articles focused on the consumer side of things. Specifically, I’d be interested in reading about costs, timelines, tips for contracting small jobs myself, and other topics relevant to homeowners like me. I’m eager to see what your magazine will cover in the future. Thank you for considering my feedback.

Best Regards,

Jack S. , Monsey

Cheering you on

Congratulations on delivering

your very first edition!

I am so impressed with the level of professionalism yet simplicity in all of the content!

Thank you for making so much invaluable information readily available to such a variety of people! I speak not just for myself, but also for so many of my acquaintances who are cheering you on in your new journey!

A magazine like this has lots of potential, and with Jacob at the helm, I am absolutely certain it will succeed.

Keep up the good work!

Chaim B. Spring Valley

Fascinating Info

Learning from the past

In ref to “Super Speed”, Issue #1

Dear NYGC,

Thank you for an informative and enjoyable read!

There were so many details about the construction of the Empire State Building that I was unaware of. I especially loved the photo you included.

Can you do an aricle on the

Eiffel Tower?

Looking forward to reading the next issue!

Y. Y. Geller

Dear readers,

Send us your thoughts, questions, comments and critique. We will try our best to feature it in our next issue.

All Inbox letters can be submitted by email to thenygc@gmail.com.

We look forward to hearing from you!

SINCE 1992 CUSTOM FRAMING

HOW’S BUSINESS?

THE NY CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN 2024

LET THE PAST PREDICT THE FUTURE

INSURANCE ISSUES - VOL II with Chaim Berkovic of Skyscraper Insurance

Introduction

Not all insurance policies are created equally. You should always review your policy with your broker and your attorney to make sure you are protected and complying with contractual obligations.

The Uninsured Contractor‘s Legal Predicament in New York State

In the tranquil suburban expanse of Rockland County, New York, “Maple Grove Estates” emerged as a beacon of upscale living, promising residents an idyllic retreat from the hustle and bustle of city life. Guided by a local developer’s vision, the project aimed to elevate the community with its meticulously crafted homes and serene surroundings. To realize this vision, the developer entrusted the construction responsibilities to “Rockland Builders,” a modest contracting firm led by the experienced builder Sarah.

Despite the state’s stringent regulations mandating liability insurance for contractors, Sarah made the bold decision to forgo insurance coverage, believing it to be an unnecessary financial burden.

Run your business properly. Learn about construction insurance from scratch and get it right at the start.

Signs of Trouble

As construction progressed within Maple Grove Estates, whispers of discontent began to circulate among homeowners. Reports of water leaks, electrical malfunctions, and other construction deficiencies cast a shadow over the project, raising concerns about the safety and integrity of the homes being built.

Investigations into the mounting issues revealed a troubling truth: the defects stemmed from a combination of poor workmanship and the use of inferior materials by Rockland Builders. Faced with mounting frustrations and financial losses, homeowners demanded accountability and sought restitution for the damages incurred. In response to the escalating turmoil, the developer found themselves caught in the crossfire, grappling with mounting pressure and the looming specter of legal liabilities. Turning to Sarah and Rockland Builders for answers, they were met with an unsettling realization: Sarah’s decision to operate without insurance coverage had left them vulnerable and ill-prepared to confront the impending legal storm.

As threats of litigation loomed on the horizon, Sarah found herself navigating treacherous legal waters without the safety net of insurance. Struggling to cover the exorbitant costs of legal representation and potential damages, she faced an uphill battle in defending herself and her company against accusations of negligence and breach of contract. As the legal proceedings unfolded in the courtrooms of Rockland County, the evidence against Rockland Builders mounted, painting a damning portrait of incompetence and neglect. With no insurance to shield her from financial ruin, Sarah stared down the looming specter of personal bankruptcy and the potential collapse of her construction business. Beyond the confines of the courtroom, the fallout from the construction debacle reverberated throughout the tight-knit community of Rockland County, tarnishing Sarah’s reputation and eroding trust within the industry. Struggling to rebuild her credibility and secure future projects, she grappled with the harsh realities of operating without proper insurance coverage in the unforgiving landscape of the construction industry.

Conclusion

In the end, Sarah’s journey served as a cautionary tale for contractors across New York State and beyond. Despite her best intentions, her decision to operate without insurance coverage had dire consequences, leading to financial ruin, damaged reputations, and shattered dreams. As she reflected on the tumultuous events that had unfolded, Sarah realized the critical importance of insurance in safeguarding not only her business but also the livelihoods of her employees and the trust of her clients.

With newfound wisdom and humility, Sarah vowed to rebuild her business on a foundation of integrity, accountability, and responsibility. Armed with the hard-earned lessons of her past mistakes, she embarked on a journey of redemption, determined to earn back the trust and respect of her community and industry peers. As she navigated the path forward, Sarah became an advocate for insurance education within the construction industry, urging fellow contractors to prioritize proper coverage as a fundamental aspect of their business operations. Through her advocacy efforts, she hoped to spare others from the same pitfalls and hardships she had endured, ensuring a brighter and more secure future for all. In the end, Sarah’s story served as a powerful reminder of the profound impact that insurance can have on the success and longevity of a business. It was a lesson learned at great cost but one that would ultimately shape her journey toward redemption and renewal in the ever-evolving landscape of the construction industry.

ANOTHER CAUTIONARY TALE: Owner Not Liable to Pay Subcontractor Absent “Assent”

The Suffolk County Supreme Court recently issued Juliana Silvaa decision affirming a long established concept in construction law that says a subcontractor may not maintain an unjust enrichment claim directly against an owner unless the owner has “assented” to the obligation to pay the subcontractor.

In the case (County Wide Flooring Corp. v. Town of Huntington) the unfortunate subcontractor appears to have missed its deadline to file a complaint directly against the GC and the surety that issued a payment bond. Therefore, the only remaining issue before the Court was whether the subcontractor could maintain a claim for unjust enrichment directly against the owner (the Town of Huntington). The court held that where “there is an express contract between the general contractor and the subcontractor, the owner of the subject premises may not be held directly liable to the subcontractor on a theory of implied or quasi-contract unless the owner has, in fact, assented to such an obligation”

The court dismissed the subcontractor’s claims finding that there was no privity between the subcontractor and the Town and that the Town had not expressed a willingness to pay the subcontractor for the work that it performed (thus there was no assent to pay). One other interesting note from this case is that the Court mentioned that General Municipal Law Section 106b does not create any private cause of action that would permit a subcontractor to sue a Town (or any other municipality) directly for violation of Section 106-b.

A tough lesson for this subcontractor to learn but hopefully in the future it will pursue its claims against the contractor and the surety that issued the bond before the claims expire. Subcontractors have to beware of contractual provisions that limit the time to sue a contractor and of payment bond provisions that limit the time to bring a claim against the bond.

Moral of the story? WHEN IN DOUBT DON’T WAIT!

Article by:

Tales From The Trenches

Insurance Coverage:

A Journey Through the Unpredictable

by Pinchus Morozow, Licensed Public Adjuster

Imagine starting your day with a peaceful coffee, only to find an oak tree has RSVP’d “Yes” to your living room party—uninvited. Welcome to the thrilling rollercoaster of insurance claims, where the line between your every day and a blockbuster movie script blurs, and knowing your insurance policy is your superhero cape.

Let’s embark on an enlightening quest through the labyrinth of insurance coverage. We’ll unpack its essence, dive into the kaleidoscope of policies available, and share tales from the insurance wilderness that are so wild, that they could earn us a spot on a late-night talk show.

The Heroic Mission of Insurance

At its core, insurance is your financial knight in shining armor, ready to swoop in when unexpected events threaten your castle (or just your basement). It’s about spreading the “risk” love around, so when disaster strikes one individual, the many chip in, ensuring the person affected gets back on their feet.

“Simply put, insurance covers physical damage that is sudden, accidental and not excluded from the policy.”

The ABCs of Coverage

In the land of insurance, coverage for “sudden and accidental” damages is like bread and butter. It’s there for the plot twists of life— like that surprise guest tree—but won’t cover the saga of your eternal struggle with the leaking faucet. Simply put: Insurance covers “Physical damage that is sudden and accidental and not excluded from the policy”

A Guide to Policy Personalities

• HO-3 (The Special Form): The Beyoncé of policies—versatile, beloved, and won’t stand for Brussels sprouts (unless excluded).

• HO-5 (The VIP Experience): Offers all-you-can-eat coverage, possibly even extending an invite to those earrings your cat fancied.

• Renters and Condo Policies (The Bodyguards): For those not ruling the castle but still wanting to protect their jewels and throne.

• The Exotic Policies (The Quirky Relatives): Tailored for the mobile homes and charmingly ancient Victorian houses that keep life interesting.

• HO-1 and HO-2 (The Opening Acts): The appetizers to the HO-3’s main course, covering only the hits (listed perils), leaving you hungry for more.

And now, our featured tales...

The Great Raccoon Siege

Imagine raccoons deciding your attic is the next hot real estate market. Our brave clients faced just that, turning “raccoon exclusion” from a mere policy footnote into a battle cry. While we’ve seen many a raccoon evicted under the cover of insurance, the tide is turning, with insurers now crafting raccoon clauses faster than you can say “masked bandit.”

Water, Water, Everywhere

The spectrum of water-related claims is vast, encompassing burst pipes, roof leaks, and floods.

A memorable claim involved a client’s brownstone home which was found, nearly submerged, by their cleaning staff. This claim was not merely about water damage but ventured into the complexities of insuring high-end finishes. Our voyage to a settlement was like navigating the high seas, proving that when it comes to water damage, it’s more about the journey than the destination.

The $2,000 Fire that Wasn’t

A small fire with a $2,000 price tag seemed straightforward until it unfurled into a $70,000 epic. This twist in the tale highlights the art of underestimation and the critical role of a seasoned adjuster, who can turn what appears to be a short story into a novel worth of compensation.

Unraveling the Mysteries

The secret life of insurance policies is like uncovering a mystery novel within a mystery novel. From the common “It’s an act of G-d” to “But, what

about my sewer backup?”—the fine print is where the real plot twists lurk. Challenge: I’ll pay $50 to the first 3 people who can show me a policy stating “Acts of G-d” are not covered. I have yet to see one.

Becoming an Insurance Maven

To navigate your policy like a pro, channel your inner detective: scrutinize the fine print, interrogate your agent, and remember, adapting your policy to fit your life’s script is key to a happy ending.

Epilogue

The Moral of the Story

Armed with knowledge, a dash of curiosity, and a good sense of humor, traversing the landscape of insurance transforms from a daunting task to an adventure story where you’re the hero. Prepare for both the expected and the unexpected, ensuring your tale ends with peace of mind and your treasures protected.

• Review Your Policy: Understanding the specifics, including exclusions and limitations, is crucial.

• Ask Questions: Engage in conversations with your insurance agent to clarify any uncertainties and adjust coverage as your life changes.

• Professional Assistance: Utilizing the expertise of professionals, like Public Adjusters, can ensure fair and comprehensive claim settlements.

Post Construction Cleaning,

Get your new house cleaned to the highest standards, Our experienced team will clean every inch of your space, so you can enjoy moving in to your fresh home!

About Your Storyteller

Pinchus “Pinny” Morozow, your guide through these fabled insurance escapades, combines years of construction know-how with a knack for unraveling the mysteries of insurance claims. With my band of valiant adjusters, we stand ready to defend your cause.

Reach out to me for guidance, guffaws, or to simply say hello; adventures await!

Disclaimer: Each situation and/or location may be different. Consult your personal expert for your specific situation

Reach out to Pinny, your guide through the insurance wilderness, at347.668.8465

or via carrier pigeon (email) atPinny@balancepa.com

NY Public Adjuster License #1389471

on the Production Line

From Glass Bottle to FIBERGLASS INSULATION.

Fiberglass insulation is a popular choice for home and building insulation due to its effectiveness and cost-efficiency. But have you ever wondered how it’s made? From the raw materials used to the final product, we’ll explore each step of the manufacturing process .

One of the main ingredients is cullet and this compound is often made with used glass received from recycling companies.

ACCIDENTAL DISCOVERY

A failed experiment made by Dale Kleist was the crucial breakthrough needed for manufacturing insulation-quality glass fibers in commercial quantities, making the fiberglass used as insulation in buildings, stoves, refrigerators, and furnaces affordable.

Born in Newark, Ohio, Kleist studied at The Ohio State University before working as a researcher at OwensIllinois Glass Company in 1932.

Teaming up with Games Slayter and Jack Thomas to create better glass technology, Kleist attempted to seal together architectural blocks by melting and spraying glass. Although Kleist was unsuccessful sealing the blocks, the errant spray of molten glass inadvertently formed tiny glass fibers. Thomas helped Kleist refine the technique, known as the steam-blown process.

In 1938 Owens-Illinois and Corning Glass jointly created a new company, Owens-Corning Fiberglas® Corporation, to make fiberglass products using the process, as well as other innovations created by Kleist, Thomas, and Slayter. Today, Owens Corning is a five billion dollar global leader, manufacturing not just glass fiber insulation but also glass fiber reinforcements used in sports cars, boats, and bathroom fixtures.

THE PROCESS

Step 1

DELIVERY

Glass is received at recycling facilities. Although a large portion of the glass is bottles, other products include jars, containers, glassware and even broken mirrors. These originate from a range of sources, such as households, businesses, and the food and beverage industry.

Step 3

CRUSHING

When only pure glass is left, it’s placed into a centrifuge which starts rotating at a high speed. Under the force of the speed, the glass pieces crash into each other in different positions. This continuous collision and friction fully crush the glass into small fragments.

Step 2

SORTING

All non-glass items are removed and sifted into different sizes. Remaining steel fragments are removed by magnets, and any labels or bottle-tops get sucked up by a giant vacuum. Finally, optical sensors and X-rays are used to check for and detect any unwanted ceramics.

Step 4

SIFTING AND QUALITY CHECK

A trommel sifts the crushed glass into fine, medium, or coarse fragments called cullet. They look like little pebbles.The fine cullet is quality-checked and is then ready for further processing in the insulation factory.

Step 5

FACTORY MIXING

DID YOU KNOW?

You can get glass cullet free! To learn more about its uses and how to take advantage of this pro bono offer! all while making a positive impact on the environment, - contact Rockland Green- Rockland County Solid Waste Management Authority. Phone: 845753-2200

Email: info@rocklandgreen.com

Step 6

MELTING

The mix is transferred to a furnace where it is heated to about 2200 degrees Farenheit to become molten glass.

The cullet is mixed with borax and soda ash.

(Sifting through the fine cullet at Rockland Green Recycling Plant)

Step 7

FIBERIZING

The molten glass mixture falls into a fiberizer where it is spun out into fine threads. The way the fiberizing process works is by pushing the hot glass through heated plates which have between 200 and 8,000 thin nozzles. This causes thin filaments to form which are then cooled by water mist spray, then coated and gathered to form strands.

Step 8

CURING

The raw wool is treated and baked at 500 degrees Farenheit in an industrial curing oven to harden it into the final product.

DID YOU KNOW?

Fiberglass also acts as a great natural sound buffer, resisting sound waves better than any other insulation material except cotton… and unlike cotton, insects want nothing to do with it.

photo credit: PPG

image credit: KIngsman Engineering

Step 9

TRIMMING

The sheet is trimmed and cut to the desired length then compressed into a roll.

Step 10

WRAP-UP

Rolls are wrapped and palletized, ready to be dispatched from the factory.

...and This is how an old glass bottle is given a new life as insulation!!

the Science behind it...

Exploring Insulation

THE SCIENCE OF INSULATION EXPLAINED

How Heat Flows

To understand how insulation works, it is first necessary to explain the different ways heat flows through a structure. Physically, heat always moves from areas of high temperature to those at a lower temperature, which is why, in the cold external temperatures of winter, the warmth inside a building will try to escape through walls, windows, roof, and floor.

Conduction

Conduction is the transmission of heat through a material, or from one material to another, through direct contact. Conduction can take place in solids, liquids, and gases.

Concerning construction materials, metals are the best conductors of heat, followed by concrete and masonry. In contrast, wood and insulating materials are poor

conductors, as are air and other gases.

Convection

Convection occurs in gases and liquids. If a hot surface is in contact with cooler air, heat is conducted to the air. This air then becomes warmer and therefore less dense than the adjacent cooler air. The warmer, lighter air rises upwards and is replaced by cooler air, causing a continuous flow of air by natural convection – gradually removing heat from the hot surface to the air. The process is reversed if warm air comes into contact with a cold surface.

In constructions, the convective heat transfer we are interested in occurs mainly in wall and roof cavities.

Radiation

Radiation is the transmission of infra-red radiant energy from a ‘hot’ surface to a ‘cold’ surface through air or a vacuum. Radiant energy moves through space without heating anything in between – the energy is only absorbed when its path is blocked by an object that absorbs the energy and converts it to heat. All materials emit radiant energy to a greater or lesser extent according to their surface characteristics and the temperature of the surface. The higher the temperature of a surface the greater the amount of radiant energy emitted.

The most common example of this is the radiant heat from the sun, which travels millions of miles through space, and only has any effect when it is blocked by an object, e.g. people, buildings, or the earth itself.

Physically, heat moves from high temperature to lower temperature, which is why, in the winter, the warmth inside will try to escape through walls, windows, roof and floor.

REDUCING HEAT FLOW WITH BUILDING INSULATION

In order to perform effectively, an insulation material must reduce heat flow.

How Conduction is Reduced

To reduce heat transfer by conduction, an insulating material should have a very small amount of solid material in relation to void. Additionally, the solid material should consist of thin connecting walls, or discontinuous fibers.

How Convection is Reduced

To reduce heat transfer by convection, an insulating material should contain small voids or air pockets within which air movement is minimized. Similarly, within a construction, convection can be reduced by having small selfcontained air spaces, rather than large ventilated air spaces.

How Radiation is Reduced

The transmission of heat by radiation is stopped when it is absorbed into the surface of a material, this results in a rise in the temperature of the material. However, that material will in turn emit radiant energy. The most effective surface is a “low emissivity” surface that emits very little radiant energy and absorbs a very small percentage of the radiant energy falling on it. A “low emissivity” surface is characterized by a shiny metallic finish. In a building the transmission of heat by radiation from one internal surface to another is not regarded as heat loss however the transmission of heat from external elements of the building away from the building is. Conversely the unit used to describe the thermal insulation characteristic of a material actually is a measure of how much heat the material allows to flow, this unit is thermal conductivity (units W/mK) this is also known as lambda value.

Thermal Conductivity by Material Type

The graph below shows the classical curve type associated with the thermal conductivity performance of traditional bulk insulation materials.

This particular graph shows the curve for glasswool products. As seen the thermal conductivity of the product is improved when the density of the product increases, however the rate of change diminishes as density increases and ultimately, at higher densities, the thermal conductivity starts to increase.

The basic trend of this graph holds true for all bulk insulation materials, and its shape is a function of the varying efficiency of the material at restricting the three different methods of heat flow at different densities.

Thermal conductivity also varies with temperature. As temperature rises, the thermal conductivity of materials generally increases. This isn’t a concern in buildings because the variance only becomes significant at temperatures which would not be experienced in normal conditions. It is a consideration when insulating building services and high temperature processes.

Thermal Resistance is the most important characteristic that should be defined when specifying insulation.

Measurement of Conductivity

All insulation products have an inherent variability when it comes to thermal conductivity. This is basically dependent on the method by which the insulation is made and actually ‘works’. Put simply, the lambda value for building insulation products must be such that 90% of the results obtained are within 90% of the quoted value – hence ‘Lambda 90/90’. The aim is to ensure that the values quoted for insulation performance are consistent and give both users and building designers confidence in the products and solutions that are being specified. Lambda 90/90 effectively means that all thermal insulation products manufactured in accordance with harmonized standards have their lambda value tested and declared to the same methodology, establishing a level playing field for all materials.

Thermal Conductivity

Conductivity (K Value or Lambda Value)

The measure of a material’s ability to transmit heat. Units: W/mK. Also called lambda value.

Thermal Resistance (R-Value)

The measure of a material’s ability to resist the transfer of heat, is specific to a particular thickness of material. Units: m2K/W.

R-Value = thickness (m)/Thermal Conductivity (W/mK)

Thermal Resistance is the most important material characteristic that should be defined when specifying insulation. From the formula for calculating, it is apparent that there are two factors affecting the thermal resistance: the thickness of the insulation and the thermal conductivity of the material. Simply specifying thickness of material is not enough.

Thermal Transmittance (U-Value)

Commonly known as the U-value, it is a measure of the rate of conductive heat loss of a building element or component. Units: W/m2K. The actual thermal transmittance of a building element is a function of the thermal resistance of the materials that are used in the construction and the way they are assembled. U-values of building elements can be established by laboratory testing, but the process is costly, time-consuming and size-limited. Furthermore, the result would only hold true for an identical construction or element. Testing is widely used to establish the thermal transmittance of glazing and doors, but for other construction elements it is more normal to use numerical and mathematical models to predict the U-value.

In its simplest form, a U-value is calculated by establishing the thermal resistance of each layer in the construction element and adding them together to provide a total

resistance (TR) value. The U-value is calculated from the reciprocal of the combined resistances of the materials in the element, including any airspaces and surface resistance values.

TR = Rsi + Ra + Rb + Rc + Rso

Rsi is the internal surface resistance

Rso is the outer surface resistance

Therefore U-value = 1/TR

For instance, an external wall with a total thermal resistance of 3.50m2K/W would have a U-value of 1/3.50 or 0.29W/m2K.

This method of calculating U-values, however, does not allow for nonuniformities that exist in real constructions and therefore will not enable a realistic model to be calculated. The non-uniformities require factors to include allowance for the effect of repeating thermal bridges, (e.g. timber studs in timber frame construction, mortar joints in lightweight and aircrete masonry or metal rails and clips in twin metal

skin constructions), fasteners that penetrate the construction and the possibility of the imperfection of fit of layers that might allow air movement around insulation layers. These factors are included in more sophisticated numerical and mathematical models. These methods are defined by international standards such as BS EN ISO 6946 ‘Building components and building elements – Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance – Calculation method’ and guidance is given regarding the suitability of each method for the proposed construction. Additionally, reference should also be made to BR443:2006 Conventions for U-value calculations 2006 edition which sets conventions for and gives guidance on the calculation of U-values.

Generally, the Combined Method is suitable for most elements of construction except where there are metal repeating thermal bridges in the insulation layer.

The accurate calculation of U-values is a fundamental building block in the development of whole building energy models and Building Regulations submissions.

If the example above is taken to be a timber frame panel, then it becomes apparent that the insulation is bridged by the timber studs. In these circumstances, the combined method is appropriate.

When the combined U-value method is applied to the calculation of the U-value of this construction it becomes 0.32.

In this calculation, the proportion of insulation replaced by timber is 15%. This proportion is identified as the default timber fraction in BR443, and a level 0 correction for air gaps in the insulation layer has been applied because mineral wool is deemed to be cut with a positive tolerance so that it has to be compressed between the timber

studs to be fitted and cross joints are compressed together. If a rigid foam board has been used, it might be considered necessary to apply a level 1 air gap correction because the board has to be cut with a negative tolerance to enable fitting and there may well be air gaps greater than 5mm in width.

Clearly, the accurate calculation of U-values requires detailed knowledge of product characteristics, calculation methodologies and standards, and construction techniques. The accurate calculation of U-values is a fundamental building block in the development of whole building energy models and Building Regulations submissions.

Credit: Knauf Insulation

From Experience

We asked Yehuda from Superseal Insulation to give us some first-hand details and tips, as an authorized dealer and installer for both commercial and residential insulation.

Here are some benefits that modern insulation gives homeowners:

• Enhanced Comfort: Properly insulated homes offer superior comfort levels year-round by stabilizing indoor temperatures. During winter, insulation helps retain heat indoors, ensuring a cozy and warm environment for occupants. Conversely, in summer, insulation prevents heat from infiltrating the living space, maintaining a cooler interior ambiance.

• Energy Efficiency: Insulation significantly contributes to energy efficiency by reducing the need for heating and cooling systems to operate continuously. By minimizing heat transfer through building envelopes, insulation helps lower energy consumption, thereby decreasing utility bills.

• Noise Reduction: In addition to thermal benefits, insulation also aids in soundproofing residential spaces. By absorbing and dampening sound vibrations, insulation minimizes noise transmission between rooms and from external sources.

• Moisture Control: Insulation plays a critical role in moisture control within residential buildings. By preventing condensation, minimizing air infiltration, facilitating proper ventilation, mitigating moisture intrusion, and preserving structural integrity, insulation helps create healthy, durable, and resilient living spaces for occupants.

• Long-Term Savings: Investing in quality insulation yields long-term financial savings for homeowners. While upfront installation costs may vary depending on insulation type and application, the ongoing reduction in energy expenses translates into substantial savings over the lifespan of the building.

Choosing your insulation type - Here is a list of pros and cons on the most common insulation types:

Fiberglass Insulation is typically more affordable than other types of insulation. It also has the advantages of having recycled content, Health certifications such as GREENGUARD and GREENGUARD GOLD, as well as School Safety certifications. However, Fiberglass Insulation allows air to pass, so it’s essential to Air-Seal the house prior to installing insulation, and insulation is to be installed with a Grade 1 install.

Spray Foam Insulation - Spray Foam has the advantage of air sealing and insulation with one product. There are two types of Spray Foam Insulation: Open Cell Insulation and Closed Cell Insulation.

Open Cell usually has an R-Value per inch between R3.6R3.8.

It is very important to know which manufacturer’s material is used and how many inches are being sprayed. Spraying fewer inches than required for this specific foam will result in less R-Value than required by code.

Closed Cell Foam has a higher R-Value Per Inch ranging between R6.8-R7 and will allow you to have a higher R-Value in a smaller cavity. Closed Cell also has a much lower Perm Rating, which can be a great advantage when controlling moisture. However, with a much higher cost, you always have to weigh the advantages you can have and see if it’s worth spending.

The disadvantage foam can have is that it’s a chemical, and the foam is being manufactured on the job. The equipment has to be in perfect shape to get the proper mix and reaction or there can be off-gassing and bad foam, and the sprayers have to be trained in installing properly and safely.

There are more types of insulation, such as Cellulose, blown fiberglass, and foam boards. However, in residential houses, the most common insulation is Fiberglass Batts and Spray Foam.

When insulating a house, no matter if you are choosing Fiberglass or Spray Foam, many items that have to be taken into consideration. Ask yourself the following questions:

• Are there any areas that are blocked by framing and will not be able to be insulated and or air-sealed properly?

• Are there any water lines or sprinkler pipes in an area where the insulation will not be able to protect it from freezing?

• Are there any areas in the attic where spray foam will not be able to reach because of overlapping roofs? (Very common when building with trusses or in additions)

• Do you have enough space to achieve the required R Values?

• If Insulating the attic with Fiberglass, does the attic have the required ventilation by code?

Many additional smaller items should be checked before starting insulation, therefore it is always best to consult a professional.

Happy Insulating!

Design Architecture +

The way we design our living spaces has a profound impact on our day-to-day lives.

Join us in exploring different trends and issues in today’s Architectural Design Field, and how the world has evolved in architectural design throughout the ages!

Contributed by: Silverlock Design Group

Design the Historyof

Design is a pervasive force that influences every aspect of our lives, from the layout of our cities to the interfaces of our digital devices. It actually started way before that, when Hashem designed us a beautiful world during Bereishis. It encompasses not only aesthetics but functionality, usability, and the human experience. Designers are tasked with solving complex problems, balancing the needs of users with the constraints

of technology, budget, and time. Design is about empathy, understanding the needs and desires of others, and creating solutions that improve their lives.

The history of design is as rich and varied as human civilization itself. From the earliest cave paintings to the intricate textiles of ancient civilizations, humans have been driven to create and innovate. The rise of agriculture and settled societies led to the development of architecture,

pottery, and other forms of design. In ancient Mesopotamia, the invention of writing and the wheel revolutionized communication and transportation, laying the groundwork of the emergence for complex societies and cities.

As civilizations flourished and expanded, so too did their artistic and architectural achievements. The ancient Egyptians built massive pyramids and temples to honor their pharos, while the Greeks perfected the art of

sculptures creating enduring masterpieces. The Romans further refined these techniques, constructing roads and amphitheaters that continue to awe and inspire us today.

The Middle Ages saw the rise of Gothic Design, with it ssoaring cathedrals and intricate stained-glass windows. The Renaissance ushered in a new era of artistic and intellectual ferment, as scholars and artists rediscovered the wisdom of ancients and explored new ideas and techniques. The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg revolutionized communication, making books and knowledge more accessible to the masses.

In the modern era, design became increasingly intertwined with industry and technology. The Industrial Revolution brought unprecedented changes in manufacturing, transportation, and communication, leading to the mass production of goods and the rise of consumer culture.

The 20th century witnessed a proliferation of design movements and styles, each reflecting the social, cultural, and technological changes of its time.

The Art Nouveau movement embraced organic forms and decorative motifs, while the Art Deco style celebrated modernity, technology, and luxury. The Bauhaus School of Design sought to unite art and industry, emphasizing simplicity, functionality, and mass production. In the aftermath of World War II, the International Style emerged as a dominant force in architecture and design, advocating for rationalism, efficiency, and universalism. Designers such as Le Corbusier and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe championed the use of steel, glass, and concrete, rejecting ornamentation in favor of clean lines and geometric forms.

Meanwhile, the mid-century modern style embraced organic shapes, natural materials, and a sense of optimism and experimentation. The digital revolution of the late 20th century transformed the way we create and consume design. Computers and software enabled designers to manipulate images, fonts, and layouts with unprecedented speed and precision. The rise of the internet and social media further democratized design, allowing amateurs and professionals alike to share their work with a global audience.

At ItsCore

Design is guided by a set of fundamental principles that govern how we perceive and interact with the world around us.

These principles — balance, symmetry, proportion, rhythm, contrast, and emphasis — inform every aspect of the design process, from the layout of a website to the composition of a painting:

• Balance refers to the distribution of visual weight within a composition, creating a sense of harmony and equilibrium.

• Symmetry involves mirroring elements on either side of a central axis.

• Proportion ensures that objects relate harmoniously to one another in terms of size and scale.

• Rhythm creates a sense of movement and flow, guiding the viewer’s eye through the composition.

• Contrast adds visual interest and depth.

• Emphasis is the focal point of interest that draws the eyes.

“The Romans further refined these techniques, constructing roads and amphitheaters that continue to awe and inspire us today.”

Arles Amphitheatre, a historical Roman amphitheater in Arles, France

The ancient uncovered remains of Pompeii, Italy after being preserved under volcanic ash from the Mt Vesuvius famous eruption in 79 CE.

The Colosseum, the famous historical landmark in Rome, Italy

In addition to these formal principles, designers must also consider the needs and preferences of their audience. Usercentered design, also known as humancentered design, places the user at the center of the design process, ensuring that products and experiences are intuitive, accessible, and enjoyable. By empathizing with users, designers can create solutions that address their specific needs and pain points, leading to more successful outcomes.

Sustainability has also become an increasingly important consideration in design, as designers seek to minimize environmental impact and promote social responsibility. Sustainable design encompasses a wide range of practices, from using eco-friendly materials and energyefficient technologies to designing for durability and longevity. By embracing sustainability, designers can create products and spaces that not only meet the needs

of the present but also preserve resources for future generations.

The Impact of Design is profound on our society, influencing how we live, work, and interact with the world around us. Well-designed products can enhance our quality of life, improve efficiency, and foster a sense of connection and belonging.

Architectural landmarks such as the Eiffel Tower, the Sydney Opera House, and the Burj Khalifa have become iconic symbols of their respective cities, attracting tourists and inspiring awe. But design is more than just aesthetics; it can also be a powerful tool for social change. Design thinking, a human-centered approach to problemsolving, has been used to address complex social issues such as poverty, healthcare, and education. By empathizing with users, generating creative solutions, and testing prototypes, designers can create meaningful and lasting impact in communities around the world.

“Architectural landmarks such as the Eiffel Tower, the Sydney Opera House , and the Burj Khalifa have become iconic symbols of their respective cities, attracting tourists and inspiring awe.”

Design is a dynamic and multifaceted field that shapes our world in monumental ways. From ancient civilizations to the digital age, design has been a driving force of innovation, creativity, and cultural exchange. By embracing the principles of design and harnessing the power of creativity, we can create a more beautiful, sustainable, and equitable world for future generations!

Design FINDS

From DIY to mood-boards, from design trends to functional hacks, we look forward to bringing you the greatest design finds to help you make any space feel like your own!

This month we focus on- drumroll..... wallpaper!

Let’s take this one wallpaper we found on Wayfair.com that had us drooling. Check out the ways we played with different settings and moods. See how each one pops in its own way!

Curated by: Silverlock Design Group

LivingRoom

Cb2.com

$2299.00

Some Greenery Wall art

Curvo Snow White Performance Sofa by Goop

Alright, this is not your typical living room, but hear us out.

We used it as an accent wall and paired it with lightcolored walls and furniture.

We then added statement pieces for the coffee tables and wall art, and filled the room with plants; it is a bright and airy living room with a tad of moody.

Perfect for summer!

comfy sitting space

Black Round Nesting Coffee Table Set by Jurmalyn Amazon.com $249.00

Deandre Contemporary Accent Chair - Ivory by Safavieh Couture $356.99

Little Boys’ Room

$399.00

Joy White Metal Table Lamp

by Leanne Ford crateandbarrel.com

Mommy wants sophisticated, little one wants fun; this one’s for you. The colors of this wallpaper are what you want in your little boy’s bedroom but the pattern is contemporary. The furniture and décor selection here plays to both elements seamlessly combining very different styles in this sweet bedroom that adults love.

Luca Blue Full Wood Corner Bookcase Bed Living spaces $695.00

CorporateConferenceRoom

stately & functional

Brokenshire Pine Solid Wood Table by Latitude Run

WAYFAIR.COM

$1469.99

Whitney Mid-Back Modern Swivel Chair by Flash Furniture Bestbuy.com

$160.99

Classic Modern Black Dome Pendants

for some direct light

This space focuses completely on the moody aspects of the wallpaper. We went with a dark walnut conference table and black accents all around.

This design will bring an air of professionalism to your meeting room and impress clients.

“Like our body’s vital organs, insulation works tirelessly behind the scenes to maintain the health of a building.”

Insulation is the unseen guardian of a house. It toils in obscurity within the walls, forgotten once installed, yet ensuring the comfort and safety of occupants and structure alike. Like our body’s vital organs, insulation works tirelessly behind the scenes to maintain the health of a building.

Despite its crucial role, insulation is often overlooked and underappreciated, teaching us a powerful lesson: just as insulation silently protects against harm and preserves the integrity of a building, we too can make a profound impact even when we feel invisible or unrecognized.

May we all embrace our inner “insulation” and proudly wear the mantle of guardians and lifesavers!

- Jacob Surkis

Every advertiser featured in our magazine has been thoroughly vetted, & is highly recommended by us.

Sponsered by At The NYGC Magazine, we pride ourselves on partnering with the most trusted and reputable businesses.

845-474-8453