THE CRUST - ISSUE #31

CEO

THE

elcome to this month’s issue of THE CRUST! Just when we thought we had adjusted to the ongoing uncertainties of the global market, the world was hit with yet another surprise. Earlier this month, U.S. President Donald Trump unexpectedly announced a sweeping wave of reciprocal tariffs targeting key trading partners. In a move that stunned many, the new tariffs were aimed not only at global rivals like China, but also at neighbors and allies such as Canada and Mexico. While the announcement was bold and sudden, Trump also offered a short extension to allow for negotiations— sending a clear signal that the U.S. intends to aggressively push its agenda in the coming term.

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This dramatic policy shift has already begun to shake the global trade balance, triggering anxiety across numerous sectors. And once again, Indonesia’s seafood industry—particularly shrimp—finds itself in the crosshairs.

With over 80% of Indonesia’s shrimp exports going to the U.S., the ripple effects of these tariff threats are being felt deeply. In a time when our farmers are already grappling with weak prices, high costs, and biological challenges, the looming specter of trade restrictions only adds more weight to their burden.

While negotiations continue and the final outcomes remain unclear, this is a moment that demands strategic thinking and collective action from all stakeholders in the shrimp value chain.

Moving on to some happy news, next month we will have the opportunity to gather and address these very challenges in person. On May 21–22, 2025, the Shrimp Aquaculture Conference (SAC2025) will take place in Bali, bringing together producers, industry leaders, researchers, and poli-

CHIEF EDITOR OVERVIEW cy experts from around the world. This year’s SAC will focus heavily on navigating today’s shifting market dynamics, trade disruptions, disease management, and strengthening the blue economy.

We invite all of you to join us at SAC2025 and be part of the conversation that will shape the future of our industry. Now, more than ever, we need to learn from one another, share experiences, and forge paths forward—together.

THE CRUST - RIZKY

Chief Editor

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Issue 31 | Apr -2025

Photo source : doc. The CRUST

Rizky Darmawan

SHRIMP SHOCK:

Trump’s Tariffs and the Urgent Call for Market Diversification

n early April 2025, the world was shaken by an announcement from U.S. President Donald Trump regarding the introduction of Reciprocal Tariffs on countries exporting goods to the United States, including Indonesia. The policy, which was a response to the U.S.’s growing trade deficit—also part of his “America First” and “Make America Great Again” (MAGA) agendas—sent shockwaves through various sectors, including the shrimp industry.

The U.S. is a key market for the global shrimp industry, and even more so for Indonesia, with over 60 percent of its shrimp exports going to the American market. The imposition of a 32 percent tariff, which was later suspended for 90 days and reduced to 10 percent, could potentially lower American consumer demand for shrimp and, at the same time, diminish the competitiveness of Indonesian shrimp in the U.S. market.

I

The Immediate Effects Budhi Wibowo, Chairman of the Indonesia Fishery Product Processing & Marketing Association (AP5I), confirmed the immediate impact of this policy. Shortly after the initial announcement of the 32% tariff on Indonesia, several U.S. buyers canceled existing contracts, forcing exporters to postpone shipping their products. Even with the revised

Issue 31 | Apr -2025

10% tariff, which still includes additional anti-dumping duties (AD), the situation remains challenging.

Coco Kokarkin, Secretary-General of the Indonesian Shrimp Forum (FUI), stated that the additional tariffs on Indonesian shrimp will clearly be passed on to producers in the exporting country, affecting both farmers and cold storage operators, which will further squeeze the margins of both segments.

In a CNBC Food Agri Insight talk show, Coco revealed that farming margins in several regions, such as Medan and Aceh, have become very slim, around IDR 6,000 per kilogram. With this issue, the average price of shrimp has dropped by IDR 10,000 per kilogram, turning the remaining margin negative. In other regions, the reduction is around IDR 5,000 per kilogram, leaving revenues barely covering production costs.

Gerry Gilang, a young shrimp farmer from Padang, confirms to The Crust that the effects of the tariffs are already being felt on the ground. A few days after the policy was announced, shrimp packers began limiting their demand for shrimp, causing prices to drop. The “wait and see” strategy adopted by the factories led to a decline in the absorption of Indonesian shrimp.

In the short term, the only

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strategy available to farmers is to focus on survival, supported by improving efficiencies wherever possible. “Of course, we must prioritize efficiency by adopting a more defensive rather than aggressive farming approach. It’s important to keep production costs at efficient levels and avoid cultivation failures, which could worsen conditions on the farm,” says Gerry.

Negotiation and Deregulation In this case of international trade, government involvement is crucial. Budhi appreciates the government’s quick response to the issue. After the announcement, he immediately coordinated with the National Economic Council (DEN), the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (KKP), and the President’s international trade advisor, Mari Elka Pangestu. Budhi hopes the government can negotiate as effectively as possible to reduce the tariffs, or even bring them back to zero.

On the other hand, in addition to reactive negotiations, the government also needs to implement proactive strategies. Especially when it comes to streamlining permits and ensuring a more predictable business environment. According to Coco, the high cost of shrimp production is not only due to the input costs but also the uncertainty in business operations and inefficiencies in government licensing.

For example, local governments often make policy changes on a whim. One such case involves the unilateral re-designation of farm areas for other activities, even though these ponds have been in operation and have the necessary permits. This situation creates uncertainty, which hinders focus on production. “It’s easy for local governments to change the purpose of farming areas for tourism, forestry, or other uses, without any compensation to the farmers,” said Coco.

Another example is the wastewater treatment regulation (IPAL). Four to five institutions overlap in issuing and auditing these policies, and if farmers violate the rules, multiple institutions can impose penalties simultaneously.

“We believe the government has recently been campaigning for deregulation. Therefore, it’s essential for both central and local governments to align their direction and remove additional costs, so that farmers can focus on their work,” said Coco.

Market Alternatives Donald Trump’s surprise announcement should serve as a wake-up call for Indonesia’s shrimp industry, following the anti-dumping and countervailing duties (AD CVD) case, urging the country to reduce its dependency on the U.S. market. The global

ARTICLE

Domestic Market Apart from export markets, Indonesia should also look inward to develop the local market in the long term.

With its large population, the local market holds significant potential. According to Gerry, industry players should be starting to build a local supply chain to reduce dependence on the U.S. market. “It’s a long journey, but if we don’t take this step, we will have no other options besides the U.S. market.”

Budhi noted that developing the local market also requires government support to create an efficient and effective supply chain that can ensure shrimp is distributed evenly across Indonesia.

Budhi Wibowo

Photo source : doc. The CRUST-AB, PMI

Gerry Gilang

sues with diseases and infrastructure, the opportunity to enter China is immense.

We wouldn’t need to diversify processing as much, and we could enter China even if the prices aren’t as high as before. It would still be better than if the Trump tariffs are imposed,” said Coco.

THE CRUST - AB

shrimp market still holds potential if Indonesia can overcome its challenges.

The European Union, for example, represents a promising market, although Indonesia’s shrimp exports to the EU still account for less than 5%. According to Budhi, entering the European market requires an approval number from EU authorities. However, Indonesia has not yet acquired more additional numbers due to a lack of commitment to meet the EU’s requirements.

In addition to the EU, China and India also present potential future markets. According to Coco, China is geopolitically inclined to engage in trade with Indonesia, including importing shrimp. China hopes to import around 1 million tons of shrimp from Indonesia, half of its consumption needs. However, this opportunity is hindered by upstream and downstream processes that don’t comply with China’s requirements, particularly in terms of traceability and food safety.

“If we can solve the is-

Coco Kokarkin

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ADHP The Central Design ollowing last month’s discussion on improved slope design in the ADHP (Auto Drainage, High Productivity) system, we now turn to the second key innovation: the central drain plug.

Though it may look like a simple accessory, this plug plays a major role in boosting waste removal efficiency and daily operational ease.

The central drain plug is designed to seal the main drain opening located at the pond’s lowest point. It can be made using several materials, with popular options including a metal ball filled

F

Issue 31 | Apr -2025

with concrete or an inverted cone structure crafted from durable plastic or fiberglass.

The key objective is to form a snug seal over the circular drain opening so that organic sludge accumulates around it rather than flowing out cons­ tantly.

What makes this plug mechanism special is its dual function. First, by keeping the drain sealed, the system allows sludge—mostly composed of feces, uneaten feed, and biofloc residues— to settle neatly around the central point. Then, when the plug is lifted, the sudden re-

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be well-engineered to meet three important criteria. It needs to be heavy enough to remain sealed securely, preventing water and waste from leaking out unintentionally. At the same time, it should be light enough so that a single farmer can lift it from the pond edge without using excessive force. Finally, it must be built with durable materials that can withstand the pressure, wear, and exposure over the course of multiple cycles and months of continuous operation.

As more farmers across Indonesia adopt the ADHP system, improvements like the central drain plug offer practical, low-tech, but high-impact solutions that not only make pond management easier, but also contribute to cleaner ponds, healthier shrimp, and ultimately, higher yields.

FISHSCHOOL

THE CRUST - DELTA MARINE INDONESIA

Part 2

lease creates suction pressure strong enough to pull in the accumulated waste all at once. This rapid removal method is significantly more effective than the traditional open-drain system, where continuous outflow often fails to gather and discharge heavier debris.

The second function is convenience. The plug is attached to a rope or handle that extends to the edge of the pond. This design lets farmers operate it easily from outside the pond. With a simple tug of the rope, the plug can be lifted to flush the waste, and released again to reseal the drain. This simple-yet-smart setup allows for sludge removal to be performed quickly and frequently—some farmers even do it several times a day—without stepping into the pond or disrupting operations.

Crucially, the plug must

Trump Tariffs Trigger Ripple Effect on India’s Shrimp Industry s one of the world’s leading shrimp producers with a strong reliance on the U.S. market, India has also felt the impact of Trump’s reciprocal tariff policy. The imposition of a 26% tariff— later suspended for 90 days and reduced to 10%—threatened to weaken consumer demand for shrimp in the U.S. while also reducing the competitiveness of Indian shrimp in the market.

Dr. Manoj M. Sharma, an Indian shrimp farmer and Managing Director of Mayank Aquaculture, explains that any kind of tax or tariff naturally causes panic—especially among primary producers and farmers. The impact was immediate, with processors in India halting shrimp purchases from farms until the situation became clearer.

“Fortunately, there’s now a 90-day pause on the tariffs, and purchasing has slowly resumed. In our area, the season has just started, so there’s limited material available. However, in Andhra Pradesh, where shrimp farming takes place yearround, farm-gate prices for all counts and sizes have dropped by 10–15%,” says Manoj.

On the other hand, many farmers are considering delaying their stocking, reducing stocking densities, or rotating their production cycles to cope with the uncertainty. Meanwhile,

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monodon farmers—who account for only 5–7 percent of total shrimp production—are mostly continuing with normal stocking densities of 10– 15 pieces per square meter.

Despite these challenges, Manoj believes that India remains in a relatively strong position compared to other Asian shrimp-producing countries. The country’s focus on value-added exports provides a competitive edge over producers like Ecuador.

However, if tariffs remain in place and other exporting nations either improve their value-added offerings or shift more easily to alternative markets like China, India’s shrimp sector could face increasing pressure in the long term.

Effects on the Upstream Sector The Trump tariffs have not only affected processors and farmers—they’ve also created a ripple effect throughout the broader farming support

Dr. Edward G. J. George Dr Manoj Sharma Issue 31 | Apr -2025

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industry and every layer of the value chain. Dr. Edward G. J. George, Global Product Manager – Aquatic Animal Health at Kemin AquaScience™, explains that since the announcement of the reciprocal tariffs, many shrimp farmers have become significantly more cost-conscious. There’s now a noticeable hesitation to adopt high-quality or innovative inputs, especially those perceived as premium.

“As a result, purchasing cycles have slowed, and many are reverting to short-term cost-saving methods that often compromise long-term pond health and yield. This not only affects our sales, but also the broader ecosystem, because if input quality declines, productivity and biosecurity also suffer, which eventually impacts the quality of shrimp that reach export markets,” says Edward.

This cautious behavior is also being felt upstream.

Feed manufacturers and input suppliers are adjusting their production strategies, scaling back inventory and shifting to shorter planning cycles. These changes undermine economies of scale and may drive up costs. Distribution networks are under strain as well, particularly in regions where farm demand has become erratic due to wavering market confidence.

“On the ground, this means suppliers must be more agile using real-time data, tighter coordination with farmers, and flexible supply models. At the same time, we’re encouraging our partners to focus

ARTICLE not just on volume but on efficiency and quality, which can help mitigate risk and sustain long-term viability even in uncertain trade environments,” Edward adds.

Manoj notes that India’s export authority, MPEDA, along with the national government, is actively exploring markets beyond the U.S. and China. Europe is a key target, followed by Japan, Russia, the Middle East, and Canada. He also points out that with a population of 1.4 billion, India’s domestic market presents enormous untapped potential.

Recognizing this, Manoj has already taken meaningful steps to tap into the local market. Through his restaurant brand, Zhingalala, he promotes shrimp consumption using a “from our farm to your plate” concept.

The initiative has gained strong traction and is proving scalable within India’s rapidly growing food service sector.

He explains that the goal is to offer farmers a sustainable alternative market. So far, the results have been promising, with around 400 tons of farm-fresh shrimp sold domestically. His expansion plans include launching restaurant chains, quick-service outlets, central kitchens, and venturing into the ready-to-cook and ready-to-eat product segments.

“I also aim to build a distribution network using a hub-and-spoke model for fresh and frozen shrimp sales, focusing within a 100–200 km radius. I believe that awareness, availability, affordability, and acceptability— the four A’s—will drive the success of the domestic market.” Manoj adds.

Collaborative Actions In response to the current situation, Edward hopes that every stakeholder across the industry will do their best within their capacity. Farmers, for example, can improve productivity per hectare by applying stronger biosecurity measures and using feed additives, while maintaining responsible stocking densities. Feed and input suppliers, on their part, should focus on educating farmers about effective, solution-oriented products—giving them the confidence to invest in higher-value inputs.

At the same time, processors and exporters need to invest in traceability, certifications, and value-added products to access premium segments in those potential markets. Policy support also plays a crucial role: expedited approvals for new technologies, improved cold-chain infrastructure, and incentives for sustainable practices are urgently needed.

“This is the time for the value chain to collaborate more closely, not compete in silos. If we take a systems-level view and act cohesively, the Indian shrimp industry can turn this challenge into an opportunity to upgrade itself for the future,” Edward concludes.

Photo source : doc. Manoj Sharma, Edward G. J. George

Long-term Strategies While the tariff issue has certainly impacted the industry, Edward observes a range of responses from different stakeholders. More professional or export-oriented farms are choosing to adapt—focusing on improving efficiency, using higher-quality inputs, and exploring alternative markets such as China, the European Union, and the Middle East.

In his view, the motivation within the industry hasn’t disappeared—it’s shifting. The real concern, he says, is that prolonged uncertainty without supportive policies could force smaller players out of the system or push them back to traditional, lower-yield methods.

“As suppliers, we’re trying to counter this with education, field support, and performance-backed solutions that give farmers a reason to stay invested. The key now is restoring visibility and confidence, because motivation follows clarity,” he explains.

This sentiment is echoed

by Manoj, who prefers to seek opportunity in the face of challenges. With over 30 years of experience in the shrimp industry, Manoj remains optimistic. He believes that, no matter the challenges, the industry has a long track record of adapting, recovering, and finding its way forward.

THE CRUST - AB

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WETMARKET

THE CRUST - MIDA

RIDING THE TRADE WAVE:

Indonesian Shrimp and the U.S. Tariff Storm

Shrimp in the Crosshairs: A New Era of U.S. Tariffs On April 2, 2025, the U.S. introduced a major shift in trade policy: a 10% universal tariff on all imports, plus country-specific tariffs of 32% on Indonesian products, totaling 42% on Indonesian shrimp. While initially set for April 9, President Trump soon announced a 90-day pause on most tariffs, citing economic concerns. However, tariffs on Chinese goods escalated to 125%, deepening tensions.

What’s a Tariff Anyway? A Quick Dive into Trade Walls Tariffs are taxes on imports, aimed at protecting domestic industries, correcting trade imbalances, and generating revenue. Typically, importers bear the cost, though tariffs can affect exporters indirectly through reduced demand. President Trump’s previous use of tariffs revived domestic manufacturing efforts, and in 2025, tariffs are once again a key tool, underpinned by protectionist aims.

Tariffs Calculation Explained (with Indonesia as an example) As part of “America First,” tariffs aim to shrink trade deficits, create jobs, and raise revenue. Here is how tariffs are calculated.

Reciprocal Tariff Rate =

Rate for Indonesia =

(

(

(:2

Treads Deficit with Country X Import from Country X

16,99 26,8

( : 2 = 0.317≈32%

Explanation: · Trade Deficit: $16.99 billion · Imports from Indonesia: $26.8 billion · Ratio (Deficit ÷ Imports) = ~0.634 or 63% · Divided by 2 to get final tariff rate ≈ 32% The reciprocal system differentiates tariffs based on trade balances—higher for deficit countries and a baseline 10% for surplus ones.

Issue 31 | Apr -2025

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The New U.S. Tariff Reality Under the new tariff regime, the U.S. applies a baseline 10% universal tariff on all imported goods, with additional reciprocal tariffs for certain countries. For major shrimp-exporting countries, Indonesia faces an additional 32% tariff, China faces a 20% base tariff with further tariffs reaching up to 145%, Vietnam faces a 46% tariff, and India faces a 26% tariff Indonesia’s Edge: No Countervailing Duties (CVDs) Despite the 42% tariff, Indonesia benefits by avoiding U.S. CVDs on shrimp—a major advantage over India, Ecuador, and Vietnam. However, Indonesia still faces 3.9% Anti-Dumping Duties (ADDs) since early 2024. In contrast, India and Vietnam face 5.77% and 2.84% CVDs, respectively.

This historical exemption helps Indonesian shrimp remain price-competitive. But with the full 42% tariff potentially kicking in after the 90-day pause, this edge is at risk.

Cracks in the Shell: Indonesian Shrimp’s Competitive Standing Without the 32% surcharge, Indonesia holds strong competitiveness in the U.S. shrimp market, with relatively lower processing costs and no CVD burden. Ecuador remains a rival with efficient farming and growing volume, but Indonesia’s consistent quality and established supply chains keep it viable. Even in a 10% tariff world, exporters must innovate and optimize operations to stay afloat.

What’s Really Behind the Tariffs?

While aimed at protecting domestic shrimp industries and reducing trade deficits, broader political motives also drive the tariffs. They act as negotiation leverage or political signals. Reactions have been swift—China retaliated, Vietnam opened to talks, and Indonesia proposed trade concessions to ease tensions.

Looking Forward: Strategy, Adaptation, and Resilience Indonesia is pivoting to diversification. Exports are now targeting East Asia (China, Japan, South Korea) and Australia.

Innovation in value-added products—like marinated shrimp, ready-to-cook meals, and sustainable packaging—is emphasized. Investments in hatchery-to-harvest efficiencies, automation, and sustainability are rising.

Diplomatically, Indonesia is strengthening bilateral and multilateral ties to advocate for tariff relief and fairer trade treatment.

Conclusion: Navigating Rough Waters The U.S. tariff regime threatens Indonesia’s shrimp exports, as even a 10% baseline tariff exposes the market to inflation, supply chain strain, and buyer uncertainty. While Indonesia’s no-CVD status offers some protection, prolonged demand dips could trigger factory closures, order cancellations, and economic distress in shrimp-farming regions. Without trade relief, this challenge risks escalating from market access issues to a broader threat to livelihoods.

Preventing EHP Through Early Detection and Adequate Preparation ne of the most pressing challenges in vannamei shrimp farming today is a disease known as EHP (Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei). As the name suggests, this parasite attacks the shrimp’s hepatopancreas—an essential organ for digestion and nutrient absorption—causing problems like stunted growth. In Indonesia, EHP continues to be a persistent threat, disrupting production cycles across the country.

Reynard Suharja, a shrimp farmer who operates farms in West Java and Lombok, tells The Crust that EHP is spreading widely across various regions in Indonesia, with different levels of severity. However, in recent times, the disease has hit shrimp farms in eastern Indonesia particularly hard.

Reynard says EHP is particularly tricky to detect because it doesn’t always affect feeding behavior right away. “Since EHP targets the hepatopancreas, the shrimp often continue eating normally at first,” he says. “You might see good average daily growth (ADG) for a while, and then it just stops. It’s hard to catch unless you’re monitoring closely.” He adds that EHP can also trigger secondary infections such as WFD (White Feces Disease), especially when ponds accumulate excess organic matter.

Kit Young, CEO and founder of Singapore-based Forte Biotech, says that many shrimp ponds in Indonesia often face challenges with poor water quality—an issue made worse by inade-

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Reynard Suharja

Issue 31 | Apr -2025

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quate waste management and a lack of proper pond hygiene.

These conditions can trigger not only the emergence of EHP but also other diseases like WFD. “The buildup of organic matter, such as uneaten feed and shrimp waste, further deteriorates water quality and creates ideal conditions for EHP to thrive,” says Kit. Regional Cases EHP is not only a concern in Indonesia—it has also been reported in countries such as Vietnam, Thailand, and Malaysia. Kit notes that EHP tends to emerge in intensive outdoor shrimp farms across Southeast Asia. The common signs include slow shrimp growth, wide size variation among shrimp, and a negative impact on feed conversion ratio (FCR).

Several factors contribute to the spread of EHP in these regions, including high stocking density, poor water quality and biosecurity, limited access to early detection tools, a high organic load (mostly from uneaten feed and sludge), high salinity, and inconsistent water management.

According to Kit, the persistence of EHP across Southeast Asia highlights the urgent need for stronger disease surveillance and control strategies. These strategies should include the use of molecular diagnostics, improved waste management, and better farming practices.

While EHP cases in Indonesia and neighboring countries share similar causes and symptoms, the treatment methods can vary. In Indonesia, farmers typically reduce stocking densities, apply probiotics more frequently, remove sludge from the pond bottom, and use

functional feeds. In Thailand, many farmers adopt biofloc systems, use probiotics, treat water with UVC sterilization, and also rely on functional feeds.

Similarly, Vietnam relies on functional feeds, water disinfection, probiotics, and in some cases, still uses antibiotics. Meanwhile, shrimp farmers in the Philippines often opt for early harvest, apply medications to affected shrimp, and closely monitor FCR as part of their response strategy.

Why Early Detection Matters Kit highlights that one of the biggest challenges with EHP is that infections are subclinical in the early stages.

Infected shrimp often show no visible symptoms, meaning the disease can silently spread across a pond before farmers even realize the problem. Unlike bacterial infections or viral outbreaks like WSSV (White Spot Syndrome Virus), which cause sudden mortality, EHP is a microsporidian parasite that targets the shrimp’s hepatopancreas. It impacts growth performance rather than causing immediate death.

Since EHP doesn’t show visible symptoms except for stunted growth, Kit believes it can’t be detected through simple visual inspections or basic bacterial tests. “The greatest challenge with EHP detection isn’t just identifying the disease; it’s catching it early enough to take corrective action,” he explains.

To help shrimp farmers take preventive measures against EHP, Kit recommends using some of the toolkits available on the market.

Forte Biotech, for instance, has also developed test kits which claimed to be easy to

ARTICLE use, reliable in both speed and accuracy, and affordable.

“Farmers now have a variety of products to choose from to detect EHP, depending on their specific needs,” he adds.

Although familiar with some of these toolkits for early-stage EHP detection, Reynard isn’t currently using any of them on his farms. While he acknowledges that these kits are effective, particularly for early detection, he pointed out that not all farms consistently use them in practice.

Checking up on shrimp health nate EHP spores in ponds, as they can survive for a long time in both water and soil. However, we can prevent the spread of EHP by increasing the abundance of microbiota in the shrimp’s digestive tract through the use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and biofloc,” he explains.

THE CRUST - RZ, AB

Kit Young

12 Issue 31 | Apr -2025

Photo source : doc. Reynard Suharja, Kit Young, The CRUST - AB

How to Respond Despite the challenges posed by EHP, Reynard believes that infected shrimp can still perform well under the right conditions. However, the Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) may increase to 1.6–1.8, depending on the situation.

Around 70–80% of infected ponds can still be harvested and yield a profit, though the margins will be lower. “It’s risky, but we’re shrimp farmers—risk is part of the job,” he says.

To combat EHP, Reynard applies up to 500 ppm of quicklime during pond preparation to destroy spores. He also uses fermented feed to improve shrimp gut health.

While he acknowledges that no single solution fully eradicates EHP, he recommends shrimp farmers focus on proper liming, reducing stress, avoiding overfeeding, and maintaining a balanced pond ecosystem. Solid pond preparation is essential, especially if the pond has previously been affected by EHP. He advises using more quicklime and selecting strong post-larvae (PL).

In addition, Kit suggests that shrimp farmers implement strong biosecurity to reduce the risk of EHP transmission. This includes

pretreating water sources, managing water quality, installing fencing around cultivation areas, using layered filters, and providing handwashing, food-washing, and wheel-washing facilities.

Using PL that have been tested and certified free of diseases or pathogens—such as those with a Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) certificate—can also help minimize the risk of vertical EHP transmission.

“Until now, there is no effective method to fully elimi-

For Road Trips, Holidays, and Work Travel Planning a long journey? Whether it’s across countries or just across the island, use this checklist to make sure your trip is smooth, fulfilling, and stress-free.

DOCUMENTS

☐ Passport / ID ☐ Boarding passes / tickets ☐ Hotel & activity confirmations ☐ Travel insurance details ☐ Copies of all important documents ☐ Emergency contact list

HEALTH & HYGIENE

☐ Prescription medications ☐ First-aids ☐ Vitamins / Supplements ☐ Sunscreen

TECH GEAR

CLOTHING (PACK SMART)

☐ Versatile outfits ☐ Layers for cold weather ☐ Comfortable shoes ☐ Sandals / slippers ☐ Undergarments, socks, sleepwear ☐ Swimwear / workout gear (if needed) ☐ 1 outfit for a nice dinner or meeting

TOILETRIES (BASIC KIT)

☐ Toothbrush & toothpaste ☐ Deodorant, comb/brush ☐ Travel-size shampoo / soap ☐ Laundry bag

☐ Phone + charger ☐ Power bank ☐ Universal adapter (international travel) ☐ Headphones / earbuds ☐ Downloaded maps, music, or books ☐ Offline translation or travel apps

EASY TO GET ON THE TRIP

COMFORT ITEMS

☐ Unplug electronics ☐ Empty trash / fridge ☐ Secure home (doors, windows, lights) ☐ Set out-of-office message ☐ Double-check all bookings

☐ Travel pillow, eye mask, earplugs ☐ Reusable water bottle ☐ Lightweight blanket or scarf ☐ Sunglasses

SIM card or local Wi-Fi rental Snacks, bottled drinks Toiletries (if running low)

BEFORE YOU LEAVE

Travel smart. Travel light. Travel safe.

Do you have anything else that we might have missed?

Bon voyage!

THE CRUST - RIZKY

Issue 31 | Apr -2025

13

BREAKTIME

The Ultimate Long Trip Checklist

Denny Leonardo

Shrimp is love Shrimp is life

Rizky Darmawan Veni Vidi Fishy

Gemilang Lim

My secret to joy in life is in finding balance Balance in family, sweating, and making decisions

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