The catholic monarchs

3. THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS IMPORTANT DATES -

1469: -

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1474: -

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Marriage of Isabel of Castilla and Fernando of Aragón.

Isabel becomes Queen Isabel I of Castilla

1479: - Fernando becomes king Fernando II of Aragón.

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1492: -

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1504: -

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Isabel I of Castilla dies.

Her daughter Juana is young so Fernando II of Aragón becomes regent of Castilla.

1506: -

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Conquest of Granada Discovery of America

Juana of Castilla, named Juana «The Mad» , suffera from mental illness His father rules as regent until his death

1516: -

After Fernando’s death, cardinal Cisneros becomes regent before Juana’s son Carlos V became king of Spain

3. THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS DYNASTIC UNION - Under the reign of Isabel I of Castilla and Fernando II of Aragón, Spain’s kingdoms joined as one of the most powerful monarchies.

- Their marriage was not a union of kingdoms, it was a dynastic union: - Both crowns kept their own law, institutions, borders and currency..

- Both monarchs governed their territories together and introduced common policies at an international level.

3. THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS TERRITORIAL EXPANSION IN THE IBERIAN PENINSULA - The Catholic Monarchs hoped to unite all the kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula under their crown: 1. Granada: - The Nasrid kingdom was in the middle of a civil war .

- They took advantage by conquering Muslims lands.

- King Boabdil surrendered in 1492, this marked the end of the Reconquista.

2. Navarra: - In 1512 king Fernando used his alliance with France as an excuse to invade the kingdom of Navarra and annex it to Castilla.

- But e maintained its laws and institutions.

3. Portugal: - The Catholic Monarchs created links with the Portuguese monarchy through royal marriages.

- Portugal only became part of the monarchy during the reign of Felipe II.

3. THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS FOREIGN POLICIES - The interests of both crowns were in two ways: 1.

Marriage policy - They had the goal of isolating France.

- They carried out a marriage policy with their sons and daughters: - Isabel and Maria to Manuel I of Portugal - Juan to Margaret of Habsburg.

- Juana to Philip of Austria «The Fair», their heir to the Duchy of Burgundy and the Earldom of Flanders.

-- Catalina to king Henry VIII of England.

2. International expansion 1. Atlantic expansion: - The priority of Castilla was to control trade routes and to finish the occupation of the Canary Islands (crucial to exploring the route to the West Indies) 2. Mediterranean expansion: - Aragón was concerned with its Mediterranean interests, especially in Italy - Gonzalo Fernánde de Córdoba, named the Great Captain, defeated the French in Italy.

- This help them regain the counties of Roussillon and Cerdagne.

3. North Africa expansion - This expansion reached several coastal areas such as Melilla.