2022 Cornerstone

ACADEMIC FOUNDATION FOR GLOBAL LEADERSHIP

CORNERSTONE

AN IMPORTANT QUALITY OR FEATURE ON WHICH A PARTICULAR THING DEPENDS OR IS BASED.

FROM THE DIRECTOR

I am pleased to welcome you to the annual report of the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study. You will find some significant milestones in this issue of Cornerstone

At our 2022 gala, held in May due to pandemic complications earlier in the year, I inducted the ninth and tenth cohorts of Hagler Fellows. In August 2022, the Hagler Institute completed its first decade of operation, having brought 88 of the world’s top scholars and industry leaders to Texas A&M University. Our fellows are from extremely diverse backgrounds, covering many fields of study, and coming from all over the world. Many active fellows have now resumed their visits to the Texas A&M campus. During the pandemic collaborations proceeded from afar.

I am proud of the operations of the institute, as well as the impact we are making on campus. In addition to myself, the institute operates with two full-time staff, a part-time assistant, and two undergraduate student workers. I am half-time in the institute and remain engaged in aerospace engineering grant research and the supervision of PhD students. Even with this lean operation, our work has proceeded without pause as the size of our workload has grown, despite my term as interim president of Texas A&M, the unprecedented COVID-19 lockdowns, and my period of recuperation from a fractured femur. The institute staff productivity has been off the charts. Much of the work of the institute involves administering the process by which fellows are nominated, evaluated, and recruited. We provide considerable assistance to the deans with recruiting, negotiations, and drafting offer letters to new fellows.

We provide two graduate student fellowships per fellow, a process that requires significant contact with academic departments. We prepare detailed reports on our operation and our aspirations for annual meetings with our Administrative Council and External Advisory Board. We publish frequent editions of the Hagler Institute newsletter, as well as our yearly Cornerstone and our Eminence brochure.

We also promote research collaborations between visiting fellows and Texas A&M’s outstanding faculty and students; organize and support symposiums that include fellows, as well as lectures within colleges, schools, and departments; and promote multidisciplinary meetings and collaborations with periodic luncheons for Hagler Fellows on campus.

To celebrate the outset of our second decade, in September 2022 we announced the largest single year recruitment of world-class scholars thus far, with 14 fellows and one distinguished lecturer. The Hagler Institute will officially induct them at our gala February 24, 2023.

We resumed our in-person lectures open to the university and community and also available through internet media. We began in September with a presentation by Hagler Institute Distinguished Lecturer and former 2013-2014 fellow from the University of Maryland, Robert Levine. He discussed his latest book about the role of Frederick Douglass in the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson.

Lena Cowen Orlin, 2020-2021 fellow from Georgetown University and a Trustee of the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust, presented a lecture related to her recent award-winning book about the private life of William Shakespeare.

I welcome you to review research summaries by three fellows, briefly discussed in this issue of Cornerstone. The variety of their fields of study is just a sample of the broad contribution and expertise that the Hagler Institute is making to Texas A&M.

The president of France chose Henry Rousso, Hagler Fellow in the Bush School of Government and Public Service and France’s most significant historian, to create a museum near Paris devoted to the study of terrorism and to also serve as a memorial to its victims. He documents the progress on that endeavor.

Peter Hotez, a prominent medical researcher at the Baylor College of Medicine, informs of his work with faculty and students in Texas A&M’s School of Public Health. A visible commentator in the media throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, he discusses issues with vaccines in a world with multiple challenges.

William Unruh, world-renown astrophysicist from the University of British Columbia, reports on black holes and astrophysical fluid flows.

I am pleased to report that upon

completion of his time as a fellow in the Hagler Institute. William joined Texas A&M’s faculty half-time in the Institute of Quantum Science and Engineering.

The Hagler Institute is a permanent addition to Texas A&M, devoted to enhancing excellence through exchange of ideas and collaboration with the world’s finest scholars, researchers, and industry leaders. During our first decade of operation, 13 Hagler Fellows joined Texas A&M’s faculty, representing more than 20 percent of fellows who have completed their Hagler Fellows appointment in the institute. These scholars enrich A&M’s expertise in the fields of architecture, veterinary medicine, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, aerospace engineering, education, astronomy, law, and physics, including specialists in quantum science.

To provide some sense of the impact made by a first visit by a Hagler Fellow, I leave you with a note I received from Sarbajit Banerjee, professor of chemistry and professor of materials science and engineering about the first visit in early fall of 20202021 by Julia King, Baroness Brown of Cambridge, UK.

“I wanted to send a brief note to thank you for the opportunity to host Baroness Brown as a Hagler Fellow. Baroness Brown and Dr. Colin Brown just returned to the

UK after an amazing visit that encompassed about four lectures, three workshops, and over 75 meetings. Dr. Brown also delivered three lectures and spoke to students ranging from chemistry to mechanical engineering and even construction science. They were quite blown away by what we have to offer and the tremendous energy at Texas A&M.

I never quite understood what you meant when you mentioned …that having such a visitor (Hagler Fellow) is about the same as having a million dollar grant. I understand now in spades! The three weeks were absolutely invaluable and hugely inspiring for our entire team including graduate students. We look forward to hosting her for future visits.”

If you are considering providing support to Texas A&M, I invite you to visit with me personally at our offices on the 8th floor of Rudder Tower, in the heart of the Texas A&M campus, or with Tyson Voelkel, president of the Texas A&M Foundation. I ask you to contemplate the impact you can make by supporting our unique mission of excellence.

JOHN L. JUNKINS Founding Director Hagler Institute for Advanced Study

ABOUT THE HAGLER INSTITUTE

The Hagler Institute is a cornerstone of academic excellence at Texas A&M and is renowned among US institutions of higher education.

The Hagler Institute for Advanced Study is devoted to the highest measure of academic excellence. It is the only institute of its kind in the United States. Located in Rudder Tower in the heart of the Texas A&M campus, the Hagler Institute serves all colleges, select institutes, Texas A&M at Galveston, and A&M’s School of Law in Fort Worth. The Hagler Institute brings the world’s most notable scholars—known as Hagler Fellows—to campus for up to one year to inspire and collaborate with Texas A&M’s outstanding faculty and students. A minimum criterion for selection as a Hagler Fellow is election into one of the national academies or having equivalent stature in other fields. The institute is devoted to the highest measure of academic excellence. In its first 11 years, the institute has helped

bring 102 Hagler Fellows to Texas A&M, including four Nobel Prize recipients and winners of many other prestigious honors.

Now a permanent feature on campus, the Hagler Institute was the idea of its founding director, John L. Junkins, a university distinguished professor in the Department of Aerospace Engineering and former Texas A&M interim president. The concept was proven over a five-year period with startup funds provided by Chancellor John Sharp and Texas A&M’s Academic Master Plan. A commitment of continuing A&M funding by then Texas A&M President Michael K. Young and supported by President M. Katherine Banks, along with the resulting significant endowment provided by Distinguished Alumnus Jon L. Hagler ‘58, ensures the institute’s stability.

“Year after year, the Hagler Institute attracts an astounding variety of world-class scholars to our campus. Between 20 percent and 25 percent of these Hagler Fellows eventually join Texas A&M’s permanent faculty. By any measure, the Hagler Institute is one of Texas A&M’s great success stories. There’s no institute like this anywhere in America and I am so proud to be a part of it.”

Chancellor John Sharp, The Texas A&M University System

The implications for the academic environment at Texas A&M are astounding. In essence, each year the Hagler Institute injects new academic excellence into a variety of fields of study at the university.

The typical fellow now spends more than six months in residence, spread over three years. Within any one year, 30 or more visiting world-class scholars are commonly on the A&M campus. The impact of the Hagler Institute on academic excellence will advance at a pace determined by donor support and by each college or school’s participation as reflected in fellow nominations.

The Hagler Institute broadly elevates the reputation of Texas A&M by:

• connecting A&M faculty and students with recognized scholars from across the United States and, thus far, twelve other countries;

• fostering advanced problem solving, research, and publications;

• increasing external research funding through efforts of current and former Hagler Fellows;

• attracting additional world-class scholars to Texas A&M’s faculty as a by-product of their in-residence visits, some using funds from the Governor’s University Research Initiative and the Chancellor’s Research Initiative; and

• attracting new outstanding faculty and students by providing a unique intellectual atmosphere.

ABOUT JON L. HAGLER

His devotion to Texas A&M has been evident throughout his adult life. Jon L. Hagler is recognized nationally as a leader in investment management as well as philanthropy. In 1984, he and wife Jo Ann founded the Jon L. Hagler Foundation, a private, independent foundation that has financially supported Texas A&M as well as multiple philanthropic efforts across the nation.

Hagler has shown an interest in supporting overarching initiatives that elevate Texas A&M’s academic stature and contribute to A&M’s long-term success. He is highly regarded and respected at the university for his leadership and contributions, both of which have spanned decades.

Texas A&M recognized Hagler with an honorary doctorate in 2015 and the 2005 Sterling C. Evans Medal for his dedication in supporting Texas A&M. He was named a Texas A&M Distinguished Alumnus in 1999 and is a past member of the board of directors of the Association of Former Students.

Hagler chaired the executive committee of the One Spirit, One Vision campaign from 2000 to 2006; co-chaired the university’s 1999 strategic planning initiative, Vision 2020: Creating a Culture of Excellence; served as past chairman and trustee emeritus of the Texas A&M Foundation Board of Trustees; and was the leading donor of the Texas A&M Foundation’s campus headquarters named in his honor. He has offered valuable guidance as a member of the institute’s external advisory board since its formation and through his generosity has helped make the institute a permanent part of Texas A&M. To ensure prestigious leadership in years ahead, Hagler endowed the director’s chair to provide research support for future directors of the institute. Hagler received his bachelor’s degree from Texas A&M in 1958, was a Corps of Cadets commander during his senior year, and served as a Ross Volunteer. He earned an MBA from Harvard University in 1963.

Jon L. Hagler ’58 funded a significant endowment for the Institute for Advanced Study to ensure its permanence as an epitome of excellence on the A&M campus.

FACULTY ADVISORY BOARD

The Hagler Institute Faculty Advisory Board is charged with the responsibility of studying and analyzing the records of nominees for the Hagler Institute Fellows, assessing their qualifications, and selecting the scholars to be recruited.

2022

Term Expires May 31, 2023

Rajan Varadarajan Mays Business School

Fuller Bazer College of Agriculture and Life Sciences

Karen L. Wooley College of Arts & Sciences

2023

Term Expires May 31, 2024

M. Cynthia Hipwell College of Engineering

Stephen H. Safe School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences

Dorothy Shippen College of Agriculture and Life Sciences

2024

Term Expires May 31, 2025

Robert Kennicutt College of Arts & Sciences

Glynn S. Lunney Jr. School of Law

Jörg M. Steiner School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences

THREE OF THE NINE SEATS ON THE ADVISORY BOARD ARE CHOSEN BY THE UNIVERSITY’S PROVOST AND THE VICE PRESIDENT FOR RESEARCH. THE REMAINING SIX SEATS ARE CHOSEN BY THE ELECTORATE FROM AMONG ITS MEMBERS.

“We’ve made excellent progress in attracting the world’s top researchers to Texas A&M, thanks to the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, the Governor’s University Research Initiative and the Chancellor’s Research Initiative. Over the last decade, we’ve seen close to a fivefold increase in the number of national academy members.”

M. Katherine Banks, President, Texas A&M University

EXTERNAL ADVISORY BOARD

The Hagler Institute External Advisory Board annually reviews the activities of the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study at Texas A&M to provide guidance, advice, and recommendations.

CHAIR

Norman R. Augustine

Former Under Secretary, US Army

Former Chair and CEO, Lockheed Martin Corporation

Former President, National Academy of Engineering

Committee Chair, Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future

National Medal of Technology University of Warwick

Distinguished Lecture

VICE CHAIR

Ray M. Bowen

Distinguished Visiting Professor, Rice University

Former President, Texas A&M University

Former Chair, National Science Board

Former Division Director and Deputy Director, National Science Foundation

Susan R. Bailey

Partner, Fort Worth Allergy and Asthma Associates

President, American Medical Association, 2021-2022

Regent Emerita, Texas A&M University System

Distinguished Fellow, American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology

Distinguished Alumnus, The Association of Former Students, Texas A&M University

Former President, Texas Medical Association

Jon L. Hagler

Former Director, GMO

Former Chairman, Texas A&M Foundation Board of Trustees

Former Co-Chair, Texas A&M’s Vision 2020 Planning Initiative

Sterling C. Evans Medal, The Texas A&M Foundation

Distinguished Alumnus, The Association of Former Students, Texas A&M University

Honorary Doctor of Letters, Texas A&M University

Herbert H. Richardson

Chancellor Emeritus, The Texas A&M University System

Director Emeritus, Texas A&M Transportation Institute University

Distinguished Professor Emeritus, Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University

National Academy of Engineering

ASME Rufus Oldenburger Medal

Ray Rothrock

Chairman and CEO, RedSeal, Inc.

Venrock, Partner Emeritus

Forbes Midas List

Former Chair, National Venture Capital Association

Member, MIT Corporation

Vice Chairman, UTIMCO

Distinguished Alumnus, The Association of Former Students, Texas A&M University Director, Check Point Software Technology, Ltd.

Director, Roku Inc.

Trustee, Carnegie Institute of Science Director, Nuclear Threat Initiative

Ronald L. Skaggs

Chairman Emeritus and CEO, HKS Inc., Architects/Engineers/Planners

President, American Institute of Architects (AIA)

Chancellor, AIA College of Fellows

Board Chairman and Vice Chair, National Institute of Building Sciences

National Academy of Construction

Distinguished Alumnus, The Association of Former Students, Texas A&M University

John White

Chairman Emeritus, The Texas A&M University System Board of Regents

Trustee, George and Barbara Bush Foundation

Former Chairman, Ed Rachal Foundation

Former Director, UTIMCO

Fellow, American Bar Foundation

Inductee, Texas A&M University Corps of Cadets Hall of Honor

Fifth Generation Texas Rancher

Sheila E. Widnall

Institute Professor and Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Former Secretary of the Air Force

National Academy of Engineering

American Academy of Arts and Sciences

American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics

Former President, AAAS

Member, Columbia Accident Investigation Board

EMERITUS MEMBERS

H. Norman Abramson*

Former Executive Vice President, Southwest Research Institute

National Academy of Engineering

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA)

ASME Medal Recipient

AIAA Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Award

Anita K. Jones

Professor Emerita, University of Virginia

Former Director, Defense Research and Engineering, US Department of Defense

National Academy of Engineering

Committee Member, Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future

Former Vice Chair, National Science Board

Linda P. B. Katehi

Professor, Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University

Former Chancellor, Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis

National Academy of Engineering

American Academy of Arts and Sciences

Alexander von Humboldt Research Award

V. Lane Rawlins

President Emeritus, University of North Texas

Former President, Washington State University

Former President, University of Memphis

NCAA Board of Directors

*Recently deceased

STAFF

Ed Fry

Deputy Director

Associate Department Head for Development

Department of Physics and Astronomy College of Arts & Sciences

Jörg M. Steiner Faculty Liaison

University Distinguished Professor

Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences

John L. Junkins

Founding Director

University Distinguished Professor Department of Aerospace Engineering College of Engineering

Clifford L. Fry

Associate Director

Amanda Scott Assistant Director

ADVOCATES

Advocates for the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study at Texas A&M champion the institute to anyone who shares an interest in the advancement of Texas A&M. In addition, Advocates identify like-minded prospective donors who may want to help establish a strong financial foundation for the institute’s mission.

Janice Adams

Norman R. Augustine

Miroslav Begovic

Jason A. Blackstone ’99

Ray M. Bowen ’58

Jean-Louis and Janet Briaud

Bill E. Carter ’69

Jerry S. Cox ’72

John L. Crompton ’77

Ronald A. DeVore

Edward S. Fry

Ram and Angela Galindo

J. Rick Giardino

Melbern G. Glasscock ’59

Janet A. Handley ’76

William C. Hearn ’63

Rodney C. Hill

M. Cynthia Hipwell

Michael A. Hitt

Carl F. Jaedicke ’73

Antony Jameson

Linda P. B. Katehi

Christopher Layne

Frank Little

Karin C. Loftin

R. Bowen Loftin

Carolyn S. Lohman

George J. Mann

William J. Merrell Jr. ’71

Richard and Susan Miles

Charles R. Munnerlyn ’62

Alan and Wanda Needleman

H. Joseph Newton

Gerald R. North

Erle A. Nye ’59

Elaine S. and Daniel Oran

Marcia Ory

George and Marilyn Pharr

Thomas W. Powell ’62

J.N. and Aruna Reddy

Herbert H. Richardson

Jess C. (Rick) Rickman III ’70

Mercedes Rodriguez

B. Don Russell ’70

Stephanie W. Sale

William S. Saric and Helen L. Reed

Thomas R. Saving

Marlan O. Scully

Les E. Shephard ’77

James M. Singleton IV ’66

Ronald L. Skaggs ’65

Michael L. Slack ’73

Christine A. Stanley ’90

Jörg M. Steiner

James E. Womack

Karen and Mark Wooley

Stratos and Maria

Zarai-Pistikopoulos

ADMINISTRATIVE COUNCIL

The Hagler Institute Administrative Council oversees the operation of the institute and reviews its progress. The university’s provost selects the institute’s director.

CHAIR

Alan Sams Interim Provost Vice President of Academic Affairs Chief Academic Officer

VICE CHAIR

Jack G. Baldauf Vice President for Research

Robert B. Ahdieh Dean, School of Law Dean and Anthony G. Buzbee

Endowed Dean’s Chair Professor, School of Law

John R. August Dean, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Professor, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences

José Luis Bermúdez Interim Dean, College of Arts & Sciences Professor, College of Arts & Sciences

John W. Crawford

Vice President for Finance and Chief Financial Officer Division of Finance

Shawn G. Gibbs Dean, School of Public Health Professor, School of Public Health

Dimitris Lagoudas

Senior Associate Dean for Research

Robert C. “Bud” Hagner Chair of Engineering University Distinguished Professor, College of Engineering

Michael A. de Miranda Dean, School of Education & Human Development Professor, School of Education & Human Development

Jon Mogford

Chief Operating Officer and Senior Vice President Texas A&M Health

Fred Nafukho

Senior Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs Professor, School of Education and Human Development

Stratos Pistikopoulos

Director, Texas A&M Energy Institute Professor, College of Engineering

Kenneth S. Ramos, M.D., Ph.D

Associate Vice President for Research, Texas A&M Health Executive Director, Texas A&M Institute of Biosciences and Technology Director, Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Alkek Chair of Medical Genetics Professor, School of Medicine

Jerry R. Strawser

Associate Dean for Graduate Programs

Professor, Mays Business School

Patrick Suermann

Interim Dean, School of Architecture

Associate Professor, School of Architecture

Tyson Voelkel

President and CEO Texas A&M Foundation

General (Ret.) Mark A. Welsh III

Dean, Bush School of Government & Public Service

Edward and Howard Kruse

Endowed Chair

Executive Professor, Bush School of Government & Public Service

NATIONAL ACADEMY SCHOLARS ON THE TEXAS A&M FACULTY

Some Hagler Fellows joined Texas A&M’s faculty after completing their work in the institute. These scholars are Permanent Members of the Hagler Institute, and they have been catalysts for attracting other academy level scholars to Texas A&M’s faculty. Other academy level scholars on Texas A&M’s faculty are Affiliates of the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study.

Most professors on this list are members in one or more of the congressionally mandated national academies, the National Academy of Engineering, National Academy of Medicine, or National Academy of Sciences. Those in the American Academy of Arts and Sciences are also are listed as Affiliates. Some faculty are members of multiple academies, and some are members of prestigious international academies.

Kyle T. Alfriend College of Engineering

Robert Ambrose College of Engineering

Leif Andersson* School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences

Regan Bailey College of Agriculture and Life Sciences

M. Katherine Banks President

Mark A. Barteau College of Engineering

Donald J. Darensbourg College of Arts & Sciences

Marcetta Darensbourg College of Arts & Sciences

Akhil Datta-Gupta College of Engineering

Luiz Davidovich* Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering

Ronald A. DeVore College of Arts & Sciences

Nancy W. Dickey School of Medicine

Bonnie J. Dunbar College of Engineering

Ali Erdemir College of Engineering

Gilbert Froment College of Engineering

Yassin A. Hassan College of Engineering

Dudley R. Herschbach College of Arts & Sciences

M. Cynthia Hipwell College of Engineering

Roger Howe* School of Education & Human Development

James Hubbard Jr.* College of Engineering

Antony Jameson College of Engineering

John L. Junkins College of Engineering

Linda P.B. Katehi College of Engineering

Robert Kennicutt Jr.* College of Arts & Sciences

Mladen Kezunovic College of Engineering

Panganamala

Ramana Kumar College of Engineering

David Lee College of Arts & Sciences

W. John Lee College of Engineering

Frances Ligler College of Engineering

George Ligler College of Engineering

Richard Bryant Miles College of Engineering

Warren “Pete” Miller College of Engineering

Alan Needleman* College of Engineering

Elaine S. Oran College of Engineering

Thomas J. Overbye College of Engineering

Roderic I. Pettigrew School of Engineering Medicine

George M. Pharr College of Engineering

Darwin J. Prockop School of Medicine

Kenneth S. Ramos Institute of Biosciences and Technology

Junuthula N. Reddy College of Engineering

Peter Rentzepis College of Engineering

Herbert Richardson Emeritus College of Engineering

B. Don Russell College of Engineering

William Sage* School of Law

William S. Saric Emeritus College of Engineering

Marlan O. Scully Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering

Chanan Singh College of Engineering

Vijay Singh College of Agriculture & Life Sciences

Robert Skelton* Emeritus College of Engineering

Patrick J. Stover College of Agriculture and Life Sciences

Edwin “Ned” Thomas* College of Engineering

William Unruh* Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering

James E. Womack School of Medicine

Karen L. Wooley College of Arts & Sciences

*Hagler Institute Permanent Member

LEGACY SOCIETY

The Legacy Society is composed of former students, faculty, staff, and friends of the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study who have made gifts or made provisions for planned estate gifts to the institute.

ENDOWMENTS AND CASH GIFTS

SIGNATURE DONORS

$10,000,000 OR MORE

Jon L. Hagler ’58

$1,000,000–$9,999,999

Trisha and L.C. “Chaz” Neely ’62

Thomas W. Powell ’62

Eric Yong Xu ’93

$100,000–$999,999

Jerry (’72) and Kay Cox (’02) Foundation

Susanne M. and Melbern G. Glasscock ‘59

Mary and Charles H. Gregory ’64

Karin C. and R. Bowen Loftin ’71

Judy and Robert Skelton

Bradley L. Worsham ’88

Anthony J. Wood ’90 and Susan D. Wood ’89

$99,999 OR LESS

H. Norman Abramson

Jean-Louis and Janet Briaud

Alan Needleman

Katepalli R. Sreenivasan

Willard and Anne Levin Foundation

LEGACY PLANNED ESTATE GIFTS

Janet Bluemel

Walter and Charlotte Buchanan

Judy and Clifford Fry ’67

John Gladysz

Jon L. Hagler (’58) Foundation

Elouise and John L. Junkins

Ozden Ochoa

Anonymous

Christi L. ’98 and Tyson T. Voelkel ’96

Roderick D. Stepp ’59

GRANTS

$100,000

The Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation, Inc.

$50,000

Ed Rachal Foundation

JUNKINS RECEIVES THE KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON AWARD

The Hagler Institute for Advanced Study received state-wide attention in 2015. Its success, along with the Chancellor’s Research Initiative, that provided funds to help attract academy level scholars to A&M’s faculty, inspired Governor Greg Abbott to establish the Governor’s University Research Initiative, which aims to add more academy level faculty to Texas universities.

The success of the Hagler Institute also impressed The Academy of Medicine, Engineering & Science of Texas (TAMEST). At its 2022 annual meeting in June in San Antonio, TAMEST presented John L. Junkins,

founder and Director of the Hagler Institute, with the Kay Bailey Hutchison Distinguished Service Award. From the TAMEST News bulletin, “Junkins is recognized for attracting and nurturing top-tier research talent in Texas through the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study at Texas A&M University.”

The award is presented for exceptional service that advances the goals of TAMEST, and it is bestowed only when current and past presidents of TAMEST vote and deem it deserved. Junkins was the first individual member of TAMEST to be awarded this honor. In his acceptance remarks, Junkins accepted this award on behalf

John L. Junkins was the first individual member of TAMEST to be awarded this honor.

of the “remarkable team effort of the staff of the Hagler Institute.”

TAMEST members are in one or more of the congressionally mandated national academies of medicine, engineering, and science. The membership represents the most accomplished researchers in those fields in Texas.

David E. Daniel, the TAMEST president, interviewed Junkins in a special session titled “Attracting Top-Tier Talent to Texas.” He began by telling the audience how difficult it is to recruit academy members located in another state, and that the Hagler Institute has managed to attract 88 such scholars (which is now 102). Junkins explained how only those nominees meeting the highest standards and receiving the highest honors of their profession are approved for recruiting as fellows of the institute. Junkins displayed a collage of pictures of the 88 fellows that the institute has brought to Texas A&M to collaborate on research with its faculty and students by offering them the “mother of all sabbaticals.” He explained that more than 20 percent of the fellows have joined Texas A&M’s faculty upon completing their time in the institute. He also remarked that the fellows, their faculty hosts, and the collaborating graduate students have all enjoyed acceleration of their careers.

Junkins thanked John Sharp, Chancellor of the A&M System, for the start-up funds for the institute, and Jon Hagler, for the endowment that secured the permanency of the institute. President M. Katherine Banks’ support for the institute has helped advance the impact of the institute on the A&M campus. Junkins warmly acknowledged Associate Director Clifford Fry and Assistant Director Amanda Scott for helping make the institute a successful venture and, especially, for carrying the load of the institute when he recently served as Interim President of Texas A&M University. Junkins reserved a special thank you for his wife, Elouise, for her love, support, and inspiration.

The award is a capstone that marks the Hagler Institute’s first decade of success.

In his final comments, Junkins, partially quoting from an old television show, the A-Team, said, “I just love it when a good plan comes together! However, we are just getting warmed up. We look forward to continued elevation of the reputation of Texas A&M University and academy representation in Texas.”

The Kay Bailey Hutchison Award is the supreme TAMEST tribute to the establishment and accomplishments of the Hagler Institute.

SECTION TWO

THE IMPACT

the Texas A&M campus.

That annual influx of talent enriches Texas A&M’s intellectual atmosphere, enhances the quality of academic programs, accelerates solutions to complex research problems, and heightens Texas A&M’s reputation as a top-tier research university.

Another hallmark of a great university is that renowned scholars at other universities want to engage with its faculty and students. The Hagler Institute has proven an important magnet for such engagements at Texas A&M.

During their time on campus, Hagler Fellows engage in intense research with Texas A&M’s internationally known senior faculty and rising-star junior faculty.

Furthermore, the Hagler Institute provides two graduate student fellowships per fellow to ensure that A&M’s top students have the opportunity to team with Hagler Fellows and their A&M hosts in meaningful research. These associations can fundamentally enhance students’ career options.

In their host colleges or schools, fellows often present lectures that reach a broad audience. In addition, the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study chooses one fellow each semester to present its public Eminent Scholar Lecture.

Although the institute is not designed to recruit permanent faculty, the time in residence gives Hagler Fellows a valuable look at the opportunities and

The Hagler Institute for Advanced Study is a beacon of excellence that ensures such opportunities by bringing world-class scholars, called fellows, for extensive visits to

research facilities of this great institution. During the institute’s first ten years, approximately 22 percent of fellows joined Texas A&M’s permanent faculty after completing their time in the institute. Each of these fellows represent the cream of the crop of potential faculty additions. Such distinguished faculty in turn draw other outstanding scholars. Since the Hagler Institute was established eleven years ago, the university has added 40 new national academy level faculty. This outstanding talent has helped make Texas A&M the first academic institution in Texas to exceed $1 billion in external research funding.

Within the addition of fellows to engineering faculty lies a unique success story. Alan Needleman, a 2012–13 fellow and one of the world’s most cited scholars, joined Texas A&M’s faculty upon completing his work in the Hagler Institute. The College of Arts and Sciences and the College of Engineering joined forces to form a new

13 of 102

SCHOLARS IN THE FIRST ELEVEN CLASSES HAVE CHOSEN TO JOIN TEXAS A&M’S PERMANENT FACULTY

Department of

Materials

Science

and Engineering

(MSEN) with Needleman as its most distinguished faculty member. He was soon joined by new hires of top professors, including George Pharr, another noted researcher and member of the National Academy of Engineering. Renowned scientist and engineer

Edwin “Ned” Thomas later joined the faculty of that department after initially being attracted to the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study while at Rice University. These three highly accomplished individuals were hired into either a Chancellor’s Research Initiative (CRI) position or a Governor’s University Research Initiative (GURI) position. Each CRI and GURI position came with two additional faculty positions and startup funds of about $5 million. These three National Academy of Engineering hires were instrumental in advancing the new MSEN department from startup to national and international prominence.

the late CHRISTODOULOS FLOUDAS Princeton University College of Engineering, Energy Institute

LEIF ANDERSSON Uppsala University, Sweden School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences

LUIZ DAVIDOVICH Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering

JAMES E. HUBBARD JR. University of Maryland College of Engineering

ROBERT KENNICUTT JR. University of Cambridge, England College of Arts & Sciences

WILLIAM G. UNRUH University of British Columbia, Canada Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering

WILLIAM M. SAGE

University of Texas at Austin School of Law

the late KARL HEDRICK University of California, Berkeley College of Engineering

ROBERT SKELTON University of California, San Diego College of Engineering

the late HAROLD ADAMS RKTL International College of Architecture

ROGER HOWE Yale University School of Education and Human Development

EDWIN “NED” L. THOMAS Rice University College of Engineering

ALAN NEEDLEMAN University of North Texas College of Engineering

HAGLER FELLOWS’ MEMBERSHIP AND ACCOLADES WHEN INDUCTED INTO THE HAGLER INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY

NOBEL PRIZE

NATIONAL MEDAL OF SCIENCE

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICINE

INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIES

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING

NATIONAL HUMANITIES MEDAL

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

ACADEMY AWARD

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF EDUCATION

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURE

WOLF PRIZE

NATIONAL MEDAL OF TECHNOLOGY

ARTS AND SCIENCES

AMERICAN ACADEMY OF

STATE PRIZE OF RUSSIA

IN LITERARY SCHOLARSHIP

HUBBELL MEDAL

RECRUITMENT

During its first 11 years, the Hagler Institute has brought 102 Hagler Fellows to Texas A&M University.

In year 2022, President M. Katherine Banks reorganized academics at Texas A&M University in harmony with recommendations from a study of other major universities. The term “college” is reserved for the College of Engineering, the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and the new College of Arts and Sciences, which encompasses what was formerly the colleges of liberal arts, geosciences, and science.

These colleges are the three largest academic units.

The other fields are encompassed in “Schools”, which applies to architecture, the Bush School, business, education, marine sciences (Galveston), medicine, law, public health, veterinary medicine, and the new School of Performance, Visualization & Fine Arts.

In response to the reorganization, the Hagler Institute revised its procedures. All colleges and schools can now submit to the Hagler

Institute five and one-half nominations, plus one additional nomination for every college chair solely devoted to supporting Hagler Fellows. The partial nominations are for colleges or schools that divide their costs of a fellow, who receives a joint appointment in two academic units.

The Hagler Institute has also changed the nomination and recruiting schedules to enable earlier contact with prospective Hagler Fellows. Our nomination period will now open in April and conclude in August, allowing the deans and faculty more time to assess whom to nominate.

The Hagler Institute’s Faculty Advisory Board will now complete its evaluations of nominees by early December. This new schedule allows the Hagler Institute to make its first recruiting calls in December and January, three months earlier than before. This earlier contact period could improve the acceptance rate of those top scholars who are prospective fellows.

Figure 1 shows the number of nominations, the number of nominees approved for recruiting as fellows, and the number of fellows recruited by each academic unit during the institute’s first eleven years. This list shows the academic divisions prior to the reorganization of 2022. During the first 11 years, as is the case going forward, all colleges had equal opportunity to nominate. The Colleges of Science and Engineering took full advantage of their opportunities to nominate. In prior editions of Cornerstone, the number of nominees from each college was adjusted for faculty size, and years eligible to nominate. These results were normalized to an

average of 100. Despite the relatively large numbers of nominees from engineering, the College of Engineering was below average in participation due to its large faculty size. Architecture, Law, Science, and Veterinary Medicine participated above average when nominations are adjusted for key parameters.

Figure 2 reflects the new organization of academic units and shows the number of nominations each submitted for the 2023-2024 cohort of fellows of the Hagler Institute. The Hagler Institute will announce in September 2023 the fellows that are recruited from these nominees.

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND LIFE SCIENCES

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING MEDICINE

BUSH SCHOOL OF GOVERNMENT AND PUBLIC SERVICE

MAYS BUSINESS SCHOOL

SCHOOL OF EDUCATION AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY AT GALVESTON

SCHOOL OF MEDICINE

INSTITUTE FOR QUANTUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

SCHOOL OF LAW

SCHOOL OF PERFORMANCE, VISUALIZATION, & FINE ARTS

SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH

SCHOOL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE & BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Figure 2: Number of Nominations for 2023-2024, The New Academic Structure

Figure 1: Number of Nominations and Fellows for the First Eleven Years, FY13-FY23

HOW FELLOWS ARE SELECTED

Texas A&M faculty members nominate candidates to be named as Hagler Fellows. The institute often motivates professors to ask, Who is the most important scholar in my field I might nominate as a fellow?

The fields, specialties, and all other aspects of the resulting annual cohort of fellows ultimately depend on faculty members’ desires and each college or school’s emphasis on enhancing its excellence through the Hagler Institute. The first 11 classes included fellows from 12 other countries. To promote collaboration, the institute requests that each Hagler Fellow be in residence from three months to one year, and it offers flexibility in scheduling those visits. Over the last two years, the average fellow was in residence for more than six months over a three-year period.

The institute chooses fellows through a rigorous evaluation process, by:

• Providing five nomination slots per college and school, one nomination slot shared by colleges and schools

• Providing one nomination slot for each Hagler Institute College Chair

• Providing one nomination slot per select institutes

• Inviting all faculty members to confidentially nominate scholars they would like to work with, who meet the institute’s standards, and who are approved for recruiting by the college or school’s dean

• Considering for Hagler Fellow appointments only scholars or leaders who have made outstanding achievements in their field, have earned top professional awards, are active, and have a record as an excellent mentor

• Relying on a revolving panel of multidisciplinary university distinguished professors to evaluate and decide which confidential nominees will be recruited as fellows

Once a fellow is recruited, the Hagler Institute pays 70 percent of that fellow’s salary and provides two fellowships for graduate students to work with each fellow.

“Now in its second decade, the Hagler Institute continues to bring nationally and internationally prominent scholars to our university. Hagler Fellows enrich and foster collaboration with our outstanding faculty and students to pursue groundbreaking research.”

Jack G. Baldauf Vice President for Research Texas A&M University

HAGLER FELLOWS AND STUDENT INSPIRATION

A Graduate Student’s Work Gets Media Notoriety

It is not every day that a student gets to work with an excellent medical researcher. However, for a year, it was every day for Tasmiah Nuzhath, a recipient of a HEEP graduate student fellowship from the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study to work with Dr. Peter Hotez, MD, PhD. Dr. Hotez became a fellow of the Hagler Institute in academic year 2019-2020. He is an internationally recognized physician-scientist working on vaccine development and on curing neglected tropical diseases. Dr. Hotez is a member of the National Academy of Medicine, a foreign member of the Belgian Royal Academy of Medicine, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He has received many honors and awards, and in 2017 FORTUNE magazine named him as one of 34 leaders who is changing health care.

The collaboration between Ms. Nuzhath and Dr. Hotez has been a productive one. They conducted a study that was published in a prestigious peer-review journal, which also attracted the attention of the media.

Tasmiah Nuzhath, who served as a student host in the 2022 Hagler Institute gala, enjoyed that media coverage in a September 8, 2022, article in the Houston Chronicle, titled “As Texas kids return to school, routine vaccination rates still haven’t recovered from the pandemic.” Written

by Evan MacDonald, Staff Writer, the article points out that, due to the decline in vaccine rates during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns, health providers are now concerned about higher risk for outbreaks of diseases like measles.

The Houston Chronicle article utilized a research report for which Ms. Nuzhath was lead author: “Childhood immunization during the COVID- 19 pandemic in Texas” published in the June 2021 edition of the journal Vaccine. Ms. Nuzhath is a PhD student in the School of Public Health at Texas A&M University. She conducted the research with Dr. Hotez, and benefited from the contributions of other co-authors on the paper, four Texas A&M professors in the School of Public Health, Qiping Fan, Brian Colwell, Timothy Callaghan and Annette Regan, as well as Kobi Ajayi from A&M’s Laboratory for Community Health Evaluation and Systems Science and Department of Health and Kinesiology.

Dr. Hotez chose to serve his time in the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study over a five-year period, during which he collaborates with faculty and students in A&M’s School of Public Health and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. Dr. Hotez, holds the Endowed Chair of Tropical Pediatrics at Texas Children’s Hospital, where he is co-director of the Center for Vaccine Development. He is also a university professor in the departments of pediatrics, molecular virology & microbiology at Baylor College of Medicine.

Collaboration with Fellow Opens Doors for Student’s Career

Dominik Doktor, a PhD student in applied physics, received a HEEP fellowship from the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study to pursue analyses with 20212022 Hagler Fellow, Dr. Nikolay Zheludev. Mr. Doktor is interested in several areas, including nonlinear optics and spectroscopy, which have applications in biomedical engineering and potentially in early diagnoses of disease. Mr. Doktor’s one-year fellowship ended in August 2022, and Mr. Doktor provided the following information to the Hagler Institute as part of a larger report.

“Additionally, I have gained interest in metamaterials; materials that are comprised of small building blocks and can be custom-tailored to achieve specific functions. Their applications for increasing solar cell efficiencies due to their near perfect absorption properties is of very high interest to me, and I foresee myself heading further in that direction with Dr. Nikolay I. Zheludev. In light of this, I have done research on wireless power beaming using a laser power converter and have published a conference proceeding at the Wireless in Space and Extreme Environments 2021 conference on the topic. Being a part of the HEEP fellowship has opened many doors for my career. I have been privileged to work closer with the Department of Defense through the National Security Innovation Network, whereby my participation in a hackathon led to winning a prize of $15,000 for my efforts in wireless power beaming. Additionally, I was able to secure the Department of Defense prestigious SMART Scholarship and have been accepted as a SMART fellow at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, at Crane, Indiana. Thanks to the HEEP fellowship I have a clear path in my career as a scientist at one of our Naval laboratories support National

Defense efforts and seeing how technology can improve the everyday life of our society.

The HEEP fellowship award has allowed me to work freely on research and concentrate my efforts in becoming a better physicist. The ability to connect with Dr. Nikolay I. Zheludev has been an absolute privilege and one that I will cherish for years to come. Looking forward to all the great work and research that will come out of this collaboration!”

Dr. Zheludev is professor and deputy director of the Zepler Institute, University of Southampton, United Kingdom and is co-director of the Photonics Institute at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. He is an international member of the US National Academy of Engineering, a fellow of the European Physical Society, the Optical Society, the Institute of Physics, The American Physical Society and the Royal Society. Dr. Zheludev is a founding member of the interlinked fields of metamaterials and nanophotonics. He has received many awards, the latest one in October 2022. The Institute of Physics announced that it had chosen Nikolay Zheludev to receive the 2022 Michael Faraday Medal and Prize. Dr. Zheludev, the presenters describe, is a “… pioneer and founding member of the discipline of nanophotonics. His experimental observations and in-depth studies of new phenomena and functionalities in nanostructured matter are characterized by an exceptional degree of novelty, breadth and impact; some of them have already become classic results laying the foundations for nanotechnology enabled photonic functionalities.”

At Texas A&M University, Dr. Zheludev collaborates with faculty and students in the College of Arts and Sciences, the College of Engineering, and Texas A&M AgriLife Research.

SECTION THREE

PETER HOTEZ

Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development

National School of Tropical Medicine

Baylor College of Medicine

School of Public Health

College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences

Texas A&M University

Senior Fellow

Scowcroft Institute of International Affairs

Bush School of Government & Public Service

Texas A&M University

HAGLER FELLOW, CLASS OF 2019-20

VACCINES IN A TIME OF WAR, POLITICAL INSTABILITY, URBANIZATION, DEFORESTATION, AND CLIMATE CHANGE: A “ONE HEALTH” APPROACH

ocial determinants such as poverty, political instability, urbanization, and human migrations, together with climate change, are accelerating the rise of catastrophic infections.

New vaccines together with a more holistic “One Health” approach will be required to combat these emerging diseases. Texas A&M University has a big role to play.

The COVID-19 pandemic exposed profound weaknesses in our global infectious disease and vaccine infrastructures and in our ability to detect and prevent emerging infection threats. An estimated 20 million people may have lost their lives from COVID-19, with the highest death toll among unvaccinated populations in India. Now, more than two years into the pandemic, the COVID-19 immunization rates in African and other low- and middle-income countries remain extremely low, often below 20 percent of the population. However, even in the United States, with the world’s greatest access to COVID-19 immunizations, many people needlessly lost their lives to COVID-19 because they refused to receive a vaccine. During this time of COVID-19, antivaccine forces became better organized, funded, and enmeshed in U.S. politics. Antivaccine activists waged a

disinformation campaign of unprecedented size and scope. Beyond the excess mortality and unnecessary deaths caused by failed vaccine access, delivery, and uptake is the reality that we still do not understand the forces that drove the emergence of the COVID-19 virus in China before it spread globally. Although we know coronaviruses exist naturally in bats across East Asia and can spill over to other mammals just as they did when the initial severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus emerged in southern China in 2002, we still do not truly understand at a granular level how COVID-19 arose.

These deficiencies in our global COVID-19 response are more than abstract concerns. Ultimately, the world paid for them through horrific losses in human life and destabilization of the global economy and security. Moreover, we are still not done with it. COVID-19 continues to surge in the United States and globally, and even once it subsides we should expect that the millions of people suffering the consequences of long COVID will tax our already depleted health systems for years to come, possible decades. This is in addition to the continued sufferings and deprivations of many children, adolescents, and young adults who lost their parents or caregivers during the pandemic.

We also must recognize how we face additional and serious infectious disease threats beyond COVID-19. Monkeypox, thought previously to occur only on the African

continent, suddenly emerged in more than a dozen European and North American countries in 2022, as did significant numbers of cases of severe pediatric hepatitis thought possibly due to an adenovirus. Moreover, those infections emerged on a landscape of high-prevalence global infections such as HIV/ AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, and debilitating parasitic and related infections collectively known as the neglected tropical diseases.

ONE HEALTH AND THE ANTHROPOCENE EPOCH

To make sense of these wide-ranging and emerging infectious disease phenomena, a useful framework is the One Health approach. That term has many definitions, but most invoke exploring public health beyond the typical human disease model, recognizing how animals and environmental factors such as climate change, biodiversity, and agricultural practices influence the propagation of illness, especially infections. One Health is central to understanding the emergence of the COVID-19 and Ebola viruses in bats before their spillover to humans, or many parasitic infections such as Asian schistosomiasis from water buffalo, or toxocariasis and toxoplasmosis from cats.

In my 2021 book, Preventing the Next Pandemic: Vaccine Diplomacy in a Time of Anti-Science (Johns Hopkins University Press), I explore One Health even more broadly around the concept of the Anthropocene and with it new social determinants or accelerants of disease such as poverty, urbanization, and conflict or political collapse (Fig. 1).

In a nutshell, the Anthropocene is a new (although still controversial framing) of how humans have altered our planet. If we examine the big geological epochs, the Holocene is our most recent, beginning at the close of the ice age more than 10,000 years ago and coinciding with the evolution of modern human civilization. Proponents of the concept of the Anthropocene argue how the Holocene is giving way to something new from accelerated human activity. Humans have produced dramatic environmental shifts in recent centuries through the rise and spread of agriculture and with it deforestation, urbanization, concentrated population growth, conflict, poverty, and other social factors. In so doing, we may have generated our own new geological epoch. Beyond climate change, with elevations in carbon dioxide and methane linked to rising temperatures are the human-induced geochemical signatures of the Anthropocene that include a rise in soil elements such as phosphorous and nitrogen from fertilizer use, lead from firearms, and new radionuclides from atomic and hydrogen bomb testing, just to name some. Those changes also coincide with significant losses or extinctions in animal and plant species. The constellation of Anthropocene changes also now generates or accelerates catastrophic infectious and tropical diseases.

Fig 1. The major forces arising out of the Anthropocene now promoting the emergence of catastrophic illness.

Top: Geological epochs over the last 5 million years.

Bottom: The specific forces of the Anthropocene.

Poverty

Deforestation

IN ORDER TO MAKE SENSE OF THESE WIDE-RANGING AND EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASE PHENOMENA, A USEFUL FRAMEWORK IS THE ONE HEALTH APPROACH.

FROM THE MIDDLE EAST TO VENEZUELA TO TEXAS

Examples of Anthropoceneassociated changes were evident before the COVID-19 pandemic. On the Arabian Peninsula, the ISIS occupations in Syria and Iraq beginning in 2014, together with civil conflicts in Syria and Yemen, interrupted childhood vaccinations and insect control programs. The former led to the return of child illnesses such as measles and even polio, whereas halting insecticidal measures fueled the return of a disfiguring neglected tropical disease of the skin known as leishmaniasis, which the locals referred to as the “Aleppo evil.” However, other factors entered into that mix, including unprecedented high temperatures and drought that disrupted agriculture in the region and stimulated human urban migrations into Aleppo and elsewhere. That also added instability to the region, as well as urban epidemics.

Venezuela represents another area where the Anthropocene forces of political instability, climate change, and human migrations promoted

the rise of infectious and tropical diseases. The socioeconomic collapse of the Maduro regime in Venezuela halted vaccination campaigns, leading to the return of measles. As people and groups fled the country across the border into the Brazilian rainforest, they came into contact with indigenous groups such as the Yanomami to cause devastating measles epidemics among that population. Possibly, the same was true for the Wayuu indigenous people in the La Guajira, near Colombia’s border with Venezuela. Also the economic downturns in Venezuela forced many people to seek employment in the gold mining industry in Venezuela, causing them to sleep without bed nets and exposed to malaria-carrying mosquitoes. The rate of insecttransmitted infections such as malaria, dengue, and Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, rose significantly.

More subtle examples can be found in our state of Texas (Fig. 2). An estimated 5 million Texans live in poverty, a major driver of infection because of

lack of adequate housing and sanitation, especially along the border with Mexico, as well as in our large urban areas. Texas hosts some of the fastest-growing cities nationally, and that rapid population growth sometimes outstrips urban infrastructures needed to maintain healthy communities. Texas and adjoining Gulf Coast regions also are affected by climate change–induced warming temperatures and altered rainfall patterns that promote mosquito habitats, giving rise to dengue and Zika virus infections in Southeast Texas and West Nile virus infections across the state. Others point out how impoverished communities are disproportionately located in climate-vulnerable areas where catastrophic weather events are more common. Texas is now the epicenter for tropical infections in the United States, a major consideration when we decided to establish our National School of Tropical Medicine at the Texas Medical Center in Houston. The tropical infections include the mosquito-transmitted viruses just mentioned as well as parasitic

Fig 2. Approximate geographic distribution of the major Texas neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). The major diseases include the vector-borne NTDs (blue) located in South Texas, Gulf Coastal Texas, North Central Texas, the Panhandle, and West Texas, as well as non–vector-borne NTDs (green) that concentrate in the three urban areas that constitute the “Texas triangle” of Dallas, Houston, and San Antonio. NCC, neurocysticercosis; WNV, West Nile virus.

infections such as Chagas disease, toxocariasis, and a bacterial infection known as murine typhus. Still another factor is the observation that Texas has become a major center for antivaccine activism with the formation of an antivaccine political action committee to drive down childhood immunization rates. Texas is arguably the birthplace of the politically motivated yet self-defeating health freedom movement that caused so many to lose their lives from COVID-19 vaccine refusal and defiance.

Similar forces of urbanization and human encroachment on animal habitats probably promoted the emergence of both SARS and COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in China, while antivaccine activism slowed or halted COVID-19 acceptance in the United States and later Canada, Western Europe, and possibly even in low- and middleincome countries. COVID-19 was not so much an extraordinary even as it was more of a capstone on top of rising disease seen in the Middle East, Central South America, and even places such as Texas as a result of similar social and physical determinants.

Similar forces of urbanization and human encroachment on animal habitats probably promoted the emergence of both SARS and COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in China, while antivaccine activism slowed or halted COVID-19 acceptance in the United States and later Canada, Western Europe, and possibly even in low- and middleincome countries. COVID-19 was not so much an extraordinary event as it was more of a capstone on top of rising disease seen in the Middle East, Central South America, and even places such as Texas as a result of similar social and physical determinants.

We should expect that COVID-19 won’t be the last coronavirus with pandemic potential, and as I often point out in my radio, podcast, and TV interviews, we should anticipate COVID-26 or COVID-32 as possible examples of things to come. Moreover, not every illness arising in the Anthropocene era has to be as dramatic as COVID-19 or monkeypox. Fig. 3 shows a map of a parasitic worm infection transmitted to humans from dogs and cats, known as toxocariasis. The disease is especially common in

low-income neighborhoods where dogs and cats are not routinely dewormed and where kids come into contact with soil or playground sandboxes contaminated with dog and cat waste. Such children can experience asthma, epilepsy, or developmental delays. Scientists at our National School of Tropical Medicine have found high rates of toxocariasis in both urban and rural areas of the United States because they have many of the neglected tropical diseases listed above.

VACCINES AND VACCINE DIPLOMACY

Vaccines are not the only solution for countering catastrophic infections, but they represent the most effective and outcome-changing disease-fighting technologies. In our recent human history we have depended on human ingenuity to shape new vaccines to immunize our way out of COVID-19, Ebola, polio, pertussis, and smallpox. In 2020, our Texas Children’s Hospital Center vaccine center developed and tested a new recombinant protein vaccine for COVID-19 that was licensed patent-free to vaccine producers in India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, and Botswana. In India, a major vaccine

Fig. 3. Global Toxocara Seroprevalence.

manufacturer, Biological E, scaled up production of that vaccine, known as Corbevax, which has now gone into the arms of more than 74 million school-aged children. The partnership between a Texas academic research institution and a local vaccine producer in a nation such as India is proof of concept that new vaccines can be developed and deployed without relying on multinational pharmaceutical companies. On that basis, our vaccine group has been advocating for reducing our reliance on the such companies as a means to promote vaccine equity. Doing so might help us avoid future inequalities during pandemics.

Corbevax further represents a new U.S.–India victory in vaccine diplomacy between nations. The concept of vaccine diplomacy arose during the Cold War in the 1950s, when the United States and Soviet Union first collaborated to develop and test the oral polio vaccine now resulting in global eradication of that disease. However, we need other vaccine diplomacy victories, and in my role as U.S. Science Envoy for the State Department and for the White House under President Obama, I worked to build joint vaccine collaborations with Middle East and North Africa research institutions during a period of great geopolitical strife in 2015–16. We are now doing something similar through Corbevax with India and other countries. However, continued success on that front will require even more collaborations.

We need to expand our scientific collaborations with chemical and biomedical engineers to create new vaccine technologies while doing the same with the veterinary scientists because veterinary vaccines have great potential to halt the transmission of zoonotic diseases from animals to humans. One day we might develop suitable vaccines for bats to stop the spread of coronaviruses, Ebola virus, or Nipah virus to other animals or humans, or vaccines to arrest the spread of avian influenza. Still another critical aspect is to combat the spread of antivaccine activism and disinformation. This also represents a new frontier in vaccine science. Ultimately, combating antivaccine or antiscience aggression might save almost as many lives as developing new vaccines.

A NEW ROLE FOR TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY?

Among the blessings of Texas A&M University are not only schools of human health sciences and public health but also great colleges of engineering and veterinary medicine and biomedical sciences to build the next generation One Health or Anthropocene vaccines. Meanwhile, we have learned how social determinants drive disease, and we need our experts in politics, urbanization, poverty, communications, and the medical humanities to become engaged in that dialog. Those experts also can help us combat dangerous (and now deadly) antivaccine and antiscience activism. We need the Texas A&M College of Arts and Sciences to explain how climate change contributes to rising disease patterns. In that sense, Texas A&M University is uniquely positioned to address the challenges of the Anthropocene and its illnesses. Texas A&M University already is a national treasure, but now it is poised to become a vital link in stopping the public health, economic, and geopolitical devastation caused by current and future pandemic threats.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Hotez PJ. Preventing the Next Pandemic: Vaccine Diplomacy in a Time of Anti-Science, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2021.

Hotez P. Communicating science and protecting scientists in a time of political instability. Trends Mol. Med. 2022 Mar;28(3):173–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. molmed.2022.01.001. Epub 2022 Jan 18. PMID: 35063364; PMCID: PMC8764593.

Hotez PJ, Bottazzi ME. Whole Inactivated Virus and Protein-Based COVID-19 Vaccines. Annu. Rev. Med. 2022 Jan 27;73:55–64. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurevmed-042420-113212. Epub 2021 Oct 12. PMID: 34637324.

Hotez PJ, Narayan KMV. Restoring Vaccine Diplomacy. JAMA 2021 Jun 15;325(23):2337–2338. https://doi. org/10.1001/jama.2021.7439. PMID: 34047758.

Hotez PJ, Nuzhath T, Colwell B. Combating vaccine hesitancy and other 21st century social determinants in the global fight against measles. Curr. Opin. Virol. 2020 Apr;41:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2020.01.001. Epub 2020 Feb 26. PMID: 32113136.

Hotez PJ. Neglected Tropical Diseases in the Anthropocene: The Cases of Zika, Ebola, and Other Infections. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2016;10(4):e0004648. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004648.

Hotez PJ. The rise of neglected tropical diseases in the “new Texas.” PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2018;12(1):e0005581. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005581.

Barry MA, Versteeg L, Wang Q, Pollet J, Zhan B, Gusovsky F, Bottazzi ME, Hotez PJ, Jones KM. A therapeutic vaccine prototype induces protective immunity and reduces cardiac fibrosis in a mouse model of chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2019 May 30;13(5):e0007413. https:// doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007413. PMID: 31145733; PMCID: PMC6542517.

Nuzhath T, Ajayi KV, Fan Q, Hotez P, Colwell B, Callaghan T, Regan AK. Childhood immunization during the COVID-19 pandemic in Texas. Vaccine 2021 Jun 8;39(25):3333–3337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. vaccine.2021.04.050. Epub 2021 Apr 27. PMID: 34020814; PMCID: PMC8078904.

Rostami A, Riahi SM, Holland CV, Taghipour A, KhaliliFomeshi M, Fakhri Y, Omrani VF, Hotez PJ, Gasser RB. Seroprevalence estimates for toxocariasis in people worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2019 Dec 19;13(12):e0007809. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007809. PMID: 31856156; PMCID: PMC6922318.

COLLABORATORS

Brian Colwell, PhD, MS

Director of Program on Global Health Research and Professor, Texas A&M School of Public Health

Rebecca Fischer, PhD, MPH, DTMH

Assistant Professor, Texas A&M School of Public Health

Tasmiah Nuzhath, DrPH Candidate Texas A&M School of Public Health

Gerald W. Parker Jr., DVM, PhD

Associate Dean, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences

Allison Rice-Ficht PhD

Regent Professor

Senior Associate Dean for Research, Medicine

Director of the Center for Microencapsulation and Drug Delivery

Ramesh Vemulapalli PhD, MVSc

Professor and Head, Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences

HENRY ROUSSO

Directeur de Recherche Émérite

French National Centre for Scientific Research

Paris, France

THE FRENCH MUSEUM AND MEMORIAL OF TERRORISM: EXPOSING TERROR, PAYING TRIBUTE TO VICTIMS

THE MUSEUM AND MEMORIAL OF TERRORISM COVERS ALL THE ACTS OF TERRORISM THAT HAVE STRUCK FRANCE IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT OVER THE PAST FIFTY YEARS.

On September 19, 2018, a few years after the Islamist attacks perpetrated in Toulouse and Montauban (2012), Paris (2015), and Nice (2016), French President Emmanuel Macron announced the creation of a Museum and Memorial of Terrorism (MMT), responding to a wish of the victims. In February 2019, he appointed me to head a project to design this future place of memory and history. In March 2020, a first draft was submitted to the government. On March 11, 2022, during the meeting of the heads of state or government of the European

Union, at Versailles Castle, a first Cultural and Scientific Program was presented. That program defines the parameters of the future museum, as is the custom for most French museums. Construction is scheduled to begin in Spring 2023.

Macron’s announcement caused little controversy. That is noteworthy because the issue of terrorism, its causes, its effects, the reactions it provokes, and how to deal with it are usually the subject of heated discussions. However, despite a polarized political and social context, the news raised few negative reactions. France pays a great deal of attention to the issue of memory and the need to preserve public and visible traces of the past. For example, no fewer than fifteen annual

© GIP-MMT/ Rachid Azizi

national days commemorate historical events. Those commemorations are relatively recent, with almost all having been created since the beginning of the 1990s. That’s when France—like other countries, including the United States—began to give greater prominence to the memory of the victims of major disasters, in particular the Holocaust. These recent commemorations are exclusively dedicated to the memory of violent episodes: World War I, World War II, and the wars of decolonization, genocide, slavery, or even terrorism, which has been the subject of a specific day since 2019. The commemorations are part of a broader system of public policies of recognition and reparation for these events’ victims or their descendants.

The creation of the MMT was decided in this context. The idea of such a place is all but new, but the French project has its own particularities. For instance, the United States has many memorials dedicated to victims of terrorist attacks as well as three major memorial museums dedicated to acts of terrorism. The museums are not only sites of remembrance and commemoration, built on the very sites of the events, but also access points to promote a better understanding of these events:

• The Oklahoma City National Memorial and Museum, the first of its kind, inaugurated in February 2001, and recalling the 1995 supremacist attack on a federal building that killed 168 people and injured nearly 850.

• The National September 11 Memorial and Museum, in New York, on the 2001 Islamist attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people, whose memorial opened in 2011 and museum in 2014.

• The 9/11 Tribute Museum, also in New York, designed by victims’ associations in 2006, but recently closed.

Countless memorials around the world are dedicated to the victims of terrorism because the phenomenon has spared no country. However, fewer than a dozen in total have taken as their main topic an act of terrorism or terrorism in general. To the three U.S. memorial museums, one can add:

• The Museo per la Memoria di Ustica, near Bologna (Italy), commemorates and exhibits traces of an unsolved attack on the Bologna–Palermo flight on June 27, 1980, that killed 81 people, opened in 2007.

The 22 Juli-Senteret (Center) in Oslo (Norway) as well as the various memorials and exhibition spaces erected on the island of Utøya, in honor of the victims of the far-right attack of July 22, 2011, which killed 77 people and injured at least 172, opened in 2015.

Oklahoma City National Memorial and Museum © Kit Leong / Shutterstock.com

National September 11 Memorial and Museum © Francois Roux / Shutterstock.com

Museo per la Memoria di Ustica © Palickap, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

The Lugar de la Memoria, la Tolerancia y la Inclusión Social, in Lima, Peru, inaugurated in December 2015, commemorating the victims and displaying the history of the guerrilla war between the government and the far-left Shining Path group.

The Centro Memorial de las Víctimas del Terrorismo, in VitoriaGasteiz, capital of the Spanish Basque Country, dedicated to all victims of terrorism in Spain, especially of Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) or affecting Spaniards, more than 850 dead and nearly 5,000 wounded, opened in 2021.

• The French MMT, scheduled to open in Suresnes, near Paris, in 2027, will consider the more than 4,300 attacks of all origins that have taken place in France since the early 1970s. Those terrorist acts killed nearly 450 people of all nationalities and caused several thousand physical and psychological injuries. The MMT also will consider the memory of more than 300 French citizens who died in attacks abroad.

In comparison with other museums, the French project has several ambitions. It addresses terrorism in general, as a process, by evoking not only the attacks, criminal organizations, and victims but also the immediate or long-term reactions—whether political, military, judiciary or cultural—because terrorism affects all components of a society. The MTT addresses all forms of terrorism as well because France has been affected by acts with ideological (extreme left or extreme right), irredentist (for example, in Corsica), or religious (mainly radical Islam) motivations. Finally, the French museum deals both with the situation in France, essentially since the end of the 1960s, and with what has happened in recent decades on a global scale.

Such a project, which aims to create a new museum of history and society relatively soon, has raised many pitfalls. I will leave aside here the purely financial and administrative issues, except to point out that this is a project entirely supported by the state and financed almost entirely by public funds, which is common in France. That does not mean that the government intervenes in the museum’s content but rather that the project has a national or even universal dimension because most of the museums mentioned above are involved. The team I have set up works with a Scientific and Cultural Council, composed of experts and researchers, and with an advisory committee (Observatoire d’orientation) that includes all the French associations of victims of terrorism, local and religious representatives, and heads of other museums of terrorism in the world.

Centro Memorial de las Víctimas del Terrorismo Wikimedia Commons

The main issue that arose was that a museum must present collections, authentic objects of various kinds with an aesthetic, scientific, or historical value. At least, that is a relatively traditional conception of the museum, especially in France, where often the collection precedes the place that will house it. For the MMT, we did the opposite. We considered that a memorial commemorating the victims of terrorism, the main motivation, would not adequately explain a complex phenomenon that affects everyone while remaining poorly known. It also was necessary to build at the same place a great museum of history and society, modeled after U.S. museums and memorials, but emphasizing the specificities of the French case in a global context.

To be credible as a museum, we had to find original collections. Unlike other countries, France has had many trials for terrorist attacks, especially in recent years. Thus, we came up with the idea of collecting judicial evidence used in trials for cases that have been definitively closed. That evidence includes weapons, telephones, typewriters or computers, propaganda leaflets, images posted on social media networks, and interrogation recordings. The January 2015 Islamist attacks in Paris against the newspaper Charlie-Hebdo, a kosher supermarket, and police officers left 17 dead and more than 11 injured. The trial was held in 2020 and strongly affected public

opinion. The November 13, 2015, attacks in Paris as well as against the concert hall of the Bataclan, the Stade de France, and several cafés in the capital killed 131 people and injured more than 500. That trial ended in June 2022 after almost a year of hearings—one of the largest trials ever held in France, with 2,500 civil parties. Similarly, the trial for the Nice attack of July 14, 2016, which killed 86 people and injured more than 450, lasted from September to December 2022.

However, collecting that judicial evidence has raised unprecedented problems. This is the first time that a museum in France has used so many objects initially intended for justice but that will become, once collected by the MMT, elements of national heritage—a totally different status. No legal text has provided for such a transformation. The MMT therefore had to think about the possibility of changing existing laws regarding those items.

The MMT also collects objects that belonged to victims, testimonies, archival images, photos, and works of art. For example, the MMT has acquired a collection of posters from the Bataclan, dating from the 1970s, which have been transformed into original artworks by about 100 artists in reference to the attack of November 13, 2015.

Those collections should be used also for scientific research. The MMT plans to be a crossroads for all disciplines that work on terrorism,

its causes, and consequences, or on the trauma caused to victims: history, sociology, political science, anthropology, psychology, or neurosciences.

Finally, the project was lucky to have an exceptional site located on Mont-Valérien, a hill west of Paris, near the Bois de Boulogne. It is a former open-air school, built in the 1930s by two famous French architects, Eugène Baudouin and Marcel Lods, for young children in poor health. That building, now a historical monument, will be rehabilitated to house the future MMT. It is located a quarter mile from the Mémorial de la France combattante, the most famous site of memory dedicated to the French Resistance of World War II, and a quarter mile from the Suresnes American Cemetery, which houses the graves of soldiers who fell in France during both world wars. No better symbol could place the Museum and Memorial of Terrorism in a historical context.

Much more information on the project is available on our website: https://musee-memorial-terrorisme. fr/en.

Garbage

This garbage was found near Paris during the investigation after an attack on September 6, 1986, at the Paris City Hall, by a commando of the Hezbollah, the Lebanese movement supported by the Islamic Republic of Iran. It is one of the fourteen attacks perpetrated by this movement in France, primarily in Paris, from December 1985 to September 1986, in retaliation for France’s support of Iraq. The garbage was supposed to carry a bomb.

Cockpit piece

This is an item among many other traces found in the Ténéré desert, in South Central Sahara, after the attack of the UTA BrazzavilleParis flight, on September 19, 1989, which exploded killing 170 people, including 54 French citizen. The attack was perpetrated by Libyan authorities, possibly in retaliation of the role of France, which prevents (with the United States), the invasion of Chad a few months before. All the traces have been collected by Guillaume Denoix de Saint Marc, son of a victim, who gave them recently to the Museum and Memorial.

Map of the Paris Subway

This map shows the schedule of the 25 July 1995 attack on the RER, the express subway of Paris. It was perpetrated by the Armed Islamic Group (GIA), which committed a series of attacks in 1994 and 1995, in France, in the context of the Algerian civil war, known as the “Black Decade”. It killed 8 people and injured more than117.

Gun

This semi-automatic Beretta was used by a commando of the FNLC, a terrorist group claiming the independence of Corsica, to kill the Prefect – the representative of the State in French regions – Claude Érignac, on February 6, 1998, in Ajaccio. The gun belonged to the gendarmerie.

Merah’s books

Books found at Mohamed Merah’s home, a French terrorist affiliated to Al-Qaeda, who perpetrated a series of massacres in March 11-19, 2012, in Montauban and Toulouse, killing 7 people, including Jewish children, and injured at least 6 people. One book is about light weapons, the other one is a monograph on Al-Qaeda by a famous French historian, and the last one is a biography of a French anarchist.

Posters

After the attack on the Bataclan, on November 13, 2015, Jacques Fivel, a French artist, asked to almost a hundred of other artists to pay a tribute to the victims. He gave to each of them an original poster from the 70’s, edited by the concert hall, and let them transform it. These are two examples.

WILLIAM G. UNRUH

Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering

Texas A&M University

CIfAR Cosmology and Gravity Program

Department of Physics

The University of British Columbia

ANALOGIES, BLACK HOLES, AND FLUID FLOW

In 1972, as a postdoc in London, I was asked to give a colloquium on black holes in the physics department at Oxford. I tried to get across the ideas about some of the essential features of black holes to an audience of physicists that largely had no idea what black holes were. Black holes had been a small sideline of a 57-year-old theory that almost nobody had learned about in their physics careers, namely, Einstein’s theory of gravity, or general relativity. Black holes had been named about five years earlier by my former adviser, John Wheeler. The analogy I came up with was to have the audience imagine sound waves in the presence of a very high waterfall, in which, at some place in the flow, the velocity of water over the falls was faster than the velocity of sound in the water. I had them imagine fish physicists who were studying this phenomenon. If a graduate fish student, swept by the current over the waterfall, yelled for help while outside that transsonic surface, the sound waves would travel out to

the distant professor. If, however, the student shouted after passing that surface, the sound waves would be swept back over the waterfall by the flow faster than they could travel outward, and no sound would reach the professor. And if the student yelled “help” when going through that surface, the yell would be bass-shifted (the frequency would rapidly become lower and lower) because the sound would then take longer and longer to travel away from that surface of the waterfall, since the outward speed of the sound wave would be closer and closer to the velocity of the water dragging it over the waterfall.

That analogy accurately represents the behavior of light near a black hole. The effective outward velocity of the light, as seen from far away, gets smaller and smaller the closer the light is to what is called the event horizon of the black hole. That horizon is the equivalent of the surface in the waterfall where the inward flow speed of the water is equal to the speed of sound. If light is emitted just at the horizon of the black hole, the effective velocity goes to zero, and it

never gets out to a point far away because its effective outward velocity goes to zero. Whereas for sound waves and the waterfall this effect occurs because of the inflow of the water, for black holes it is because of the changing geometry of space and time.

zero). I spent a substantial fraction of my time trying to understand Hawking’s result on a more intuitive level. Where were those thermal particles coming from, and how were they being created? Hawking’s calculations were not of help because they made some highly unphysical assumptions.

An important aspect shared by both black holes and the sonic analogy is that for a fish being swept along with the water, the trip through the horizon would be nothing unusual (Fig. 1). For such a fish, the physics of the surrounding fluid would be the same as anywhere else on its journey. While doing experiments, such an observer would notice nothing that would in any way single out the time at which he went through the horizon. That also is true for an observer falling through the event horizon of a black hole.

In 1974,1 Stephen Hawking made his most famous prediction: black holes were not actually black, but, due to a quantum effect near the horizon, they actually emitted thermal radiation with a temperature proportional to the inverse mass of the black hole (the larger the mass, the lower the temperature, so that for a solar mass black hole, the temperature would be about 10−5 degrees above absolute

While teaching a course on fluid mechanics in 1980 at University of British Columbia, my mind went back to that 1972 colloquium and I decided to do some more detailed calculations. What I discovered was that at low frequencies of sound (frequencies such that the wavelengths of the sound waves were longer than the distance between molecules of the fluid), the equations describing the sound waves were the same as the equations for the matter that Hawking had assumed in his calculations. Thus, one should be able to use his calculations also for sound waves in the presence of such a waterfall where the velocity of the fluid becomes greater than the velocity of sound.2 I called such black hole analogues “dumb holes”, from the meaning of dumb of “being unable to speak.” For some reason that nomenclature has not caught on, perhaps because of other meanings of the word dumb.)

Such dumb holes thus should also have a temperature, proportional to the rate of change of the velocity of fluid at that “sonic horizon.” That analogy’s accuracy not only opened up the possibility of understanding Hawking’s prediction more deeply, but also raised the possibility of doing tabletop experiments in which one could see the thermal effect of such horizons in the lab. The temperatures associated with fluid-flows

FIG. 1: An imaginary experiment carried out by physicist fish in a waterfall that goes supersonic at the red line (the horizon). The green circles are sound waves traveling away from the fish at various times—well outside the horizon, at the horizon, and inside the horizon.

“I SPENT A SUBSTANTIAL FRACTION OF MY TIME TRYING TO UNDERSTAND HAWKING’S RESULT ON A MORE INTUITIVE LEVEL.”

that exceed the velocity of sound in the fluid at some point, are extremely low (certainly much lower than 1 degree above absolute zero). Thus, for an experiment one would need fluids that remained liquid at very low temperatures. Liquid helium (lHe) is one, but the pressures needed to force liquid to go supersonic turned out to be higher than the pressures needed to solidify lHe. That leaves Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs), which are both very cold (the limit achieved in labs is about 10−12 K one millionmillionth of a degree) and are very rarefied gases, in which the velocity of sound is on the order of millimeters per second.

In the 1990s, a variety of physics research groups around the world began to think of ways of testing that prediction for “analog black holes” (I still prefer the more euphonious “dumb holes,” however). A group at UBC,3 led by my postdoc Silke Weinfurtner and me, performed some experiments in a

water flume using surface waves, rather than sound waves, in the water (Fig 2). Although one could not hope to directly see the quantum emission of horizons, one could test that the mathematics of waves near the horizon corresponded to the theoretical models of them. Using surface waves was helpful because the velocity of such waves is on the order of centimeters to meters per second, rather than kilometers per second for sound waves in water. Making a water flow exceed the velocity of those waves is clearly easier than for sound waves.

Between 2015 and now, Jeff Steinhauer, from Technion University in Israel, performed experiments4 using sound waves in a BEC fluid of size about 0.1 mm long and 0.001 mm thick held in place by laser beams. In this “string” of BEC, he created a “waterfall” by using the “optical tweezers” effect (attracting the BEC with an appropriately colored laser light) and looked at the correlation of

water from

right holding tank (6) into

long flume, with an airplane

obstacle (3) that accelerates the water going over it. On the right (4) is a motor dipping a mesh into the water to generate waves going toward the obstacle. This models the time-reverse of a black hole since the surface wave cannot get into the region above the obstacle because of high velocity of the water over the obstacle, which is the time inverse of a black hole, where the waves cannot get out of the black hole. The physics is, however, the same in both cases.

FIG. 2: A sketch of the flume, with a pump (7) to take the

the

the

wing–shaped

© Jeff Steinhauer

different from place to place and from time to time. It could have value 0, or any other value. Due to its quantum nature, when it interacts with other matter, it can behave discretely, as though it were a particle, rather than continuously as one might expect a field to behave. This field type description applies to all types of matter, whether light, or electrons, or protons, or quarks. The particle type nature of matter is an epiphenomenon which manifests itself in interactions.

In quantum field theory, which is what we now believe describes all matter, the particle nature of the fields manifests itself when describing the interactions between the field of interest and other matter. Particles are not fundamental but are instead epiphenomena arising from such interactions.

the density fluctuations in the BEC caused by the sound horizon (Fig 3). Although his results were noisy (gave different values from one attempt to the other), by repeating the experiment thousands of times, he showed that they were consistent both with the horizon having the appropriate temperature, and with the quantum entanglement (quantum correlations) of the sound waves on the two sides of the horizon. This entanglement was a feature that Hawking and I had predicted for black hole as well.

In a paper I published in 1976,5 in which I examined the Hawking effect, I also predicted that an accelerated observer would see the vacuum (apparent nothingness) as hot. Since the 1930s, all matter is described by quantum field theory rather than by particles.

A field is something that has a value at every point in space, which can be

A fundamental aspect of such a quantum field theory is configuration called the vacuum state, often taken to be the state of the field with the lowest possible energy. It is often characterized as the state with no particles of the field present, or a state with zero temperature. Intuitively one regards this state as one in which another object placed in a region where the field was in that state, that object would be unaffected by the field. However, in the 1976 paper I wrote, I showed that that field in its vacuum state could affect the object if the object were accelerated. While the field would not affect an object at rest or in uniform motion, it would effect an accelerated object exactly as if the field was a bath of particles with a temperature proportional to its acceleration. Accelerating an object makes it behave as though the world around it was hot. Because of the small vlaue of Planck’s constant (the constant that sets the scale of quantum effects), one would need an acceleration of 1022 cm/ s2 (1019 times the acceleration of gravity on

FIG. 3: Two figures from Steinhauer’s paper.4 The first is the density–density correlation function. Although very noisy, the diagonal line pointing to the top left (emphasized in green in the diagram) is the anticorrelation of the density of the Bose–Einstein condensate, which one would expect if there was entanglement between the sound waves traveling to left inside the dumb hole, and those traveling to the right outside the dumb hole. The lower graph is a detailed cross section of that correlation, with the dotted line representing the cross section one would expect if the emission were thermal.

FIG. 4: The geometry of the proposed experiment to measure acceleration temperature. The “dinner plate” toward the right is a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) about 0.1 mm wide and 0.001 mm thick. The laser beam comes from the left and is converted to two beams with frequencies straddling a resonance of the BEC atoms. The beam rotator causes the two coincident beams to scan the BEC in a circle, with velocity just under the velocity of sound in the BEC. The interaction of the laser beams with the BEC acts like a microphone, converting the sound waves in the BEC into electromagnetic fluctuations that are detected by the photodiode (PD) on the right.

Earth) to see a 1 K temperature. Although one could cook a steak with enough acceleration, that steak would be rather flattened by the acceleration required.

Can that effect, which I predicted in 1976, be measured in an analog system? A group (Silke Weinfurtner in Nottinghame, Joerg Schmidtmeyer in Vienna, I at UBC and A&M, and our students and post-docs)6 recently proposed an experiment in BECs to measure that acceleration temperature (Fig.4). It turns out to be much harder than measuring the Hawking effect. Using ideas from the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO; on whose quantum properties I worked in the early 1980s) and using a novel interferometer, in which the paths of the photons being interfered lie in frequency space rather than in physical space, to measure the sound waves in a tiny disk of BEC, we have argued that such an experiment is possible. Given the funding, we should be able to funding, we should be able to carry it out in the next few years. This is primarily possible because the velocity of sound waves in a BEC are of the order of 1mm/s rather than the 3 108 m/sec that light travels at.

Analogies allow us to carry out the experimental testing of our theoretical ideas which would be impossible to carry out the real thing (for black holes, or for the accelerations needed for light-like

fields). They also give theoretical insights into the origins of phenomena like the thermal emissions of black holes, or even the origin of the original fluctuations in the early universe which eventually grew to become galaxies and stars and ourselves.

REFERENCES

1 Stephen W. Hawking. “Black hole explosions?” Nature 248 (5443): 30–31 (1974).

2 William G. Unruh. ”Experimental black hole evaporation?” Phys. Rev. Lett. 46 (21): 1351–1353 (1981).

3 Silke Weinfurtner, Edmund W. Tedford, Mathew C.J. Penrice, William G. Unruh, and Gregory A. Lawrence. “Measurement of stimulated Hawking emission in an analogue system.” Phys. Rev. Lett. 106: 021302 (2011).

4 Jeff Steinhauer, “Observation of quantum Hawking radiation and its entanglement in an analogue black hole” Nature Phys. 12, 959 (2016).

5 Jeff Steinhauer, “Observation of quantum Hawking radiation and its entanglement in an analogue black hole” arxiv:1510.00621v1 Fig 3 and 4.

6 Cisco Gooding, Steffen Biermann, Sebastian Erne, Jorma Louko, William G. Unruh, Joerg Schmiedmayer, Silke Weinfurtner. “Interferometric Unruh detectors for Bose– Einstein condensates.” Phys. Rev. Lett. 125: 213603 (2020).

SECTION FOUR

GUY BERTRAND

Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry Director, UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory University of California San Diego

For more than three decades, Guy Bertrand has challenged the common assumptions found in standard chemistry textbooks. In particular, he has sought out stable versions of reactive molecules such as carbenes, nitrenes, diradicals, and bent-allenes. The goal of his research is to tame reactive molecules and transform them into useful tools for synthetic chemists.

Most recently, Bertrand’s laboratory group has demonstrated that stable carbenes and related metal-free species can activate small molecules and stabilize highly reactive intermediates. Next, the group intends to show these materials are also capable of transferring corresponding fragments to substrates.

Bertrand received his doctorate from Université Paul Sabatier in Toulouse, France.

He served as director of research for the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) in 1988-98. In 2001, Bertrand joined the faculty at the University of California, Riverside (UCR), as a distinguished professor and director of the UCR-CNRS Joint

Research Chemistry Laboratory. He moved to the University of California San Diego, in 2012.

Bertrand is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and a member of the French Academy of Sciences, the European Academy of Sciences, the Academia Europea, and the French Academy of Technology.

Bertrand has received the Senior Humboldt Research Award, the Grand Prix Le Bel of the French Chemical Society, the Sir Roland Nyholm Lectureship of the Royal Society of Chemistry, the Japanese Society for Promotion of Science Award, the Médalle d’Argenet du CNRS, the FrenchGerman Senior Humboldt Award, and the International Council on Main Group Chemistry Award.

In addition, he is an elected Membre Correspondant of the French Academy of Sciences.

He has served as associate editor of Chemical Reviews since 2010.

Bertrand will collaborate with faculty, researchers, and students in the College of Arts & Sciences.

HUI CAO

John C. Malone Professor of Applied Physics Professor of Physics and Professor of Electrical Engineering Department of Applied Physics

Yale University

Recognized for her pioneering work in fundamental physics as well as her practical applications of complex, chaotic, and disordered systems, Hui Cao focuses on understanding and controlling light transport, scattering, absorption, and amplification in complex photonic nanostructures for a wide range of applications.

Her research bridges mesoscopic physics, nonlinear dynamics, laser physics, nanophotonics, and biophotonics. Her work involves nanofabtrication; material characterization, optical measurement with high spatial, spectral and temporal resolution; and numerical modeling.

Her current projects include the development of novel light sources and exploring their applications in biomedical imaging, the coherent control of light transport in strong scattering media and multimode fibers, and the design and fabrication of multifunctional photonic devices with complex nanostructures.

Cao earned her doctorate at Stanford University in 1997.

That same year, she joined the faculty in the physics department at Northwestern University. She moved to Yale University in 2008, becoming the Frederick W. Beinecke Professor of Applied Physics in 2018 and the John C. Malone Professor of Applied Physics in 2019.

Cao is a member of both the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She has received the American Physical Society Maria Goeppert-Mayer Award, the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Research Award, the John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship, and shared the Willis E. Lamb Medal for Laser Physics and Quantum Optics. She holds six US patents.

The American Physical Society has recognized two of her research products as among the most important in her field: the experimental demonstration of semiconductor powder and the invention of micro random lasers.

Cao will collaborate with researchers in the Institute of Quantum Science and Engineering.

JOHN MICHAEL CULLEN

Distinguished Professor, Associate in the Toxicology Faculty and Adjunct Senior Researcher, Hammer Institute

Department of Population Health and Pathobiology

College of Veterinary Medicine

North Carolina State University

Specializing in veterinary pathology and toxicologic pathology of the liver, John Michael Cullen focuses his research on drug-induced hepatic disease and animal models of viral hepatitis. He ranks among the most accomplished and distinguished veterinary hepatopathologists in the world.

He has worked with colleagues in the pharmaceutical world over many years studying the causes and mechanisms of acute and chronic liver and biliary tree injury, publishing in this area as well. He also has worked with various types of viral hepatitis, publishing papers or chapters on Hepatitis A, B, C, D and E.

Cullen played a key role in the systematic description of liver diseases in small animals that is now used as a reference worldwide. He has established the only hepatohistopathology service in North America.

He earned a doctorate in comparative pathology from the University of California, Davis. He has served on the faculty at North Carolina State University since 1988.

Cullen is among only 65 distinguished members in the history of the American College of Veterinary Pathology. He is a fellow in the International Academy of Toxicologic Pathologists and a diplomate.

He received the BSTP Gopinath Lecture Award from the British Society of Toxicological Pathology and the R. Ferrell Distinguished Lecturer Award from the CL Davis Association.

He has authored 24 book chapters and published 154 peer-reviewed articles.

Cullen will collaborate with faculty-researchers and residents in the School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences.

ODILE EISENSTEIN

Director de Recherche CNRS Emeritus, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier CTMM group Universite de Montpellier Hylleraas Center for Quantum Molecular Science University of Oslo, Norway

Odile Eisenstein is known best for computational studies of structure, bounding and reactivity in inorganic and organometallic chemistry, as well as their application to problems in catalysis and bioinorganic and materials chemistry. She has worked closely with leading experimental chemists to address questions on structures, properties, and reactivity of complex molecular species.

Her research concerns molecular organic and organometallic chemistry, often with direct impact in homogeneous catalysis. Her significant achievements include the first computational explanation of enantioselectivity; the successful prediction of the counterintuitive structure of d0 metal alkyls, MR6; the effect of agostic interactions on metal-carbon bonds; the understanding of the attractive interaction between metal hydrides and H-bond donors (the dihydrogen bond); understanding the basis of the enormous NMR H-H coupling constants in some metal hydride complexes that arise through quantum mechanical tunnelling; and overcoming the challenge of applications in the reactivity of lanthanide complexes.

Eisenstein earned her doctorate at the University of Paris-Sud at Orsay. After her postdoctoral studies at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich and Cornell University, she served as an assistant professor at the University of Michigan and as a research professor at the French National Scientific Research Center (CNRS). She joined to the University of Montpellier in 1996. Since 2012, she has served as an adjunct professor at the University of Oslo. She is a member of the French Academy of Sciences and received the Centenary Prize from the Royal Society of Chemistry, the Award in Organometallic Chemistry from the American Chemical Society, the Sir Edward Frankland Medal and Lectureship from the Royal Society of Chemistry, and the Grand Prix Le Bel from the French Chemical Society.

In addition, Eisenstein received the Silver Medal from the CNRS— one of the highest awards.

Eisenstein will collaborate with faculty, researchers, and students in the College of Arts & Sciences.

DIMITAR FILEV

Henry Ford Technical Fellow Ford Research and Innovation Center

Dimitar Filev is known for his research in computational intelligence, artificial intelligence, and intelligent control, as well as their applications to autonomous driving, vehicle systems, and automotive engineering. His research has had significant impact in automotive research and practice in the fields of intelligent information and control systems.

He received his doctorate from the Czech Technical Institute in Prague. He has served as a Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science visiting researcher at Osaka University, assistant professor and associate professor at the Bulgarian Academy of Science in Sofia, and associate professor at the State University of New YorkBinghamton and Iona University in New Rochelle, New York.

Filev joined Ford Motor Company in Dearborn, Michigan, in 1994.

Filev is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and received the Norbert Wiener Award from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Systems, Man and Cybernetics Society, the Outstanding Industrial Applications Award from the International Fuzzy Systems Association, and the Fuzzy Systems Pioneers Award from the IEEE Computation Intelligence Society. He served as president of the IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Society from 2016-17.

He has authored or co-authored more than 200 research publications and holds more than 100 US patents.

Filev will collaborate with faculty, researchers, and students in the College of Engineering and across the university.

HOWARD FRUMKIN

Senior Vice President, the Trust for Public Land Professor Emeritus of Environmental and Occupational Sciences

School of Public Health

University of Washington

Howard Frumkin is an internist, environmental and occupational medicine specialist, and epidemiologist. His research interests include public health aspects of the built environment, climate change, energy policy, and nature contact.

He led the “Our Planet, Our Health” initiative at the Wellcome Trust in London in 2018-19. Previously, he directed the National Center for Environmental Health and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and served as special assistant to the director for climate change and health at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 2005-10.

Frumkin was professor and chair of Environmental and Occupational Health at Emory University’s Rollins School of Public Health and professor of medicine at Emory Medical School from 1990-2005. He served as dean of the Washington School of Public Health from 2010-16.

He has served on the boards of the Bullitt Foundation, the Seattle Parks

Foundation, the Washington Global Health Alliance, the American Public Health Association, the US Green Building Council, the Children & Nature Network, and Physicians for Social Responsibility.

Frumkin earned a doctorate from Harvard University in 1988 and a medical degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1982.

Frumkin is a member of the National Academy of Medicine and is a fellow in the American College of Physicians, the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, and the Collegium Ramazzini. He is the author, co-author, or editor of more than 300 scientific journal articles, chapters, and books, including textbooks on general environmental health, planetary health, and the built environment.

Frumkin will collaborate with faculty, researchers, and students in the School of Public Health.

SEBASTIAN (BAS) JONKMAN

Professor and holder of the Integral Hydraulic Engineering Chair Delft University of Technology, Netherlands

A world-class expert on hydraulic structures and flood risk, Bas Jonkman led Dutch efforts on the feasibility design of the Ike Dike project, a coastal barrier protecting the Houston-Galveston region form hurricanes. Texas A&M University coordinated work on the project, which is forecast to be the largest for the US Army’s Corps of Engineers.

Jonkman’s research interests include flood risk management, land reclamation, and the integral design of hydraulic infrastructure. He is leading several national and European research projects focusing on climate adaptation and strategies for flood risk reduction, including storm surge barriers and nature-based solutions.

He has been involved in postdisaster, research, and design studies in the Netherlands, United States, Mozambique, and Southeast Asia.

Jonkman is a member of the Dutch Royal Society of Engineering.

He was nominated as a Top 10 Engineer of the Year by the Royal Dutch Society of Engineering and received Best Paper Award from both the Journal of Flood Risk Management and the Society of Risk Analysis.

Jonkman is an advisor for an organization in the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, a member of the Dutch Expertise Network on Flood Protection, and the chair of the civil engineering department of the Dutch Association of Engineers.

He earned his doctorate from Delft University of Technology.

He has published more than 60 journal articles as a lead author or co-author.

Jonkman will collaborate with faculty, researchers, and students at Texas A&M University at Galveston and the Institute for a Disaster Resilient Texas.

MARK O’MALLEY

Leverhulme Professor of Power Systems

Imperial College London

A globally recognized expert on integrating wind-energy systems into smart grids, Mark O’Malley is founding director of the Electricity Research Centre—a multidisciplinary, multi-institutional, and industry-supported research activity at University College Dublin—which he led for 21 years. He joined the faculty of Imperial College London in September 2022 as Leverhulme Professor of Power Systems.

O’Malley is an international member of the National Academy of Engineering, a member of the Royal Irish Academy, and the European Academies Science Advisory Council Energy Steering Panel. O’Malley is a fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, the Institution of Engineering Technology, and the Institution of Engineers of Ireland. He has received two Fulbright Fellowships and was the James M. Flaherty Visiting Professor at McGill University in 2017.

O’Malley received his doctorate from University College Dublin in 1987. He served as chief scientist for energy systems integration and senior research fellow at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in the United States. He was the founding director of the International Institute for Energy Systems Integration, which evolved into the Energy Systems Integration Group where he chaired the Research and Education Working Group. He co-founded the Global Power System Transformation Consortium. O’Malley will collaborate with faculty, researchers, and students in the College of Engineering.

LAWRENCE QUE JR.

Regents Professor

College of Science and Engineering

University of Minnesota

Lawrence Que Jr. is known for his work in understanding how nonheme iron centers activate oxygen to carry out a diverse array of metabolically important reactions.

His efforts have produced the first synthetic precedents for these enzymatic intermediates, which provide benchmarks for understanding the electronic structures, spectroscopic properties, and reactivities of the iron (IV)-oxo unit.

In addition, Que has led efforts to design functional models for iron oxygenases, obtaining the first biomimetic examples for catechol dioxygenases, a-ketoglutarate-dependent oxygenases and cis-dihydroxylating arene dioxygenases. This research could lead to the development of more sustainable alternatives to heavy-metal oxidation catalysts.

Que received his doctorate from the University of Minnesota in 1973. He conducted postdoctoral study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Gray Freshwater Biological Institute

before joining the faculty at Cornell University in 1977. He moved to the University of Minnesota in 1983.

He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a fellow in the American Chemical Society. Que has received the American Chemical Society’s Alfred Bader Award in Bioorganic or Bioinorganic Chemistry, the Royal Society of Chemistry’s Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms Award, the International Award from the Japan Society for Coordination Chemistry, and the American Chemical Society’s Award in Inorganic Chemistry. In addition, he received the National Institutes of Health MERIT Award.

He has published more than 500 peer-reviewed papers and 12 books. He holds seven patents.

Que will collaborate with faculty and students in the College of Arts & Sciences and the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences.

JEAN-PAUL RODRIGUE

Professor

Department of Global Studies and Geography

Hofstra University

A leading transportation geographer covering mobility, freight distribution, containerization, logistics, and transport terminals (particularly ports), Jean-Paul Rodrigue ranks among the top 2 percent most-cited scholars in the world and among the top 100 in the field of transport and logistics, according to Elsevier BV. His paper, “Port regionalization: towards a new phase in port development,” is among the most cited works in maritime transportation.

Rodrigue is a board member of the University Transportation Research Center, Region II of the City University of New York and is a lead member of the PortEconomics.eu initiative as well as of the International Association of Maritime Economists.

In addition, he is the New York team leader for the MetroFreight project about city logistics.

Rodrigue received the Edward L. Ullman Award for outstanding contribution to the field of transport geography by the American Association of Geographers.

He received his doctorate from the University of Montreal in

1994. He joined the faculty at Hofstra University in 1999.

Rodrigue sits on the international editorial board of the Journal of Transport Geography, Transport Reviews, the Journal of Shipping and Trade, and the Cahiers Scientifiques du Transport.

He is co-editor of the Sage Handbook of Transport Studies

He has published seven books, 32 book chapters, more than 60 peer-reviewed papers, numerous reports, and delivered more than 175 conferences and seminar presentations, mostly at the international level.

His book, The Global Economic Space: Advanced Economies and Globalization, earned the 2001 PricewaterhouseCoopers award (Prix du livre d’affaire) for the best French business-related book published in North America.

His textbook, The Geography of Transport Systems (online version), is now in its fifth edition.

Rodrigue will collaborate with faculty, researchers, and students at Texas A&M University at Galveston and the College of Engineering.

DONALD L. SPARKS

Francis Alison Professor and holder of the Unidel S. Hallock du Pont Chair in Soil and Environmental Chemistry Professor, Chemistry and Biochemistry Director, Delaware Environmental Institute College of Agriculture & Natural Resources University of Delaware

Among the most celebrated soil and environmental scientists in the world, Donald L. Sparks conducts cross-disciplinary research that contributes to soil science as well as geochemistry, environmental chemistry, and environmental engineering.

Over a 43-year career at the University of Delaware, he and his research group have made seminal and transformational discoveries in the areas of kinetics of geochemical processes, molecular scale investigations of metal and nutrient fate, transport in soils and water, soil remediation, and climate change impacts on soils.

He received his doctorate from the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.

Sparks is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Soil Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy, Geochemical Society of America, and the European Association of Geochemistry.

He received the Geochemistry Medal, American Chemical Society; the Liebig Medal, International

Union of Soil Sciences; the Einstein Professorship, Chinese Academy of Sciences; the Sterling B. Hendricks Memorial Lectureship, US Department of Agriculture; the Environmental Quality Research Award, American Society of Agronomy; and the Pioneer in Clay Science Award, Clay Minerals Society.

Sparks is the author of two widely adopted textbooks, Kinetics of Soil Chemical Processes and Environmental Soil Chemistry (three editions), 15 edited books, 65 book chapters, and 300 refereed papers. He has edited 131 volumes of Advances in Agronomy, the most prestigious serial review in the field. He has presented his research findings at national and international symposia, and served as a distinguished lecturer at 116 universities and institutes in the United States, Canada, Africa, Asia, Australia, South America, and Europe.

Sparks will collaborate with faculty, researchers, and students in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences.

MADHAVI SUNDER

Frank Sherry Professor of Intellectual Property and Associate Dean for International and Graduate Programs Georgetown Law Center

An internationally recognized scholar in copyright, technology and trademark law, Madhavi Sunder produces groundbreaking work that is foundational to the understanding of intellectual property’s social effects and its role in crafting cultural relations. Her work centers on intellectual property law and extends into culture, human rights, and the First Amendment. From art law to brands and biopiracy, and from cultural appropriation to design thinking, the experience economy, and the intersection of religion and women’s rights— her work is wide-ranging.

Madhavi earned her law degree from Stanford Law School in 1997.

She clerked for Judge Harry Pregerson on the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit and was an associate at Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton in New York City. Before joining the Georgetown Law faculty, she was a professor at the University of California, Davis, and taught at Yale Law School, the University of Chicago Law School, and Cornell Law School.

Sunder, according to the Stanford Law Review, has been recognized for publishing one of the 20 topmost cited intellectual property (IP) articles and the most-cited international IP article of the decade. The California-Berkeley Law Review named her the coauthor of the Top 20 Most Cited IP Articles of the Decade in 2014. She received a Mellon Foundation grant to study academic branding, was named a Carnegie Corporation Scholar, and was named one of four “Top Intellectual Property Scholars” by Harvard Law School professor Lawrence Lessig. Her book, From Goods to a Good Life: Intellectual Property and Global Justice, brings a humanist approach to IP law. She has a deep interest in fairness and equity. Her recent articles call for more equitable allocation of COVID-19 vaccines to low- and middle-income countries.

Sunder will collaborate with the School of Law.

MICHAEL W. YOUNG

Richard

and Jeanne Fisher Professor Laboratory of Genetics, head Vice President for Academic Affairs

The Rockefeller University

Nobel Prize laureate Michael Young studies the biological clocks that regulate the human body’s sleep patterns, metabolism, and response to disease. His work has implications for the treatment of various sleep and mood disorders, as well as other dysfunctions related to the timing of gene activities underlying visual functions, locomotion, metabolism, immunity, learning, and memory.

In 1984, Young and two other researchers—Jeffrey C. Hall and Michael Rosbash of Brandeis University —independently isolated a gene named period, first discovered in 1971 by Ronald J. Konopka and Seymour Benzer. The gene is needed to maintain circadian rhythm in the Drosophila brain, and its isolation led the three labs to subsequently unmask the general molecular mechanism for circadian clocks: a transcriptional feedback loop that progresses through the 24-hour cycle. Elements of the YoungHall-Rosbash mechanism of the molecular clock were later found to be evolutionarily conserved throughout the animal kingdom.

Along with colleagues Hall and Rosbash, Young received the

2009 Gruber Neuroscience Prize, 2011 Horwitz Prize, 2012 Canada Gairdner International Award, 2012 Massry Prize, 2013 Shaw Prize, 2013 Wiley Prize, and 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discoveries of molecular mechanisms that control circadian rhythms.

Young earned his doctorate from The University of Texas at Austin. Following postdoctoral work in biochemistry at the Stanford University School of Medicine, he was appointed assistant professor at The Rockefeller University in 1978. Young was named associate professor in 1984 and professor in 1988. In 2004, he was appointed the university’s vice president for academic affairs and Richard and Jeanne Fisher Professor.

He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Philosophical Society, and an honorary member of the Physiological Society of London.

Young will collaborate with researchers in the College of Arts & Sciences as well as other disciplines across the university.

DAVID ZILBERMAN

Distinguished Professor and holder, Robinson Chair Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics College of Natural Resources  University of California, Berkeley

A recipient of the Wolf Prize in Agriculture, David Zilberman combines theory, empirical work, and outreach to address management or policy problems in the nexus of agriculture, natural resources, and the environment. He has been involved in major debates about policy, including the transition to water markets, regulation and use of pesticides, and biotechnology and biofuel policies.

Zilberman is best known for his work in agricultural and environmental policy; economics of innovation and risk; water biotechnology; and climate change. He incorporates features of agronomic and biophysical systems into economic models. His work emphasizes heterogeneity of people and location, as well as dynamics and risk.

He earned his doctorate at the University of California, Berkeley, where he joined the faculty in 1983.

Zilberman is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the European Academy of Sciences and Art. He is a fellow in both the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association (AAEA) and the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists.

In addition to the Wolf Prize, Zilberman has received the AAEA’s Quality of Research Discover Award; the AAEA’s Publication of Enduring Quality Award; and the International Cannes Prize for Water and the Economy from the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization.

He has edited 21 books and coauthored more than 350 papers in peer-reviewed journals.

Zilberman will collaborate with faculty, researchers, and students in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, as well as across campus.

LECTURER CATHERINE DULAC

Higgins Professor of Molecular and Cellular Biology

Lee and Ezpeleta Professor of Arts and Sciences

Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator

Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology

Harvard University

Catherine Dulac’s work explores the molecular biology of pheromone detection and signaling in mammals; the neural mechanisms underlying age-, species-, and sex-specific behaviors; and the role of genomic imprinting in the developing and adult brain.

Dulac and her team attempt to decipher the unique characteristics of social recognition: What are the unique cues that trigger distinct social behaviors, what is the nature and identity of social behavior circuits, how is the function of these circuits different in males and females and how are they modulated by the animal physiological status?

Her laboratory uses genetic, imaging, molecular, and behavioral approaches to understand how the brain controls specific social behaviors in both males and females and how areas throughout the brain participate in the positive and negative controls of specific social interactions.

Her team also used single cell transcriptomics to uncover specific cell populations involved in distinct social behaviors and to investigate the molecular and neural basis of their activity modulation according to the animal state.

Dulac earned a doctorate in developmental biology from the University of Paris. She joined the faculty at Harvard University in 1996.

She is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. She is a member of the French Academy of Sciences, Institute of France and a Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur.

Dulac will collaborate with faculty, researchers and students in the College of Arts & Sciences, the schools of medicine and veterinary medicine & biomedical sciences.

■ CLASS OF 2021-22

ARTHUR M. JAFFE

Landon T. Clay Professor of Mathematics and Theoretical Sciences

Department of Physics

Harvard University

RESEARCH: The relation between super-symmetry and a new mathematical subject — non-commutative geometry — where one builds quantum space into the notion of space-time

KEVIN G. BOWCUTT

Principal Senior Technical Fellow and Chief Scientist of Hypersonics

Boeing Research and Technology

RESEARCH: Hypersonic aerodynamics, propulsion integration, and vehicle design and optimization

JACQUELINE H. CHEN

Senior Scientist

Combustion Research Facility

Sandia National Laboratories

RESEARCH: Applies massively parallel computing to the simulation of turbulent combustion

JENNIFER H. ELISSEEFF

Jules Stein Professor

Department of Biomedical Engineering

Morton Goldberg

Professor, Ophthalmology

Director, Translational Tissue Engineering Center

Johns Hopkins University

RESEARCH: Regenerative medicine, biomaterials, tissue engineering, immunoengineering, and biomedical engineering

THEODORE GOODSON III

Richard Barry Bernstein

Collegiate Professor of Chemistry and Macromolecular Science and Engineering

Department of Chemistry

University of Michigan

RESEARCH: Non-linear optical properties of novel organic materials

NANCY R. SOTTOS

Department Head and Holder, Maybelle Leland Swanlund

Endowed Chair

Center for Advanced Study Professor

Materials Science and Engineering

Grainger College of Engineering

University of Illinois

Urbana-Champaign

RESEARCH: Polymers, composites, and self-healing materials for energy and the environment, mechanical properties and materials for extreme conditions

DONNA T. STRICKLAND

Professor

Department of Physics and Astronomy

University of Waterloo Ontario, Canada

RESEARCH: Develops novel ultrafast laser systems to study nonlinear optical phenomena

NIKOLAY I. ZHELUDEV

Professor and Deputy Director of the Zepler Institute

University of Southampton, United Kingdom

Co-Director, The Photonics Institute

Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

RESEARCH: Nanophotonics, metamaterials, nanotechnology, electrodynamics, and nonlinear optics

■ CLASS OF 2020-21

R. GRAHAM COOKS

Henry B. Hass

Distinguished Professor of Analytical Chemistry

Department of Chemistry

College of Science

Purdue University

RESEARCH: Mass spectrometry, including fundamental phenomena, instrumentation, and analytical applications

ANDREW P. FEINBERG

Director, Center for Epigenetics

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Bloomberg Distinguished Professor

Whiting School of Engineering and Bloomberg School of Public Health

Johns Hopkins University

RESEARCH: Multidisciplinary research spans many fields, from genetics to computational biology and mathematics

JAMES J. GIOVANNONI Director

Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture & Health Laboratory

USDA-ARS

Adjunct Professor

Boyce Thompson Institute

Cornell University

RESEARCH: Molecular and genetic analysis of fruit physiology and ripening and signal transduction systems in the tomato and additional fruit species

PAULA T. HAMMOND

David H. Koch (1962) Professor in Engineering

Head, Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

RESEARCH: Macromolecular design and synthesis, targeted drug delivery for cancer, nanoscale assembly of synthetic biomaterials and electrostatic and directed materials assembly

TIMOTHY A. JUDGE

Joseph A. Alutto Chair in Leadership Effectiveness

Department of Management and Human Resources

Fischer College of Business

The Ohio State University

RESEARCH: Clarifies the role of personality in job performance, job attitudes, and career success

JULIA KING

Professor Baroness Brown of Cambridge, Crossbench Life

Peer, House of Lords, London

Chair, Sir Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials, Carbon Trust

RESEARCH: Science, technology, and policy to support low-carbon and new negative-emissions science

GLORIA LADSON-BILLINGS

Former Kellner Family

Distinguished Professor

Department of Educational Policy Studies

School of Education

University of Wisconsin

RESEARCH: Examines the pedagogical practices of teachers who are successful with African American students, and investigates applications of critical race theory to education

RACHEL F. MORAN

Distinguished Professor

School of Law

University of California, Irvine

RESEARCH: Education policy, civil rights, and race and the law

SHAUL MUKAMEL

Distinguished Professor

Department of Chemistry

School of Physical Sciences

University of California, Irvine

RESEARCH: Studies

molecules by measuring their response to short pulses of light. Pioneered the field of coherent ultrafast multidimensional molecular spectroscopy

LENA COWEN ORLIN

Professor

Department of English

Georgetown College

Georgetown University

RESEARCH: Expert on private domestic life during the Renaissance and specializes in works of Shakespeare

■ CLASS OF 2019-20

LUIZ DAVIDOVICH

Professor of Physics

Instituto de Física

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

RESEARCH: Decoherence, dynamics of entanglement, laser theory, and quantum metrology

SHARON DONOVAN

Professor and Holder, Melissa M. Noel Endowed Chair in Nutrition and Health

Department of Nutritional Sciences

College of Agricultural, Consumer & Environmental Sciences

The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

RESEARCH: Pediatric nutrition, focusing on optimizing intestinal and cognitive development and on development of the gut microbiome

MARIO ANDRÉS HAMUY

Vice President and Head of Mission, Chile

Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy

Washington, DC

RESEARCH: Established the use of supernovas to measure distances into the far universe, leading to the discovery of the accelerated expansion of the universe

PETER J. HOTEZ

Dean, National School of Tropical Medicine

Professor

Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology & Microbiology

Endowed Chair in Tropical Pediatrics

Baylor College of Medicine

RESEARCH: Neglected tropical diseases and vaccine development

KATHLEEN C. HOWELL

Hsu Lo Distinguished Professor

School of Aeronautics and Astronautics College of Engineering

Purdue University

RESEARCH: Contributions to the three-body problem, the interplanetary superhighway, and artificial satellite theories

MISHA LYUBICH

Professor

Department of Mathematics Director, Institute for Mathematical Sciences College of Arts and Sciences

Stony Brook University

RESEARCH: Analytic low-dimensional dynamics of recursive maps

HENRY ROUSSO

Directeur de Recherche Émérite

French National Centre for Scientific Research

Paris, France

RESEARCH: Link between history and memory and historical trauma

PETER W. SHOR

Henry Adams Morss and Henry Adams Morss Jr.

Professor of Applied Mathematics School of Science

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

RESEARCH: Quantum algorithm for factoring exponentially faster than the best currently known algorithm running on a classical computer

EDWIN L. “NED” THOMAS

Ernest Dell Butcher Professor of Engineering

Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering School of Engineering

Rice University

RESEARCH: Development of novel photonic materials and determination of the morphology of black copolymers

■ CLASS OF 2018-19

VANDERLEI SALVADOR BAGNATO Professor

Department of Physics and Materials Science

University of São Paulo and the Institute of Physics of São Carlos Brazil

RESEARCH: Laser cooling, trapping neutral atoms, and applying the principles of optics and lasers in health sciences

MICHAEL J. DUFF

Emeritus Professor of Theoretical Physics

Senior Research Investigator

Imperial College

London

RESEARCH: Quantum gravity, quantum informatics, string theory, M-theory, and unified theories of the elementary particles

YONGGANG HUANG

Walter P. Murphy Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering

McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science

Northwestern University

RESEARCH: Mechanics of stretchable materials and additive manufacturing

CAMERON JONES

Professor and Holder of the R.L. Martin Distinguished Chair of Chemistry

Monash University

Melbourne, Australia

RESEARCH: Facets of chemistry to refine existing views on structure, bonding, and stability

STEFAN H.E. KAUFMANN

Head, Department of Immunology

Founding Director

Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology

Germany

RESEARCH: Vaccines for tuberculosis

H. VINCENT POOR

Michael Henry Strater University Professor

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

School of Engineering and Applied Science

Princeton University

RESEARCH: Advancing rapid development of technology

ROBERT D. PUTNAM

Peter and Isabel Malkin

Research Professor of Public Policy

Kennedy School of Government

Harvard University

RESEARCH: Religion in society, the fall and revival of American community, and opportunity gaps

ANDREA RINALDO

Professor of Hydrology and Water Resources

Director, Laboratory of Ecohydrology

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Switzerland

RESEARCH: Theory of self-organized fractal river networks and efficient transportation networks

WILLIAM G. UNRUH

Professor of Physics

Department of Physics & Astronomy

University of British Columbia

RESEARCH: General relativity and refining the foundations of quantum mechanics in relation to black holes

■ CLASS OF 2017–18

VIJAY K. DHIR

Distinguished Professor

Departments of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

Samueli School of Engineering

University of California, Los Angeles

RESEARCH: Fundamental and applied sciences involving boiling

RICHARD A. DIXON

Distinguished Research Professor

Department of Biological Sciences

College of Science

University of North Texas

RESEARCH: Metabolic engineering of plants

RICHARD A. EPSTEIN

Laurence A. Tisch Professor of Law

Director, Classical Liberal Institute

School of Law

New York University

RESEARCH: Legal theory property, torts, and employment

TOM GINSBURG

Leo Spitz Professor of International Law

Ludwig and Hilde Wolf Research Scholar

Professor of Political Science

University of Chicago

Law School

RESEARCH: Multidisciplinary social scientific analysis to comparative constitutional law

JAMES E. HUBBARD JR.

Oscar S. Wyatt Jr. ‘45 Chair I Professor

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering

Texas A&M University

RESEARCH: Designs, develops, and defines the state of the art in robotic platforms

THOMAS J. STIPANOWICH

William H. Webster Chair in Dispute Resolution

Professor of Law

Straus Institute for Dispute Resolution

Caruso School of Law

Pepperdine University

RESEARCH: Commercial arbitration and dispute resolution

JERRY TESSENDORF

Professor of Visual Computing

School of Computing

College of Engineering, Computing and Applied Sciences

Clemson University

RESEARCH: Fluid simulations in computer graphics for motion pictures

■ CLASS OF 2016–17

CHRISTOPHER C. CUMMINS

Henry Dreyfus Professor of Chemistry

Department of Chemistry

School of Science

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

RESEARCH: Synthetic chemistry, inorganic synthesis methodology

INGRID DAUBECHIES

James B. Duke Distinguished Professor

Departments of Mathematics and Electrical & Computer Engineering

Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Pratt School of Engineering

Duke University

RESEARCH: Wavelets, mathematical methods

GERALD GALLOWAY

Professor Emeritus

Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering

A. James Clark School of Engineering

University of Maryland

RESEARCH: Civil engineering, flood plain management

HUAJIAN GAO

Walter H. Annenberg

Professor of Engineering

School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Brown University

RESEARCH: Mechanical and biological engineering

MARYELLEN GIGER

A. N. Pritzker Distinguished Service Professor

Department of Radiology

Committee on Medical Physics

The College at the University of Chicago

RESEARCH: Computer-aided diagnosis, digital signal and image processing

ROBERT KENNICUTT JR.

Plumian Professor of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy, Emerita School of Physical Sciences University of Cambridge

RESEARCH: Astronomy, star formation and galaxies

CHARLES E. KOLB

Former President and Chief Executive Officer Aerodyne Research Inc.

RESEARCH: Atmospheric chemistry, air quality, and climate

V. KUMAR Professor

Department of Marketing

The Peter J. Tobin College of Business

St. John’s University, New York

RESEARCH: Marketing research methods, customer relationship management

WILLIAM M. SAGE

James R. Dougherty Chair for Faculty Excellence Professor

Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care Dell Medical School

The University of Texas at Austin School of Law

RESEARCH: Law, national health care reform

THOMAS S. ULEN

Research Professor

Swanlund Chair Emeritus College of Law

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

RESEARCH: Law, economics, legal, scholarship, and legal education

■ CLASS OF 2015–16

W. DAVID ARNETT

Regents’ Professor Emeritus

Department of Astronomy College of Science

University of Arizona

RESEARCH: Theoretical astrophysics, supernovae, and stellar astronomy

JOHN T. BROSNAN

Professor Emeritus

Department of Biochemistry

Memorial University of Newfoundland

RESEARCH: Amino acid biochemistry

ROBERT A. CALDERBANK

Charles S. Sydnor

Distinguished Professor

Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Mathematics

Director, Rhodes Information Initiative

Pratt School of Engineering, Trinity College of Arts and Sciences

Duke University

RESEARCH: Computer science, electrical engineering, and mathematics

RICHARD DELGADO

John J. Sparkman Chair of Law School of Law

The University of Alabama

RESEARCH: Critical race theory, law

RICHARD GIBBS

Wofford Cain Chair and Professor

Department of Molecular and Human Genetics

Director & Founder, Human Genome Sequencing Center Baylor College of Medicine

RESEARCH: Genome science, human molecular evolution

the late J. KARL HEDRICK

James Marshall Wells

Academic Chair and Professor

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering

University of California, Berkeley

RESEARCH: Nonlinear control theory, automotive control systems

RICHARD HOLM

Higgins Professor of Chemistry Emeritus

Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology

Graduate School of Arts and Sciences

Harvard University

RESEARCH: Bioinorganic chemistry

MICHAEL KING

Senior Research Scientist

Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics

University of Colorado Boulder

RESEARCH: Atmospheric and space physics

STEVE POLASKY

Regents Professor, Fesler-Lampert Professor of Ecological/Environmental Economics

Department of Applied Economics

College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences

University of Minnesota

RESEARCH: Ecological/ environmental economics

JOHN A. ROGERS

Louis Simpson and Kimberly Querrey Professor of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Neurological Surgery

Director, Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics

McCormick School of Engineering

Northwestern University

RESEARCH: Materials science and engineering

MANFRED SCHARTL

Senior Professor

Department of Developmental Biochemistry

The Biocenter

University of Würzburg, Germany

RESEARCH: Biology, genetics

KUMARES SINHA

Edgar B. and Hedwig M. Olson

Distinguished Professor of Civil Engineering

Lyles School of Civil Engineering

Purdue University

RESEARCH: Civil engineering

SUSAN SULEIMAN

C. Douglas Dillon Professor of the Civilization of France and Professor of Comparative Literature, Emerita

Department of Romance

Languages & Literatures

Arts and Humanities

Harvard University

RESEARCH: Twentiethcentury French literature

■ CLASS OF 2014–15

the late HAROLD ADAMS

Chairman Emeritus

RTKL Associates Inc.

RESEARCH: Architecture and building construction

RAKESH AGRAWAL

Winthrop E. Stone

Distinguished Professor of Chemical Engineering

Davidson School of Chemical Engineering

College of Engineering

Purdue University

RESEARCH: Chemical engineering, invention

JACK DONGARRA University Distinguished Professor

Min H. Kao Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

Director, Innovative Computing Laboratory

Tickle College of Engineering

University of Tennessee, Knoxville

RESEARCH: Computational mathematics

WILLIAM MARRAS

Honda Chair in Transportation

Department of Integrated Systems Engineering

Director, Spine Research Institute

The Ohio State University

RESEARCH: Ergonomics and occupational health

ED MOSES

President

Longview Consulting

RESEARCH: Fusion energy, high-power laser physics

YURI OGANESSIAN Scientific Director

Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

Dubna, Russia

RESEARCH: Nuclear physics

ROBERT SKELTON

Wofford Cain Chair III and Professor

Departments of Aerospace Engineering and Ocean Engineering College of Engineering

Texas A&M University

RESEARCH: Systems and aerospace engineering

■ CLASS OF 2013–14

LEIF ANDERSSON

Uppsala University, Sweden Professor

Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences

College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences

Texas A&M University

RESEARCH: Animal genetics

SATYA ATLURI

Presidential Chair & University Distinguished Professor

Department of Chemical Engineering

Edward E. Whitacre Jr. College of Engineering

Texas Tech University

RESEARCH: Mechanical and aerospace engineering

CLAUDE BOUCHARD

John W. Barton, Sr. Endowed Chair in Genetics and Nutrition

Boyd Professor and Professor in Human Genomics

Pennington Biomedical Research Center

Louisiana State University

RESEARCH: Genetics and nutrition

the late CHRISTODOULOS FLOUDAS

Director, Texas A&M Energy Institute

Erle Nye ‘59 Chair Professor for Engineering Excellence

Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering

Texas A&M University

RESEARCH: Chemical and biological engineering

the late ROY GLAUBER

Professor Emeritus

Department of Physics

Harvard College

Harvard University

RESEARCH: Quantum physics

ROGER HOWE

University Distinguished Professor

Department of Teaching, Learning & Culture

School of Education and Human Development

Texas A&M University

RESEARCH: Mathematics

ROBERT LEVINE

Distinguished University Professor, English

Departments of English and American Studies

College of Arts and Humanities

University of Maryland

RESEARCH: Literary and comparative studies

WOLFGANG SCHLEICH

Chair Professor of Theoretical Physics

Director, Institute of Quantum Physics

Ulm University, Germany

RESEARCH: Theoretical and quantum physics

PETER STANG

Distinguished Professor and David P. Gardner Presidential Chair

Department of Chemistry

College of Science

University of Utah

RESEARCH: Organic chemistry

■ CLASS OF 2012–13

JAY DUNLAP

Nathan Smith Professor

Departments of Molecular and Systems Biology and Biochemistry and Cell Biology

Geisel School of Medicine

Dartmouth College

RESEARCH: Genetics, biochemistry

PETER LISS

Professor Emeritus

School of Environmental Sciences

University of East Anglia, UK

RESEARCH: Environmental sciences

ALAN NEEDLEMAN

University Distinguished Professor and Royce E. Wisenbaker ’39 Chair III

Departments of Materials

Science & Engineering and Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering

Texas A&M University

RESEARCH: Materials science and engineering

ALEDA ROTH

Burlington Industries

Distinguished Professor of Supply Chain Management

Department of Management

Wilburn O. and Ann Powers

College of Business

Clemson University

RESEARCH: Global supply chain management

VERNON SMITH

George L. Argyros Endowed Chair in Finance and Economics, Professor of Economics and Law

Founder, Economic Science Institute

The George L. Argyros School of Business and Economics, Dale E. Fowler School of Law

Chapman University

RESEARCH: Experimental economics

KATEPALLI SREENIVASAN

Dean Emeritus of NYU Tandon

School of Engineering

Eugene Kleiner Professor for Innovation in Mechanical Engineering University Professor

Departments of Physics and Mathematics

College of Arts and Science, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences

New York University

RESEARCH: Mechanical engineering

MALINA RENAISSANCE MEDALLION AWARD

Established in 2022 by John L. Junkins, the DR. FRANK J. MALINA ’34 Renaissance Medallion Award honors the legacy of the Texas A&M University former student who co-founded the Jet Propulsion Lab as well as the first rocket and jet engine company, Aerojet Corp. In this way, Malina helped lay the foundations for the nation’s rocket and missile programs. Later in Paris, Malina made indelible contributions as a kinetic artist.

At the 2022 Hagler Institute gala, Junkins presented the award to the first recipient, PAUL “HASKELL” MOTHERAL ’52, a successful engineer, businessman, and member of the Austin Jazz Society Hall of Fame.

Frank Malina ‘34, Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas yearbook

Paul “Haskell” Motheral and John L. Junkins

FINANCIAL OVERVIEW

Jon L. Hagler’s endowment, coupled with Academic Master Plan funds ($1.8 million in 2016 dollars per year) and Heep Foundation earnings ($400,000 per year) contributed by Texas A&M University President M. Katherine Banks, ensure that the Hagler Institute will serve permanently as a beacon of excellence at Texas A&M. The institute’s current financing is enough to support an average of about 10 new Hagler Fellows per year. The 2022-2023 Fellows numbered 14, and looking forward we see a new era of growth in Hagler Fellows to an average in the mid-teens annually. Two major contributors that enable the institute’s growth are earnings from Jon L. Hagler’s cash endowment and earnings from newly endowed Hagler Institute College Chairs. Those earnings will be generated each year in the future. Our goal is to increase endowment funding, particularly for Hagler Fellows within colleges, schools, and for the institute’s graduate student fellowships.

REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES

Revenues were less than expenditures in academic FY22, which ended August 31, 2022. The largest sources of revenues came from Texas A&M University to pay

operating expenses and compensation to fellows. Endowment income continues to grow, however, primarily due to additions of earnings on some recently established endowments.

Expenditures on fellows and for fellowships for students to work with fellows remained abnormally low due to delays in travel attributable to pandemic concerns. These delays will cause a surge in expenditures on fellows and students as multiple classes of fellows resume visiting the A&M campus. The total of the Hagler Institute’s new obligations to fellows recruited in FY22 for the 2022-2023 academic year are reported for the “Fellow and Lecturer Compensation”.

Operating expenses increased from last year. The institute’s director and university distinguished professor, John L. Junkins, returned to half-time in the institute in FY22 from his work as Interim President of Texas A&M, increasing the institute’s salary expenditures. The Hagler Institute resumed its induction gala in May 2022 and its printing of the institute’s Cornerstone, adding some additional expenses.

Other major expenditures were for fellowships for students to work directly on research with Hagler Fellows and their A&M faculty hosts. Our potential

In fiscal year 2017, Jon L. Hagler ’58 committed a $10 million cash gift and a $10 million estate gift to help endow what is now the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study.

obligations for student fellowships are much larger than the cash outlays shown in the FY22 expenditures pie chart, and these will be shown as expenditures when these fellowships are applied for and awarded.

CASH ENDOWMENTS AND PLANNED ESTATE GIFTS

Former students led by Jon L. Hagler ‘58 have provided impressive support for Texas A&M. For those alumni wanting to underwrite a legacy of ultimate academic excellence, the Hagler Institute is an ideal solution. For the life of the university, donors of a cash endowment or a planned estate gift will have their names associated with a series of the world’s most remarkable scholars. History shows that more than 20 percent of the fellows who complete their work in the institute join our faculty. Endowed chairs for Hagler Fellows and endowed fellowships for graduate students to work with fellows are among the most prestigious on campus. These endowments bear the name of the donor and may be focused in particular colleges, schools, departments, or disciplines.

Three Hagler Institute College Chairs of $3 million each and one for $1 million are fully endowed and are generating earnings for their respective colleges to support Hagler Fellows. Those chairs were funded by Trisha and L.C. “Chaz” Neely, ’62 (business), Eric Yong Xu, ’93 (biology/science), Thomas W. Powell, ’62 (science), and Karin C. and R. Bowen Loftin ’71 (Bush School).

For the near future, the Hagler Institute has funds to provide a dollar-for-dollar matching of endowment donations. For example, the Hagler Institute will match a $500,000 endowment donation to create a $1 million named chair for the donor and restricted to support fellows in the donor’s designated college or department.

The Jerry and Kay Cox Foundation was the first to establish an endowment within the Hagler Institute to support fellows from any discipline, subsequently joined by Susanne M. and Melbern G. Glasscock ’59, who established a similar endowment. Brad Worsham ’88, Professor of Practice in the College of Engineering, and Mary and Charles Gregory ’64 have helped establish $800,000 endowments for graduate student fellowships. Anthony J. Wood ’90 and Susan D. Wood ’89 have also funded an endowment for discretionary use by the Hagler Institute. Former Hagler Fellows are another source of significant support. Robert Skelton donated funds to help endow a $200,000 discretionary account emphasizing graduate student support.

Some individuals have donated unsolicited estate gifts. The first professor to establish an estate gift was Ozden Ochoa, professor emerita, mechanical engineering. Walter Buchanan, professor in the College of Engineering and a graduate of Purdue University and Indiana University, along with his wife, Charlotte, donated their estates to establish a Hagler Chair within the College of Engineering. Elouise and John L. Junkins, Founding Director of the Hagler Institute, have endowed a chair from their estate to support Hagler Fellows in the field of aerospace engineering. Professor Janet Bluemel and University Distinguished Professor John Gladysz, holder of the Dow Chair in Chemical Invention, both faculty in the new College of Arts and Sciences, have made significant provisions in their wills to contribute to the Hagler Institute. The Hagler Institute has received other estate gifts, including one from Associate Director Clifford L. Fry ’67 and another one from an anonymous donor.

The mission of the Hagler Institute has inspired Texas A&M faculty members who are not former students to contribute support for the

institute. Some have walked in unsolicited to the Hagler office with a check in hand. Katepalli Sreenivasan and Alan Needleman, from the first group of fellows, have made several cash gifts, as has the Willard and Anne Levin Foundation, thanks to Trustee Terrell Mullins ’67. Advocates Janet and Jean-Louis Briaud have also made significant contributions. A number of other donors who wish to remain anonymous have stepped forward to contribute. It is remarkable that none of the gifts to date have been solicited.

As is evident, we spent $521,453 more than our FY22 revenues ($2,983,468), but had more than sufficient reserves to cover this deficit.

THE INSTITUTE IS MOVING STEADILY TOWARD ITS GOAL OF ENHANCING THE RECOGNITION OF ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE AT TEXAS A&M TO HELP ACHIEVE RECOGNITION AS A TOP 10 PUBLIC UNIVERSITY.

Our near term goal is to find one or more additional endowed chairs per college and school, as well as endowments for 25 graduate student fellowships, by 2030. We are still well short of that goal, but gaining momentum. We are pleased that more and more members of the Aggie Network are recognizing the merit and power of investing in the Hagler Institute. Achieving this goal will vastly accelerate every college and school and make Hagler Fellows, as well as their spouses, easily affordable for all disciplines. You can make a difference in the excellence of your department, college, school, and Texas A&M. We would be delighted for you to join us to help elevate Texas A&M University in perpetuity.

FY22 REVENUES

$2,983,468

Student Fellowships $320,000

Endowment Earnings and Gifts

$722,423

FY22 EXPENDITURES

$3,504,921

Operating and Miscellaneous

Expenses and Salaries

$915,369

Fellow and Lecturer Compensation $2,269,552

Texas A&M Funds $1,861,045

HEEP Foundation $400,000

CHARTING THE WAY FORWARD

These are exciting times for Texas A&M University. A May 16, 2022 edition of Money named Texas A&M as the number one public college in Texas and the state’s best education value.

At the national level, among 671 schools examined across the nation, Texas A&M ranked 23 among public universities. The Center for World University Rankings for 2020-2021 placed Texas A&M at number 73 among 2,000 universities in the world, but the rankings for 2022-2023 placed Texas A&M at number 62, which is quite a jump in a short period of time. Among all universities in the United States, Research.com rated seven of A&M’s fields of study in the top 10 in the nation.

These were:

A&M’S TOP 10 RANKINGS

The objective for the Hagler Institute is to help set Texas A&M on a trajectory to become the consensus number one public university in the United States. This decadal quest requires sustained effort to elevate academics across all college and schools. The Hagler Institute is a key lever that crosses the entire university to allow faculty and administrators to efficiently act on their ambitions. The presented data indicate that national perceptions of our quality are already very positive and improving.

The Hagler Institute has already proven to add dramatically to the academic quality of Texas A&M. The increasing leverage of the Hagler Institute holds tremendous promise for the broad enhancement of our programs.

The institute has been averaging close to nine new fellows each year for its first 11 years of operation. In the immediate future, we would like to move the annual average of new fellows into the teens. Our long-term goal is to reach 20 fellow appointments per year.

Reaching this goal would allow us to average about one fellow per department every five years.

REACHING OUR LONG-TERM GOAL REQUIRES:

• stronger “buy-in” by under-participating colleges and schools to use the Hagler Institute to enhance their programs;

• additional endowed Hagler Institute College Chairs, at least one per college or school, to make the fellows more affordable;

• additional fellowship endowments for graduate students to work with fellows.

A Hagler Institute College Chair ensures that college’s participation in the Hagler Institute’s pursuit of excellence for the life of Texas A&M. For the donor who wants to enhance the quality and reputation of a college or school, a Hagler Institute College Chair is an essential choice. Chair earnings

typically pay for all costs of fellows, and the chair earnings can only be used for that purpose.

Hagler Institute College Chairs and graduate student fellowships are among the most prestigious in the university because they are linked with a perpetual sequence of world-class scholars. A $3 million chair will support a new fellow each year, a $1 million endowed chair will fund approximately one fellow once every three years. Enhancing the Hagler Institute’s $800,000 endowments for student fellowships is also an immediate goal. Those chairs and fellowships are permanently named for the donors. FOR OUR LONGER-TERM GOAL OF 20 NEW OUTSTANDING SCHOLARS TO TEXAS A&M PER YEAR WE SEEK DONORS OF NEW PLANNED ESTATE GIFTS.

The institute’s planned gifts are established through the Texas A&M Foundation for the sole benefit of the Hagler Institute. Those gifts can take many forms and have beneficial tax advantages for the donor. Remarkably, several sitting Texas A&M faculty have made generous estate gifts. These gifts are crucial for the long-term health of the institute.

Abraham Lincoln said, “The best way to predict your future is to create it.” Please join our colleagues in the Legacy Society and help create the future by giving back to Texas A&M through the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study.

For inquiries, contact

Clifford L. Fry, Ph.D. Associate Director Hagler Institute

for Advanced Study cfry@tamu.edu / 979.458.5723 or

John L. Junkins, Ph.D. Founder and Director Hagler Institute for Advanced Study junkins@tamu.edu / 979.458.4992

HAGLER INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY ATTRACTING

WORLD-CLASS SCHOLARS TO TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY