COR COR NER NER STO STO NE NE 2019 ANNUAL REPORT
A C A D E M I C F O U N D AT I O N F O R G L O B A L L E A D E R S H I P
AN IMPORTANT QUALITY OR
F E AT U R E O N W H I C H A PA R T I C U L A R
THING DEPENDS OR IS BASED
CONTENTS
THE INSTITUTE
FA C U LT Y F E L L O W S
PAS T A N D F U T U R E
4
From the Director
13
58
Faculty Fellows and
6
About the Institute
25 Featured Articles
Student Inspiration
8
Faculty Advisory Board
43
2019–20 Inductees
60
Financial Overview
9
External Advisory Board
53
2019–20 Distinguished
62
Charting the Way Forward
10
Institute Staff
Lecturers
63
The Legacy Society
11
Hagler Institute Advocates
12 Administrative Council
Faculty Fellows
FROM THE DIRECTOR If life moves at the speed of relationships, as some people contend, then the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study is a vessel for enhancement of many lives among faculty and students at Texas A&M and others throughout the world. Every day I am amazed at the variety and quality of the relationships being formed, directly or indirectly, through the Hagler Institute. Brilliant scholars are the foundation on which great universities build. At Texas A&M University, the Hagler Institute is the cornerstone of that foundation. The Institute brings the world’s finest minds to Texas A&M to team with our outstanding faculty and students. Stanford University recently conducted a study of the mostcited scholars worldwide in all fields. Most of the Institute’s Faculty Fellows are named in that prestigious group, verifying that the Hagler Institute is, indeed, bringing internationally renowned researchers to Texas A&M. An appointment in the Hagler Institute is an honor on par with membership in one of the national academies. Academy membership—or equivalent stature in fields of study without a national academy—is a minimum criterion for appointment to the Hagler Institute. In its first eight years, the Institute has been the
4
catalyst for bringing seventy worldclass scholars and leaders to Texas A&M. Those Faculty Fellows come for up to twelve months, but many prefer to spread their in-residence visits over multiple years. For the last two years, the average time in residence of the Faculty Fellows has exceeded six months spread over a three-year period. As a side benefit, the Institute offers Faculty Fellows an opportunity to come to Texas A&M with a unique associated honor and take an extensive look at how Texas A&M might be a more lasting fit for their careers. Of the fifty Faculty Fellows who have completed their appointment in the Institute, nine, or 18 percent, have joined Texas A&M’s permanent faculty. I invite you to go to the Institute’s website and read about each of these Faculty Fellows and their accomplishments; they are truly exceptional individuals. They include, among many others, Robert Kennicutt Jr., a Faculty
LETTER letter Fellow of the Hagler Institute, who later joined the faculty of Texas A&M. Kennicutt is an astrophysicist who co-led the team that measured the rate of expansion in the universe. The National Academies chose Kennicutt to co-chair the Astro 2020 Decadal Survey that sets the road map for research investments in astronomy over the next decade. A previous survey recommended development of the Hubble Space Telescope. Consider the work of Maryellen Giger, Faculty Fellow and A. N. Pritzker Professor of Radiology at the University of Chicago. Her work in artificial intelligence in radiology and her lab’s invention, QuantX, made Time magazine’s “Best Inventions 2019: 100 innovations making the world better, smarter, and even a little more fun.” QuantX contains software that analyzes data from MRIs with special application in diagnosing breast cancer. QuantX has a proven 20 percent improvement in overall accuracy in finding previously
missed cancers and in reducing false-positive readings for breast cancer. Giger has not yet completed her time in the Institute, and when not in residence she conducts weekly phone calls with her A&M faculty and student collaborators.
OUR GOAL IS TO HELP MAKE T E X AS A & M A WO R L D RENOWNED RESEARCH AND ACADEMIC LEADER. THE HAGLER INSTITUTE, NOW IN ITS NINTH YEAR OF O P E R AT I O N , H A S A L R E A D Y M A D E S U B S TA N T I A L P R O G R E S S T O WA R D T H AT G O A L . If you are a supporter of Texas A&M who values excellence, no better way exists to show that support than by establishing for your favorite college a named chair that can be filled only by a Faculty Fellow of the Hagler Institute during his or her residence. A Hagler Institute College Chair covers all costs of bringing a Faculty Fellow to the host college.
By establishing a chair, you can become associated with a perpetual series of the world’s finest scholars in a chosen field. I invite you to join me in being a part of the most exciting program at Texas A&M. Only scholarship will elevate Texas A&M’s stature in the eyes of the world and allow the University to be at the forefront of major advances in knowledge, with its consequential benefits for humankind.
JOHN L. JUNKINS
Founding Director Hagler Institute for Advanced Study
5
ABOUT about THE INSTITUTE
The Hagler Institute for Advanced Study is a cornerstone of academic excellence at Texas A&M University and is renowned among U.S. institutions of higher education. The Institute brings the world’s most notable scholars—known as Faculty Fellows—to campus for as long as one year to inspire and collaborate with Texas A&M’s outstanding faculty and students. In its first eight years, the Institute has helped bring seventy Faculty Fellows to Texas A&M.
6
Now a permanent feature on campus, the Hagler Institute was the idea of its founding director, John Junkins, a University Distinguished Professor in the Department of Aerospace Engineering. The concept was proven over a five-year period with startup funds provided by Chancellor John Sharp and Texas A&M’s Academic Master Plan. A commitment of continuing support by Texas A&M President Michael K. Young, along with a significant endowment provided by A&M Distinguished Alumnus Jon Hagler ‘58, established the Institute’s stability.
THE HAGLER INSTITUTE B R O A D L Y E L E VA T E S T H E R E P U TAT I O N O F T E X AS A & M BY:
The implications for the academic environment at Texas A&M are astounding. In essence, each year the Hagler Institute injects new academic excellence into a variety of fields of study at the University. The impact of the Hagler Institute on academic excellence will advance at a pace determined by donor support and by the participation of each college as reflected in Faculty Fellow nominations.
•
connecting A&M faculty and students with recognized scholars from across the United States and, thus far, eleven other countries
•
fostering advanced problemsolving, research, and publications
•
increasing external research funding—already $43 million as of early 2019—through efforts of current and former Faculty Fellows
•
attracting additional worldclass scholars to Texas A&M’s faculty as a by-product of their in-residence visits, some using funds from the Governor’s University Research Initiative and the Chancellor’s Research Initiative
•
attracting new outstanding faculty and students by providing a unique intellectual atmosphere
JON L. H AGLER ’ 58 A 1958 graduate of Texas A&M University, Jon L. Hagler is recognized nationally as a leader in investment management as well as philanthropy. In 1984, he and wife Jo Ann founded the Jon L. Hagler Foundation, a private, independent foundation that has served as a financial supporter of Texas A&M as well as multiple philanthropic efforts across the nation. Hagler has shown an interest in supporting overarching initiatives to elevate Texas A&M’s academic stature and long-term success. He is highly regarded and respected at the University for both his leadership and his contributions that have spanned decades. Texas A&M recognized Hagler with an honorary doctorate in 2015 and with the 2005 Sterling C. Evans Medal for his dedication to philanthropy in supporting Texas A&M. He was named a Texas A&M Distinguished Alumnus in 1999 and is a past member of the Board of Directors of The Association of Former Students. His many contributions include serving as a chair of the executive committee of the “One Spirit, One Vision Campaign” from 2000 to 2006; co-chairing the University’s 1999 strategic planning initiative, “Vision 2020: Creating a Culture of Excellence”; serving as past chairman and trustee emeritus of the Texas A&M Foundation Board of Trustees; and being the lead donor of the Texas A&M Foundation’s campus headquarters named in his honor.
PHOTO: Texas A&M Foundation
Hagler received his bachelor’s degree in agricultural economics in 1958 from Texas A&M. He was Corps of Cadets commander during his senior year and served as a Ross Volunteer. He earned an MBA from Harvard University in 1963.
T he I nstitute
Hagler has provided valuable leadership as a member of the Institute’s External Advisory Board since its formation and has— through his generosity—helped ensure that the Institute will forever be a part of Texas A&M.
7
FACULTY ADVISORY BOARD
3 of 9 T H R E E O F T H E N I N E S E AT S O N T H E FA C U LT Y A D V I S O R Y B OA R D A R E C H O S E N BY T H E UNIVERSITY’S PROVOST AND THE VICE PRESIDENT FOR RESEARCH. THE REMAINING S I X S E AT S A R E C H O S E N B Y T H E E L E C T O R AT E F R O M AMONG ITS MEMBERS.
Each year, the Faculty Advisory Board reviews all Faculty Fellow nominations submitted.
2020
Board Members’ terms expire on November 30.
Ignacio Rodriguez-Iturbe
The Board ensures that the nominees: 1. have obtained prominence in their chosen fields 2. have made major contributions to those fields 3. possess outstanding mentorship qualities
Ronald DeVore
University Distinguished Professor College of Science
Marcia Ory
University Distinguished Professor School of Public Health University Distinguished Professor Emeritus College of Engineering
2021
Joe Feagin
University Distinguished Professor College of Liberal Arts
Marlan O. Scully
University Distinguished Professor Institute for Quantum Science & Engineering
James E. Womack
University Distinguished Professor Emeritus College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences
2022
Murray Barrick
University Distinguished Professor Mays Business School
Fuller Bazer
University Distinguished Professor College of Agriculture & Life Sciences
Karen L. Wooley
University Distinguished Professor College of Science
8
EXTERNAL ADVISORY BOARD Norman R. Augustine
Former Under Secretary, US Army Former Chair and CEO, Lockheed Martin Former President, National Academy of Engineering Committee Chair, Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future National Medal of Technology University of Warwick Distinguished Lecturer
VICE CHAIR
Ray M. Bowen
Distinguished Visiting Professor, Rice University Former President, Texas A&M University Former Chair, National Science Board Former Division Director and Deputy Director, National Science Foundation
Jon L. Hagler
Former Director, GMO Former Chairman, Texas A&M Foundation Board of Trustees Former Co-Chair, Texas A&M’s Vision 2020 Planning Initiative Sterling C. Evans Medal, The Texas A&M Foundation Distinguished Alumnus, Association of Former Students, Texas A&M University Honorary Doctor of Letters, Texas A&M University
Former Executive Vice President, Southwest Research Institute National Academy of Engineering American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) ASME Medal Recipient AIAA Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Award
Susan R. Bailey
Partner, Fort Worth Allergy and Asthma Associates President-elect, American Medical Association Regent Emerita, The Texas A&M University System Distinguished Fellow, American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Distinguished Alumna, Texas A&M University Former President, Texas Medical Association
Institute Professor and Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Former Secretary of the Air Force National Academy of Engineering American Academy of Arts and Sciences American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Former President, AAAS Member, Columbia Accident Investigation Board
Herbert H. Richardson
Chancellor Emeritus, The Texas A&M University System Director Emeritus, Texas A&M Transportation Institute University Distinguished Professor Emeritus, Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University National Academy of Engineering ASME Rufus Oldenburger Medal
Ray Rothrock
H. Norman Abramson
Sheila E. Widnall
Chairman and CEO, RedSeal Inc. Venrock, Partner Emeritus Forbes Midas List Former Chair, National Venture Capital Association MIT Corp., Member UTIMCO, Vice Chairman Distinguished Alumnus, Texas A&M Director, Checkpoint Software Technology Ltd. Director, Roku Inc. Trustee, Carnegie Institute of Science Director, Nuclear Threat Initiative
Ronald L. Skaggs
Chairman Emeritus and CEO, HKS Inc., Architects/Engineers/Planners President, American Institute of Architects (AIA) Chancellor, AIA College of Fellows Board Chairman and Vice Chair, National Institute of Building Sciences National Academy of Construction Distinguished Alumnus, Association of Former Students, Texas A&M University Distinguished Visiting Professor, Rice University Former President, Texas A&M University Former Chair, National Science Board Former Division Director and Deputy Director, National Science Foundation
EMERITUS MEMBERS
Anita K. Jones
Professor Emerita, University of Virginia Former Director, Defense Research and Engineering, US Department of Defense National Academy of Engineering Committee Member, Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future Former Vice Chair, National Science Board
Linda P. B. Katehi
Professor, Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University Former Chancellor, Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis National Academy of Engineering American Academy of Arts and Sciences Alexander von Humboldt Research Award
V. Lane Rawlins
President Emeritus, University of North Texas Former President, Washington State University Former President, University of Memphis NCAA Board of Directors
T he I nstitute
CHAIR
9
STAFF 1. John L. Junkins
Founding Director University Distinguished Professor Department of Aeorospace Engineering College of Engineering
2. Ed Fry
1
Deputy Director Associate Department Head for Development Department of Physics and Astronomy College of Science
3. Jason Penry
Assistant Vice President for Special Projects Texas A&M Foundation
4. Clifford L. Fry Associate Director
5. Amanda Scott Assistant Director
10
2
3
4
5
HAGLER INSTITUTE
ADVOCATES Norman R. Augustine
Christopher Layne
Herbert H. Richardson
Miroslav Begovic
Frank Little
Jess C. (Rick) Rickman III ’70
Jason A. Blackstone ’99
Carolyn S. Lohman
Ignacio and Mercedes Rodriguez
Ray M. Bowen ’58
Joanne Lupton
B. Don Russell ’70
Jean-Louis and Janet Briaud
George J. Mann
Stephanie W. Sale
Bill E. Carter ’69
Richard and Susan Miles
William S. Saric and Helen L. Reed
Jerry S. Cox ’72
William J. Merrell Jr. ’71
Thomas R. Saving
John L. Crompton ’77
Charles R. Munnerlyn ’62
Marlan O. Scully
Ronald A. DeVore
Elaine S. and Daniel Oran
Les E. Shephard ’77
Edward S. Fry
Marcia Ory
James M. Singleton IV ’66
J. Rick Giardino
Alan and Wanda Needleman
Ronald L. Skaggs ’65
Melbern G. Glasscock ’59
H. Joseph Newton
Michael L. Slack ’73
William C. Hearn ’63
Gerald R. North
Christine A. Stanley ’90
Rodney C. Hill
Erle A. Nye ’59
Karen and Mark Wooley
M. Cynthia Hipwell
Stratos and Maria Zarari-Pistikopoulos
James E. Womack
Michael A. Hitt Carl F. Jaedicke ’73
George and Marilyn Pharr
Antony Jameson
Thomas W. Powell ’62
Linda P. B. Katehi
J.N. and Aruna Reddy
“Congratulations to John Junkins for another extraordinary year of work on the Hagler Institute.” MICHAEL K. YOUNG
T he I nstitute
President Texas A&M University
11
ADMINISTR ATIVE COUNCIL CHAIR
Carol A. Fierke
Provost and Executive Vice President Texas A&M University
VICE CHAIR
Mark A. Barteau
Vice President for Research Texas A&M University
Robert Ahdieh
Dean and holder of the Dean and Anthony G. Buzbee Endowed Dean’s Chair School of Law
John August
Interim Dean School of Public Health
Karen Butler-Purry
Associate Provost for Graduate and Professional Studies Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering
Clare Gill
Executive Associate Dean and Associate Dean for Research Professor, Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture & Life Sciences
Eleanor Green
Carl B. King Dean of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences
Valen Johnson
Dean University Distinguished Professor and Head Department of Statistics College of Science
Eli Jones
Dean Professor and Lowry and Peggy Mays Eminent Scholar Department of Marketing Mays Business School
Dimitris Lagoudas
Associate Vice Chancellor and Deputy Director Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station The Texas A&M University System Senior Associate Dean for Research and holder, John and Bea Slattery Chair University Distinguished Professor Department of Aerospace Engineering College of Engineering
Pamela Matthews Dean Professor College of Liberal Arts
12
Andrew Morriss
Dean Vice President of Entrepreneurship and Economic Development School of Innovation
Fred Nafukho
Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs Professor, Department of Educational Administration and Human Resources College of Education and Human Development
Ken Ramos
Executive Director, Texas A&M Institute of Biosciences and Technology Professor and holder of the Alkek Chair of Medical Genetics Texas A&M College of Medicine Associate Vice President for Research Texas A&M University Health Science Center Assistant Vice Chancellor for Health Services The Texas A&M University System
Jerry R. Strawser
Vice President for Finance and Operations and Chief Financial Officer Division of Finance and Operations Holder of the KPMG Chair, Department of Accounting Mays Business School
Debbie Thomas
Dean Professor, Department of Oceanography College of Geosciences
Jorge Vanegas
Dean Professor, Department of Architecture College of Architecture
Mark A. Welsh III
Dean and Executive Professor Holder of the Edward & Howard Kruse Endowed Chair Bush School of Government and Public Service
Tyson Voelkel
President Texas A&M Foundation
FACULTY
“It’s impossible to describe the impact of the Hagler Faculty Fellows in a few sentences. It has attracted truly world class scholars to Texas A&M University across a wide range of disciplines: the arts, humanities, architecture, engineering, science, business, law, medicine.” MARK A. BARTEAU Vice President for Research Texas A&M University
THE IMPACT One hallmark of a great university is to offer opportunities for its students to work with the world’s finest academic minds and for its faculty to conduct transformational research to benefit humankind. Faculty Fellows collaborate with Texas A&M’s own stellar faculty–researchers and rising stars among the University’s junior faculty and graduate students. Through those collaborations, participants have a chance to fundamentally enhance their career options. During their time on campus, Faculty Fellows engage in intense research. They set goals with faculty members, interact with students, and present lectures within their host colleges. In addition, one Faculty Fellow is chosen each semester to present the Eminent Scholar Lecture. That annual influx of talent enriches our intellectual atmosphere, enhances the quality of our programs, accelerates solutions to difficult research problems, and heightens Texas A&M’s reputation as a top-tier research university.
14
Although the Institute is not designed to recruit permanent faculty, the time in residence gives Faculty Fellows a valuable look at the opportunities and research facilities of this great institution.
9 of 70
SCHOLARS IN THE FIRST EIGHT C L AS S E S H AVE C H O S E N TO JO I N T E X AS A & M ’ S P E R M A N E N T FA C U LT Y: 1.
Harold Adams RKTL International
2.
Leif Andersson Uppsala University, Sweden
3.
the late Christodoulos Floudas Princeton University
4.
the late Karl Hedrick University of California, Berkeley
5.
Roger Howe Yale University
6.
James E. Hubbard University of Maryland
7.
Robert Kennicutt Jr. University of Cambridge, England
8.
Alan Needleman University of North Texas
9.
Robert Skelton University of California, San Diego
20 1 2 1 1 24 NOBEL PRIZE
A C A D E M Y A WA R D
I N T E R N AT I O N A L ACADEMIES
N AT I O N A L A C A D E M Y OF SCIENCES
HUBBELL MEDAL IN LITERACY SCHOLARSHIP
1
WOLF PRIZE
1
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR ARCHITECTURE
1
NATIONAL MEDAL OF SCIENCE
NATIONAL
INSTITUTE FOR ARCHITECTURE
1
S TAT E P R I Z E OF RUSSIA
4
26
N AT I O N A L A C A D E M Y OF MEDICINE
1
N AT I O N A L A C A D E M Y OF ENGINEERING
NATIONAL HUMANITIES MEDAL
1
N AT I O N A L M E D A L OF TECHNOLOGY A N D I N N O VA T I O N
15
FA C U LT Y F E L L O W S B Y Y E A R
2012-2020
KATHLEEN C. HOWELL Purdue University West Lafayette, IN
William G. Unruh University of British Columbia, Canada
Michael J. Duff Imperial College London, England
SHARON M. DONOVAN The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana-Champaign, IL
PETER W. SHOR Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA
MISHA LYUBICH Stony Brook University Stony Brook, NY
PETER J. HOTEZ Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX
EDWIN “NED” THOMAS Rice University Houston, TX
LUIZ DAVIDOVICH Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
2012–2013
2016–2017
2013–2014
2017–2018
2014–2015
2018–2019
2015–2017
2019–2020
16
MARIO ANDRÉS HAMUY Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy Chile
HENRY RUSSO French National Centre for Scientific Research, France
T he I nstitute
17
RECRUITMENT During its first eight years, the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study has brought seventy Faculty Fellows to Texas A&M University. The composition of the Faculty Fellows mirrors that of nominees from the colleges. Figure 1 shows the number of nominees from each college or school that the Institute received in its first eight years, the number of those nominees approved for recruiting, and the number of those approved who then were recruited. Each college or school’s participation in the Hagler Institute’s mission is best measured by the number of its nominations. Each college and school may submit 2.5 nominations per call for nominations (the half arising when two colleges share a nominee’s time on campus). Because the number of nominating slots is not linked to college size, that system favors smaller colleges.
18
Nominees must hold the equivalent of at least national academy–level stature in their discipline. Because not all fields have such academies, the Faculty Advisory Board always conducts “apples versus oranges” comparisons across disciplines. The chart, however, shows that the Institute has developed a rigorous process to evaluate nominees that does not discriminate against disciplines that lack national academies. The chart shows that most colleges, even those without national academies, such as Liberal Arts and Mays Business School, are submitting high-quality nominations as measured by the high proportion of nominees approved for recruitment. Figure 1 shows that the colleges of science and engineering have attracted the most Faculty Fellows. That outcome is a result of those colleges’ significantly greater number of nominations. Because not all colleges are the same size, the graph of actual nominations and recruits gives a potentially misleading picture of the propensity of colleges to participate in the Institute. The four largest colleges are engineering, liberal arts, agriculture and life sciences, and science. Smaller colleges typically have fewer resources with which to pay Faculty Fellows.
FIGURE 1
Despite its many nominations, the College of Engineering is slightly below average in its number of nominations because of its large size and the limits on nominations allowed per college. The School of Law is far above average in its nominations because of its smaller size and fewer years of eligibility to nominate, as well as its many submitted nominations. Of the large colleges, liberal arts and agriculture and life sciences are below average in their participation in the Hagler Institute.
4%
Architecture
4%
Bush School
1%
Business
3%
Education and Human Development
3%
Engineering
31 %
Marine Sciences, TAMU at Galveston
1%
Geosciences
4%
Medicine
2%
Innovation
0%
Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering
3%
Law
6%
Liberal Arts
6%
Public Health
2%
Science
26 %
Veterinary Medicine
1
9.5
7.5
2.5
Appointed Faculty Fellows
9
3 2.5 2.5 2.5
Approved Nominations
7 7
2
Total Nominations
7.2 6.2
2
28
22
30
1 1 1 6.5 6.5
3
0
4.5 4.5
1.5 1.9 1.9
2
4 4 9.3
4.5 8
4 2.5 1.5
11.3
9
4.5
29
18
4%
2.5 0
5
8
32
10
10
15
20
25
30
35
F I G U R E 2 : N O M I N AT I O N S N O R M A L I Z E D B Y S I Z E O F C O L L E G E A N D Y E A R S T O N O M I N AT E
250.00 200.00 150.00 100.00 50.00 0.00
T he I nstitute
Figure 2 normalizes the number of nominations by size of college, as measured by the number of tenured and tenure-track faculty and the number of years that each has been eligible to nominate. Colleges with normalized values exceeding 100 have submitted an above-average number of nominations for their size and the time they have been eligible to nominate. Colleges with values lower than 100 are nominating lower than the average given the number of faculty in that college.
Agriculture
19
HOW FACULTY FELLOWS ARE CHOSEN Texas A&M faculty members nominate candidates for Faculty Fellows. The Institute motivates professors to often ask, “Who is the most important scholar in my field that I might nominate as a Faculty Fellow?” The fields, specialties, and all other aspects of the resulting annual cohorts of Faculty Fellows ultimately depend on faculty members’ desires and each college’s emphasis on enhancing its excellence by using the Hagler Institute. The Institute fosters collaborations between faculty and students and scholars from across the United States and around the world. For example, the first eight classes included Faculty Fellows from eleven other countries. To promote collaboration, the Institute requests that each Faculty Fellow be in residence from three months to one year, and it offers flexibility in scheduling those visits. Over the last two years, the average Faculty Fellow was in residence for more than six months over a three-year period. The Institute chooses Faculty Fellows through a rigorous evaluation process, by: •
providing two nomination slots per college and one nomination shared by colleges for each call for nominations, and one nomination for each Hagler Institute College Chair
•
inviting all faculty members to confidentially nominate scholars they would like to work with, scholars who meet the Institute’s standards, and scholars approved for recruiting by the pertinent college’s dean
•
considering for Faculty Fellow appointments only scholars or leaders who have made outstanding achievements in their field, have earned top professional awards, are active, and have a record as an excellent mentor
•
relying on a revolving panel of multidisciplinary University Distinguished Professors to evaluate and decide which confidential nominees will be recruited as a Faculty Fellow
Once a Faculty Fellow is recruited, the Hagler Institute pays 70 percent of that Fellow’s salary and provides two $30,000 fellowships for graduate students to work with the Faculty Fellow.
20
HOWDY howdy 2012-2019
FACULTY FELLOWS Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
Professor Department of Physics and Materials Science University of São Paulo and the Institute of Physics of São Carlos Brazil RESEARCH: Laser cooling, trapping neutral atoms, and applying the principles of optics and lasers in health sciences.
Michael J. Duff
Emeritus Professor of Theoretical Physics Senior Research Investigator Imperial College London RESEARCH: Quantum gravity, quantum informatics, string theory, M-theory, and unified theories of the elementary particles.
Yonggang Huang
Walter P. Murphy Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University RESEARCH: Mechanics of stretchable materials and additive manufacturing.
Cameron Jones
Professor and holder of the R.L. Martin Distinguished Chair of Chemistry Monash University Melbourne, Australia RESEARCH: Facets of chemistry to refine existing views on structure, bonding, and stability.
Stefan H.E. Kaufmann
Head, Department of Immunology Founding Director Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology Germany RESEARCH: Vaccines for tuberculosis.
H. Vincent Poor
Michael Henry Strater University Professor Electrical Engineering Princeton University RESEARCH: Advancing rapid development of technology.
Robert D. Putnam
Peter and Isabel Malkin Research Professor of Public Policy Kennedy School of Government Harvard University RESEARCH: Religion in society, the fall and revival of American community, and opportunity gaps.
Andrea Rinaldo
Professor of Hydrology and Water Resources Director, Laboratory of Ecohydrology École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland RESEARCH: Theory of self-organized fractal river networks and efficient transportation networks.
William G. Unruh
Professor of Physics University of British Columbia RESEARCH: General relativity and refining the foundations of quantum mechanics in relation to black holes.
2017–2018
Vijay K. Dhir
University of California, Los Angeles National Academy of Engineering Lifetime Achievement Award International Conference on Computational and Experimental Engineering RESEARCH: Fundamental and applied sciences involving boiling
Richard A. Dixon
University of North Texas National Academy of Sciences GP Scientific Prize Groupe Polyphenois RESEARCH: Metabolic engineering of plants
Richard A. Epstein
New York University School of Law American Academy of Arts and Sciences Bradley Prize Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation RESEARCH: Legal theory property, torts, and employment
Tom Ginsburg
University of Chicago American Academy of Arts and Sciences Tribeca Disruptive Innovation Award RESEARCH: Multidisciplinary social scientific analysis to comparative constitutional law
James E. Hubbard Jr.
University of Maryland National Academy of Engineering Lifetime Achievement Award Society of Photonics and Instrumentation Engineers RESEARCH: Designs, develops, and defines the state of the art in robotic platforms
T he I nstitute
2018–2019
21
FA C U LT Y F E L L O W S
CONT.
Thomas J. Stipanowich
Pepperdine University American College of Commercial Arbitrators (founding fellow) D’Alemberte-Raven Award and Lawyer as a Problem Solver Award American Bar Association RESEARCH: Commercial arbitration and dispute resolution
Jerry Tessendorf
Clemson University Academy Award for Technical Achievement Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Thirty-nine Feature Film Credits RESEARCH: Fluid simulations in computer graphics for motion pictures
2016–2017
Christopher C. Cummins
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Ludwig Mond Award, Royal Society of Chemistry American Academy of Arts and Sciences RESEARCH: Synthetic chemistry, inorganic synthesis methodology
Ingrid Daubechies
Duke University National Academy of Engineering National Academy of Sciences RESEARCH: Wavelets, mathematical methods
Gerald Galloway
University of Maryland National Academy of Public Administration National Academy of Engineering RESEARCH: Civil engineering, flood plain management
Huajian Gao
Brown University National Academy of Engineering William Prager Medal, Society of Engineering Science RESEARCH: Mechanical and biological engineering
22
Maryellen Giger
The University of Chicago National Academy of Engineering Academic Career Achievement Award, Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society RESEARCH: Computer-aided diagnosis, digital signal and image processing
Robert Kennicutt Jr.
University of Cambridge National Academy of Sciences American Academy of Arts and Sciences RESEARCH: Astronomy, star formation and galaxies
2015–2016
W. David Arnett
University of Arizona National Academy of Sciences Henry Norris Russell Lectureship, American Astronomical Society RESEARCH: Theoretical astrophysics, supernovae, and stellar astronomy
John T. Brosnan
Memorial University of Newfoundland Canadian Academy of Health Sciences Royal Society of Canada RESEARCH: Amino acid biochemistry
Charles E. Kolb
Robert A. Calderbank
V. Kumar
Richard Delgado
William M. Sage
Richard Gibbs
Thomas S. Ulen
J. Karl Hedrick
Aerodyne Research Inc. National Academy of Engineering American Association for the Advancement of Science RESEARCH: Atmospheric chemistry, air quality, and climate
Georgia State University Don Lehmann Awards (4), American Marketing Association Paul H. Root Awards (3), Marketing Science Institute RESEARCH: Marketing research methods, customer relationship management
The University of Texas at Austin National Academy of Medicine The Academy of Medicine, Engineering and Science of Texas RESEARCH: Law, national health care reform
University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign Honorary Doctorate, Katholieke Universeit Leuven, Belgium Board of Directors (Founding Member), American Law and Economics Association RESEARCH: Law, economics, legal, scholarship, and legal education
Duke University National Academy of Engineering American Mathematical Society RESEARCH: Computer science, electrical engineering, and mathematics
The University of Alabama School of Law Gustavus Myers Awards for Outstanding Book on Human Rights in North America (6) American Library Association, Choice Outstanding Academic Book RESEARCH: Critical race theory, law
Baylor College of Medicine National Academy of Medicine The Academy of Medicine, Engineering and Science of Texas RESEARCH: Genome science, human molecular evolution
University of California, Berkeley National Academy of Engineering RESEARCH: Nonlinear control theory, automotive control systems
Richard Holm
Harvard University National Academy of Sciences American Academy of Arts and Sciences RESEARCH: Bioinorganic chemistry
Faculty Fellows are recruited for visiting appointments that will last from three to twelve months, and may be spread over multiple years.
University of Colorado National Academy of Engineering American Meteorological Society American Geophysical Union RESEARCH: Atmospheric and space physics
Steve Polasky
University of Minnesota National Academy of Sciences American Academy of Arts and Sciences RESEARCH: Ecological/environmental economics
John A. Rogers
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign National Academy of Engineering National Academy of Sciences RESEARCH: Materials science and engineering
Manfred Schartl
University of Würzburg, Germany Leopoldina, National Academy of Sciences of Germany Prince Hitachi Prize, Comparative Oncology, Japan RESEARCH: Biology, genetics
Kumares Sinha
Purdue University National Academy of Engineering Honorary Member, American Society of Civil Engineers RESEARCH: Civil engineering
Susan Suleiman
Harvard University Invited Shapiro Senior Scholar-in-Residence, Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies, Holocaust Memorial Museum Officer of the Order of Academic Palms (Palmes Académiques), France RESEARCH: Twentieth-century French literature
2014–2015
Harold Adams
RTKL Associates Inc. American Institute of Architects (AIA) Kemper Award, AIA RESEARCH: Architecture and building construction
Rakesh Agrawal
Robert Skelton
University of California, San Diego National Academy of Engineering Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers RESEARCH: Systems and aerospace engineering
2013–2014
Purdue University National Academy of Engineering National Medal of Technology and Innovation RESEARCH: Chemical engineering, invention
Leif Andersson
Jack Dongarra
Satya Atluri
University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory National Academy of Engineering American Association for the Advancement of Science RESEARCH: Computational mathematics
William Marras
The Ohio State University National Academy of Engineering American Association for the Advancement of Science International Ergonomics Association RESEARCH: Ergonomics and occupational health
Ed Moses
Giant Magellan Telescope Organization National Academy of Engineering RESEARCH: Fusion energy, high-power laser physics
Yuri Oganessian
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia Russian Academy of Sciences State Prize from the President of Russia (1975 and 2010) RESEARCH: Nuclear physics
Uppsala University, Sweden Wolf Prize in Agriculture Foreign Associate Member, National Academy of Sciences (US) RESEARCH: Animal genetics
University of California, Irvine National Academy of Engineering European Academy of Sciences RESEARCH: Mechanical and aerospace engineering
Claude Bouchard
Louisiana State University American Association for the Advancement of Science Member, Order of Canada RESEARCH: Genetics and nutrition
Christodoulos Floudas
Princeton University National Academy of Engineering RESEARCH: Chemical and biological engineering
Roy Glauber
Harvard University Nobel Prize in Physics National Academy of Sciences RESEARCH: Quantum physics
Roger Howe
Yale University National Academy of Sciences American Academy of Arts and Sciences RESEARCH: Mathematics
T he I nstitute
Michael King
23
FA C U LT Y F E L L O W S
CONT. Robert Levine
University of Maryland Jay B. Hubbell Medal for Lifetime Achievement in American Literary Scholarship Outstanding Book Award, Choice Magazine RESEARCH: Literary and comparative studies
Wolfgang Schleich
Ulm University, Germany Academia Europaea Austrian Academy of Sciences RESEARCH: Theoretical and quantum physics
Peter Stang
University of Utah National Academy of Sciences American Academy of Arts and Sciences National Medal of Science RESEARCH: Organic chemistry  
Aleda Roth
Clemson University Distinguished Fellow, Manufacturing and Service Operations Management Society Fellow, Decision Sciences Institute Fellow, Production and Operations Management Society RESEARCH: Global supply chain management
Vernon Smith
Chapman University Nobel Prize in Economics National Academy of Sciences American Academy of Arts and Sciences RESEARCH: Experimental economics
Katepalli Sreenivasan
New York University National Academy of Sciences National Academy of Engineering American Academy of Arts and Sciences RESEARCH: Mechanical engineering
2 0 1 2–2 0 1 3
Jay Dunlap
Dartmouth College National Academy of Sciences American Association for the Advancement of Science RESEARCH: Genetics, biochemistry
Peter Liss
University of East Anglia, UK Fellow, Royal Society Academia Europaea Commander of the Order of the British Empire RESEARCH: Environmental sciences
Alan Needleman
University of North Texas National Academy of Engineering American Academy of Arts and Sciences Timoshenko Medal, American Society of Mechanical Engineers RESEARCH: Materials science and engineering
24
24
26
JERRY TESSENDORF
Simulating Reality
32
TOM GINSBURG
Studying Constitutions Scientifically
38
ROBERT CAULDERBANK
The Emerging Field of Quantum Engineering
“I think having these Eminent Scholars in our college has really increased collaboration and research on very important topics.” JOYCE ALEXANDER Professor and Dean, College of Education & Human Development
26 FEATURED ARTICLE
TESSENDORF
l t
Physical reality is complex. Events happening on scales as small as 10–20 inches, and smaller, are connected to events as big as 1020 inches. Remarkably, modern physics can encapsulate most of that enormity of activity within a small collection of equations for the rules of engagement. Having those equations at our disposal has not yet made it easy to understand the everyday things we do and experience. The application of those detailed rules to everyday experience has been accomplished in only very few circumstances. Instead, simpler rules that are approximations of the detailed rules have been successfully developed and applied to many engineering, scientific, and creative efforts.
2017–18 Hagler Faculty Fellow Professor Department of Visual Computing School of Computing Clemson University
A growing application of rules is to encode them in computerbased simulation and “play out” the consequences when they are applied to specific circumstances. Simulation results can help clarify the working of complex instruments, such as engineering designs for sophisticated devices,1 the complex interconnections of massive equipment that measures exotic physics such as gravitational waves, 2 or algorithms for processing remotely sensed images to track the impacts of climate change. 3 In the extreme, arguments exist that the entire universe is describable with a computer simulation, 4 or at least just pure mathematics. 5 Even everyday activities such as clothing design, marketing,6 and culinary plateware design7 benefit from computerbased simulations. The feature film and TV industry is a major adopter and adapter of simulation tools. The computer
graphics in the movies, TV shows, and streamed online content are extremely sophisticated. The common viewer experience is of over-the-top violence and catastrophes, fantastic worlds, and creatures that have never existed. Even while viewers can suspend their disbelief and enjoy the show, no doubt remains about the origin of these things in computer graphics. But that is not the sole use of computer graphic simulations in these productions. The real sky that happened during production is replaced with a preferable computer-graphic one. Buildings are remade or created to match the period or other needs of a story. Clothing and hair are applied to actors who wore motion-capture and facial-capture equipment during their performance. Animals are added to a scene.8 Many of these are common practice yet so sophisticated that expert practitioners sometimes have trouble distinguishing reality from computer graphics.9
S imulating R eality
JERRY TESSENDORF
27
FEATURED ARTICLE
TESSENDORF 28
These creative uses of simulations can differ from scientific and engineering uses because the intended outcome is different. The creative process is focused on telling a particular story, and simulation is intended to support that storytelling. Many stories pointedly differ from reality, and so the simulation may need to
The application of simulations to creative efforts has generated new tools and ideas on how to approach simulation and how to build elements suitable for simulation. Their essential feature is that they help make the simulation more flexible and “directable,” providing some level of control over the simulation while
emphatically not a reduction of scientific standards or quality in research but rather the adaptation of some specific lessons from the creative community in service of scientific and engineering goals. Here we highlight the following lessons: generalize parameters, generalize rules, and brute-force solution finding. All of them
follow the story lead accordingly. The creative industry has found creative approaches to using both realistic and unrealistic simulations to accomplish its needs. Twentyfive years ago, simulations were not part of computer graphics in this industry, whereas today they dominate every aspect of graphics in the industry. Water, smoke, atmosphere, clouds, grass and foliage, snow, crowd motion and behavior, hair, clothing, pollen, storms, tissue, muscle movement, and skin are today all routine subjects of complex simulations that have realistic behavior and appearance. The process of creating imagery of these phenomena, called rendering, has become a sophisticated simulation. Twenty-five years ago, rendering was a basic operation that worked because of flexible ways of inserting artistic influence. Today, rendering software employs accurate science and accurately simulates the propagation of light throughout a scene composed of an enormous collection of 3D elements, while still allowing occasional artistic influence to allow deviations from reality in service of story.
preserving other aspects of the simulation. For example, the movie Life of Pi depicts the developing relationship between a tiger and a young man while they are marooned at sea in a lifeboat. But the director of the movie, Ang Lee, emphasized during production that the story has a third character: the sea. For that point of view, the software development team at the visual effects company, Rhythm and Hues, developed additional tools and controls that respected the physical representation of the ocean surface while providing the artist with options for selecting conditions that met the need to have the ocean’s surface contribute to the story’s emotional content. These tools and controls included new image processing techniques that analyzed footage of the ocean to extract information that could drive the simulation.
rely on adapting a commonly used paradigm in science and engineering—when searching for answers to questions, look for them as analogs of other scientific or engineering solutions. This paradigm tolerates only minor conceptual deviations from established knowledge, and those deviations must eventually be confirmed by experiments. It is extremely rational and successful but sometimes requires patience and time developing the evolution of ideas to arrive at the solution. Through the use of creativeoriginating tools, the deviations can be more extreme and sometimes not “scientific” at all. Yet they are still subject to the same scientific confirmation of the outcome. Solutions arrive faster with this approach, but they have a larger burden of proof for scientific validity.
Although simulations, originating in scientific and engineering applications, have been extensively integrated into—and modified by—creative applications, in recent years the creative experience has begun to find some value in science and engineering. This trend is
GENERALIZE PA R A M E T E R S Algorithms implemented in simulations contain parameters that set the scope and scale of the subject of the simulation. Some of the parameters are fundamental constants, such as the
Simulated reality for storytelling: on the top is a moment from the film Life of Pi, a story about a young man and a tiger struggling to survive while marooned at sea. On the bottom is that moment as it was filmed at a purpose-built pool. All of the elements of the live action scene at the pool were replaced with computer graphic simulations, with the exception of the actor, the lifeboat, and the rope. Copyright 2012 Fox 2000
is initialized at the start of the simulation independently of the other instances. At the outset of a simulation run, setting all these to a single value restores the traditional behavior, putting a new responsibility on the simulation user to make sure these multiple instances are set to the same value. But when it comes time to investigate new ideas, the flexibility to give each instance a different value can sometimes provide freedom to investigate beyond the usual boundaries. It is highly unlikely that it will turn out to be useful to give the speed of light a different value, but the essence of
this lesson is to cultivate a habit of always opening up flexibility in setting parameters to prepare for future options that are illdefined or not defined at all while the simulation code is under development.
GENERALIZE RULES Generalizing rules is an argument for designing simulation software in a modular form that both isolates modules from each other, and ties them together. Similar to the lesson above about providing flexibility in setting parameters, here it is important to provide flexibility in choosing each of the
S imulating R eality
speed of light in a vacuum or the gravitational constant. Some of the parameters are less fundamental quantities that are part of “reduced� models of complex phenomena, such as a bulk modulus or a dielectric coefficient. Each of these parameters can appear at multiple locations within the simulation code, depending on the nature of the algorithms and the design of the software system. The natural approach is to make sure that all these instances of a parameter have the same value. The lesson here is to treat each instance of the parameter as an independent parameter that
29
FEATURED ARTICLE
TESSENDORF
“
TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO, SIMULATIONS WERE NOT PART OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS IN THIS
INDUSTRY, WHEREAS TODAY THEY DOMINATE EVERY ASPECT OF GRAPHICS IN THE INDUSTRY.
A scene from the 2012 Life of Pi, a film that used Tessendorf’s fluid simulation software and earned a 2013 Academy Award for “Best Visual Effects.”
30
specific physical or simulation rules. Doing so requires deeper design considerations than just exposing parameter values. Fortunately, modern computing languages have excellent tools for such flexibility, using tools as diverse as dynamically loaded software modules and custom embedded scripting languages. A highly developed example of this lesson may be found in the many commercial and noncommercial computer graphic systems for rendering images. Renderers commonly are structured to separate the algorithm(s) for propagation of light from the algorithm(s) for the interaction of the light with the surface of the object(s) it shines on. The surface interaction is embodied in a software device called a shader, typically small amounts of programming that encodes the limited task of computing what happens to light shining on the surface. Each shader in a library of shaders can handle different physical situations, such as whether the surface consists of metal, plastic, water, or some other material. A scene composed of many different objects can employ many different shaders to distinguish the materials. The same separation of purpose can be applied broadly in simulation systems for solvers, geometry, boundary conditions, initial conditions, and any other function. At the same time, the separation of functionality cannot function well in complete isolation. Information exchange is crucial between different modules of a renderer or a simulation system. A framework that makes all
aspects of the simulation accessible from any of the modules is valuable and aids in making it feasible to explore new rules within the simulation system.
BRUTE-FORCE SOLUTION FINDING A question or problem posed within a narrow framework is usually relatively easy to answer or solve because the narrow framework constrains the possible answers/solutions. When the framework is broad, constraints may not be apparent and the form of the answer/solution not apparent. The analog approach—trying to express the answer/solution as an analog or metaphor to the answer/solution of another question/problem—is limited when the issue is so ill-defined. The creative industry tackles ill-defined problems with each new project and in several decades of trial and error has settled on a direct, brute-force strategy: survival of the fittest. At the outset of the hunt for a solution, multiple teams work searching for the answer. Each team works independently, choosing its own path toward a solution. At frequent check-ins, each team reports on its status and what it has accomplished, and each team may receive notes on the strengths and weaknesses of their work and may be guided in a direction different from how they have been proceeding. The check-in may also reveal that one of the teams is pursuing an approach that is much less likely to succeed than other teams, and the decision is made to terminate that line of work. The team may be reassigned
criteria. Intermediate stages of this process may be less physically realistic as long as the final answer meets the criteria. This approach, examining many candidate solutions or partial steps to solutions, can be much faster than the analog method. The analog method tries to efficiently express the solution in terms similar to solutions of other problems. Assembling just the right analogy and then testing its relevance can take great effort. In survival of the fittest, each incremental step of solutions has little value beyond its boost to the next step, so abandoning unproductive approaches is relatively painless and advantageous. It is expected that most approaches will ultimately be abandoned, and doing so is lightweight and a sign that progress is being made. This survival-of-the-fittest concept is not necessarily new or surprising to people outside the creative industry. The lesson here is that the creative industry has demonstrated that the approach is an efficient and effective method of problem-solving, much more so than would be expected in most circumstances. Admittedly, many
problems are best solved by analog methods, and survival of the fittest is ill-suited to them. Survival of the fittest is best suited to problems that have ill-defined expression of the problem, or ill-constructed constraints, and such problems are more and more common in science and engineering research.
1.
For example, the ANSYS simulation product: www.ansys.com/ Resource-Library.
2.
https://gwic.ligo.org/simulations/
3.
www.frontiersin.org/ articles/10.3389/fmars.2019.00521/ full
4.
Stephen Wolfram, A New Kind of Science, Wolfram Media (2002)
5.
Max Tegmark, Our Mathematical Universe: My Quest for the Ultimate Nature of Reality, Vintage Books (2014)
6.
www.avametric.com
7.
www.allenhemberger.com alinea/2013/05/tessendorf-plate
8.
www.mtv.com/news/2813938 /life-of-pi-tiger-cgi-or-real/
9.
An excellent discussion of the balance of reality and computer graphics in movie storytelling: https://filmmakeriq.com/2015/02/ the-invisible-vfx-of-the-trumanshow/
Recognized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in 2008 for technical achievement, Jerry Tessendorf is known for advancing the use of fluid simulations in computer graphics for motion pictures. Tessendorf has thirty-nine feature film credits, including Waterworld in 1995, Titanic in 1997, Superman Returns in 2006, and The Golden Compass in 2007. His software was used for the 2012 film Life of Pi, which won the 2013 Academy Award for Best Visual Effects. Tessendorf received his doctorate in physics from Brown University. He has held positions with Areté Associates, Texas A&M University, Areté Image Software, Cinesite Digital Studios, Finelight Visual Technologies Inc., and Rhythm and Hues Studios. He shared a Technical Achievement Award from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for the custom fluid dynamics tools developed and used within the studios. In addition to general threedimensional fluid dynamics, he developed algorithms and software for water surface dynamics, volume manipulation and enhancement techniques, volume rendering, geometry tracking and texturing, and the coupling of dynamical systems.
S imulating R eality
to another approach that is based on the approaches that appear more successful at that point. Over many check-in cycles, the approaches examined narrow down to a few, ultimately leaving one that seems to be the best solution. For issues within science and engineering, the best solution has to pass relevant scientific
ABOUT TESSENDORF
Tessendorf directed Clemson’s Digital Production Arts program and now conducts research on new high-quality methods of fluid simulation, for both volumetric and free-surface dynamics, and supervises doctoral students on research into radiative transfer solution methods.
31
FEATURED ARTICLE
GINSBURG
t Constitut STUDYING
SCIENTIFICALLY
In the mid-1780s, James Madison was trying to think through the problem of reorganizing the United States into a viable federal government. He asked his friend Thomas Jefferson, then the US minister to France, to purchase books on historical confederacies. Jefferson sent Madison two trunks of volumes. Madison plunged into his study and published the results of his inquiry as Notes on Ancient and Modern Confederacies in early 1787, just as he prepared to head to the Constitutional Convention. Choosing several examples, from the ancient Greeks to the then-modern Dutch and German federations, Madison undertook a systematic analysis of what he called the “virtues and vices� of each federal system. He reached the conclusion that the chief risk to federations was a weak central government, shaping his proposals at the Philadelphia convention and the history of our country thereafter. Madison reflected the spirit of his
32
age, with its Enlightenment conceit that institutions could be rationally designed through the application of human reason. Though the Founding Fathers were the first to admit that their particular design was imperfect (a point sometimes forgotten in contemporary political debates), they created a system that has both endured and been basically workable on many dimensions. Perhaps their longestlasting contribution was that of the written constitution itself, a form that has proven to be remarkably enduring and successful, at least if emulation is any guide. More than 220 independent countries have produced nearly a thousand discrete constitutions since 1789, with various degrees of success. The number of texts swells further if we include subunits such as states and provinces in federal systems. My academic work has sought to study these documents in a rigorous and social scientific way, using tools from several academic disciplines, including history, law, political economy, and sociology. Those of us working in comparative constitutional studies
like to think that we are following in the footsteps of Madison and his effort to inform constitutional design with comparative data. We seek to understand the origins of constitutional ideas, the process of constitutional formation and change, and the causes and consequences of particular choices made by drafters and interpreters. The field reflects Madison’s confidence that we can use the comparative method to produce generalizable knowledge and to reason our way to normative recommendations that might even have some practical impact. My own intellectual interest in the academic questions was spurred by practical ones. In the early 1990s, just out of college, I was working as a program officer for a US organization called the Asia Foundation. We were contacted by the government of Mongolia, which was just emerging from the Soviet shadow and sought to create a constitutional democracy that protected human rights. My job was to connect a group of young reformers with global experts who could advise in drafting a new
TOM GINSBURG
2017–18 Hagler Faculty Fellow Leo Spitz Professor of International Law Ludwig and Hilde Wolf Research Scholar University of Chicago Law School Professor of Political Science University of Chicago
S tudying C onstitutions S cientifically
io ns
33
FEATURED ARTICLE
GINSBURG
MY JOB WAS TO CONNECT A GROUP OF YOUNG REFORMERS WITH GLOBAL EXPERTS WHO COULD ADVISE IN DRAFTING A NEW CONSTITUTION.
constitution. It was a formative experience, and it followed my own engagement in constitutional design in several other countries around the world. One of the things that struck me in these processes was how little we knew about the effects of different constitutional choices. Advisers would appear and make grand assertions about the way constitutions should be written. Many were familiar only with the constitution of their home jurisdiction and suggested that local drafters adopt similar institutions. US residents, for example, would say that Madison’s design was an ideal one on many issues, notwithstanding the two intervening centuries and very different context. This approach to advice struck me as long on hubris and anecdote and short on actual knowledge.
Where was knowledge to come from? Since Aristotle’s time, political theorists have ruminated on ideal constitutional design, speculating about which institutions will produce desirable social outcomes. But after two millennia of work, we knew little about what makes constitutional democracy and the rule of law sustainable, not to mention many other more detailed questions about the origins and impact of different design choices. To mention a few examples: How did
SOURCE: www.constituteproject.org
34
the Western concept of rights get translated into Japanese during the US occupation? What is the economic impact of adopting parliamentarism instead of presidentialism as a form of government? What determines the frequency of constitutional amendment? Does it matter if a constitution is highly abstract or minutely detailed? Does one mechanism of appointing judges serve to better promote judicial independence than others?
Along with Professor Zachary Elkins, now at the University of Texas, I started the Comparative Constitutions Project at the University of Illinois in 2005. Our approach broke with traditional ways of studying these questions in that we sought to be systematic and comprehensive. We first developed a sample, consisting of the entire universe of constitutions written for independent nation– states since 1789. We gathered the texts of each constitution and all its amendments, creating a corpus
Figure 1 shows how the number of constitutions has expanded. Whereas few countries in existence had written constitutions in the early nineteenth century, by the early twentieth century most countries did—when a new country comes into existence it typically produces a new constitution. This figure also shows that the number of constitutions produced in any given year tends to vary, and they tend to come in waves after great global events, such as world wars or the wave of decolonization in
We then asked several hundred questions about each of these documents, not only about form and structure but also about substance: What kind of political institutions does it set up? What kind of rights did it contain? How was the text to be amended? With support from the National Science Foundation, we made some progress in developing a taxonomy and gathering basic data. We later developed some public-facing projects, including materials for teaching about constitutions in
of several thousand documents.
the 1960s.
schools, an exhibit at the National
25
150
100
50
20
15
10
5
0
0 1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
COUNTRIES IN EXISTENCE COUNTRIES WITH CONSTITUTIONS
NEW CONSTITUTIONS
F I G U R E 1 : C O N S T I T U T I O N S W R I T T E N F O R I N D E P E N D E N T N AT I O N - S TAT E S
S tudying C onstitutions S cientifically
NUMBER OF CONSTITUTIONS
200
35
FEATURED ARTICLE
GINSBURG
RANK
COUNTRY
YEARS
LIFE SPAN SPAN
1
UNITED STATES
1789–
230
2
NORWAY
1814–
205
3
NETHERLANDS
1815–
204
4
BELGIUM
1831–
188
5
SWEDEN
1809–1974
165
6
NEW ZEALAND*
1852–
167
7
CANADA*
1867–
152
8
LUXEMBOURG
1868–
151
9
ARGENTINA
1853–1966; 1983–
ca. 150
10
TONGA
1875–
144
11
LIBERIA
1847–1980
133
12
SWITZERLAND
1847–2000
125
13
AUSTRALIA
1901–
118
14
COLOMBIA
1886–1991
105
15
MEXICO
1917–
102
F I G U R E 2 : C O N S T I T U T I O N S T H AT L A S T AT L E A S T A C E N T U R Y *Indicates a constitution that consists of multiple documents.
Constitution Center in Philadelphia, and a website, Constitute (http://www.constituteproject.org), which built on our taxonomy. We were thinking not just about national publics but also about drafters of new constitutions like my Mongolian friends.
FPO
As we have learned, national constitutions do not last long. Many die in their first few years, and only a few constitutions—fifteen by current count—have made it to the age of one hundred (Figure 2). Our 2009 book, The Endurance of National Constitutions, explored the factors that led some constitutions to last longer than others. Using a model from epidemiology, we analogized to human life spans and showed on average
36
the predicted life expectancy for a national constitution for all countries was a mere nineteen years—surely too short for what we think constitutions ought to do. Unlike human beings, however, the risk of death tends to fall as a constitution grows older. So the chance of Mexico’s constitution being replaced is lower than that of, say, South Sudan, which produced a document upon its independence in 2011. We consider the Comparative Constitutions Project database a kind of laboratory for analyzing questions about constitutions. We have analyzed the constitutional factors that lead judicial independence (protections against removal are particularly
ABOUT GINSBURG
Legal scholar Tom Ginsburg has revolutionized the way we understand the function and content of constitutions in law and society. He is a pioneer in applying multidisciplinary social scientific analysis to comparative law, particularly to comparative constitutional law. His groundbreaking work in that area has been widely recognized as transforming the field.
C O L L A B O R AT I O N S : José Cheibub, Mary Thomas Marshall Professor, Department of Political Science, College of Liberal Arts, Texas A&M University
Ginsburg received a law degree and a doctorate in jurisprudence and social policy, both from the University of California, Berkeley. He served as a legal adviser at the Iran– US Claims Tribunal in The Hague, Netherlands; joined the faculty of the University of Illinois College of Law; and later joined the University of Chicago Law School. Ginsburg is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Honors include the University of Illinois Sheth Award for International Faculty Achievement; Best Dataset Award, American Political Science Association Section on Comparative Democratization for the Comparative Constitutions Project; a Fulbright Award to study at Italy’s University of Trento; and the Tribeca Disruptive Innovation Award.
S tudying C onstitutions S cientifically
important); the factors that determine what goes into constitutions (region and era turn out to be important); the effect of constitutional design on warmaking and secession (the texts make a difference), and how often presidents seek to stay beyond their elected term (about 25 percent of all presidents try to do so). Along with José Cheibub in the College of Liberal Arts, we showed that presidential and parliamentary systems are more similar than one would expect. The research program is ongoing, and many more questions exist that deserve answers. But the hope is that future constitution-makers can follow in Madison’s footsteps in making their choices, informed by a systematic body of academic work that informs institutional design.
He co-directs the Comparative Constitutions Project, an effort funded by the National Science Foundation to gather and analyze the constitutions of all independent nation– states since 1789. Ginsburg is one of the most successful law academics to translate scholarship into policy. His findings and expertise have influenced judicial and constitutional reform around the world.
His books include Judicial Review in New Democracies, which won the C. Herman Pritchett Award from the American Political Science Association, as did The Endurance of National Constitutions. He has published 133 articles in peer-reviewed journals. Brian Leiter’s Law School Report ranks Ginsburg fifth among the 15 Most-Cited Law and Social Science Faculty from 2010 to 2014. He is the second-youngest scholar to appear on the list and the only scholar younger than age fifty to appear in the top five.
37
FEATURED ARTICLE
CTAE LSDS EE R NBDAON RK F
n Quantu THE EM ERGING F IELD OF
ENGINEERING
JERRY TESSENDORF
38
um
ROBERT A. CALDERBANK
2015–16 Hagler Faculty Fellow Charles S. Sydnor Professor of Computer Science Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Pratt School of Engineering Duke University
Quantum computers promise to be more capable of solving certain problems than any classical computer. These devices are moving out of the lab and are becoming generally programmable.
Superconducting qubits are faster, but ion qubits are more interconnected, needing fewer steps to perform calculations, which compensates for the slower operation speed. Software and hardware need to work together, and it is essential to consider these strengths and weaknesses when designing a quantum computer. The idea is to use error characteristics of trapped-ion qubits to align algorithm design and hardware implementation for this physical system.
P H YS I CA L C H A R ACT E R I ST I C S O F I O N A ND S U P E R C O ND UCT I N G Q U B I T A R C H I T E CT U R E S Objective
Ion Qubits
Superconducting Qubits
Error Rate: Minimize calculation errors
Between a few errors per 100 operations and a few errors per 1000 operations
Between a few errors per 100 operations and a few errors per 1000 operations
Qubit Lifetime: Retain quantum properties over long periods
About 1 second
About 0.00005 seconds
Speed: Operations should be quick
About 0.3 milliseconds
Between 300 and 100 nanoseconds
Interconnectivity: Each qubit can talk to all other qubits
Full connectivity
Qubits can only talk to their neighbors
T he E merging F ield of Q uantum E ngineering
The IBM Q Experience is an online platform that provides public access to two five-qubit processors and a sixteen-qubit processor via the Cloud. Companies such as IBM and Google have focused their development efforts on supercomputing qubits, whereas academic startups such as IonQ have focused on ion qubits.
39
FEATURED ARTICLE
CA L D E R BA N K
TWENTY YEARS LATER, I WAS ATTRACTED BACK TO QUANTUM COMPUTING BY THE ENGINEERING CHALLENGES.
To progress, we need to combine abstract mathematics, quantum physics, and signal processing. A highly interdisciplinary collaboration links engineering physics groups at Duke University, directed by Jungsang Kim and Ken Brown, with coding and signal processing groups directed by Henry Pfister (also at Duke), Krishna Narayanan, Alex Sprintson, and me. Research experience at the interface of engineering physics and signal processing provides students with the skills needed to build bridges between these disciplines, whether in academia or industry. We release code on GitHub to encourage use by different research communities.
DESIGNING A CONTROL PLANE A universal quantum computer with hundreds of qubits promises enormous speedups over some of the best-known classical algorithms. Back in 1982, theoretical physicist Richard Feynman observed that exponential speedups might be possible for the simulation of many quantum-mechanical systems. Popular interest in quantum computing has been growing since 1995, when mathematician Peter Shor introduced quantum errorcorrection and a polynomial-time quantum algorithm for factoring integers. The launch of large research programs in major companies signals the increasing practicability of quantum computing. Quantum error-correcting codes protect qubits involved in quantum computation. In the late 1990s, I worked with Peter Shor and other colleagues at AT&T Labs to develop
40
a mathematical framework that describes qubits, the Pauli matrices that represent quantum errors, and the symplectic inner product that indicates when two Pauli matrices commute. Within this framework we used k-dimensional commuting subgroups of Pauli matrices to define stabilizer codes that protect (m – k) logical qubits within a quantum system comprising m physical qubits. Twenty years later, I was attracted back to quantum computing by the engineering challenges. Our mathematical framework treats an m-qubit system as a Hilbert space with dimension N = 2m. Universal quantum computation requires the ability to implement (within a specified tolerance) quantum operations represented by the group of N x N unitary matrices acting on this space. It turns out that a finite set of unitary operators is sufficient to generate arbitrary approximations of any unitary matrix. The study of these approximations has led to the development of the Clifford hierarchy that indexes the difficulty of implementing certain unitary operations. The first level of this hierarchy comprises the Pauli matrices, and the second level comprises operators in the Clifford group. Our mathematical framework represents Clifford operators as 2m x 2m binary symplectic matrices. This opens the door to designing a binary control plane [of size O(log 2 N)] for quantum operations in the Clifford group, exponentially reducing complexity. As a Hagler Fellow, I worked with
Narayanan Rengaswamy, Swanand Kadhe, and Henry Pfister to develop a control plane that assembles all possible ways to implement a Clifford operator acting on a stabilizer code. Rengaswamy was a master’s student advised by Henry Pfister and will graduate from Duke next year with a doctorate in electrical engineering. Kadhe was a doctoral student advised by Alex Sprintson and is now a postdoctoral fellow at the University of California, Berkeley. You can explore our algorithms for circuit synthesis at
https://github.com/nrenga/ symplectic-arxiv18a. CLIMBING THE CLIFFORD HIERARCHY Universal quantum computation requires that we augment gates from the Clifford group with nonClifford operators such as the T gate, a diagonal gate corresponding to π/8 rotation, which belongs to the third level of the hierarchy. Elements in the kth level of this hierarchy act by conjugation on Pauli matrices to produce a result in the (k – 1)th level. The structure of diagonal operators in this hierarchy is of particular interest. Rengaswamy, Pfister, and I introduced a new family of diagonal operators from the kth level of the Clifford hierarchy, defined by quadratic forms over the ring of integers modulo 2k. This family is rich enough to capture all 1- and 2-local and certain higher locality diagonal gates in the Clifford hierarchy. Since 1- and 2-local gates are natural operations to realize in the lab, the quadratic forms illuminate a world of logical
ABOUT CALDERBANK:
CONNECTING QUANTUM COMPUTING TO WIRELESS C O M M U N I C AT I O N One of the opportunities that justifies the development of a new generation of wireless networks (5G) is machine-to-machine communication. This Internet of Things will support simultaneous communication of a large network of devices, each of which transmits infrequently. In this paradigm, the messages are small and the number of users is massive, and we need to recover the messages rather than the identities of the users. Yury Polyanskiy, an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, proposed a model in which communication occurs in blocks of N channel uses, and the task of a receiver is to correctly identify K messages, each consisting of B bits. One regime of interest is N = 30,000, K = 250, and B = 100. The first question is how to design the messages, and it turns out that stabilizer states in quantum computing are an excellent choice. In our framework
for quantum computing, stabilizer states are eigenvectors of maximal commutative subgroups of the Pauli group. In the world of wireless communication, stabilizer states are exponentiated codewords from a classical second order Reed–Muller code, and wireless engineers think of them as binary chirps. As a Hagler Fellow, I had the pleasure of working on massive multiple access with Krishna Narayanan. He had taken a divideand-conquer approach, encoding messages by using parity check constraints given by a linear block code and stitching messages together using a tree decoder. I integrated a very fast algorithm for chirp reconstruction into his slotting pattern framework. The result was an algorithm with complexity roughly O(N2) that can recover roughly N1/2 simultaneous messages. We invite you to play with the code at https://github.com/ajthompson42/
CHIRRUP.
C O L L A B O R AT I O N S : Krishna Narayanan, Eric D. Rubin ’06 Professor, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University Alex Sprintson, professor, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University Swanand Kadhe, former graduate student, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University
He is best known for coinventing space–time codes, a key technology behind the Wireless Revolution in communications and electronics. His research also has aided the management of “big data,” those extremely large sets of data that—when analyzed with computers—reveal patterns, trends, and associations that relate to human behavior and interactions. Calderbank received a doctorate from the California Institute of Technology. After retiring from Bell Labs, Calderbank joined Princeton University, where he led its Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics. Today, Calderbank is the Charles S. Sydnor Professor of Computer Science at Duke, as well as a professor of mathematics and electrical engineering. He serves as director of Duke’s Information Initiative, an interdisciplinary program that applies computational research to unlock the potential of big data.
T he E merging F ield of Q uantum E ngineering
operations that might be easier to implement. Explicit algebraic descriptions of their action on Pauli matrices were provided, establishing a natural recursion to diagonal unitaries from lower levels. The recursion makes it possible to characterize stabilizer codes preserved by tensor products of T and T–1 gates. It unifies the many code constructions known to support T gates and leads to several new codes and code families.
During a career that spans four decades, including twenty-three years at AT&T Bell Laboratories, mathematician Robert A. Calderbank has made fundamental contributions to wireless communications, coding theory, and signal processing.
He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and a fellow of the American Mathematical Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Calderbank received the IEEE Information Theory Society Paper Award for his research into coding and information theory, the IEEE Richard W. Hamming Medal for his contributions to information transmission, and the Claude E. Shannon Award, the highest honor offered by the IEEE Information Theory Society. He has written one book and published more than 500 peer-reviewed articles. He holds at least fifteen patents and his inventions are used in billions of consumer devices. 41
2018-2019 Inductees
42
C Class of 2019-2020 FA C U LT Y F E L L O W S
LUIZ DAVIDOVICH
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
SHARON M DONOVAN
DISTINGUISHED LECTURERS
MARTHA ALBERTSON FINEMAN
Emory University
DEIRDRE N. MCCLOSKEY
The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
University of Illinois at Chicago
MARIO ANDRÉS HAMUY
University of California, Irvine
Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy
PETER J. HOTEZ
Baylor College of Medicine
KATHLEEN C. HOWELL
RACHEL F. MORAN SUSAN M. WOLF
University of Minnesota
HUDA ZOGHBI
Baylor College of Medicine
Purdue University
MISHA LYUBICH
Stony Brook University
HENRY ROUSSO
The French National Centre for Scientific Research
PETER W. SHOR
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
EDWIN L. “NED” THOMAS
Rice University
Education is so important to sustaining American democracy, and the heart of education is the faculty at every university. JON L. HAGLER ‘58
FELLOW
FA C U LT Y
LUIZ DAVIDOVICH Professor of Physics Instituto de Física Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Brazilian scientist Luiz Davidovich’s major contributions are in decoherence, dynamics of entanglement, laser theory, and quantum metrology. He produced new and innovative methods of measuring quantum entanglement, as well as facilitating further development in the ability to control decoherence, a major issue in realizing quantum logic devices.
the University of Cambridge, the Weizmann Institute, the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and Texas A&M University.
After earning his doctorate from the University of Rochester, Davidovich joined the faculty of Pontifical Catholic University-Rio, first as an associate professor and then as a full professor. Today, he is a physics professor at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, where he has advised more than twenty doctoral candidates in their research theses.
Publishing upwards of 130 articles in peer-reviewed journals, Davidovich has had his work featured in Nature, Science, and Physical Review Letters. In 2001, Davidovich was awarded the Physics Prize of the Third World Academy of Sciences. He received both the Tamandare Medal from the Brazilian Navy and the Admiral Alvaro Alberto Brazilian National Prize of Science and Technology award for his influences in quantum physics.
He is best known for his work in quantum optics and quantum information. Multiple institutions have invited him to be a visiting professor, speaker, or guest researcher since 1986, including
44
Quantumness, a three-daylong conference, was created to honor Davidovich and his many contributions to the scientific community during his career.
He was a member of the executive board of the International Council of Sciences from 2011 to 2014. Currently, he is a fellow of the American
Physical Society and a fellow of the Optical Society of America. He is active in his role as president of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences (2016–22) and is a foreign associate of the National Academy of Sciences. Davidovich will collaborate with faculty and students in the Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and the colleges of science and engineering.
SH ARON M. DONOVAN Professor and holder, Melissa M. Noel Endowed Chair in Nutrition and Health Department of Nutritional Sciences College of Agricultural, Consumer & Environmental Sciences The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Donovan’s laboratory conducts basic and translational research in pediatric nutrition, focusing on optimizing intestinal and cognitive development and on development of the gut microbiome. Her research concentrates on how dietary intake may influence neonatal development in human infants as well as the preclinical piglet model. Her current work involves the establishment of germ-free and gnotobiotic piglets. Donovan earned a doctoral degree from the University of California, Davis.
After completing a postdoctoral fellowship in pediatric endocrinology at Stanford University’s School of Medicine, she joined the faculty at the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign as an assistant professor of nutrition. She was promoted to full professor and selected as the first holder of the Melissa M. Noel Endowed Chair in Nutrition and Health. She directed the division of nutritional sciences and the graduate dietetic internship. She is a member of the National Academy of Medicine and the American Society for Nutrition (ASN). She has served as president of ASN and now is president of the International Society for Research in Human Milk and Lactation. Donovan serves on the 2020–25 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Advisory Committee and served on the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Honors include serving as the Lucille S. Hurley Distinguished Lecturer at the UC–Davis
Department of Nutrition and receiving ASN’s Norman Kretchmer Award, the Jonas Salk Health Leadership Award from the Central Illinois Division of the March of Dimes, and ASN’s Mead Johnson Award. Donovan has published more than 175 peer-reviewed articles and book chapters. She receives grant support from the National Institutes of Health, the US Department of Agriculture, several foundations, and the food and pharmaceutical industries. Donovan will collaborate with the colleges of engineering, veterinary medicine & biomedical sciences, and agriculture & life sciences.
2 0 1 9 - 2 0 2 0 inductees
The first thousand days of life, from conception until age two, are crucial to short- and longterm health outcomes for infants and children. During that phase of life, proper nutrition is vital for growth, development, and long-term functional outcomes, such as cognition and immune response. Sharon Donovan and her research team investigate some of the most pressing health issues facing children in that age group.
45
FELLOW
FA C U LT Y
MARIO ANDRÉS H AMUY Vice President and Head of Mission, Chile Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy Washington, DC
The most cited Chilean astronomer of all time, according to the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, Mario Andrés Hamuy spearheaded the Calán– Tololo Survey that established the use of supernovae to measure distances into the far universe, leading to the discovery that the universe is expanding at an accelerated rate. Hamuy is best known for his work on the physics of supernovae and supernova cosmology. Hamuy worked for eight years as a data reduction specialist for the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, where he studied luminosities in supernovae type IA, in which he made the groundbreaking discovery that the universe was expanding rapidly. Upon that discovery, Hamuy’s findings yielded other results that proved the existence of “dark energy,” a component that makes up nearly 70 percent of the universe. That finding was instrumental in changing perception of and the modernization of the Hubble constant.
46
He earned his doctorate in astronomy at the University of Arizona. Hamuy went on to finish his postdoctoral fellowship at Las Campanas Observatory with a focus on the systematic monitoring of supernovae from the Southern Hemisphere. Hamuy joined the University of Chile as an associate professor of astronomy and soon became director of the Cerro Calán Observatory. He has served as the chair of the Chilean Telescope Time Allocation Committee and as president and chairman of the board of the Chile National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT), Chile’s equivalent of the National Science Foundation. Honors include fellowships from the Carnegie Institution of Washington and the Guggenheim Foundation; the Rectorial Medal from the University of Chile; the World Academy of Science Prize in Earth, Space, and Astronomy; and the Chilean National Medal for Exact Sciences. An asteroid was named after Hamuy by the director of the Spanish Pla D’ Arguines Observatory.
Hamuy has published more than 180 articles in peer-reviewed journals, including Nature, Astronomy, the Astronomical Journal, and the Astrophysical Journal. He has written three books and co-written two others, all pertaining to his work in astronomy. He worked with the Chilean Congress and two Chilean presidents to create and establish a ministry of science. He regularly speaks at elementary and middle schools on the importance of science in rural Chile. As a Hagler Faculty Fellow, Hamuy will collaborate with faculty and students in the College of Science.
PETER J. HOTEZ Dean, National School of Tropical Medicine Professor Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology & Microbiology Endowed Chair in Tropical Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine
In 2017, Fortune magazine named him as one of the thirty-four most influential people in health care after he emerged as a national thought leader on the Zika epidemic in the Western Hemisphere and globally. He was among the first to predict Zika’s emergence in the United States. He served on infectious disease task forces for two consecutive Texas governors. As both a vaccine scientist and the parent of a child with autism, Hotez has ardently and publicly opposed the antivaccine movement. He often appears in print and broadcast news media, including BBC, CNN, Fox News, MSNBC, the New York Times, USA Today, the Washington Post, and the Wall Street Journal.
His research team is leading policy efforts around a group of chronic and disabling conditions known as the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), the most common afflictions of the world’s impoverished. The team helped develop the concept of a “rapid impact package” of NTD medicines, which has reached 250 million people in Africa and Asia; is working in Brazil and Mexico to develop vaccines for NTDs; and is helping shape policy around previously hidden NTDs in the United States, especially among the poor in Texas. Hotez earned a doctoral degree in biochemistry from Rockefeller University and a degree in medicine from Weill Cornell Medical College. Hotez held postdoctoral positions in molecular parasitology and pediatric infectious diseases at Yale University School of Medicine and served on the faculty until 1995. In addition, Hotez served as professor and chair of the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine at George Washington University. Hotez is a fellow at the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, a member of the National
Academy of Medicine, a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a foreign member of the Belgian Royal Academy of Medicine. He received the Abraham Horwitz Award for Excellence in Leadership in Inter-American Health from the Pan American Health Organization of the World Health Organization and the Sackler Award in Sustained Leadership from Research!America. He has served as president of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, and he is founding editor-in-chief of PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. Hotez co-founded the Global Network for Neglected Tropical Diseases to give hundreds of millions of people access to essential medicines. He has written more than 400 original papers and two books: Forgotten People, Forgotten Diseases and Blue Marble Health: An Innovative Plan to Fight Diseases of the Poor Amid Wealth. Hotez will collaborate with faculty and students in the School of Public Health and the College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences.
2 0 1 9 - 2 0 2 0 inductees
As director of the Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Peter J. Hotez leads the only current partnership for creating vaccines to prevent four diseases that affect hundreds of millions of children and adults worldwide: hookworm, schistosomiasis, Chagas’ disease, and severe acute respiratory syndrome/Middle East respiratory syndrome.
47
FELLOW
FA C U LT Y
K ATHLEEN C. HOWELL Hsu Lo Distinguished Professor School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Purdue University
Best known for her contributions to the three-body problem, the interplanetary superhighway, and artificial satellite theories, Kathleen Howell focuses mainly on using dynamical system theory and invariant manifolds to design lower-energy interplanetary trajectories. Her collective body of research is farreaching and has a broad impact on the scientific community. Howell has conducted research that led to cutting-edge methods in spacecraft trajectory that use near-rectilinear halo orbits (NRHOs). That research also has helped improve the cost-effectiveness of interplanetary missions. She advised on the Lunar Orbiting Platform-Gateway project, tentatively launching in 2022. Her extensive knowledge of NRHOs is considered a major asset to NASA. Centered around one Lagrange Point, L2, is an NRHO that Howell identified to NASA as a location to house Gateway so that it remains at orbiting pace with the moon. Howell’s research proved that L2 acts as an anchoring mechanism for the spaceship’s pathway,
48
allowing for minimal use of thrusters. The project will assist with moon explorations and Mars expeditions. Howell received her doctorate in aeronautical and astronautical sciences from Stanford University. She remains active in her research of Earth-based and interplanetary missions, with an emphasis on spacecraft trajectory design and optimization, maneuver strategies for transfers, and on-orbit operations. She is the first female professor at Purdue University to receive tenure. Howell is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and the International Astronautical Federation, as well as a fellow in the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) and the American Astronautical Society (AAS). Honors include the Dirk Brouwer Award from AAS, the International Astronautical Federation’s John V. Breakwell Memorial Award, and the
Presidential Young Investigator Award. She belongs to the Iowa State University Department of Aerospace Engineering Hall of Fame. She also received the President’s Recognition Award for Technical Achievement and Contributions to the Society and the Profession (AAS), received the TRIANA Mission Achievement Award, and won the Best Paper Award three times at AAS and AIAA conferences. BestMastersDegrees.com named her to its list of the 30 Most Innovative Women Professors Alive Today after Discover magazine selected her as one of the 50 most important women in science. Howell has served as editorin-chief of the Journal of Astronautical Sciences for AAS. She joined the International Journal of Celestial Mechanics & Dynamical Astronomy as an associate editor, focusing on astrodynamics in complex gravitational environments. As a Hagler Faculty Fellow, Howell will collaborate with faculty and students in the College of Engineering.
MISH A LYUBICH Professor Department of Mathematics Director, Institute for Mathematical Sciences College of Arts and Sciences Stony Brook University
Born in Ukraine, Lyubich developed his interest for dynamics through his father’s work at Kharkov State University. Lyubich received his doctorate from Tashkent State University for the results on entropy theory and structural stability detailed in his thesis, Dynamics of Rational Maps, which includes the measurement of maximal entropy known as the Brolin– Lyubich Measure. Upon arriving in America, Lyubich was offered a position with the Institute for Mathematical Sciences at Stony Brook University during its early development. He later received a Canada Research Chair and a professorship with the University of Toronto, holding a joint appointment with Stony Brook. Today, Lyubich directs
the Institute, where he has taken a particular interest in training students active in doctoral programs, collaborating with twelve doctoral candidates to date. Though stable renormalization had been studied before Lyubich, the unstable area remained riddled with uncertainties until he constructed the full renormalization horseshoe for all real combinatorial types. In conjunction with his previous research on the geometry of the Yoccoz parapuzzle, Lyubich reached a conclusion regarding one of the most fundamental problems in dynamics: describing for a representative finite parameter family of maps the asymptotic behavior of almost every orbit for almost any parameter. He deduced that every quadratic map falls into one of two categories, regular or stochastic. That significant development led to other advancements of renormalization for quadratic-like maps. Lyubich continues to further his research, but in recent years he has gravitated toward exploring analytic two-dimensional dynamics, real and complex.
Lyubich’s honors include the St. Petersburg Mathematical Society’s Young Mathematician Prize for his iterations of rational mappings of the Riemann sphere and the Jeffery–Williams Prize from the Canadian Math Society for his outstanding contributions to mathematical research. He is member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, the European Union Academy of Sciences, and the American Mathematical Society. He belongs to the inaugural class of fellows for the American Mathematical Society. As a Hagler Faculty Fellow, Lyubich will collaborate with faculty and students in the College of Science.
2 0 1 9 - 2 0 2 0 inductees
Known for his groundbreaking research in analytic lowdimensional dynamics of recursive maps, mathematician Misha Lyubich pioneered research in the domain of real and complex one-dimensional dynamics, a relatively underdeveloped field of study until the late 1980s.
49
FELLOW
FA C U LT Y
HENRY RUSSO Directeur de recherche de Classe Exceptionelle French National Centre for Scientific Research Paris, France
Recognized as France’s most significant historian of the modern era, Henry Rousso has redefined the study of the link between history, memory, and historical trauma in his published work The Vichy Syndrome. His work on the history and memory of World War II has influenced many disciplines, including history and memory, literary and film studies dealing with World War II, legal studies, and the trials of former Nazis in Germany, Israel, and France. His current research focuses on the relationships between history, memory, and justice in a comparative and multidisciplinary perspective as well as on the epistemology of narratives of the recent past. Rousso regularly appears on French and international TV and has been featured in multiple documentaries about his research. He studied at the École Normale Supérieure de Saint-Cloud, the University of Paris I PantheonSorbonne, and the Institut d’Études Politiques de Paris.
50
Rousso served as director of the Institut d’Histoire du Temps Présent and as secretary general of the International Committee for the History of the Second World War. He was selected as the president of the Entretiens de Patimoine and charged by the Ministry of Education to lead the Commission on Racism and Negationism at the University of Lyon III. He has received France’s National Order of Merit. As a visiting professor, Rousso has taught at New York University, Dartmouth College, Texas A&M University, Friedrich Schiller University Jena in Germany, Yale University, Columbia University, and National University of La Plata in Argentina. He serves as a co-director for an online and multilingual journal in addition to being an active member of the editorial boards of History and Memory; Mémoires en Jeu/Memories at Stake; and Tempo e Argumento, Cadernos do Tempo Presente. He has published twenty books, some of which have received
English translations by Harvard University Press, University of Chicago Press, and Dartmouth College Press, as well as more than 100 peer-reviewed articles. He has written for Le Monde, Liberation, L’Express, and several other national and international publications. Rousso is generally acknowledged as France’s leading expert on the history of terror. French President Emmanuel Macron recently appointed Rousso to chair a governmental commission to build the French National Museum on the History of Terror and to develop a memorial honoring the victims of the 2015 terrorist attack on Paris. He also has directed scientific commissions in France, Germany, the European Union, and the United States. As a Hagler Faculty Fellow, Rousso will collaborate with faculty and students in the College of Liberal Arts and the Bush School of Government and Public Service.
PETER W. SHOR Henry Adams Morss and Henry Adams Morss Jr. Professor Applied Mathematics Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Although Shor’s algorithm depends on a theoretical machine known as a quantum computer, small-scale prototypes have recently been produced to study the potential behavior of much larger systems. His contributions point the way toward the potential creation and implementation of quantum machines that could ultimately break RSA encryption by solving the issue pertaining to the prime factorization of large numbers. Shor earned his doctorate from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and later received a year of postdoctoral training from the University of California,
Berkeley. Soon after leaving Berkeley, he began working for AT&T Bell Laboratories as a member of the research staff. There he developed the famous algorithm that earned him the Rolf Nevanlinna Prize from the International Congress of Mathematicians and the International Quantum Communication Award. He later joined the faculty of MIT, where he is affiliated with the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory.
Shor will collaborate with faculty and students in the Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and the colleges of science and agriculture & life sciences.
He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Honors include the Dickson Prize in Science; the Gödel Prize, jointly awarded by the European Association for Theoretical Computer Sciences and the Association for Computing Machinery; the Dirac Medal from the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics; the IEEE Eric E. Sumner Award for Outstanding Contributions to Communications Technology; and the Micius Quantum Prize.
2 0 1 9 - 2 0 2 0 inductees
Peter Shor is world renowned for his discoveries in quantum computing and quantum information, specifically in relation to algorithms, computational geometry, and combinatorics. In particular, he is known for developing Shor’s algorithm, a computational process devised to factor integers exponentially faster than the fastest modern classical computer—revolutionary in the world of quantum computing.
51
FELLOW
FA C U LT Y
EDWIN L. “NED” THOMAS Ernest Dell Butcher Professor of Engineering Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering Rice University
As a materials scientist and mechanical engineer, Ned Thomas is known for developing photonic materials and determining the morphology of block copolymers. Before joining the faculty at Rice University, he founded and directed the Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His current research focuses on using 2D and 3D lithography, direct-write, and self-assembly techniques to create metamaterials with unprecedented mechanical and thermal properties. Thomas received a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Massachusetts and a doctorate in materials science and engineering from Cornell University. Before joining MIT, Thomas founded and served as codirector of the Institute for Interface Science and was head of the Department of Polymer Science and Engineering at the University of Massachusetts.
52
At MIT, he was head of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering as well as the Morris Cohen Professor of Materials Science and Engineering. Thomas and his students carry out research on photonics, phononics, interference lithography and mechanical behavior of microtrusses, polymer physics and engineering of the mechanical and optical properties of block copolymers, liquid crystalline polymers, and hybrid organic–inorganic nanocomposites. One area of special interest is photonics and the fabrication of polymeric photonic crystals by using selfassembly, especially with block copolymers and holographic interference lithography. For those studies, focus is placed on the understanding of complex relations between the lattice symmetry and optical properties of periodic structures. His group also is exploring the way light and sound propagate in quasicrystalline photonic and phononic structures. Such
research opens the possibility to control properties and propagation of light and sound in dual band gap structures. Thomas is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, an inaugural fellow of the Materials Society, and a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Physical Society. Honors include the High Polymer Physics Prize of the American Physical Society and the American Chemical Society Creative Polymer Chemist Award. He wrote the undergraduate textbook The Structure of Materials and has co-written more than 450 papers, and he holds twenty patents. As a Hagler Faculty Fellow, Thomas will collaborate with faculty and students in the colleges of engineering and science.
Robert W. Woodruff Professor of Law School of Law Emory University
In addition, the project led to creating the Vulnerability and the Human Condition Initiative, which now encompasses most of Fineman’s current research and writing. She serves as director of the initiative and organizes several local and international academic workshops each year. Those workshops allow scholars to engage in the concepts of vulnerability and resilience and the idea of a responsive state in constructing a universal approach to address the human condition. Fineman earned a bachelor’s degree from Temple University and a law degree from the University of Chicago Law School, after which she clerked for Luther M. Swygert of the US Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. Fineman began her teaching career at the University of Wisconsin, later moved to
Columbia University as the Maurice T. Moore Professor of Law, and then joined Cornell Law School, where she held the Dorothea S. Clarke Professorship, the first endowed chair in feminist jurisprudence in the nation. Today, as the Robert W. Woodruff Professor at Emory University’s School of Law, Fineman continues to expand the boundaries of feminist jurisprudence, leading the way toward a new legal framework based on vulnerability theory. Her scholarly interests involve the legal regulation of family and intimacy and the legal implications of universal dependency and vulnerability. Her books include The Autonomy Myth: A Theory of Dependency; The Neutered Mother, The Sexual Family, and other Twentieth Century Tragedies; The Illusion of Equality: The Rhetoric and Reality of Divorce Reform; Vulnerability: Reflections on a New Ethical Foundation for Law and Politics; and Transcending the Boundaries of Law: Generations of Feminism and Legal Theory. Honors include the Harry J. Kalven Jr. Prize for Distinguished Research in Law and Society
from the University of California, Irvine, School of Law; the Ruth Bader Ginsburg Lifetime Achievement Award; and the Miriam M. Netter ’72 Stoneman Award from the Kate Stoneman Day annual lecture at the University of Albany, State University of New York. According to a recent study of legal citations by the University of Chicago Law School, Fineman is the most-cited US scholar in family law. She has published articles in the world’s most prominent law journals, including the Yale Law Journal, the Chicago Law Review, the Duke Law Review, the Virginia Law Review, and the Emory Law Journal. She has published books with leading academic presses, including those at Chicago, Columbia, Cornell, and Princeton. As a Hagler Distinguished Lecturer, Fineman will deliver public lectures on emerging issues in family law and feminist theory, host one of the annual workshops on the Feminism and Legal Theory Project, and mentor new faculty members who seek advice on advancing their scholarly agendas.
2 0 1 9 - 2 0 2 0 inductees
Martha Albertson Fineman directs Emory University’s Feminism and Legal Theory Project, which she founded in 1984. The project brings together scholars from around the globe to engage on issues relating to feminism and the law and has resulted in eleven published books.
53
LECTURER
DISTINGUISHED
MARTH A ALBERTSON FINEMAN
LECTURER
DISTINGUISHED
DEIRDRE N. MCCLOSKEY Distinguished Professor Emertia Economics, History, English, and Communication College of Liberal Arts and Sciences University of Illinois at Chicago
Deirdre McCloskey is internationally known for her analysis of the rhetoric of inquiry: how rhetoric affects the understanding of scientific scholarship and its relation to public policy. Her scholarship covers a diverse set of topics, including economic theory, economic history, philosophy, rhetoric, feminism, ethics, and law. As a former protégé of Nobel economist Milton Friedman at the University of Chicago, McCloskey is sometimes regarded as a conservative economist. However, she defines herself as “a literary, quantitative, postmodern, free-market, progressive-Episcopalian, exMarxist, Midwestern woman from Boston who was once a man. Not ‘conservative!’ I’m a Christian classical liberal.” Recognized for her work in economics, history, English, and communications, she held tenured positions at several institutions, including the University of Chicago, the University of Iowa, and recently, the University of Illinois at Chicago. There, she was a Distinguished Professor holding
54
multiple academic appointments showcasing her commitment and adaptability to teach across disciplines. Upon retiring, she was appointed Distinguished Professor Emerita for her diligence and dedication to the field.
American Association for the Advancement of Science, she was a member of the School of Social Science at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. She also is the recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship.
McCloskey received her doctorate in economics from Harvard University.
Honors include the Julian L. Simon Memorial Award from the Competitive Enterprise Institute for her work examining factors in history that led to advancement in human achievement and prosperity, the Hayek Lifetime Achievement Award from the Austrian Economics Center, a National Science Foundation grant, and two National Endowment for the Humanities grants.
She is the author of The Bourgeois Era, an acclaimed 2,000-page historical trilogy about the evolution of neoliberalist ideas leading to the modern economy. The series was later translated into Chinese, Spanish, Russian, and Polish. McCloskey has written eighteen books and more than 360 articles, approximately 215 of which are published in acclaimed academic journals. She edited two books and served as a co-editor of seven books published by the University of Chicago Press, the University of Wisconsin Press, and the University of Michigan Press. Google Scholar estimates that her works have been cited more than 17,500 times. An honorary fellow of the Institute for Economic Affairs, London and a fellow of the
Her newest book, Why Liberalism Works: How True Liberal Values Produce a Freer, More Equal, Prosperous World for All, was recently published by Yale University Press. As a Hagler Distinguished Lecturer, McCloskey will work with faculty and students in the School of Innovation, the College of Liberal Arts. She also will organize a university symposium.
R ACHEL F. MOR AN Distinguished Professor School of Law University of California, Irvine
She earned her law degree from Yale Law School. She clerked for Chief Judge Wilfred Feinberg of the US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, worked for the San Francisco firm of Heller, Ehrman, White & McAuliffe; served as Dean and Michael J. Connell Distinguished Professor of Law at the University of California, Los Angeles; and held the Robert D. and LeslieKay Raven Professorship of Law at the University of California, Berkeley. She previously served as a founding faculty member at the University of California, Irvine. Moran served as chair of the Chicano/Latino Policy Project at the Institute for the Study of Social Change and as co-director of “The Future of Latins in the United States: Law, Opportunity, and Mobility,” a project of the American Bar Foundation. She is a former president of the American Association of Law Schools.
President Barack Obama appointed her to the Permanent Committee for the Oliver Wendell Holmes Devise. She was the inaugural holder of the William H. Neukom Fellows Research Chair in Diversity and Law of the American Bar Foundation—a position dedicated to the research of law and legal processes pertaining to the inequality of minorities in the justice system.
author of three books: Interracial Intimacy: The Regulation of Race and Romance, Race Law Stories, and Educational Policy and the Law. As a Hagler Distinguished Lecturer, Moran will deliver public lectures on emerging issues in education policy, civil rights, and race and the law. She will collaborate with faculty and students in the School of Law.
She is a member of the American Law Institute, a fellow of the American Bar Foundation, and a fellow of the Civil Rights Project/ Proyecto Derechos Civiles. Moran has served as a visiting professor at several law schools, including UCLA, Stanford, New York University, the University of Miami, the University of Texas, Fordham University, and the University of California, Berkeley. Moran has published seventythree articles, including those found in prominent law journals such as the Yale Law Journal, the Stanford Law Review, the California Law Review, and the Hofstra Law Review. Academic software firm Bepress estimates that Moran’s work has been downloaded more than 10,000 times. She is the
2 0 1 9 - 2 0 2 0 inductees
A renowned scholar in education policy, civil rights, and race and the law, Rachel F. Moran writes extensively on equal education opportunity, bilingual education, desegregation, and affirmative action.
55
LECTURER
DISTINGUISHED
SUSAN WOLF
McKnight Presidential Professor of Law, Medicine & Public Policy Faegre Baker Daniels Professor of Law Professor of Law and Medicine University of Minnesota Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine University of Minnesota Medical School
Among the most-cited US scholars in health and policy law, Susan Wolf has published more than 130 peer-reviewed articles, including in highly acclaimed legal and medical journals such as the Journal of Law, Medicine, and Ethics; the American Journal of Bioethics; the Houston Law Review; Science; and JAMA. Google Scholar estimates that Wolf’s work has been cited more than 10,000 times. Her research in bioethics has received funding from the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, and the Greenwall Foundation. At the University of Minnesota, Wolf serves as the chair of the Consortium on Law and Values in Health, Environment & the Life Sciences. She is the founding director of the joint degree program in law, science, and technology at the University of Minnesota, which allows students to concurrently study another discipline intersecting with law at a faster pace than would be possible by earning two degrees separately.
56
She received her law degree from Yale Law School in 1980. She clerked for Judge Leonard B. Sand of the US District Court for the Southern District of New York and then practiced with the New York firm of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison. She later taught law and medicine at New York University School of Law. Wolf is a member of the National Academy of Medicine and the American Law Institute and is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. As a fellow of the Hastings Center, she recently served as a senior consultant on its guidelines for end-of-life care. Honors include the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Investigator Award in Health Policy Research, the University of Minnesota Medical School Merit Award, and selection as an Opperman Research Scholar. Wolf also served as a panelist for the American Bar Association Coordinating Group on Bioethics and the Law, the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, and the Institute
of Medicine’s Committee for Review of the Appropriate Use of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology’s Tissue Repository. Wolf has published six books, including Feminism & Bioethics: Beyond Reproduction and the second edition of The Hastings Center Guidelines for Decisions on Life-Sustaining Treatment and Care Near End of Life, both published by Oxford University Press. As a Hagler Distinguished Lecturer, Wolf will deliver public lectures on emerging issues in health law, regulation, policy, and innovation at the schools of innovation and public health and the College of Medicine.
HUDA ZOGHBI Professor and holder, Ralph D. Feigin, MD, Endowed Chair Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Director, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital Baylor College of Medicine
Research conducted at Zoghbi’s laboratory is rooted in her early clinical encounters with patients suffering rare and perplexing disorders. Early in her career, soon after reading a paper on Rett syndrome— then largely unrecognized— Zoghbi diagnosed a young girl with the disease at Texas Children’s Hospital. A week later, Zoghbi saw a second girl with similar symptoms and soon discovered six more girls with Rett syndrome during an investigation of several patients’ medical records.
In 1999, with colleague Harry Orr at the University of Minnesota, Zoghbi discovered the genetic mutations that cause X-linked Rett syndrome as well as genetic mutations responsible for several dominantly inherited spinocerebellar ataxias. Her team’s investigations into the pathogenesis of those diseases have influenced the understanding of basic neurobiology. In addition, their studies of fundamental neurodevelopmental processes governed by atonal homolog 1 (also known as Math1) has altered medicine’s comprehension of many disorders—as varied as deafness and medulloblastoma— aiding in the development of new therapies. Zoghbi earned her medical degree from Meharry Medical College in Nashville and served as a postdoctoral fellow and faculty member at Baylor College of Medicine. She is certified in pediatrics by the American Board of Pediatrics and is a member of the National Academy of Medicine, the
National Academy of Sciences, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Honors include the Pearl Meister Greengard Prize from Rockefeller University, the March of Dimes Prize in Developmental Biology, the Shaw Prize in Life Science and Medicine, the Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, the Vilcek Prize for Biomedical Research, the International Rett Syndrome Foundation’s Circle of Angels Research Award, the Gruber Prize in Neuroscience, and the Canada Gairdner International Award. She has published more than 300 articles in peer-reviewed journals, served as co-editor of one book, contributed five chapters to other books, and has received eight patents. As a Hagler Distinguished Lecturer, Zoghbi will organize a Rett syndrome conference cosponsored by the Hagler Institute and will present the Hagler Institute’s Eminent Scholar Lecture for spring 2020.
2 0 1 9 - 2 0 2 0 inductees
As a pioneer in defining the genetic basis of Rett syndrome, Huda Zoghbi has uncovered the molecular mechanisms of normal neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration by probing the complexities of rare neurological diseases. She and her research team use genetic, behavioral, and cell biology– based approaches to explore the pathogenesis of polyglutamine neurodegenerative diseases and Rett syndrome, as well as to study normal neurodevelopment.
57
1
FACULTY FELLOWS AND STUDENT INSPIR ATION 4
G R A D U AT E S T U D E N T S The Hagler Institute provides life-changing opportunities for Texas A&M University graduate students. For each college that successfully recruits a Faculty Fellow, the Institute provides two $30,000 annual fellowships for top students to work with that visiting scholar. The Institute has funded, or committed to fund, 124 such fellowships. Many examples exist of fruitful and exciting collaborations between students and Faculty Fellows, including peer-reviewed articles in leading publications. Virtually every highly accomplished person gives credit to a mentor who offered pivotal inspiration at some crucial point in the past. By attracting the world’s best scholars, the Institute enhances
58
Texas A&M’s atmosphere of life-changing inspiration. Each scholar serves as an example of the outstanding achievements that result from dedication to pursuing new knowledge. The full impact of inspiration reveals itself only over time, but its immediate presence is evident. Students who have received Hagler Institute fellowships reveal many stories of inspiration and productive teamwork. Flavio Souza, a Hagler Institute fellowship recipient and a graduate student in the Department of Political Science, College of Liberal Arts, had the good fortune to work with Faculty Fellow Robert D. Putnam. Putnam is the Peter and Isabel Malkin Professor of Public Policy at Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government and a recipient of the National
Humanities Medal. Souza wrote, “Working with Dr. Putnam was an experience of a lifetime. While using my programming and methodological skills on his work, I gained essential researchdevelopment skills for my own research and dissertation.” Sakina Mota is a Hagler Institute fellowship recipient and graduate student in the Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering. She was first author on a stem cell research paper published with, among others, Faculty Fellow Maryellen Giger, University of Chicago, and Kristen Maitland, associate professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering. Megan Cloud, Hagler Institute fellowship student at the School of
2
3
1.
Robert Putnam presenting “Past as Prologue: How We Got Here and How We Can Renew America” at the Annenberg Presidential Conference Center at Texas A&M.
2.
H. Vincent Poor delivers the fall 2019 Eminent Scholar Lecture, “Smart Grid: The Internet of Energy.”
3.
Maryellen Giger, Sakina Mota, and Kristen Maitland at the International Society of Optics and Photonics meeting.
4.
Jerry Tessendorf discusses his Academy Award–winning water simulations and his contributions to the film Waterworld.
5.
Astrophysicist Robert Kennicutt Jr. (first row, far right), and Texas A&M faculty and students he worked with during his Faculty Fellow appointment.
Law, works with one of the nation’s most renowned law scholars, Faculty Fellow Richard Epstein, Laurence A. Tisch Professor, New York University School of Law. She wrote “I still find myself in disbelief that I had the opportunity to work with and learn from a scholar of Professor Epstein’s caliber.” Faculty Fellow Robert Kennicutt Jr., is one of the world’s most prominent astrophysicists, having co-led the team that measured the rate of expansion in the universe. In 2019, Kennicutt joined Texas A&M’s faculty in the Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Science. Vicente Estrada-Carpenter, a graduate student who worked in the department during Kennicutt’s residency, reported “Dr. Kennicutt has provided great advice towards this project. . . . This past year has been my most productive yet with the publication of my first paper
and the beginning of work on my second paper.”
U N D E R G R A D U AT E STUDENTS The Institute guides undergraduates and the broader university community to the frontiers of knowledge by sponsoring lectures and seminars. One example was the Hagler Institute’s fall 2019 Eminent Scholar Lecture by Faculty Fellow H. Vincent Poor, Michael Henry Strater University Professor of Electrical Engineering at Princeton University. The Institute also assists the undergraduate research program at Texas A&M by teaming students with Faculty Fellows who oversee their projects. One such collaboration was between five undergraduates from LAUNCH, the University’s undergraduate
research program, and Faculty Fellow Jerry Tessendorf, and professor of visual computing at Clemson University. Tessendorf received an Academy Award for his work on the movie Life of Pi. His water and fluid simulations have appeared in thirty-nine movies, including Titanic and Waterworld. Tessendorf supervised the team’s designs for a film simulation of the 1975 shipwreck of the SS Edmund Fitzgerald. At the 2018 Capital of Texas Undergraduate Research Conference held at The University of Texas at Austin, the A&M undergraduate team of Jasmine Derry, Yuan-Chi Lee, Lauren Hammond, Marisa Harris, and Kiara Stewart received the Award of Excellence for Best Presentation of a Creative Work.
P ast and F uture
5
59
FINANCIAL OVERVIE W In fiscal year 2017, Jon Hagler ’58 committed $10 million and a $10 million estate gift to help endow what is now the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study. Coupled with the Academic Master Plan funds ($1.8 million in 2016 dollars per year) and Heep Foundation earnings ($400,000 per year) committed by Texas A&M University President Michael K. Young, the Hagler Institute will serve permanently as a beacon of excellence at Texas A&M.
REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES The Institute’s current financing is enough to support an average of almost ten new Faculty Fellows per year. Looking forward, we see a new era of growth in Faculty Fellows to an average in the mid-teens each year. Two major contributors that enable the Institute’s growth are earnings from Jon Hagler’s cash endowment and earnings from endowed Hagler Institute College Chairs. During 2019, the Institute fully realized for the first time earnings from Jon Hagler’s cash endowment. Those earnings will be generated each year in the future. Faculty Fellow salaries are the Institute’s largest expenditures, accounting for about half of the financial outlays. Other expenses are operating expenses—staff salaries and fellowships awarded to graduate students to work directly on research with Faculty Fellows and their A&M faculty hosts.
CAS H E ND OW M E N TS A ND P L A NNE D E S TAT E G I F T S Former students such as Jon Hagler have provided impressive support for Texas A&M. For those alumni wanting to leave a legacy of ultimate academic excellence, the Hagler Institute is an ideal solution. For the life of the University, donors of a cash endowment or a planned estate gift will have their names associated with a series of the world’s most remarkable scholars. Endowed chairs for Hagler Faculty Fellows and endowed fellowships for graduate students to work with Faculty Fellows are among the most prestigious on campus. Three Hagler Institute College Chairs of $3 million each are fully endowed and are generating earnings for their respective colleges to support Faculty Fellows. Those chairs were funded by Trish and “Chaz” Neely ’62 (business), Dr. Eric Xu ’91 (biology/science), and Tom Powell ’62 (science).
60
FY19 REVENUES = $2,792,186
HEEP Foundation $400,000
Grants, Endowments, and Gifts $ 47 4 , 6 8 9
The first professor to establish an estate gift was Ozden Ochoa, professor emerita, mechanical engineering. Walter Buchanan, professor in the College of Engineering and a graduate of Purdue University and Indiana University, along with his wife, Charlotte, donated their estates to establish a chair for the College of Engineering. Professor Janet Bluemel and University Distinguished Professor John Gladysz, holder of the Dow Chair in Chemical Invention, both from the College of Science, have made provisions in their wills to potentially contribute to the Hagler Institute.
TAMU Funds $ 1 , 9 1 7, 4 9 7
Former Faculty Fellows are another unexpected source of support. Robert Skelton donated funds that the Hagler Institute matched, to endow a discretionary account emphasizing graduate student support. Katepalli Sreenivasan—from the first group of Fellows—made an impressive cash gift during this past year. Another former Faculty Fellow, Alan Needleman, did the same— not his first such contribution.
With that support, the Institute is moving steadily toward its goal of enhancing the recognition of academic excellence at Texas A&M. We invite you to join in supporting that prestigious mission.
FY19 EXPENDITURES = $2,211,623
Salary and Operating Expenses $610,378
Faculty Fellow Salaries
Student Fellowships $540,000
$1,061,245
P ast and F uture
A rewarding aspect of managing the Hagler Institute has been to see Texas A&M faculty members who are not former students contribute support for the Institute. Some have walked in unsolicited with a check in hand, and others have called to ask for help in making a planned gift to leave their estate to the Institute.
61
next CHARTING THE WAY FORWARD These are exciting times for Texas A&M University. A September 5, 2019, report by the Wall Street Journal placed Texas A&M among the nation’s top twenty public universities. The Hagler Institute’s goal is to help set Texas A&M on a trajectory to become the number-one public university in the United States. The Hagler Institute has added dramatically to the academic quality of Texas A&M University. The Institute’s increasing leverage holds tremendous promise for enhancing Texas A&M. The Institute has averaged about nine new Faculty Fellows each year for the last five years. In the immediate future, the Institute would like to increase the number of new Faculty Fellows into the teens. A long-term goal is to reach twenty Faculty Fellow appointments per year.
REACHING OUR LONG-TERM GOAL REQUIRES:
Hagler Institute College Chairs and graduate student fellowships are among the most prestigious in the University because they represent a perpetual sequence of world-class scholars. They also are among the largest endowed positions, at $3 million per chair and $800,000 per fellowship. These chairs and fellowships are permanently named for the donors. For our long-term goal of bringing twenty new outstanding scholars to Texas A&M, the Institute seeks donors of new estate planned gifts. The Institute’s planned gifts are established through The Texas A&M Foundation for the sole benefit of the Hagler Institute. These gifts can take many forms and can have beneficial tax advantages for the donor.
Abraham Lincoln said, “The best way to predict your future is to create it.” Please join our colleagues in the Legacy Society and help create the future by giving back to Texas A&M through the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study.
•
stronger “buy in” by underparticipating colleges to use the Institute to enhance their programs;
•
additional endowed Hagler Institute college chairs, at least one per college, to make Faculty Fellows more affordable; and
Associate Director Hagler Institute 979-458-5723 | cfry@tamu.edu or
•
additional fellowship endowments for graduate students to work with Faculty Fellows.
Jason Penry, Ph.D.
F O R I N Q U I R I E S , C O N TA C T
Clifford L. Fry, Ph.D.
A Hagler Institute College Chair ensures a college’s participation in the Hagler Institute’s mission for the life of Texas A&M. For the donor who wants to increase a college’s participation, funding a Hagler Institute College Chair is essential. Chair earnings typically pay for all costs of Faculty Fellows and are used only for that purpose.
62
Assistant Vice President Texas A&M Foundation 979-458-5913 | jpenry@txamfoundation.com
THE LEGACY SOCIETY E N D OW M E N T A N D CAS H G I F T S
Signature Donors $10,000,000 or more Jon L. Hagler, ’58
$1,000,000–$9,999,999
Trisha and L. C. “Chaz” Neely, ’62 Thomas W. Powell, ’62 Eric Yong Xu, ’93
$100,000–$999,999
Jerry (’72) and Kay Cox (’02) Foundation Judy and Robert Skelton Bradley L. Worsham, ’88
$99,999 or less
Altria Group Inc. Norm Abramson Jean-Louis and Janet Briaud Alan Needleman K. R. Sreenivasan L E G A C Y P L A N N E D E S T AT E G I F T S
Janet Bluemel Walter and Charlotte Buchanan Judy and Clifford Fry, ’67 John Gladysz Jon L. Hagler (’58) Foundation Elouise and John Junkins Ozden Ochoa Anonymous GRANTS
$100,000
The Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation Inc.
$50,000
Ed Rachal Foundation
Jack K. Williams Administration Building, Suite 305 College Station, Texas 77843-3572 hias.tamu.edu
PRODUCED BY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS