Symbiosis - Matthew Fuller, Raghed Naeem, Cong Chen, Adhika Pranawahadi

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MARC5010/20 NFPC

SYMBIOSIS MAT THEW FULLER RAGHED NAEEM CONG CHEN ADHIKA PRANAWAHADI

2021

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Contents 5 SITE 7

POLICY CHANGE

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INDUSTRY SHIFT

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SITE ANALYSIS

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DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

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CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE

32 SYSTEMS 34 LIFECYCLE

ARCHITECTURE IS A DICHOTOMY OF SIMPLICITY AND COMPLEXITY, AESTHETICS AND FUNCTION, BUT MOST IMPORTANTLY IT MUST BE ENVIRONMENTALLY CONSCIOUS TO AID IN BUILDING SUSTAINABLITY FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS.

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ARTIST IMPRESSIONS

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LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT

SYMBIOSIS 2

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CHALLENGES

01. Enforcing policy change.

02. Rehabilitating a highly contaminated site to create a healthy ecosystem with a mutulistic relationship.

03. Creating an efficient, Zero Carbon, modular design.

04. Upskilling factory workers to DFMA work, ensuring local jobs and opportunities are gained.

SYMBIOSIS EMBRACES THE CON-EXISTENCE BETWEEN HUMAN AND NATURE. THIS PROJECT WILL INVESTIGATE DIFFERENT NATURAL PROCESS AND MECHANISM TO PRESERVE THE OBSERVED INTERACTIONS BETWEEN DIFFERENT SPECIES OF LIFE. CATALYSING AND FOSTERING FOR THE WELLBEING OF THE LOCAL COMMUNITY AND ECOLOGIES. THE ARCHITECTURE OR ARCHITECTURAL RESOLUTION SHOULD SEEK TO RECONCILE WITH THE ESTABLISHED ORDERS OF THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, ACCEPTING THAT THE ARTIFICIAL CONSTRUCTS WILL INEVITABLY BE INCORPORATED INTO THE CYCLES OF BIOSPHERE AND LITHOSPHERE. THE ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTION WILL CONTRIBUTE POSITIVELY TO THE ENVIRONMENT IN THREE STAGES OF ITS LIFE, CONSTRUCTION, PRIMARY USE AND AFTERLIFE (END OF LIFE). THE PROJECT DRAWS PARALLELS TO CYCLES OF LIFE FROM BIRTH, GROWTH TO DECOMPOSITION.

SITE

41 11 45 COAL MINES

PRODUCERS

FINAL VOIDS

6050 HECTARES

Today, the Hunter Valley is home to more than 272,000 people and comprises 41 coal mines owned by 11 producers. It is spread over more than 450km, with coal haulage distance of up to 380km​ ​ At the heart of Hunter Valley, roughly two out of every five jobs are in the mining industry. After coal mining, the second highest source of employment is the defence industry, and the third is take-away food service ​ ​ Scale of total final voids; a total of 45 final voids covering 6,050ha were identified as are either planned or approved for NSW coal mines. By comparison, Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour) encompasses approximately 5,500ha.

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THE REMEDIATION PROCESS REQUIRES A CHANGE TO CURRENT POLICIES, THIS WILL HAPPEN IN VARIOUS STAGES

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Policy change at government level – Making mining companies responsible for land remediation. By having a government body manage this process we avoid conflicts of interest where mining companies traditionally seek to minimise their spend of mine remediation. ​ ​ Mine Reclamation Body (MRB)​

POLICY CHANGE

1. Establish government body for mine reclamation. Working directly with EPA & Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment. ​ 2. Commence nation wide study of historical mine reclamation costs and outcomes. Develop a compressive matrix to measure success of reclamation initiatives and develop a best practices approach for mine reclamation that will be used going forward.​ 3. Establish new taxation laws for mining corporations which will now have to pay a small percentage of mining profits into the MRB fund which will guarantee that there are sufficient funds available to achieve complete reclamation of all open cut mines.​ 4. Upon decommission of a mine the mining company relinquishes ownership to the MRB who then will oversee mine reclamation.​ 5. Independent monitoring & benchmarking of outcomes runs in parallel with the reclamation process to ensure targets are met.

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HEALING THE WOUNDS THE REMEDIATION PROCESS ALSO REQUIRES A SHIFT AND UPSKILLING OF FACTORY INDUSTRIES, AS WELL AS WORKING WITH THE INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY

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SHIFTING INDUSTRIES: Re-appropriating Liddell power station as a new hub for renewable energy distribution and advanced fabrication, taking advantage of the existing infrastructure and transmission lines of the soon to be decommission plant. ​ This will become the base of production for our project and then continuing production for a local industry boost, assisting the local industry to shift from mining to advanced fabrication. ​ The site will also offer training facilities funded by the MRB to upskill workers for this industry shift.

We aim to make the Hunter Region a new hub for advanced building manufacturing and renewable energy production.

SHIFT

LEVERAGING LOCAL KNOWLEDGE: Provide local employment opportunities and engagement for traditional landowners.​ The traditional lands of the Wonnaruah people are located in the Hunter Valley area of New South Wales.​ Wonnarua Mine Rehabilitation is a business owned by the Wonnarua Nation Aboriginal Corporation.

This business aims to provide jobs to indigenous people, and help build their careers in land management & rehabilitation.​ ​ WMR is based at Camberwell in the Upper Hunter, and already has experience in mine reclamation through agreements with Ashton Coal.

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MUSWELLBROOK, HUNTER REGION

ONE OF THE MANY OPEN PIT MINES IN THE HUNTER REGION, THE SITE HAS BEEN STRATEGICALLY CHOSEN AS A CATALYST FOR THE REHABILATION PROCESS, DUE TO ITS CLOSE PROXIMITY TO THE LIDDELL POWER STATION. THE POWER STATION IS DUE TO BE CLOSED IN 2023, THE OBJECTIVE IS TO REUSE THE POWER STATION AS A DFMA FACTORY FOR THE MODULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BUILDING. THE CLOSE PROXIMITY OF THE LAKE WAS ALSO TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION AS A WATER SOURCE TO ASSIST IN THE LAND SOIL FLUSHING SYSTEM.

SITE ANALYSIS 10

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HEALING THE WOUNDS T E M P E R AT U R E

NFPC CLOUDS In Muswellbrook, the average percentage of the sky covered by clouds experiences mild seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The hot season lasts for 3.7 months, from 23 November to 13 March, with an average daily high temperature above 28°C. The hottest day of the year is 25 January, with an average high of 32°C and low of 17°C.

The clearer part of the year in Muswellbrook begins around 17 July and lasts for 3.0 months, ending around 16 October. On 13 August, the clearest day of the year, the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 80% of the time, and overcast or mostly cloudy 20% of the time.

The cool season lasts for 2.9 months, from 25 May to 22 August, with an average daily high temperature below 19°C. The coldest day of the year is 30 July, with an average low of 3°C and high of 17°C.

The cloudier part of the year begins around 16 October and lasts for 9.0 months, ending around 17 July. On 23 November, the cloudiest day of the year, the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy 36% of the time, and clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 64% of the time.

TOPOGRAPHY SUN The topography within 3 kilometres of Muswellbrook contains significant variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 160 metres and an average elevation above sea level of 166 metres. Within 16 kilometres contains significant variations in elevation (598 metres). Within 80 kilometres contains very significant variations in elevation (1,626 metres).

The length of the day in Muswellbrook varies significantly over the course of the year. In 2021, the shortest day is 21 June, with 10 hours, 2 minutes of daylight; the longest day is 22 December, with 14 hours, 16 minutes of daylight.

The area within 3 kilometres of Muswellbrook is covered by cropland (43%), trees (27%), sparse vegetation (15%), and artificial surfaces (14%), within 16 kilometres by sparse vegetation (50%) and trees (25%), and within 80 kilometres by trees (63%) and sparse vegetation (21%).

P R E C I P I TAT I O N A wet day is one with at least 1 millimetre of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. The chance of wet days in Muswellbrook varies throughout the year.

HUMIDITY

The wetter season lasts 5.3 months, from 16 October to 26 March, with a greater than 22% chance of a given day being a wet day.

The chance of a wet day peaks at 29% on 1 February.

Muswellbrook experiences some seasonal variation in the perceived humidity.

R A I N FA L L Rain falls throughout the year in Muswellbrook. The most rain falls during the 31 days centered around 8 February, with an average total accumulation of 87 millimetres.

The least rain falls around 6 July, with an average total accumulation of 35 millimetres.

SITE ANALYSIS

The muggier period of the year lasts for 3.4 months, from 3 December to 17 March, during which time the comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or miserable at least 5% of the time. The muggiest day of the year is 6 February, with muggy conditions 22% of the time.

The least muggy day of the year is 10 July, when muggy conditions are essentially unheard of.

WIND The windier part of the year lasts for 8.8 months, from 19 June to 14 March, with average wind speeds of more than 8.7 kilometres per hour. The windiest day of the year is 18 January, with an average hourly wind speed of 9.6 kilometres per hour.

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WIND DIREC TION The wind is most often from the west for 5.7 months, from 4 May to 25 October, with a peak percentage of 49% on 11 August. The wind is most often from the east for 6.3 months, from 25 October to 4 May, with a peak percentage of 46% on 1 January.

SOL AR ENERGY The brighter period of the year lasts for 3.4 months, from 2 November to 15 February, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter above 6.9 kWh. The brightest day of the year is 30 December, with an average of 7.9 kWh.

SITE ANALYSIS

The darker period of the year lasts for 3.1 months, from 4 May to 7 August, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter below 3.8 kWh. The darkest day of the year is 17 June, with an average of 2.7 kWh. The calmer time of year lasts for 3.2 months, from 14 March to 19 June. The calmest day of the year is 28 April, with an average hourly wind speed of 7.8 kilometres per hour.

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THE DESIGN IS COMPOSED OF SEVERAL PARTS, ASSEMBLING TO CREATE A SYMBIOSIS. MUTULISTIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALL SPECIES ON SITE.

THE SITE WAS DEEPLY WOUNDED BY PREVIOUS COAL MINING ACTIVITIES, THE LAND COMPLETELY CONTAMINATED AND REFILLING IT, QUITE SIMPL WILL NOT FIX THE ISSUE.

MUTUALISM IS A SPECIFIC INTERACTION UNDER THE UMBERELLA OF SYMBIOSIS, CREATING POSITIVE OUTCOMES BETWEEN DEPENDENT SURVIVALS OF MULTIPLE SPECIES. THIS RELATIONSHIP IN ITS ESSENCE IS AN EXCHANGE IN BENEFITS BETWEEN MULTIPLE ORGANISMS, IN WHICH PARTICIPANTS UNDER THIS INTERACTION ARE CLASSIFIED INTO THREE CATEGORIES.

INTIAL DESIGN CONCEPT

DESIGN

SANCTUARY: THE DESIGN RESOLUTION SHOULD IDENTIFY AND PROTECT STRUGGLING LOCAL SPECIES, RESTORING HEALTH BIODIVERSITY INTO THE NATURAL HABITAT. SUPPLIER: PROVIDE FOOD OR NUTRITION OR CONTRIBUTE POSITIVELY TO SECURE LOCAL FOOD CHAIN. THE DESIGN RESOLUTION SHOULD IDENTIFY AND AND ASSIST IN RESTORING A HEALTHY FOOD CHAIN. SERVER: OFFERING ASSISTANCE IN FOSTERING THE HEALTH OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES AND THREATENED SPECIES. THE DESIGN SHOULD IDENTIFY THREATENED SPECIES, STRUGGLING TO SEL SUSTAIN AND ASSIST THEM TO REASSERT THEMSELVES IN THE LOCAL ENVIRONMENT.

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FINAL DESIGN

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NFPC The design is broken into three main parts, the labs, the soil flushing system and the renewable power energy source.

CONTEXT AXONOMETRIC

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SITE PLAN

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GROUND FLOOR PLAN

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LONG SECTION

WESTERN ELEVATION

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SHORT SECTION

MECHANICALLY OPERATED AIR EXHAUST

SERVICE PLANT MODULE

MECHANICALLY OPERATED TIMBER VERTICAL LOUVRES IN FACADE FOR SUN CONTROL

MECHANICALLY SERVICED LABS FOR THERMAL CONTROL

PLANTS USED FOR SHADING AND INCREASED IAQ

SHORT SECTION THERMAL ANALYSIS

HYDAULIC VENTILATION OPENING WITH FINE PARTICLE FILTER FOR FRESH AIR INTAKE

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NFPC A UNITISED DOUBLE SKIN FACADE IS USED TO PROVIDE PASSIVE AND ACTIVE THERMAL CONTROL. TIMBER VERTICAL LOUVRES ARE USED TO ALLOW FOR SHADING IN ALL ORIENTATIONS.

TIMBER JOISTS

STEEL MEGATRUSS

TIMBER COLUMNS WITH INTERNAL STEEL I-BEAMS FOR STRUCTURAL STIFFNESS

STEEL I-BEAMS

OPERABLE VERTICAL LOUVRES

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1. FOUNDATION

2. SUPPORT TRUSS

3. MAIN TRUSS

4. TRACKS

5. MODULES

6. FACADE

7. ROOF

8. GREEN HOUSE

9. ACCESS

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CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE

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SOUTH EAST CORNER

MEGA TRUSS MODULE

FACADE

MEGA TRUSS MODULE

COMPLETED BUILDING

PRE-FAB LAB MODULE BEING DROPPED OFF

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PERSPECTIVES

ACCESS AND GREEN HOUSE

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SYSTEMS

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SATELLITE SYSTEM LIFE CYCLE

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1. Site excavation for satellite structure.

2. Building the foundation in which the negative space mimics natural habitat of fona found in trees, for post-occupation of the site.

3. Completion of satellite which is a catalyst for the cleaning of the site through the soil flushing system.

4. Once the remediation process is complete, the modular parts are de-constructed and taken to a new site, leaving behind the limestone tower, which absorbs salinity on site and becomes a new home to species on site.

5. The limestone tower gradually gives itself back to the natural elements.

6. The limestone tower is almost completely taken over by nature.

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LABS LIFE CYCLE

Excavation of site.

Operation of the labs and land remeditation is initiated.

Scaffolding and construction sequence, assembling the modular parts.

De-construction of the modular building post-land remediation.

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LABS LIFE CYCLE

The land is then taken over by nature.

Labs interior render

Growth and thriving nature on site.

Staff Lounge area

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ARTIST IMPRESSIONS

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LIFECYCLE ASSESSMENT PRODUCTION EMISSIONS:

ENERGY OFFSET

EXTERIOR STRUCTURE 14,849.56 t CO ²

TREE CARBON STORING 15.7 Tones per Hec Per Year 92 x 15.7 = 1444.4 t

MODULES 42.92 t CO ² Per Module Total: 1073 t CO ²

CARBON SEQUESTRATION 900 KG CO ² Per Cubic Metre

FACADE 10.623 t CO ² Per Mod Total: 63.738 t CO ²

TIMBER TOTAL m ³: 245.008 m ³

SOIL FLUSHING SYSTEM 11,919.9 t CO ²

ON-SITE POWER GENERATION

TOTAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION: 220.5072 CO ²

MED ELECTRICIY CONSUMPTION BY SIMILAR BULDINGS: 34282 KW

TOTAL: 27,906.198 t CO ²

SOLAR PANELS 432 PANELS AT 400 w Per Panel HYDROPOWER 1095 Mwh Per year

CONSTRUCTION EMISSIONS: 306 t CO ² TRANSPORTATION 2220.4 Grams CO ² Per Travel

FORMULAS

CO2 EMISSIONS PER m³ OF MATERIAL

STEEL: 8 tonnes/ m³ CONCRETE: 0.87 tonnes/ m³ CLT: 0.875 tonnes/ m³ NOTE: ALL CALCULATIONS ARE APPROXIMATE ALL FORMULAS ARE BASED ON AUSTRALIAN MATERIAL PRODUCTION STATISTICS

TRANSPORTATION TIMBER: 0.5 tonnes/ m³ SATELLITE LIMESTONE: 2.2 tonnes/ m³

182 GRAMS OF CO2 PER KM DFMA FACTORY TO SITE: 12.2 KM

GLASS: 6 tonnes/ m³

POLYCARBONATE: 0.74 tonnes/ m³

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HEALING THE WOUNDS ARIANNA BRAMBILLA THANK YOU

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