Salt. Freshwater - Shehzad Jeevaji, Prarthana Thirunarayanan

PORTFOLIO REPORT | MARC5020

SALT. FRESHWATER Composite Hybrids SOPA SYDNEY OLYMPIC PARK PRECINCT KRONOS HILL / WENTWORTH COMMONS

BY SHEHZAD JEEVAJI & PRARTHANA THIRUNARAYANAN

PORTFOLIO REPORT | MARC5020

CONTENTS CHAPTER 1.

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER 2.

SITE ANALYSIS

CHAPTER 3.

SITE CONCEPT

CHAPTER 4.

RULE-BASED SYSTEMS

2.1 Site Context 5 2.2 Kronos Hill / Wentworth Commons 6 2.3 Site Issues - Water & Contaminated Land 8 2.4 Site Opportunities - People 9

3.1 Concept Mind Map 11 3.2 Biophilic Case Study 12 3.3 Architectural Case Study 13 3.4 Reverse Osmosis Process 14 3.5 Concept Adaptation and Script Base Rules 15

4.1 Script Concept 17

4.2 Script 01 - Stereotomic Case Studies 18

4.3 Script 02 - Tectonic Case Studies 19

4.4 Script 01 - Phase 1 Explorations 20

4.7 Script 02 - Phase 1 Explorations 23 4.10 Phase 2 - Merging Scripts 26

4.11 Script 01 - Phase 2 Explorations 28

4.12 Script 02 - Phase 2 Explorations 29 4.13 Form Finding 30

CHAPTER 5. DISCOVERY CENTRE PROPOSAL

5.1 Precinct Concept 35 5.2 Site Plan 38 5.3 Function and Circulation Mapping 39 5.4 Reverse Osmosis System Implementation 40 5.5 Solar Access Shading + Energy Gain 41 5.6 Material Studies - Salt 42 5.7 Material Application Concept 45 5.8 Construction Process 46 5.9 Timeline Structure Aggregation 48 5.10 Floor Plans 50 5.11 Sections 52 5.12 Discovery Centre Proposal Views 56 5.13 Meta-Drawing 66 5.14 Sectional Perspective 68 5.15 Model Photos 70 5.16 SWOT Analysis of System 76

CHAPTER 6.

1. ABSTRACT

EXTRAS

6.1 Presentation Video 79 6.2 Brainstorm Boards 79 6.3 References 80 6.4 Appendices 81

The project site – Kronos Hills and Wentworth Commons (part of the Sydney Olympic Precinct), totalling 40 ha in size and containing remediated landfills, freshwater wetlands, frog ponds and underpasses, provides a primary habitat for the endangered Green and Golden Bell Frogs and numerous water-birds and insect-eating bird species. With its large open recreational spaces, it provides ample facilities for public leisure and play activities.

The site is affected by primary issues like destruction of natural reserves, existing freshwater wetlands and ecosystems due to rising sea levels from increasing rainfall averages. Freshwater sources will be impacted by the subsequent increase in salinity. Furthermore, as sea level rises, the disruption to the remediated lands will exacerbate leachate and acid sulphide leakages into water-bodies. Besides this, there is an increasing demand for human access from visitors and fast developing neighbourhoods putting the current amenities under high duress.

Our proposal develops the site as an environmental preservation and education zone highlighting water management strategies for the current times and the predicted future. Explorations into existing systems of extracting freshwater from seawater led to an innovative adaptation of a biophilic system seen in Mangrove roots and leaves, the Reverse Osmosis process, applied within an architectural system that can aggregate over time. Freshwater being the primary product with the by-product of concentrated salt water utilised in farming salt on the architectural structure. The farmed salt is reused in constructing/growing this architectural structure over time. Our explorations into salt as a raw construction material have revealed strategies providing potential methods to construct on difficult terrain, as well as a unique natural shading device that builds over time. As the sea level rises, the structures develop providing growing supply of freshwater and habitats for local fauna, within a continuous sustainable loop of farming salt and aggregating the pods as required.

These structures can be designed to offer various amenities to the booming local communities. Existing amenities under stress, with the possibility of disappearing as sea level rises, can be reinstated through the aggregation of these structures.

The discovery centre will be the first introduction of this proposal for this site. It will offer unique experiences for visitors, in the form of interactive installations with salt water, climbing structures, leisure and café areas overlooking freshwater ponds.

Furthermore, educating visitors about water management strategies, and offering guided bike tours along Haslams creek.

Site development aims to address and meet the key targets for the UN sustainability goals of Clean Water & Sanitation, Life below Water and Affordable and Clean Energy. To assist in the concept development, two rule-based scripts have been generated to address the requirements of reverse osmosis system – firstly to provide minimal surfaces with parameters of variable enclosed volumes and slopes necessary for inducing the required pressures, and secondly networks of minimal points and lines on surfaces with related density, extent, and offset parameters to induce different efficiencies of filtration.

By 2100, these pods will have been scattered across the flooded land connected by new bike paths offering the locals new leisure amenities and freshwater supply whilst introducing growing habitats for the now endangered flora and fauna species.

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2. SITE ANALYSIS 2.1 SITE CONTEXT

SITE ANALYSIS

• Sydney Olympic Park is centrally located in the corridor between the Parramatta CBD and the Sydney • Given the availability of land, transport infrastructure and synergies with adjoining areas, Sydney Olympic Park, as part of the Greater Parramatta to Olympic Peninsula (GPOP), has been identified as a strategic centre in the Greater Sydney Commission’s A Metropolis of Three Cities and Central City District Plan.

• It occupies 640ha and offers rich metropolitan attractions, extensive sporting and recreational facilities, and generous public spaces that are ideal for hosting major events.

No comparable individual venue or cluster of facilities is found elsewhere in NSW.

TO RYDE & PYMBLE

PA RR AM AT

TO BL PAR UE RA MO M UN AT T TA A & IN S

TA

RI VE R

SOPA PRECINCT

TO SY DNEY HAR B C BD & OUR

TO BANKSTOWN

• Sydney Olympic Park’s extensive parklands are of significance for the whole community and, as they mature, will play an increasingly important role in Sydney’s recreational and environmental life. In the twenty-first century they will become a great green lung for Sydney.

• Our site within the Sydney Olympic Park - Kronos Hill and Wentworth Commons is situated next to Haslams Creek, at the northern end of Olympic Boulevard.

WENTWORTH POINT

RHODES

PARRAMATTA WHARF

SILVERWATER

HASLAMS CREEK SOPA

CONCORD

LIDCOMBE

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2.2 KRONOS HILL / WENTWORTH COMMONS • Kronos Hill is 22 hectares in size and contains three remediated landfills, two large constructed freshwater wetlands, 23 constructed frog ponds and five frog underpasses providing primary habitat for the Green and Golden Bell Frogs.

• Wentworth Common is an 18 hectare site and was the former location of the State Brickworks. It is now a large open recreational space providing picnic shelters, free barbecues, pedestrian/ cycle paths, toilets and parking. There is also an adventure playground featuring a flying fox with a sandpit, a slide, climbing frame, swings and shade sails. A smaller playground for younger children has a water-play area, swings and a giant sandpit.

• Wentworth Common has significant value as habitat for the endangered Green and Golden Bell Frog and other frog species, as well as numerous water-bird and insecteating bird species.

Wentworth Point Rhodes Silverwater

PARRAMATTA WHARF

HASLA

MS C R

EEK 5

WENTWORTH COMMONS

3

4 6

SITE

KRONOS HILL

1

• Historical reference: Gregory Blaxland (1778-1853) started his first agricultural enterprise setting up a salt making factory in 1808 with an experienced salt maker (William Rutter, 1766-1812, former superintendent of Lymington Salt Works) who applied the Lymington method to produce the first usable salt in the colony from the marshes on the Parramatta River and Haslams Creek

PYRAMID Public Space / Lookout Page l 6

Concord

Newington SOPA

2

1

2

3

OSMOSIS Public Art

4

HASLAMS CREEK Walking + Bike Trail

CHILDREN’S PLAYGROUND / SAND PIT Public Space

5

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GOLDEN BELL FROG Public Art

WATER MANAGEMENT Education (WRAMS) 7 l Page

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2.3 SITE ISSUES

2.4 SITE OPPORTUNITIES

SEA LEVEL RISE + INCREASE IN SALINITY

PEOPLE - EXISTING CONDITION

• The predicted extreme sea rise of 1.25m by 2100 will cause destruction of the nature reserves, flora and fauna habitats, and existing Nuwi Wetlands. Fresh water sources will be impacted by the subsequent increase in salt.

• Increase in demand for human access as local population booms. Current amenities are under stress and the lack of site connectivity is causing overcrowding at certain points whereas other sites like the natural reserves are being under utilised.

SEA RISE (2100) +1.25M

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SILVERWATER

B

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1000m Radius 12min Walk B P

500m Radius 5min Walk

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NEWINGTON B S AU

SC REE K

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SLA M

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SOPA

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BO D

Key Public Attractors

Existing Bike paths

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Key

UL

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Key

B

Bike Hire Spots

Nature Reserves

B

Bus Stops & Route

Sea Rise Extents

P

Existing Parking

Existing Wetlands

T

Train Station

CONTAMINATED LAND POISONING + INCREASED RAINFALL

FUTURE CONDITION (2030+)

• Increase in sea level and rainfall will exacerbate leachate and acid sulphite leakage into the water system and surrounding water-bodies disrupting the ecosystems.

• The site has the potential to be developed as an environmentally strong preservation and education precinct.

Future connections will help implement our strategies.

P

F

SILVERWATER

DEVELOPING PRECINCT

B L

NEWINGTON

SOPA

New Bus Stops & Route

D

Existing Vehicular axis

AR EV

T

UL

Existing Pedestrian axis

BO

New Green Link

C

New Bike hire spots

PI

Key

Remediated Lands

New Bike path

Acid Sulfide Soils

Nature Reserve Land use

Nature Reserve Land Use

Existing Wetlands

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New Precinct Extents B

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SLA

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HA

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CRE EK

B

Key

NEW PRECINCT (COMMUNITY)

NEW PRECINCT (COMMUNITY)

Leisure & Play Land use L

New Light Rail link

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3. SITE CONCEPT

3.1 CONCEPT MIND MAP MAIN ISSUES

SEA LEVEL RISE + LACK OF FRESHWATER SOURCES

Destruction of existing freshwater ponds and habitats of flora and fauna Excess in Salt content in water sources Disruption of existing public amenities - bike paths and leisure spaces Disruption of remediated and acid sulfate lands SOLUTION

WATER MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENTS

Case study - Biophilic Case study - Architectural adaptation Sustainable approach - Reverse Osmosis Architectural adaptation

SYSTEM

SITE CONCEPT

ARCHITECTURE MODULES

REVERSE OSMOSIS ADAPTATION

MAIN PRODUCT

BY PRODUCT

CONTINUOUS SUPPLY OF FRESHWATER INTRODUCE NEW HABITATS

CONCENTRATED SALTWATER SALT FARMING AND CONSTRUCTION

RULE BASED SYSTEMS Stereotomic and Tectonic Scripts (Adaptation of osmosis system and pod form finding) Script 1 (Stereotomic) - Minimal surfaces with parameters of variable enclosed pod volumes and slopes necessary for inducing the required gravity-assisted pressures for osmosis process.

Script 2 (Tectonic) - networks of minimal points and lines on surfaces with related density, extent, and offset parameters to induce different efficiencies of filtration and salt farming.

SITE DEVELOPMENT

PROPOSAL

Developed as an environmentally strong preservation and education precinct with leisure amenities.

Stage 1 - Discovery Centre Zone (Education and Entertainment) Stage 2 - Research Centre Zone (Habitat Preservation) Stage 3 - Leisure Zone (Existing Amenity Extensions)

NOW AND FUTURE

PRODUCT TIMELINE (SEA LEVEL RISE) FRESHWATER 2021 - Storage and habitat (for existing freshwater wetlands) 2100 - Renewable source of freshwater supply and habitats

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SALT FARMING 2021 - Salt consumption 2100 - Salt as raw construction material for aggregation of modules

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3.2 BIOPHILIC CASE STUDY - MANGROVES

3.3 ARCHITECTURAL CASE STUDY - FLOATING DESALINATION STRUCTURE

• Mangroves utilise natural osmosis process of salt separation through filter layers in roots and leaves. Through pressure fresh water is extracted and salt is flushed away.

• Mangrove roots extract the freshwater which is stored and circulated through the central vessels. The air-pathways/filter layers gather the salt and flush it through the leaves.

• Mangrove leaves farm the salt on the surface. Once enough salt has built up over time, the weight causes the leaf to fall, thereby getting rid of the salt with a growth of new leaves.

• A concept exploration of desalination system applied into an architectural scheme in Chicago.

• Traditional heat desalination components readdressed into an architectural form. The system works by pumping salt water into an elevated pond. Through solar power heat is generated to boil the water. The dome covering the pond collects the evaporation and feeds the freshwater into water tanks to be used for agriculture. The architecture hosts and operates the system whilst being utilised for other human centric functions.

• Designed as pods/modules that can be aggregated across the site as needed with a simple connection/bridge in between.

salt farming/shedding in leaves

freshwater

Aggregation of desalination pods

salt water

Mangrove - Natural osmosis process of salt separation through filter layers in roots

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Desalination process adaptation into an architectural system

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3.4 REVERSE OSMOSIS PROCESS

3.5 CONCEPT ADAPTATION AND SCRIPT BASE RULES

• Reverse Osmosis - a system of extracting fresh water from salt water without heat. Instead pressure is used hence making it a more efficient and sustainable approach.

• Reverse Osmosis works by using a high pressure pump to increase the pressure on the salt side of the RO and force the water across the semi-permeable RO membrane, leaving almost all (around 95% to 99%) of dissolved salts behind in the reject stream. The amount of pressure required depends on the salt concentration of the feed water. The more concentrated the feed water, the more pressure is required to overcome the osmotic pressure.

• Reverse Osmosis key components translated to site with initial form ideas that address the requirements of the system through our rule-based systems.

• Requirement 1 (Script 01) - variable slopes to allow gravity assisted pump pressure (Number 3) • Requirement 2 (Script 01) - variable enclosed spaces to host services (pumps), water storage (freshwater ponds) and water media filter tanks (Number 2) • Requirement 3 (Script 02) - variable filtration piping structures with density, extents and offset variations to induce different efficiencies in filtration as needed

SYSTEM

1 2

3

REVERSE OSMOSIS ADAPTATION

MAIN PRODUCT

BY PRODUCT

CONTINUOUS SUPPLY OF FRESHWATER INTRODUCE NEW HABITATS

CONCENTRATED SALTWATER SALT FARMING AND CONSTRUCTION

SEA WATER SUPPLY - HASLAMS CREEK Connecting to existing pipeline structures PRE-TREATMENT SYSTEM - Sea water pumped from service room to media filter tank above to remove all external contaminants REVERSE OSMOSIS PROCESS - Filter through surface piping structure (gravity and pump assisted osmosis)

4

FRESHWATER STORAGE - Filtered water to fresh water pond and storage tanks below.

5

SOLAR PANEL SURFACE - Power pumps and building infrastructure

6

SALT FARMING SURFACE - Potential to harvest salt from brine by-product

2 3

3

Traditional Reverse Osmosis necessary system components

5 6 2

4

HASLAMS CREEK 1 (SEA WATER)

FRESHWATER WETLAND

General concept of the process Page l 14

Industrial scale system - relative scale of filtration piping 15 l Page

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4. RULE BASED SYSTEMS 4.1 SCRIPT CONCEPT

RULE BASED SYSTEMS

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4.2 SCRIPT 01 - STEREOTOMIC CASE STUDIES

4.3 SCRIPT 02 - TECTONIC CASE STUDIES

The Tectonic script was majority inspired from spider webs and urban element on site like the climbing frame. Frei Otto’s works, which explores optimised path systems, using threads to establish networks of minimal pathways were looked into.

This highlights the ways in which form-finding can occur through natural self-organising systems and point and line networks.

Works of Vlad Tenu “ Synthetic nature” and Eva Hild’s ceramic sculptures were the inspiration for the stereotomic form.

Vlad Tenu’s “Synthetic Nature” is a collection of prototypes which is a genesis of form and space. It involves nature inspired algorithms and geometrical constraints focussed on minimal surfaces.

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They are typically multidimensional symmetric, repetitive and infinitely expandable. Eva Hild’s ceramic works in general are delicate continuously flowing entities meandering closed movements.

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4.4 SCRIPT 01 - PHASE 1 EXPLORATIONS

SCRIPT 01 - INITIAL CONCEPT RENDERS 3D VIEW 01

Minimal surfaces are those that have a minimal total surface area given the volume. The most common example of minimal surface is soap bubble formed between one or more loops.

The base unit selected for initial form exploration was the Schoen’s Batwing minimal surface.

Minimal surfaces are symmetric along at least two planes.

Hence modelling one surface and mirroring it along the required plane can give us the final minimal surface form.

They can also be modelled using simple geometry in a cube.

ARTIFICIAL REEF HABITATS FOR MARINE SPECIES

3D VIEW 02

The base unit for form exploration built in a cube, with control points based on one face of the cube. Since base form is built by mirroring one single surface (made on one of the cube’s faces) along radial planes, changing any parameter will result in uniform change throughout.

PUBLIC PAVILION AND ART INSTALLATION Page l 20

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4.5 SCRIPT 02 - PHASE 1 EXPLORATIONS

SITE

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SCRIPT 02 - INITIAL CONCEPT RENDERS Initial script explorations looked into integrating the filtration pipes as an elevated canopy surface structure that can filter nearby sea water into a freshwater supply to the existing frog ponds. The surface can then have solar panel inserts to power the osmosis process services. The key parameters are the surface point and line connection network types with density and spread variables for different filtration efficiencies. The frame offset parameters based on points/surfaces allows for creating climbing structures and potential volumes for fauna or people habitation at different scales.

3D VIEW 01

POINT AND LINE NETWORKS (DENSITY AND SPREAD)

• Process - Pick safe anchor points from site model. Generate surface between points to populate with points (pattern as a parameter). Organize points in a regular pattern (parameter of offsets of different shapes) around key site points like frog ponds and trees. Elevating each point according to varied z value (parameter based on attractors and distance or graph mapper). Generate a mesh between points (Weaverbird plug-in) and using Kangaroo 2 Physics engine to stretch the mesh according to anchor points inputs creating different densities and spread as the surface is stretched.

CONNECTING CANOPY OSMOSIS STRUCTURE OVER FROG POND - CLIMBING VOLUMES (LOOKOUTS)

3D VIEW 02

FRAME (OFFSET) • Process - Picking particular points (red) based on the structural points of site trees and urban elements, and selecting closest mesh and anchor points as the inputs into a Proximity Tree node. Generating a jittered web frame structure that is then fed into the Kangaroo Physics engine with particular settings to produce a more organic web frame structure similar to Frei Otto’s string experiments.

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STRUCTURE FOR MIGRATING BIRD NESTS AND FRESHWATER FILTRATION TO EXISTING FROG POND Page l 22

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SCRIPT 01 - MODEL PHOTOS

SCRIPT 02 - MODEL PHOTOS MODEL PHOTO 01 - RESIN PRINTER

MODEL PHOTO 02 - DAYLIGHT STUDIES

OCTOBER - DECEMBER Page l 24

APRIL - AUGUST 25 l Page

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4.6 PHASE 2 - MERGING SCRIPTS Type 1

Layers of the building form

This merging system involves Script 2 or the spider the network to act as a supporting structural frame to host the voluminous and spacious form derived from minimal surfaces.

Apart from acting as a structural member for the form, it hosts the pipes of the water filtration system.

Salt is sprayed onto the minimal surface shell, which could be made of an elastic membrane, from a distance, from the pipes hosted on tectonic network. Salt sprayed gives a diffused and evenly finish to the shell.

Type 2 Unlike type one, where one script is developed within another, type 2 is simpler in nature.

The tectonic network still acts as a structurally supporting framework for the stereotomic system, which hosts the salt water filtration tank.

Unlike type 1, there is formation of salt as the process occurs.

The homogeneous type of merging scripts looks at developing one script over another, making one completely dependent on the other. This gives us the opportunity to merge the two scripts into one completely. This also provides us with an opportunity of optimising the interior spaces (of stereotomic system) by controlling the parameters of tectonic system, which is developed over the other, in an efficient manner.

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4.7 SCRIPT 01 - PHASE 2 EXPLORATION

4.8 SCRIPT 02 - PHASE 2 EXPLORATION Script 2 acts as a patterning script with a potential to form either regular or irregular network with surface points

A denser pattern can be derived by using an attractor point on the surface. The density, extent of network and position of network on a surface can be parametrically controlled.

The corresponding image shows a relatively(from the previous two images) denser network.

A jittered network in perpendicular direction can be derived by offsetting the parent surface.

The minimal surface form explored in Phase 2 is the Primitive minimal surface or the Schwarz P. This can be constructed using three circles along three different axis. Equal length of corresponding arcs on the circles are connected with a longer arc. A surface can now be made with a parametrically controllable center point which gives the dip, defining the overall volume of the form.

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This single surface is them mirrored on 4 planes, to form the complete primitive minimal surface.

Parameters such as openings, length of each of the spouts with openings, dip of one single surface and the longer arc which again controls the volume of the overall form can be controlled individually.

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4.9 FORM FINDING Option 1

Education Block

Entry Block

Entertainment Block The Pyramid

Olympic Blvd

Curves from site, along which building modules can be designed were identified. Points on curves dictate the position of form modules. These points can be adjusted along the length of the curve individually. Modules were then oriented at different directions with points on curves adjusted and the curve points offsetted to test out iterations.

View 3 Olympic Blvd

View 1

Step 1 Step 1 Involves selection of a basic unit of primitive minimal surface with elliptical openings. The unit is then cut across xy plane.

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Step 4 Positive views, Access points and networks studied to design position of openings and entrances.

View 2

Traditional Form Finding Technique Traditional form finding technique involves cutting, scaling, chiselling and layering to derive a form which caters to the functional and aesthetical needs of the building.

Step 2 The cut unit is now multiplied thrice to form three different blocks (dictated by the function of the building).

Option 4

Step 3 This step involves laying out options of arrangement of the three blocks on site. The selected one being Option 1, where the three blocks are positioned to open out to each other.

The Entertainment block is positioned to be seen from main access road, giving it a scope to attract people in. While the Education block is positioned behind Entry block, for easy service and bike access. Entry Building positioned at the end of existing Haslams Pier.

View 1

The Pyramid

Step 2

Option 3

View 2

View 3

Grasshopper aided Form Finding Technique

Option 2

Entertainment Block

Entry Block

Education Block

Vehicular Path Pedestrian Path Cycle Path

Step 5 Scaling of the building modules according to importance, functional needs and surrounding context.

The Entertainment and Education blocks are designed to be higher than Entry block, to not tower over the Pyramid hill.

Volumes of the blocks dictate what the users perceive from different points on site, apart from catering to the functional needs. Entertainment block is designed with lesser volume. The tall and slender form combined with shorter, wider and bulkier Entry block reduce the overall scale of the three combined building block, when observed from Olympic Boulevard.

When observed from a shorter distance, the Education block which would seem massive due to the height and volume, make the overall building seem massive, adding surprise factor for the users entering through existing Haslams Pier.

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Entry Block

Step 6 This step is uses findings from the previous steps to derive the final form of the three individual blocks by trimming and merging two or more of the basic units from step 1.

Step 8 and 9 All the surfaces of the building blocks host the tectonic surface networks. The multiple layers give the script to form variations of the network. When physically observed, these surface after application of script, provide an interesting ambience indoor. They imitate the forest, creating a Komorebi effect ( light trickling through foliage).Highlighted surfaces of the blocks were layered and the layers were chiselled at places that didn’t require multiple layers functionally. These layers again host the tectonic network.

Educational Block

Entertainment Block

Step 10 Entry Block: Designed to have larger surface network openings and density, to let give easy access to animals and birds for the freshwater pond. A large slit seen on Southern lower facade which provides visual access of surrounding site to humans.

SOUTH Facing Surfaces

Educational Block

Step 7 The building blocks, arranged on site according to option from Step 3, are now tilted along their central access towards to sun by 11 deg for the following reasons.

1. Cast shadows during peak solar radiation hours from 11am-1pm on the lower floors.

2. Decrease shadows on southern facades to increase useful daylight entering the building.

3. Add a unique characteristic visually, making it more interesting aesthetically.

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Entry Block

Entertainment Block

Educational and Entertainment blocks: Larger network surface openings seen on lower outer layers, smaller openings on upper levels.

The southern facade has larger surface network openings.

The highlighted surfaces host PV glazing.

Entertainment Block

Entry Block

Educational Block

NORTH Facing Surfaces 33 l Page

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5. DISCOVERY CENTRE PROPOSAL 5.1 PRECINCT CONCEPT

STAGE 1 DISCOVERY CENTRE ZONE

STAGE 3 LEISURE ZONE

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SYDNEY OLYMPIC PRECINCT MASTERPLAN (2030+)

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DISCOVERY CENTRE PROPOSAL

STAGE 2 RESEARCH CENTRE ZONE

OVERALL CONCEPT PLAN • Our site will be developed as an environmental preservation, research and education precinct providing nature walking/ bike trails (RED) connecting the site and leisure amenities, with prominent access links to local developing neighbourhoods (green links) and the Sydney Olympic Park precinct through the Olympic Boulevard.

• Development proposed in three stages Stage 1 - Discovery Centre Zone - First introduction of architecture structure pods/modules and reverse osmosis system on site with new elevated freshwater pond/habitat. It will offer unique experiences for visitors, in the form of interactive installations with salt water, climbing structures, leisure and café areas overlooking the freshwater ponds.

However, its main purpose will be to educate visitors about water management strategies and its advancements through installations and info panels, as well as offering bike hires with guided bike tours along Haslams creek.

Stage 2 - Research Centre Zone - The base architectural module will be adapted to enclose a flora and fauna habitat research and preservation. Located at the existing salt marsh and mangrove nature reserves with man-made frog ponds, the structures will be elevated and are imagined to host larger freshwater pond habitats for research into freshwater ecosystems. Additionally the by-product of incorporated reverse osmosis systems, salt through farming, can be further explored for potential applications in wider construction.

Stage 3 - Leisure Zone - The existing amenities are under threat of being disrupted by the sea level rise. As the last stage, once the sea level begins to impact the existing amenities closer to the wharf, our structures can be introduced with control as an extension providing the amenities needed at the time or reintroducing any lost amenities under water.

• Our proposal will highlight Stage 1 - Discovery Centre Zone and how the later stages can be introduced through our developed strategies as applied in stage 1.

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AERIAL SITE PROPOSAL VIEW

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5.2 SITE PLAN

5.3 FUNCTION AND CIRCULATION MAPPING

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HASLAMS CREEK

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NEW BIKE PATH CONNECTION

THE PYRAMID

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FRESHWATER WETLANDS

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ENTRY BLOCK - FRESHWATER POND HABITAT

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BLUE - CIRCULATION POINTS

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ENTERTAINMENT BLOCK - CLIMBING FRAME / NET

5

ENTRY BLOCK - CAFE / PUBLIC RELAXATION AREA

3

EDUCATION BLOCK - ADMIN, BIKE HIRE, GIFT SHOP

6

LOOKOUT / INTERACTIVE INSTALLATION 39 l Page

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5.4 REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

5.5 SOLAR ACCESS SHADING + ENERGY GAIN

SOLAR ENERGY FED TO PUMP SYSTEM AND GRID

2

1-3PM SOLAR CAPTURE

3

2

9-11AM SUN CAPTURE

1

4

SALT TO FRESH WATER 1

2

SEA WATER SUPPLY - HASLAMS CREEK Connecting to existing pipeline structures PRE-TREATMENT SYSTEM - Sea water pumped from service room to media filter tank above to remove all external contaminants (leachate)

SOLAR ACCESS + SOLAR ENERGY STRATEGY 3

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REVERSE OSMOSIS PROCESS - Filter through surface piping structure (gravity and pump assisted reverse osmosis process) FRESHWATER STORAGE - Filtered water to fresh water pond and storage tanks below. Freshwater pond positioned to become a new habitat.

• Solar Panel Insets (Oxide Aluminium back sheet semi flexible solar panel): Two key surfaces are chosen to host these insets according to the summer (yellow) and winter (orange) sun paths providing 2-3 hour sun capture throughout the day and feeding the energy gains to power the pump services (continuous feedback loop for system established with excess fed back into the grid) • Salt Farming Panel Insets (detailed on pg47): The surfaces all have a fabric panel inset designed to farm salt but being strategically located on the surfaces according to the daylighting needs of the functions. For example, the main freshwater pond, cafe and public entry area have limited covering to capture 3-4 hours of daylighting at the time of prominent activity.

UN SUSTAINABILITY GOAL

UN SUSTAINABILITY GOAL

TARGETS (2030)

TARGETS (2030)

• Protect and restore water-related ecosystems, wetlands and creeks, include water harvesting, desalination, supply of freshwater, and educating communities on water management.

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11AM-2PM SUN CAPTURE IN MAIN PUBLIC AREA

• Increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix.

• Aim to double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency and recycling.

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5.6 MATERIAL STUDIES - SALT SALT AS A RAW MATERIAL - BY-PRODUCT OF REVERSE OSMOSIS PROCESS • Current explorations into salt through farming as a construction material have revealed very positive opportunities for the architectural community.

• Construction strategies in exploration currently are 3d printing, baking and heat compression, and methods of salt crystallization on surfaces.

• Each strategy provides certain benefits in strength, thermal and water resistant properties, and provide unique light transmission and reflection properties and various surface textures.

SALT STRATEGY 1 - STRUCTURAL • The process of 3d printing and manually compressed and baked blocks/panels provides a self-supporting structural construction system.

These processes provide additional benefits: • Compressive Strength - stronger properties then rammed earth walls. Allows for supporting larger load capacities.

• Waterproof - compressing and baking process results in a finish to the block/panel (the texture can be rough or smooth) that offers water-resistant properties increasing the life-cycle of the material with the potential to build on submerged terrain.

MANUALLY COMPRESSED BAKED SALT BLOCKS

Variations in block/panel sizes and finished textures

3D PRINTING - SALT MIXTURE/PASTE WITH ADHESIVE

Variations in block details and porosity through the 3d printing process Page l 42

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SALT STRATEGY 2 - SALT FARMING / ARCHITECTURAL SHADING

5.7 MATERIAL APPLICATION CONCEPT

• Salt Crystallization process is always undertaken on a surface (preferably tightly meshed surface - fabric, metal etc) over a period of time. There are 2 methods applied in crystallization - through solar access (experiment 1) or submerged underwater (experiment 2).

• The base form designed as a structure with a central axis core and bulging out in the center, lends to certain applicable salt strategies.

• The base of the structure, landing in freshwater wetlands and required to take maximum load, is made up of four precast panels (utilising strategy 1 - manually compressed and baked panels/blocks) transported to site and connected to form a self-supporting structure.

• The floors and ramps, needing to be lightweight yet strong enough to support live loads and facade shell loads, utilise strategy 1 - industrial 3d printing process.

• The facade shell made up of piping frameworks and panel insets utilise strategy 2 - solar induced crystallization on the detachable fabric panel insets within the framework for salt farming.

This process provides architectural benefits in design: • Opportunities for salt farming • Potential unique architectural shading device - surfaces can utilise solar method to shade areas depending on salt water mist density on the surface and its orientation to the sun path.

• Various surface texture depending on time and salt build up.

SALT CRYSTALLIZATION PROCESS SALT WATER INSTALLATION AT LOOKOUT (REFER TO 3D VIEW PG64-65)

EXPERIMENT 1 - Salt deposits aggregated through solar exposure on mesh/fabric misted with salt water.

EXPERIMENT 2 - Items submerged in salt water - methanol used as a catalyst for crystallization

FACADE SHELL STRATEGY 2 CRYSTALLIZATION ON FABRIC PANELS - SALT FARMING (DETAILED ON PG47)

FLOORS AND RAMPS STRATEGY 1 3D PRINTING (DETAILED ON PG46)

BASE STRATEGY 1 BAKED PRE-CAST SALT PANELS (DETAILED ON PG46)

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5.8 CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

DETAILS - SALT FARMING AND SYSTEM INTEGRATION

STEP 3

NO PANELS TO ALLOW DIRECT SUNLIGHT

FACADE SHELL STRATEGY 2 Crystallization of surface - base piping framework are assembled on the structure floors and lifted in place connected to the floors and base

RECYCLING FARMED SALT TO AGGREGATE PODS ON SITE

DETACHABLE PANELS

R ATE SHW

FRE

FABRIC PANELS - SPRAYED SALT WATER

SALT R WATE GEOTUBE COVERING

FABRIC PANEL INSETS WHERE SHADING IS NEEDED (FILTERED SUNLIGHT)

STEP 2

FLOORS AND RAMPS STRATEGY 1 3d Printing with Robots and base scaffolding

• Each surface is designed as a kit of parts - filtration pipe with connection joints. Within the assembled piping framework surface, detachable fabric panels for farming salt are connected (these panels are applied according to shading requirements for the relative functions, and the surfaces orientation to the sun paths).

• The piping cross-section explains how the inner filtration cavities function and how salt farming can be achieved based on the traditional industrial piping used in the reverse osmosis process. The outermost cavity containing the salt water flow is crucial in its position, it introduces an innovative feature when adapted into the architectural design of the proposal allowing to spray the salt water as a mist through the nozzles onto the attached fabric panels (salt farming).

• Unique architectural shading device - where the detachable fabric panels are installed on the surfaces, the salt will aggregate over time depending on the factors such as solar exposure, humidity and temperature providing the management means to automate the infrastructures internal climate through control over the nozzles spraying the salt water mist on the fabric panels. The aggregation will enable different daylight transmission through the surfaces over time.

• Salt farming - recycling farmed salt from the detachable fabric panels to be used in the construction of module aggregates.

5-6 MONTHS BUILD UP

1-2 YEARS BUILD UP

3-4 YEARS BUILD UP

STEP 1 BASE STRATEGY 1 Baked pre-cast panels transported to site and lifted in place by central core crane

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5.9 TIMELINE STRUCTURE AGGREGATION Aggregation through a sustainable feedback loop process of salt farming using salt as a recyclable raw material for construction. Specifically applied in creating the base precast panels and in the salt paste/mixture utilised in the 3d printing process. As the pods aggregates, the structures can evolve to address different functions and accommodate various base forms to suit different terrain (slope) conditions.

2100+ Through further aggregation across the site as sea levels have begun to impact the neighbouring suburbs, the pods can address the restablishment as well as the required expansion of the amenities needed by the built up residential neighbourhoods such as Newingtion for providing community services.

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2050 As sea level rises, the existing freshwater wetlands will be submerged. The pods can aggregate over this site, introducing elevated freshwater ponds using the sea water below, thereby replenishing the lost freshwater supply for both human-centric uses and freshwater pond habitats for the endangered flora and fauna.

CURRENT The Discovery Centre proposal will introduce the first elevated freshwater pond over the existing freshwater wetland. The pond will act as an additional habitat for the local fauna of the wetlands as well as an additional source of freshwater supply to monitor the wetlands freshwater levels for maintaining the existing ecosystem of the wetlands flora and fauna.

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5.10 FLOOR PLANS GROUND FLOOR PLAN

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UPPER FLOOR PLAN

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5.11 SECTIONS SHORT SECTION (AA) - THROUGH ENTERTAINMENT BLOCK 1

PRE-TREATMENT / SERVICES

2

ENTERTAINMENT - CLIMBING NET

3

LOOKOUT / INTERACTIVE INSTALLATION

3

2

1

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LONG SECTION (BB) - THROUGH ENTRY AND EDUCATION BLOCK 1

FRESHWATER POND

4

BIKE HIRE

2

CAFE

5

PRE-TREATMENT / SERVICES

3

ADMIN - TICKET AREA

6

GIFT SHOP / PUBLIC AREA

2

6

3

1

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4

5

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5.12 DISCOVERY CENTRE PROPOSAL VIEWS 3D VIEW - FROM EXISTING PUBLIC SPACE AND ART INSTALLATION

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3D VIEW - FROM PIER INTO ENTRY STRUCTURE

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3D VIEW - INTERIOR OF EDUCATION BLOCK

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3D VIEW - INTERIOR OF ENTERTAINMENT BLOCK SHOWING CLIMBING FRAME AND RAMP TO LOOKOUT AND INSTALLATION

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3D VIEW - LOOKOUT AND SALT CRYSTALLIZATION INSTALLATION IN ENTERTAINMENT BLOCK

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5.13 META - DRAWING (FUTURE SITE VISION)

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5.14 SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE VIEW - TIMELINE SALT SURFACE GROWTH AND POD AGGREGATION

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5.15 MODEL PHOTOS - SITE

SUMMER EQUINOX

WINTER EQUINOX Page l 70

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MODEL PHOTOS - SURFACE DETAIL

SUMMER EQUINOX Page l 72

WINTER EQUINOX 73 l Page

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MODEL PHOTOS - SURFACE DETAIL

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5.16 SWOT ANALYSIS OF SYSTEM STRENGTHS Sustainable supply of freshwater.

Maintenance and creation of new freshwater pond habitats for local fauna and flora.

WEAKNESSES Heavy rainfall impact on salt farming surfaces and heavy wind impact on the structure.

Transportation for base pre-cast panels to construction site can be a challenge for difficult site conditions

Aggregation potential for various sea level conditions Unique architectural shading device - salt farming

Process of harvesting salt and maintaining the fabric panels needs to be further explored for practical considerations

Sustainable construction through recycling farmed salt Adaptable forms for various functional integrations Can be built on various terrain conditions Construction process efficacy supporting nearby heritage, nature reserves or existing urban elements Meeting UN Sustainable targets for goals 6,14 and 7

OPPORTUNITIES Potential to develop into a successful construction methodology for sustainable freshwater supply and wetlands applicable to various terrain conditions

THREATS Structural integrity can be affected by natural disaster situations such as Earthquakes, Cyclones

Potential economical gains from salt farming in varying sea level conditions The surface piping framework can host different types of panel inserts such as agricultural panels for saltwater flora growth, solar panels for energy farming structures

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6. EXTRAS

6.1 PRESENTATION VIDEO Discovery Centre Proposal Presentation Video (Fly-through at the end) - YouTube Link - https://youtu.be/KpT2ilFEvQU

EXTRAS

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6.2 BRAINSTORM BOARDS •

PHASE 1 Initial Brainstorm Session - MIRO Board Link - https://miro.com/app/board/o9J_lP_SoZo=/

•

PHASE 2 Initial Brainstorm Session - MIRO Board Link - https://miro.com/app/board/o9J_lHkXBcw=/

•

PHASE 1 Pinterest Board - https://pin.it/4BDbMCi

•

PHASE 2 Pinterest Board - https://pin.it/smrXV5A

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6.3 REFERENCES • Agkathidis, A. (2016). Generative design: Hachette UK.

6.4 APPENDICES PHASE 1 EXPLORATIONS

• Bobenko, A. I., Hoffmann, T., Springborn, B.A.,. (2008). Minimal surfaces from circle patterns: Geometry from combinatorics.

• Carlson, C. (2021). Erez Nevi Pana constructs “small scale architecture” from Dead Sea Salt. Retrieved from https://www.dezeen.com/2021/02/22/erez-nevi-pana-dead-sea-salt-building-crystalline-blocks-ngv/ • Chandy, J., Joucka, R.A.;. (2012). Hybrid Biostructures. (Master of ARchitecture). Architectural Associal School of Architecture, Retrieved from http://hybios.blogspot.com/ • Etherington, R. (2013). Pavilion made of 3d-printed salt by emerging Objects. Retrieved from https://www. dezeen.com/2013/12/12/3d-printed-salt-pavilion-emerging-objects/ • Feringa, J., & Søndergaard, A. (2014). Fabricating architectural volume: stereotomic investigations in robotic craft. Fabricate: negotiating design & making, 2, 76-83.

• Furuto, A. (2012). Sustainable Market Square Competition Entry. Retrieved from https://www.archdaily. com/300920/sustainable-mar- ket-square-competition-entry-nikolovaaarso-na?ad_medium=gallery • Gougoussis., A. (2016). Studio Air. Air by University of Melbourne. Retrieved from https://issuu.com/ antigonegougoussis5/docs/journal • Ibrahim, N., N.,. (2020). Salt Formation center Designed by Ahmed Darwish.

• Karcher, H., & Polthier, K. (1996). Construction of triply periodic minimal surfaces. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 354(1715), 2077-2104 • Keller, P. (2010). An Augmented Ecology of Wildlife and Industry. Retrieved from http://blog.fabric.ch/ index.php?/archives/2010/02/23/C8.html • Mcdonald, A.). Isle of Grain: An evolving Industrial Landscape.

• Paramatta River South Bank. Retrieved from http://www.visitsydneyaustralia.com.au/waterways-west.html • Rogers, S. A. GEOtube Building Grows its Own Lace-Like Sea Salt Skin. Retrieved from https://weburbanist. com/2010/09/25/ge- otube-building-grows-its-own-lace-like-sea-salt-skin/ • Salt and Sugar in Hot and Cold Water. Retrieved from https://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/multimedia/ chapter5/lesson6 • Sequin, C. H. (2019). mathematicsArticleTurning Hild’s Sculptures into Single-Sided Surfaces • Stinson., L. (2013). This Death Defying Sculpture is a Bouncy Castle for Adults. Retrieved from https://www. wired.com/2013/11/this-awesome-sculpture-is-a-bouncy-castle-for-adults/#slideid-323651 • Strange Attractor Architecture. (2021). Retrieved from https://www.northernarchitecture.us/spatialdesign/a.html • Tukiainen., M. (2021). Sunrise,Sunset, Dawn and Dusk times around the World. AIR Architecture Journal.

Retrieved from https://www.gaisma.com/en/ • WeWantToLearn.net. Retrieved from https://wewanttolearn.wordpress.com/category/resources/software/ grasshopper/page/3/ • What is Reverse Osmosis? Retrieved from https://puretecwater.com/reverse-osmosis/what-is-reverseosmosis • Wilcox, K. (2016). Facade made of Salt adds spice to Living Structure. Retrieved from https://www.asce. org/magazine/20161025-facade-made-of-salt-adds-spice-to-living-structure/

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META DRAWING INITIAL CONCEPT

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PRARTHANA THIRUNARAYANAN 490599802 pthi2978@uni.sydney.edu.au MARC5020 Composite Hybrids PORTFOLIO REPORT - SOPA

SHEHZAD JEEVAJI 490349193 sjee8408@uni.sydney.edu.au