Odyssey 2021: Planning Graduate Exhibition Catalogue

Planning

2021

Odyssey 2021 © ISBN: 978-0-6484458-3-8 Published for ‘Odyssey 2021’, The Sydney School of Architecture, Design and Planning Graduate Exhibition 2021.

First published in 2021 by Harvest: Fresh scholarship from the field.

A Freerange Press imprint.

Sydney School of Architecture, Design and Planning University of Sydney Wilkinson Building 148 City Road University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Editors Kate Goodwin Adrian Thai Designer Adrian Thai © Odyssey 2021 This book, Odyssey, and all works depicted in it are © editors and contributors, 2021. All rights reserved.

The Graduate Exhibition elective was run by Kate Goodwin, assisted

by Phillip Gough and Adrian Thai.

The exhibition was devised by the following architecture and design students: Monica Chen, Sue Cho, Yunchen Gong, Kazi Nabil Hasan, Christina Hatgis, Aimee Louise Jeffries, Peter Jorgensen, Jing Yuan (Claire) Lee, Skye Li, Shiya (Vivian) Liang, Lillian Liao, Zihe (Zoe) Lu, Celine Noviany, Lachlan Paull, Andrea Pino Nunura, Alex Pribula, Claire Say, Jiawen Sun, Aldrich Tan Kah Kei, Andreas Thoma, Harry Tse, Isabel M H Tseng, Yu-Wen (Monica) Tsui, Viswajith Unnikrishnan, Harry Wiraputra and Ting (Judy) Zhao.

The Graduate Exhibition was realised by the External Engagement team, Steven Burns, Juthamus Marsh, Adrian Thai. The Exhibition has been supported by Iakovos Amperidis and Tin Sheds Gallery team, with Zoe Skinner, Dylan Wozniak-O'Connor and the Design Modelling and Fabrication team, and by SDRS.

We acknowledge and pay respect to the traditional owners of the land on which the University of Sydney is built: the Gadigal people of the Eora Nation. We pay respect to the knowledge embedded forever within the Aboriginal Custodianship of Country.

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Contents

6

DEAN’S WELCOME Robyn Dowling

8

EDITORIAL Kate Goodwin

10

FOREWORD Nicole Gurran

12

THINK PIECES

14

Coming Good to Country Elle Davidson (Balanggarra)

18 Parenting in Proximity to Others

Jennifer L. Kent

22 MASTER OF URBAN

DESIGN, MASTER OF

URBANISM, MASTER OF

URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING 66 URBAN AND PLANNING REPORTS 88

STUDENT EXCELLENCE

92

SPONSORS

Odyssey

School of Architecture, Design and Planning

6

Dean's Welcome

Robyn Dowling Head of School and Dean, Sydney School of Architecture, Design and Planning

Odyssey

The Sydney School of Architecture, Design and Planning sits proudly on Gadigal land, where Aboriginal people have taught, learnt and nurtured since time immemorial. As the 2021 academic year began, the School welcomed new students with activities on the site now known as Gadigal Green, once a popular Gadigal fishing spot in Blackwattle Creek. It also welcomed students joining us from dozens of countries across the world, studying remotely for the 1st or 2nd year. By late June, the Wilkinson Building – the material fabric that anchors our vibrant and diverse community that is welcoming of all – fell silent. Stairwells emptied, homebases sparsely occupied, public lectures stopped. As I write this, Wilkinson remains in hibernation.

Teaching, learning and nurturing continued however beyond Wilkinson. Staff and students spread across Australia and the world – Kamilaroi, Dharug, Melbourne, Beijing, Mexico to name a few. In tardis-like fashion, the teaching and learning spaces of the Wilkinson Building expanded.

The School had a physical presence across all continents (perhaps not the Antarctic). Dining tables became fabrication spaces. Bedrooms became sites to design creative interfaces. Local parks presented design challenges to solve. Communities of students and teachers were built across time zones and vast distances.

Through the disruptions of 2021 the School’s commitment to educate students to contribute to inclusive and sustainable futures remained undiminished, fostering imaginative, compassionate and unconventional approaches. Academic staff across the disciplines asked students and each other to learn new ways of working and to develop creative responses to the challenges of a global pandemic. Our newly appointed Professors of Practice supported graduation cohorts across our degrees and, especially relevant to this catalogue, in curating our first hybrid – virtual and in-person – graduate exhibition. And in making sense of our place, the School returns to the Wilkinson Building and Gadigal land as our graduating students move beyond these concrete walls and laptop screens, all the richer for the expanded spaces in which the School now dwells.

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Editorial

8

Collectively

Kate Goodwin Professor of Practice, Architecture, Sydney School of Architecture, Design and Planning

Odyssey

This year’s exhibition graphic of topographic islands evokes the Odyssey journey and represents the three disciplines of the School; architecture, design and planning, showcased together for the first time in several years. They evoke the mountains students climb in each course and respective discipline as they develop knowledge and build resilience; they symbolise the importance of cross-fertilisation of ideas between the different fields; and they invite us to share the unique journey of this year’s graduating students.

For us all, the year has undoubtably been a journey, with unexpected challenges and revelations. What will we take away from these experiences? In the fields of design and the built environment, in education, as in practice, we have seen how peer-to-peer learning and collaboration enrich how we question, challenge and innovate. Conceiving and producing this year’s Graduation Exhibition has been a collaborative effort like never before. Online and largely unknown to one another, architecture and design students from five courses came together in an elective to devise the exhibition conceptually, physically and virtually, breaking down disciplinary language barriers to share perspectives and skills. Teams of talented staff have worked to translate their vision, adapting to changing circumstances and making the physical exhibition a reality. While this catalogue may show the work of individuals – a selection of student projects from across degrees and think pieces from staff and a student – these works and ideas are enhanced and supported by friends, peers, family and tutors.

The pandemic has shown the possibility for global co-operation and the ability to make change at an unprecedented speed, it has also exposed the deep inequality imbedded in geopolitics and society close to home. These times calls for us to think collectively and act collaboratively. The student's journey has only just begun and it is exciting to think that they will be at the forefront of innovations that can make our cities and lives more sustainable, equitable, connected and rewarding.

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School of Architecture, Design and Planning

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Foreword

Nicole Gurran Professor, Head of Planning, Sydney School of Architecture, Design and Planning

Odyssey

How should urban professionals confront the unresolved legacies of colonisation, rising socio-spatial inequality, public health emergencies, or the climate crisis? Across the Urbanism discipline in the Sydney School of Architecture, Design and Planning, students and academics have engaged with these questions and more over the past, tumultuous twelve months. Despite the trials of distance and remote learning, our students and School have applied the theory, techniques, and practices of urban planning, design and heritage conservation to solve new and emerging challenges affecting cities and regions across the world.

The collection of think pieces, design synopses, project snapshots and research overviews presented here offers a small window into what is a rich collective achievement. It reflects the range of disciplines and knowledge systems that underpin our student and teaching community, with transformative leadership from Aboriginal Planning Lecturer Elle Davidson (Balanggarra), and academic expertise across urban planning, architecture, geography, history, environmental management, data science, economics, and law. Drawing heavily on metropolitan Sydney (which straddles the Eora, Darug, Dharawal and Gandangara nations) as an extraordinary context for teaching, learning, and research, our work also engages with regional and international cases and collaborators from across the so-called global north and south.

Overall, the voices and perspectives shared here offer much cause for hope that amidst the urgent challenges of the 21st century, a new generation of urban professionals will lead us towards more restorative, inclusive, and sustainable urban and regional futures.

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THINK PIECES

13

Think Pieces

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Coming Good to Country

Elle Davidson (Balanggarra) Aboriginal Planning Lecturer

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Image: Wianamatta-South Creek. Credit: Greater Sydney Commission.

Western Sydney Aerotropolis Plan 2019.

Dialogue about Country is flooding the built environment industry and consuming professionals and teams at unprecedented rates. Many are grappling with what this means for their projects and are confronted by their lack of confidence in engaging in these yarns. There is a widening realisation that our education system has failed us and created a noticeable gap in truly understanding Country, community and culture. I would propose that there are lessons to be learned through cultural pedagogies to facilitate processes that are coming good way to Country.

Coming good way means having the intentions for Country and her health. This entails deep listening that can enhance thinking to how built practices incorporate and embed Country and First Nations design principles in project work. New concepts, principles and theories are constantly shifting expectations requiring industry to adapt and learn. This promotes the emergence of First Nations specialists and leaders to guide a broader community of professionals into forging new pathways in our projects.

The Draft Connecting with Country framework from the Government Architect New South Wales encourages Country centered design achieved through listening to knowledge holders and embedding translations of what is expressed into a project. The health of Country attributable to those who can help you listen to Country, is elevated to an integral part of any project team. I have witnessed incredible shifts in value placed upon this knowledge and these voices, something that has been silenced for too long. The shift in dialogue and levels of surprise from Traditional Custodians and knowledge holders is clear as they are brought into a process that once locked them out has been a real privilege.

Professionals who have been in industry for decades are now confronting colonisation and exposing themselves to truth telling at levels that differ from the past. It is difficult to quantify the impact of this new paradigm on budget, timeframes, methodologies and outcomes as this is a rapidly evolving space that profes-

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Think Pieces

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shift thinking and embed Aboriginal perspectives early in the planning process. A new chapter in the Western Sydney Aerotropolis Development Control Plan is a legislative mandate that requires projects to recognise Country through the cultural landscape, built form, language and naming. These requirements were developed in collaboration with Traditional Custodians and support from cultural advisors Michael Mossman, Dillon Kombumerri, Daniele Hromek and Tanya Koeneman.

At the recent NSW Planning Institute of Australia awards, the Recognise Country: guidelines for development in the Aerotropolis received the Presidents Award.

This firmly cemented the work as a leading practice guide for planners and professionals in the built environment. It was a great pleasure to share this moment with Dharug Traditional Custodians.

Our urbanism students have actively engaged with these guidelines and principles by applying to their future or current projects. From studios to urban form, design to engagement and policies and processes, students are increasingly given the opportunity to understand the broad considerations of Country. Students have commented on how vital this teaching equips them for engaging deeply with Aboriginal perspectives through culturally rich pedagogical learning environments.

The urbanism group is leading the conversation on these issues and we will continue to create cultural safe spaces for rich and deep dialogue about Country, community and culture. Developing capacity amongst students to embark on their own personal journey of change is a critical and exciting focus across our units of study. This focus encourages individuals to develop personally-connected intentions and attitudes when working in this space and an approach of coming good way to Country.

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sionals have not quantified previously. This is leading to the most important shift within ourselves. The journey of addressing our own colonised thinking requires questions of the cultural frameworks that each of us possess along with inherent biases and assumptions. We are dealing with something that is personal and requires humility. These are not distant concepts that we can learn from other specialists, these are deep rooted ways that each individual must question.

Our education system has failed us in preparing for this journey. We are not equipped with the skills to engage in this process or understand why this is necessary. Although there is a wide range of resources and opportunities for self-directed learning, there is a real lack of safe places to engage in this process guided by Aboriginal people that are specific to the built environment industry.

Within our urbanism units, we have identified layered learning opportunities for students to engage in this dialogue and open themselves up to this process.

We regularly invite guests to present their work to open dialogue or yarn and encourage students to engage and pose questions. One of our guests, Rob Appo, a Minjungbal man from the Bundjalung Nation in Northern NSW, notes a genuine thirst for knowledge amongst students. Our yarn about his work in collaboration with Tweed and Byron Shire Councils to set up a new process for working with cultural heritage sites. He noted that not a fortnight passes without people enquiring about the work they are pioneering and how deeply engaged and committed the planners are to achieving better outcomes for Country.

A large catalyst for these learning opportunities is centred around work occurring in Western Sydney and how Country, community and culture are being embedded into planning and design. The Western Parkland City and plans for the future Aerotropolis will cause irreversible changes with the development of a new city and region on Dharug Country. Through the lens of the Draft Connecting with Country framework, project teams are required to start with Country and listen to knowledge holders. However, the Dharug people do not have a legislated voice for Country and the complexities of working in this region are difficult to navigate. Importantly for these voices, legislative mechanisms are critical to ensure professional practice acknowledge, understand and embed these engagement throughout the whole project.

The Recognise Country: guidelines for development in the Aerotropolis are providing strong foundations to

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Think Pieces

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Parenting in Proximity to Others: The Importance of Transitions, Temporalities and Trajectories.

Jennifer L. Kent Senior Research Fellow

Odyssey

Image credit: Jennifer L. Kent

Introduction and Background Healthy built environments are often conceptualised as higher density environments. For example, higher residential density has been associated with increased uptake of physical activity, more social interaction within the community and with providing better access to healthy food options.

For many Australians, and particularly in some stages of life, the cultural and practical default is the detached dwelling as a preference. Living in density throughout the whole life course therefore challenges the status quo, and requires transition in Australian cities. To facilitate a transition that realises the health benefits associated with density, and minimises any harm from disruption, it is imperative to understand the experiences and identified barriers to higher density living, particularly for groups traditionally associated with lower density housing (Raynor 2018). Parents of young children represent one such group (Easthope et al. 2011), and this study contributes to a growing body of qualitative research that records the experiences of parents in density (for example Kerr et al. 2021; Andrews et al. 2018, Andrews et al. 2019; Opit et al. 2021). Its points of departure are the structural and cultural barriers to parenting in density identified by previous research. Previous research demonstrates that density in Australia is not designed to accommodate families. Bathrooms are too small, balconies are hazardous and common areas are uninviting for play. Neighbours unaccustomed to children living in density resent the intrusion of toys, bikes and prams in common areas, and parents are concerned about conflict with neighbours over the normal noises of childhood. Two additional and very specific obstacles need to be added to this established litany of barriers and both relate to the actual process of densification in Australian cities. These are related to the timing of both

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Think Pieces

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Andrews, F., J. Shelley, S. Rich and A. James (2018). “Mothers’ ideals and experiences of raising children in inner and outer suburban Melbourne, Australia.” Community, Work and Family 21(1): 17-32.

Andrews, F. J., E. Warner and B. Robson (2019). “High-rise parenting: experiences of families in private, high-rise housing in inner city Melbourne and implications for children’s health.” Cities and Health 3(1-2): 158-168.

Easthope, H. and A. Tice (2011). “Children in Apartments: Implications for the Compact City.” Urban Policy and Research 29(4): 415-434.

Kerr, S.-M., N. Klocker and C. Gibson (2021). “From backyards to balconies: cultural norms and parents’ experiences of home in higher-density housing.”

Housing Studies 36(3): 421-443.

Mason, M. and N. Virgona (2021). Healthy Higher Density for Kids: A Qualitative Study. Sydney, New South Wales Health.

Opit, S., R. Kearns, K. Witten and E. Fergusson (2021). “Density in the Suburbs: Families with Children Adapting to Living in a Medium Density Social Housing Development.” Urban Policy and Research.

Raynor, K. (2018). “Social representations of children in higher density housing: enviable, inevitable or evil?” Housing Studies 33(8): 1207-1226.

the construction and occupation of density, and they have the potential to derail the ability to build healthy built environments in Australia.

Method These understandings are informed by a report associated with the Healthy Higher Density for Children project – an examination of the perceived health effects associated with living in higher density housing for children (0-5 years) in the City of Parramatta (CoP) local government area (LGA). Qualitative data was collected using semi-structured interviews with 20 parents.

Parents identified positive and negative experiences of living in an apartment with young children (Mason et al.

2021).

I think we feel that we would be denying our child something if we raised her in an apartment setting.

I think that kids need places to play and I think that apartment buildings don’t have that. They don’t have a backyard, they don’t have fresh air.

For many study participants living in density was temporary, yet for the potential of density to be realised, our cities need these parents to remain.

Conclusion In conclusion, these two aspects of temporality relate to both structural and cultural components of the densification process that will need to be addressed for the transition to higher density cities in Australia to become a reality. By highlighting a temporal dimension to the shift, new avenues to encourage living in density through the life course can be explored.

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Results The first aspect of temporality that is problematic is that the temporality of childhood is at odds with the timeframes of the property development and planning systems, which detracts from the experience of raising children in density.

It may seem obvious, however for families to live well in a higher density environment, density itself needs to exist as a structure. The fact that Parramatta contains higher density housing reflects a rapid process of urban activation initiated by the rezoning of commercial land to residential uses. The construction of apartment buildings to fulfill this opportunity has dragged on, as construction in a developer driven planning system tends to do, echoing the highs and lows of the housing market.

The legacy is that the area is a perpetual hive of building activity. Of relevance to families living in ‘Parramatta under transition’ is that this creates an environment of instability, and experiences of the negative externalities of construction such as dust, noise, and dangerous footpaths. These material outputs of the densification process make parenting in density difficult. The noise interrupts day time sleep, and the constant dust forces windows closed. Walkability of the immediate neighbourhood environment is compromised by the clutter of parked construction vehicles and damages the footpath itself. While the impact is seemingly temporary to the development industry and the planning process, to the timeline of childhood its experience is a lifetime. This impact needs to be considered seriously in assessing the staging of development.

The second aspect of temporality flagging a potential barrier to densification through the life course is that many study participants indicated their ambition

is to transition out of density towards a larger home as children age. Participants described a sense that their ability to care for children not yet of school age was not compromised by space limitations, but as children grow this may become problematic:

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MASTER OF URBANISM MASTER OF URBAN DESIGN MASTER OF URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING 23

Master of Urbanism/Master of Urban Design/Master of Urban and Regional Planning

24

25

Nancy Marshall Associate Professor, Program Director, Master of Urbanism, Master of Urban Design, Master of Urban and Regional Planning

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Please let me congratulate all of our students for a very successful 2021! Despite the unusual circumstances of this year, I know our staff and students enjoyed teaching and learning new concepts and thinking about the big global issues influencing our cities and regions. This graduation catalogue represents some exemplar works from many of our units from our Master of Urban and Regional Planning, Master of Urbanism, and Master of Urban Design degrees. This work is just a small representation of our students practicing and perfecting their new planning and design skills. The catalogue and exhibition display works across content areas such as housing, urban design, land use and infrastructure, heritage conservation and master planning. It also spans different scales of thinking – from site specific precincts to metropolitan infrastructure projects to state and national policy influence.

I would like to thank our teaching team for all of their hard work and efforts in 2021. Our team of teachers and tutors (who are cutting edge researchers, theoreticians and practitioners, many who are currently working in both academia and industry) help produce planning and design graduates who are ‘job-ready,’ experts in their disciplinary field and enabled to lead our cities and towns in their efforts to be sustainable, inclusive, livable and productive.

The Odyssey theme of this graduation exhibition and catalogue celebrates our graduates’ exciting journey through their degrees and their personal journeys and events throughout their tenure – there have certainly been many! Our students have been studying from all over the world this year – a huge achievement working across time zones and technology.

Students arrive in our programs with a cognate discipline and leave ‘thinking and shaping spaces’ as an urban designer, a heritage conservation specialist or a planner. Our graduates will inevitably be designing and redesigning our city and regional spaces and places for the benefit of community life. As you will see from these works, students have applied new learning and honed existing skills to the challenges set for them in the classroom. The learning environments were rich and meaningful for the staff and students as demonstrated by these works.

On behalf of the Urban Discipline, I wish our graduates great success as they expand their professional networks and begin planning, designing and managing the places where we live, work and play. All the best to the class of 2021!

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Fortune Telling the City – Ingleburn, Macquarie Fields and Minto 2100 Deena Ridenour

Master of Urban Design/Master of Urbanism

Urban Design Studio: Urban Precincts

The studio interrogates conventional approaches to transit-oriented urbanism, currently practiced in Sydney and investigates future urbanisms that seek to repair the binary between the constructed city and the natural to create a more liveable, healthy, equitable and sustainable city.

Urban consolidation, compact cities and transit-oriented development policies have shaped Sydney’s urban growth by distributing increased density along and around transport corridors. The current planning for the Ingleburn, Macquarie Fields and Minto are exemplars, which concentrate taller buildings and higher density immediately adjacent and within walking distance of the existing train station. The transit-oriented form aims to promote an efficient use of urban land with easy transport access to deliver urban liveability and greater well-being for its citizens. But how well does this model Care for Country and heal the planet?

Heightened concerns for climate change and environmental emergencies, such as the urban heat island, drought, bushfires, flooding, sea level rise and species extinction, have mandated the need to design a city that mitigates, adapts and repairs the changing environment. Alternative urban models that expand on the principles of ecological urbanism, biophilic cities, and landscape urbanism prioritise natural systems and solutions, such as blue and green infrastructure strategies, and reconceptualise the distribution and performance of our urban spaces, landscapes, and water cycles.

These two approaches can be in opposition and are often competing for the same space. Urban form solutions are needed that address both the systems inherent in the structure of the city – its movement and ecological networks – and the quality of the built environment that shapes the daily life of people. Underpinning both is a desire for performative outcomes that deliver high quality liveability for all people and the planet.

As existing centres, the future of Ingleburn, Macquarie Fields and Minto is inherently tied to their past, their indigenous, cultural and their existing urban structure. The long-term master plan will adopt a life centred approach that aims to respond to the needs of the current and future inhabitants. The NSW Governments Draft Connecting with County challenges us to shift our view from human-centre to Country-centred to create a more sustainable city (GANSW 2020). The opportunity is to reinterpret Jan Gehl’s often stated “First life, then space, then buildings, the other way around never works” (2010) to create a new vision for future Australian city.

Tutors Deena Ridenour Cindy Ch’ng Simina Simaki Thank you to the design jury practitioners and Campbelltown City Council participants: Callantha Brigham Sarah Fayad Gabriela Fernandez Diana Griffiths Rana Haddad, Campbelltown City Council Lynne Handcock Jan McCredie Pete Murray Brendan Randles Grant Rokobauer, Campbelltown City Council Kristina Ulm Special thank you to: Elle Davidson Aunty Glenda Chalker for gifting us their time and knowledge of Country.

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Sydney

Liverpool

Macquarie Fields

Botany Bay

Ingleburn Minto

Odyssey

Campbelltown

Greater Sydney Commission, Western District Plan https://www.greater.sydney/western-city-district-plan Annotated Google Maps, sourced 04 Jan 2022

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Macquarie Fields 2100 A precinct connected to the deep values of Country Kalyani Bhishikar, Portia Georgouras, William Oxley Our vision is a 22nd-century village supporting residents to connect to Country and community, posing the precinct as full of opportunities for successful urban renewal. Analysing Macquarie Fields from macro and micro scales, our approach to a more liveable precinct stems from three key sites: Macquarie Fields Train Station, Saywell Road Retail Hub, and Glenquarie Shopping Centre. Identifying these three sites as integral meeting places for the current community opens clear avenues to connect the precinct and address a better integration of the Country.

Master of Urban Design/Master of Urbanism

This project began and concluded with explicit consideration of Country. The proposed Bingara Country Loop sought to connect Macquarie Fields at its boundaries, offering the local community connection to Country through walking and as a starting point to create more suitable transport links that are not present in the current precinct layout. This concept of connection runs through the entire precinct proposal, with ways to create and sustain a more integrated community with infrastructure and meaningful links. The existing location of the three key sites shows an optimistic opportunity for this proposal, allowing retrospective changes to the transport links between them that do not completely alter the face of Macquarie Fields.

Key Sites Bingara Walk loop Movement routes New connections

29 Movement Strategy

Railway Parade Junction

Section across Railway Parade

Saywell Road Retail Junction

Section through between Saywell and Parliament Roads

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Built Form Strategy

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Green Connectivity Future In Macquarie Fields Shiyun Dong, Yutao He, Zhi Xu Our project is dedicated to perfecting the open space network and to create green connectivity in Macquarie Fields. By upgrading existing parks or lawns and inserting various forms of pocket parks, this will provide a more sustainable and environmentally friendly community for all members and deliver a healthy and walkable network. This project will be a narrative for a future sustainable suburb, conveying a compelling guideline for the future of the Australian city in 2100.

These strategies create a new community welcome space and provide public services that would cover more residents.

Upgrading existing open spaces, for example, transforming into multifunctional outdoor sports park and activity spaces and, changing the existing building layout to provide more available space for mature vegetation, indigenous species and flood mitigation. More importantly, linking the new and existing green space from south to west will deliver a pedestrian-friendly walking system.

Master of Urban Design/Master of Urbanism

The area is conceived as an urban forest with a series of new public green spaces connecting an existing park to the creek corridor. The main implementation of our team is inserting different types of green open space in the selected key sites to convey diverse social functions in the limited usable area.

31 Urban connectivity

Yield performance

Green connectivity transformation – Existing

Green connectivity transformation – Proposed

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Communal open space

Gloucester St

Atchison Rd

Suburb Pocket Park

Parkland Ave

Mixed use residential podium

First Ave

MIX USE RESIENTIAL PODIUM Mixed use residential podium

Atchison RdRd Atchison

Parkland Ave Parkland Ave

Second Ave Second Ave

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Minto Town Centre A Greener, Sustainable, Pedestrian Paradise Jiangtian Wang, Yanhua Yang, Benjee Mendoza Minto is a typical low-density residential suburb in Australia. It is far from the hustle and bustle of the central city, nor is it a local centre. People live leisurely in this place. How do we foster this suburb to maintain its slow-paced living environment while making it a healthier, more sustainable and greener place?

Master of Urban Design/Master of Urbanism

In order to achieve sustainability goals, the community’s shopping malls and train stations will be closely connected, transformed into a pedestrian and retail street called Redfern Street. The new medium and high-density residential area between them will form a pedestrian paradise, providing a green, comfortable, and convenient walking space. In order to promote green travel, almost all streets will be more suitable for walking, and special bicycle lanes and bicycle storage stations are provided to extend people’s living radius. In order to reduce the heat island effect, most parking lots are removed, which does not mean fewer parking spaces, as they are moved to the basements of new houses and buildings. At the same time, more regional parks/gardens will be built around residential areas, providing a comfortable and humanised environment.

The new retail street not only connects the train station and the shopping centre, but also brings new vitality to the community and attracts new residents. In order to enhance the attractiveness and cohesion of the community, a community square will be designed to host community activities and gatherings. Aboriginal culture will also be revitalised, through an Aboriginal community centre and a natural park. Diversity of housing types is also considered.

Residential areas will provide different types of residences ranging from medium/high-density apartments to low-density independent houses to meet the living needs of different families.

District centre Commercial/Retail Neighbourhood centre Industrial/innovation Retail centre Education Medium-High density residential Medium density residential Low density residential District park Local park Bow Bowing Creek Retail street Underground parking lots First Nations community land Train line Main road Pedestrian priority Pedestrian only Train station Major bus stop Key destination 5 min distance walking and cycling

33 Environment Strategy

Public Domain Strategy

Movement Strategy

Built Form Strategy

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Ways to Water: Reconnecting Ingleburn Jerah Fox, Bryan Li, Keeley Samways, Remy Ellis Today, the process of globalisation together with rapid improvements in construction technologies has seen the spread of urbanisation across the world. In many places, this has led to placelessness – cities with no discernible characteristics that make them unique. Current planning practice contributes to this in that it often sees architecture, landscape design, and engineering being used to tame, overcome, and shape the natural environment for the use and benefit of people. This process epitomises the concept ‘urbanisation is colonisation. Through this project, our group has looked at how adopting a Country-centric approach in urban design can be used to respond to the challenges of Australian cities and repair the binary between the constructed city and nature to create a more liveable, healthy, equitable, and sustainable city – a better future.

Master of Urban Design/Master of Urbanism

Ingleburn is on Dharawal land, part of Sweet Water Country where the water flows over the rocks and is connected to the Georges River which flows out to Botany Bay. The urban landscape of Ingleburn has evolved from Wet Country, with flowing and connected waterways and Cumberland plains to an urbanised town centre with segregated highways, railway lines and over-engineered infrastructure projects.

This project seeks to reconnect Ingleburn to Wet Country. Our project challenges business as usual by acknowledging, respecting, and working with the natural and traditional features of Ingleburn to reveal and enhance the unique character of this place. To achieve this, we placed Country at the centre of the project. This marks a paradigm shift in the planning and design practice and culture by putting not people but Country first, giving it space to be, move, breathe and be experienced. In turn, this strengthens the vibrancy, sustainability and active mobility of city life.

Our proposal encourages people to slow down, to stop and to connect with nature by providing them with multiple opportunities within the improved urban fabric. Special care has been taken to establish a strong connection to Water – to the natural landscape, people, new public spaces and the local fabric – forming a unique, sustainable place that fits seamlessly with its context.

Although aspects of this proposal are optimistic such as bringing water back to Redfern Creek which requires significant land swapping, a lot of the approach is achievable, and if done in partnership with the local Aboriginal community could not only repair the binary between natural and constructed city, but Country and colonisation/urbanisation. This requires everyone to unlearn and relearn that progress and growth can and should be done with Country at its core.

This Country-centric approach also recognises that the constructed and natural environments can, and need to, work in unison to address the challenges of Australian cities. The outcome is a dynamic and inclusive place for shared experiences and connection, and that is what is envisioned for the future of the Australia city in 2100.

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Lots Blocks Redfern Creek New public space Revitalised public space Community Education Apartments Medium density residential Live work units Mixed use core Adaptable mixed use Shop-top housing Adaptable multi-deck car park Height opportunity Public art opportunity Friendly frontages Active frontages Green setbacks Cycle route Bus route Existing cross rail connection Cross rail connection Gateway treatment

Movement Strategy

Oxford Road – A Cloudburst Street

Redfern Creek Park – A place to experience and connect with water

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Environment Strategy

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Galumban Masterplan for Ingleburn Faith Kennerley, Loiuse Thoeming, Carlso Anchieta As Ingleburn and Campbelltown grows every year there is an increasing need to rethink how we balance built and natural environments. Resolving flooding, heat islands and the poor development that aggravates both is critical. The Galumban (the Dharawal word for home), masterplan for Ingleburn provides a holistic proposal for its future. The word Galumban was a starting point for an exploration of belonging and identity, one which respects the existing site and emphasises Ingleburn’s hydrology, ecology, stories, village history, and its people. It is centred in creating a greener and more connected neighbourhood with an active centre that is able to sustainably accommodate future growth of people, flora and fauna.

Public Domain Flexible, Local, Sustainable

Storytelling Names, Stories, Art

Movement Walkable, connected, desirable Green corridor links quality spaces

Built Form Quality, Varied, Affordable

Water Reconnect, Embrace waterflow

A communal and community-focused home

Water is revealed and balanced

Landscape Embedded Knowledge, Diverse Thriving Dharawal Country across suburb

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ooi nitn F

tirF sti rNs taab at tN blisl ioa his nst W h iCo W W oW rk aal unls oinr klik tuC gk nig rau Gin nCg l lA rog tdu o u CCu C u G p vria ultl not r sol ou uryn utu rA rar p tr dv lam y l am is DD ppa or eefi finen ip ngp epr : iLn opj agn reoc DD :gL eet jtep ua etre c r gneg itn mrm pcirp , uc in ein ualg i l CCo n esc per tue omm opj i a re, p nld erc m cau esv ot j m un ndl nea i s teu a uitny c i o m n t RRe croe n d i O i n n typ elal lo& g a v eOn atiot m is gye i inos o i p De co ng n nhsi any lo DD ph eev D bipu gy ay veelo ilbd iun lpo igld phig FFo hhi in occ -gle g uus hveles se sse vtrea ssi DD ltes osn eev gti ios reas veel ns olp te ops gi t r es sat W W erag oor krikn tiees ign gai Gg ned roG si DD uua anni urp oRu tida al Nl tiiv epv am N nei ieR aim sti we ng CCo at v inP omm ie iv gro w es mm jPe un crot uitn yi je DD Stpy hha ct arar asc pea waw al C coe Paul LLa -Dc ann bPl eos uicb dds -igd csac Alri ne ct c pae si Ao ppe gn OO rt m nng rop p go o C g e rroa ini o t itm gn m gr io Rge sa: npe CCo Dm vRiee omm ti h sa:r wvi ti mm on aDw aenw un haa da uitny l D DD r l n e e i e a hha tdy vde dw uec arar lD ope al adt wa mv awl uioc le eenl na alel d ot p dle tio cad m n rec en ar t e

Ingleburn is welcoming Pride and understanding and authentic of Country

AAp

Master of Urban Design/Master of Urbanism

Looking to challenge established urban practice and champion Dharawal Country, six masterplan pillars (public domain, storytelling, movement, built form, water, landscape) have been developed to steer the development of the project. We note that in professional practice these would be developed directly with Dharawal Traditional Knowledge Holders and other Community on Country. These pillars have supported three key principles; bringing nature into balance, bridging functional divides and activating a beloved village centre. They reflect early analysis that Ingleburn’s healthy development has been limited by longstanding issues of flooding, a divisive rail line and a car-centric village centre bare of greenery. Pockets of original Country with Cumberland Plain Woodland have endured, but they are rare.

Form and Form & sense sense Opportunities and constraints Opportunities & constraints

Imagine and&listen Imagine listen Masterplan Masterplan

Deliver and Deliver & shape shape Implement Implement

Maintain and&care Maintain care Sustain Sustain

37

Study Area Boundary Key Site Boundary Public Transport 800m Catchment New Pedestrian paths New roads New green space Upgrade green space Active or fine grain edges Rehabilitated and reconnected creeks

Odyssey

High rise residential Medium rise residential Low rise residential Mixed use retail and residential Community infrastructure Commercial and retail Industry and innovation Education Commuter and council parking

38

Ingleburn Growing with Nature Bernadette Balatbat, Shilin Zhang, Wendy Zhu, Max Tran

Master of Urban Design/Master of Urbanism

‘Growing with Nature’ seeks to invite natural characteristics back into modern urban life to nurture the environment with dynamic aspects of green links and communal gardens. The project is situated in Ingleburn, an Australian suburb that is 34 kilometres south-west of the Sydney Central Business District with nature at the heart of planning and design.

The project envisions Ingleburn to be inclusive whilst establishing a vibrant and liveable experience for residents and its natural habitats. Being located in the core of the Campbelltown Local Government Area, the precinct seeks to unite with surrounding suburbs in order to leverage connectivity, liveability, and employment needs for the future. It aims to establish a strong identity with the existing town centre and utilise the abundant industrial land to boost education and employment opportunities. ‘Growing with Nature’ strives for a balance between existing and proposed whilst responding to the issues of population growth and urban sprawl in Sydney. The project provides opportunities to reconnect and grow with Australia’s First Nations community whilst integrating the traditional principles and knowledge in a modern setting.

The project proposition transforms Ingleburn by incorporating the four key principles of live, connect, restore and mitigate. In light of this, four key sites within the suburb have been chosen for in-depth experimentation and detailed design. The key sites showcase various existing constraints which transformed into design opportunities for the suburb during the design process. Through multiple stages of detailed site analysis and refined design proposals, each key site aims to present unique solutions in creating a healthier and more sustainable environment for Ingleburn.

Throughout the past decade, Australia has attracted an increasing amount of international talent and skilled labour to power the economy of major Australian cities. ‘Growing with Nature’ seeks to leverage and prosper the Glenfield and Macarthur corridor under the influence of the projected population growth of Ingleburn. The project achieves underpinning concepts of a healthy, vibrant, supportive and well-connected neighbourhood that is welcoming to all locals and visitors. It aims to unite with its surrounding suburbs by providing employment and education opportunities with strengthened local accessibility and connectivity. Ingleburn will be a precinct that recognises the importance of the urban ecology and grows with the natural ecosystems to mitigate, adapt, repair and care.

Site boundary High density residential Medium density residential Low density residential Mixed-use retail and residential Commercial core Public spaces Private open spaces Education core Services New pedestrian connections New road connections Green links Active frontages Creekline

39 New town park

The Creek A ‘creek line’ that follows the natural way through the centre of the city to create a resilient environment and an unfolding series of recreational opportunities.

Shared Community Shared spaces to encourage social activites and promote a sense of community. A shared space designed for everyone.

Bridge through the barrier Bridge through the railway to discover various opportunities on western and eastern sides of the precinct.

Green and Blue layers Establish a green network with abundant tree canopy cover, open spaces and water sensitive treatment.

Odyssey

Station arrival experience

40

Cultivating the City: A University Campus for Parramatta Deena Ridenour

Master of Urban Design/Master of Urbanism

Urban Design Studio: Urban Project

The studio investigates how a new university campus can be an active agent of urban renewal that strategically reshapes the city and its future. While the traditional concept of campus, conceived as a ‘field’, often sits in opposition to the city, contemporary universities have evolved to be critical urban infrastructure for the city. The shifting relationship between city and campus positions the university campus in the city as an asset that benefits the city’s economic growth, liveability and identity. The capacity for new university campuses to directly shape the city and its growth through new constructions, new places and new people mean that campus design and city design are inseparable and present a compelling opportunity to cultivate Sydney’s River City.

The University of Sydney’s proposed campus at Parramatta provides a test case for interrogating how the design of a campus can reveal new models of urbanism.

Parramatta is Sydney’s Central River City and home to the University’s future western campus. The proposed campus sits at the intersection of the city centre, world heritage listed Parramatta Park, the nationally heritage listed Female Factory and the Westmead Health Precinct. The site’s parkland setting at the confluence of the Parramatta River, sits in opposition to the emerging high-density city. The studio challenges the remit of a campus master plan to expand beyond the institution and engage the continuum between landscape and city and across histories and cultures.

The studio aims to interrogate the State government’s recently exhibited Westmead Place Strategy (WPS) – a strategic plan for 2036 – which outlines a vision and structure plan for the Westmead precinct and its sub-precincts. Whereas the WPS describes the campus as a strategic ‘land use’, the new campus has the capacity to weave together a place for education, culture, health, living and recreation for both the university and the public.

Tutors Deena Ridenour Marco Marin Thank you to the design jury practitioners and City of Parramatta participants: Justin Cawley Gabriella Fernandez, City of Parramatta Lynne Handcock Hugh Johnson, City of Parramatta Jan McCredie, City of Parramatta Russell Olsson Darlene Van Der Breggen

41

Odyssey

42

The Future of Westmead A Naturalised Campus Jingjun Wang, Long Lin (Crystal), Mingrao Zhang (Ming), Yanting Zhan Our vision is that the new campus will become an integrated university campus that embraces innovative learning and living experiences into the old setting. By designing a vibrant and environmentally engaging place, we aim to respect past place significance and engage with the future urban setting of Parramatta.

Master of Urban Design/Master of Urbanism

Our design scheme shows a low-density approach alongside the river which helps protect the riparian ecology.

High-density mixed-use zoning of educational, commercial, and residential is allocated close to the west transport spine to enhance campus vitality and is interwoven with a massive open space network. The heritage site on the east retains some significant hertiage items and is rezoned for medium density. In addition, the decreasing height of the buildings closer to the river is beneficial to the future aesthetics of the view corridor. The design integrates a strong natural atmosphere with diversified historical, cultural, and social characteristics which presents a dynamic living campus for all.

Our design thinking is based on four key objectives which are accessibility and connectivity, vibrant community, cultural and heritage significance, and environmental sustainability. New street networks and links are used to improve the accessibility of the site for different user groups. The space uses are diversified to support the vibrancy of future communities and university life. Significant historical and cultural characteristics are retained to support a rich campus experience. Together the redesign of the open space network and river corridor should also support the environmental sustainability of this site.

The key objectives of this design strategy are: Accessibility and Connectivity – to create a permeable and connective street network for safe commuting through widened roads, increased bus routes and a comprehensive pedestrian network; Vibrant Community – aiming to boost the university life vitality through diversified open spaces; Cultural and Heritage Significance – repurposing and reusing existing heritage structures with a key focus on community use; and Environmental Sustainability – creating ecologically diverse and sustainable biodiversity and enhancing the green character of this site through green rooftop gardens and water sensitive design.

43

Odyssey

44

Regenerative Cities University of Sydney Burramatta Campus Faith Kennerley, Hugh Beale, Jack Storch The Burramatta Campus proposal provides an innovative approach to campus design, integrating place and context to create a sustainable response to the Westmead Precinct.

Master of Urban Design/Master of Urbanism

The Campus is located within the Westmead Place Strategy of North Parramatta, earmarked to be an integrated health campus with a range of residential, commercial and education uses. Our proposal took this approach a step further by striving to be a premier destination with a distinct identity, promoting aspects of culture, heritage and the environment.

With the site’s location on the banks of the Parramatta River, combined with the mental health benefits of biophilic design, an integrated campus of health and environmental research provides an opportunity to deliver additional urban regeneration opportunities. The benefits for an integrated health and environmental university research precinct are that the two research umbrellas support each other. Supporting planetary health through environmental resilience will have reciprocal benefits on the health of humans as a whole. This integration could be further embedded throughout the precinct’s design via shared learning and cross-discipline units.

With this sustainable approach in mind, our vision for the precinct is to become an embedded and sustainable precinct by: respecting its Aboriginal, environmental and health services roots; connecting its users to the water, the river to Parramatta and the University to Westmead; and amplifying its historical character, educational activity and commercial offering.

Mixed Use – Uni Health Mixed Use – Uni Environment School Med-High Density Residential Vertical Garden Features University – Health Research University – Environment University – Health Mixed Use – Residential

45 Environment

Heritage

Movement

Social

Built Form

Odyssey

Open Space

46

Westmead Open Campus University of Sydney Chen Qu (Watson), Xinye Zhang (Cynthia), Fan Yang (Frankie), Ying-Ku Chen (Alex), Zixuan Zhang This project is for the proposed Parramatta campus of the University of Sydney. It focuses on nurturing urban regeneration with the introduction of a new campus as the driving force. The proposed campus is located at the intersection of the city centre, World Heritage-listed Parramatta Park and the Westmead Health Precinct. The site itself has a strong parkland green space across the Parramatta River and includes the Cumberland Hospital campus, a heritage site of national significance. The site is an intersection formed by the surrounding suburbs, the river and Parramatta Park.

Likewise, the contradictions of the fractured urban grid, the stagnation of heritage reuse and the fragmentation of green resources are reflected in the site. The significant changes currently facing the area are driven by the newly proposed light rail line and the university campus. Both of these opportunities are part of a massive urban revitalisation program initiated by the draft Westmead Local Strategy. Our vision is that the new campus will be a place that is connected to the surrounding community context, combines modern city life with campus life, and has recognisability and distinction.

Master of Urban Design/Master of Urbanism

Based on proposed light rail station, develop public transport-orientated development

Use the site as a transit to connect the surrounding city grid

Transfer the development quota of the heritage conservation area to other lots, and carry out high density developments on key locations

Encourage the interchange of pedestrians, bicycles and public transport on the main slow movement route on campus

Properly reshape natural resources such as waterfronts and create landscape belts

The main event venues, visual focal points and key buildings are arranged along the public domain corridor

47 Stage 1 Initial Structure

Stage 2 Gateway Block

Stage 3 Expansion of the campus

Stage 4 Housing Supply

Odyssey

48

Parramatta Campus: Innovation is our Tradition Hatim Nasser Alkhelaiwi, Max Tran, Shu Zhu (Suzy) ‘Innovation is Our Tradition’ manifests a justification for a new model of urbanism, where the University of Sydney Parramatta campus seeks to create jobs, education and health-related services while nurturing a health-conscious, heritage celebrating way of life for the locality. Realising the concept of 30-minute city from the Central River City, the Parramatta Light Rail canvasses exciting enhancements of existing limited infrastructure, low-rise residential zoning, Westmead Hospital, North-Parramatta heritage precinct, and Parramatta Park. At its heart, the project encapsulates an inclusive learning environment and provides an opportunity to revitalise and re-interpret the historic foundation. In order to achieve this vision, the Knowledge Centre looks into establishing a viable and unique identity on the Western side of Parramatta River, with a strong focus on research and education, whilst the later Parramatta Campus renders a heritage setting for future urban village and community interaction over the long term.

Master of Urban Design/Master of Urbanism

Vibrancy

Blend of campus and city use Centred along the river

Active frontage and activity nodes Mixed-use and retail nestled in repurposed heritage

Vehicle movement WPS strategy of Hawkesbury Road extension

Active transport movement Pedestrian green-bridge separating from other flows

Riverbank activation Permeable access to the river and Parramatta Park

Heritage renovation Resonate new oval public character on both sides

Accessibility

Promoting

49

Building use strategy

Performance

River strategy View, activities, vegetation

Circulation

Green loop Separated vehicle lanes

Tree canopy

Odyssey

Green bridge Vegetation

Public Open Space Strategy

Transport Network Strategy

50

Campus of the Future: A thriving connector between Westmead and Parramatta Dianshuai Du (Malcolm), Jialin Chen, Ayse Yilmaz, Yuan Yang (Vicky) The new campus aims to be a thriving link between Westmead Health District and Parramatta North which will unlock the potential of development and infrastructure needs within the Greater Parramatta and Olympic Peninsula economic corridor aligned with the intentions of the Greater Sydney Commission. The campus site is identified as a ‘university and research focus’ within the Sub-Precinct 7 in the Westmead Place Strategy and positioned on both sides of the Parramatta River in line with the planned light rail.

In line with the regional strategies, our proposal aims to create a blended, research-led, vibrant university campus that fosters a knowledge-based precinct and celebrates the significant history and existing landscape features into a world-class destination, creating an innovative, well-connected, inclusive destination for all.

Master of Urban Design/Master of Urbanism

The Campus Master Plan has five main design strategies: (1) Movement, (2) Open spaces and environmental sustainability, (3) Riverfront, (4) Heritage Core, (5) Built Form.

Integrate with green grid

Strong east-west link

Concept Ideas Integrated Heritage Core Extension areas

Road

51 Well linked open space systems Open Spaces

Riverfront parklands Riverfront parks

Pedestrian bridge

Light Rail

Green Corridors

Pedestrian bridge

Gateways

Active connection

Reused building

Riverfront entrance

Active Frontages

Riverfront Strategy – Themed parklands along river for campus and city users

Wellness Park

Active Recreation Park

Terraced riverfront Sports Recreation

Campus Learning Park

Active retail frontage Waterfront activities Outdoor dining

Culture and Innovation Park

Outdoor learning areas Quiet corners Recreation

Sculpture park Waterfront performance stage

Heritage Strategy – Heritage Core Public domain with retail, university library/hall, museum, innovation centre Respect heritage scale

Unifying landscape design Special pavement

Campus Sports Park Retained trees

Secondary School Primary School

Culture/Innovation Centre and Museum

Jacaranda trees Student and staff services and sports centre

Academic building

Library/ University Hall

Retail

Affordable rentals and market housing

Library space Other

Preschool

Light Rail Neighbourhood centre

Retained trees

Student housing

Academic

Commercial/Retail Heritage

Central admin

Centrally timetabled teaching space

Odyssey

Heritage

Heritage Core Plaza

52

Parramatta Strategic Plan 2051 Tooran Alizadeh

Master of Urbanism

Integrated Urbanism Studio

This studio focuses on ‘real world’ strategic urban issues and the need for urbanists to formulate a compelling ‘urban proposition’ to convince the diverse stakeholders of the benefits of a particular approach or scheme. The specific intention is to recognise and overcome the limitations imposed by professional ‘silos’ and give regard to, and reconcile the multitude of perspectives that are characteristic of the urban condition.

The brief is to prepare a Strategic Plan for Westmead district in the Parramatta Local Government Area – one of the fastest transforming locations across the nation.

The strategic plan will guide the ongoing transformation and growth through critical analysis of applicable policies to draft a vision statement for business-as-usual and alternative options, with specific attention to implementation. Located in the heart of the West Central District of Greater Sydney, Westmead is a complex place, highly contested, and of interest to a number of competing stakeholders. Numerous plans have been proposed for its different sections, and from sectoral perspectives such as environmental, health and transport. Government does not have a comprehen­sive strategic plan which unifies these conflicting interests and considers Westmead, Parramatta North and Parramatta City Centre holistically. The strategic plan will seek to provide a cohesive vision for the future, which is of public good.

Tutors Jamie Van Geldermalsen Karunya Subramanian Thank you to the studio jury practitioners: Mile Barbaric Halvard Dalheim Tim Sneesby Thank you to City of Parramatta and the Greater Sydney Commission for contributing to the studio.

53

Odyssey Emerging Parramatta City Centre 3D model view showing recent design competitions and development proposals City of Parramatta and Arterra Interactive

54

Parramatta 2051: Comprehensive Strategic Plan for the Parramatta CBD Bhavika Khot, Karen D’mello, Shruti Nair, Mohammed Nihal, Ranganathan Ravi The global phenomenon of urbanisation brings with it rampant developments that can have detrimental effects in the absence of well-planned directives. The introduction of a dynamic strategic plan is essential in setting development and land-use frameworks to ensure that sustainable outcomes are achieved through specialised interventions. Parramatta 2051 is one such strategic plan formulated for developing the Central CBD. This strategic plan aims to ameliorate the existing business-as-usual models highlighted within existing policy documents, simultaneously aligning with the visions, planning priorities and actions of the respective overarching documents. A detailed analysis of the site and its context indicates that Parramatta CBD will be home to approximately a quarter million people by 2051. Projections for the developing CBD indicate that it will accommodate approximately half a million jobs and 65 thousand dwellings over a period of 30 years. Additionally, by supporting and investing in the digital economy and growing international markets, it will be at the forefront in reaping the benefits of changing trends. The aim of the report is to provide the diverse community of Parramatta with an array of affordable housing options, enhanced recreational areas, better connectivity, a greener neighbourhood and a sustainable living.

Master of Urbanism

The approach to achieve a poly-centric development of Parramatta CBD evolved out of a need for decentralising growth along multiple corridors. These include Church Street spine, Westmead health and education precinct, and the North Parramatta Heritage conservation area. These epicentres are connected by socio-economic corridors characterised by highly urban neighbourhoods, commercial hubs, office precincts, and social hangouts. Economic strategies ensure that upcoming creative and professional industries are at the forefront of development. Furthermore, the heritage sites and culturally significant places are preserved and celebrated through sensitive interventions.

Sustain

Live Potential Water Squares Riverfront Plazas Water Sensitive Urban Design Wetlands

High Density Residential Medium Density Residential Education Social Infrastructure Health

Include Heritage Precinct Cultural Centre Prosper Expanded Commercial Core

Connect Transport Hubs Light Rail Proposed Light Rail

Mixed Use

Bus Rapid Transit

Neighbourhood Centres

Active Transport

Enterprise

Metro Stations

55

Sustain A city enriched by the networking of existing natural assets and by creation of new blue and green assets to enhance the resilience to natural hazards.

Include To create a unique identity for Central CBD, by encouraging sensitive and adaptive re-use of heritage buildings, activate and celebrate diversity, aboriginal history and significant colonial history.

Efficient connectivity and multiple mode options

Prosper To create an Innovative and Globally competitive CBD with opportunities for all- an economic powerhouse with approximately 500,000 jobs by 2051

Live To increase housing supply, diversity, affrodability and subsequently introduce new social infrastructure to align with the housing growth.

Connect To create a well-connected city both internally & externally by enhancing the existing public transport and to initiate more active connections to the surrounding strategic centres.

Green Grid

Landmarks and destinations

Night Economy

Odyssey

High Value economic growth (More knowledge-based jobs)

Talent attraction

North Parramatta Square

Widened footpath

BRT

Integrated Light Rail Network

Neighbourhood Shopping Centre

56

2051 A Knowledge Precinct: An Integrated Strategic Vision for Westmead Parramatta and its surrounds Eesah Bajah, Sophie Catherine Bock, Sagar Chauhan The strategic vision for Westmead, Parramatta and its surrounds has been formulated to compliment the objectives set out in Greater Sydney Commission’s ‘A Metropolis of Three Cities.’ The focus is upon Central River City and the development of Parramatta as a second CBD to balance and alleviate the pressure of development that City of Sydney LGA faces. This second CBD links key employment centres in the Central River City with the rest of Greater Sydney helping the area to deliver the much needed spaces for agglomeration of jobs.

The vision for Parramatta capitalises on the existing economic and geographical drivers i.e. The Westmead Health Precinct, Parramatta CBD, Parramatta Park. The strategic plan taps into the potential of the central location that the area enjoys. This is complimented by increased connectivity to metropolitan centres and an interconnected multimodal transport network promoting walking and public transport. The strategic plan brings together the strengths of various Metropolitan, District and Local strategic visions. Under the strategic plan. the population of the precinct will increase to 115,000 by 2051 (up from 42,000) today. The precinct provides more than 35,000 dwellings to accommodate the growing population in medium to high density areas strategically located along the mixed-use Victoria Road spine, in the western portion of the precinct, and north of Belmore Park.

Master of Urbanism

‘A Knowledge Precinct’ responds to the technological, creative and educational development within Sydney complimenting other collaboration precincts. The new wholesale bazaar at the northern end of Church Street will be a focal point for the community, providing a wholesale shopping precinct for daily needs as well as community spaces for events and festivals. The interests of the vulnerable population will be safeguarded through the establishment of an affordable housing scheme with mandatory inclusionary zoning for affordable housing. This is also aimed at supporting the student population at Western Sydney University and the working group in the health precinct. Ensuring that a feedback loop is created for reviewing and monitoring affordable housing and social infrastructure projects is key to these initiatives.

Comparison Comparison Comparisonof of ofStrategic Strategic StrategicOptions: Options: Options:Strategic Strategic StrategicPlan Plan Plan11111Parramatta Parramatta Parramatta2.0 2.0 2.0 Comparison Strategic Options: Strategic Plan Parramatta 2.0 Comparison ofof Strategic Options: Strategic Plan Parramatta 2.0

KEY KEY KEY Key KEY KEY Residential Residential Residential Residential Residential Residential Commercial Commercial Commercial Commercial Commercial Commercial Health Health Health Health Health Health Cultural Cultural Cultural Cultural Cultural Cultural Industrial Industrial Industrial Industrial Industrial Industrial

LEGEND LEGEND LEGEND LEGEND LEGEND LEGEND

6 666 6

Mixed Mixed Mixed use use use Mixed use Mixed use Mixed use

7 777 7

CBD CBD CBD CBD CBD CBD

8 888 8 4 444 4

5 555 5

2 222 2 1 111 1

Schematic

3 333 3

SCHEMATIC SCHEMATIC SCHEMATIC SCHEMATIC SCHEMATIC

1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 87

111 1 222 2 333 3 444 4 555 5 666 6 777 7 888 8 8 9 999 9 9

9 999 9

1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 87 8 9 9

Enterprise Enterprise Enterprise corridor corridor corridor Enterprise corridor Enterprise corridor Enterprise corridor Education Education Education Education Education Education Expanded Expanded Expanded commercial commercial commercial core core core Expanded commercial core Expanded commercial core Expanded commercial core Green Green Green spaces spaces spaces Green spaces Green spaces Green spaces River/ River/ River/ Creek Creek Creek River/ Creek River/Creek River/ Creek Fairfield Fairfield Fairfield Macquarie Macquarie Macquarie Park Park Park Metro Metro Metro Fairfield Macquarie Park Metro Fairfield Macquarie Park Metro Fairfield Macquarie Park Metro Hornsby Hornsby Hornsby Norwest Norwest Norwest Metro Metro Metro Hornsby Norwest Metro Hornsby Norwest Metro Hornsby Norwest Metro Sydney Sydney Sydney Metro Metro Metro West West West Sydney Metro West Sydney Metro West Sydney Metro West New New New Light Light Light Rail Rail Rail New Light Rail New Light Rail New Light Rail Pedestrian Pedestrian Pedestrian street street street Pedestrian street Pedestrian street Pedestrian street Shared Shared Shared Pedestrain Pedestrain Pedestrain Street Street Street Shared Pedestrain Street Shared Pedestrian street Shared Pedestrain Street 111 Multicultural Multicultural Arts Arts Arts Centre Centre Centre 1 Multicultural Multicultural Arts Centre Multicultural Arts Centre Multicultural Arts Centre 222 Museum Museum Museum of of of Migration Migration Migration 2 Museum ofMigration Migration MuseumofofMigration Museum 333 Powerhouse Powerhouse Museum Museum Museum Powerhouse Museum 3 Powerhouse Powerhouse Museum Powerhouse Museum 444 Burramatta Burramatta Burramatta Local Local Local ibrary ibrary ibrary Burramatta Local Library 4 Burramatta Local ibrary Burramatta LocalCentre ibrary 555 Neighbourhood Neighbourhood Neighbourhood Centre Centre Neighbourhood Centre 5 Neighbourhood Centre Neighbourhood Centre 666 Wholesale Wholesale Wholesale Bazaar Bazaar Bazaar Wholesale Bazaar 6 WholesaleBazaar Bazaar Wholesale 777 Science Science Science Park Park Park Science Park 7 Science Park Park 888 Science Heritage Heritage Precinct Precinct Precinct 8 Heritage Heritage Precinct Heritage Precinct Heritage Precinct 999 Spice Spice Spice Alley Alley Alley 9 Spice Alley Spice Alley Spice Alley

0m 0m 0m 0m100m 100m 100m 100m250m 250m 250m 250m 500m 500m 500m 500m 0m 100m 250m 500m 0m 100m 250m 500m

Objectives OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE

Connectivity Connectivity Connectivity Connectivity Connectivity Connectivity Provide Provide Provide transport transport transport infrastructure infrastructure infrastructure Provide transport Provide transport infrastructure Provide transport infrastructure and and and support support support smart smart smart transport transport transport infrastructure and support and support smart transport and support smart transport options options options to to to create create create a liveable liveable liveable and and and smart transport to options create aaaoptions liveable and options totocreate a liveable and safe safe safe community community community with with with strong strong strong create a liveable and safe safe community with strong safe community with strong connections connections connections within within within the the the precinct precinct precinct community with strong connectionswithin withinthe the precinct connections connections withinprecinct the

precinct.

POPULATION POPULATION POPULATION POPULATION Population POPULATION 115,000 115,000 115,000 115,000 115,000 115,000 Economy Economy Economy Economy Economy Economy Provide Provide Provide an an economic economic economic Provide an economic Provide anan economic Provide an economic powerhouse powerhouse powerhouse forfor for for Western Western Western powerhouse for powerhouse Western powerhouse forWestern Western Sydney, Sydney, Sydney, providing providing providing economic economic economic Sydney, providing Sydney, providing economic Sydney, providing economic drivers drivers drivers that that that cater cater cater toto to to both both both local local local economic drivers that drivers that cater both local drivers that cater to both local and and and metropolitan metropolitan metropolitan populations. populations. populations. cater to both local and andmetropolitan metropolitanpopulations. populations. and

metropolitan populations.

Liveability Liveability Liveability Liveability Liveability Liveability Create Create Create an an equitable equitable equitable Create an equitable Create an an equitable Create an equitable community community community with with with balanced balanced balanced community with balanced community with balanced community with balanced physical physical physical and and financial financial financial physical andand financial physical and financial physical and financial access access access to to housing housing housing and and and social social social access to to housing and access housing and social access totohousing and social infrastructure. infrastructure. infrastructure. social infrastructure. infrastructure. infrastructure.

Resillience Resillience Resillience Resillience Resilience Resillience Create Create Create aaresilient resilient resilient precinct precinct precinct where where where Create aaaresilient resilient precinct where Create precinct Create a resilient precinct where the the the community community community can can can manage manage manage where the community can the community can manage the community can manage climate climate climate change, change, change, natural natural natural and and and manage climate change, climate change, natural and climate change, natural and urban urban urban hazards, hazards, hazards, and and and bounce bounce bounce back back back natural and urban hazards, urban hazards, and bounce back urban hazards, and bounce back after after after disasters. disasters. disasters. and bounce back after afterdisasters. disasters. after

disasters.

JOBS JOBS JOBS Jobs JOBS JOBS 230,000 230,000 230,000 230,000 230,000 230,000

*The *The *The new new new dwellings dwellings dwellings have have have been been been *New dwellings have been *The new dwellings have been *The new dwellings have been calculated calculated calculated considering considering considering retention retention retention ofof of of calculated considering calculated considering retention calculated considering retention of 50% 50% 50% ofof of of existing existing existing housing housing stock. stock. retention of housing 50% of stock.

50% existing housing stock.

50% of existing housing stock.

AREA AREA AREA 42,000 42,000 42,000 - 9,000 9,000 9,000 == 33,000 ==33,000 33,000 33,000 existing housing stock.

AREA Area 42,000 ---9,000 AREA 42,000 - 9,000 = 33,000 9.8 9.8 9.8 HA HA HA 42,000-9,000=33,000 9.8 HA 9.8 HA 9.8 HA

DWELLINGS DWELLINGS DWELLINGS DWELLINGS Dwellings DWELLINGS 35,000* 35,000* 35,000* 35,000* 35,000* 35,000* Strategic Strategic Strategic Strategic Plan Plan Plan Plan | Integrated ||| Integrated Integrated Integrated Urbanism Urbanism Urbanism Urbanism Studio Studio Studio Studio | Assessment ||| Assessment Assessment Assessment 2 A222|AAAGroup ||| Group Group Group 3 | 3332021 ||| 2021 2021 2021 | 2||| 222 Strategic Plan | Integrated Urbanism Studio | Assessment 2 A | Group 3 | 2021 | 2 Strategic Plan | Integrated Urbanism Studio | Assessment 2 A | Group 3 | 2021 | 2

Priority Areas

57

PA 1

PA 1

PA 1

VICTORIA ROAD

VICTORIA ROAD

Victoria Road VICTORIA ROAD 0m

100m

250m

500m

KEY MAP

K

KeyMAP Map Legend KEY 0m

100m

250m

K

500m

Cultural Cultural Cultural Mixed Use Cultural Residential Mixed use Commercial Mixed Use Mixed Use Residential Mixed Commercial Coreuse Commercial Industry Mixed Use Commercial Core River Industry River COMMERCIAL

Key Map Legend

LEGEND

HEALTH

COMMERCIAL CULTURAL

LEGEND

HEALTH

INDUSTRIAL

CULTURAL MIXED USE

INDUSTRIAL

CBD

MIXED USE ENTERPRISE CORRIDOR

CBD

EDUCATION

ENTERPRISE CORRIDOR EXPANDED COMMERCIAL CORE EDUCATION GREEN SPACES

RIVER/COMMERCIAL CREEKS EXPANDED CORE

GREEN SPACES

RIVER/ CREEKS

PA 2

PA 2

EXISTING TRAIN EXISTING TRAIN

EXISTING TRAIN

EXISTING TRAIN

PA 2

EXISTING BUS EXISTING TRAIN MULTICULTURAL ARTS CENTRE

EXISTING BUS

1

EXISTING TRAIN 1 MULTICULTURAL ARTS CENTRE

CHURCH STREET CHURCH STREET Church Street

EXISTING TRAIN MUSEUM OF MIGRATION

2

EXISTING TRAIN 2 MUSEUM OF MIGRATION

CHURCH STREET PA 3

BUS 3EXISTING POWERHOUSE MUSEUM

PA 3

PA 3

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4 BURRAMATTA LOCAL LIBRARY MULTICULTURAL ARTS CENTRE

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4 BURRAMATTA LOCAL LIBRARY MULTICULTURAL ARTS CENTRE

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5 NEIGHBOURHOOD MUSEUM OF MIGRATION CENTRE

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5 NEIGHBOURHOOD MUSEUM OF MIGRATION CENTRE

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BAZAAR 6 WHOLESALE POWERHOUSE MUSEUM

3

BAZAAR 6 WHOLESALE POWERHOUSE MUSEUM

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7 SCIENCE PARK BURRAMATTA LOCAL LIBRARY

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7 SCIENCE PARK BURRAMATTA LOCAL LIBRARY

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8 HERITAGE PRECINCT NEIGHBOURHOOD CENTRE

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9 SPICE ALLEY WHOLESALE BAZAAR

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3-D SHOWING MAXIMUM BUILDING HEIGHTS AS PER 3-D LEP SHOWING 2016 MAXIMUM BUILDING HEIGHTS AS PER LEP 2016

BUS 3EXISTING POWERHOUSE MUSEUM

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HERITAGE PRECINCT NEIGHBOURHOOD CENTRE

9

6

SPICE ALLEY WHOLESALE BAZAAR

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SCIENCE PARK

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SCIENCE PARK

8

HERITAGE PRECINCT

8

HERITAGE PRECINCT

9

SPICE ALLEY

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SPICE ALLEY

3-D SHOWING MAXIMUM BUILDING HEIGHTS AS PER LEP 2016

Planning Priority Areas: DiscussionPlanning Priority Areas: Discussion Planning Priority Areas: Discussion Priority Area 2: TheCentral Churchwill Street Priority Area 1: Parramatta be aSpine major driver for Tourism in the site attracted provisions commercial mixed use by Tram to CBD Priority Area 2: The Church Street Spine Spice Alley and the Powerhouse space for retail, food andMuseum Prince Alfred Plaza attracting a footfall of a million visitors provisions commercial usein a year. accommodation, andmixed office spaces for The area is well through the new space for retail, foodenterprises and small toconnected medium (SMEs).

Tram tospaces Bazaar tram lines and thewill metro linked to the Prince accommodation, and for This zone have aoffice distinct local aAlfred small Park though a new plaza.

The(SMEs). areareuse to medium enterprises character through the adaptive provides key existing pedestrian over the This zone will have aconnection distinct local ofa the heritage items for river allowing people easy access the CBD character through the adaptive reuse boutique hotels and officetospaces for and the working people in CBD an easy access ofSMEs. the existing heritage items for Spice Alley to the boutique Spice Alley. hotels and office spaces for SMEs.

Spice Alley - Artist Render

Church Street

Church Street PriorityArea area2:3 The will Church be an Education Priority area Street 3 will be an Education Priority Street Spine The Church Spine priorities The Church Street Spine Heritage Items Hub and commercial adaptively mixed re useusethe Hub and adaptively re use the Church Street pedestrian movement by provisions prioritises pedestrian Priority area 3 will be an Education Cumberland Hospital.

The area Cumberland Thelink area converting it toHospital. a pedestrian to The Church Street Spine priorities space for retail, food and Proposed Interventions movement by converting it Hub and north adaptively re use the extends of Parramatta River extends north of Parramatta pedestrian movement by the CBD and through the new River tram accommodation, and office spaces for Cumberland Hospital.upon The linking area and links focuses and diverting focuses upon linking into alinks pedestrian linklink totothe converting it to a pedestrian line onto Victoria Park. smallCultural/New to medium enterprises (SMEs).

Open Spaces extends northwith of Parramatta River students industry, and students with industry, and the CBD and and through the new CBD through thetram new This zone will have a distinct local and links focuses linking strengthening tiesupon between the strengthening ties between line diverting onto Victoria Park. the character through thepark, adaptive reuse tram lineScience diverting Habitat Corridor students with industry, proposed Science andand the proposed park, onto and the of the existing heritage items for Victoria strengthening ties Precinct. between the Westmead Health WestmeadPark.

Health Precinct. boutique hotels and officeand spaces Tram Stops proposed Science park, thefor SMEs. Westmead Health Precinct.

Pedestrianised Church Street Plaza

Events Space Play Area Powerhouse Museum Night time economy

Active Frontages New Tram Lines Parramatta Bridges Program Spice Alley River shore walking/cycling integrated with play spaces, event spaces

Victoria Road The the c Stree neig mixe supp

residential.

Activity Spaces Shared Streets

Powerhouse Link

Victoria Road

Victoria Church Road Street The The Victoria Church Road Street Corridor Spine extends priorities The Victoria Road Corridor Victoria Road pedestrian movement theextends commercial activity of Church by the commercial converting it Corridor to upon a pedestrian The Victoria extendslink Street and Road focuses creating a to activity of Church Street the CBD and through the new the commercial activity of Church neighborhood street catering to tram and focuses upon creating line diverting onto Victoria Park.

Street and focuses upon creating a mixed use residential.

The area will a neighbourhood neighborhood cateringstreet to support localstreet businesses. mixed use residential.

The areause will catering to mixed support local businesses.

Odyssey

Priority Area 1: Parramatta Central will be a major driver for Tourism in the site attracted by Spice Area Alley1:and the Powerhouse Museum Priority Parramatta Central will be a major driverafor Tourism the site attracted attracting footfall of ainmillion visitors in a by year.

Spice the Powerhouse Museum The Alley area isand well connected through the new attracting a footfall a million visitors a year. tram lines and theofmetro linked to theinPrince aAlfred The areaPark is well connected thearea new though a newthrough plaza. The tram lines and the metro linked to the Prince provides a key pedestrian connection over the aAlfred though a new plaza.

Thetoarea river Park allowing people easy access the CBD provides key pedestrian overaccess the and theaworking people connection in CBD an easy river allowing to the Spice people Alley. easy access to the CBD and the working people in CBD an easy access to the Spice Alley.

Strategic Plan | Integrated Urbanism Studio | Assessment 1 B | Group Strategic 3 | 2021 Plan| | Integrated Urbanism Studio | As Strategic Plan | Integrated Urbanism Studio | Assessment 1 B | Group 3 | 2021 |

58

Riverside City 2051: A Comprehensive Strategic Plan Liam Rogers, Rishikesh Gujarathi, Olive Diaz Gomez, Aashreetha Koonu, Eshita Dutia ‘Riverside City 2051’ is a comprehensive strategic plan for Greater Parramatta for the next 30 years and beyond. Building on the concept of the ‘Metropolis of Three Cities’ among other state and local strategic and academic frameworks, the plan transforms Greater Parramatta into a stronger metropolitan centre and delivers a true polycentric city. To achieve a transformation of this scale, the plan puts forward bold strategies to deliver substantial employment and residential growth, and addresses the significant challenges facing the site including housing affordability, climate change and natural hazards, poor regional connectivity and slow pace of development by moving beyond the current business as usual scenario.

Master of Urbanism

The plan envisions that in 2051, Riverside City will be the heart of Sydney that embraces environmental resilience, honours and restores connection to country, is a well-connected digital and intermodal hub, dominates the care economy and is liveable, healthy and supports diversity. This is an ambitious, city-shaping vision for both the Riverside City and Greater Sydney. To achieve this vision the plan looks through the lens of the following five themes: (1) Sustainability – Acknowledging the impacts of climate change and proposing mechanisms for flood and heat island mitigation by building resilience through design; (2) Productivity – Enabling the growth of health care and knowledge intensive industries to achieve over 450,000 jobs (ten times as many as business as usual scenario) delivered through innovation corridors and growth precincts; (3) Connectivity – Creating an integrated regional and local transport network to enable a 30-minute city and increase equitable access particularly to south west Sydney; (4) Liveability – Setting ambitious affordable housing targets (40% of all new dwellings) using innovative models and creating a cultural destination of metropolitan significance; (5) First Nations and Country – Moving beyond tokenistic approaches to First Nations’ issues, working in partnership with Aboriginal communities, and delivering benefits to Aboriginal communities through housing and rent paying mechanisms.

59

Legend

Extended CBD Precinct

Westmead East Precinct

Arts and Culture Precinct

Odyssey

Existing local centres Local centres Community centres Schools and day care centres Cultural Precinct Parramatta CBD CBD extension Health and Education Precinct Life Sciences Park Education Precinct Biotech Park Mixed use affordable housing + KI jobs Mixed use affordable housing + HE jobs Social infrastructure upgrade Heritage conservation area Metro stops ART stops Train stops Light rail stops Proposed green spaces

60

Local Housing Strategies Nicole Gurran

Master of Urban and Regional Planning

Housing and Urban and Regional Development

This unit introduces the key policy and planning issues associated with the ‘production’ and ‘consumption’ of housing. These range from the physical location and sustainable design of new housing, through to the dynamics of the housing market, and the contribution of housing strategies to urban and regional revitalisation. The unit focuses on emerging themes in housing and urban development, and develops practical skills in designing strategic planning, policy, and project-based responses to encourage more affordable, appropriate and environmentally sustainable housing outcomes for urban and regional Australia.

The major component for the assessment of this subject is to develop a local housing strategy as part of a small group, for a Local Government Area (LGA) in NSW. The strategy establishes policy objectives and a land use planning framework for housing within the broader context of sustainable urban or regional development, such as sustainability, affordability and appropriateness of design. The strategy is informed by a housing needs assessment and market analysis for a local area and an understanding of the housing development process from financial feasibility through to the design and approval of a particular project.

61

Odyssey

Local Housing Strategy: Ballina, Phoebe Ludemann, Nell O’Brien, Kate Lynch Ballina Township, facing east. Image source: Burgess Lawson

62

Local Housing Strategy: Campbelltown

Master of Urban and Regional Planning

Eesha Bajaj, Mohammed Nihal, Anushka Aher Vision The Local Housing Strategy of Campbelltown establishes the short term and long term objectives for housing. By adopting the GSC’s vision for the Western Sydney District, the LHS recognises the housing needs of the present and future generations. Based on evidence, the LHS identifies potential locations and strategies by which housing can cater to a diverse demographic cohort.

finally optimise rental dwellings to meet the typology and affordability demand for the projected floating population.

The Local Housing Strategy for Campbelltown is one that aims to meet the demands of changing and growing population in the region. To achieve this, the plan crafted by the Greater Sydney Commission called ‘The Metropolis of Three Cities’ has been used as a guide. The plan seeks to transform Greater Sydney into a metropolis of three cities: namely, the Western Parkland City, the Central River City and the Eastern Harbour City.

The proposed objectives are set to achieve a city envisioned as a health and education hub. This city will be one where the healthcare and education sectors will be the primary drivers of the economy. Therefore, the infrastructural developments in housing must support this city that is being designed for students, healthcare workers and their families while supporting its aging and vulnerable populations.

The local government area of Campbelltown is located on the outskirts of Metropolitan Sydney and will be a part of what the plan calls Western Parkland city. It is surrounded

by Camden LGA, Liverpool LGA, Wollondilly LGA, Sutherland Shire LGA and Wollongong LGA and lies 53 km southwest of Sydney CBD.

1.

According to the vision set for Western Parkland City, residents of the area will have quicker and easier access to a wide range of jobs, housing types and activities. The Western City District Plan plans to increase the number of houses with increased affordability and choices. This vision is reflected in the objectives charted in the plan, ‘The Metropolis of Three Cities’.

This local housing strategy discusses objectives by extracting research and directives in existing state and local plans and collating these through housing and market analysis. The strategy proposes objectives that aim to maximise benefit to all current and future demographic groups. The methodology has been summarised in Figure 2.

Campbelltown’s housing needs will witness a drastic shift based on the transforming demographic groups in the area which will in turn, affect the demand drivers for housing in the LGA. In the next 20 years, Campbelltown will witness a shift in its population from a static (ageing, households with children) to a more floating population (young working professionals). To accommodate the needs of a floating population that consists of young working professionals the principle approach chosen is to invest in higher rental housing that is accessible, to satisfy the demand.

Being inspired by the design thinking methodology (CIO Australia, 2018), we have structured our summary based on the idea that every problem has the main objective of either optimising, maximising or minimising while being given a set of variables and constraints. This translates as: our main objective is to maximise access to housing for all its current and future residents, to minimise housing stress for low-income households, families with children and

Ideology & Approach: The approach for this housing strategy is to offer a dynamic housing intervention that has an adaptable typology and a light-footed/ephemeral approach towards planning. The idea is to adopt the concept of ephemeral urbanism into our strategy.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Create a healthy, connected, and resilient neighborhood.

Increase the number of dwellings within the LGA based on the Western Sydney district plan.

Provide affordable and diverse housing for all lowand medium-income groups.

Provide housing that supports the vision to create an equitable health and education precinct.

Housing typologies meet the community’s changing needs.

Create a culturally rich and economically diverse community.

To foster a knowledge city that is culturally and economically diverse and well connected, the local housing strategy recognises the connectivity and the existence of a diverse demographic as its core strengths. Equitable access to basic amenities such as housing are key to this diversity along with the understanding that gentrification has not yet affected access to basic amenities. To achieve the objectives and sustain the existing strengths of the city, a regulated and equitable approach is required to focus on achieving housing for all thereby ensuring the sustenance of an economically diverse and culturally rich community.

The following are the local housing strategies for the Campbelltown City Council: Strategy 1: Transit-oriented design Strategy 2: Affordable Housing Strategy 3: Towards an equitable health and education precinct Additionally, the strategy also discusses detailed steps to achieve goals as well as four indicators to monitor progress.

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Background and Context Analysis

Key Observation

Vision, Ideology and Way Foward

Campbelltown Local Housing Strategy

Objectives (6)

Targets (Quantitative Data)

Strategies

Specific Area (Precinct Plan)

Affordable Housing Strategy

Implementation

Steps

Who to consult?

Indicators

Figure 2: Methodology flow chart

Odyssey

Figure 1: Map exhibiting Campbelltown LGA and urban renewal corridor

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Local Housing Strategy: Ballina Phoebe Ludemann, Nell O’Brien, Kate Lynch

Master of Urban and Regional Planning

The Ballina Local Housing Strategy (LHS) was a cooperative report that required deep research into the state of the housing market in Ballina, and its capacity to meet the needs of the community over the next 10-20 years. The following qualities led the research and construction of the report: Representative of the Community This strategy is intended to be a device for listening to and amplifying the needs of the various communities in Ballina.

It required a deep understanding of the environments and peoples within the LGA, and begins with acknowledgment of the sovereignty, knowledge holders and Country of the Bundjalung people (Jali Land Council, n.d.). Being a mock report, the research was not able to consult directly with the Jali LALC, but it does propose a framework in which continuous consultation identifies and prioritises the interests of both the Bundjalung people and other Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people living off-Country in Ballina.

The research also revealed concerns within the community about the preservation of the primary production agricultural lands within the context of subdivision for new housing. In addition to this, populations that are particularly vulnerable to affordability issues were identified with particular regard for the ageing population, whose potential for ageing in place was under greater threat due to the increasing internal migration of young professionals into Ballina, and the short-term rental market. These factors therefore directed further quantitative research to establish objective, quantitative housing indicators and needs.

Evidence Based Demographic research supported these unique issues and pointed to the need for bold affordable housing targets. Whilst the potential household capacity from subdivisions and infill are projected to meet the population increase needs, it became apparent that certain qualities of that housing would need to be steered within existing capacity to provide accessible, fit-for-purpose housing.

Rental housing stress was measured within Ballina using the 30/40 Housing rule (Gabriel, Jacobs, Arthurson, Burke and Yates, 2005) to gauge the experience of affordability in Ballina when compared to NSW more broadly. Ballina has higher numbers of households under housing stress than NSW, and especially high numbers of rental households under rental stress.

Additionally, dwelling structure needs are projected to be drastically unmet, with 45% of Ballina projected to live alone or as a couple by 2021, but only 20% of existing households being 1 or 2 bedroom dwellings (DPIE, 2019 and ABS, 2016). This is expected to worsen affordability with smaller households competing for appropriate housing, or being forced into inappropriately large housing at greater expense.

Further to this, the report was able to plot these trends within the LGA with GIS software, revealing the individual housing needs of communities in Lennox Head, Alstonville

and Wollongbar, Wardell, and Ballina town centre. These focused needs were used to propose strategies for appropriate and affordable housing for local centres, whilst considering the character and capacity of each.

Practicable With an understanding of the existing development context as well as the arena in which planners are able to affect change, a combination of statutory and non-land use strategies are proposed to achieve the outcomes set out in the report towards accessible and appropriate housing.

In a statutory land-use setting, new inclusionary zoning in Ballina town centre increases the capacity for infill housing without encroaching on existing character. Additionally, a site-specific strategic planning Housing on Country Map is proposed to identify sites with potential for development in partnership with the Aboriginal Housing Organisation, in consultation with the Jali LALC. Non land-use strategies include an Adopted Affordable Housing Contribution Scheme (AAHCS, consistent with the inclusionary R4 zoning above) as well as a management program for short-term rental accommodation, and sustainability initiatives related to the provision of solar power in new subdivisions and flood-resilient development. Key to this LHS is maintaining viability and attractiveness to developers to ensure that the strategy can be executed in the market environment. The AAHCS is demonstrated in a development setting with a feasibility test on a lot in the proposed area of zoning change.

Finally, the success of the report as a whole relies on the continued monitoring and consultation of proposed changes and outcomes as they arise. It therefore considers pathways for assessment and review, with particular consideration for the effects of COVID on housing demands in Ballina.

65

Odyssey

(Top) Ballina Township, facing east. Image Source: Burgess Lawson (Bottom) Agricultural hinterland near Alstonville and Wollongbar. Image Source: PRD

66

Urban and Planning Reports Nancy Marshall, Ryan Jones

Master of Urbanism/Master of Urban and Regional Planning

Urban and Planning Reports

Urban Report The Urban Report is a substantial project involving research conducted over one semester. It takes the form of a written and illustrated report (between 5,000 and 10,000 words) that is produced in response to a consultancy research brief. The aim of the unit is to build students’ skills and knowledge in conducting research within an urban research consultancy context. Depending on the research brief, the report may be: 1) Practically focused, such as the preparation of an urban design or urban development project; 2) Theoretically focused, such as a review of a conceptual viewpoint; or it may 3) Occupy the middle ground, such as an exploration of a contemporary issue or review/testing of a theoretical method. The Urban Report is an opportunity to build skills and knowledge in a particular area of urbanism within a professional setting. The aim of the Urban Report is to enhance the student’s skills and knowledge in relation to the professional practice of urbanism.

Planning Report The Planning Report is a substantial piece of research conducted over one semester.

It takes the form of report (between 10,000 and 12,000 words) on a topical urban and regional planning subject of choice. In some cases, the report is based on a priority thematic topic agreed with a local Council in the Sydney metropolitan area. The Planning Report provides an opportunity to think critically about a planning problem and to develop an appropriate research methodology or analytical approach to address it. It advances knowledge in a real-world planning situation.

Exhibited students have applied intellectual rigour to a diverse range of topics, ranging from creating regional recreational walking links, tactical urbanism as grassroots placemaking, and recreating the Public Spaces Place diagram to suit the rapid changes to our lives since its inception.

67

Odyssey

Coast to Mountains: Exploring Methods in Creating Recreational Regional Links in NSW, Jack Storch

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Reinventing the Project for Public Spaces Place Diagram: A Case for Urban Squares Eshita Dutia Supervisor: Nancy Marshall

1. Focus on urban squares

Public space design has been an integral part of city-shaping and planning. While conventionally reserved for practitioners who were entrusted with decision-making on behalf of people, the tide of ‘place-making’ has shifted in favour of expanding place design to prioritise public participation aimed at creating better places for communities. Although there is neither a single mantra for designing successful places nor a ‘one-size fits-all’ approach, guidelines and evaluation criteria have been developed over the years. One such toolkit is the Place Diagram by Project for Public Spaces (PPS). The Place Diagram was first published in the year 2000 and is highly regarded within planning and design industry as a valuable design resource.

Master of Urbanism

The original PPS diagram comprises of four key attributes of Sociability, Access and Linkage, Uses and Activities, and Comfort and Image at its core. The intangibles in the middle ring of the wheel are inspired by the community’s description of places they enjoy; and metrics comprise its outermost ring.

Key attributes Intangibles Measurements 2. Add new attributes

In the two decades since the diagram was originally released, technology has evolved and topical issues concerning climate change, place resilience, and mental and physical health have emerged, which the diagram in its current form does not account for. Besides, it is intended to cater to all typologies of public spaces – urban squares, parks, streets, open marketplaces, in-between spaces and more.

In reality, each type of space differs widely in characteristics, needs, uses and aspirations which makes the diagram a generic resource. This ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach could potentially dilute the essence of a space and diminish its uniqueness. The report, therefore undertook research in order to revisit the Place Diagram through a process of understanding urban spaces and focussing specifically on the urban square; an open space typology that is the need of the hour. urban squares have historically been regarded as public living rooms and community meeting places around which city activities revolved. Be it the bustling Times Square in New York or the traditional Tahrir Square in Cairo, urban squares are increasingly being viewed as places for public protests, mass gatherings, and vigils; symbolising democratic power of the masses.

In the last two decades, the world has witnessed rapid advances in technology and development of complex metrics to evaluate change and progress. There are path-breaking innovations in transport and mobility focused on transit-oriented planning which makes metrics like ‘parking usage patterns’ irrelevant to evaluate success of an urban space. The report attempts to address the gaps in the current Place Diagram by focusing on a specific type of public space: the urban square and proposes a revamped version of the Place Diagram with updated attributes, intangibles and metrics.

3. Delete redundant attributes

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The study examines the following questions: • What elements should a contemporary Place Diagram encompass in relation to urban squares to prolong its relevance into the future?

• What characteristics make successful urban squares?

• Which existing Place Diagram’s principles apply to urban squares?

The new Place Diagram builds on the PPS toolkit by: 1. Focusing on urban squares: Making the diagram specific to urban squares and understanding the relevance of each attribute with regard to the chosen category of open space.

2. Adding new attributes: Introducing ‘adaptability’ as a key attribute and adding a much-needed section on

3.

‘health’ and associated metrics for evaluation.

Deleting redundant attributes: Involves updating the attributes and metrics of the original diagram to suit contemporary people-and-place challenges in the context of urban squares.

Several case studies were analysed, and a literature review was carried out to synthesise new attributes, intangibles and metrics into the existing Place Diagram. The report emphasises that the guide must be used in consultation with community to arrive at place-specific priorities and outcomes. The revamped version of the diagram acknowledges that the diagram needs to adapt according to changing trends and technology and that it would benefit from being regarded as an evolving, dynamic resource.

Odyssey

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Coast to the Mountains: Exploring Methods in Creating Recreational Regional Links in NSW Jack Storch Supervisor: Ryan Jones Urban green spaces – ranging in scale from local neighborhood parks to National Parks – provide communities with many health and well-being benefits to create opportunities for recreation and socialising.

However, ongoing pressures of population growth and densification, combined with increased pressures on outdoor spaces for recreation due to the COVID-19 pandemic, imply that there is an opportunity to establish new methods to locate future outdoor recreational networks. This is especially pertinent in Sydney, where the development of the Sydney Green Grid has provided more efficient access to open space and promotion of a green network for different forms of recreation.

Master of Urbanism

This study aims to explore a variety of approaches employed when designing the best location for recreational green links. This provides insights into an understanding of green links methodologies; focusing on the implementation of context and place character through design.

The study considers a method employing a variety of techniques found in literature, both strategic and place based. Broad themes in the literature include quantitative, measuring feasibility through a ‘multi-criteria analysis’, and qualitative, linking significant natural landmarks and character areas of a place. However, this study argues for a method that connects the space between approaches.

The study identifies that incorporating an understanding of site attractiveness at a place-based level could provide greater detail when preparing an approach using GIS systems at strategic levels. Combining approaches ensures that place is embedded in strategic design.

The initial method, the multi-criteria analysis, involves the analysis of the relationship between multiple sets of raster and vector GIS data. Data sets are identified in the literature review as having either positive or negative impacts on the location of green links. The data is then mapped in GIS and overlayed onto a grid. Individual data sets are then merged based on their ranking to produce a final suitability map, with more suitable grid hexagons having a more saturated output. Based on the suitability map, hubs of large green areas and trails linking those areas are designed and mapped, and three trail options have been chosen linking these hubs.

The second method involves an exploration of the green links’ unique factors. A series of observational site visits have been undertaken to map, test and evaluate trail segments against criteria established in literature review.

A variety of sample trails were chosen at random along each of the three options. Trails were then walked and experiences mapped, considering how the user moves through the space. Photographs have been taken of significant features of the walk to provide a record. Each criterion is ranked and compared to form a final trail option, which is then developed further.

Water Bodies

Slope

Streets and Bike Paths

Planning (Land Use)

Planning (Heritage)

Trails and Campsites

Vegetation and Biodiversity

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In order to successfully test this methodology, Sydney was chosen as the laboratory to implement this study’s research from method to outcome. The vision for the study is to create a defined cultural and environmental trail corridor establishing the primary dedicated regional green link from Sydney’s Coast to its Mountains. This vision led to the identification of the trailheads; Circular Quay and the Mt Blaxland (south of Lithgow).

The multi-criteria analysis method identifies three trail options connecting these trailheads, the north, west and south option. Each option connects key green-blue infrastructure within Sydney, such as the Parramatta River, Lane Cover River, Blue Mountains National Park and the Hawkesbury River.

Three observational site visits were undertaken along each trail to determine their proposed experiences. Each segment has been walked and mapped, with notes taken against each of the criteria.

The findings suggest that trails through highly vegetated areas and interesting urban landscapes are important.

During the observational site visits, several trail segments were identified as weaker due to their locations not being in established green links. The most successful areas relied on natural elements to define them. This includes unique vegetation typologies, proximity to water bodies, rocks, caves and different terrains. Residential areas, especially in Sydney’s west and south-west, were identified as extremely weak due to monotonous built form and lack of vegetation. Stronger areas were in places with a variety of built form, with vibrant spaces and places that created a unique sequence of experiences such as in Pyrmont and Windsor.

End to End Green Connection

Urban to Natural Transition

Parts of a Whole

Range of Experiences

Odyssey

The final trail option has been identified by ranking these experiences against each other. The final trail is identified as the northern trail due to its unique built form and landscape qualitative character. The trail performs marginally better or equal in other criteria including ‘uniqueness’, ‘heritage’, ‘start and finish’ and ‘landmarks’, but performed significantly worse in its accessibility.

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Considerations of a Population and Settlement Strategy for NSW With application to Goulburn, NSW Patrick James Brett Noonan Supervisor: Ryan Jones The population of Australia is forecast to grow from approximately 25 million people in 2021, to anywhere between 36 and 46 million people by 2061. Greater Sydney alone is forecast to grow between 50% and 90%, while regional NSW is forecast to only grow between 14% and 23% in the same period, from about 2.8 million to somewhere between 3.2 million and 3.5 million people (ABS, 2018).

Master of Urbanism

There is also a significant infrastructure back-log in major cities as a result of long term high-growth, paired with underinvestment in the right type and scale of infrastructure. If these trends continue with no government intervention, regional areas will experience dwindling populations compared to rapidly growing metropolitan populations, affecting the quality of life for people in metropolitan and regional areas. One way of addressing this challenge is to encourage population decentralisation.

Decentralisation has been attempted by numerous governments throughout the 20th Century, with limited success.

Recently there have been two major changes which have reignited the potential for successful decentralisation.

Firstly, the completion of the National Broadband Network (NBN) has provided broadband internet to a majority of the population of regional Australia, allowing for businesses or workers to relocate to regional areas or people to access e-health and remote learning opportunities. Secondly, we’ve also seen the COVID-19 pandemic significantly shift workplace cultures and allow many workers and industries – mainly tertiary industries – to work remote from an organisation’s office. The former NSW Planning Minister, Rob Stokes, has also been actively pursuing a more detailed long term population strategy to understand ‘how many we can expect, where we want them to live and what their needs and attributes might be’.

This research report seeks to revisit the virtues of decentralisation, reframed as population and settlement strategies, with the contemporary contextual factors noted above. In addition to exploring how population targets might be developed, it explores planning considerations and mechanisms that should be utilised to ensure successful population decentralisation. To better illustrate some impacts and considerations of a population and settlement strategy, the regional city of Goulburn is used as a case study.

The research methodology is mainly qualitative research, with the literature review as a key component, and to a lesser extent, document analysis to focus on particular areas or ideas and draw out common themes. Quantitative elements of research were mainly undertaken by spreadsheet analysis and based on ABS data for the case study of Goulburn. This includes population forecasts, employment and industry data, education data, housing data and environmental data.

What was found is that liveability considerations and measures are an effective way to approach and structure a population and settlement strategy that successfully attracts residents away from metropolitan areas. The spatial and built elements of urban planning, such as provision of new housing areas and sustainability aspects, could be managed through existing mechanisms such as LEPs and DCPs, however these are not centrally controlled and coordinated. Similarly, developing a policy framework for the management and implementation of liveability strategies would be impossible to implement through these mechanisms. As a state-level initiative, a population and settlement strategy could likely be best executed through the development of a Population and Settlement State Environmental Planning Policy.

This could codify into a legal act of parliament by: • Identification of growth cities based on a suitability analysis, and their respective population and dwelling targets over time.

• Provisions and requirements for different liveability indicators and factors, such as: – Amount of required parkland per person.

– A structured approach to providing for leisure,

culture and entertainment.

– Minimum requirements for access to

sustainable transport options, such as bus

stop catchments, access to cycleways

and parking minimum or maximums for new developments.

– Infrastructure requirements, such as

telecommunications, intercity travel, schools

and universities, and hospitals.

• Mechanisms to give effect to the SEPP. • Governance arrangements of the strategy.

Importantly, this report also highlights how a number of areas of liveability need to be strategically managed and monitored as part of a population and settlement strategy.

In purely practical terms, it is not a strategy that could be administered and managed by a single government department; it would need a whole-of-government approach with private-sector collaboration to effectively implement and manage.

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Core elements of a Population and Settlement Strategy

1

Population and settlement strategy concept

1. Clearly articulated size or growth rate goals, and how this is distributed.

2. Responding to existing and future demographic issues 3. Coordinating of different responsibilities between different levels of government.

4. Ongoing planning and management for new infrastructure to support population growth.

5. Strategic vision and planning for growth cities collectively.

2

Access to affordable and diverse housing

To amount of land required to accomodate Scenario 2 of population growth targets are shown below. Provision must be made for allocation and acquisition of adequate land for social and affordable housing through amendments to Affordable Rental Housing SEPP and SEPP 70 Affordable Housing Revised Schemes.

3

Table: Potential population growth for Goulburn under various scenarios.

Scenario

2021

2031

2041

2051

2061

Base case (0.44%)

24,382

25,476

26,620

27,814

29,063

Scenario 1 (0.44% plus distributed regional growth)

24,382

30,324

37,714

46,906

58,337

Scenario 2 (0.44% plus high rate, targeted growth)

24,382

32,889

44,031

58,611

77,678

Scenario 3 (0.44% plus growth to ca. 100,000)

24,382

40,476

61,620

82,814

104,063

Figure: Overall suitability analysis map for new urban development.

Source: Grace, et al., 2021. Land required (m2) Housing Bolleter, type Mix 2031

2041

2051

2061

Subtotal

Separate house 75% 1,311,159 1,768,613 2,367,780 3,151,861 8,599,414 117,908 157,852 210,124 573,294 Semi-detached 10% 87,411 45,066 59,195 78,797 214,985 Apartment 15% 32,779 Total 9,387,693

Social cohesion and inclusion

Attract young people and balancing ageing populations: improving social and leisure, higher education and employment opportunities. Emphasise safety, access to nature and community.

4

Sustainable transport options

New, regional-scale transport infrastructure in regional areas encourages economic activity. This could include airports and high-speed rail.

Provision of sustainable urban transport is also required.

5

Employment, leisure, education and health

Green space: including amount of space per person and average distance to green space.

Psychology and physiological benefits for all residents.

Employment: In particular for Goulburn, focus on growing Managerial, Professional and Administrative roles.

Leisure and entertainment: Develop entertainment and leisure precincts to attract residents and tourists. Amend planning controls to support variety of uses.

Education: Diversify and grow existing campuses and provide wider range of student accommodation.

Health: Design of neighbourhoods to encourage exercise, reduce environmental pollution, provide better access to green space, arts and culture with a cumulative positive impact to health.

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Identity and permanence through built form: Karratha, WA and Gold Coast, QLD were established at similar times but have different population trajectories. This may be partly due to how easy it is for would-be residents to conceptualise these places as ‘cities’.

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Neoliberalism and Equity The case of Central Park, Sydney Surbhi Chhabra Supervisor: Pranita Shrestha

Master of Urbanism

Neoliberalism is often associated with the economy and the ‘free market’. The ideology being least restrictions in terms of government intervention and similar interference to generate profit. The theory of neo-liberalism does not seek to overthrow the state (government) but aims to create a framework through the policy interventions where the institutions, agencies and individuals involved are reorganised or reshaped in ways compatible with aspirations of the market and complaint with economic quantifications.

Over time, the presence of the neo-liberalism phenomenon has been noticed among a wide variety of disciplines globally. The urban development sector is no different and neo-liberalism has been constantly associated with the development of the urban areas. The urban areas are shaped taking into consideration the rationale of the market rather than the needs and necessities of its inhabitants; also, the role of the state is restructured from providing services and shaping cities to pursue profitability. The state rather being the provider of service and social welfare enables conditions that are suitable for the neoliberal urban policies to work through and generate & accumulate capital. This signifies that the role that state played through the traditional urban policies for the welfare of the subaltern group is no longer been addressed by the profit-seeking neoliberal urban policies promoting inequality and imbalance within a city.

A wide literature indicates that the neoliberal cities tend to be an inequitable arena where the goal is to accumulate capital and no observable thought to the concept of welfare is stated. This research is positioned to understand and analyse the impact of such urban policies through a neoliberal urban policy of ecological urban renewal.

The ecological urban renewal is based on the concept of sustainable development which consists of three imperatives associated with it – social, economic and ecological. Under the neoliberal regime, the economic and ecological aspects associated with sustainability are given significance and the social aspect is often neglected and sometimes ignored. Being liveable and desirable the demand for such sustainable developments pushes the vulnerable groups out of the area by the more affluent group engendering the process of gentrification.

By taking the case of Central Park, which is an ecological urban renewal within Sydney, the research seeks to identify the position of equity in neoliberal urban policies.

An attempt to produce empirical evidence for gentrification as an impact of neoliberal urban policy is made through the case analysis of Central Park. In this research, the available literature on neoliberalism and gentrification is such positioned it explicitly explains the correlation between them. Further, a detailed analysis of Central Park in terms of its development history and policies employed in its development are elaborated. The case analysis is then followed by the understanding of the current trends prevalent in Central Park and their significance in deter-

mining the impact of the neoliberal policies. The impact of the neoliberal urban policies is apparent in the case of Central Park i.e., the data analysed has demonstrated the trend towards gentrification, increased segregation and class-based exclusion within the suburb of Chippendale.

The development has nationally and internationally won several awards for its extraordinary ecological sustainable features and for improving the economic viability at the city’s fringe. However, the concept of sustainability is not just about environmental & economic imperatives but there exists a social imperative to it as well. If sustainable developments are to be planned it is essential to consider the social aspect which is not only about the liveability of the area as developers of Central Park boasts about it by providing few social spaces for the community, but the social imperative of sustainability also includes the factor of equity without which the process of eco-gentrification is engendered. It is essential for the state to take hold of such projects so that the negative impacts of these policies such as inequality and segregation can be minimised.

As said in previous research, the development should be sustainable for all and not for those who can afford it.

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Tactical urbanism: A tool for placemaking Akshaisankar Sabu Supervisor: Pranita Shrestha

Master of Urbanism

There has been a growing interest in citizen-driven, small-scale urban interventions recently around the world.

Whether it is a travelling food truck or a pop-up market, tactical urbanism is opening up new ways of thinking in city-making. Having roots in pre-modern history, these types of micro-projects were brought under the umbrella term of ‘tactical urbanism’ and only started getting attention from urbanists and scholars within last decade.

Tactical urbanism seeks local solutions for local issues for those who are the primary beneficiaries of the project.

Many of the tactical urbanism projects are remarkably successful in providing sophisticated, creative, and low-cost solutions to unaddressed urban issues.

Tactical urbanism emerged as a grassroots level placemaking approach led by urban activists as a reaction to the rigid bureaucratic process of planning and slower delivery of social infrastructure. It has often been portrayed as the ‘voice of the people'. Since then, tactical urbanism interventions have received immense popularity across the globe through popular media and started to get attention from the planning authorities. These tactics are now widely being adopted by the planning agencies as an incremental development approach, creating a new spectrum of sanctioned tactical urbanism.

In that context, this paper primarily tries to understand the potential position of tactical urbanism in the wider planning spectrum. With questions such as how these short-term, grassroots approaches of tactical urbanism can be integrated into the planning process to create equitable and vibrant urban spaces, and how long-term planning visions can be achieved for the city? With this incorporation to formal planning practice, are the original intentions and rebellious character of tactical urbanism being lost? Or does it signal a gradual power shift in urban politics?

To answer these questions, the paper studies some of the best practices of state-initiated tactical urbanism programs around the world and evaluates them against the principles of placemaking and citizen participation, employing a qualitative lens. The implementation framework is studied in detail and the role of the actors are identified to understand the balance between and formal and informal sectors in these practices. The discussion touches upon various aspects of tactical urbanism including the vision, social capital, subversive nature and its implications at the city level. The study revealed that the state-initiated tactical urbanism movements succeed to an extent in blurring the line between the top-down and bottom-up city-making approaches by building meaningful partnerships with the formal planning system and community groups. However, this formalisation creates an institutionalised barrier that restricts the active participation of citizens. Overall, this paper aims to develop a comprehensive understanding of tactical urbanism strategies and their opportunities and challenges in urban design and planning. This study is part of a growing body of research on post-modern and contemporary urbanism movements.

ShiftSpace Design. (2013). 40th St and Walnut St Parklet. A seasonal parklet in Philadelphia. https://www.shiftspacedesign.com/portfolio/parklet/

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Case Study 1: New York Plaza Project

Case Study 2: San Francisco Parklet Program

Case Study 2: San Francisco Parklet Program

Case Study 3: London Play Streets

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Case Study 1: New York Plaza Project

Case Study 3: London Play Streets

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How can planning and design help evolve streets for people?

Devika Devdas Shetty Supervisor: Pranita Shrestha

Master of Urbanism

Streets have multifaceted qualities that shape urban place and play an important role in people’s daily lives and experiences. With the ever-increasing dominance of vehicles on streets, the quality and experience of pedestrianised spaces often seems to be neglected. This report tries to unfold the power, qualities and experiences that streets as spaces hold for its users. The efficiency of urban streets must be improved in ways that sustain the urban context and ensure that the public realm is preserved and enhanced as that of excellent quality.

Streets are closely connected to other urban structures and designing them well gives cities and their inhabitants numerous benefits. It is now time for urban planners, designers and policymakers to take the opportunity to reclaim and empower streets. How can planning and design help evolve streets for people? This report analyses the NSW ‘Practitioner’s Guide to Movement and Place’ to identify gaps and help inform and recommend indicators to achieve successful future streets.

There is no ‘thumb-rule’ or ‘one size fits all’ approach to creating vibrant and safe streets. This research is an attempt to help city-makers gain an understanding of certain principles while analysing and implementing street interventions from user’s perspective. Although tangible and intangible elements like street widths, signposts, traffic signals, vegetation, etc. are crucial aspects to be considered, this research primarily aims at the missing gaps that future streets could potentially adapt.

To know what present streets lack and what future streets could look like, it is important to dive into analysing the historical evolution of streets. The literature review will look back at the 13th and 14th century towns working on a grid pattern evolving into 16th century urban cores, where social and economic factors played an important role in shaping the town streets and waterways. Increased convenience of transport transformed carriageways as cities evolved (socially and economically) leading to increasing vehicular traffic and the need for street bifurcation in the 19th century giving rise to ‘sidewalks’. Standardised dimensions for streets were adopted to respond to the changing demands and increased vehicle use of streets.

In the US street standards emerged in the 1930s (before WW2). Modern architecture separated streets for people and roads for vehicles. With the evolutions of streets and shift to a predominant use for automobiles, the vision of designing streets as per user experience has taken a back-seat and the gap is evident.

To further understand the role of streets, nine street typologies are showcased and a case study analysis on three primary typologies are provided. The report provides a framework with themed criteria and indicators for evaluating successful streets further informing the NSW ‘Practitioner’s Guide to Movement and Place’.

The proposed framework aims to achieve better outcomes for well-planned and designed future streets and provides an analysed and re-designed outcome for the strategic

policy framework. Today, accepting that vehicular and pedestrian movement must co-exist within streets, this study will provide insights and suggestions for a different planning approach to integrate vehicular and pedestrian movement into streets, while creating vibrant experiences for its users. In conclusion, this report focuses on understanding streets in context of pedestrians, however, not eliminating the presence of automobiles from the context of streets. The goal of this report is to understand and achieve successful streets for people by considering the presence of issues co-existing in the present and managing to evolve with a well-planned and designed street environment for the future. This report is thus an effort to emphasise the need to reclaim streets for people.

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EVOLUTION OF STREETS Looking back into the past

How can planning and design help evolve streets for people?

Congested sidewalks

Few opportunities to stop

Obstacles on sidewalks

Difficult navigation

Streets without seats

Closed facades

STREETS FOR AUTOMOBILE What went wrong?

STREETS FOR PEOPLE Need of the hour!

LITERATURE REVIEW

WHY? - Issues

4 seconds

4 seconds

4 seconds

4 seconds

4 seconds

1 every 4 seconds

Starting point to consider - Size: human scale + speed + senses

GUIDELINES FOR PLANNING AND DESIGN FRAMEWORK - FUTURE STREETS

Maintenance and operations Distribution of space and assets Social inclusion and access Sustainability and resilience Street edges and buildings

Planning and designing to help evolve streets for people

Safety and security Consider human senses Environmental benefits Effective use of space Sustainable development Respond to context Varied land use PHYSICAL & MENTAL HEALTH

TECHNOLOGY

PLANNING & DESIGN

COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Planning controls Boost business on streets Parklets Street closures Pop-up strategies

Permeability (walking, cycling)

Mode share Journey time reliability (freight, public transport)

Policy documents Impact of land use on streets Urban quality criteria Vision, benefit, strategy and action

CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING MOVEMENT AND PLACE: INDICATORS

Safe system assessment Casualty crash rate Environmental quality

WHAT IS MISSING? Integrating Planning + Design + Technology for future streets

Tree canopy

Public space Mixed use

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1000 stimulus per hour

4 seconds

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Healing through heritage: Rehabilitation of post-conflict cities Shikha Swaroop Supervisor: Matthew Devine Cities are complex spaces where built fabric acts as a backdrop for chaotic human interactions. Cities comprise tangible aspects like buildings, roads and parks while intangible aspects include community, culture and human experience.

Master of Urbanism

Heritage is among the elements that bind the tangible and intangible aspects of a city together. Built heritage, particularly those with strong ties to the community, help create social cohesion amongst those who have shared identity and values forming homogenous groups based on nationality, race, religion and ethnicity.

However, conflict arises when there is uncertainty of continuity of one group over the other. In shared regions of conflicting identities and values, aggravated by volatile political climate, heritage has often been weaponised to further political agendas. Thus, built heritage has often been a deliberate target during war and conflict to diminish the achievements and identity of the targeted society. In post-conflict cities, it is important to conserve the affected heritage to restore lost identity of a community and foster social cohesion.

This report critically examines heritage conservation practices which have been implemented to rebuild post-conflict cities in historic light to the present day.

Examples assessed include post-war Europe in the 20th century, Beirut in the late 1990s and Mali in the 21st century.

Following the 2nd World War, there was a need to rebuild historic town centres in Europe. However, the heritage approach varied across Europe. In Coventry, England, the town centre, almost completely ruinous after the war, was seen as a blank slate and testing grounds for post-war Modernist principles rather than reconstructing or restoring the historic town centre. The Polish capital Warsaw, another city devastated by the war, adopted an approach based on nostalgia for Warsaw’s glorious past.

Historic sites were rebuilt based on 18th century paintings.

The German city Dresden employed a more strategic approach and rebuilt its iconic Baroque buildings while still embracing Modernism.

The varied, and what appeared to be arbitrary at the time, heritage practices adopted in post-war Europe drew the attention of prominent patrons of art and architecture, eventually playing a formative role in the drafting of the Venice Charter in 1964 to allow for a uniform conservation approach.

While well intended, the Charter largely focused on monumentality and physical conservation of historic sites but failed to adequately address the social aspects tied to heritage buildings. Towards the end of the 20th century, Beirut, following decades of civil war, was ready to rebuild.

Adopting the material-based approach endorsed by the Venice Charter, the historic buildings in the town centre were restored to celebrate Beirut’s past. However, this led

to gentrification of the pristine town centre and adversely impacted the local community.

By the 21st century, the heritage field had evolved to incorporate intangible aspects of heritage and recognise the community as custodians of their heritage. The rebuilding of Mali in the 2010s involved the active participation of the local community. Intangible cultural aspects such as prayer, religious rituals and music were deemed an essential part of the rehabilitation process.

Through these examples, the report examines the political circumstances, its manifestation onto the built form of cities and its repercussions on the social and psychological healing of afflicted cities have been analysed to understand whether heritage conservation approaches are well-equipped for rehabilitation of post-conflict cities.

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Effects of contemporary additions and alterations to the character of an urban conservation area: Paddington, NSW Ankita Powale Supervisor: Jacqui Goddard

Master of Urbanism

Conservation of old precincts of high cultural, social as well as architectural significance has been undertaken on a large- scale by the efforts of community action groups in the 1960s and 70s in Australia. Australia’s inner city areas like Paddington & Balmain in Sydney; Carlton & Fitzroy in Melbourne and North Adelaide in Adelaide faced major changes in the 1960s and 70s where community action groups undertook massive efforts against large scale development to save the significant inner city suburbs that they valued.1 The following research report focuses on understanding the intent and the objectives of an early example of community action group to protect the heritage precinct of Paddington in Sydney and the key objectives that were detrimental for designating it as an urban conservation area. Several alterations and additions, especially at the rear to the wing extensions, interiors of the terraces and to the rear of the dwellings along the laneways, have taken place in the last twenty years to the terrace houses which are the key assets and characteristic features of the Paddington conservation area.2 The study focuses on understanding how the authenticity and integrity of the urban conservation area of Paddington has been affected by these recent alterations and additions taking place at the rear and in the interiors of the terrace houses in Paddington. The report is an effort to understand how the changes in the needs of the community bring about contemporary development in the suburb leading to the loss of the original character of the suburb with just the external front façade retained in the terrace houses. Contemporary development to the rear of the terraces, though being guided by the strict controls of the Woollahra Development Control Plan 2015 has not been effective and the additions using modern materials has led to a change in the character of the laneways of Paddington. The amalgamation of terraces retaining just the front facades intact of the terrace houses has led to ‘facadism’ - retention of only the external facades. As a result of ‘facadism’, the streetscapes and the primary presentation of the terraces along the street have been retained, however, there have been drastic changes undertaken within the interiors and to the rear of the terraces.

The alterations and additions have led to the loss of the social significance of the Paddington urban conservation area as the modern interiors do not reflect the history of the workers’ residences which was essentially why the Victorian terraces were developed in the precinct.

Howe, Renate, David Nichols, and Graeme Davison. 2014. Trendyville- A Battle for Australia’s Inner Cities. Melbourne: Monash University Publishing.

2 Young, Greg. February 2019. Paddington- A History. Sydney: The Paddington 1

Society.

Image 1 84 Paddington Street, Paddington. (2021). Domain. https://www. domain.com.au/property-profile/84-paddington-street-paddington-nsw-2021 Image 2 Ibid.

Image 3 Forest, F. (2021). A Paddington Terrace. Est Living. https://www. estliving.com/a-paddington-terrace/ Image 4 Ibid.

Image 5 Ruscoe, P. (2021). Hargrave House. Est Living. https://www.estliving. com/hargrave-house-cm-studio/ Image 6 Pereira, R. (2021). Lena Residence. Est Living. https://www.estliving. com/lena-residence-smart-design-studio/ Image 7 Ibid.

Image 8 Gardiner, R. (2021). Concert Hall House. Est Living. https://www. estliving.com/concert-hall-house-pandolfini-architects/ Image 9 Ibid.

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Indigenous Water Rights and Engagement For the Murray Darling Basin Sagar Chauhan Supervisor: Nancy Marshall Indigenous people have been granted land and water rights through the development of various legal acts in Australia since the late twentieth century. Under the purview of the present legislation, there is a continued effort by Indigenous people to have a better representation of Indigenous rights and better representation of Indigenous concerns within the decision-making processes sanctioned by the law.

Master of Urbanism

This report seeks to understand the representation of Indigenous water rights in the Murray Darling Basin. Under the Water Act 2007, the Murray Darling Basin Plan is the largest water sharing plan of its kind in the world that aims to recognise Indigenous water rights. Ergo, the analysis of the Basin Plan will present the state of representation of Indigenous water rights in Australia.

Firstly, the analysis of the Basin Plan will be directed by understanding the various means of engaging the Indigenous people within the Plan. Secondly, this report will analyse how Indigenous people were involved during the development of the Draft Basin Plan and how they have been involved in the Plan since it has been in application.

Finally, an analysis of how Indigenous cultural knowledge is integrated within the Basin Plan will reveal the state of representation of Indigenous voices and rights.

UNSW Media, “Twenty percent less water in Murray-Darling rivers than expected under Basin plan: report,” UNSW Newsroom, September 02, 2020, https://newsroom.unsw.edu.au/news/science-tech/ twenty-cent-less-water-murray-darling-rivers-expected-under-basin-plan-report

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A yarn on the river

Getting Aboriginal voices into the Basin Plan

Odyssey

Murray Darling Basin Authority, A Yarn on the River: Getting Aboriginal Voices into the Basin Plan, https://www.mdba.gov.au/sites/default/files/pubs/MDBAa-yarn-on-the-river-20120110-web.pdf

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Electric Bicycles in NSW Benefits, Hazards and Pathways to Positive Incorporation Diarmuid O’Reilly Supervisor: Neil Sipe

Master of Urban and Regional Planning

Transport policy has traditionally addressed established and clearly defined modes such as cars, motorcycles, public transport, bicycles and pedestrians. As new forms of transport emerge, existing policy must adapt or be created to incorporate these within the transport line-up.

Electric bicycles are one such emerging mode, which have expanded rapidly in a short space of time and have naturally come into conflict with other road users without the necessary infrastructure to support their presence.

The market for electric bicycles in Australia has expanded 844% in the last 4 years, an upward trend that is mirrored internationally. Yet where many countries benefit from established cycling traditions and the infrastructure that accompanies this, the full range of benefits offered by electric bicycles is hobbled in Australia by a lack of infrastructure and a long running hostility among state governments and some sections of the public to what is seen in many developed nations as a practical, healthy, environmentally responsible and enjoyable form of transport. Recent media attention has latched on to tragic deaths among electric bicycle riders and injuries to pedestrians, often in association with other unrelated and prohibited micromobility devices.

This report examines the incorporation of electric bicycles into the transport system in NSW with the objective of establishing their impacts, the barriers to their adoption and the range of government regulations, controls and support that can facilitate and encourage their use. The report reviews the electric bicycle market in NSW and investigates a number of relevant case studies internationally to determine appropriate controls. The transport, environmental and health impacts of electric bicycle use in NSW are discussed alongside identified barriers, and on the basis of these findings recommendations are made.

The report shows that electric bicycles occupy an important niche in the transport system in NSW and offer a number of benefits to both users and the system at large, while any negative impacts are minor in magnitude and can often be overcome with simple mitigation measures.

However, current controls do not reflect the demand for electric bicycles in NSW, nor do they align with best practice internationally and a review of the domestic market reveals that certain aspects of the existing regulations are entirely obsolete. It is therefore recommended to update electric bicycle regulations to better serve the needs of the public, align more consistently with existing transport policies and ensure the range of positive impacts that this new mode offers can be realised while ensuring safety for riders and other road users is improved. To compliment this, the report explores promotional initiatives and financial incentives to assist prospective riders in overcoming the initial cost of purchase and educate the public regarding government support for this environmentally responsible mode of transport.

Finally, the report demonstrates that the incorporation of electric bicycles into the transport line-up in NSW cannot

be viewed in isolation, but must be seen as part of a wider question of cycle and active transport infrastructure to address the gender and age imbalances among existing riders and ensure all users can enjoy the benefits offered by electric bicycles.

It is suggested that further research on this topic focus on the question of equity regarding the promotion of electric bicycles in regional and disadvantaged areas, those areas identified as having potentially the most to gain from electric bicycle adoption, yet which are underrepresented among current users.

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STUDENT EXCELLENCE AND SPONSORS

89

School of Architecture, Design and Planning

90

NSW Planning Institute of Australia Tertiary Student Project Award Reinventing the PPS Place Diagram, Eshita Dutia

91

Awards, Prizes and Scholarships

Norman Townsend Prize in Urban and Regional Development Jill Elizabeth Davies Lyle H Moore Memorial Prize in Housing Studies Jill Elizabeth Davies

John Stephen Mansfield Prize in Urban Design and Planning Hao En Chang City of Willoughby Prize in Planning Procedures Chinmayi Holla John Odongo Prize in Economic and Community Development Rishikesh Amarnath Gujarathi Martin Payne Prize Katrina Danielle Stone Vernon Memorial Prize in Urban and Regional Planning Derek Cheng Cai Chik Marjory and Lloyd Rees Prize for Urban Design Daniel Pantelas

Master of Urban Design Hatim Nasser Alkhelaiwi Charlotte Evelyn Baillie Hugh James Beale Yating Cheng Xintong Miao Yue Shi Yanting Zhan Mingrao Zhang Shu Zhu Master of Urbanism Sagar Chauhan Yanjie Chen Surbhi Chhabra Nivin Cleatus Pathrose Karen Dmello Eshita Pradip Dutia Chen Gao Rishikesh Amarnath Gujarathi Aprajita Gupta Chinmayi Holla Veena Gopalankutty Karnavar Aakash Khurana Akshaisankar Sabu Jack Brodie Storch Himanshi Taneja Yu Zou

Master of Urban and Regional Planning Derek Cheng Cai Chik Niki Kyo Hano Hornsby Michelle Bao Chau Nguyen Diarmuid Raymond O’Reilly Ellie Peedom Ashikur Rahman Leonard Vogel

NSW Planning Institute of Australia Tertiary Student Project – Award Eshita Dutia (Supervisor: Nancy Marshall) Tertiary Student Project – Commendation Eshita Dutia Liam Rogers Rishikesh Gujarathi Olive Diaz Gomez Aashreetha Koonu (Coordinator: Tooran Alizadeh, Supervisor: Jamie Van Geldermalsen)

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Mary-Lynne Taylor Prize in Planning Law Jessica Alison Gray

Dean’s List of Exellence in Academic Performance

School of Architecture, Design and Planning

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Sponsors

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The Sydney School of Architecture, Design and Planning would like to thank the following sponsors for their generosity in making the 2021 Graduate Exhibition possible.

Platinum

Gold

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Silver

Bronze

Sydney School of Architecture, Design and Planning ISBN: 978-0-6484458-3-8