DARWIN AND KIRBY
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ANTLIONS: A LINK BETWEEN CHARLES DARWIN AND AN EARLY SUFFOLK NATURALIST PATRICK ARMSTRONG E. J. M. Kirby’s interesting and detailed paper “Antlions in the Suffolk Sandlings” in Transactions 37 (2001), contains a number of remarkable instances of serendipity. The author mentions the distribution of this group as including Australia (where it is very common, especially in sandy localities similar to those described in Kirby’s article): the writings of Charles Darwin on this type of organism, which he encountered in New South Wales on 19 January 1836 are amongst the most enigmatic of the Victorian naturalist’s annotations on the southern continent, and it has been suggested, represent a significant change in the direction of his thinking. Moreover, Darwin’s note on Australian antlions was strongly influenced by the writings of another entomologist by the name of Kirby – the Rev. William Kirby, FRS, (1759– 1850) founder member of the Linnean Society, distinguished Suffolk entomologist, Vicar of Barham, East Suffolk for over sixty years. And coincidentally William Kirby was also a person who knew the natural history of the Sandlings well; a manuscript detailing a botanizing excursion he made to East Suffolk in 1787 was published in these Transactions in 1959 (GathorneHardy, 1959). [For further details of the occurrence of antlions in the Suffolk Sandlings, see also Plant (1998).] The note in Charles Darwin’s Diary (for 19 January 1836) reads as follows: ...I had been lying on a sunny bank & was reflecting on the strange character of the animals of this country compared to the rest of the World. An unbeliever in everything beyond his own reason might exclaim, “Surely two distinct Creators must have been at work; their object is the same & certainly the end in each case is complete”. Whilst thus thinking, I observed the conical pitfall of a Lion-Ant:- a fly fell in & immediately disappeared; then came a large but unwary Ant. His struggles to escape being very violent, the little jets of sand described by Kirby (Vol. 1. p. 425) were promptly directed against him.- His fate however, was better than that of the fly’s. Without doubt the predaecious Larva belongs to the same genus but to a different species from the [European] kind.- Now what would the Disbeliever say to this? Would any two workmen ever hit on so beautiful, so simple, & yet so artificial a contrivance? It cannot be thought so. The one hand has surely worked throughout the universe. A Geologist perhaps would suggest that the periods of Creation have been distinct & remote the one from the other; that the Creator rested from his labor. (Barlow, 1933) It could be argued that the use of the words Creator and Creation (and their capitalisation), the notion of more than one distinct episodes of creation, and the sentence: “The one hand has surely worked throughout the universe”,
Trans. Suffolk Nat. Soc. 38 (2002)