4/2/2018
S.C.CLASSES &COMPUTER EDUCATION (STUDY CENTER)
INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER
Computer basic
COMPUTER An Electronic Device That Stores Retrieve And Process Data And Can Be Program With Instruction .A Computer Is Combination Of Hardware And Software And Can Exist In A Variety Of Sizes And The Configuration Hardware And Software The Term Hardware Refer To The Physical Component Of Your Computer Such As C.P.U , Mouse , Keyboard, Monitor The Software Is The Instruction That Make The Computer Work Software Is Held Either On Your Computer Hard Disk ,Cd Rom DVD And On A Floppy Disk And Is Loaded From The Computer Ram As When Required
TYPES OF COMPUTER
Mini Computer Mainframe Computer 1. Very Powerful Used By Very Large Organization Such As Bank Corporation Companies To Control The Entire Business Operation And It Is Very Expensive. 2. Personal Computer=Cheap And Easy To Used It Is Used For Small Network May Be Connected To Large Mainframe Computer With Big Companies. 3. HARDWARE COMPONENT (INPUT DEVICE)
4. A Keyboard And Mouse Are The Standard Way To Interact With Computer Other Devices Include With Computer Other Devices Include Joystick And Game Panel Used primarily For Games OUTPUT DEVICE “How it show you what it is doing’’ The monitor is how the computer send information back to you A printer is also an output device.
Memory unit
CU
CPU ALU
ALU
ARITHMETIC PROCESSING UNIT
CPU
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
CU
CONTROL UNIT
Shortcut key CTRL+I=ITALIC
OUTPUT
CTRL+O=OPEN THE FILE CTRL+N=OPEN NEW FILE CTRL+H=REPLACE CTRL+K=HYPERLINK CTRL+B=BOLD CTRL+F=FIND F5=REFRESH WINDOW F1=HELP F2=REMAIN FILE ALT+ENTER=DOCUMENT PROPERTY CTRL+SHIFT+ESC=TASK BAR CTRL+ALT+DELETE=TASK MANAGER CTRL+ALT+F=FILE MENU OPTION SHIFT+DELETE=CUT SELECTED ITEM CTRL+P=PRINT ALT+TAB=SWITCH WINDOW
ALT+ENTER=PROPERTY CTRL+N=NEW FILE
COMPUTER GENERATION
First generation=1945-1956 ENIAC=(Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator) EDVAC=Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic computer (1950) EDSAC = Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer (1949)
UIVAC=Universal Automatic Computer DISADVANTAGE They Were To Primitive They Emitted Large Amount of Heat Because They Used Lot of Vacuum Tube Air Condition Was Required They Were Unreliable They Were Not Portable
SECOND GENERATION
(1956-1963) In The Second Generation Transistor Were Used In Place Of Vacuum Tube Transistor Are More Compact Than Vacuum Tube They made up of semi-conductor they are also more durable than vacuum tube The Three Computer Who in Second Generation Ibm-1620-Scintific Purpose Ibm-1401-Business Application Cdc-3600 – Scientific Purpose
ADVANTAGE They were smaller than first generation computer They generate less heat They took less computer time They were less prone to failure DISADVANTAGE
They required A.C They required frequently Maintained They were difficult and quit expensive THIRD GENERATION (1964-1971) ICS=chips or integrated circuit
It is more compact than circuit Single (ICS) Has many transistor These (ICS) are compact than a transistor Resistor and capacitor placed on a single thin of silicon IBM 360-IBM (1964) PDP-8-DEC-1965 PDP-11-DEC-1970 CRA-1-1974 VAX-1978 ADVANTAGE They were smaller in size They generate less heat They reduced competition at time They involve low maintenance cost
They were easily portable They were comparably cheaper
FOURTH GENERATION VLSI after the introduction of integrated circuit. Computer could only get small in size Since hundreds of computer could fit on to one chip VLSI squeezed thousands of computer in one time
ALU = ARTHMETIC LOGIC UNIT AMB=ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES ASCCI=MERICAN STANDARD CODE FOR INFORMATION AT=ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY
BIOS=BASIC INPUT OUTPUT SYSTEM CD = COMPACT DISK CDR=COMPACT DISK RECODER CDRW=COMPACT DISK REWRITE CD-ROM=COMPACT DISK READ ONLY MEMEORY CPU=CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT DDR=DOUBLE DATA RATE D-RAM=DYANAMIC RANDOM ACESS MEMORY DVD=DIGITAL VERSATILE DISK DVD-RAM=DIGITAL VERSATILE DISK RANDOM ACESS MEMORY ECC=ERROR CORRECTION CODE EEPROM=ELECTRICALLY ERASABLE PROGRAMABLE READ ONLY MEMORY EPROM=ERASABLE PROGRMABLE READ ONLY MEMORY FDD=FLOOPY DISK DRIVE GB= GIGA BYTE GBPS= GIGA BYTE PER SECOND
GHZ=GIGA HERTZ HDD=HARD DISK DRIVE IBM=INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINE CORPORATION IC=INTEGRATED CIRCUIT ISO=INTERNATION STANDARD ORGANISATION KBPS=KILO BYTES PER SECOND LAN=LOCAL AREA NETWORK LCD=LIQUID CRSYTAL DISPLAY LED=LIGHT EMITTING DIODE MAC=MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL MB=MEGA BYTE MBPS=MEGA BYTES PER SECOND MAZ=MEGA HERTZ NIC=NETWORK INTERFACE CARD PC=PERSONAL COMPUTER RAM=RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY RD-RAM =RAMBUS DIANAMIC RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY ROM=READ ONLY MEMORY
TB=TERA BYTES TBPS=TERA BYTES PER SECOND USD=UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS VCD=VEDIO CD WAN=WIDE AREA NETWORK