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INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER C ….. O…... M…… P…… U …… T …… E …… R …….
Characteristics
COMPUTER IS A VERY FAST MACHINE. A POWERFUL COMPUTER IS CAPABLE OF PERFORMING ABOUT THOUSANDS OF SIMPLE INSTRUCTIONS PER SECOND.
IN ADDITION TO BEING FAST COMPUTER AND ALSO ACCURATE . A COMPUTER CANNOT OCCUR ANY ERROR WHILE PERFORMING ANY TASK.
COMPUTER ARE HIGHLY CONSISTENCE . THEY DO NOT SUFFER FROM HUMAN TRAITS OF BOREDOM AND TIREDNESS, RESULTING IN LACK OF CONCENTRATION. COMPUTERS ARE BETTER THAN HUMAN BEINGS IN PERFORMING ANY JOB.
COMPUTERS ARE VERSATILE MACHINES AND ARE CAPABLE OF PERFORMING ANY TASK AS LONG AS IT CAN BE BROKEN DOWN INTO A SERIES OF LOGICAL STEPS.
: TODAY COMPUTER CAN STORE LARGE VOLUME OF DATA. A PIECE OF INFORMATION ONCE RECORDED IN A
computer CAN NEVER BE FORGOTTEN AND CAN BE RETRIEVE ANY TIME.
Type of computer Minicomputer and main frame computer=vary powerful used by very large organization such as bank corporate companies to control the entire business operation and it is very expensive
Personal computer cheap and vear easy to used it is used for small network may be connected to large mainframe computer with big companies Hardware component input devices how to tell it what to do
Shortcut keys CTRL +c=copy CTRL+ v=paste Ctrl+ a=select Ctrl+ s=save Ctrl+ x= cut Ctrl+ z= undo Ctrl+ y= redo Ctrl+ u= underline Ctrl+ i= italic Ctrl+ o=
open file
Ctrl+ n= new file Ctrl+ h= replace Ctrl+ k=hyperlink Ctrl+ b= bold Ctrl+ f=find
F5=refresh window F1=help F2=rename file AILT+ENTER= document property CTRL+SHIFT +ESC= task bar CTRL+ALT+F= file menu option
Computer organization Output unit= the output unit is used for storing the result as output produced by computer after processing. Processing= the task of performing operation like ALU arithmetic and logical unit is called processing. The CPU task data and instruction from the storage unit and makes all shorts of calculation based on the instruction given and the type of data provided. Arithmetic logic unit= all calculation and compassion based on the instruction provided are carried out with the ALU. Control unit=controlling of all operation like input processing and output.
Advantage of computer
RELIABILTIY COSISTENCY VERTSTILATY COMUNICATION STORE LARGE AMOUNT OF DATA
DISADVANTAGES THEY WERE TO PRIMITIVE THEY AMITTED THEY USEDECLOT OF VACCUM TUBE HEAT BEACOUSE THEY USED VACCUM TUBE 1 AIR CONDITION WAS REQUIRE 2 THEY WERE UNRIVILABLE 3THEY WERE NOT PORTABLE 4 THEY WERE NOT UNDERLINE
SECOND GENERATION
(1956-1963) IN THE SECOND GENERATION TRANISITAR BWERE USED IN PLACE OF VACUM TUBVE 1 TRANSISTER ARE MORE COMPACT THAN VACCUM TUBE 2 THEY MADE UP OF SEMI CONDUCTOR THEY ARE ALSO MORE DURABLE THAN VACCUM TUBE 3 THE THREE COMPUTER WHO IN SECOND GENERATION IBM-1620-SCINTIC PURPOSE IBM-1401-BUSINESS APPLICATION CDC-3600-SCIENTIFIC PURPOSE
ADVANTAGE
THEY WERE SMALLER THAN FIRST GENERATION COMPUTER THEY GENERATE LESS HEAT THEY WERE LESS COMPUTER TIME THEY WERE LESS PRONE TO FAILURE
DISADVANTAGES THAEY REQUIRE AC THEY REQUIORE FRIQUENTLY MAINTANCE THEY WERE DIFFICULT AND QUIT EXPENSIVE
THIRD GENERATION (1964-1971) ICS= CHIOPS OR INTERGRATED CIRCUIT IT IS MORE COMPACT THAN CIRCUIT SINGLE ICS HAS M,ANY TRANSISTOR THESEARE COMPACT THAN A TRANSISTOR RESISTOR AND CAPCITOR PLACED ON ASINGLE THIMN OF SLICAN IBM 360 IBM (1964)
PDP-8-DEC-1965 PDP-11-DEC-1970 CRA-1-1974 VAX-1978
ADVANTAGE THEY WERE SMALLER IN SIZE THEY GENERATED LESS HEAT THEY REDUCE COMPATAION AT TIME THEY ENVOLVE LOW MAINTANCE COST THEY EASY PORTABLE THEY WERE COMPARTABLY CHEAPER
FULL FORM ALU=ARTHIMATIC LOGIC UNIT
AMD= ADVANCED MICRO DEVICE ASCII= AMERICAN STANDARD CODE FOR INFORMATION INTERCHANGE AT= ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY BIOS= BASIC INPUT OUTPUT SYSTEM CD= COMPACT DISK CDR= RECODER CDRW= COMPACT DISK RE-WRITER CD-ROW= COMPACT DISK-READ ONLY MEMORY CPU= CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT DDR= DYNAMIC DATA RATE D-RAM = DYNAMIC RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY DVD= DIGITAL VERSITLE DISK DVR RAM =DIGITAL VERSITLE DISK –RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY ALUARTHMETIC LOGIC UNIT AMBADVANCED MICRO DEVICES
ASCIIAMERICAN STANDARD CODE FOR INFORMATION
ATADVANCED TECHNOLOGY BIOSBASIC INPUT OUTPUT SYSTEM CDCOMPACT DISK CDRCOMPACT DISK RECODER CDRWCOMPACT DISK REWRITER CD-ROMCOMPACT DISK READ ONLY MEMORY CPUCENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT DDRDOUBLE DATA RATE D-RAMDYNAMIC RENDEM ACCESS MEMORY DVDDIGITAL VERSATILE DISK DVD-RAMDIGITAL VERSATILE DISK RENDEM ACESS MEMORY ECCERROR CORECTION CODE EEPROMELECTRICALLY ERASABLE PROGRAMABAL READ ONLY MEMORY EPROMERASABLE PROGRAMABAL READ ONLY MEMORY FDDFLOPPY DISK DRIVE GBGIGA BYTES GBPSGIGA BYTES PER SECOND GHZGIGA HERTZ HDDHARD DISK DRIVE IBMINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINE CORPORATION ICINTEGRATED CIRCUIT ISOINTERNATION STANDARD ORGANISATION KBPSKILO BYTES PER SECOND LANLOCAL AREA NETWORK LCDLIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
LEDLIGHT EMITTING DIODE MACMEDIA EXCESS CONTROL
MBMEGA BYTES MBPSMEGA BYTES PER SECOND MAZMEGA HERTZ
NICNETWORK INTERFACE CARD PCPERSONAL COMPUTER RAMRENDOM ACCESS MEMORY RD-RAMRAMBUS DIANAMIC RENDEM ACESS MEMORY ROMREAD ONLY MEMORY TBTERA BYTES TBPSTEGA BYTES PER SECOND USBUNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS VCDVEDIO CD WANWIDE AREA Network