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INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER 2018

COMPUTER INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER Priya

Doiwala 95432168941 4561 5/21/2018

INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER

1.INTRODUCTION OF Figure 1

COMPUTER Computer is an electronic retrieves and process data and can be programmed with instructions and process data. A computer is a machine which can store, combination of hardware and software and can exist in a variety of sizes and configuration.  HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE  The term hardware refers to the physical components of your computer such as the system unit, CPU, mouse, keyboard, monitor, etc.  The software is the instructions that make the computer works software is held either on your computer, hard discs, CD, ROM, and DVD or in floppy discs.  TYPES OF COMPUTER  Mini computer 1

INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER  Main computer Are very powerful used by large organizations such as banks to control the entire business.

 PERSONAL COMPUTER Cheap and easy to use often use as stand along computer and in a network or may be connected to the large main frame computer within companies.

 HARDWARE COMPONENT  Keyboard  Mouse  Joystick  Game pad  OUTPUT DEVICES  Monitor  Printer  CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER

INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER  Speed: Computer is very fast machine a powerful computer is capable of performing thousands of simple instructions per second.  Accuracy: In addition to being fast computer cannot occur any error while performing any task.  Diligence: Computer are highly consistence they do not suffer from traits of boredom and tiredness resulting in lack of concentration computers are better than human beings in performing any task.  VERSALITY: Computer are versatile machine and are capable of performing any task as long as it can be broken down into a series of logical steps.  STORAGE CAPACITY: Computer can store large amount of data at a time a piece of information once recorded in a computer can never be forgotten an can be retrieve any time. STORAGE UNIT 1

CU INPUT ALU 1

OUTPUT

INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER

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 CU: Control unit  ALU: Arithmetic Logic unit.  SHORTCUT KEY F1- Help F2- Rename file F5- Refresh the current window or program. Ctrl + N- New file Ctrl +O- Open the file Ctrl +B- Bold Ctrl+ I- Italic Ctrl +U- Underline Ctrl+ F- Find Ctrl + S- File save Ctrl+ X- Cut Ctrl+ Delete- Cut selected item Ctrl+C- Copy Ctrl +V- Paste Ctrl + Y- Redo Ctrl +Z-Undo Ctrl +K- Hyper link Ctrl +P-Print the document Ctrl + Esc-Open the start menu Ctrl + Shift+ Esc- Window task manager

INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER  Ctrl + F4 –Close the program [Shutdown]  Ctrl + A – All Selected  Ctrl +H- Replace  MEMORY UNIT Computer memory can be classified into two types:  Primary  Secondary PRIMARY MEMORY can be further classified as ROM and RAM.  RAM – Random Access Memory.  ROM – Read Only Memory.  RAM: Random Access Memory is the place in a computer where the operating system, application programs and the data in current use are kept temporarily show that they can be access by the computers processors it is said to be volatile memory since program are accessible only as long as the computer is on. The contents of RAM no more available once the computer is runoff.

OM : ROM is a special type of memory which can be read and write. Further the content or program are not lost even when the computer is switched off ROM

INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER also stores an initial program called the ‘boots trap loader’ whose function is to start the operation of computer system once the power is turn off. They made up of semiconductor they are also more durable than vacuum tube.                   

Ctrl + N- New file Ctrl +O- Open the file Ctrl +B- Bold Ctrl+ I- Italic Ctrl +U- Underline Ctrl+ F- Find Ctrl + S- File save Ctrl+ X- Cut Ctrl+ Delete- Cut selected item Ctrl+C- Copy Ctrl +V- Paste Ctrl + Y- Redo Ctrl +Z-Undo Ctrl +K- Hyper link Ctrl +P-Print the document Ctrl + Esc-Open the start menu Ctrl + Shift+ Esc- Window task manager Ctrl + F4 –Close the program [Shutdown] Ctrl + A – All Selected

INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER  Ctrl +H- Replace  MEMORY UNIT Computer memory can be classified into two types:  Primary  Secondary PRIMARY MEMORY can be further classified as ROM and RAM.  RAM – Random Access Memory.  ROM – Read Only Memory.

AM: Random Access Memory is the place in a computer where the operating system, application programs and the data in current use are kept temporarily show that they can be access by the computers processors it is said to be volatile memory since program are accessible only as long as the computer is on. The contents of RAM no more available once the computer is runoff.

OM : ROM is a special type of memory which can be read and write. Further the content or program are not lost even when the computer is switched off ROM

INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER also stores an initial program called the ‘boots trap loader’ whose function is to start the operation of computer system once the power is turn off  SECOND GENERATION They made up of semiconductor they are also more durable than vacuum tube. IBM: 1620

Scientific Purpose

IBM: 1401

Business application

CDC: 3600

Scientific Purpose

 They were smaller than first generation computer.  They generate less heat.  They took less computers time.  They were less prone to future.  DISADVANTAGE  They required AC.  They required frequently maintenance.  They were difficult and quite expensive.  THIRD GENERATION IC’s- Integration Circuit [Chips]  It’s more compact than transistor.

INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER  Single IC has many transistors, Resistors, Capacitors, Placed on a single thin of silicon.  IBM- 360(1964)  PDP-8 DEC. Company (1965)  CRA- 1 (1974)  VAX- (1978)  ADVANTAGE  They were smaller in size.  They generated less heat.  They reduced computable time.  They involve low maintenance cost.  They were easily portable.  They were comparatively cheaper.  FOURTH GENERATION  VLSI: Very Large Scale Integration Technology. After the introduction of integrated circuit computer could only get small in size since hundreds of computer could fit on one chip. The use of VLSI technology had squeezed thousands of computers in one time.  GENERATION OF COMPUTERS Generation in computer termology is a change in computer technology a computer was being use. Nowadays generations include both hardware and 9

INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER software which together make up an entire computer system there are totally five computer generations.  FIRST GENERATION  1942-1954  1945 -1956  Vacuum tube based  SECOND GENERATION  Transistor based  THIRD GENERATION  IC’s  FOURTH GENERATION  1971-1990  VLSI TECHNOLOGY  [Microprocessor based]  FIFTH GENERATION  VLSI - [Microprocessor based]  VLSI - Very Large Scale Integration  ULSI – Ultra Large Scale Integration 

FIRST GENERATION

The period of first generation was 1942- 1954. First generation of computer started with using vacuum tube for processing the CPU.

INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER These tubes like electric bulb produced a lot of heat therefore were very expensive and could be affordable only by large organization.

 ADVANTAGES             

Vacuum technology is used unreliable. Supported machine language only. Very costly. Generate lots of heat. Need of A.C. Huge size. None portable. Consume lots of electricity. ENIACEDVACUNIVACIBM-701 IBM-650

 FULL FORMS  ALU- Arithmetic Logic Unit  AMD- Advance Micro Devices  ASCii- American Standard Code for Information Interchange  AT – Advanced Technology  BIOS –Basic Input Output System 11

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CD- Compact Disk CDR- Compact Disc Recorder CDRW- Compact Disc Re-writer CD-ROM- Compact Disc Read Only Memory CPU- Central Processing Unit DDR- Double Data Rate DRAM – Diatomic Random Access Memory DPI-Dots Per Inch DVD- Digital versatile disc DVD-RAM - Digital versatile disc Random Access Memory ECC- Error Correction code. EEPROM- Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory EPROM- Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory FDD- Floppy Disc Drive GB- Gega Byte GBPs- Gegas Byte Per Second Ghz- Gega Hertz HDD- Hard Disc Drive IBM-International Business Machines corporation IC-Integrated Circuit ISO- International Standard Organization

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KBPs-Kilo Byte per Second. LAN-Local Area Network LCD- Liquid Crystal Display LDT- Lightning Data Transport LED- Light Emitting Diode MAC-Media Assess Control MB- Mega Byte MBPs- Mega Byte Per Second PC- Personal Computer RAM –Random access Memory RD-RAM- Rambus Diatomic Random Access Memory ROM-Read Only Memory TB-Tetra Byte TBPs- Tetra Byte Per Second USB-Universal Serial Bus UTP- Unshielded Tainted Pair VCD-Video CD VPN- Virtual Private Network WAN- Wide Area Network WTB- Want to Buy.