COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY S.C. CLASSES AND COMPUTER EDUCATION. ADDRESS:A&S PLAZA,NEAR TEHSIL DOIWALA,DEHRADUN ROAD,UTTRAKHAND. 248140 CONTACT: 01352695001, 9808827221, 8650928181
RISHIKA
FULL FORMS ; ALU – ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT. AMB- ADVANCE MICRO DEVICES. ASCII – AMERICAN STANDARD CODE FOR INFORMATION INTERCHANGE. AT – ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY. BIOS – BASIC INPUT OUTPUT SYSTEM. CD – COMPACT DISK. CDR – COMPACT DISK RECORDER. CDRW – COMPACT DISK RE-WRITER. CD-ROM – COMPACT DISK READ ONLY. CPU – CENTRAL PROCCESSING UNIT. DOR – DOUBLE DATA RATE. DRAM – DIONAMIC RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY. DPI – DOTS PER INCH. DVD–RAM – DIGITAL VERSATILE DISC RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY. ECC- ERROR CORECTION CODE. EE PROM – ELECTRICITY ERASABLE PROGRAMMABLE READ ONLY MEMORY. FDD - FLOPPY DISC DRIVE. GB – GEGA BITE. GBPs – GEGA BYTE PER SECOND. GHz – GEGA HEARTZ.
HDD – HARD DISC DRIVE. IBM – INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINE COOPEARTION. IC – INTEGRATED CIRCUIT. ISO – INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ORGANIZATION. KBPs – KILO BYTE PER SECOND. LAN – LOCAL AREA NETWORK. LCD – LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY. LDT – LIGHTNING DATA TRANSPORT. LED – LIGHT EMITTING DIODE. MAC – MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL. MB – MEGA BYTE. MBPs – MEGA BYTE PER SECOND. MHz – MEGA HEARTZ. PC – PERSONAL COMPUTER. RAM – RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY. RD-RAM – RAMBUS DIANOMIC RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY. TB – TERA BYTE. TBPs – TERA BYTE PER SECOND. USB – UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS. UTP – UNSHIELDED TARISTED PAIR. VCD – VIDEO CD. VPN – VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK.
WAN – WIDE AREA NETWORK. WTB – WANT TO BUY.
COMPUTER
1. What is computer ?
Computer is an electronic machine Which can store, retrieves and process data and can be programmed with instructions and process data. A computer is a combination of hardware and Software and can exist in a variety of sizes and configuration.
2.Hardware And Software: The term hardware refers to the physical components of your computer such as the system unit, CPU, Mouse, Keyboard, Monitor etc. The term software refers to the instructions that makes the computer works software is held either on your computer,hard dics,CD,ROM,DVD,or in floppy disc.
3.TYPES OF COMPUTER; MINI COMPUTER. MAIN COMPUTER. Are very powerful used by large organizations such as banks to control the either business.
4.PERSONAL COMPUTER. Cheap and easy to use often use as stand
along computer and in a network or may be connected to the large main frame computer within companies.
5.HARDWARE COMPONENT.
KEYBOARD MOUSE JOYSTICS GAME PAD
6.OUTPUT DEVICES MONITOR PRINTER
7.CHARACTERSTICS OF COMPUTER:
:-COMPUTER ARE VERY FAST MACHINE A POWERFUL COMPUTER IS CAPABLE OF PERFORMING THOUSANDS OF SIMPLE INSTRUCTIONS PER SECOND.
:-IN ADDITION TO BEING FAST COMPUTER CANNOT OCCUR ANY ERROR WHILE PERFORMING ANY TASK.
:-COMPUTER ARE HIGHLY CONISTANCE THE DO NOT SUFFER FROM TRAITS OF BORED AND TIREDNESS RESULTING IN LACK OF CONCENTRATION COMPUTERS ARE BETTER THAN HUMAN BEINGS IN PERFORMING ANY TASK.
:-COMPUTER IS A VERSATILE MACHINE ANDARE CAPABLE OF PERFORMING ANY TASK AS LONG AS IT CAN BE BROKEN DOWN INTO A SERIES OF LOGICAL STEPS.
:-COMPUTER CAN STORE LARGE AMOUNT OF DATA AT A TIME A PIECE OF INFORMATION ONCE RECORDED IN A COMPUTER CAN NEVER BE FORGOTTEN AND CAN BE RETRIEVE ANY TIME .
SHORTCUT KEYS
F1-HELP F2-RENAME FILE F5-REFRESH THE CURRENT WINDOW. Ctrl+N- OPEN NEW FILE. Ctrl+O- OPEN THE FILE. Ctrl+B- BOLD. Ctrl+I- ITALIC. Ctrl+U- UNDERLINE. Ctrl+F- FIND. Ctrl+S- FILE SAVE. Ctrl+X- CUT. Ctrl+DELETE- CUT SELECTED ITEM. Ctrl+C- COPY. Ctrl+V- PASTE. Ctrl+Y- REDO. Ctrl+Z- UNDO. Ctrl+K- HYPER LINK. Ctrl+P- PRINT THE DOCUMENT. Ctrl+ESE- OPEN THE START MENU. Ctrl+SHIFT+ESE- WINDOW TASK MANAGER.
Ctrl+F4- CLOSE THE PROGRAM. Ctrl+A- ALL SELECTED. Ctrl+H- REPLACE. MEMORY
UNIT.
COMPUTER MEMORY CAN BE CLASSIFY INTO TWO TYPES:
1. PRIMARY MEMORY CAN BE FURTHER CLASSIFIED AS RAM AND ROM.
RAM:RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY.
ROM:READ ONLY MEMORY.
R
AM: RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY IS THE PLACE IN A COMPUTER WHERE THE OPERATING SYSTEM,APPLICATION PROGRAMMESS AND THE DATA IN CURRENT USE ARE KEPT TEMPORARILY SHOW THAT THEY CAN BE ACCESS BY THE COMPUTER PROCESSORS IT IS SAID TO BE VOLATILE MEMORY SINCE PROGRAMME ARE ACCESSIBLE ONLY AS LONG AS THE
COMPUTER IS ON THE CONTENTS OF RAM NO MORE AVAILABLE ONCE THE COMPUTER IS RUN OFF.
R
OM:READ ONLY MEMORY IS A SPECIAL TYPE OF MEMORY WHICH CAN BE READ AND WRITE.FURTHER THE CONTENT OR PROGRAM ARE NOT LOST EVEN WHEN THE COMPUTER IS SWITCHED OFF ROM ALSO STORES AN INITIAL PROGRAM,CALLED THE ‘BOOTS TRAP LOADER WHOSE FUNCTION IS TO START THE OPERATION OF COMPUTER SYSTEM ONCE THE POWER IS TURN OFF.
THEY MADE UP OF SEMI CONDUCTORTHEY ARE ALSO MORE DURABLE THAN VACCUME TUBE. IBM- 1620- SCIENTIFIC PURPOSE. IBM- 1401-BUSSINESS APPLICATION. CDC- 3600- SCIENTIFIC PURPOSE. THEY WERE SMALLER THAN 1ST GENERATION COMPUTER.
THEY GENERATE LESS HEAT. THEY TOOK LESS COMPUTER TIME. THEY WERE LESS PRONE TO FAILURE.
DISADVANTAGES; THEY REQUIRED AC THEY REQUIRED FREQUENTLY MAINTAINANCE. THEY WERE DIFFICULT AND QUITE EXPENSIVE.
THIRD GENERATION: ICs – INTEGRATION CIRCUIT [chips]. ITS MORE COMPACT THAN TRANSISTOR,RESISTORS,CAPACITORS.LACED ON A SINGLE THIN OF SILICON. IBM – 360[1964]. PDP -8DEC. COMPANY [1965]. PDP -11DEC. COMPANY[1970]. CRA –[1974]. VAX –[1978].
THEY WERE SMALLER IN SIZE. THEY GENERATED LESS HEAT. THEY REDUCED COMPATABLE TIME. THEY INVOLVE LOW MAINTAINANCE COST. THEY WERE EASILY PORTABLE. THEY WERE COMPARITIVELY CHEAPER.
FOURTH GENERATION; VLSI- VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION TECHNOLOGY. AFTER THE INTRODUCTION OF INTEGRATED CIRCUIT COMPUTER COULD ONLY GET SMALL IN SIZE SINCE HUNDRED OF COMPUTER COULD FIT ON ONE CHIP. THE USE OF VLSI TECHNOLOGY HAD SQUEEZE THOUSAND OF COMPUTER IN ONE TIME.