COMPUTER BASICS INFORMATION STEP BY STEP

May 3

Introduction to computer

2018

[Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.]

Basic computer

AN ELECt0RONIC DEVICE THAT STARES RETREVRE AN PROCESS DATA AND CAN BE PROGRAM WITH INSTRUCTION. A COMPUTER IS COMBINATION OF HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE AND CAN EXIST IN A VARIETY OF SIZES AND THE CONFRIGRATION.

 THE TERM HARDWARE REFERS TO THE PHYSICAL COMPONENT OF YOUR COMPUTER SACH AS CPU, MOUSE, KEYBOARD AND MONITOR.

 THE SOFTWARE IS THE INSTRUCTION THAT MAKE THE COMPUTER WORK SOFTWARE IS HELD EITHER ON YOUR COMPUTER HARDISK,CD-ROM,DVD ON A FLOPPY DISK AND IS LOADED FROM THE COMPUTER RAM AS WHEN REQUIRED.

 MINI COMPUTER AND MAIN FRAME

COMPUTER VERY POWERFUL USED BY VERY LARGE ORGANISATION SUCH SA BANKCORPERATE COMPANIES TO CONTROL

THE ENTIRE BUSINESS OPERATION AND IT IS VERY EXPENSIVE.  PERSONAL COMPUTER:- CHEAP AND EASY TO USED IT IS USED FOR SMALL NETWORK MAY BE CONNECTED TO LARGE MAINFRAME COMPUTER WITH BIG COMPANIES.

 HARDWARE COMPONENT <INPUT DEVICE> HOW TO TALL IT WHAT TO DO  A KEYBOARD AND MOUSE ARE THE STANDARD WAR TO INTERACT WITH COMPUTER OTHER DEVICE INCLUDE JOYSTICS AND GAME PANEL, USED PRIMARLY FOR GAME.

‘HOW IT SHOWS YOU WHAT IT IS DOING’  THE MONITOR IS HOW THE COMPUTER SENDS INFORMATION BACK TO YOU.  A PRINTER IS ALSO AN OUTPUT DEVICE.

ALUARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT CPUCENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT CU CONTROL UNIT

Ctrl+C=COPY Ctrl+V=PASTE Ctrl+A=SELECT Ctrl+S=SAVE Ctrl+X=CUT Ctrl+Z=UNDO Ctrl+Y=REDO

Ctrl+U=UNDERLINE Ctrl+I=ITALIC Ctrl+O=OPEN THE FILE

Ctrl+N=OPEN NEW FILE Ctrl+H=REPLACE Ctrl+K=HYPERLINK Ctrl+B=BOLD Ctrl+F=FIND F5=REFRESH WINDOW F1=HELP F2=REMAIN FILE ALT+ENTER=DOCUMENT PROPERTY Ctrl+Shift+Esc=TASK BAR Ctrl+Alt+Delete=TASK MANAGER Ctrl+Alt+F=FILE MENU OPTION

Alt+Tab=Switch Window Shift+Delete=CUT SELECT ITEM Ctrl+P=PRINT Alt+Enter=PROPERTY Ctrl+N=NEW FILE

(1945-1956) ENIAC=ELECTRONIC NUMERICAL INTEGRATOR AND CALCULATOR EDVAC=ELECTRONIC DISCRETE VARIABLE AUTOMATIC COMPUTER (1950)

EDSAC=ELECTRONIC DELAY STORAGE AUTOMATIC COMPUTER (1949) UIVAC=UNIVERSAL AUTOMATIC COMPUTER

 THEY WERE TO PRIMITIVE  THEY EMITED LARGE AMOUNT OF HEAT BECAUSE THEY USED LOTS OF VACCUM TUBE  AIR CONDITION WAS REQUIRED  THEY WERE UNRIVIABLE

THEY WERE NOT PORTABLE

(1956-1963)  IN THE SECOND GENERATION TRANSISTOR WERE USED IN PLACE OF VACCUM TUBE  TRANSISTOR ARE MORE COMPACT THAN VACCUM TUBE  THEY MODE UP OF SEMI CONDUCTOR THEY ARE ALSO MORE DURABLE THAN VACCUM TUBES THE THREE COMPUTER WHO IN SECOND GENERATION  IBM-1620-SCINTIFIC PURPOSE  IBM-1401-BUSINESS APPLICATION  CDC-3600- SCINTIFIC PURPOSE

 THEY WERE SMALLER THAN FIRST GENERATION COMPUTER  THEY GENERATE LESS HEAT

 THEY TOOK LESS COMPUTER TIME  THEY WERE LESS PRONE TO FAILURE  THEY REQUIRED A.C  THEY REQUIRED FREQUENTLY MAINTAINCE  THEY WERE DIFFICULT AND QUITE EXPENSIVE

(1964-1971)    

CHIPS OR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT IT IS MORE COMPACT THAN CIRCUIT SINGLE(ICS)-HAS MANY TRANSISTOR THESE(ICS)ARE COMPACT THAN A TRANSISTOR

 RESISTOR AND CAPACITORS PLACED ON A     

SINGLE THIN OR SILICON IBM-360-IBM (1964) PDP-8-PEC-1965 PDP-11-DEC-1970 CRA-1-1974 VAX-1978

 THEY WERE SMALLER IN SIZE  THEY GENERATE LESS HEAT  THEY REDUCED COMPULATION AT TIME  THEY ENVOLVE LOW MAINTAINCE COST  THEY WERE EASILY PORTABLE  THEY WERE COMPARATABLY CHEAPER

 VLSI AFTER THE INTRODUCTION OF INTEGRATED CIRCUIT .

COMPUTER COULD ONLY GET SMALL IN SIZE.  SINCE HUNDRED OF COMPUTER COULD FIT ON TO ONE CHIP.  VLSI SQUEEZED THOUSANDS OF COMPUTER IN ONE TIME.

 ALUARTHMETIC LOGIC UNIT  AMBADVANCED MICRO DEVICES  ASCIIAMERICAN STANDARD CODE FOR INFORMATION

    

ATADVANCED TECHNOLOGY BIOSBASIC INPUT OUTPUT SYSTEM CDCOMPACT DISK CDRCOMPACT DISK RECODER CDRWCOMPACT DISK REWRITER

                     

CD-ROMCOMPACT DISK READ ONLY MEMORY CPUCENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT DDRDOUBLE DATA RATE D-RAMDYNAMIC RENDEM ACCESS MEMORY DVDDIGITAL VERSATILE DISK DVD-RAMDIGITAL VERSATILE DISK RENDEM ACESS MEMORY ECCERROR CORECTION CODE EEPROMELECTRICALLY ERASABLE PROGRAMABAL READ ONLY MEMORY EPROMERASABLE PROGRAMABAL READ ONLY MEMORY FDDFLOPPY DISK DRIVE GBGIGA BYTES GBPSGIGA BYTES PER SECOND GHZGIGA HERTZ HDDHARD DISK DRIVE IBMINTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINE CORPORATION ICINTEGRATED CIRCUIT ISOINTERNATION STANDARD ORGANISATION KBPSKILO BYTES PER SECOND LANLOCAL AREA NETWORK LCDLIQUID CRISTAL DISK LEDLIGHT EMITTING DIODE MACMEDIA EXCESS CONTROL

 MBMEGA BYTES  MBPSMEGA BYTES PER SECOND  MAZMEGA HERTZ

         

NICNETWORK INTERFACE CARD PCPERSONAL COMPUTER RAMRENDOM ACCESS MEMORY RD-RAMRAMBUS DIANAMIC RENDEM ACESS MEMORY ROMREAD ONLY MEMORY TBTEGA BYTES TBPSTEGA BYTES PER SECOND USBUNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS VCDVEDIO CD WANWIDE AREA NETWORk