STUDIO AIR 2018 DESIGN JOURNAL by Haoyang Yu

AIR Haoyang Yu 860060 Moyshie Elias Architecure Design Studio

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INTRODUCTION

Self-Introduction I am Haoyang Yu, a student in the bachelor of En-

vironment, majoring architecture. I grew up in the northwest province of China, Xinjiang. Although my hometown is not well developed, it is full of exotic charm. I have seen different style of architecture like mosque, Chinese temple, and yurt on the prairie, which arouse my passion for architecture. After studying in university of Melbourne, I am interested in sustainable building design. I think sustainability is not that hard to achieve, people can live a sustainable lifestyle by just making small changes or improvement. For architecture, it is an essential part of living that every people should be familiar with. There is large potential for the old style housing to be more green and sustainable in the future. I am looking forward to be part of sustainable architecture designers.

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CONCEPTUALISATION

CONTENT

6 Design Futuring 12

Design Computation 18

Composition /Generation 24

Conclusion 26

Learning Outcomes

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We are numbered in billions, have extractive and materials processing technologies of absolutely enormous capacity coupled with an economy with an insatiable appetite, we are confronting our nemesis - a defuturing condition of unsusitainability.

Tony Fry

Design Futuring

How should design be defined, from my point of view, design is when people reviewing, wlearning and self-improving based on existing facts to achieve the predetermined goals. If the future is added into design, it is the challenge that testing humanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s capacities - the perception of the current crisis, the prediction and preparedness for future development. Since 1990s, human has come to realize that the planet we are living on will be nibbled away, and that resources will be consumed up if human only

demand endlessly. To save the planet, actually human itself, has become an issue that cannot be ignored any longer. In terms of architecture, this is the basis of human beingsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; living environment, while design futuring endowed a new definition to this object and introduce a new way of existence. Sustainability, was introduced into the concept of architecture. Architects started to take nature, humanity and creations into consideration and to integrate architecture into the natural environment.

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http://www.zja.nl/page/879/en

ECODUCT â&#x20AC;&#x153;THE BORKELDâ&#x20AC;? Architect : ZJA Architects In the rapid development of human science and technology, plenty products have been created to bring convenience to human beings, such as refrigerators, televisions and vehicles. But at the same time, other species living on the blue planet are also affected. The rapid expansion of railways, highways and other transportation networks have seriously affected the ecological natural environment.

http://www.zja.nl/page/879/en

In the past, there were more than 1 million wild animals killed by car collision every day on average. Also, the barrier effect created by road resulted in animals were unable to properly forage and migrate. Since 1970s, Ecoduct, a new idea of architecture, was first introduced in Netherland which was aimed for providing safe pathway for animals to cross the highroad. On the top of Ecoduct, soil, litter, and vegetation are combined and designed to simulate the natural environment. Human pathway is separated from the Ecoduct to minimise the human impact on wild animals. The practice of animal passages has undoubtedly greatly alleviated the ecological pressure of the nature conservation, and also enhanced traffic safety in the expressway area.1 The project operated by ZJA architects shows consciousness that architecture of future should not only consider human beings but also the living environments as well as other species. At that time, this can

be challenge as the ideology of ecological protection was not mature and pervasive. This pioneer architecture design might be a failure if animals refuse to use the green pathway. But the results turned out to be positive as 80% of cars and animals collision reduced on that road.2 The success of “The Borkeld” had proved the essential of animal protection to the world and also demonstrate a new type of furniture architecture. From then on, there are plenty of wildlife crossing bridges been built all around the world. The architects have been improving the forms or appearance of the Ecoduct to fit in various environment and serve for different species. As there are still lots of issue associated with environ ment, animals, and plants, inspired by the Ecoduct architecture, the future of architecture is clear.

1, van der Ree, Rodney, Daniel J. Smith, and Clara Grilo. Handbook of road ecology. (John Wiley & Sons 2015). pp.172-176. 2, Ovaskainen, Otso. “How to develop the nature conservation strategies for The Netherlands?.” De Levende Natuur. 2 (2013), 59-62.

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http://www.antsoftheprairie.com/?page_id=203

BAT TOWER Architect : Joyce Hwang In 2010, a unique shaped yellow wooden tower were built in Griffis Sculpture Park of New York by Joyce Hwang and her collaborators. This bizarre tower stands adjacently to a small lake, attracting tourists with its unusual shape. The tower was designed for the bats, on the now hand, to attract bats to house them, on the other hand for educating visitors to protect this decimated animal. The designers want people to be aware of the harsh living condition of this animal. Bats are effective as natural pesticides, pollinators, and mosquito abatement, however, their survival is greatly threatened. They are affected by both white-nose syndrome, a deadly affliction, and human behaviour, ‘pest control’ activities. 3 The form of the tower is derived from a vertical cave, given the impact of light on the bat, the structure and details are carefully designed by architect. There are five triangular segments connecting to form the building shape, each facade is composited of several aligned plywood panels. The small gaps on the facades and narrow apertures on the roof panel introduce suitable light into the building. Using mainly wood for the whole building is not only environmental friendly but also more attractive for the bats. 4 From the design of bat tower, I started to aware, human beings are no longer playing the protagonist role in design futuring, but considering for other creatures from a new perspective. Architecture gradually outgrows from the habitats of human beings to the habitat of animals and plants, and from the significance of survival to significance of education.

3, Ants of the Prairie, ’10. Bat Tower’, (2010), <http://www.antsoftheprairie.com/?page_id=203> 4, Hsu, C., ‘Architect Creates ‘Bat Tower’ at Local Sculpture Park’, (2010), <http://www.antsoftheprairie. com/?page_id=203>

http://www.antsoftheprairie.com/?page_id=203

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Design Computation Over hundreds of years, architectural design has evolved from craftsmanship to scale drawings and models then to separate the construction and design, a more professional design. Up to now, human use their intelligence to create computer technology, thus architecture design has reached a new stage. Computer, which has the extreme rational operation and preciseness, is combined with human, which have strong intuition and sensibility, lighting a splendid sparks in the architecture design field.

What computer can do is not just helping humans doing calculation, but it gradually is taking over the baton of design. When the inherent conditions are given, computer may adjust could adjust itself according to the constant and new factors, and produce new results. Also, the abilities of computation, calculation and simulation of material characteristics, enable more possibilities for design. In the history of architecture design computation I writing a new chapter.

The integration of digital materiality and performative analysis now theoretically enables such a potential for a contemporary tectonic expression to be derived from the technologies of material design and fabrication.

Rivka Oxman and Robert Oxman Theories of The Digital In Architecture

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BEIJING NATIONAL STADIUM Architect : Jacques Herzog and pierre de Meuron and Li Xinggang The design of the “Bird’s Nest”, the main stadium of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, was produced through global design tenders. Finally, this giant stadium was jointly designed by the 2001 Pritzker Architecture Prize winners Herzog, De Meuron and Chinese architect Li Xinggang.

http://stadiumdb.com/stadiums/chn/beijing_national_stadium

https://www.pinterest.com.au/offsite/?token=899-736&url=https%3A%2F%2Flibertecture.wordpress.com%2F2014%2F01%2F28%2Falgorithmic-boogie-beijing-olympic-stadium-case-study-gsapp-adr-i-13%2F&pin=508343876680314714&client_tracking_ params=CwABAAAADDMwNTA0ODgwNzM5NQA

The shape of the stadium is like a nest which support life. It also likes a cradle that bearing human beings’ anticipation for the future. The designers did not apply any ornamentation for the national stadium, but exposed the structure frankly which naturally formed the appearance of the architecture. The main body of the design consists of a series of radial steel trusses rotating around the bowl-shaped seating area. The air cushion membrane between the steel structure o the roof is designed to shelter audience from rain and sun. Fully embodied the humanistic care in the design of the bird’s nest, the computation terrace is surrounded by bowl-shaped seating area, regardless of the position of the audience, and the distance of sight between the center points of the playing field and audience is around 140 meters. Also, Designers had also used fluid dynamics to simulate the natural ventilation to experiment the best condition when all spectators can enjoy the same natural light and ventilation.5

The smooth lines of The Bird’s Nest seems like randomly designed, but in fact the appearance was actually based on complex and rigorous computer calculations and design. The entire structure has no pillar supporting but be proper up by 24 interconnected steel reticular structure system. In the whole design process, the position and height of each steel column was first determined, the height of the highest column is 68.5 meters and the lowest one is 42.8. 6 By means of the aid of computer technology, the designer offset the 24 steel columns in two direction and joined each two to form a central-hollowed saddle structure. In order to stabilise the whole structure,ww trusses structure are added between adjacent column and roof structure. To acwwhieve the nest shape of the structure, the designers decorated aesthetic irregular steel bar on the structure, which form the final appearance.

5, Fan, Zhong, et al. “Simulation analysis on steel structure erection procedure of the National Stadium.” Jianzhu Jiegou Xuebao/Journal of Building Structures 28.2 (2007): 134-143. 6, FAN, Zhong, et al. “Design and research of large-span steel structure for the National Stadium [J].” Journal of Building Structures 2 (2007): 000.

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http://www.suckerpunchdaily.com/2014/05/02/sofi/#more-36337

SOFI Architect : Danny Karas This project is Danny Karasâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s graduation project in Southern California Institute of Architecture guided by Hernan Diaz Alonso and Ivan Bernal. The design is aimed to achieve new form of skyscraper within the modern urban context. The dynamic envelope is a challenge to the stereotype understanding towards modern skyscraper and also an experiment in computation technology.

http://www.suckerpunchdaily.com/2014/05/02/sofi/#more-36337

The design inspiration is from the skin of old people and how the gravity affecting this. The major centre structure is the lift running through the whole building with office area extending to different direction on each floor to form a distortion. The aesthetic outer skin is very flowing and the numerous gaps on the surface reduced the volume of the facade and introduced sunlight into the building. No matter from the inside or the outside, the architecture exhibit a extremely water-like floating space and movement. Karas used computer technology to simulate the effect of earthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s gravity on skin.7 Adding clay onto the basis model, the outcomes turned out to be different as the amount of clay will run to different place due to the gravity action. There is not much imformation about this project and there is possiblity that the model was been 7, (Dpearea.files.wordpress.com, 2018)

made in model-making software but not parametric deisgn. This can be drawed back to the basic question â&#x20AC;&#x153;What is computaion? and what is computerazition?â&#x20AC;&#x153; While for this project, it is more about the expression of digital production rather than a simple result of transmitting or designing future skyscraper. Just as the machine revolution allowed workers to have eight hours of free time in 1920, this digital computation can give designers extra time to experiment other elements such as materials, texturing and design development. This project is a testament of speed and quality that digital design can bring, and how its speed can give architects a greater opportunity to influence projects beyond form finding. Architects can now control afterwards design sooner and possibly prevent some value engineering and hopefully stop the slow erasure of architects in building.

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When architects have a sufficient understanding of algorithmic concapts, when we no longer need to discuss the digital as something different, thencomputation can become a true method of design for architecture.

Peter Brady Computation works

Composition/ Generation In the history of architecture development, we have witnessed the geometry and symmetry style of Mies Van De Roheâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s building, and also seen the rise of highly dynamic streamlined architecture from Zaha Hadid. All of this should be attributed to humanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s incessant exploration and application of computation. In todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s society, scripting programming software is ubiquitous and parametric design is in vogue, architects are more or less riding on the power of the computer technology. It

is undeniable that computation brings great convenience to designers in many ways, at the same time, computation creates plenty of opportunities for designing. With the help of computation, building performance is analysed better, materials properties are easily to experiment, and the crazy design ideas get the chance to be achieved. Also, dulling this process, computation is gradually integrated into design even guide that design outcomes.

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THE HYGROSKIN METEOROSENSITIVE PAVILION Architect : Achim Menges The Hygroskin meteorosensitive pavilion, experimenting for six years, was exhibited in FRAC centre in France vividly demonstrating the new architecture of a combination of computer technology and computation design. The designer, Achim Menges, aimed to create a climate-responsive architecture without relying on elaborate technical equipment.

https://www.architectureanddesign.com.au/news/pavilion-s-meteorosensitive-architecture-opens-and

Living creatures, whether humans, animals or plants, have always been complex but fascinating individuals, and humans have studied them for a long time to simulate the ability applying to other objects to work autonomously like they do. Nature has evolved a great variety of dynamic systems interacting with climatic influences and Menges utilised this ability to achieve climate-responsiveness in architecture. In spruce cones, people are able to spectate an interesting moisture-driven movement, which happens through a passive response to humidity changes but not require any “sensoryk, system or motor function”.8 The building skin is applying natural material, wood, making use of its natural behaviour. When the building exposed to natural environment, the building skin will response when the micro climate and humidity changes. When the humidity increase, the “window” of the building will open up and eventually affecting the illumination and ventilation movement between the

building and outside environment. Computation design is applied when simulating the material movement and behaviour to achieve the best results. The envelope, which is also the load-bearing structure for the building, is been experimented for its elastic bending behaviour by computer to reach the shape applied today. For this architecture, it is not only showing the integration of material behaviour and design computation, but also reveal this is no longer an idealized goal but a feasible proposition. It also demonstrates how focusing the computational design process on material behaviour rather than geometric shape allows for an unfolding of performative capacities and material resourcefulness that expands the design space towards hitherto unexplored architectural possibilities.9

8, Architect, A. M., Krieg, A. D., Reichert, S., ‘HygroSkin-Meteorosensitive Pavilion’, (2013), <https://www.archdaily.com/424911/hygroskin-meteorosensitive-pavilion-achim-menges-architect-in-collaboration-with-oliver-david-krieg-and-steffen-reichert> 9, Johnson, N., Chua, G., ‘Pavilion’s meteorosensitive architecture opens and closes in response to weather changes’, <https://www.architectureanddesign.com.au/news/pavilion-s-meteorosensitive-architecture-opens-and>

https://www.architectureanddesign.com.au/news/pavilion-s-meteorosensitive-architecture-opens-and

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http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=12965

ICD/ITKE RESEARCH PAVILION 2014-15

Architect : ICD/ITKE Institute In 2014, The ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion was exhibited on campus showed people an unusual type of construction technology that combines the living habits of animals with the experimental capabilities of machines, and the results were quite gratifying.

The design teams studied and learnt from water spider on how they build underwater nests. Water spiders use clever technology to build a “submerged fibre-reinforced pneumatic habitat”, in simple terms, spiders build air bubbles in the water and reinforce the bubble from interior with fibre. This can be seen as extremely hard as the flowing water creates a dynamic environment for spider to operate. People are amazed at the control and adaptability animals have over the structure and dynamic change, and tried to apply this to machine. The natural production process shows how the adaptive fabrication strategies can be utilized to create efficient fiber-reinforced structures. For the transfer of this biological formation sequence into a building construction application, A process was developed in which an industrial robot is placed within an air supported membrane made of ETFE. By robotically reinforcing the inside with carbon fiber, it is gradually stiffened into a self-supporting monocoque structure.10 Initially, the geometry of the shell and the main fibre position have been calculated and supplied to the machine as the input of the algorithm. The robot has to go through the position, strength, and variation of the force coming from the sensor, to design for next step self-directly, so on and so forth, to reach the final shape. This project greatly challenged the flexibility and adaptability of the machine, and also tested the possibility and feasibility of machine in the architectural design independently. In the past, machines were considered to be extremely rational and unable to carry out creative actions. However, with the development of computer technology and the popularity of algorithms, machines have been given creative power. Compared to human beings, computation is more accurate in the calculation of data, and it can react faster in the face of flexible design factors.

http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=12965

10, Doerstelmann, M., Knippers, J., Koslowski, V., Menges, A., Prado, M., Schieber, G., & Vasey, L. ‘ICD/ITKE research pavilion 2014–15: Fibre placement on a pneumatic body based on a water spider web’. Architectural Design, 5 (2015), 60-65

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Conclusion Part A of the journal demonstrate three ideas, Design Futuring, Design Computation and Composition/Generation. By learning from the precedents, we started to see the current trends of architecture and future development. With Design Computation, the architecture design has reached a new level that computation and algorithm were involved into design process and playing the essential part in determining the design outcomes. At the same time, computation has bringing lots of connivence towards human as it has great speed of calculation, better ability to handle shifting environment, and ability to simulate different situation. With help of these, architects get more freedom in the designing process and more crazy ideas are able to be achieved. For the future, more contexts are considered in architecture. Designers are learning, experimenting and self-improving from the surrounding. The precedents show us the creative thoughts and application that derivate from other creatures and the successful attempt.

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Learning Outcomes Over the past three weeks of study, the lecture and precedents study had expend my understanding of architecture design. Initially, I did not understand how the parametric design works and how significant role parametric design and computation play. Computation and parametric design are largely in used in architecture design for its autonomy when facing challenges and ability of fast calculation. By learning the grasshopper, I am able to do some easy tasks which encourage me to challenge more. Grasshopper is a useful tool to deal with some simple parametric design at my stage, and it reveal a convenient and efficient way of designing creative objects. The precedents had provide lots of interesting ideas and inspiration to me. Now, I am looking forward to the next task and can not wait to have a go with actual design.

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CRITERIA DESIGN

Content

Research Field 36

L-System 42

Bloom Project 44

Composition Design &Aggregation 68 Case Study 2.0 70

Technique Development 90

Technique Proposal 94

Learning Objectives &Outcomes

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Genetics Nature has a miraculous ability to preserve good genes and impel creature to evolve stronger, more survivable. Based on Darwinianâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s theory of evolution, genetic algorithm simulates natural selection and survival of the fittest, and evolves the optimal solution to the problem through many generations of selection, crossover and mutation rules. Taking biological evolution as an example, biological evolution process is adopted by to solve this problem. The next generation of solutions are generated by copying, crossing and variation, and the solutions with low fitness function value will be gradually eliminated, thus increasing the solutions with high fitness function value. Over countless generations, it is possible to evolve individuals capable of adaptation. Genetic algorithm as an intelligent optimisation algorithm has been successfully applied in engineering. In recent years, with the development of generative design in

the field of architecture, genetic algorithm has been introduced into the field of design to deal with optimisation and complexity problems in architectural design. Recursion, in mathematics and computer science, is a way of defining functions in which the functions defined are applied to its own definition. It usually turns a problem of large complex content into a similar problem of smaller scale to solve, the recursion strategy only require a small number of procedures to describe the problem solving process of repeatedly calculation, greatly reduces the amount of program operation. The ability of recursion is to define an infinite set of objects with finite statements. Generally speaking, recursion requires boundary conditions, recursion forward segment and recursion return segment. When the boundary conditions are not met, recursively advance, and return recursively when the boundary conditions are met.

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THE EMBRYOLOGICAL HOUSE Architect : Greg Lynn

The Embryological house designed by American architect Greg Lynn in 1997 to 2002, is a recursive architecture project. Greg Lynn’s embryological housing project proposes six prototype parental homes with different genetic characteristics. Through variation and natural selection of these prototypes, thousands of different houses can be produced. The idea was similar to the principle of nature development: the gene is transferred from parent to child, applying natural selection, and the adoption of genes from the gene pool. Lynn reconsidered the concept of an artificial house, but shifting from a modular modernist form to an infinitely iterative form derived from the basic form. His goal is to design and manufacture houses that show diversity based on common management principles - “mass customisation” to allow mass production of individual unique products at the same time. In the meanwhile, Lynn hopes that new features in computer-aided design and CNC manufacturing can support this design process. Lynn first used the Microstation software to establish

the parameters of the embryological housing geometry, which are the original curves. Through a series of 12 control points connected to this basic geometry, he established the prescribed limit which the impractical design would be generated if it beyonds the limit. Then the generated geometry file is imported into Maya, a software that allows for smooth rendering surfaces. The physical model of the embryo chamber is made using prototype technology to test the design’s compatibility with existing manufacturing techniques. The materiality of his model is an important part of the creative process. For example, Lynn deliberately left traces of computer-controlled tools on the surface of the model, which will expose the means of manufacture used. CCA has physical entity models and digital files related to this project. While many of its iterations have been fully developed, allowing some measure of their build potential, but the architecture version of the build has yet to be built.

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PRIMITIVES

Architect : Aranda/Lasch

Primitives designed by Aranda and Lasch was exhibited in Venice Biennale in 2010. Aranda and Laschâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s algorithmic coding produces systems of identical geometrical shapes configured in a multitude of arrangement. The project is consisted of black and white loosely dispersed furniture elements that look like rock piles. Each element are composed of same universal building block but formed into unique composition. The beauty of recursive algorithms is that they can be used to generate intricate sculptural shapes, through a simple definition. The first iteration starts with an edge condition (an element, object or shape), which is not always defined re-

cursively. Following iterations are defined by data loops, in which items are repeated in a self-similar way. Different structures are seen to arise from subtle variations of the function definition, creating forms reminiscent of plants, corals and micro-organisms. Recursive algorithm design had been largely used by Aranda and Lasch, it can be reveal in most of their projects.

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L - System Since the 1960s, great progress has been made in the study of plant simulation, which has aroused the interest of many scholars. They have made extensive studies on the remarkable geometric properties of plants, such as the bilateral symmetry of leaves, the rotational symmetry of flowers, and the spiral arrangement of scales on pine cones. In 1968, the American biologist Aristid Lindermayer proposed the Lindermayer System, or L-system for short term, which was used to describe the mathematical model of plant growth. Its basic idea could be interpreted as an idealized process of tree growth, starting from one branch, producing more new branches, and all the branches will

grow out twigs, finally growing leaves. As A typical example of fractal theory, l-system was proposed to describe system of trees from botanical point of view. Since then, many scholars have expanded and improved it and introduced computer graphics, forming many variants of l-system, such as random L-system, open L-system, parameter L-system, etc. L system can be infinitely nested, with high simplicity and multi-level structure. It provides an effective theory and method to describe the morphological and structural characteristics of the tree growth and proliferation process of plants, and has become the mainstream method of plant visual growth modeling.

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CELL- LIKE

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NETWORK

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FLAOTING TENTACLES

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BLOOM

PROJECT

ARCHITECT : Alisa Andrasek / Jose Sanchez

The Bloom project was set up to celebrate the London 2012 paralympic games

and is an ongoing project that is still on exhibition. The toy is made up of three different modules or variants, and participants can choose to build a ring, a spiral, or a distributed branch to form this giant whole. The head of the structure is the long bench structure built by the designer as the seed, from which people start adding their own work and creating new sequences. The building is not a permanent fixture, but a display of unpredictable character and it is pretty interactive. The whole structure can be easily connected and easily dismantled and reused. In the process of designing each component, the designers used computer technology to control and experiment on the shape, which made it easy and cheap to explore the opportunities. Each individual has three points, and at those three points, they can be connected along their contours so that they can be compiled in both two and three dimensions, generating almost unlimited formal potential. As for the form prediction of the whole structure, the designer simulates the outcomes through recursive algorithm, and different results can be obtained simply by controlling the location, rotation and connection of the individual in the digital space. BLOOM is defined as a “ city toy,” “a distributed social game and collective” “gardening” “experience that seeks to engage people in cultivating a variety of forms. The project showed people the possibility of engaging in design, and took a very simple approach to appeal people to get involve in design. In terms of technology, the project demonstrates the advantages of applying recursive algorithm in the form finding in architecture.

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SEA SNAIL

TWINE

LEGUME

WEEZING

SNAKE

PAPER PLANE

Component Desigen & Aggregation

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1, set up the start point of aggregation which is the point aggregation start to grow 2. Set up L-shape polyline as the reference for the axiom handle and create plane along the shorter line of the axiom handle 3. Set up Secondary branches which are also drawn in L shape and create planes and the start point of secondary branches should be locate at the origin of axiom handleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s plane

4. Reorient the axiom handle to the start point of aggregation by applying the vector created from the origin to start point 5 create plane along the short line of reoriented axiom branch as the reference panel for following branches

6. Redraw heuristic handles to set up standard length for handles enable heuristic creation 7. Reorient initial branches by adding the vectors from end point of axiom to the start point of aggregation 8. create planes for re-orientation initial branches to serve as start plane for next generation.

9. Applying preset number of generation and rule sets to simulate “tree growth” aggregation with the help of “Anemone” plug in.

10. set up component brep make it to mesh for quicker calculation and reference designed component to the axiom handle

11. Orient the component brep to the initial branches so that it will generate component along the initial branches. 12. Set up obstacles, any brep collide with obstacles(decided by surface closet point) will be delete and will not grow next generation. 13. Brep intersection will be determined, the delete rule is set to eliminate the subordinate brep.

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AXIOM BRANCHES ABCD RULE SET NO.1 A=C B = AC C=B D =ABC NUMBER OF GENERATION: 25 This component is suitable for laser cut technology because the module is 2d and flat. The material will be MDF.

THIRD GENERATION SECOND GENERATION FIRST GENERATION

A B C D

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AXIOM BRANCHES C RULE SET NO.2 A = AD B = AC C = AB D = BD NUMBER OF GENERATION: 16 As the material is timber and the component is light and thin so the component can be slide into the gap of the component and joining agent such as pin or clear fishing lean will be used to secure the structure.

THIRD GENERATION SECOND GENERATION FIRST GENERATION

A B C D

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The size of the secondary component is determined by the height of secondary component to the ground. It is designed for a quiet gentle and soft outcome.

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Different from the first secondary component, this one is more peculiar to experiment various outcome. Contrast to the primary component, secondary component is solid and dynamic. The size of the secondary component is determined by the height from the component to the ground.

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AXIOM BRANCHES BC RULE SET NO.1 A = ACD B = AC C = AB D = ABC NUMBER OF GENERATION: 11 As this component is curved, so it will be better using 3D print technology. Also, for the material, silicone will be using for structure reason. The main structure are supported by several branches so that it requires high load bearing capacity material. The secondary component is spike whose orientation is determined by a certain point created before in the air. The size of the spike is decided by the height of each component. THIRD GENERATION SECOND GENERATION FIRST GENERATION

A B C D

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AXIOM BRANCHES BCD RULE SET NO.1 A=C B = AB C = AC D =ABC NUMBER OF GENERATION: 25

THIRD GENERATION SECOND GENERATION FIRST GENERATION

A B C D

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Technique Proposal Lovell Chen Lounge is located at the west side of

the MSD building extruded from the second floor and suspended in the air. For such a long time, the existence of this area is not strong, as a study area, it does not show a great potential. The red desk is not suitable for students to study and the natural light brought by the huge glass window is not controllable in the daytime. Such an environment is not comfortable for studying. However, my design idea is take over the space make the structure strongly occupied this space, forming a relatively closed environment for students to relax and rest between classes. Large glass Windows provide ample light and interact with the entire structure and produce interesting light and shadow to add dynamics into this boring space. The wild growing canopy extends out from the lounge and takes over the aerial space and merged with the surroundings rather than work as a rigid exhibit structure. I am expecting this structure can provide student a fancy space to rest and â&#x20AC;&#x153;dreamingâ&#x20AC;&#x153;.

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Learning Outcomes These weeks of l-system study have greatly improved my computer skills, especially for grasshopper. The study of recursive algorithm and genetic architecture gave me a deeper understanding of architecture. Architecture is no longer a design based on personal preference, but integrated with computer technology, and human make use of genetic algorithm in architectural design to achieve the purpose of screening, which is more rational and accurate. The concept of screening by â&#x20AC;&#x153;geneâ&#x20AC;? is unfamiliar and hard to understand for me by now, but it enrich my understanding towards architecture. L-system enables me to experiment with new design techniques and methods and interesting forms can be implemented by simple algorithm. I am looking forward to learning more afterwards, so that I can have more design skills.

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DETAIL DESIGN

Content

Individual Design 108

Group Design Proposal 110

Composition Design &Aggregation 114

Connection Design 116

Tectonic Elements & Prototypes 126

Architectural Drawing 130 Perspective Rendering 156 Learning Objectives &Outcomes

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This proposal further developed and combined the ideas and design elements from part B. This aggregation used the â&#x20AC;&#x153;butterflyâ&#x20AC;? as the primary component and spikes pointing to one point as secondary component. This aggressive form continue the idea that my design will take over the red study area and provided a relaxing space for student. The aggregation extend out from the lounge and continue to the surrounding to fully integrate with the building. The spikes make the area looking dangerous but protective.

AXIOM BRANCHES D RULE SET NO.1 A=C B = AD C = AC D =ABC NUMBER OF GENERATION: 24

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Group Design Proposal

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Design Concept

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The original idea of this primary and secondary component is taking from a sculpture. The sculpture conveys a sense of fluent but also solid and protective. Applying the organic shapes as well as the atmosphere this sculpture carries to the aggregation, the component was designed. The primary component has a â&#x20AC;&#x153;rootâ&#x20AC;? for

easy connection and works like tree trunk that supporting secondary component. It is designed to convey a sense of hardness and sharpness as there are small spikes on thee body of component. The secondary component is more smooth and soft, which is designed to protect the visitor.

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Primary component

The aggregation is designed to stretch out to different directions but also able to create small â&#x20AC;&#x153;roomsâ&#x20AC;? that allows people to go in and take a rest inside. In order to achieve these qualities, one primary component is connected to another on its back to create spiral shape in many generations. Less branches in one generation guarantees that the aggregation can grow longer and component will not be interrupt by others. The localise differentiation is based on the distance between core of the aggregation and the growing point of secondary component. The secondary component is designed to be flexible and plastic so that student can get involved to design this structure somehow. Also, we expect the material for component can bee contrast, hard material for primary and soft material for secondary component. We believe that silicone rubber can be bouncy working as secondary material.

Secondary compon

AXIOM BRANCHES C RULE SET NO.2 A = AD B = AC C = AB D = BD NUMBER OF GENERATION: 16

nent

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Final Agrregation

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Location Proposal The atrium has always been a controversy space for student to discuss, we think that atrium is quite large but not been organised well. There are few sofa providing for student to study and relax occupying large space in the atrium. We considered that the sofa is not comfortable and not really providing a relaxing space for students as studying architecture is really stressful. So we place the aggregation between the hanging studio and second floor to occupy the space but also offering a well designed relaxing space for student. The aggregation contains several small rooms which provides individual space for students. The primary component form the basic space and provide a strong support for the whole aggravation. The secondary component wrap around the trunk to provide protection.

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INNER SCREW CONNECTION To use the screw connection, the component needs to be adjusted to round the end to be able to secured. But the screw thread is hard to be produced, this require accurate production to make the dimension correct. If there is small mistake, the whole thing can not be fixed.

Connection Design

SURFACE SCREW

Surface screw connection large area for fixing. In o we redesign the primary side a little bit at the con connection, we can choos to the components so that strong.

W CONNECTION

n applies when there has order to use this method, y component to extrude nnection edge. For better se to add additional screw t the structure will be more

117

EXTRUDE CONNECTION The third connection is extrude connection that there is a small extruding on the root of component and the same shape of sunken area at the connection point. By doing this, two component can be easily locked together and this is a cheap way to do the connection. But sometimes, the material can be really hard to push into another, which make this connection type a easy one to handle. As we 3D printed the connection and test it, we found the even through extrusion is small, it is still difficult to secure two component together

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PROTOTYPE PROCESS PRIMARY COMPONENT CNC 5 axis cutting (refused)

https://www.google.com.au/search?biw=1404&bih=798&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=VJ3EW7bGJNrt-Qac-b2oAw&q=CNC+CUTTING+5+AXIS+METAL&oq=CNC+CUTTING+5+AXIS+METAL&gs_l=i mg.3...21611.22274.0.22466.6.6.0.0.0.0.243.243.2-1.1.0....0...1c.1.64.img..5.0.0....0.yh5XlMRH9ec#imgrc=1f1TrQKQjPAJMM:

This form cannot be achieved by 3-axis machine but can be made by 5-axis cutting machine.

3d print (succeed)

Most easy way to produce the component, but this do take longer time than casting.

resin casting - silicone mold (succeed)

Any color can be achieved by adding pigment and this is a fast and cheap approach.

foam cutting (succeed)

It takes long time to proceess by hand and it is not accurate.

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SECONDARY COMPONENT resin printing (succeed)

Resin 3D printing can achieve a veery high quality, smooth model, the interior is clear and clean not like ordinary 3D printing. The problem with this method is the price and it is time consuming.

3d print (succeed)

Easy and cheap way to fabricate.

silicone casting (succeed)

Can be fabricated but neeceessary shaking is needed to help liquid flow easily. As the body of the component is very thin, additional wire is inserted to support the element and also enable deformation.

resin casting (failed)

As resin dry very fast that it cannot flow to the very end smoothly. Only half of the model can be made.

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PROTOTYPE PROCESS

- silicone mold ma

component)

3d print a mound for the primary/secondary component

Prepare material for the mold making

Using 4 acrylic boards box, seal the edges usi avoid leakage

Slowly Pour the silicone liquid into the mold box, waiting for the mixture to harden

Remove the mold box, registration keys and clay, Brush the Vaseline oil above the first half of mold

Place a cone clay on th the highest point to cr casting. Mix the silico the mold box

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aking process (both primary and secondary

s to form the mold ing hot glue gun

Put the component in the proper place, filling the surrounding using oil based clay, smooth the surface and create registration keys between mold halves

he component at reate a hole for later one and pour into

After the silicone dries, separate two parts and remove the component inside. The silicone mold is ready for casting.

Mix the silicone part A&B at ratio 100:100

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PROTOTYPE PROCESS - resin casting process

Re-assemble the mold and wrap it with plaster bandage in two directions to prevent the leakage inside

Mix resin liquid A&B at ratio 1:1. Add resin pigment.

Carefully pour the prepared hole.

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liquid through the

Slightly jiggle the mold to remove the bubble inside

After 20 mins, take out the resin inside

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PROTOTYPE PROCESS - flexible silicone maki

Prepare materials

Mix two parts at ratio at 100:100 and fully mix them up within 2 mins.

Apply a layer of oil inside the mold and use the same material for casting.

Put the flexible silicone through the gap into the mold and squeeze out the redundant material to ensure there is no air inside

125

ing process

Wrap the flexible mixture around the 3D model and ensure there is no gap between.

After the mixture harden, cut a gap on the mold and remove the model inside.

Take out the model after it finishes harden.

insert the wire to support and also allows the plasticity of the component

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Architectural Drawing

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Learning Outcome This project enabled me to discover the idea, form further more. With the help of grasshopper, I am able to achieve complex form and have a go with recursive design. By applying the aggregation in the real world, I started to think and consider more than just design. As detail as connection, supporting, material and feasibility are all needed to take into consideration.

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FAN, Zhong, et al. “Design and research of large-span steel structure for the National Stadium [J].” Journal of Building Structures 2 (2007): 000. Fan, Zhong, et al. “Simulation analysis on steel structure erection procedure of the National Stadium.” Jianzhu Jiegou Xuebao/Journal of Building Structures 28.2 (2007): 134-143. Fry, Tony, Design Futuring (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2014) Hsu, C., ‘Architect Creates ‘Bat Tower’ at Local Sculpture Park’, (2010), <http://www.antsoftheprairie. com/?page_id=203> Johnson, N., Chua, G., ‘Pavilion’s meteorosensitive architecture opens and closes in response to weather changes’, <https://www.architectureanddesign.com.au/news/pavilion-s-meteorosensitivearchitecture-opens-and> Newalkar, R., ‘Sustainability through plant and animal ethics: Informing design for coexistence in a sustainable architectural environment’, (2016), <https://www.researchgate.net/profile/ Rucha_Newalkar2/publication/314377656_Sustainability_through_plant_and_animal_ ethics_Informing_design_for_coexistence_in_a_sustainable_architectural_environment/ links/58c139624585156790277c2c/Sustainability-through-plant-and-animal-ethics-Informing-designfor-coexistence-in-a-sustainable-architectural-environment.pdf> Ovaskainen, Otso. “How to develop the nature conservation strategies for The Netherlands?.” De Levende Natuur. 2 (2013), 59-62. Oxman, Rivka, and Robert Oxman, Theories Of The Digital In Architecture, pp. 1-10 van der Ree, Rodney, Daniel J. Smith, and Clara Grilo. Handbook of road ecology. (John Wiley & Sons 2015). pp.172-176.