openME 51.1

Fast-track to global opportunities. Long-term career outlook. Driven to succeed together.

Innovative systems

Intelligent software

Life-cycle services

A challenging role with Vanderlande will help you to fast-track your career with global opportunities and satisfy your ambitions on a long-term basis. We are the global leaders for value-added logistic process automation at airports and in the parcel market, as well as a leading supplier for warehouses.

Our systems are operational at more than 600 airports, the world’s leading parcel companies, and 12 of Europe’s top 20 e-commerce companies. As such, we’re looking for dynamic new colleagues who are not only driven to succeed together, but also take ownership and responsibility. Are you ready to take on the challenge? > careers.vanderlande.com

FOREWORD Dear reader, Ƌä ĂŅĆʼnőġÁʼn ÙŅäÁė Ćʼn ŖĢùĩŅőŖĢÁőäěű ĩŪäŅ ÁĢà Á Ģäū űäÁŅ Á Ģäū űäÁŅ ĂÁʼn ʼnőÁŅőäà͠ ƋäŅäùĩŅä͡ H ūÁĢő őĩ ʼnőÁŅő Ùű ūĆʼnĂĆĢú űĩŖ Áěě ú űĩŖ Áěě őĂä Ùäʼnő ùĩŅ ̠̞̠̞ ĩĢ ÙäĂÁěù ĩù őĂä 'àĆőĩŅĆÁě ĩġġĆőőää ġĆőőää ĩù ĩłäĢ`'͠ ;ĩŅ ĩłäĢ`'͡ ̧̠̞̟ ĂÁʼn ÙääĢ Á ġäġĩŅÁÙěä ÁÙěä Ģė ÁĢà ʼnŖÚÚäʼnʼnùŖě ƇŅʼnő űäÁŅ ÁĢà H ūÁĢő őĩ őĂÁĢė äŪäŅűĩĢä ūĂĩ ĂÁŪä ġÁàä Ćő Áěě łĩʼnʼnĆÙěä͠ HĢ äłőäġÙäŅ͡ H ĂÁŪä őÁėäĢ ĩŪäŅ őĂä ùŖĢÚőĆĩĢ ĩù 'àĆőĩŅͿĆĢͿ ĂĆäù ùŅĩġ `ÁÁŅőĔä ĩŅʼnő͡ ūĂĩ H ūĩŖěà ěĆėä őĩ őĂÁĢė ùĩŅ ĂäŅ Ăäěł őĂä ěÁʼnő ÚĩŖłěä ĩù ġĩĢőĂʼn͠ H Áġ äŰÚĆőäà őĩ łŅäʼnäĢő űĩŖ ġű ƇŅʼnő äàĆőĆĩĢ Áʼn 'àĆőĩŅͿĆĢͿ ĂĆäù͠ ĩúäőĂäŅ ūĆőĂ őĂä 'àĆőĩŅĆÁě ĩġġĆőőää͡ ūä ĂÁŪä ÙääĢ ūĩŅėĆĢú ĂÁŅà à őĂä ěÁʼnő ÚĩŖłěä ĩù ūääėʼn őĩ ƇĢĆʼnĂ őĂä őĂĆŅà łÁłäŅ Ņ ŪäŅʼnĆĩĢ ĩù ĩłäĢ`'͠ ƋĆʼn äàĆőĆĩĢ ĩĢÚä ÁúÁĆĢ ĂÁʼn Á úŅäÁő ŪÁŅĆäőű ĆĢ ÁŅőĆÚěäʼn͡ őĆÚěäʼn͡ ūĆőĂ Á ěĩő ĩù äàŖÚÁőĆĩĢͿŅäěÁőäà ÁŅőĆÚěäʼn͡ ʼnŖÚĂ Áʼn ġŖěőĆłěä ġŖěőĆłěä ÁÚĂäěĩŅ ;ĆĢÁě ŅĩĔäÚőʼn ÁĢà ÁĢ ĆěěŖʼnőŅÁőĆĩĢ ĩù őĂä ùääàÙÁÚė ä ùääàÙÁÚė ʼnűʼnőäġ ĩù őĂä ͭä͠ HĢ ÁààĆőĆĩĢ͡ őĂä ÁŖőĩġĩőĆŪä ʼnäÚőĩŅ Ćʼn ūäěě ʼnäÚőĩŅ Ćʼn ūäěě ŅäłŅäʼnäĢőäà ĆĢ őäÚĂĢĩěĩúĆÚÁě ÁŅőĆÚěäʼn͠ #ĩ Ģĩő ùĩŅúäő őĩ őÁėä łÁŅő ĆĢ äő őĩ őÁėä łÁŅő ĆĢ őĂä ÚĩġłäőĆőĆĩĢ Áʼn ūäěěͥ DÁŪä ùŖĢ ŅäÁàĆĢúͥ WĆĢà ŅäúÁŅàʼn͡

COLOFON

ÁĢàĩŅ DÁÙäőʼn 'àĆőĩŅͿĆĢͿ ĂĆäù

3

January 2020, volume 51, issue 1 The ‘openME’ is a publication by the study association for Mechanical Engineering Simon Stevin of the Technical University of Eindhoven.

Editor-in-Chief Sandor Habets Design Maartje Borst, Rik Lubbers, Roelof Mestriner, Joel Peeters, Lex Verberne Layout Maartje Borst, Sandor Habets, Freek Jansen, Robbert Louwers, Jules Vaes

Editorial Committee Jankatiri Boon, Maartje Borst, Sandor Habets, Anne van der Horst, Freek Jansen, Luc Koenders, Robbert Louwers, Rik Lubbers, Remco Martin LIzandara, Karsten Slakhorst, Noah Tabor, Jules Vaes, Roel van der Velde, Katty de Visser Illustrations and Pictures Editorial Committee, PaparaCie, Bart van Overbeeke 4VMRXMRK SƾGI Drukkerij Snep

Circulation 1000 pieces Contact Eindhoven University of Technology Gemini-Noord 1.61 Den Dolech 2 5612AZ Eindhoven ĩʼnő ĩƆÚä ÙĩŰ ̡̣̟ E-mail: redactie@simonstevin.tue.nl homepage: simonstev.in

FEATURED

18 FEATURED 18

24

42

64

TECH

24 ASSOCIATION

VANCOUNVER

In last edition of openME, Sjors van Adrichem wrote an article about living in Vancouver. Now that he is back, learn about his internship project and his experiences there.

6

Smile of Science

10

De Diskjockey

14

Starship

31

Puzzle Slitherlink

22

Clutching

38

Grind my gears

In an attempt to rival sportier full-size competitors, the Range Rover Sport was brought to life. Is it any good though?

24

Range Rover Sport

49

Interview international student

34

Adaptive cruise control 59

Puzzle Calcudoku

HOW TO FACE STRESS

44

Reach for the stars 74

De ruggengraat

56

Space debris 82

Puzzles

86

Sterrenhoekje

87

Contest

RANGE ROVER SPORT

Your student days are supposed to be the best time of your life.

Learn how to handle stress during this busy period of your life.

TU/ECOMOTIVE

TU/ecomotive wants to show that waste can be a valuable resource.

That is why they present Luca.

But how will this enovironmentfriendly car provide an answer to the waste problem on Earth?

64

TU/ecomotive

68

Rubik's cube

77

Delta works

80

Electric cars: the future?

42

64

E

CAREER

EDUCATION

2

Vanderlande

8

Course evaluations

36

Prodrive Technologies

13

ACD-Project

46

Wervingsdagen

17

Heidy Keepers

55

Symposium

18

Internship Vancouver

AME

73

AME

28

BFP: Breaking records with model planes

Prodrive Technologies

32

Harald van Brummelen

42

How to face stress

52

Master thesis: Mechanical metamaterials

60

Quality ME: Feedback loop

66

Lambert van Breemen

70

BFP: Stabilization iron ƽEQI

SPONSORS

THIS EDITION OF THE OPENME IS POWERED BY:

TU/e Mechanical Engineering

Vanderlande ExxonMobil

Smile of science

Sugars in Meteorites ŖúÁŅʼn͡ ūäěě ėĢĩūĢ ùĩŅ Ćőʼn Ŗʼnä ĆĢ ùĩĩà ÁĢà Úĩƅää͡ ÁŅä also very important in your body. They are a crucial part of RNA, which is essential for the control of cellular processes in all known life forms. Researchers ĂÁŪä ùĩŖĢà ʼnŖúÁŅʼn ĩĢ ġäőäĩŅĆőäʼn ùĩŅ őĂä ƈŅʼnő őĆġä ÁĢà they suspect that these sugars contributed to the life found on earth today. It was very remarkable that these sugars could be detected in the meteorites because they are such ancient materials.

Maybe they have found the source of every life on Earth and with it the history of life. But before these questions can be answered, a lot of other mysteries need to be solved. In the future, more meteorites will Ùä äŰÁġĆĢäà őĩ úäő Á ÙäőőäŅ ĩŪäŅŪĆäū ĩù Áěě őĂä àĆƅäŅäĢő ‘aliensugars’ existing. It is not clear whether we ever úäő ÁĢ ÁĢʼnūäŅ͡ ÙŖő őĂä ƈŅʼnő ʼnőäłʼn ÁŅä ġÁàä͠ ĩ ùĩŅ Ģĩū͡ ěĩĩė Áő őĂä ʼnėű ÁĢà ġÁűÙä űĩŖ ūĆěě ʼnää Á ;g ƉűĆĢú Ùű͠

ŖŅƈĢú bees There are not a lot of people who like bees, but these creatures are actually very important for our living environment. Bees take ÚÁŅä ĩù Á ÙĆú łÁŅő ĩù őĂä łĩěěĆĢÁőĆĩĢ ĩù ƉĩūäŅʼn ÁĢà łěÁĢőʼn͠ Ăäű Ɖű from one plant to another. On warm summer days, honeybees gather water to keep their nest cool. Sometimes, when these bees are too clumsy, they fall into the water. Well, you might think that bees cannot swim and that is true, but they can do something much cooler. They can surf! They use their wings to move like a hydrofoil, moving forward over the water like a surfer. How cool Ćő ġĆúĂő ʼnääġ őĂÁő őĂäű ÁŅä ÁÙěä őĩ àĩ őĂĆʼn͡ Ćő Ćʼn Ģĩő ŪäŅű äƆÚĆäĢő͠ aĩŅġÁěěű Ùääʼn Ɖű ūĆőĂ Á ùŅäńŖäĢÚű ĩù őĂäĆŅ ūĆĢúʼn ĩù ÁÙĩŖő ̠̞​̞ DŹ͠ In the water, however, this frequency decreases to just 100 Hz. Ăäű ÚÁĢ ġÁĆĢőÁĆĢ ʼnŖŅƈĢú ùĩŅ ̠ őĩ ̣ ġĆĢŖőäʼn ÁĢà ĂĩłäùŖěěű͡ őĂĆʼn is enough time for them to rescue themselves from the water. äʼnäÁŅÚĂäŅʼn ʼnÁű őĂÁő őĂä ʼnŖŅƈĢú ĩù őĂä ĂĩĢäűÙääʼn ÚÁĢ Ùä Ŗʼnäà Áʼn an inspiration for hybrid vehicles in the future, which can move on land and through the water.

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Tech

ME

WRITTEN BY: KATTY DE VISSER

Energy catching ʼnŖĢƉĩūäŅ ŖĢƉĩūäŅʼn͡ őĂĩŖúĂ őĂäű ÁŅä ĢĆÚä őĩ ěĩĩė Áő͡ őĂäű Áěʼnĩ ʼnääġ kind of smart. They close at night and turn to the sun when they open. This way they catch as much sun as possible. ©äěě͡ őĂäʼnä ʼnġÁŅő ƉĩūäŅʼn ÁŅä őĂä ĆĢʼnłĆŅÁőĆĩĢ ùĩŅ őĂä ÁŅőĆƈÚĆÁě ʼnŖĢƉĩūäŅʼn͡ őĂä ŖĢ g ͠ Ăä ŖĢ g Ćʼn äńŖĆłłäà ūĆőĂ ʼnĩěÁŅ panels, which will catch the sunlight. This way sustainable äĢäŅúű ÚÁĢ Ùä úäĢäŅÁőäà͠ Ăäʼnä ÁŅőĆƈÚĆÁě ƉĩūäŅʼn àĩ őĂä ʼnÁġä as the real ones, namely, following the light. When the SunBOT is exposed to light, the material heats up and shrinks. The ʼnőÁěė ūĆěě őĂäĢ ÙäĢà ÙäÚÁŖʼnä ĩù őĂĆʼn͠ ©ĂäĢ őĂä ƉĩūäŅʼn ŅäÚäĆŪä the optimal amount of light it will shade over its own stalk, which will cool it down and make it stop shrinking. A bendable SunBOT can collect up to 400% more solar energy than one that does not bend to the light!

Drone controlling with your hands When going into space, every astronaut obviously needs a ʼnłÁÚäʼnŖĆő͠ 'ŪäŅűĩĢä ėĢĩūʼn Ăĩū őĂäʼnä ʼnłÁÚäʼnŖĆőʼn ěĩĩė͢ ʼnőĆƅ͡ clumsy, bulky and not really comfortable to move around in.

When standing on another planet, a lot of research is done ġĩʼnő ĩù őĂä őĆġä͠ ĩÙĩőʼn ÁĢà àŅĩĢäʼn ÁŅä ĩùőäĢ Ŗʼnäà őĩ ÙäĢäƈő this research. Using some kind of remote to control these devices is not the easiest approach when wearing a spacesuit.

To solve this, a glove has been invented. This glove contains sensors and can be used to control robots and drones. It can pick up the small and subtle movements of your hand.

The sensors will then send this information wirelessly to a àäŪĆÚä͡ àĆŅäÚőĆĢú őĂä àŅĩĢäʼn ÁĢà ŅĩÙĩőʼn͠ ©ĆőĂĩŖő ġŖÚĂ äƅĩŅő͡ astronauts can now pick samples with robots, map big parts of the landscape with drones and much more!

Digital cars The whole world is digitalizing, everything is online nowadays. Even cars are slowly getting digitalized. How úŅäÁő ūĩŖěà Ćő Ùä͡ Ćù őĂä ÚÁŅ ÚĩŖěà ĂäÁő Ŗł ÁĢà ƈĢà őĂä best way to work, all before you even left your front door?

Well luckily, the innovations that will eventually lead to this have started. In the future, cars will be able to ‘talk’ to each other. This ‘vehicle-to-everything-technology’ ūĆěě úäő ĆĢùĩŅġÁőĆĩĢ ùŅĩġ͡ ùĩŅ äŰÁġłěä͡ őŅÁƆÚ ěĆúĂőʼn ĩŅ charging stations. This way, you can know how much further it is to the next charging station or when the light őŖŅĢʼn úŅääĢ͠ Ăä ƈŅʼnő àĆúĆőÁěĆŹÁőĆĩĢ Ćʼn ÁěŅäÁàű ĂäŅä͡ ùĩŅ example connecting your phone to your car. In 2020, Volkswagen will bring a car on the market which drives autonomous, recognizes signs and can listen to your voice.

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QUALITY ME 19%

Design of a modern trebuchet

Design Principles

5 ECTS

2.5 ECTS

19% 20% *1

7.5

30% 139 ̡ͫ

*2

4.4 85

;ääàÙÁÚė͢ • Fun project in which you learn to work ūĆőĂ # àäʼnĆúĢ ÁĢà ̡# łŅĆĢőĆĢú͠ • The supporting lecture was unclear. It ūÁʼn àĆƆÚŖěő őĩ ùĩěěĩū ÁĢà őĂä 'ĢúěĆʼnĂ was not great.

;ääàÙÁÚė͢ • Decrease the amount of information in the course, it does not represent 2,5 ECTS • Increase the opportunities for practice, by guided self-studiesy, providing selfstudy material.

• Relevant and interesting course.

HġłŅĩŪäġäĢőʼn͢ • Due to online grading, the grades of the CAD test will take less time.

• The supporting lecture will be improved. A reader with extra information instead of the supporting lecture will be considered.

HġłŅĩŪäġäĢőʼn͢ • The amount of information is decreased, so it would better represent the 2,5 ECTS. • New opportunities for self-study are provided and guided self-studies are organized.

Solid Mechanics 5 ECTS

;ääàÙÁÚė͢ • Course is well structured and organized.

• Earlier for the secontiming of d the second interim test.

• Enthusiastic teacher, which explains a very useful topic for Mechanical Engineers.

7.5 13%

117

* Courses evaluation 2018-2019

8

HġłŅĩŪäġäĢőʼn͢ • No interim test will be provided next year, students have to pass an online test, which they can do multiple times.

However, they have to pass these exams to take part in őĂä ƈĢÁě äŰÁġ͠

Education

̟ͫ μ ό ĩù ʼnőŖàäĢő ūĂĩ ƈěěäà ĆĢ őĂä ʼnŖŅŪäű

Good

*2 = Average grade of the course

Okay

̡ͫ μ ŪäŅÁúä ʼnłäĢà őĆġä ĩĢ őĂä ÚĩŖŅʼnä

Bad

Career development

Microfabrication

2.5 ECTS

5 ECTS

7.5 22%

90

38% 20%

7.9 140

;ääàÙÁÚė͢ • Well-structured course.

• Relevant course in the master.

• Reduce the workload slightly.

• Reduce the overlap between the compulsory canvas modules and the lectures.

;ääàÙÁÚė͢ • The lab work gives insight in the application of the theory.

• Ăä ƈĢÁě äŰÁġ ʼnĂĩŖěà Ùä ĆĢ Á àĆƅäŅäĢő ūÁű őĂÁĢ ÁĢÙä Á àĆƅäŅäĢő ùĩŅġ ĩù examination than an oral exam.

HġłŅĩŪäġäĢőʼn͢ • The overlap between the information on Canvas an the information in the slides will be looked in.

HġłŅĩŪäġäĢőʼn͢ • The assessment will be looked into and the feedback will be taken into account.

Solar heat system 5 ECTS

20%

;ääàÙÁÚė͢ • Relevant and interesting project.

• Hold the interim presentations earlier, so there is more time to process the feedback.

• Relevance of the drawing skills training was unclear.

7.2 140

HġłŅĩŪäġäĢőʼn͢ • The technical drawing skill will be removed from this course and will be placed in another course.

WRITTEN BY 1ȳȳǚǘǢȨ &ǝǚǙǘ

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Hephtig: De Diskjockey De DJ maakt de sfeer op een feestje, maar hoe doet hij of zij dat eigenlijk? 'Ģ ūÁő ŪĩäŅő àĆä #U àÁÁŅ ÁěěäġÁÁě ŖĆő ÁÚĂőäŅ àĆä àŅÁÁĆőÁùäěͧ GESCHREVEN DOOR ,ȳǚǟȨǞ 1ȨǣǢȨǚ

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Association

Je kent het wel, je staat op Stratumseind lekker te dansen, maar het liefste zou je toch nog eventjes dat ene nummertje willen horen waar je met je vriendengroep zo lekker op gaat. Je ėĐėő ŹĩäėäĢà ĩġ Ĕä ĂääĢ äĢ ĔÁūäě͡ àÁÁŅ ÁÁĢ àä ÁĢàäŅä ėÁĢő ŪÁĢ àä ėŅĩäú ʼnőÁÁő ĂĐ͡ àä #U van vanavond. Je baant je een weg door de dansende menigte en je vraagt het hitje aan.

Ook deze keer ontvang je weer het welbekende ΋Ćė ŹÁě äŪäĢ ėĐėäĢΌ äĢ Ĕä úÁÁő Ūĩě Ăĩĩł őäŅŖú naar je vriend(inn)en. En jawel hoor, niet veel later sta je met de hele kroeg uit volle borst mee őä ÙěñŅäĢ ΋DÁĢàäĢ ĆĢ àä ěŖÚĂő ŪĩĩŅ Ăäő ùŖĆƔäͥΌ͠ Jouw avond is compleet.

er continu muziek afgespeeld kan worden.

Door de jaren heen werden clubs en disco’s populairder en kwam er gespecialiseerde djapparatuur op de markt. Waar er voorheen ÁěőĐà úäłŅÁÁő ġĩäʼnő ūĩŅàäĢ őŖʼnʼnäĢ àä łěÁőäĢ door, konden de nummers nu soepel in elkaar worden gemixt.

Geschiedenis

Mixen, hoe werkt dat?

ZÁőäĢ ūä ÙĐ Ăäő ÙäúĆĢ ÙäúĆĢĢäĢ͡ ūÁĢő ūÁÁŅ ėĩġő àä Ăäěä őäŅġ #U äĆúäĢěĐė ŪÁĢàÁÁĢͧ #ä őäŅġ #U ʼnőÁÁő ŪĩĩŅ ΋àĆʼnėĔĩÚėäűΌ äĢ ŪĆĢàő ŹĐĢ ĩĩŅʼnłŅĩĢú ĩł àä ŅÁàĆĩ͠ ΋#ĆʼnėΌ ʼnőÁÁő ŪĩĩŅ àä plaat (LP), en een jockey is een bestuurder van ÙĐŪĩĩŅÙääěà ääĢ ġÁÚĂĆĢä͠ #ä őäŅġ ūäŅà ĆĢ ̧̡̟̣ voor het eerst gebruikt om de radio-omroeper `ÁŅőĆĢ ěĩÚė őä ÙäʼnÚĂŅĐŪäĢ͠ DĐ ūÁʼn àä ääŅʼnőä radio-omroeper die bekend werd door het draaien van populaire muziek. Vervolgens ŪĩĢà ĆĢ ̧̢̡̟ Ăäő ääŅʼnőä àÁĢÚäùääʼnő łěÁÁőʼn͡ äĢ in 1947 kwam er iemand op het idee om twee łěÁőäĢʼnłäěäŅʼn őäúäěĐėäŅőĐà őä úäÙŅŖĆėäĢ͡ ŹĩàÁő

Het doel van een DJ is om continu muziek te àŅÁÁĆäĢ ŹĩĢàäŅ àÁő äŅ ääĢ ʼnőĆěőä ŪÁěő͡ ÙĐŪĩĩŅÙääěà door nummers in elkaar over te laten gaan.

DĆäŅŪĩĩŅ ŹĐĢ ŪäŅʼnÚĂĆěěäĢàä ġÁĢĆäŅäĢ͠ Een techniek die vaak wordt gebruikt is ÙäÁőġÁőÚĂäĢ͡ ĂĆäŅÙĐ ŹĩŅúő àä #U äŅŪĩĩŅ àÁő beide nummers dezelfde snelheid hebben.

Deze snelheid wordt uitgedrukt in BPM (beats łäŅ ġĆĢŖőäʹ͠ ¨äŅŪĩěúäĢʼn Ćʼn Ăäő ĩĩė ÙäěÁĢúŅĐė dat de timing klopt. Door een nummer op het juiste moment te starten, met de juiste BPM, kan een DJ de beats als het ware “over elkaar ĂääĢ ěäúúäĢΌ͠

Rond 1975 begon in New York de hiphopcultuur ŹĆÚĂ őä ŪĩŅġäĢ͠ DĆäŅÙĐ ūÁʼn àä Ņĩě ŪÁĢ àä #U äŅú ÙäěÁĢúŅĐė͠ #ä ÙäėäĢàä őäÚĂĢĆäėäĢ ŹĩÁěʼn scratchen en het loopen van een beat, heen en weer mixen tussen twee platenspelers met àäŹäěùàä łěÁÁő͡ ŹĐĢ ĂĆäŅàĩĩŅ ĩĢőʼnőÁÁĢ͠

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Association

De draaitafel Door de jaren heen is het materiaal waarmee gewerkt ūĩŅàő ŅäàäěĐė ŪäŅÁĢàäŅà͠ Däő ġäŅė ĆĩĢääŅ ěĐėő àä ÁùúäěĩłäĢ ĔÁŅäĢ àä ʼnőŅĐà őä ĂäÙÙäĢ úäūĩĢĢäĢ͡ ÁÁĢúäŹĆäĢ àĆő äĆúäĢěĐė ĩŪäŅÁě àä ʼnőÁĢàÁÁŅà ʼnäő Ćʼn àĆä gebruikt wordt. Deze draaitafel ziet er als volgt uit.

Om de overgang vervolgens goed te laten klinken worden er allerlei trucjes toegepast. Je kunt er ÙĐŪĩĩŅÙääěà ŪĩĩŅ ėĆäŹäĢ ĩġ ūÁő őä ʼnłäěäĢ ġäő àä hoge, middelste en lage tonen. Vaak wordt er gekozen om het volume van de hoge of lage tonen van een van de twee nummers te verminderen, waardoor ze minder interfereren en er minder ongewenste modulatie ontstaat. äÁőġÁőÚĂäĢ ŹŖě Ĕä ūÁő ġääŅ őäŅŖú ĂĩŅäĢ ÙĐ #UΎʼn die in hetzelfde genre muziek, en dus ook ongeveer àäŹäěùàä `ͿŅÁĢúä͡ ÙěĐŪäĢ͠ DĩŖʼnäġŖŹĆäė ěääĢő ŹĆÚĂ ĂĆäŅ ÙĐŪĩĩŅÙääěà úĩäà ŪĩĩŅ͡ ÁÁĢúäŹĆäĢ Ūääě ĢŖġġäŅʼn hetzelfde tempo hebben.

In feest cafés en kroegen hoef je meestal een wat minder samenhangende set te verwachten. Als er allerlei soorten hitjes en meezingers gedraaid worden Ćʼn ÙäÁőġÁőÚĂäĢ úääĢ ġÁėėäěĐėä ĩłőĆä ġääŅ͠ HĢ àäŹä situatie wordt er vaak gebruik gemaakt van een wat ÁÙŅŖłőäŅä ĩŪäŅúÁĢú͠ 'Ņ ėŖĢĢäĢ ÙäłÁÁěàä äƅäÚőäĢ gebruikt worden om snel maar soepel van het ene ĢÁÁŅ Ăäő ÁĢàäŅä ĢŖġġäŅ őä úÁÁĢ͠ 'ƅäÚőäĢ Áěʼn äÚĂĩ äĢ àäěÁű ŹĐĢ àä őĩĩěʼn àĆä ĂĆäŅÙĐ ŪÁÁė úäÙŅŖĆėő ūĩŅàäĢ͠ Hiermee kan de overgang als het ware geïntroduceerd worden. Een nogal extreem voorbeeld hiervan is de toeter waarmee de gebroeders scooter hun nummers introduceren.

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Ten eerste valt het op dat de set uit drie losse apparaten bestaat: Twee CD/USB spelers en een mixer. Voor de volledige functionaliteit wil ik je toch ŪŅĆäĢàäěĐė ŪäŅūĐŹäĢ ĢÁÁŅ úĩĩúěä͠Úĩġ͡ ġÁÁŅ ääĢ aantal van de basisfuncties zal ik even uitleggen. gġ őä ÙäúĆĢĢäĢ ÙĐ àä ěÁű äĢ Ŗä ėĢĩłłäĢ͠ #Ćő ŹĐĢ àä ėĢĩłłäĢ ěĆĢėʼnĩĢàäŅ ĩł àä ʼnłäěäŅʼn͡ äĢ ŹĐĢ äĆúäĢěĐė Ăäő ġääʼnő ÙäěÁĢúŅĐėͣ Ĕä úäÙŅŖĆėő Źä ĢÁġäěĐė ĩġ àä ġŖŹĆäė őä ʼnőÁŅőäĢ͡ äĢ àÁő Ćʼn ūÁÁŅ Ăäő ŖĆőäĆĢàäěĐė allemaal om draait. Het verschil tussen de twee is dat op het moment dat je de play knop gebruikt, de ġŖŹĆäė ÙäúĆĢő őä ʼnłäěäĢ äĢ ĩĩė ÙěĐùő ʼnłäěäĢ͠ #ä Ŗä knop laat de muziek afspelen zolang je hem ingedrukt houdt. Laat je hem los, dan stopt de muziek en springt de muziek weer naar het begin. De Cue knop is vooral ĂÁĢàĆú ÙĐ Ăäő ŪĩĩŅͿÙäěŖĆʼnőäŅäĢ ŪÁĢ ġŖŹĆäė͠ Aan de andere kant van de speler zit de tempo slider. #äŹä ūäŅėő äĆúäĢěĐė äŅú ʼnĆġłäě͢ Áěʼn Ĕä àäŹä ŪäŅʼnÚĂŖĆùő verandert het tempo van de spelende track. Deze ʼněĆàäŅ Ćʼn äŅú ÙäěÁĢúŅĐė ÙĐ Ăäő ääŅàäŅúäĢĩäġàä beatmatchen, want hiermee kun je van beide nummers de beats met elkaar matchen.

Het grootste deel van de speler wordt in beslag genomen door het zogenaamde Jogwheel. Met het Jogwheel wordt er geprobeerd om de draaiende plaat van een platenspeler na te bootsen. Je kunt hem gebruiken om door het nummer heen te scrollen àĩĩŅ äŅÁÁĢ őä àŅÁÁĆäĢ͠ #ä ġääʼnőä ġäĢʼnäĢ ŹŖěěäĢ ÙĐ Ăäő UĩúūĂääě ġäőääĢ àä ĢäĆúĆĢú ėŅĐúäĢ ĩġ äŅ ġää te gaan scratchen. Dit wordt over het algemeen niet äÚĂő úäūÁÁŅàääŅà àĩĩŅ Ăäő łŖÙěĆäė͡ őäĢŹĐ Ĕä Ăäő ĩĩė àÁÁàūäŅėäěĐė ėŖĢő ĢÁőŖŖŅěĐė͠

Education

ACD-PROJECT

Design projects for the department ME WRITTEN BY 1ȳȳǚǘǢȨ &ǝǚǙǘ

Interdisciplinary teams are becoming more and more important in this modern ūĩŅěà àŖä őĩ őĂä ĆĢÚŅäÁʼnĆĢú àäʼnĆúĢ ÚĩġłěäŰĆőű ĩù łŅĩàŖÚőʼn͠ HĢ ĩŅàäŅ őĩ ƈĢà ʼnĩěŖőĆĩĢʼn ùĩŅ őĂäʼnä ÚĩġłěäŰ àäŪäěĩłġäĢőʼn͡ àĆƅäŅäĢő ÙÁÚėúŅĩŖĢàʼn ʼnĂĩŖěà ūĩŅė őĩúäőĂäŅ ÁĢà share their knowledge.

Mechanical Engineers play a central role in this process, Áʼn őĂäĆŅ ėĢĩūěäàúä ÁĢà ʼnėĆěěʼn ÁÚŅĩʼnʼn àĆƅäŅäĢő ƈäěàʼn ĩù science and engineering makes them particularly suited to participate in, oversee and guide all steps of the design process. Therefore, the department of Mechanical Engineering has come up with an Advisory Committee for Design (ACD), who select projects to promote and motivate interdisciplinary research within the department of Mechanical Engineering.

The ACD is appointed by the board of the department of Mechanical Engineering. The aim of the ACD is to support the start of new intersectional design projects with a strong interdisciplinary character.

Faculty of the department can propose an interdisciplinary design project once a year. The proposals must be based on a Mechanical Engineering design team and involve at ěäÁʼnő őūĩ àĆƅäŅäĢő ŅäʼnäÁŅÚĂ úŅĩŖłʼn͡ őĂä łĩʼnʼnĆÙĆěĆőű ùĩŅ Á Ă#ͿłŅĩĔäÚő ÁĢà ĆĢŪĩěŪä ` ÚͿ ÁĢàͭĩŅ Ú ƈĢÁě łŅĩĔäÚőʼn͠ These projects are judged by the ACD regarding design nature, quality of the project and level of interdisciplinarity.

The winner receives support to develop the plan of their submission.

This call for projects is a new initiative of the department ÁĢà ěÁʼnő űäÁŅ ūÁʼn őĂä ƈŅʼnő łĩʼnʼnĆÙĆěĆőű ùĩŅ őäÁġʼn őĩ Úĩġä Ŗł with a proposal. On last year’s call, three interdisciplinary teams have sent in a project, namely:

1.

2. ̡͠

#äʼnĆúĢ ĩù Á ̡# łŅĆĢőäŅ őäʼnőÙäà ùĩŅ Úěĩʼnäà ěĩĩł ÚĩĢőŅĩěěäà VAT photopolymerization additive manufacturing (CST-DSD + MoM-CEM) Next-gen imaging catheters: a design-through-analysis approach (ET-TFE + MoM-CEM) Design of a high-temperature SLS AM printer for performance polymers (PT-CEM + CST-DSD + ET-TFE)

The ACD has chosen the third proposal, the design of a high-temperature SLS AM printer for performance polymers. SLS stands for selective laser sintering, which is one of the oldest additive manufacturing methods. SLS uses a high power laser to fuse polymeric powders into a mass in the desired three-dimensional shape. Nowadays, all SLS products are made with the polymer polyamide-12.

The disadvantage of this polymer is that the products have a rough surface and are not waterproof, which has a negative äƅäÚő ĩĢ őĂä ġäÚĂÁĢĆÚÁě łäŅùĩŅġÁĢÚä͠ Ăä ÚĂÁěěäĢúä ĩù this project is to design a next-generation SLS printer with adjustable processing conditions and control parameters, ʼnŖÚĂ őĂÁő Á ūĆàä ŅÁĢúä ĩù łĩěűġäŅʼn ūĆőĂ àĆƅäŅäĢő łŅĩłäŅőĆäʼn can be printed.

Does this sound interesting? This year, the ACD will again issue a call for interdisciplinary design projects. This new call will soon be announced!.

13

STARSHIP, OUR RIDE TO MARS? WRITTEN BY *ǚȨȨǡ .ȳǞǙȨǞ

SpaceX shows potential of their newest and greatest interplanetary transport system.

Within the next decade company CEO Elon Musk hopes to make the longtime dream of exploring our closest and most well known planets a reality. The Starship MK-series is supposed to provide us Earthers a path to Mars-colonization in the near future, but is that the right move?

Starship. It sounds like some kind of spaceship that your ùÁŪĩŅĆőä ʼnŖłäŅĂäŅĩäʼn ùŅĩġ ʼnĩġä Dĩěěűūĩĩà ʼnÚĆͿƈ ġĩŪĆä Ŗʼnä to travel through time and space to stop the bad guys, loaded with laser guns and a functioning hyperdrive to reach stars many lightyears away. Actually, the real meaning is maybe just as exciting, although also a little bit more realistic. Starship is the name of the spaceship that is supposed to bring people to Mars and eventually our entire solar system. But unlike ÙäùĩŅä͡ őĂĆʼn őĆġä őĂä ƈŅʼnő łŅĩőĩőűłäʼn ÁŅä ÁěŅäÁàű łĂűʼnĆÚÁěěű built and if tests work out as planned, the next Neil Armstrong might just as well start selecting his or her spacesuit. The company responsible, the private space innovation company łÁÚä®͡ łěÁĢʼn őĩ ěÁŖĢÚĂ Á ġÁĢĢäà ƉĆúĂő őĩ őĂä ġĩĩĢ ŖʼnĆĢú őĂäĆŅ Ģäū ƉÁúʼnĂĆł Ùű ̡̠̞̠͠ Hù őĂÁő őŖŅĢʼn ĩŖő ūäěě͡ őĂäĢ ūĂĩ ėĢĩūʼn ūĂäĢ ūä úäő ĩŖŅ ƈŅʼnő ÁÚőŖÁě ùĩĩőÁúä ĩù łäĩłěä ŅĩÁġĆĢú the Martian deserts? How are they going to achieve it and is it safe for human - and even alien life to set foot on Mars?

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Experts still have their doubts and questions regarding human interference with the Martian atmosphere. What are the options and what challenges have we yet to fully tackle?

ZäőΎʼn ʼnőÁŅő ūĆőĂ őĂä ʼnĂĆł Ćőʼnäěù͠ Ăä ƈŅʼnő łŅĩőĩőűłä ūÁʼn ÁÚőŖÁěěű already shown in 2016. Ideas were put forward by Elon Musk about the futuristic concept of an interplanetary spaceship, a spacecraft that could transport people to planetary surfaces and even more importantly, bring them back. Up until now, they have been relatively silent about their progress, but videos from their simulations and small tests have already shown plenty of promise. The list of people willing to put őĂäĆŅ ěĆùä ĩĢ őĂä ěĆĢä őĩ Ùä őĂä ƈŅʼnő ĂŖġÁĢ ŪĆʼnĆőĩŅ őĩ őĂä most famous foreign planet continuously keeps growing. Of course, no expedition should be planned before the company can guarantee a safe return, but this promise of safety can only hold until so far. Firsts have never been completely free of risks, especially when they include space travel. So what is required for a mission to Mars?

Tech

ME

ÙĩŪä őĂä H ÙĩĩʼnőäŅ Ćʼn àĆʼnłěÁűäà͡ ÚÁłÁÙěä ĩù ÙŅĆĢúĆĢú őĂä ġÁĢĢäà ʼnĂĆł őĩ ʼnłÁÚä͡ ūĂĆěä ʼnÁùäěű ŅäőŖŅĢĆĢú őĩ 'ÁŅőĂ ĩĢ Ćőʼn ĩūĢ͠

The mission ġĆʼnʼnĆĩĢ őĩ őĂä ġĩĩĢ ĆĢ ̡̠̞̠͡ ĩù ÚĩŖŅʼnä͡ ʼnĩŖĢàʼn łŅĩġĆʼnĆĢú͡ but we have already done that in 1969. After the cold war, the spendings of the biggest space companies have relatively reduced. It is, therefore, no surprise that right now private companies like SpaceX have the resources to work together closely with more reformed space companies like NASA to save costs and keep making progress. Now that it is an option to refuel in space, travels to locations further away in our solar system belong to the possibilities.

It started with the ITS (Interplanetary Transport System) in 2016. The ship consisted of three main parts: the ITS Booster, the manned ship and the refueling ship. The booster was a reusable rocket that would bring the remaining two parts into space. Using its thrust rockets as brakes during the way àĩūĢ͡ Ćő ÚĩŖěà ʼnÁùäěű ěÁĢà ÁĢà Ùä łŅäłÁŅäà ùĩŅ ÁĢĩőĂäŅ ƉĆúĂő in the future. The same goes for the tankship. After arrival in space, the tankship will transport fuel to the manned ship, after which the tankship also returns to Earth to safely return to the garage. This seems like a stretch. Why would you launch another ship into space, just to refuel the main ship and go back? The main reason for that is cost reduction and keeping the dimensions of the main ship within the desired constraints.

Lastly, there are the smaller rockets attached to the ship, the ITS Raptors. They serve the purpose of keeping the manned ship in the right direction. They serve as thrusters and since they are relatively high in numbers, they can provide thrust in the axial direction as well as help the ship steer or rotate. In 2017 the BFR was presented, which served as an upgrade of the ITS. It was reduced in overall size and even thrusting power.

However, technological enhancements made the ship more maneuverable, as the thrusters could be aimed in multiple directions. The raptors were heavily reduced in size and ʼnőŅäĢúőĂ ÁĢà őĂä ĩŪäŅÁěě ʼnĂĆł ʼnĆŹä ūÁʼn ŅäàŖÚäà ʼnĆúĢĆƈÚÁĢőěű͠ Instead of around a hundred, now there was place for forty

łäĩłěä͠ ùőäŅ ʼnĩġä ʼněĆúĂő ÙäőūääĢ ġĩàĆƈÚÁőĆĩĢʼn ĆěěŖʼnőŅÁőäà

by Elon Musk, the design of the Starship MK1 was eventually łŅäʼnäĢőäà őĩ őĂä ūĩŅěà ĆĢ äłőäġÙäŅ ĩù ̧̠̞̟͠ ;ĩŅ ƉĆúĂőʼn ÚěĩʼnäŅ to Earth, up to 10000 km, the super-heavy rocket, the launch rocket that returns to Earth after the manned part reaches space, was not necessary anymore. Some extra Raptors together with the Starship’s main engines could compensate for the lack of the launch rocket. The six available raptors on the main ship, of which three are optimized for sea-level and three for vacuum conditions, provide a thrust of around 12,000 KN. What is interesting is that the hydraulic pumps used to control the orientation of the tail-wings are powered Ùű őĂä ʼnÁġä ÙÁőőäŅű łÁÚė Áʼn äʼněÁΎʼn `ĩàäě ̡͡ ʼnĂĩūĆĢú őĂä Úěĩʼnä connections between the two Elon Musk led companies.

ĩ őäʼnő őĂä őĂŅŖʼnőäŅʼn ĩù őĂä őÁŅʼnĂĆł͡ őĂä őÁŅĂĩłłäŅ ūÁʼn ěÁŖĢÚĂäà ̟̣̞ ġäőäŅʼn ĂĆúĂ ÙäùĩŅä ʼnÁùäěű ŅäőŖŅĢĆĢú őĩ őĂä ʼnŖŅùÁÚä

15

ME

Tech

ĩ łŅĩőäÚő őĂä `ÁŅőĆÁĢ ʼnŖŅùÁÚä ùŅĩġ DŖġÁĢ ĆĢőäŅùäŅäĢÚä͡ äńŖĆłġäĢő Ćʼn ÙŖĆěő ĆĢ Á Úĩġłěäőäěű ÚĩĢőÁġĆĢÁőĆĩĢͿùŅää äĢŪĆŅĩĢġäĢő͠

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The Martian Ecosytem

Conclusion

The technical advancements seem promising. If the project is managed properly and the tests show good results, it is no Ùĩěà łŅäàĆÚőĆĩĢ őĩ ʼnőÁőä őĂÁő ūĆőĂĆĢ őäĢ űäÁŅʼn ūä ĂÁŪä ĩŖŅ ƈŅʼnő people on Mars, if not sooner. However, apart from actually getting there, there is more to the story to keep in mind. Mars is probably the closest planet to earth, together with some moons from Saturn or Jupiter, that could store or could have stored forms of life within the surface or atmosphere. Since we have yet to retrieve samples from the Martian surface, it could very well be that certain microbes still exist, signaling that there have been or will eventually be advanced forms of organisms. People from Earth could unwillingly contaminate the Martian ecosystem with microbes from our planet, àĆʼnŅŖłőĆĢú łĩʼnʼnĆÙěä ƈĢàĆĢúʼn͠ ¯ĩŖ ÚĩŖěà ÚĩġłÁŅä Ćő ūĆőĂ a super-advanced alien capable of ruining cities, coming to Earth to check on the survivability of the atmosphere, because yes, technically we are some sort of aliens to Mars. So while there are arguments for leaving the Martian soil as it is, the exact opposite is also arguable. Purposely contaminating Mars with small, basic microbes from Earth could on the ěĩĢú őäŅġ ÁƅäÚő őĂä `ÁŅőĆÁĢ ÁőġĩʼnłĂäŅä őĩ Ùä ġĩŅä ěĆėä Earth. Building a colony on Mars could be more convenient if for example the available oxygen in the Martian air would be increased. An actual breathable atmosphere on Mars is still fantasy, but the base could be set already. This method of inhabiting other planets, however, is against regulations that NASA has introduced a while back. There are even many engineers working full time at NASA to make sure that human waste does not interfere with possible alien life. Intentional contamination would violate these space-laws.

Whether we will actually be colonizing Mars in the near future has yet to be seen. The past shows that initial planning has often been too ambitious. Projects in the past often fell behind schedule, as there was a lack of budget or details that have been overlooked. NASA, for example, is still waiting for their promised spacecraft to transport people to and from the ISS from American Soil. Apart from some failed tests by SpaceX and Boeing, there has not been much achievement.

Nevertheless, global interest has not declined. Quite the opposite, now that these private space companies are alerting the population on the current progress, hope rises that many will see the Mars Landing within their lifetime. Fortunately, SpaceX is not the only company working on the futuristic idea of going to Mars. There is, of course, the Chinese Space Program, which is more under the radar, but could just as well be working on an interstellar spacecraft. Then there is Amazon, one of the wealthiest companies right now, that is also experimenting with their space program Blue Origin.

ZÁőäŅ őĂĆʼn űäÁŅ͡ őÁŅʼnĂĆł ūĆěě ʼnőÁŅő ūĆőĂ Ćőʼn ƈŅʼnő ʼnŖÙĩŅÙĆőÁě ƉĆúĂő͠ aäŰő űäÁŅ͡ őĂä ʼnłÁÚäÚŅÁùő Ćʼn ʼnŖłłĩʼnäà őĩ äĢőäŅ ʼnłÁÚä ùĩŅ őĂä ƈŅʼnő őĆġä͠ ;ĆĢúäŅʼn ÚŅĩʼnʼnäà͡ `Ŗʼnė Ăĩłäʼn őĩ ÙŅĆĢú őĂä ƈŅʼnő ÚŅäū ĆĢőĩ ʼnłÁÚä Áʼn ūäěě ĆĢ ̠̞̠̞͠ Ŗő ÙäùĩŅä ʼnĩġä actual interstellar planetary landings are realized, at least ùĩŖŅ őĩ ƈŪä űäÁŅʼn ūĆěě ĂÁŪä łÁʼnő͠ ĩ ùĩŅ Ģĩū͡ ĆĢ ĩŅàäŅ őĩ ʼnää Á Starship in action, you may as well have to actually watch that Hollywood movie, but within a respectable time frame, the non-commercial television might be broadcasting it.

Education

ACADEMIC ADVISOR Heidy Keepers Hi, I’m Heidy Keepers and I’m the academic advisor for the second and thirdyear bachelor’s Mechanical Engineering.

I have always loved working with students. I think it’s inspiring, most rewarding and very energizing.

Guiding students during their bachelor program and with their future career choices can be very satisfying.

Especially since students at Mechanical Engineering have such beautiful ambitions and work on most interesting, innovative subjects, often with a large impact on societal issues. I’m proud if I can even make a small contribution in guiding, helping or even empowering students in every possible way to reach their goals and their dreams.

Before I started working as an academic advisor at Mechanical Engineering, I worked at CEC, the Communication Department of TU/e, for 25 years. So to me, this was a major career switch.

In my new role as an academic advisor I can help, guide and inform you about all study ŅäěÁőäà ńŖäʼnőĆĩĢʼn ĩù őĂä ̠Ģà ÁĢà ̡Ņà űäÁŅ bachelor program Mechanical Engineering.

So if for example you have questions about your elective program, your study progress or planning, your exams, or opportunities for Exchange abroad, but also when you get stuck for any reason or have personal problems, you can contact me. I can also advise you or provide you with information about training courses or other facilities that can support you along the way.

Most importantly know that my door is open to you. So if you have any questions or ÚĩĢÚäŅĢʼn őĂÁő ÁƅäÚő űĩŖŅ study program? Just email ġä͡ àŅĩł Ùű ġű ĩƆÚä͡ or even better, make an appointment online, to make sure that I have time for you. I am very much looking forward to working with you and will support you wherever and whenever possible.

Good luck with your bachelor program! Make your dreams come true! And make sure to have a fantastic time at ME, a time to remember!

DäĆàű WääłäŅʼn <äġĆĢĆͿ ĩŖőĂ ̟̟͠​̟̦ ÁÚÁàäġĆÚ͠ÁàŪĆʼnĩŅ͠ÙġäÚĂϝőŖä͠Ģě

17

INTERNSHIP IN VANCOUVER A journey of half a year

WRITTEN BY 7.367 :%2 %(6-',)1

A while ago when I was still living in Vancouver, I wrote an article about living in Vancouver and what daily life is like. Now that I am back it seems more than right to write another article, this time about my amazing experiences, incredible adventures and perhaps something about my internship project.

Once I knew that I was going to Vancouver, I applied for the VIRS program (Visiting International Research Student) at the University of British Columbia (UBC). Via one out of many Facebook housing groups, I already reserved a room to live in. The arrival on itself was cool because Vancouver welcomed me with 10 cm of snow. My taxi driver told me that it was 8 years ago when that happened in the city. The fresh layer of snow created a very spontaneous meeting with my roommates. I met one of them in the early morning, and after a shopping trip, I met the rest in the middle of a ʼnĢĩūÙÁěě ƈúĂő͠ gù ÚĩŖŅʼnä͡ H ĔĩĆĢäà ÁĢà őĂÁő Ćʼn Ăĩū H ġäő ġĩʼnő ĩù őĂäġ͠ HΎŪä ʼnłäĢő őĂä ƈŅʼnő ūääė ĆĢ ¨ÁĢÚĩŖŪäŅ ġĩʼnőěű dealing with a jet lag and taking small trips in Vancouver, to see the surroundings and explore the city.

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After a week of being at the UBC internship, I needed a distraction, so I went to Cypress Mountain for some snowboarding. With only a 1.5 hour shuttle from downtown, the drive was quite fast and pleasant. I had a whole day of sun and the fresh snow of the day before made the day very nice, and the view on the top of the mountain made the day perfect. In the Alps, you just see mountain tops everywhere and the occasional mountain lake. But here at the top, I saw ƔĩŅàʼn͡ ¨ÁĢÚĩŖŪäŅ͡ ūĂĆőä ġĩŖĢőÁĆĢ őĩłʼn͡ ÙĆú úŅääĢ ùĩŅäʼnőʼn ÁĢà őĂä őŅÁĆő ĩù <äĩŅúĆÁ͡ őĂä ūÁőäŅ őĂÁő ěäÁàʼn őĩ őĂä ÁÚĆƈÚ Ocean. It was staggeringly beautiful and it didn’t change when I returned a few weeks later.

Education

The VIRS-community, which is quite active and big, has a weekly get-together on Thursday in a bar to play bingo.

It’s free to participate and you can win shots or beers. I joined this tradition in my third week and was addicted to it right from the start, which is part of the reason that I only missed it two times until the end of my stay. It is a fun and interactive way to meet new people in the same situation as myself. I made lots of close friends on those Thursdays, and it turned out that there are more Dutchies in Vancouver than I expected. I already met a lot of those friends again back home, we even had a big reunion in November. #ŖŅĆĢú őĂä ʼnäÚĩĢà ĂÁěù ĩù `ÁŅÚĂ͡ őĂä ƈŅʼnő ʼnĆúĢʼn ĩù ʼnłŅĆĢú showed, the time to start hiking. Lighthouse Park is a great łĆäÚä ĩù ĢÁőŖŅä͡ ūĂäŅä äʼnłäÚĆÁěěű őĂä ĂŖúä #ĩŖúěÁʼn ƈŅ őŅääʼn ʼnőÁĢà ĩŖő͠ ©ĂÁő äěʼnä ʼnőÁĢàʼn ĩŖő Ćʼn őĂä àĆƅäŅäĢÚä ūĆőĂ őĂä forests in the degree of human interference. Every tree that falls over is left there, only if it lays on a walking trail a piece of the tree is cut away. Because (almost) everybody stays on the trails and the only maintenance that occurs is to make sure the trails are passable, nature really stays uninterrupted. ©ĆőĂ őĂä 'ÁʼnőäŅ ©ääėäĢà͡ H ūäĢő ĩĢ őĂä ƈŅʼnő ġŖěőĆͿàÁű trip. We drove three hours to the neighborhood of Whistler őĩ ĂĆėä őĂä UĩƅŅä ZÁėäʼn őŅÁĆě͠ ÙäÁŖőĆùŖě ĂĆėä őĂÁő łÁʼnʼnäʼn őĂä őĂŅää UĩƅŅä ZÁėäʼn ūĂĆÚĂ ÁŅä őŖŅńŖĩĆʼnä ÚĩěĩŅäà͠ Áàěű we couldn’t see that, because there was still a blanket of snow on the lakes and on the trail. However, it was still very beautiful and the snow made it much more fun to do the hike, especially on the way down. On the 27th of April, our King has his birthday and every Dutch person celebrates that.

Of course, my Dutch friends and I couldn’t skip it, even though we were in Vancouver. So we organized a King’s Night party for all our VIRS friends to let them experience a glimpse of the biggest birthday of the year.

The next long weekend was around Victoria Day, halfway in May. Split up in four parts we went with a total of 15 people őĩ ¨ÁĢÚĩŖŪäŅ HʼněÁĢà͠ ©ä ʼnőÁűäà ĆĢ ÚěŖäěäő ÁĢà ĩƈĢĩ͡ ÙĩőĂ ėĢĩūĢ ùĩŅ ʼnŖŅƈĢú ĩłłĩŅőŖĢĆőĆäʼn ÁĢà őĂä ÚěĆƅʼn Áő őĂä ÚĩÁʼnő ĩù őĂä ÁÚĆƈÚ gÚäÁĢ͠ DĆėĆĢú ÁěĩĢú őĂÁő ÚĩÁʼnő ūÁʼn őĂä ƈŅʼnő őĆġä H ʼnÁū őĂä ÁÚĆƈÚ gÚäÁĢ͠ Ăä ÚěĆƅʼn͡ ŪĆäūʼn ÁĢà ŅĩŖúĂ water were amazing to see. Other activities we did during őĂä őŅĆł ÁŅä ʼnŖŅƈĢú͡ ġÁėĆĢú ÙäÁÚĂ ÙĩĢƈŅäʼn ÁĢà őÁėĆĢú Á kayak tour, where we saw a black bear, sea lions, seals, otters and lots of eagles.

At the start of June, I went to Jasper with some friends for six days, which is the best mini-holiday I’ve had. The journey to Jasper already was amazing, we drove over the HÚäƈäěà ÁŅėūÁű͠ Hő Ćʼn Ģĩő őĂä ùÁʼnőäʼnő ŅĩŖőä͡ ÙŖő àäƈĢĆőäěű őĂä ġĩʼnő ÙäÁŖőĆùŖě͠ ©ä ʼnÁū őĂä ĩěŖġÙĆÁ HÚäƈäěà <ěÁÚĆäŅ and the Sunwapta waterfalls, which are both very big and impressive. At the glacier, signs were placed to show how much the glacier has withdrawn in the past decades due to melting, which was very confronting. In just 6 days we drove ̡̠̣̟ ėġ͡ àŖŅĆĢú őĂÁő ĔĩŖŅĢäű ūä àĆà úŅäÁő ĂĆėäʼn͡ ŪĆʼnĆőäà ÁĢà swam in cold, turquoise lakes, saw a lot of wildlife including black bears, relaxed and laughed a lot. On top of the Sulfur ėűěĆĢä őŅÁĆě͡ ūä úĩő Á ̡̤̞ͿàäúŅää ŪĆäū ĩù őĂä ÁĢÁàĆÁĢ Rockies. In every direction, you could see mountain ridges and green/brown blankets of trees as far as the eyes can reach. It’s the best view I’ve had in Vancouver and probably my lifetime (until now).

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At the end of June, I handed in my internship report. The following weekend happened to be a long weekend as well, due to Canada Day. We went on a trip to Kelowna, a beautiful area in the Okanagan valley with a great lake.

We cycled in Myra Canyon, where an old train track is ÚĩĢŪäŅőäà őĩ Á ÙĆėäūÁű͠ ĂŖúä ùĩŅäʼnő ƈŅä àäʼnőŅĩűäà őĂä ūĂĩěä ÁŅäÁ ĂäŅä ĆĢ ̠̞​̡̞ ÁĢà àŖŅĆĢú ĩŖŅ ÙĆėä ŅĆàä͡ őĂä remains of this were still very much visible. On the other hand, we could also see how new life rises and the forests ÁŅä ʼnőÁŅőĆĢú őĩ úŅĩū ÙÁÚė͠ ©ä ƈĢĆʼnĂäà őĂä ÁùőäŅĢĩĩĢ Áő the Vibrant Vine, a winery with some excellent wines ÁĢà Úĩĩě ̡#ͿěĆėä ÁŅő ĩĢ őĂäĆŅ ěÁÙäěʼn͠ gĢ `ĩĢàÁű ūä drove back to Vancouver in order to see the Canada Day ƈŅäūĩŅėʼn͡ ūĂĆÚĂ ūÁʼn ńŖĆőä ÁĢ ÁġÁŹĆĢú ʼnĂĩū͠ #ŖŅĆĢú ġű ěÁʼnő ūääėʼn͡ H ūäĢő ĩĢ Á ùäū őŅĆłʼn͠ Ăä ƈŅʼnő was a two-day hike to Panorama Ridge, with a very pleasing view over Garibaldi Lake. Another trip was őĩ ¨ÁĢÚĩŖŪäŅ HʼněÁĢà͡ ūĂäŅä ūä àĆà őĂä ÁÚĆƈÚ `ÁŅĆĢä Cycle route. It takes you to many tourist hotspots in the south of the island. We started in Victoria and did some whale watching. This was a great experience, especially because we saw a humpback whale and a pod of orcas.

Another highlight of the journey was Avatar Grove, where we saw the proclaimed world’s gnarliest tree and many other gigantic trees.

My last days in Vancouver were occupied by saying goodbye to Vancouver, the surrounding nature and all of my friends that I made by doing as many activities as possible. On the 7th of August, my amazing adventure ÚÁġä őĩ ÁĢ äĢà͡ Ćő ūÁʼn őĆġä őĩ Ɖű Ăĩġä ÁùőäŅ ʼnłäĢàĆĢú six months on the other side of the world. This describes maybe not even half of the things I’ve done in Van, but I hope that I have shown what a great place it is to live.

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Education

Internship project Ăä ƈŅʼnő àÁű ĩù ġű ĆĢőäŅĢʼnĂĆł ūäĢő Áʼn äŰłäÚőäà͠ H ūÁʼn sent to the building’s safety supervisor for some training about safety and regulation. Some parts of these pieces of training were unexpected, in particular, those about earthquakes and active shooters, topics you never hear of in a serious manner in The Netherlands. The information that within now and 200 years the ‘Big One’, an earthquake ūĆőĂ Á ġÁúĢĆőŖàä ĩù ̧̣͠͡ ūĆěě ĂĆő őĂä ÁÚĆƈÚ aĩŅőĂūäʼnő ūÁʼn not very comforting. After processing this I got assigned őĩ Á àäʼnė ÁĢà ÚĩŖěà ƈĢÁěěű ʼnőÁŅő͠ Ăä ƈŅʼnő ùäū ūääėʼn ĩù ġű łŅĩĔäÚő ūäŅä ġĩʼnőěű ƈěěäà ūĆőĂ ŅäÁàĆĢú łÁłäŅʼn͡ ŅäàäƈĢĆĢú the research goal and screwing around in the lab. My project got the title ‘Characterization of mechanical properties of alginate hydrogel tubes formed under inertial conditions’.

What I did was not that exciting or innovative, but I liked doing it.

My supervisor at the UBC has developed a device that created hydrogel tubes by an extrusion process. The hydrogel is made from alginate, a biodegradable polymer that is obtained out of seaweed. With this fabrication process, the hydrogel tubes were a lot stronger than the common production methods. My task was to prove this hypothesis with experimental data.

One part of this data is to determine Young’s modulus, which is easily obtained by the well-known tensile test.

DĩūäŪäŅ͡ Ćő ūÁʼn ĂÁŅà őĩ ƈĢà Á ʼnŖĆőÁÙěä àäŪĆÚä őĂÁő ÚĩŖěà àĩ őĂä äŰłäŅĆġäĢőʼn͠ H ĂÁà őĩ úĩ őĩ ÁĢĩőĂäŅ ùÁÚŖěőű őĩ ƈĢà something that was approximately right.

The other data that my supervisor needed was the burst pressure and hoop stress of the hydrogel tubes. I had to design my own set-up for that. There was not something commercially available that is suited for this project and it hasn’t been done much either. With some help from literature and a lot of trial and error in the lab, I did succeed in creating the set-up. I also had to design ʼnĩġä őŖÙä ƈőőĆĢúʼn őĩ ÚĩĢĢäÚő őĂä ūäÁė ĂűàŅĩúäě őŖÙä őĩ the PVC-tubes of the rest of the set-up. With access to a ̡#ͿłŅĆĢőäŅ͡ őĂĆʼn ūÁʼn ĢĆÚä őĩ àĩ͠ HĢ őĂä äĢà͡ H ūÁʼn ÁÙěä őĩ prove that the fabrication process of my supervisor indeed improves the properties of the hydrogel tubes. The elastic modulus increased almost one order of magnitude, and the hoop stress increases with half of that. The reason for őĂĆʼn ÙäĂÁŪĆĩŅ Ćʼn äŰłäÚőäà őĩ Ùä ƈÙäŅ ÁěĆúĢġäĢő àŖä őĩ őĂä ĆĢäŅőĆÁ ĆĢ őĂä Ɖĩū àŖŅĆĢú ùÁÙŅĆÚÁőĆĩĢ͡ ÙŖő H àĆà Ģĩő ĂÁŪä őĂä time nor the means to validate that with more experiments.

If you’re interested in more information, please reach out to me.

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Clutching Single vs. Double

HġÁúä Ùű͢ ŅäġäÚ

WRITTEN BY LUC KOENDERS

We all know the three pedals in a manual car: the accelerator, the brake and the clutch łäàÁě͠ äÚÁŖʼnä ĩù őĂä àĆƅäŅäĢÚä ĆĢ úäÁŅ ŅÁőĆĩʼn͡ őĂĆʼn clutch pedal is necessary to shift gears without destroying the gearbox. In regular automatic transmissions, no similar clutch is needed and thus the clutch pedal is missing, but did you know these automatic transmissions also exist with two clutches?

Transmissions in cars Ăä ƈŅʼnő ńŖäʼnőĆĩĢ őĂÁő ĂÁʼn őĩ Ùä ÁĢʼnūäŅäà Ćʼn ĩù ÚĩŖŅʼnä͡ ūĂÁő äŪäĢ is a transmission and what is its use? To answer this question, the car as a whole should be looked at. The engine is the source of power in a car. Via the transmission, power is delivered to őĂä àĆƅäŅäĢőĆÁě͡ ūĂĆÚĂ Ćʼn őĂäĢ őŅÁĢʼnùäŅŅäà őĩ äŪäĢőŖÁěěű àŅĆŪä őĂä wheels and make the car move. However, most engines need a relatively high rotational speed to operate properly. To be able to safely drive more slowly, a transmission is used to convert rotational speed and torque. By reducing the wheel speed and consequently increasing the delivered torque, cars are able to start, stop and drive slowly, which would not be able without a transmission.

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äʼnĆàäʼn ƈŰĆĢú ĆʼnʼnŖäʼn ūĂĆěä àŅĆŪĆĢú ʼněĩūěű͡ őĂä őŅÁĢʼnġĆʼnʼnĆĩĢ ÚÁĢ also be used to create higher gear ratios, which can increase the top speed of a vehicle. Compensating with torque, wheel speed can be greatly increased by using the right gear ratios. Also, a transmission can enable a car to drive backwards, which is not possible without one.

When adding a transmission, it is obvious that some system is Ģääàäà őĩ Ùä ÁÙěä őĩ ʼnūĆőÚĂ ÙäőūääĢ àĆƅäŅäĢő úäÁŅ ŅÁőĆĩʼn͠ Ăä clutch was invented for this, which temporarily disengages the engine from the drive shaft, enabling switching gear ratios. But there are multiple ways to switch gears. Besides the normal manual transmission, other transmissions were designed which are able to switch gears by themselves.

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Different transmissions

Other differences

;ĆŅʼnő ĩù Áěě͡ ʼnĩġä úäĢäŅÁě ĆĢùĩŅġÁőĆĩĢ ÁÙĩŖő őĂäʼnä àĆƅäŅäĢő systems. We are all familiar with the manual gearbox: besides őĂä ŅäŪäŅʼnä úäÁŅ őĂäŅä ÁŅä ƈŪä ĩŅ ʼnĆŰ úäÁŅ ŅÁőĆĩʼn͡ ūĂĆÚĂ ÚÁĢ Ùä chosen by operating a clutch and a gear lever. Then there is the automatic transmission, which uses sets of planetary gears to àűĢÁġĆÚÁěěű ĆĢƉŖäĢÚä őĂä úäÁŅ ŅÁőĆĩ ĩù őĂä úäÁŅÙĩŰ͠ HĢ ʼnĂĩŅő͡ this means that without ever disengaging the motor from the drive shaft, the gear ratio can be changed by using more or less sets of these planetary gears. A variation to this is the Dual ěŖőÚĂ ŅÁĢʼnġĆʼnʼnĆĩĢ͡ ūĂĆÚĂ Ćʼn ùŖĢàÁġäĢőÁěěű àĆƅäŅäĢő ùŅĩġ Ćőʼn ΋ŅäúŖěÁŅΌ ÙŅĩőĂäŅ͢ Á # Ćʼn Áěġĩʼnő ěĆėä őūĩ ġÁĢŖÁě őŅÁĢʼnġĆʼnʼnĆĩĢʼn merged into one big transmission, operating besides each other.

And with two manual transmissions, you will need two clutches.

So how does this even work?

äʼnĆàäʼn őĂä ĩÙŪĆĩŖʼn àĆƅäŅäĢÚä ĩù ÚĩĢʼnĆʼnőĆĢú ĩù Á ΋ĢĩŅġÁěΌ set of gears, contrary to the planetary gear sets of the regular ÁŖőĩġÁőĆÚ őŅÁĢʼnġĆʼnʼnĆĩĢ͡ őĂäŅä ÁŅä Á ěĩő ġĩŅä àĆƅäŅäĢÚä ÙäőūääĢ the two.

HġÁúä Ùű͢ ©ĆėĆūÁĢà

For example, while regular automatic transmissions require torque converters to make up for the sudden change in relative rotation speed of engine and drive shaft, DCTs use clutches to engage and disengage, thus eliminating the need for a torque converter.

Not needing a torque converter, the shifts between gear ratios is seamless and almost instant: it takes just a couple of ġĆěěĆʼnäÚĩĢàʼn őĩ ʼnĂĆùő ūĆőĂ Á # ͠ ĂĆʼn ĩƅäŅʼn Á ŪäŅű ÚĩġùĩŅőÁÙěä driver experience, not having to wait for a torque converter to have done its work. Besides the comfort, the instant shifting Áěʼnĩ ġäÁĢʼn Á ŪäŅű ùŖäěͿäƆÚĆäĢő ʼnűʼnőäġ͢ ūĂäĢ őĂä ġĩőĩŅ Ćʼn disengaged, all used up fuel to keep the motor running is lost, because is it not delivering any power. With the shifting being &EWMG JYRGXMSRMRK almost instant, virtually no power is lost in the process. Also, As already mentioned, a DCT basically consists of two manual with regular automatic transmissions using sets of planetary transmissions, put into one functioning whole. In this whole, gears, service is tough, because planetary gear systems are these two transmissions actually work independently of each delicate and very compact. This gives problems when having to reach the gears themselves. With DCTs using conventional ĩőĂäŅ͡ őĩ ĩƅäŅ ÚäŅőÁĆĢ ÙäĢäƈőʼn ĩŪäŅ ĩőĂäŅ őŅÁĢʼnġĆʼnʼnĆĩĢʼn͠ HĢ őĂä ƈúŖŅä ÁÙĩŪä͡ Á ʼnÚĂäġÁőĆÚ ŪĆäū ĩù Á # Ćʼn ʼnĂĩūĢ͠ DäŅä͡ helical gears, service is easier: the gears are easier to access the two separate transmissions can be clearly seen, which are and the whole system is not as intricate as with planetary gears. then combined to form one system. In the clutch part of the DĩūäŪäŅ͡ ÙäÚÁŖʼnä ĩù őĂäʼnä àĆƅäŅäĢő úäÁŅĆĢú ʼnűʼnőäġʼn͡ # ʼn ūĆěě system, either one of the clutches is engaged, meaning one wear more quickly and thus will need maintenance more often.

Also, DCT systems are mostly found transmission is active, while the in more expensive cars, making the other is free. Using a hollow shaft, the transmissions can both be operated ΋ ű ŅäàŖÚĆĢú őĂä ūĂääě ʼnłääà choice for either system not only from the same input, coming from and consequently increasing the depend on maintenance costs. őĂä ġĩőĩŅ͠ ùőäŅ ʼnäłÁŅÁőĆĢú ĩƅ ĆĢőĩ delivered torque, cars are able The best transmission? their own transmission, the two eventually come back together to őĩ ʼnőÁŅő͡ ʼnőĩł ÁĢà àŅĆŪä ʼněĩūěű͡ have a single output again. ūĂĆÚĂ ūĩŖěà Ģĩő Ùä ÁÙěä ūĆőĂĩŖő Obviously, both systems have their pros and cons. Although DCTs have a transmission” The key feature to notice is that the faster shifts, leading to a higher fuel odd and even gear ratios are split äƆÚĆäĢÚű͡ őĂäű ūĆěě ūäÁŅ ġĩŅä ÁĢà between the two transmissions. This gets us right to the point of are more expensive in general. Does this then mean that a DCT ĂÁŪĆĢú őūĩ ÚěŖőÚĂäʼn͠ ©ĂĆěä őĂä ÚÁŅ Ćʼn ĆĢ ƈŅʼnő úäÁŅ͡ őĂä ʼnäÚĩĢà úäÁŅ is obsolete? No, it is just not suitable for every situation, for all can be set up already, which means the only action left to switch łäĩłěä͠ Ģà ÁěőĂĩŖúĂ Ćő Ćʼn ŪäŅű äƆÚĆäĢő͡ ĩĢőĆĢŖĩŖʼn ¨ÁŅĆÁÙěä úäÁŅʼn Ćʼn őĩ àĆʼnäĢúÁúä őĂä ƈŅʼnő ÚěŖőÚĂ ÁĢà äĢúÁúä őĂä ʼnäÚĩĢà͠ Transmissions are coming up more and more, taking the Because no gears have to be changed in between this process, łĩʼnĆőĆĩĢ ĩù ġĩʼnő ŅäěäŪÁĢő ùŖäěͿäƆÚĆäĢő őŅÁĢʼnġĆʼnʼnĆĩĢ͠ ěőĂĩŖúĂ őĂä ʼnĂĆùő Ćʼn Áěġĩʼnő ĆĢʼnőÁĢő ūĂĆÚĂ ÙäĢäƈőʼn ÙĩőĂ łäŅùĩŅġÁĢÚä ÁĢà the future of DCTs is therefore not certain, it is the best option äƆÚĆäĢÚű͠ ùĩŅ Ģĩū͡ ŅäúÁŅàĆĢú łäŅùĩŅġÁĢÚäʼn ÁĢà ùŖäě äƈÚĆäĢÚű͠

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Photograph by: Otto van de Ven

RANGE ROVER SPORT Test track WRITTEN BY 23%, 8%&36

In recent years SUVs and crossovers have become more popular than ever across all the automotive price segments. Since the earliest days of this century premium, car manufacturers from Germany all tried to create the perfect luxury SUV. However, there was one British company which was way ahead of the pack. In the 1970s Land Rover, then ʼnőĆěě Á ÙŅÁĢà ʼnĩěäěű ùĩŅ àĆäͿĂÁŅà ĩƅͿŅĩÁà ŪäĂĆÚěäʼn͡ ĆĢőŅĩàŖÚäà őĂä ÁĢúä ĩŪäŅ͠ ěġĩʼnő ƈùőű years later Range Rover is still standing and evolved in a sub-brand containing a variety of models. In an attempt to rival sportier full-size competitors, the Range Rover Sport was brought to life. Is it any good though?

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ME

Driving In this day and age cars continuously have to use lesser amounts of fuel.

Conventionally a Range Rover of any kind would only be found with a large capacity internal combustion engine of any sort. These days are over. The ʼnłäÚĆƈÚ ġĩàäě őäʼnőäà ùĩŅ őĂĆʼn ÁŅőĆÚěä Ćʼn called the Range Rover Sport P400e.

This means that it has a 2.0 litre inline ̢ͿÚűěĆĢàäŅ äĢúĆĢä łŅĩàŖÚĆĢú ̡̞​̞ horsepower and 400 newton metre of torque. This is transmitted to the wheels by a conventional 8-speed automatic transmission. On top of this an electric engine raises the total power to 404 horsepower and 640 newton metre of torque.

All of this power is necessary to push the relatively heavy body forward. The acceleration is quite impressive for a car of these proportions and substance. It is a vehicle with many internal characters.

On the one hand, it is comfortable and the steering is light and non-communicative.

One has the feeling of wafting around on a big cloud. On the other hand, it can be a very direct and hard SUV which is capable of high cornering speeds without understeer. This transformation happens when the drive select goes into dynamic mode. This two-faced road behaviour

łäÚĆƈÚÁőĆĩĢʼn Range Rover Sport P400e Drivetrain 2.0-liter turbocharged inline 4 Gearbox 8-speed automatic gearbox Mass 2471 kg ĩūäŅ 404 hp Torque 640 Nm Acceleration (0-100) 6.7 s Price β̟̠​̡̠̥̣͡͡Ϳ

is made possible by clever electronic systems, in particular the electronic air suspension. This system can vary the ride ĂäĆúĂő ÁĢà ʼnőĆƅĢäʼnʼn ĩù őĂä ʼnŖʼnłäĢʼnĆĩĢ ùĩŅ ÁĢű ĩù őĂä äĆúĂő àĆƅäŅäĢő àŅĆŪĆĢú ġĩàäʼn͠ This can reduce or increase directness and body roll. A drawback of putting the pedal to the metal is the sound the engine makes. Even though they tried giving it a nice rumble at higher refs, to a car freak a 4-cylinder engine just does not provide the ‘eargasm’ an engine with six or eight cylinders does.

In general, the Range Rover is a lovely car to travel with. The guidance systems like blind spot detection, lane keeping assistant and adaptive cruise control help achieving that. The heads up display in its turn keeps your eyes on the road. gĢ őĂä ūĂĩěä͡ őĂä ÚĩġùĩŅő Ćʼn ġÁúĢĆƈÚäĢő ĆĢ äŪäŅű àÁű őŅÁƆÚ ÁĢà őĂä àűĢÁġĆÚ capabilities are impressive.

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Exterior This model of Range Rover has been ÁŪÁĆěÁÙěä ĩĢ ġÁŅėäő ʼnĆĢÚä ̡̠̞̟ ÙŖő úĩő Á͡ mostly aesthetic, facelift in 2018. You will ĢĩőĆÚä őĂĆʼn Ùű őĂä ùŖěě ʼnńŖÁŅäàͿĩƅ ùŖěě Z'# lights, intakes and exhaust pipes. It has a really distinct look to it, immediately recognisable as a Range Rover but way more dynamic and sporty than its larger brother. This particular example comes with a black pack, which makes details like the grill, air intakes and mirrors black as well as the rims. In my opinion, this stresses the sporty character of the car and gives it a nice aggressive touch.

Not to say that you would go unnoticed ūĆőĂĩŖő őĂĆʼn͠ Ăä ÚÁŅ Ćʼn ĔŖʼnő ʼnĂĩŅő ĩù ƈŪä meters long and two meters high. In the Netherlands this is humongous in comparison to the average car.

The air suspension can create huge úŅĩŖĢà ÚěäÁŅÁĢÚä őĩ ĆġłŅĩŪä ĩƅͿŅĩÁà capabilities. It can raise the car 65 millimetre above the base position to give it a wading depth of 850 millimetre. The àĆƅäŅäĢő àŅĆŪĆĢú ġĩàĆ Áěʼnĩ ĂÁŪä àĆƅäŅäĢő ŅĆàä ĂäĆúĂőʼn͠ Hő àĩäʼn Ģĩő úĩ ĩƅͿŅĩÁà ÚŅÁŹű ÙŖő őĂä àĆƅäŅäĢÚä Ćʼn ĢĩőĆÚäÁÙěä ūĆőĂ őĂä naked eye. More dynamic settings will lower the car and more comfortable setting will increase the height. To be honest, I think it looks best in a higher position because it seems more sturdy.

Something I like in a SUV.

Interior Once inside the Range Rover one imagines himself in a world of luxury.

There is leather and metal everywhere, which makes it feel special and of great build quality. The seats are amazing for long journeys and provide enough

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lateral support in fast corners. It has a Úĩġłěäőäěű àĆƅäŅäĢő ÁġÙĆäĢÚä őĂÁĢ őĂÁő of the German competitors though. It feels more exclusive in a way.

In the facelifted models you are greeted with three large screens around the àŅĆŪäŅ łĩʼnĆőĆĩĢ͠ Ăä ƈŅʼnő ĩĢä ŅäłěÁÚäʼn the authentic tachometers behind the steering wheel by digital ones. This screen is completely customizable and can show anything from navigation to driving modi. However, the real showpiece of the dashboard is called InControl Touch Ņĩ ÁĢà Ćő Úĩġäʼn ĆĢ őĂä ùĩŅġ ĩù őūĩ ̡̟̠͠Ϳ inch touch screens placed above one another in the center console. Together they control everything in the car. It looks really good but it takes some time to get used to. Also physical nobs work

better while driving than touch screens do, luckily the temperature of the cabin zones and the heated seats can also be adjusted with two rotating knobs. In addition to that the drive mode selector also has a physical knob. Cold hands are also a thing of the past since this model has a heated steering wheel. Úĩġłěäőäěű àĆƅäŅäĢő ÙŖő ŅäÁěěű ʼnłäÚĆÁě feature is the Meridian Signature audio ʼnűʼnőäġ͠ Hő łÁÚėʼn Á őĩőÁě ĩù ̡̠ ʼnłäÁėäŅʼn producing a total power of 1700 Watt.

Experts say it is one of the best audio systems available on any new car. I am certainly not an expert but it is overwhelming for sure! Cranking it up feels like you are in a concert hall instead of doing your daily commute. This modern work of art will set you back an extra €5000.

Tech

Hybrid Combining a combustion engine with an electric engine has come a long way the last couple of years. This also goes for the Range Rover concerned. Both engines work seamlessly together both when driving normal and going full out. If the lithium ion battery is fully charged the car should be able to do 48 kilometers fully electric according to the books. In real life it will only make this driving downhill all the way. Realistically it will get you about half way that distance. For many people still enough to get to work without using a drop of petrol. The full electric mode is especially nice in busy city centers with a ěĩő ĩù ʼnőĩł ÁĢà úĩ őŅÁƆÚ ūĂäŅä Á ĢĩŅġÁě engine would use a lot of fuel. Everything combined it will do about 1 liter per 11 kilometer. Pretty decent for a two and a

ME

half ton full size SUV. Driving like a racing driver will get you ending up with a Shell membership though.

Off-road Ăä ĩƅͿŅĩÁà ÚÁłÁÙĆěĆőĆäʼn ĩù őĂĆʼn ÚÁŅ ʼnőŅäőÚĂ way further than 99.9% of the people who buy a car like this will ever need. It starts by selecting the surface which will Ùä àŅĆŪäĢ ĩĢ͠ Ģű ĩƅͿŅĩÁà àŅĆŪĆĢú ġĩàä will open a wheel information menu. This shows multiple things. First of all it shows the gearbox setting which is selected. It is also possible to enable the twin-speed transfer box which provides lower gears for challenging conditions. Furthermore, it provides a lot of wheel information such as the vertical displacement, current steering angle and loss of traction per wheel. The menu also shows the status

ĩù őĂä ěĩÚėĆĢú àĆƅäŅäĢőĆÁěʼn ūĂĆÚĂ ÚÁĢ Ùä activated for the rear wheels or all four wheels. This makes sure the wheels have őĂä ʼnÁġä őŖŅĢĆĢú ʼnłääà ùĩŅ ĂÁŅàÚĩŅä ĩƅͿ roading.

When the air suspension is raised fully the ride height above the front axle is 278 millimeter this also enables the wade sensing mode. This makes sure you do not exceed the 850 millimeter maximum wading depth. Next to this driving down steep hills is made easy with Hill Descent Control. A kind of cruise control for descending steep hills. So a lot of úĆġġĆÚėʼn ùĩŅ ĩƅͿŅĩÁà ùŅäÁėʼn ÙŖő Á ÙĆő unnecessary in the streets of Laren.

Conclusions The Range Rover Sport P400e is a car with a broad repertoire of qualities.

The level of comfort and luxury is really high. Hour long voyages will be a very pleasant experience. The drivetrain as well as the interior quality just feels really sophisticated. However, when the dynamic mode is activated the entire driving experience changes. The ʼnŖʼnłäĢʼnĆĩĢ ěĩūäŅʼn ÁĢà ʼnőĆƅäĢʼn Ŗł͡ őĂä steering gets more direct and provides more feedback. As a result of that the entire car feels quite sporty. On top of all őĂĆʼn͡ őĂä ĩƅͿŅĩÁà ÚÁłÁÚĆőĆäʼn ÁŅä Áěġĩʼnő limitless. As a package the Range Rover Sport really amazed me. It might just be one of the best SUVs of its class.

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&ȲȰǥȨǡǞǛ *ǤǟȲǡ 4ǛǞǣȨȰǙ Breaking records with model planes Bart was able to apply his knowledge during his Bachelor Final Project for studentteam AIR/e to help them improve their model planes on the way to break ūĩŅěà ŅäÚĩŅàʼn.

WRITTEN BY 6ǝȲȲȨǚǘ 0ǝǗǕȨǚǙ

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Education

Flying with model planes. Just a hobby for some people, and not too hard a hobby to get started with as was shown in the crafting course last year, where participants got to build their own model plane. Student team AIR/e takes ƉűĆĢú ūĆőĂ ġĩàäě łěÁĢäʼn őĩ Á ĂĆúĂäŅ ěäŪäě͠ Hù űĩŖ ūÁĢő őĩ know what they do exactly, check the OpenME edition of July 2019.

'ŰÁġłěä ĩù ÁĢ '#;

The original goal of AIR/e was to break the speed record for model planes with the use of an electric motor instead of a combustion engine. This speed record is currently set at a whopping 750 km/h, but after a few Master thesis projects it turned out this goal could not be achieved. So now their objective is to ‘go as fast as possible’ and it is up to Bart Meeuwsen to design the motor for AIR/e in his Bachelor Final Project. Because ‘going as fast as possible’ is not a very tangible goal, Bart set a velocity of 250 km/h as the goal of his project. The motor he is designing is a so-called Electric Ducted Fan (EDF), which is similar to a turbine but with multiple, shorter blades and is well suited for this type of application with high velocities.

Ăä úäĩġäőŅű ĩù őĂä ġĩőĩŅ Ćʼn ʼnäő͡ ʼnĆĢÚä őĂä ÚÁŅÙĩĢ ƈÙŅä hull of the plane has already been made so for the design, Bart only has to look at the inside, consisting of the motor, rotor and stator. A previous Master’s thesis looked at the design of an EDF for a bigger model plane which would be able to reach 750 km/h and from this thesis it turned out that this goal had to be adjusted. This is due to a balance between the air resistance and thrust. In the design of ÁĢ '#;͡ űĩŖ ūÁĢő őĩ ġÁŰĆġĆŹä őĂä ÁĆŅƉĩū őĂŅĩŖúĂ Ćő͡ ūĂĆěä ėääłĆĢú őĂä ` ěĩū͡ őĩ ÁÚĂĆäŪä Á ĂĆúĂ äƆÚĆäĢÚű͠ Logically, in a bigger motor there is more air resistance and other aerodynamic losses, and they scale faster with őĂä ʼnĆŹä ĩù őĂä ġĩőĩŅ őĂÁĢ őĂä ĆĢƉĩū ĩù ÁĆŅ͠ ĩ͡ ÁĢ ĩłőĆġŖġ between these two factors needs to be reached, resulting in a choice for a smaller motor. The required EDF power ÁĢà őĂŅŖʼnő Áʼn Á ùŖĢÚőĆĩĢ ĩù őĂä łěÁĢä ŪäěĩÚĆőű ùĩŅ àĆƅäŅäĢő ŪÁěŖäʼn ĩù őĂä ÁĆŅ ŅäʼnĆʼnőÁĢÚä Ćʼn ʼnĂĩūĢ ĆĢ őĂä ƈúŖŅä ĩĢ őĂä next page. The target speed Bart has set is also shown. ʼn űĩŖ ÚÁĢ ÚěäÁŅěű ʼnää ùŅĩġ őĂä ƈúŖŅäʼn͡ ùĩŅ ěĩū ʼnłääàʼn the required power and thrust is relatively high before it drops down for higher velocity until the air resistance starts playing a bigger role and the required power and thrust go up again.

This optimum has now been calculated by Bart, resulting ĆĢ őĂä ġÁŰĆġŖġ ÁĆŅ Ɖĩū ūĂĆěʼnő ėääłĆĢú őĂä ÁĆŅ ŅäʼnĆʼnőÁĢÚä and other losses within bounds. This is partly due to the determined size of the rotor blades. The EDF is driven by a brushless DC motor, which is expensive but very well suited for this type of application. The RPM of the rotor cannot be too high, as this will cause to much stress in the blades, mainly caused by the centrifugal force and it will ÚÁŖʼnä ʼnŖłäŅʼnĩĢĆÚ äƅäÚőʼn ĆĢ őĂä ÙěÁàä őĆłʼn͡ Áʼn őĂä ŅĩőÁőĆĩĢÁě velocity of the blades is higher at the tips than in the middle. The choice for the brushless DC motor was also ĆĢƉŖäĢÚäà Ùű őĂä ÙÁőőäŅű łÁÚė őĂÁő ūÁʼn ÁěŅäÁàű łŅäʼnäĢő͠

¨äěĩÚĆőű őŅĆÁĢúěäʼn Ŗʼnäà ùĩŅ őĂä ÁʼnʼnŖġłőĆĩĢ őĂÁő őĂä ÁŰĆÁě ŪäěĩÚĆőű őĂŅĩŖúĂĩŖő őĂä äĢőĆŅä ʼnőÁúä Ćʼn ÚĩĢʼnőÁĢő

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äńŖĆŅäà łĩūäŅ ÁĢà őĂŅŖʼnő łěĩőőäà Áʼn Á ùŖĢÚőĆĩĢ ĩù őĂä łěÁĢä ŪäěĩÚĆőű

äÚÁŖʼnä őĂä ÁĢÁěűʼnĆʼn ĩù őĂä ÁĆŅƉĩū Ćʼn Ģĩő ūĆőĂĆĢ őĂä ʼnÚĩłä of this project, several assumptions about it are made. One ĩù őĂäġ Ćʼn őĂÁő őĂä ÁĆŅƉĩū ĂĆőʼn őĂä ŅĩőĩŅ ʼnőŅÁĆúĂő ùŅĩġ őĂä ùŅĩĢő͡ ʼnĩ őĂÁő őĂä Ɖĩū Ćʼn Úĩġłěäőäěű ÁŰĆÁě͠ Ģű ŅÁàĆÁě łÁŅőʼn ÁŅä ĆúĢĩŅäà͡ ġÁėĆĢú Ćő łĩʼnʼnĆÙěä őĩ ġĩàäě őĂä Ɖĩū Áʼn ̠# Áő őĂä mean radius. Another assumption is made by using velocity triangles, in which all components of the velocity of the air after it has hit a rotor blade are represented by a triangle. With the help of these triangles, it is assumed that the axial velocity throughout the entire stage is constant. A stage is what we call the rotor, the stator and the space in between the two.

Bart is now designing the stator in Siemens NX, which is easier than the design of the rotor since it is stationary. When the àäʼnĆúĢ Ćʼn ƈĢĆʼnĂäà͡ Ćő ūĆěě Ùä ̡#ͿłŅĆĢőäà ŖʼnĆĢú äěäÚőĆŪä ZÁʼnäŅ ĆĢőäŅĆĢú͠ HĢ őĂä ƈĢÁě ʼnőÁúäʼn ĩù ĂĆʼn ÁÚĂäěĩŅ ;ĆĢÁě ŅĩĔäÚő őĂä design will be tested in a wind tunnel in the TFE-lab. This wind tunnel is only capable of wind speeds up to 40 m/s whereas őĂä ġĩőĩŅ ūÁʼn àäʼnĆúĢäà őĩ Ɖű Áő ʼnłääàʼn ĩù ̥̞ ġͭʼn͠ Ăä ŅäʼnŖěőʼn of the wind tunnel tests will thus have to be scaled and data ùĩŅ őĂä ġĩőĩŅ Áő ƉűĆĢú ʼnłääà ĂÁʼn őĩ Ùä äŰőŅÁłĩěÁőäà͡ ūĂĆÚĂ some of the older students might remember doing during the propeller DBL project.

Based on these constraints the rotor was designed, which was done by designing a cross-section of it with the so-called mid span design method. Here the section of the blade is designed at the centre radius of the turbine, which is a good average to optimise with as the rotor blades are relatively short at ÁłłŅĩŰĆġÁőäěű őūĩ ÚäĢőĆġäőŅäʼn͠ Ăä àĆƅäŅäĢő ʼnłÁĢʼn ÁŅä ʼnĂĩūĢ ĆĢ őĂä ƈúŖŅä Ùäěĩū͡ ūĂäŅä Áʼn ʼnÁĆà͡ őĂä ÙěÁàäʼn ÁŅä àäʼnĆúĢäà Áő the mid span radius. äÚÁŖʼnä őĂä ěäĢúőĂ ĩù őĂä ÙěÁàäʼn Ćʼn ʼnġÁěě͡ őĂä àĆƅäŅäĢÚä ĆĢ rotational velocity between the middle of the rotor and the rotor tips is small. The rotor blades are being designed with tools from a previous Master thesis, according to NACA-65 łŅĩƈěäʼn͠ a łŅĩƈěäʼn ÁŅä úŖĆàäěĆĢäʼn ÁÚÚĩŅàĆĢú őĩ ūĂĆÚĂ ÁĆŅ foils can be designed, and the numbers behind the word can be entered into equations to precisely generate the crosssection of the airfoil. Several of these cross-sections are then stacked, which results in an arched rotor blade. This arch is łŅäʼnäĢő ĆĢ ĩŅàäŅ őĩ ÚĩġłäĢʼnÁőä ùĩŅ őĂä àĆƅäŅäĢÚä ĆĢ ŅĩőÁőĆĩĢÁě velocity along the blade.

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;ŅĩĢő ŪĆäū ĩù őĂä '#;͡ ūĆőĂ őĂä ʼnäŪäŅÁě ŅÁàĆĆ ĆĢàĆÚÁőäà

Ņä űĩŖ Áěʼnĩ àĩĆĢú ÁĢ ĆĢőäŅäʼnőĆĢú ; ÁĢà àĩ űĩŖ ūÁĢő őĩ őäěě ʼnĩġäőĂĆĢú ÁÙĩŖő Ćő ĆĢ őĂä ĩłäĢ`'ͧ ĩĢőÁÚő ŅäàÁÚőĆäϝ ʼnĆġĩĢʼnőäŪĆĢ͠őŖä͠Ģě

Association

SLITHERLINK In slitherlink, adjacent dots have to be connected along the dotted lines to form a path. This path has to be a single loop, and along the way, it cannot cross itself or branch. The numbers indicate the number of lines the square or triangle is surrounded by. Empty cells may be surrounded by any number of lines.

PUZZLE MADE BY LIANNE TUIN

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Education

Interview Harald van Brummelen

What and where did you study?

“I studied Mechanical Engineering at the University of Twente. I received my MSc here in 1997. Later, I obtained my Ph.D. from the University of Amsterdam at the Centre of Mathematics and ĩġłŖőäŅ ÚĆäĢÚä͠Ό

How did you end up at the TU/e?

“After my Ph.D., I started as an Assistant Professor at the Department of Aerospace Engineering in Delft. In 2009, there ūäŅä ƈŪä łŅĩùäʼnʼnĩŅ łĩʼnĆőĆĩĢʼn ÁŪÁĆěÁÙěä and I applied for one of the positions in Eindhoven. Upon appointment, I became a Full Professor in Multiscale 'ĢúĆĢääŅĆĢú ;ěŖĆà #űĢÁġĆÚʼn Áő ͭä͠Ό

What is the funniest moment of your student time?

“There were a lot of moments actually. I had a wonderful student time. I have to admit that the moments that come to my mind are probably not very suitable for ĩłäĢ`' ͳʼnġĆěäʼnʹ͠Ό

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Which project do you like the most?

“There are several projects that come to ġĆĢà͠ Ăä ƈŅʼnő łŅĩĔäÚő Ćʼn Á ÚĩěěÁÙĩŅÁőĆĩĢ with Océ, a printer manufacturer. I do this together with part-time professor DäŅġÁĢ ©ĐʼnĂĩù͠ HĢ őĂĆʼn łŅĩĔäÚő͡ ūä őŅű őĩ develop new numerical models relevant to the printers of Océ, such as models of drops on substrates.

Next to this, we have a large project running together with ASML. In this łŅĩĔäÚő͡ ūä őŅű őĩ ġĩàäě Ɖĩūʼn Áő ŪäŅű low pressures, almost in a vacuum.

Actually, all projects are fun. We recently completed a graduation project together with Biomedical Engineering in the context of a dual-degree diploma, which H ŅäÁěěű äĢĔĩűäà Áʼn ūäěě͠Ό

What courses do you teach?

“Within the Bachelor program, I teach the third-year course Computational Mechanics. In addition, I teach two courses within the MSc program, Advanced Engineering Mathematics and àŪÁĢÚäà #ĆʼnÚŅäőĆŹÁőĆĩĢ äÚĂĢĆńŖäʼn͠Ό

What do you like most about teaching?

“The thing I like most about teaching is that you can see it when a student makes a step forward in understanding the subject matter. I am a person who approaches problems from the fundamentals. I always say that my bad memory is one of my better qualities.

This forces me to really understand àĆƆÚŖěő ĆʼnʼnŖäʼn Áő Á ÙÁʼnĆÚ ěäŪäě͡ ūĂäŅä fewest things have to be remembered.

I encourage students to follow this approach as well in order for them to really understand what they are doing.

I really like it to see when students then ÚĩġłŅäĂäĢà Ćő͠Ό

What do you do besides teaching? ΋H àĩ Á ěĩő ĩù ÚĩġġĆőőää ūĩŅė ĩƅ őĂä ÚÁġłŖʼn͠ H Áġ ÚŖŅŅäĢőěű ʼnÚĆäĢőĆƈÚ àĆŅäÚőĩŅ of the Graduate School of Engineering Mechanics. This is a collaboration of the TU’s of Eindhoven, Delft, and Twente.

The aim of this organization is to establish high-level education for Ph.D. ʼnőŖàäĢőʼn ÁĢà ĩʼnőͿàĩÚʼn ĆĢ őĂä ƈäěà ĩù engineering mechanics.

I am also the secretary-general of ECCOMAS, the European Community on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences.

ĂĆʼn Ćʼn Á ʼnÚĆäĢőĆƈÚ ĩŅúÁĢĆŹÁőĆĩĢ őĂÁő organizes, symposia, workshops and conferences with the target audience of ʼnőÁƅ ÁĢà Ă͠#͠ ʼnőŖàäĢőʼn͠

Do you have any hobbies?............

“Family-life and work do not leave much time for hobbies. I am busy with my work and family 24/7. I do like to run.

That is why I run 10 kilometers every week. When you sit in your chair a lot àŖŅĆĢú ūĩŅėĆĢú ĂĩŖŅʼn͡ Ćő Ćʼn ĢĆÚä őĩ ƈĢà a balance between mental and physical activities. It helps to clear my head and I believe it enhances my creativity. A lot of úŅäÁő ĆàäÁʼn Úĩġä ùŅĩġ ŅŖĢĢĆĢú͠Ό

Do you have a good piece of advice for students?

“Eventually, it is always important to work hard and to plan well. Everyone Ģääàʼn őĩ ƈĢà ʼnĩġäőĂĆĢú őĂÁő őĂäű really want to do, intrinsic motivation is very important. This is one of my ʼnőÁĢàÁŅà ĩłäĢĆĢúʼn ĆĢ őĂä ƈŅʼnő ÚěÁʼnʼn of Computational Mechanics. As an engineer, you will be at the top of the food chain and companies will search for people who are able to solve abstract problems. That is why it is important to ƈĢà őĂä ĆʼnʼnŖäʼn őĂÁő űĩŖ ūÁĢő őĩ őÁÚėěä yourself.

WRITTEN BY 7ȳǞȰǝǚ ,ȳȲȨǘǙ

ME

Tech

DRIVING TOWARDS AUTONOMY A control perspective on Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control WRITTEN BY KEVIN GRINWIS

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A vehicle platoon is a term used to describe a string of vehicles. This system’s performance is limited for ÙŖʼnű őŅÁƆÚ ÙäÚÁŖʼnä ěÁŅúä äŅŅĩŅʼn ĩÚÚŖŅ ĆĢ őĂä ŅäěÁőĆŪä position. One way to achieve better performance is by incorporating acceleration in the control loop. When this is done, the system is called Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC).

Normally, when something is practiced very often, the one practicing it would become good at it. Although we have been driving cars for such a long time already, human inabilities remain the primary cause of accidents. Knowing this, a logical solution to reducing the number of accidents would be to automate the őÁʼnė ĩù àŅĆŪĆĢú͠ łäÚĆÁěĆʼnőʼn ĆĢ őĂä ƈäěà ĩù ÁŖőĩġĩőĆŪä are working on this. Whether autonomous cars will be implemented is more or less an ethical debate. For the ones believing in a future with autonomous cars it is interesting to know the current progress within őĂĆʼn ƈäěà ÁĢà ūĂÁő Ćʼn Ģääàäà ĆĢ ĩŅàäŅ őĩ ÁÚĂĆäŪä ùŖěěű autonomous cars.

HĢ ĩŅàäŅ őĩ Ŗʼnä äƅäÚőĆŪäěű͡ Á ġĩàäě ĩù őĂä behavior of the longitudinal vehicle dynamics is required. A typical model for the longitudinal vehicle dynamics used in CACC is that of the desired acceleration input and actual acceleration as output.

In literature, these dynamics are often modeled Áʼn Á ƈŅʼnőͿĩŅàäŅ ěĩū łÁʼnʼn ƈěőäŅ ūĆőĂ Á àäěÁű͠ ̟ ©ĂäĢ this is assumed to be the plant dynamics a control loop can be built which simulates the longitudinal vehicle dynamics. Using experiments the unknown parameters for the observed car can be determined.

If this is done, a model is obtained representing the dynamics of this car. A controller can be made for this to make sure the car behaves the way the user wants it to.

Before something useful can be said about achieving őĂĆʼn úĩÁě Ćő Ćʼn Ģääàäà őĩ àäƈĢä ΋ÁŖőĩĢĩġűΌ͠ ŖőĩĢĩġű ÚÁĢ Ùä àĆŪĆàäà ĆĢőĩ ƈŪä ěäŪäěʼn͡ Áʼn ʼnłäÚĆƈäà ĆĢ 'ͿU̡̞̟̤͠ ő ěäŪäě ̟͡ őĂä ŪäĂĆÚěä ÁŖőĩġÁőäʼn äĆőĂäŅ the longitudinal or the lateral motion, but the driver is always required to pay attention. Level 2 is fairly similar, except that now both longitudinal and lateral ġĩőĆĩĢ ÁŅä ÁŖőĩġÁőäà͠ gĢä ěäŪäě ùŖŅőĂäŅ͡ Áő ěäŪäě ̡͡ the automation system will monitor the environment and warn the driver in case of danger, but the driver still is responsible and should be able to intervene.

Beyond this level, the system performs the tasks the driver needed to perform in the lower levels meaning that the car is able to operate fully autonomously.

As stated in the levels of autonomy, being able to monitor the environment is an important requirement for autonomy. Being able to monitor the environment includes knowing where other cars on the road are located and to be able to adapt its own motion according to the obtained information. Being able to measure and visualize everything which is around the ÚÁŅ Ćʼn Á ŪäŅű àĆƆÚŖěő őÁʼnė͡ ÙŖő ÚÁĢ Ùä ÁÚĂĆäŪäà ŖʼnĆĢú Á lot of sensors.

However, when this information of the surrounding is retrieved it should be used by the car. This is where the control engineers step in. At level 1 there is already used a system called Adaptive Cruise Control which uses the information about velocity and relative position of the vehicles in the vehicle platoon in the control loop.

HġÁúä Ùű͢ ©ÁěěłÁłäŅ ;ěÁŅä

In the 18th century, several inventors were trying to ÁÚĂĆäŪä őĂä ʼnÁġä őĂĆĢú͡ ĢÁġäěű ÙŖĆěàĆĢú őĂä ƈŅʼnő ÚÁŅ͠ Hő Ćʼn Ģĩő ŅäÁěěű ÚěäÁŅ ūĂĩ ūÁʼn őĂä ƈŅʼnő őĩ ÙŖĆěà Á łŅĩłäŅ ΋ÁŖőĩġĩÙĆěäΌ͠ DĩūäŪäŅ͡ Ćő Ćʼn ÚěäÁŅ őĂÁő őĂä ĆĢŪäĢőĆĩĢ ĩù the car has made a huge impact over the years. Cars are the main means of transportation nowadays and it is hard to imagine a world without cars.

Hù Ģĩū őĂĆʼn ŖʼnäŅ͡ ĩŅ ĆĢ ĩőĂäŅ ūĩŅàʼn őĂä àĆƅäŅäĢő ĆĢłŖő signals of the control loop, is replaced by some input signals determined according to information from the vehicle platoon the car should be able to operate autonomously in the longitudinal direction. The relative position can be seen as the reference signal, while the velocity and acceleration are inputs for the feedforward of the system. Classical control theory tells us that proper feedforward in combination with a stabilizing high-performance controller results in excellent tracking behavior. Knowing this it can be concluded that the information from communication ÙäőūääĢ ŪäĂĆÚěäʼn ĂÁʼn ěÁŅúä ÙäĢäƈőʼn ĆĢ őĂä łäŅùĩŅġÁĢÚä of the vehicle.

Besides CACC there is a lot more to cover on automated vehicles. CACC uses the information on the preceding vehicle. However, when changing lanes already much more information comes into play. It can be imagined that the whole problem of automating vehicles to such extent that it is generally acknowledged to be safe is a real challenge for control engineers. But a challenge does not mean it is impossible…

HĢʼnłĆŅäà Ùű͢ ©Ăű Ćʼn ŖőĩĢĩġĩŖʼn ZĩÚÁěĆʼnÁőĆĩĢ äńŖĆŅäà ĆĢ ZÁőäŅÁě ĩĩłäŅÁőĆŪä ĩĢőŅĩěͧ ĩġ ŪÁĢ àäŅ ÁĢàä͡ UäŅĩäĢ ěĩäú ͳ agʹ͡ DäĢė aĐġäĐäŅ ΁ ' H` a'© Ăőőłʼnͭ͢​ͭäŅÚĆġͿĢäūʼn͠äŅÚĆġ͠äŖͭäĢ̧̟̞ͭʼnłäÚĆÁěͭūĂűͿ ĆʼnͿÁŖőĩĢĩġĩŖʼnͿěĩÚÁěĆʼnÁőĆĩĢͿŅäńŖĆŅäàͿĆĢͿěÁőäŅÁěͿ ÚĩĩłäŅÁőĆŪäͿÚĩĢőŅĩě

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Career

PRODRIVE TECHNOLOGIES WRITTEN BY .%2/%8-6- &332

Prodrive Technologies has been growing exponentially over the past few years. I was happy to be invited by Bjorn Jacobs for an interview. Bjorn has been working at Prodrive for more őĂÁĢ ƈŪä űäÁŅʼn͡ ÁùőäŅ úŅÁàŖÁőĆĢú ùŅĩġ `äÚĂÁĢĆÚÁě 'ĢúĆĢääŅĆĢú ĆĢ #äĢ ĩʼnÚĂ͡ ÁĢà ūÁʼn delighted to show what he does at Prodrive.

Ending up at Prodrive Technologies Bjorn got into contact with Prodrive at a ‘speed date’ event with companies. Multiple pop up stands were set up where you ÚĩŖěà ʼnłäÁė őĩ Á ŅäłŅäʼnäĢőÁőĆŪä ùĩŅ ÁÙĩŖő ƈŪä ġĆĢŖőäʼn ÁĢà őĂäĢ you would move on to the next company. There were plenty of companies present and one of them was Prodrive. Being already acquainted with a contact at Prodrive, it made it easier to get accepted into the company. From then the journey began and he is still happy with the choice he made.

Right now he works as a Designer, but that is a really general term. He is heavily involved in Research and Development, where, for example, he is currently working on a project in

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which machines that automate internal production processes are being developed. Challenges within this project include ĆĢÚŅäÁʼnĆĢú őĂä äƆÚĆäĢÚű ĩù Á łŅĩÚäʼnʼn ĩŅ úŖÁŅÁĢőääĆĢú ÚĩĢʼnĆʼnőäĢő quality. Something Bjorn enjoys is working on the statistics side of projects. Not really everyone likes doing it, but everyone has their own discipline which interests them.

“I really enjoy the process of creating a machine, testing its quality, applying statistics theory ÁĢà őĂäĢ ƈĢÁěĆŹĆĢú Ćő ūĆőĂ őĂä Ģäūěű úÁĆĢäà knowledge. “

Career

A job for everyone A project that is currently under the wing of Bjorn is about automating an assembly production that uses injected moulded polymer parts, amongst other things. A part of the process is how you mechanically connect the polymer parts to each other. ĩ àĩ őĂĆʼn͡ őĂä ʼnŖŅùÁÚä ÁŅäÁ ƈŅʼnő ĂÁʼn őĩ Ùä őŅäÁőäà ĆĢ Á łŅĩÚäʼnʼn called ‘plasma cleaning’ so that a good connection is created when the parts are glued together. Without plasma cleaning, the parts would simply not connect.

Another process which helps to connect the polymer parts to each other is heat staking. This is a bonding process where one of the two parts is heated and therefore deformed in order to create an irreversible connection.The automation of these functionalities is the main concern of Bjorn and his project members, consisting of mechanical designers, software engineers and integrators. Bjorn is now focussing on the requirements of multiple products in order to create a generic platform for all functionalities used within Prodrive to create one generic design which can be used for multiple production environments.

Questions to answer are: “What is the best way to automate this łŅĩÚäʼnʼnͧΌ ÁĢà ΋Dĩū ÚÁĢ ūä ġÁėä ʼnŖŅä őĂÁő äÁÚĂ ùŖĢÚőĆĩĢÁěĆőű àäěĆŪäŅʼn őĂä ʼnÁġä ńŖÁěĆőű Áěě ÁŅĩŖĢà őĂä ŅĩàŅĆŪä ùÁÚĆěĆőĆäʼnͧΌ The reason for projects like the automation of an assembly production line is the through-put time, high quality and process control which is required by the automotive industry.

Most of the projects that Bjorn works on are largely focused on the mechanical part, which is also his favourite part.

“It’s my favourite part of a project because I úäő őĩ Áłłěű ʼnőÁőĆʼnőĆÚʼn ÁĢà ƈĢà ĩŖő Ćù ĩŖŅ ĩūĢ łŅĩàŖÚäà łÁŅőʼn ÁŅä ūĆőĂĆĢ ʼnłäÚĆƈÚÁőĆĩĢʼn ÁĢà Ćù ĩŖŅ łŅĩÚäʼnʼnäʼn ÁŅä ĆĢ ÚĩĢőŅĩě ĩŅ Ģĩő͠Ό Bjorn really enjoys working at Prodrive Technologies. Working at Prodrive is really broad and you do not tend to do the same őĂĆĢú ÚĩĢʼnőÁĢőěűͣ őĂäŅä Ćʼn Á ÙĆú ŪÁŅĆäőű ĩù ūĩŅė͠ äʼnĆàäʼn͡ űĩŖ Áěʼnĩ get a lot of freedom. If you want to construct parts or machines, you get to. But if you prefer to work on software, you are free to àĩ ʼnĩ͠ 'ŪäŅű ʼnäÚőĩŅ äŪäĢ ĂÁʼn Ćőʼn ĩūĢ àĆŪäŅʼnä őÁʼnėʼn͡ ěĆėä ƈĢàĆĢú the right material, designing the part and testing it. The three main branches of work are either mechanical, electrical or software centred. There is not really a big distinction though ʼnĆĢÚä äŪäŅűĩĢä ĂÁʼn őĂä ʼnÁġä ÙÁʼnĆʼn͡ ĔŖʼnő Á àĆƅäŅäĢő ĆĢőäŅäʼnő͠ ¯ĩŖ do not get thrown into the deep end.

Prodrive really trusts you to take responsibility, which is heavily emphasized. Equality between colleagues is also a big factor.

Everyone is treated the same, which makes sense since everyone shares all the same facilities.

The vision I asked Bjorn about internationalization within Prodrive Technologies since the number of international studies keeps growing at the TU/e and as of January 2020, English will also be the main language. As a company, Prodrive already has complete documentation in English. The resource department also tries to hire people from outside of The Netherlands, which makes sense since they have production departments in China and the U.S.A. Bjorn emphasises that equality is important at Prodrive, ūĂĆÚĂ űĩŖ ÚěäÁŅěű ʼnää ĩĢ őĂä ūĩŅė ƉĩĩŅ͠ aĩő ĩĢěű ĆĢ őĂä ěĩúĆʼnőĆÚ and construction departments but also in the development àäłÁŅőġäĢő őĂäű ĂÁŪä Á ěĩő ĩù łäĩłěä ùŅĩġ àĆƅäŅäĢő àĆʼnÚĆłěĆĢäʼn͠ So what does Prodrive really look for in employees? Real engineers with passion. They have an Research and Development department full of young people that recently graduated.

Eindhoven is a great location for Prodrive since a lot of recently graduated students from the TU/e and Fontys directly apply there, but the last years Prodrive also has seen an increase of ĂĆŅäà úŅÁàŖÁőäʼn ùŅĩġ àĆƅäŅäĢő ÚĆőĆäʼn͠

΋©ä ĩƅäŅ ƉäŰĆÙĆěĆőű ÁĢà ŅäʼnłĩĢʼnĆÙĆěĆőű ÁĢà ūä expect that from our employees. We build the ùŖőŖŅä ĩù őäÚĂĢĩěĩúű őĩúäőĂäŅ ÙÁʼnäà ĩĢ äńŖÁěĆőű͠Ό After the interview, Bjorn gave me a small tour of the company, which really impressed me. Innovative machines, great cooperation between employees and plenty of services provided by the company like included lunch and a gym create for an awesome work environment. Prodrive Technologies seems like a great company to work and grow at as an engineer and they really try to give you freedom in what you do. All in all a great company!

Interested?

Are you interested in the projects that Prodrive Technologies works on or does the way of working appeal to you? For more information about this company and the possiblities for you within Prodrive, visit the website prodrive-technologies. com/careers. You can also send an e-mail to jobs@prodrivetechnologies.com

“Everyone around here enjoys helping you if you are encountering a challenge, you just need to őÁėä őĂä ĆĢĆőĆÁőĆŪä őĩ Áʼnė őĂä ńŖäʼnőĆĩĢʼn͠Ό

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Association

Grind my Gears Finding your inner Mechanical Engineer

WRITTEN BY 63&&)68 039;)67 %2( 6-/ 09&&)67

In the previous edition of openME the results of a quiz testing the academic insight of students around campus were published. Because a test of N=1 does not give reliable results, and the ėĢĩūěäàúä ÁĢà ūĆʼnàĩġ ĩù ʼnőŖàäĢőʼn is expected to increase over time, we decided to do another test. This time there was no bar crawl organized by our neighbours, so we had to travel far and wide to visit the other student bars.

Where most Study Associations were kind enough to have us during their (private) drink, the board of Thor suspected that their students wouldn’t be able to answer enough answers correctly so we were denied access to their bar. Luckily our editors are not quickly taken by surprise, and when there is a chance of alcohol on the horizon they become quite resourceful and were thus able to sneak in later that evening.

To check the Mechanical Engineering knowledge around the campus, the following questions were asked: 1. Name the mechanism shown. ̠͠ Dĩū ġÁĢű àäúŅääʼn ĩù ùŅääàĩġ ÁŅä ƈŰäà ĆĢ őĂĆʼn ĆġÁúäͧ ̡͠ HĢ ūĂÁő àĆŅäÚőĆĩĢ ʼnĂĩŖěà őĂä ÚĩěŖġĢʼn ŅĩőÁőä ùĩŅ őĂä ʼnĂĆł őĩ ġĩŪä ùĩŅūÁŅàͧ 4. Which crystalline structure has the highest atomic packing factor?

5. What is the so-called ‘vegetable tray principle’?

6. Is the structure shown statically determined?

Name the mechanism shown For a starter question, a simple and recognizable bike part was shown. During the beginning (as well as the end) of the drink in ‘De Weeghconst’, all Mechanical Engineers gave the correct answer. When touring the campus to ask other students, they often struggled naming the part. At the department of IE&IS almost the entire bike was named, except for the correct part: brakes, dynamos, pedal shafts, and even a fancy bell. Whereas students of Electrical Engineering, Applied Physics and Mathematics swiftly concluded that it is a (rear) derailleur. We ġŖʼnő ʼnÁű őĂÁő őĂä ÙĆėä ėĢĩūěäàúä ĩù ġĩʼnő ʼnőŖàäĢőʼn ÁŅĩŖĢà ÚÁġłŖʼn Ćʼn ńŖĆőä Ŗł őĩ àÁőä Áʼn őĂäű ƈúŖŅäà ĩŖő őĂÁő the mechanism had something to do with switching gears, but correctly naming it turned out to be the hard part.

Wrong Correct, without name Correct

38

,S[ QER] HIKVIIW SJ JVIIHSQ EVI Ƽ\IH# It turned out that technical drawings are not a familiar sight for most students, and thus this was one of the harder questions to answer for most. Students from Intermate quickly started talking about statistical DOF’s, Lucid started blabbering about freedom in general, and students from Thor had the wrong àäúŅääʼn ĆĢ ġĆĢà ūĂäŅä őĂäű őĂĩŖúĂő őĂä ġÁŰĆġŖġ őĩ Ùä ÚĩĢʼnőŅÁĆĢäà ūĩŖěà Ùä ̡̤̞ĩ͠ ĩġä àĆà ėĢĩū the correct names for the ‘sprieten’ and some realized that the triangle joint only allows for rotation and constrains all translation. However, no one except the Mechanical Engineers was able to answer correctly ͳĢÁġäěű ̣͡ őĂä ŅĩőÁőĆĢú ĔĩĆĢő ƈŰäʼn őĂŅää ÁĢà őĂä ΍ʼnłŅĆäőäĢΎ ÙĩőĂ ƈŰ ̟ʹ͠ `ÁűÙä ūä ūäŅä őĩĩ łŅäʼnŖġłőŖĩŖʼn ĆĢ assuming that technical drawings are common knowledge, or maybe other studies really aren’t that smart, who knows.

Wrong Correct

In what direction should the columns rotate to move forward? Why? A question about a topic that was surely discussed in the freshmen course about Physics that everyone has followed, so you would say that it wouldn’t be too hard to answer. Boy, were we proved wrong again. Some people got the correct answer by an educated guess, some got the wrong answer by a less-educated guess, but no one was able to give the correct explanation as to why the ship moves forward when the columns rotate ÚěĩÚėͿūĆʼnä͡ ĢĩŅ ūäŅä őĂäű ÁÙěä őĩ úĆŪä őĂä ĢÁġä ĩù őĂä äƅäÚő͠ aĩő äŪäĢ őĂä ĢÁġäʼnÁėä ĩù őĂä ƈŅʼnő ʼnÚĆäĢőĆʼnő ūĂĩ experimentally showed this to be true knew what it was. ĂĆʼn äƅäÚő Ćʼn ÚÁěěäà őĂä `ÁúĢŖʼnͿäƅäÚő͡ ūĂäŅä Ćù őĂä ūĆĢà Úĩġäʼn ùŅĩġ őĂä ěäùő ÁĢà őĂä ÚĩěŖġĢʼn ŅĩőÁőä ÚěĩÚėͿ wise, the wind in front of the column gets accelerated and the wind behind the column gets decelerated, thus generating a forward force.

Wrong Correct, guessed Correct

39

Which crystalline structure has the highest atomic packing factor? Ăä ƈŅʼnő ÁĢʼnūäŅ őĩ őĂĆʼn ńŖäʼnőĆĩĢ ūÁʼn őĂä ʼnÁġä ùĩŅ Áěě ʼnőŖàäĢőʼn äŰÚäłő ùĩŅ őĂä `äÚĂÁĢĆÚÁě 'ĢúĆĢääŅʼn͡ ĢÁġäěűͣ ΍ūĂÁő àĩäʼn ; ġäÁĢͧΎ͠ ùőäŅ őäěěĆĢú őĂäġ őĂÁő őĂĆʼn Ćʼn őĂä őĩġĆÚ ÁÚėĆĢú ;ÁÚőĩŅ͡ ÙÁʼnĆÚÁěěű őĂä äƆÚĆäĢÚű ĩù packing particles in a volume or the highest density of particles in a volume everyone answered correct quickly, but most (read: students from other technical studies such as EE or AP) then started to doubt themselves. This doubt came from their perception that ‘it cannot be that easy, so it must be a trick question’, after which they ʼnőÁŅőäà úĆŪĆĢú ūŅĩĢú ÁĢʼnūäŅʼn͠ ZŖÚėĆěű őĂä `äÚĂÁĢĆÚÁě 'ĢúĆĢääŅʼn ÁĢʼnūäŅäà ÚĩĢƈàäĢőěű ΍őĂä ŅĆúĂőͿġĩʼnő łĆÚőŖŅäΎ͠ ŅĩͿőĆł ùĩŅ űĩŖŅ äŰÁġʼn͢ ¯ĩŖŅ ƈŅʼnő úŖäʼnʼn Ćʼn ġĩʼnő ĩùőäĢ őĂä ÚĩŅŅäÚő ĩĢä͠

Body centered cubic

A (wrong) B (wrong)

Simple cubic

C (correct) No idea Face centered cubic

What is the so-called ‘vegetable tray principle’?

We must say that we were a bit disappointed by the answers that were given to this question. Only a single person was able to correctly answer it, and he wasn’t even a Mechanical Engineer but someone from the Built Environment! With the ‘vegetable tray principle’ the tube in the back of your fridge is meant, which makes a ‘box’ like your fridge torsionally rigid. People got creative while answering this question though, where the HĢàŖʼnőŅĆÁě 'ĢúĆĢääŅʼn ʼnőÁŅőäà őÁěėĆĢú ÁÙĩŖő ;H;g łěÁÚäġäĢő ĩù ŪäúäőÁÙěäʼn ĆĢ őĂä őŅÁű͡ ĩłőĆġĆŹÁőĆĩĢ ĩù őĂä Ɖĩū of hot and cold air or about the density of vegetables that can be packed in there. The creative minds of Lucid were also released on us when we asked what special thing about the vegetable tray was they answered “It is transparent and has a handle, and who determined that that would be the place to store our vegetables?’

We are still crying a little bit because the Mechanical Engineers weren’t able to answer this question correctly.

Hopefully Nick Rosielle will not read this, or he will come to haunt you in your sleep.

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Association

Is the structure shown statically determined?

Asking if the construction shown in the picture was statically determined gave a lot of weird-looking faces as a ƈŅʼnő ŅäʼnŖěő͡ ěäÁàĆĢú őĩ őĂä ńŖäʼnőĆĩĢ͢ ΋ūĂÁő àĩäʼn ʼnőÁőĆÚÁěěű àäőäŅġĆĢäà ġäÁĢͧΌ͠ After some extra explanation about the subject, more logical reasoning was done. The majority thought that the construction was statically determined, since it would be impossible to move without some form of brute ùĩŅÚä ĩŅ äŪäĢ ŅäÁʼnĩĢĆĢú őĂÁő Ćő ġŖʼnő Ùä ʼnőÁőĆÚÁěěű àäőäŅġĆĢäà ʼnĆĢÚä ʼnĩġäĩĢä őĩĩė őĂä äƅĩŅő őĩ ġÁėä Á ̡# ġĩàäě ĩù Ćő͡ ūĂĆÚĂ őĂäű ūĩŖěàĢΎő àĩ Ćù őĂä àäʼnĆúĢ ūÁʼn ƉÁūäà͠ ©äěě͡ ʼnĩŅŅű őĩ àĆʼnÁłłĩĆĢő űĩŖ͡ őĂĆʼn ūÁʼn Á ÙĆő ĩù Á őŅĆÚė question since the design is statically over-determined. Any single bar can be removed and the design will still be statically determined.

Wrong Correct reasoning, wrong anser Correct

Conclusion Ăä ƈŅʼnő ÚĩĢÚěŖʼnĆĩĢ ūä ÚÁĢ àŅÁū ùŅĩġ őĂĆʼn őäʼnő Ćʼn őĂÁő łäĩłěä Áő ĂĩŅ ÁŅä ÁùŅÁĆà őĩ úĆŪä őĂä ūŅĩĢú ÁĢʼnūäŅʼn ÁĢà ūĩŖěà őĂäŅäùĩŅä Ģĩő Áěěĩū Ŗʼn őĩ äĢőäŅ Áő ƈŅʼnő͠ äʼnŖěőʼn ÚĩĢƈŅġ ĩŖŅ ĂűłĩőĂäʼnĆʼn͡ ūĆőĂ ĩĢěű őūĩ ńŖäʼnőĆĩĢʼn answered correctly. ĂĆʼn őĆġä őĂäŅä ÁŅä ʼnŖŅłŅĆʼnĆĢú äĢőŅĆäʼn ĩù őĂä ŖĆěő 'ĢŪĆŅĩĢġäĢő ÁĢà HĢàŖʼnőŅĆÁě 'ĢúĆĢääŅĆĢú ĆĢ őĂä őĩł ̡͡ ÁĢà łłěĆäà `ÁőĂäġÁőĆÚʼn ĩĢÚä ÁúÁĆĢ ʼnĂĩūäà őĂäĆŅ úäĢäŅÁě ėĢĩūěäàúä Ćʼn ĩĢ łĩĆĢő͠ Ăä őĩł ̡ ʼnłĩő ĩù HĢàŖʼnőŅĆÁě Engineering is worth an extra mention, as there was a drink with free beer going on, so the level of alcohol was quite high when we arrived, but performance was still top notch. Even though the Mechanical Engineers àĆʼnÁłłĩĆĢőäà Ŗʼn Á ÙĆő ūĆőĂ ʼnĩġä ĩù őĂäĆŅ ÁĢʼnūäŅʼn͡ őĂäű ūäŅä ʼnőĆěě ÁÙěä őĩ őÁėä őĂä ƈŅʼnő łěÁÚä͠ aäŰő őĆġä Ćő ġĆúĂő Ùä ÁĢ ĆàäÁ őĩ ƈŅʼnő ùääà őĂäġ ʼnĩġä àŅĆĢėʼn͡ ÙäùĩŅä őĂäű ÁĢʼnūäŅ őĂä ńŖäʼnőĆĩĢʼn őĩ ʼnää Ćù őĂäŅä Ćʼn ÁĢű ŖĢùÁĆŅ advantage.

We hope all participants in our questionnaire enjoyed it as much as we did. Asking Mechanical Engineering questions to students from other faculties with some alcohol in their blood, once again made for some fun sceneries. Stay tuned for the next edition of Grind my Gears!

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How to face stress during ‘the best time of your life’ WRITTEN BY SAGITTA PETERS

During my time at TU/e, your student days were called ‘the best time of your life’. Although life luckily had (and hopefully will have) many more good times for me, I doubt if people still use this quote that easily.

Student life seems to have gotten surrounded with more Stress worries. The current system with student loans implies large debts for many students. Employers ask more of their future employees, from high grades to extensive CVs. On top of that social media allow us to compare ourselves with others in the blink of an eye - while often showing an incomplete picture, hiding less beautiful bits and pieces. And although it might be possible to handle all of these, be aware of not getting into a toxic cocktail of severe stress.

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First, stress does have its positive sides. A bit of stress helps us through life. It makes you more alert and gives the extra energy needed to meet a deadline or to pass an exam. However, when experiencing stress becomes part of your daily life, it’s another story. Continual stress causes physical and mental symptoms and might even result in (near) burnout: you’ve been pushing yourself too hard for too long. Short outbursts of stress increase your heart rate and cause sweaty hands. These signals fade away when the stress situation ends. Continual ʼnőŅäʼnʼn ĂÁʼn àĆƅäŅäĢő ĩŖőĆĢúʼn ěĆėä ʼnőĩġÁÚĂ ĆʼnʼnŖäʼn ĩŅ ĂäÁàÁÚĂäʼn͡ problems with concentrating, anxiety or emotional instability.

Eventually you might reach a state of emotional, physical and mental exhaustion.

Education

What to do?

There are several things you can do to cope with stress and ʼnőŅäʼnʼnùŖě ʼnĆőŖÁőĆĩĢʼn ĆĢ Á ġĩŅä äƅäÚőĆŪä ͳġäÁĢĆĢú úĩĩà ùĩŅ űĩŖ and your health) way. They range from healthy living habits, to being conscious about what you really like in life and what you don’t, to introducing time to truly relax your brain.

Introduce healthy habits

Proper self-care should be a habit like brushing your teeth twice Á àÁű͢ ŅĩŖőĆĢä͠ <ĩ ùĩŅ ĂäÁěőĂű ùĩĩàʼn͡ Ģĩő őĩĩ ġŖÚĂ Úĩƅää ÁĢà alcohol, and make sure you get the amount of sleep you really need (not the amount you can survive on). Take breaks every hour or two.

Thirty minutes of light, daily outdoor exercise relieves stress and releases happy hormones. A walk or bicycle ride is perfect and ʼnłĩŅőʼn Ćʼn ƈĢä Áʼn ūäěěͥ ÚŅŖÚĆÁě łÁŅő ĩù ʼnäěùͿÚÁŅä Ćʼn őĂĆĢėĆĢú ĢĆÚäěű about yourself. You’re as valuable as everyone else! Become aware of the thoughts that make you be hard on yourself.

What about work pressure

The study load has several peaks during the academic year.

The university has a responsibility to spread the work pressure wisely, however making an adequate planning helps a lot as ūäěě͠ ©Ăű ūÁĆő ùĩŅ őĂä àäÁàěĆĢä őĩ ƈĢĆʼnĂ Á łÁłäŅ͡ äʼnłäÚĆÁěěű when that deadline is during exam period? Postponing work ͳ΍ʼnőŖàĆäĩĢőūĐėäĢà úäàŅÁúΎʹ ĆĢÚŅäÁʼnäʼn ʼnőŅäʼnʼn͠

Share not only the happy stuff

On social media life might seem all rainbows, glitter and unicorns, but real life isn’t! Share it with your friends when űĩŖ ĂÁŪä ÁĢ ĩƅͿàÁű͠ gŅ ūĂäĢ űĩŖ ùääě ʼnőŖÚė ĩŅ Ćù őĂä őÁʼnėʼn ĆĢ your project group have not been assigned evenly. It might feel àĆƆÚŖěő ĆĢ őĂä ÙäúĆĢĢĆĢú͡ ÙŖő ʼnĂĩūĆĢú ġĩŅä ŪŖěĢäŅÁÙĆěĆőű łÁűʼn ĩƅ͠ ¯ĩŖ ÚÁĢ ŅäÁà ġĩŅä ÁÙĩŖő őĂĆʼn ĆĢ ΍ Ăä łĩūäŅ ĩù ŪŖěĢäŅÁÙĆěĆőűΎ

by Brené Brown. This is one of my favourite books and there is a great TED talk from her on YouTube as well.

Energy sources and drains

To keep your energy tank full, it is important that more energy goes in than goes out. You can make a list of all the things that give you energy (sources) and those that are energy drains in private life, study and work. You might also track this on a daily basis for one or two weeks. The list will help you prioritize what you really love to do. In addition, try to get rid of (part of) the energy drains.

A simple NO

Start with saying ‘no’, or something similar like ‘I do not have time for that’, ‘maybe person X can help you with this’ etc. Might ùääě ÁūėūÁŅà ĆĢ őĂä ÙäúĆĢĢĆĢú͡ ÙŖő łŅÁÚőĆÚä ġÁėäʼn łäŅùäÚő ͣʹ

Give your brain some rest

Another important factor in coping with stress is to give your ÙŅÁĆĢ ʼnĩġä őŅŖä Ņäʼnő͠ ěőĂĩŖúĂ ÁĢ äŪäĢĆĢú ūĆőĂ aäőƉĆŰ ġĆúĂő ùääě good, your brain will still be active as it is when you are using your smartphone etc. Better to go for a walk or to just stare out of the window. Get bored!

Constantly checking your phone could also be a way of avoidant behaviour (as could be drinking too much alcohol, gaming, äőÚʹ͠ Hő ʼnääġʼn ěĆėä ÁĢ äʼnÚÁłä ùŅĩġ àĆƆÚŖěő äġĩőĆĩĢʼn ěĆėä ÁĢúäŅ͡ sadness or disappointment or certain thoughts like doubt, but be aware that these emotions or thoughts will pop up again and again. Till you properly address them, so I would say, better do that today than tomorrow.

Ask for help

If you experience moderate to severe stress symptoms, please talk to a friend, family member, your GP, student advisor, student psychologist, or another professional care giver. It is important to get (professional) help, as it is one of the best ways őĩ ěäÁŅĢ Ģäū ÁĢà ġĩŅä äƅäÚőĆŪä ÚĩłĆĢú ġäőĂĩàʼn͠ ͭä ĩƅäŅʼn several courses as well.

If you have any questions after reading this article, please do not hesitate to contact me via info@sagittapeters.nl.

Personal career After graduating in Chemical Engineering and Chemistry at TU/e, I was active as policy advisor and editorial ÁʼnʼnĆʼnőÁĢő ùĩŅ Á ʼnÚĆäĢőĆƈÚ ĔĩŖŅĢÁě͠ H ūÁʼn ĩĢä ĩù őĂä ùĩŖĢàäŅʼn and managing director of the interdisciplinary TU/e Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS, in the Ceres building next to Gemini).

Today, I work as career and burnout coach for highly educated professionals. As career coach I help clients with questions like ‘How can better perform in this job/ situation/…’ and ‘What career and ĔĩÙ ūĆěě ƈő ġäͧΎ͠ H Áġ ʼnłäÚĆÁěĆŹäà ĆĢ burnout recovery and prevention.

On www.sagittapeters.nl and via LinkedIn I share blogs with information and tips!

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REACH FOR THE STARS

44

äŅĩʼnłÁÚä ġÁĢŖùÁÚőŖŅäŅ łÁÚä® Ćʼn ěĩĩėĆĢú őĩ ʼnŖŅŅĩŖĢà őĂä 'ÁŅőĂ ūĆőĂ Á Ɖääő of 42,000 internet satellites called Starlink. The company recognizes the demand for fast and reliable internet around the world and is looking to scale Starlink’s total network capacity to meet this increase in global demand. The original plan was to launch 12,000 satellites over the next 8 years, but now őĂä ÚĩġłÁĢű ĂÁʼn Áʼnėäà őĩ ěÁŖĢÚĂ ÁĢĩőĂäŅ ̡̞̞͡​̞​̞ ʼnÁőäěěĆőäʼn ĆĢőĩ ĩŖŅ ĩŅÙĆőʼn͠ Ăä ƈŅʼnő ̟̠̞ őÁŅěĆĢė ʼnÁőäěěĆőäʼn ĂÁŪä ÁěŅäÁàű ÙääĢ ěÁŖĢÚĂäà ÁĢà łÁÚä® łěÁĢʼn to launch hundreds more in the upcoming year. The company has yet to reÚäĆŪä ÁłłŅĩŪÁě͡ Áʼn őĂä ƈěĆĢúʼn ùĩŅ Áěě őĂäʼnä ʼnÁőäěěĆőäʼn ūĆěě őÁėä Á ūĂĆěä͠ Hù łÁÚä® úäőʼn Ćőʼn ūÁű͡ Ćőʼn Ɖääő ūĆěě ġŖěőĆłěű őĂä ĢŖġÙäŅ ĩù ūĩŅėĆĢú ʼnÁőäěěĆőäʼn őĩàÁű Ùű a factor of 20 and the total amount of all spacecraft launched in history by 5.

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Career

ME-STUDENTS AT WRITTEN BY 78%2 () 6-./ /%678)2 70%/,3678

Simon Stevin organizes career-orientated activities, like lunch lectures and company visits, for all Mechanical Engineering students. Career-orientated activities for all students of the TU/e are organized by Wervingsdagen, a joint initiative of nine study associations. This year, two members of Simon Stevin are in the Board, Stan de Rijk and Karsten Slakhorst, who will give you an insight into their life as a Board member of Wervingsdagen. Furthermore is explained why the events of Wervingsdagen are essential for you as a Mechanical Engineering students.

Being the Event Coordinator, you are responsible for all the logistical aspects of each event and also for the direction of őĂä łäĩłěä ūĂĩ Ăäěł űĩŖ͠ ĂĆʼn ūÁʼn őĂä ƈőőĆĢú ùŖĢÚőĆĩĢ ùĩŅ ġä to answer my question on how to organize a big event. This year Iona Beerling and I are the Event Coordinators. Although most of you probably had a relaxing vacation, we spent our summer preparing for the upcoming events. In the summer vacation, we contacted training companies to eventually arrange more than 60 workshops in the week of the Skill Sessions.

Also, we started with making the big planning of the Career Expo, beginning with a map for the stands of the companies and also writing a safety plan. Although this sounds simple, each little detail has to be thought of to make the planning of the day neat.

Stan de Rijk

Visiting several music festivals, it always kept me wondering: How do you start with such a large event? It requires excellent organizational skills to plan each and every little thing to create an entertaining day from the ground up.

This interest in organizing events has been there all my life.

Therefore joining several committees at our Study Association ūÁʼn Á ěĩúĆÚÁě ÚĂĩĆÚä͠ ĂĆʼn ÁúÁĆĢ ÚĩĢƈŅġäà őĂÁő ġű äĢőĂŖʼnĆÁʼnġ about working with a team to create a challenging event.

Still, I wanted more. Therefore, I actively looked for a board year in my third year of studying here in Eindhoven. Earlier that year, I visited the Skill Sessions of Wervingsdagen. Here I followed a three-hour workshop about performing a persuasive presentation. I was inspired by the tips that I learned in this brief period. Doing that made me realize that (soft) skills is an essential aspect for a future Mechanical Engineer.

As a Mechanical Engineer at Wervingsdagen, I got the opportunity to step out of the bubble of the study and focus ĩĢ äĢőĆŅäěű àĆƅäŅäĢő ÁʼnłäÚőʼn ĩù ÁĢ ĩŅúÁĢĆŹÁőĆĩĢ͠ Hő ʼnőÁŅőʼn immediately from the start by working in a multidisciplinary team. We, as Mechanical Engineers, have experience in group projects and problem-solving, but I saw that everyone had őĂäĆŅ ūÁű ĩù ūĩŅėĆĢú ÁĢà àĆƅäŅäĢő ūÁűʼn ĩù őÁÚėěĆĢú Á łŅĩÙěäġ͠ Although we learn a lot in our DBL-projects, I became conscious őĂÁő ©äŅŪĆĢúʼnàÁúäĢ Ćʼn Á àĆƅäŅäĢő ěäŪäě ĩù úŅĩŖł ÚĩĩłäŅÁőĆĩĢ in which we both can contribute and learn a lot. On top of that, we have to think about how we can reach every student at the university, but also organize exciting events for these students. Every day, we are strategizing and trying to improve the content and promotion of our events. To do that you have to be self-critical and also learn to respect each other and each skillset. Growing as a group is one of the coolest things I already experienced during my year. You learn about each other, but also about yourself. On top of that, I learned how to keep track of the large events that we organize and also with this, my productivity increased immensely.

Since I enjoyed this event so much, I also decided to visit the CareerExpo, where I was surprised about the scale of this event.

And then again the question popped into my head: How do you start with such an event? Knowing that I enjoyed the Skill äʼnʼnĆĩĢʼn ʼnĩ ġŖÚĂ ÁĢà ʼnääĆĢú őĂä ÁŅääŅ 'Űłĩ ÚĩĢƈŅġäà Ćő ùĩŅ me: I had to do a board year at this organization.

In the upcoming months our events will take place, which will be interesting events for you as Mechanical Engineers. And if you then have the same question as I had, come and have a chat and I will give you my perspective on the issue: How do you organize the largest technical Career Events of the Netherlands?

First-year master student Control Systems Technology

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Karsten Slakhorst Fourth-year bachelor student Mechanical Engineering At the beginning of my second year as a student of the bachelor Mechanical Engineering, I moved to Eindhoven and started to explore the opportunities in Eindhoven next to my study. One of them was the Career Expo, which I visited. I was impressed by őĂä ʼnĆŹä ĩù őĂä äŪäĢő Ćőʼnäěù ÁĢà Ùű őĂä àĆƅäŅäĢő ĩłłĩŅőŖĢĆőĆäʼn űĩŖ ĂÁŪä Áʼn Á ʼnőŖàäĢő ÁùőäŅ ƈĢĆʼnĂĆĢú űĩŖŅ ʼnőŖàű͠

ʼn ÚĩġġĆʼnʼnĆĩĢäŅ ĩù 'ŰőäŅĢÁě ƅÁĆŅʼn͡ űĩŖ ÁŅä ŅäʼnłĩĢʼnĆÙěä ùĩŅ Áěě ÚĩġłÁĢűͿŅäěÁőäà ÁƅÁĆŅʼn͠ Ăä ĆġłŅäʼnʼnĆĩĢ ÚĩġłÁĢĆäʼn úäő ÁÙĩŖő Wervingsdagen, and its organization is therefore in the hands ĩù őĂä ĩġġĆʼnʼnĆĩĢäŅʼn ĩù 'ŰőäŅĢÁě ƅÁĆŅʼn͠ ĂĆʼn űäÁŅ ;ÁÙĆäĢĢä ZŖÚÁʼn ÁĢà H ÁŅä őĂä ÚĩġġĆʼnʼnĆĩĢäŅʼn ĩù 'ŰőäŅĢÁě ƅÁĆŅʼn͠ ěŅäÁàű in the candidate period, the preparations for the Career Expo start with acquiring all the interesting companies by all the ÚĩġġĆʼnʼnĆĩĢäŅʼn ĩù 'ŰőäŅĢÁě ƅÁĆŅʼn ĩù őĂä ʼnőŖàű ÁʼnʼnĩÚĆÁőĆĩĢʼn͠ Ăäʼnä ÚĩġłÁĢĆäʼn ÁĢà őĂä ÚĩġłÁĢĆäʼn ĆĢ őĂä àÁőÁÙÁʼnä͡ ƈěěäà ūĆőĂ more than 600 companies, are contacted and informed about the Career Expo and the Interviewing Days.

After that, the company selection is made. The next step is to gather all the desired information for the company guide which you will recognize to the blue cover for the Career Expo and green cover for the Interviewing Days. Also, a lot of information should be gathered for our Event Coordinators who are responsible for the logistics of our event. During the year we keep in touch with the companies while keeping them up to date on our daily tasks.

After the event, I was wondering what was required to organize an event like that. At a drink of Simon Stevin, I spoke with a Board member of Wervingsdagen about that. That chat inspired me to join the Activists, a committee of Wervingsdagen. As an Activist, you organize a stunt on the Monday before the Career Expo and help at the Career Expo itself. Therefore, you work together in an interdisciplinary team with students from several disciplines. I really liked that, and I was convinced to do a board year at Wervingsdagen. I waited for one year, after which I applied for the Board of Wervingsdagen.

I take the functions of Secretary and Commissioner of External ƅÁĆŅʼn͠ ʼn äÚŅäőÁŅű͡ H Áġ ŅäʼnłĩĢʼnĆÙěä ùĩŅ őĂä ÚĩġġŖĢĆÚÁőĆĩĢ to other organizations and students, like the mailing for the promotion of the events. Furthermore, I track the incoming mails and packages and track the inventory.

Five months ago, since the 20th of June, my board year by Wervingsdagen began. In this period I learned so much more about the university itself and other studies at the university.

Even on a technical university, with only people with a technical ĆĢőäŅäʼnő͡ ʼnőŖàäĢőʼn ʼnĩěŪä łŅĩÙěäġʼn àĆƅäŅäĢőěű͠ ĂäŅäùĩŅä Ćő Ćʼn ÁġŖʼnĆĢú őĩ ūĩŅė őĩúäőĂäŅ ĆĢ Á őäÁġ ūĆőĂ àĆƅäŅäĢő ÙÁÚėúŅĩŖĢàʼn and thoughts which together organize the events.

Besides that, I learned a lot of skills which are very useful for my career. As a team, we organize the events on a high level. In there, everyone has their responsibilities, but you get involved in every process, like promotion or logistics.

With the big events, Skill Sessions/Career Expo/Interviewing Days, coming up, I am looking forward to the coming seven months of my board year by Wervingsdagen. Ƌä ̡̧őĂ ĩÁŅà ĩù ©äŅŪĆĢúʼnàÁúäĢ

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Upcoming activities 2020 This year the Wervingsdagen will organize Eindhoven University of Technology’s most important career events for the 39th time in a row. These events, the Skill Sessions, the Career Expo, and the Interviewing Days, help you to develop your professional attitude, and to tackle all future challenges in the job market.

Career Street: February 3rd until February 7th The Career Street is at different locations around campus during the lunch break in the week from February 3 until February 7. Here you can get some tips on how to present yourself towards a company. You could also get input on your CV, business card or LinkedIn profile and be able to talk to inspiring spin-offs and start-ups located on our campus. So drop by for some great tips and tricks before visiting the Career Expo and grab a snack!

Career Expo: March 10th and 11th The Career Expo will take place in Auditorium and Atlas at Eindhoven University of Technology on the 10th and 11th of March. During these days 120+ companies, which are interested in Mechanical Engineering students, will present themselves through a stand, speed dates ,and presentations. Familiarize yourself with companies, converse with recruiters, and learn all about your potential future employers. Whether you already know where you end up after studies, or whether you are still in doubt, the Career Expo offers you the opportunity to gather information on various companies and to find the company that suits you best. New this year is the Experience Center in the Atlas Building, where you can get to know the company in a more interactive way.

Interviewing Days: April 20th until April 24th Visiting the Interviewing Days is the perfect opportunity to talk to potential employers about possible career opportunities. Besides that, it is a great way to ask recruiters about the culture and work procedures of the company you are planning to work after your study. The topic of the conversation during these Interviewing Days is entirely up to you, as long as it is career-related. If you want to get deeper insights of a company in a practical way, then we also offer several business cases.

To get a taste of what it is like to work there, you can get your hands on a reallife problem, provided by a company. In order to create a suitable atmosphere, this event will be hosted at the Pullman Hotel. Are you interested in this offer?

Visit the Wervingsdagen website (wervingsdagen.nl), see which companies participate during the Interviewing Days, and have lunch, dinner, or just a relaxed conversation with a recruiter from a company of your choice.

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Education Association

Interview Domingos Varela Marreiros International active member at W.S.V. Simon Stevin

Why did you decide to come to Eindhoven?

How would you describe the Dutch culture?

΋©ĂäĢ H ūÁʼn ƈĢĆʼnĂĆĢú ġű ̟̠őĂ úŅÁàä ĆĢ ZĆʼnÙĩĢΎʼn ;ŅäĢÚĂ ʼnÚĂĩĩě͡ H ūÁʼn àäƈĢĆőäěű sure that, although I loved my French education, I wanted to experience something new.

“Dutch culture is quite interesting. Dutch àĩ ĂÁŪä Á ŪäŅű àĆƅäŅäĢő ūÁű ĩù ěĆŪĆĢú őĂÁĢ all the other countries I visited in my life. What stood out for me the last four months was:

I started thinking about which countries I absolutely adored the culture, the way and quality of living, and that had great universities. From there, two choices appeared: Switzerland and the Netherlands. The honesty, openness, and liveliness of Dutch people and culture made my decision quite easy!

The directness: Dutch people can be extremely direct to each other and it is accepted. I don’t know if that can really count as a cultural aspect but it is a very big standout that can be seen from an outsider’s point of view.

From there it was just a matter of applying. I applied to TU Twente and TU Eindhoven, the latter being my preference for the city. The day before my 18th birthday, I got the excellent news that I got in. Couldn’t have worked out ÙäőőäŅͥΌ

The partying: Dutch people clearly love party. Every occasion that exists is a reason to party.

The uniqueness: Dutch culture can’t be compared to others. From the deep rooted, excellent culture of cycling everywhere, to have a love for special holidays like Carnival. Dutch culture ÚÁĢΎő ŅäÁěěű Ùä ʼnłäÚĆƈÚÁěěű àäʼnÚŅĆÙäà͠ ¯ĩŖ ÁŅä ʼnĆġłěű #ŖőÚĂ͠ H ěĩŪä őĂÁőͥΌ

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What amazed you the most when you arrived?

How do you experience the student life of Eindhoven?

“When I arrived in Eindhoven, at the beginning of August, I thought the adaptation to a new country, new city, new culture, and new people would be äŰőŅäġäěű àĆƆÚŖěő͠ ©ĂÁő ÁġÁŹäà ġä őĂä most was how wrong I was. Dutch are ėĢĩūĢ ùĩŅ ÙäĆĢú ńŖĆőä ΋ÚĩěàΌ ÁĢà ĂÁŅà to reach outside of the country. I do somewhat agree, but the sympathy and help to integrate stil amzames me today.

Of course, I did have the drive to break őĂŅĩŖúĂ ΋őĂä ÙÁŅŅĆäŅΌ őĂÁő őĂĆĢěű äŰĆʼnőäà and to adapt to the Dutch culture, but it is really unexpected how extremely welcoming Dutch are, much more than the great majority of cultures I know.

“I think Eindhoven is an amazing city to live in as a student. There is just so much to do as a student. From going out to Stratumseind, to having dinner in the center with friends, to visitng the cinemas, parks and activities. The fact that we are in the Brainport region, with such a massive amount of big tech companies makes Eindhoven, in my ĩłĆĢĆĩĢ͡ őĂä łäŅùäÚő ÚĆőű ùĩŅ ʼnőŖàäĢőʼn͠Ό

Also, the quality of life in Eindhoven and in the Netherlands stoke me a lot, Air is fresh, there are shops everywhere, trains work so much better than I thought (NS isn’t bad, I actually have the unpopular opinion that it is great), I can go everywhere so quickly. “

Was it easy to adapt to the Dutch lifestyle?

“Adapting to the Dutch lifestyle was easier than expected, Of course, the lifestyles of the countries from our old continent are always going to be somewhat similar, ĩġä őĂĆĢúʼn ūäŅä ńŖĆőä àĆƅäŅäĢő őĂÁĢ H thought, though.

First of all, your eating habits are quite àĆƅäŅäĢő͠ H ńŖĆÚėěű ŖĢàäŅʼnőĩĩà őĂÁő äÁőĆĢú a long, big lunch simply isn’t a thing in the Netherlands. I was used to, in Portugal, Also, the Dutch eat dinner really early.

Secondly, cycling everywhere is also a big adaptation. I come from Lisbon, the City of the Seven Hills. Because of our big seven hills on which Lisbon is built on, cycling simply isn’t doable in the largest part of the city.

The hardest adaptation for me was the language. It is incredible how basically everyone knows how to speak English and has, in general, a great accent. Still it is a big adaptation to live somwhere with ʼnŖÚĂ Á ġÁʼnʼnĆŪäěű àĆƅäŅäĢő ěÁĢúŖÁúä͠ ĂÁő Ćʼn ġű ĩĢěű ÙĆú àĆƆÚŖěőű ÁàÁłőĆĢú őĩ őĂä #ŖőÚĂ ěĆùäʼnőűěä͠Ό

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Do you think Eindhoven has enough opportunities for internationals to adapt to the student life?

“Yes and no. Eindhoven is clearly an extremely international city, with a lot of international companies and a growing number of international students. Because of that, people tend to be more open to internationals.

But with all this internationalization also comes a problem.. Because Dutch students are now also used to adapting to internationals, it can be quite ÚĂÁěěäĢúĆĢú őĩ äŰłäŅĆäĢÚä őĂä ΋ŅäÁěΌ #ŖőÚĂ ÚŖěőŖŅä ÁĢà ʼnőŖàäĢő ěĆùä͡Ό

How did you get in contact with our Association? ΋ Ăä HĢőŅĩūääė ūÁʼn ġű ƈŅʼnő ŅäÁě ÚĩĢőÁÚő with the Association, which made me really excited about it. The way the Association presented itself, being a useful connection but at the same time being fun was just really appealing to ġä͠Ό

What do you think of the attitude of our Association towards internationals?

“I think W.S.V. Simon Stevin has had a great attitude towards internationals.

Hő ĂÁʼn ġÁàä Á úĩĩà äƅĩŅő őĩ ƈĢà Á middle ground, keeping the traditions alive while still being very open and giving opportunities to internationals.

I always found that all the members were extremely nice to me and were never excluding me, That is, besides the general kindness and openness of the Dutch, thanks to the great work of the Board.

The best example, that I will always remember, was Intro Camp. This year, H ūÁʼn őĂä ƈŅʼnő ͳÁĢà ĩĢěűʹ ĆĢőäŅĢÁőĆĩĢÁě to be part of it. This meant that for the ƈŅʼnő őĆġä͡ őĂä ÚÁġł ūÁʼn ĆĢ 'ĢúěĆʼnĂ͠ H was extremely worried that it would not work, that the traditions would be lost or that I was going to be put aside. Thanks to the great preparations and attitude of everyone, I never felt excluded. The ÚÁġł ūĩŅėäà äŰőŅäġäěű ūäěěͥΌ

Do you think the transformation to an English bachelor has gone successful and how can the department improve?

“I do believe that a big transition like őĂĆʼn Ćʼn äŰőŅäġäěű àĆƆÚŖěő ÁĢà ÚÁĢĢĩő Ùä perfectly done in one year, I think that the explanation of how our Bachelor works, the study material during the quartiles and the way lectures are given are a success. I always can very easily understand how everything works and I do believe that the lectures were extremely well organized and translated.

Nevertheless, I think there is a large unbalance between the material given to Dutch and internationals to prepare for an exam. I do totally understand őĂä àĆƆÚŖěőű ÁĢà őĂä őĆġäͿÚĩĢʼnŖġĆĢú process of translating old exams, but international students have much less äŰÁġ ʼnłäÚĆƈÚ ʼnőŖàű ġÁőäŅĆÁě͠ ĂĆʼn ūÁʼn something that would inevitably happen in a big transition like this, since it is very hard to predict how all students prepare for exams. I think that is the major improvement that has to be made in an ĩőĂäŅūĆʼnä ʼnŖÚÚäʼnʼn͠Ό

WRITTEN BY 7ȳǞȰǝǚ ,ȳȲȨǘǙ

Master Thesis: MECHANICAL METAMATERIALS WRITTEN BY 63&&)68 039;)67

Mechanical metamaterials are materials with properties that cannot be found in natural materials͠ Ăäʼnä ġÁőäŅĆÁěʼn ÁŅä ġÁàä łĩʼnʼnĆÙěä Ùű ̡#ͿłŅĆĢőĆĢú ÁĢà ÁààĆőĆŪä ġÁĢŖùÁÚőŖŅĆĢú͠ Properties that are exhibited by these materials include a negative compressibility, a ĢäúÁőĆŪä ĩĆʼnʼnĩĢΎʼn ŅÁőĆĩ ĩŅ Á ĂĆúĂ ʼnőĆƅĢäʼnʼn ÚĩġÙĆĢäà ūĆőĂ Á ěĩū àäĢʼnĆőű͠ You might already have read something about these mechanical metamaterials in this article, on the master thesis of Sven Sperling, where three homogenization methods were implemented and compared. In this article you can read about the master thesis of Sylvia van Bree, in which she implemented a Newton Solver for the Micromorphic Computational Homogenization method, which can be used to accurately simulate the buckling behaviour in these mechanical metamaterials.

These mechanical metamaterials are mainly used in soft robotics, where for example the opening and closing of a gripper can be controlled by removing the air from the pockets inside the material. The tricky part about doing calculations and simulations on these materials is that they can display two sorts of buckling, local and úěĩÙÁě͡ ʼnĂĩūĢ ĆĢ őĂä ƈúŖŅä ÁÙĩŪä ÁĢà őĂÁő àĆƅäŅäĢő patterns appear in the material when buckling, shown ĆĢ őĂä ƈúŖŅä ĩĢ őĂä ŅĆúĂő͠ Ăä ġäőĂĩà őĂÁő Ćʼn Ŗʼnäà őĩ `äÚĂÁĢĆÚÁě ġäőÁġÁőäŅĆÁě ūĂĆÚĂ àĆʼnłěÁűʼn ěĩÚÁě ÙŖÚėěĆĢú ͳěäùőʹ ÁĢà úěĩÙÁě ÙŖÚėěĆĢú ͳŅĆúĂőʹ do simulations for these kind of materials is called computational homogenization, which gives results at the engineering scale, while taking into account the structure of the microscale. The standard computational “Bifurcation theory describes how the equilibrium behaviour of ĂĩġĩúäĢĆŹÁőĆĩĢ ġäőĂĩà Ćʼn ĆĢʼnŖƆÚĆäĢő ūĆőĂ ŅäʼnłäÚő őĩ Á àűĢÁġĆÚÁě ʼnűʼnőäġ ÚĂÁĢúäʼn ŖĢàäŅ ĆĢƈŖäĢÚä ĩù äŰőäŅĢÁě ùÁÚőĩŅʼn͠ the boundary layers, since the metamaterials display Important factors are the appearance of (two) new stationary ĢĩĢͿěĩÚÁě ÙäĂÁŪĆĩŖŅ͡ ʼnää őĂä ƈúŖŅä Ùäěĩū͠ ĂĆʼn ÚÁĢ solutions (equilibrium points) and the appearance of periodic be overcome by using micromorphic computational solutions. A bifurcation can occur when a small smooth change is homogenization. However, the current solver for made to the parameter values (the bifurcation parameters) of a this type of homogenization is slow and cannot do system and this causes a sudden change in its behaviour.” bifurcation analyses, which is where the master thesis of Sylvia comes into play.

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Education

The micromorphic computational homogenization splits the àĆʼnłěÁÚäġäĢő ƈäěà ĆĢ Á ġäÁĢ äƅäÚőĆŪä àĆʼnłěÁÚäġäĢő ƈäěà͡ Á ěĩĢú ŅÁĢúä ÚĩŅŅäěÁőäà ƉŖÚőŖÁőĆĩĢ ƈäěà ÁĢà Á ŅäġÁĆĢĆĢú ěĩÚÁě ƉŖÚőŖÁőĆĩĢ ƈäěà͠ Ăä ěĩĢú ŅÁĢúä ÚĩŅŅäěÁőäà ƉŖÚőÁőĆĩĢ ƈäěà basically tells something about how much a certain pattern (of the three shown above) is activated in the material, which might be explained more clearly pictures on the bottom of this page.

Through the discretisation of the stresses at the macroscale, the ʼnőĆƅĢäʼnʼn ġÁőŅĆŰ ùĩŅ őĂä ġäőÁġÁőäŅĆÁě ÚÁĢ ƈĢÁěěű Ùä ÚĩġłŖőäà ùĩŅ äŪäŅű ġÁÚŅĩʼnÚĩłĆÚ äěäġäĢő͠ ĂĆʼn ʼnőĆƅĢäʼnʼn ġÁőŅĆŰ łěÁűʼn ÁĢ important role in the bifurcation analyses.

aĩĢͿěĩÚÁě ÙäĂÁŪĆĩŖŅ ĆĢ őĂä ÙĩŖĢàÁŅű ěÁűäŅʼn ĩù Á ġäőÁġÁőäŅĆÁě

The goal of her master thesis was to implement a full Newton Solver to improve the speed and robustness of the micromorphic ĂĩġĩúäĢĆŹÁőĆĩĢ ġäőĂĩà͠ Ăä ƈŅʼnő ʼnőäł ĆĢ ĆġłěäġäĢőĆĢú őĂĆʼn ʼnĩěŪäŅ Ćʼn őĩ àäőäŅġĆĢä őĂä ʼnőĆƅĢäʼnʼn ġÁőŅĆŰ ĩù őĂä ġÁőäŅĆÁě͠ However, before we discuss that, computational homogenization will be explained. Computational homogenization solves the àĆʼnłěÁÚäġäĢő ĆĢ őĂä ġÁőäŅĆÁě Ùű ƈŅʼnő ʼnäĢàĆĢú őĂä ʼnőŅÁĆĢ ĆĢ Á material to a representative volume element (RVE). The RVE is őĂäĢ Ŗʼnäà őĩ ÚÁěÚŖěÁőä őĂä àĆʼnłěÁÚäġäĢő ƈäěà Áő őĂä ġĆÚŅĩʼnÚÁěä͡ ÁùőäŅ ūĂĆÚĂ őĂä ʼnőĆƅĢäʼnʼn ÁĢà ʼnőŅäʼnʼn ĩù őĂä ¨' ÁŅä ʼnäĢő őĩ őĂä ġÁÚŅĩʼnÚÁěä͠ ©ĆőĂ őĂäʼnä łÁŅÁġäőäŅʼn őĂä àĆʼnłěÁÚäġäĢő ƈäěà ĩù őĂä macroscale can then be calculated.

ÁőőäŅĢ ÁÚőĆŪÁőĆĩĢ ʼnłěĆő Ŗł ĆĢ Á äƄäÚőĆŪä àĆʼnłěÁÚäġäĢő Ƈäěà ÁĢà Á Ƈäěà őĂÁő àäʼnÚŅĆÙäʼn őĂä ÁÚőĆŪÁőäà łÁőőäŅĢ ÁĢàĩġ ¨ĩěŖġä 'ěäġäĢő ͳ ¨'ʹ őĂÁő Ćʼn Ŗʼnäà őĩ ěĩÚÁěěű ÚÁěÚŖěÁőä őĂä ʼnőŅÁĆĢ ūĂĆÚĂ Ćʼn őĂäĢ Ŗʼnäà ùĩŅ őĂä úěĩÙÁě ʼnőĆƄĢäʼnʼn ÁĢà ʼnőŅäʼnʼn ÚÁěÚŖěÁőĆĩĢ͠

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The stability of these bifurcations is checked with the determinant ĩù őĂä ʼnőĆƅĢäʼnʼn ġÁőŅĆŰ͠ Hù őĂä àäőäŅġĆĢÁĢő ĩù őĂä ʼnőĆƅĢäʼnʼn ġÁőŅĆŰ is smaller or equal than 0, the bifurcation is unstable. If the lowest eigenvalue of the matrix is also non-positive, then the system is perturbed in the direction of its eigenvector to make it stable and buckling will occur. As already shown above, two types of buckling can occur dependent on the slenderness of the beam. In a short, and thus relatively thick beam, local buckling will occur and in a longer and thus relatively thinner beam, global buckling will occur.

The results of the implementation of the solver are shown in the ƈúŖŅäʼn Ùäěĩū ÁĢà ūĂäĢ ÚĩġłÁŅäà őĩ őĂä äŰÁġłěä ĩù ěĩÚÁě ÁĢà global buckling at the top, the simulations accurately predict the behaviour.

ĆġŖěÁőĆĩĢʼn ÚĩġłÁŅäà őĩ őĂä äŰÁġłěäʼn͠ ĆġŖěÁőĆĩĢʼn ÁÚÚŖŅÁőäěű łŅäàĆÚő őĂä ÙŖÚėěĆĢú ŅäúĆĩĢʼn

So in conclusion, the derivation and implementation of the ʼnőĆƅĢäʼnʼn ġÁőŅĆŰ ūäŅä ʼnŖÚÚäʼnʼnùŖě͠ ©ĆőĂ őĂĆʼn ġäőĂĩà Ćő Ćʼn łĩʼnʼnĆÙěä to analyse which type of buckling occurs in the system.

However, there are still improvements possible, such as in the overestimation of the buckling stress/strain.

ĆġŖěÁőĆĩĢ ŅäʼnŖěőʼn ùĩŅ úěĩÙÁě ÁĢà ěĩÚÁě ÙŖÚėěĆĢú

Finally, the stress and buckling strains calculated with the micromorphic method are compared to a reference solution, ʼnĂĩūĢ ĆĢ őĂä ƈúŖŅä Ùäěĩū͠ Ăä ġĆÚŅĩġĩŅłĂĆÚ ĂĩġĩúäĢĆŹÁőĆĩĢ method overestimates both.

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`ĆÚŅĩġĩŅłĂĆÚ ĂĩġĩúäĢĆŹÁőĆĩĢ ͳʼnĩěĆà ěĆĢäʹ ÚĩġłÁŅäà őĩ Á ŅäùäŅäĢÚä ʼnĩěŖͿ őĆĩĢ ͳàÁʼnĂäà ěĆĢäʹ͠ `ĆÚŅĩġĩŅłĂĆÚ ĂĩġĩúäĢĆŹÁőĆĩĢ ĩŪäŅäʼnőĆġÁőäʼn ÙĩőĂ őĂä ʼnőŅäʼnʼn ÁĢà ÙŖÚėěĆĢú ʼnőŅÁĆĢ

Ņä űĩŖ Áěʼnĩ àĩĆĢú ÁĢ ĆĢőäŅäʼnőĆĢú őĂäʼnĆʼn łŅĩĔäÚő ÁĢà àĩ űĩŖ ūÁĢő őĩ őäěě ʼnĩġäőĂĆĢú ÁÙĩŖő Ćő ĆĢ őĂä ĩłäĢ`'ͧ ĩĢőÁÚő ŅäàÁÚőĆäϝ ʼnĆġĩĢʼnőäŪĆĢ͠őŖä͠Ģě

Symposium 2020

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NEW CONCEPT -R GSPPEFSVEXMSR [MXL XLI HITEVXQIRX SJ 4S[IV *PS[ XLI ƼVWX W]QTSWMYQ SJ [MPP EPPS[ GSQTERMIW ERH MRWXMXYXMSRW JVSQ XLI QEVMXMQI ERH SJJWLSVI MRHYWXV] XS WLS[ XLI TSXIRXMEP JSV E QIGLERMGEP IRKMRIIV MR XLMW TEVXMGYPEV WIGXSV *VSQ WMQYPEXMSRW FEWIH SR ƽYMH H]REQMGW XS EGXYEP HIWMKR ERH GSRWXVYGXMSR SJ JYPP WM^I TVSTYPWMSR IRKMRIW [I LSTI XS WLS[ ]SY EPP TSWWMFMPMXMIW JSV E TSWWMFPI JYXYVI EW E QEVMXMQI QIGLERMGEP IRKMRIIV

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Tech

SPACE DEBRIS

A growing threat to space exploration

WRITTEN BY 7%2(36 ,%&)87

The last couple of decades will always be remembered as the time in which humans became a space-faring species. This has resulted in an ever-increasing amount of non-functional satellites and spacecraft roaming around our Earth. But what impact does the growing space debris population have and to what extent are we currently able to solve it?

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What is space debris?

Back in 2007, when the Chinese military deliberately destroyed their own weather satellite, the Fengyun1C, thousands of little fragments were created that many years later are still orbiting our Earth. These fragments called ‘space debris’ or ‘space junk’ is àäƈĢäà Áʼn ġÁĢͿġÁàä ġÁőäŅĆÁě őĂÁő Ćʼn ĩŅÙĆőĆĢú ĩŖŅ Earth but is no longer functional. The impact of this deliberate demolition of the Fengyun-1C was only to be felt years later when a minuscule chunk of the former spacecraft collided with a Russian satellite, severely damaging the spacecraft. Tens of thousands of pieces of space debris are currently being tracked

by NASA. Smaller pieces, however, are not trackable and cause a large uncertainty about the actual space debris population. These fragments are too small to be cataloged and the only information we have on these tiny pieces are only rough estimates.

The greatest risks to space missions tend to come from these fragments of non-trackable debris.

It is currently estimated that roughly 170 ġĆěěĆĩĢ łĆäÚäʼn ĩù ʼnłÁÚä ĔŖĢė ƉĩÁő ĆĢ őĂä 'ÁŅőĂΎʼn atmosphere, this is over 7000 tonnes of pieces of junk circling around our Earth. It is safe to say that our activities in space have had a profound impact on the development of space junk. We have created a garbage belt around our planet that in the time to come may cause problems for future space exploration or satellite communications.

In fact, you might even say that the largest garbage dump of Earth is actually in outer space.

HġÁúä Ùű͢ łÁÚä äÚĂ 'Űłĩ

The human race has always had to urge to use new means of transport to achieve what everybody thought could not be done. We discovered new worlds on our ocean voyages enabling global trade, the railways were one of the largest building blocks of the Industrial age and new developments eventually led to one of the greatest technical achievements in the ĂĆʼnőĩŅű ĩù őĂä ĂŖġÁĢ ŅÁÚä͢ őĂä ƈŅʼnő łĩūäŅäà ƉĆúĂő Ùű the Wright brothers. It was not until this particular moment that we dared to dream about traveling beyond the heavens into outer space in order to solve the long-term mysteries of our universe.

Nowadays, outer space is a precious environment of úŅäÁő ʼnÚĆäĢőĆƈÚ ÁĢà ʼnőŅÁőäúĆÚ ĆġłĩŅőÁĢÚä ÁĢà ūä ÁŅä starting to realize it more and more. The company SpaceX is working on our voyage to Mars, Amazon’s Blue Origin space program is currently making plans to colonize space as well and thousands of Starlink satellites will be launched in the coming years to provide for our growing internet demands. With thousands of satellites roaming around the Earth and the likelihood of this amount multiplying by a great amount in the near future, the risks of satellite collisions increase as well. The impact of a collision these satellites can be felt on Earth in the form of a signal loss on your cell phone or television, but these collisions have a larger impact than you can probably imagine.

What impact does it have?

A piece of junk can best be described as a bullet traveling in space at a speed up to 10 kilometers per second. You might guess that particles that travel with such a hypervelocity can have an enormous impact on space crafts in orbit. As the particles colliding with the spacecraft get larger in size, the more problems they will oppose. Sensitive spacecraft surfaces and equipment, like optical sensors or thermal control ʼnŖŅùÁÚäʼn͡ ūĆěě ÁěŅäÁàű Ùä ÁƅäÚőäà Ùű ʼnŖÙͿġĆÚŅĩĢ ĩŅ micron-sized particles. As their diameter increase, ranging from ten to hundreds of microns, these particles are able to penetrate the outer spacecraft coatings as well as foils and solar cells. Particles with the size of just a millimeter can penetrate tanks and certain equipment. We should bear in mind that even larger particles would have the ability to destroy a space probe completely, comparable to what happened to the Russian shuttle. A collision with a shard of 10 centimeters would have the same impact as an explosion of 7 kilograms of TNT. In 1978, NASA scientist Donald J. Kessler proposed a theory about a chain reaction of debris collisions.

He predicted that even if we will maintain an input of zero satellites into space from now on, the debris ƉŖŰ ūĆěě ĆĢÚŅäÁʼnä äŰłĩĢäĢőĆÁěěű ūĆőĂ őĆġä ÙäÚÁŖʼnä objects in space will keep colliding to form more and more debris in Lower Earth Orbit. He called this process after himself: ‘The Kessler Syndrome’.

Eventually, frequent collisions will be inevitable.

Essential aspects of our life, such as wireless internet, television, and GPS will all be threatened in the future.

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Is it too late already?

Here on Earth, we tend to deal with our waste quite careless. We produce tons of garbage every year, simply because throwing it away is easier than recycling. After you have thrown something in the trashcan, it is not your problem anymore and you can ùĩŅúäő ÁÙĩŖő Ćő͠ Ăä ʼnĆőŖÁőĆĩĢ ĆĢ ʼnłÁÚä Ćʼn Ģĩő ÁĢű àĆƅäŅäĢő͠ ŖĆőä ÚĩĢőŅÁŅű őĩ őĂä łĩłŖěÁŅ ÙäěĆäù͡ ʼnłÁÚä Ćʼn Ģĩő ÁĢ ĆĢƈĢĆőä ġäàĆŖġ where all of our non-functional satellites can be stored. There is no one that will pick up your garbage on an early morning and the only way to actually remove them is by actively trying.

While some may believe that launching 42000 satellites into our orbits for faster internet is a good idea, we cannot solve this problem with the same thinking we created it. Owing to the fact that our activities have been the cause, it leads to a more or less ethical question whether we should use every trick in the book to minimalize the ‘garbage belt’ around our Earth.

Secondly, researchers are currently also investigating new techniques to dodge small pieces of space junk. A satellite would need to be able to detect any collision from tens of kilometers away to be able to react in the few seconds before impact. The achieve this, an idea has been proposed to develop a CubeSat with 16 solid-propellant thrusters. Since a normal solidpropellant rocket can only be used once, it is desirable to have multiple thrusters so multiple collisions can be evaded.

Luckily, although total prevention is not possible, we can minimalize the odds of collisions. According to the Space Safety Coalition (SSC), the Kessler Syndrome can be inhibited if we follow a simple set of rules. This coalition has formed a document called “Best Practices for the Sustainability of Space głäŅÁőĆĩĢʼnΌ ūĆőĂ úŖĆàäěĆĢäʼn őĩ Ăäěł ƈúĂő őĂä őĂŅäÁő ĩù ĩŅÙĆőÁě debris. An example of such a guideline is that spacecraft that operate at an altitude higher than 400 kilometers should always feature a propulsion system that allows them to avoid collisions Ćù ĢäÚäʼnʼnÁŅű͠ ĂäŅä ÁŅä ĩŪäŅ ̡̞ ʼnłÁÚäͿʼnőÁėäĂĩěàäŅʼn őĂÁő ĂÁŪä already committed to these guidelines as of today.

©ĆőĂ őĂäʼnä őäÚĂĢĩěĩúĆäʼn͡ ÁŪÁĆěÁÙěä͡ Ćő Ćʼn őĆġä őĩ ƈĢà ūÁűʼn őĩ ÚěäÁĢ ĩŖŅ ĩŅÙĆőʼn͠ Ăä ƈŅʼnő ÚěäÁĢͿŖł őĩĩě ĆĢ àäŪäěĩłġäĢő Ćʼn Á CubeSat called OSCaR, short for Obsolete Spacecraft Capture and Removal. This cube would capture small pieces of debris using nets and tethers (long cables) and requires little guidance ùŅĩġ ÚĩĢőŅĩěěäŅʼn͠ Ăä àĆġäĢʼnĆĩĢʼn ĩù őĂĆʼn ŖÙä Áő ÁŅä ĩĢěű ̡̞ cm by 10 cm by 10 cm and with four net-launching gun barrels, Ćő Ćʼn ÁÙěä őĩ ŅäġĩŪä ùĩŖŅ łĆäÚäʼn ĩù àäÙŅĆʼn äŪäŅű ƉĆúĂő͠ ©ĂäĢ őĂä ġĆʼnʼnĆĩĢ Ćʼn Úĩġłěäőäà͡ Ćő ūĆěě őÁėä ƈŪä űäÁŅʼn őĩ àäͿĩŅÙĆő Ćőʼnäěù͠ ©ĆőĂ ġĆěěĆĩĢʼn ĩù łĆäÚäʼn ĩù ĔŖĢė ƉűĆĢú ÁŅĩŖĢà͡ őĂĆʼn ġĆúĂő Ģĩő Ùä őĂä ġĩʼnő äƆÚĆäĢő ūÁű͡ ÙŖő Áő ěäÁʼnő Ćő Ćʼn Á ʼnőÁŅőͥ

Can we solve it?

Lastly, the European Space Agency recently has announced plans to remove a defunct satellite by developing a four-armed robot that is able to grasp the object and drag it into our atmosphere.

The dive will result in the destruction of both devices. The ClearSpace-1 mission is scheduled for 2025 and will be tested ĩĢ Á łĆäÚä ĩù ĔŖĢė őĂÁő ' ěÁŖĢÚĂäà ĆĢ ̡̠̞̟͠

Unfortunately, simple guidelines cannot solve this problem in its entirety. The growing recognition of this problem has led to scientists actively looking for ways to minimalize the impact and risks or even remove any piece of junk from our orbits. Ăä ƈŅʼnő ÚĩŖĢőäŅġäÁʼnŖŅä őĩ ġĆĢĆġÁěĆŹä őĂä ĆġłÁÚő ĩù ÚĩěěĆʼnĆĩĢ is shielding. Shielding can provide enough protection to minimalize any damage occurring when a collision takes place. The technology of shielding has advanced a lot these last couple of decades, from simple Whipple shield to custom-made ʼnĂĆäěàʼn ʼnőŖƆĢú ġÁőäŅĆÁěʼn ÁĢà ÁěŖġĆĢŖġ ūĆőĂ ġäőÁěěĆÚ ùĩÁġʼn͠ The international space station has applied this technology to hundreds of shields that protect the critical components of the ISS from fragments with less overall structural mass.

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Whether these are truly viable long-term options remain to be seen, but these technologies should at least start the ball rolling for other agencies to invest in research and development as well.

Slowly, nations are starting to realize that we are too involved already to give up preservation of the space region and our own space explorations programs. We do not know what the future holds in store, but at least we can say that it is an exciting time to be in the space cleaning industry!

Association

CALCUDOKU A calcudoku is a math and logic puzzle. The grid contains blocks surrounded by bold lines. Ăä ĩÙĔäÚőĆŪä Ćʼn őĩ ƈěě Áěě äġłőű ʼnńŖÁŅäʼn ʼnĩ őĂÁő őĂä ĢŖġÙäŅʼn ̟ őĩ ̦ ÁłłäÁŅ äŰÁÚőěű ĩĢÚä ĆĢ each row and column. Additionally, the numbers in each block have to produce the result of the operation shown in the top-left corner of the block. The same number may be used multiple times in a block.

PUZZLE MADE BY LIANNE TUIN

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QUALITY ME

Lecturers

#ĩ űĩŖ äŪäŅ ūĩĢàäŅ Ćù ÁĢűőĂĆĢú Ćʼn àĩĢä ūĆőĂ őĂä ńŖäʼnőĆĩĢĢÁĆŅäʼn űĩŖ ƈěě ĆĢ Áő the end of a course? Or do you not ƈěě ĆĢ őĂä ńŖäʼnőĆĩĢĢÁĆŅäʼn Áő Áěě Áʼn űĩŖ őĂĆĢė ĢĩőĂĆĢú ūĆěě Ùä àĩĢä ūĆőĂ őĂä feedback?

The lecturer will look into the results and will formulate Ćù őĂäű ÁŅä ʼnÁőĆʼnƈäà and what they are planning to improve.

A lot of students are not aware of the importance of feedback and the impact feedback can have on the quality of the education.

There are two main ways to give feedback, through the ʼnőŖàäĢő ÚĩŖĢÚĆěʼn ĩŅ Ùű ƈěěĆĢú ĆĢ őĂä ńŖäʼnőĆĩĢĢÁĆŅäʼn͠ HĢ this article there will be explained what is done with this feedback.

Sub-geleding The sub-geleding group consists of one bachelor ʼnőŖàäĢő͡ ĩĢä ġÁʼnőäŅ ʼnőŖàäĢő͡ ĩĢä ʼnőÁƅ ġäġÙäŅ ÁĢà őĂä WūÁ·ĩ äġłěĩűää͠ Ăä ʼnőÁƅ ġäġÙäŅ ÁĢà ÙÁÚĂäěĩŅ and master student are part of the PC-ME. During the sub-geleding, the results of the questionnaires and the response of the lecturers are discussed. The ʼnŖÙͿúäěäàĆĢú ūĆěě àäÚĆàä Ćù őĂäű ÁŅä ʼnÁőĆʼnƈäà ūĆőĂ őĂä improvement plan of the course.

When the sub-geleding concludes that the course also needs to be evaluated with all the PC-ME members the results of the questionnaire and the improvement plans will also be discussed in the Program Committee.

Program Committee Mechanical Engineering (PC-ME) Students Commissioner of Education KwaZo Employee Lecturers

Ăä ŅĩúŅÁġ ĩġġĆőőää ÚĩĢʼnĆʼnőʼn ĩù ƈŪä ʼnőŖàäĢőʼn ÁĢà ƈŪä ʼnőÁƅ ġäġÙäŅʼn͡ ūĂĩ àĆʼnÚŖʼnʼn Áěě őĂä ÚĂÁĢúäʼn ÁĢà Ăĩő topics concerning education within the Department of Mechanical Engineering. The Program Committee is also the advisory committee of the department union, the department board and the program director.

WRITTEN BY 2ǣȱǡǓ :ȨǚǤȨǣǢȨǞ

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Education

Questionnaires The course evaluation consists of a questionnaire that can be ƈěěäà ĆĢ Ùű Áěě ʼnőŖàäĢőʼn őĂÁő ùĩěěĩū őĂä ÚĩŖŅʼnä͠ 'ŪäŅű ÚĩŖŅʼnä Ćʼn evaluated at least once every three years. If a course is new it will be evaluated for at least two years in a row. The course will also be evaluated if big changes are made or if the course had a negative evaluation last year.

Quality Insurance (KwaZo) Employee The KwaZo employee will receive the raw results of the questionnaires. These results will be processed and are given to the responsible lecturer. When the course questionnaire is from a basic course the central KwaZo employee will look into these results.

Major Courses

Results of the questionnaires

Basic Courses

.SMRX 4VSKVEQ 'SQQMXXII (JPC) There are two JPC’s one for the Bachelor and one for the Master. In every JPC chamber, there is one student ÁĢà ĩĢä ʼnőÁƅ ġäġÙäŅ ĩù äŪäŅű àäłÁŅőġäĢő͠ Ăä U ensures the consistency between the departments and discusses the umbrella topics concerning education that are important for all the departments.

.SMRX 4VSKVEQ 'SQQMXXII &EGLIPSV (JPC-B) In the JPC-B meetings, the results of the questionnaire of the basic courses are discussed. When big changes will be made or the results of the course evaluation indicated that the course does not meet the standard of the TU/e, the responsible lecturer will give a presentation about the course evaluation and the improvements they want to make.

The JPC-B will get the opportunity to give feedback on the improvement plan before it gets implemented.

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Student Councils The other part of the course evaluation is the feedback received from the student councils. This feedback is more direct than the questionnaires as the feedback is also given during the quartile, so the lecturer can respond to it quicker.

7XYHIRX 'SYRGMPW &EGLIPSV For the bachelor, there are three student councils, one for every year. During these meetings, the students give feedback about the courses that they have. On request of the lecturer or the students, the lecturer is invited to these meetings, so questions can be asked and answered directly.

Major Courses

Feedback from the students

Quality Insurance (KwaZo) Employee The KwaZo employee receives the feedback from the Student Councils via the Commissioner of Education.

This feedback will be sent to the responsible lecturers.

Lecturers The lecturers get the feedback during the quartile so the feedback can directly be taken into account and the course can be improved.

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Basic Courses

Education

Student Councils: Master Panels ;ĩŅ őĂä ġÁʼnőäŅ łÁĢäěʼn͡ Ćő úĩäʼn àĆƅäŅäĢő Áʼn őĂäŅä ÁŅä much more courses in the master. Therefore the master panels do not have a regular meeting but have a group chat. There is a group chat for all the (interdepartmental) masters: Mechanical Engineering, Automotive Technologies, Sustainable Energy Technology and Systems and Control. In this chat, the Commissioner of Education asks what the students think of the courses twice a quartile.

Monitoring Group Master or &EGLIPSV (MGM or MGB) The Monitoring Groups (Bachelor and Master) consists of a student from every department and one of the deans, Lex Lemmens (Dean of Bachelor College) or Paul Koenraad (Dean of Graduate School). During this meeting, the feedback of the basic courses from the student councils will be discussed. This way the feedback from all the departments can be compared and a joint advice can be given to the responsible lecturer.

Conclusion In conclusion, a lot is done with the feedback that is received via the questionnaires and the student councils. By giving this feedback ʼnőŖàäĢőʼn ÚÁĢ ĂÁŪä Á ÙĆú ĆĢƉŖäĢÚä ĩĢ őĂä ńŖÁěĆőű ĩù őĂä ÚĩŖŅʼnäʼn ÁĢà őĂŖʼn the quality of the education. Students who are interested in the quality insurance have the opportunity to become more active.

If you want to know more about the feedback loop or you want to be actively involved in the quality insurance you can always contact the Quality Insurance Employee (Quality.Assurance.MECH@tue.nl) or the Commissioner of Education (ĩĢàäŅūĐʼnϝʼnĆġĩĢʼnőäŪĆĢ͠őŖä͠Ģě).

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Tech

Image by: KeyShot

TU/ECOMOTIVE

*631 TRASH TO TREASURE

WRITTEN BY .90)7 :%)7

2,1 Billion tonnes of waste is generated every single year. A lot of this ends up wasted in laĢàƈěěʼn ÁĢà ĩÚäÁĢʼn͠ ͭäÚĩġĩőĆŪä ūÁĢőʼn őĩ ʼnĂĩū őĂÁő ūÁʼnőä ÚÁĢ Áěʼnĩ Ùä Á ŪÁěŖÁÙěä resource. That is why they present: Luca The current team is already the 6th generation of TU/ecomotive. The student team has always been about promoting environment-friendly solutions in the automotive industry, ÙŖő őĂä äŰÁÚő úĩÁěʼn àĆƅäŅ ùŅĩġ úäĢäŅÁőĆĩĢ őĩ úäĢäŅÁőĆĩĢ͠ Ăä ƈŅʼnő ÚÁŅ͡ äĢĢű͡ ūÁʼn Á ʼnĆĢúěäͿʼnäÁőäŅ àäʼnĆúĢäà őĩ łÁŅőĆÚĆłÁőä in the Shell Eco-marathon. The goal of this competition is őĩ ÙŖĆěà őĂä ġĩʼnő äƆÚĆäĢő ÚÁŅ͠ äĢĢű ÚĩŖěà őŅÁŪäě ͳÚĩĢŪäŅőäà őĩ łäőŅĩěʹ ̡̢̣ ėġ ĩĢ ̟ Z͠ Ăä ĢäŰő úäĢäŅÁőĆĩĢʼn àĆà Ģĩő ÙäÁő this record but instead focused on other goals. For example, the second car, Isa, had been designed to be more practical so that it could be driven on public roads. However, Isa’s ʼnŖÚÚäʼnʼnĩŅ͡ aĩŪÁ͡ ġĩŪäà ĆĢ Á Úĩġłěäőäěű àĆƅäŅäĢő àĆŅäÚőĆĩĢ͠ Hő is a modular car, which means that parts of the car can easily Ùä őÁėäĢ ĩƅ ÁĢà ʼnūĆőÚĂäà ùĩŅ ĩőĂäŅ łÁŅőʼn͡ àäłäĢàĆĢú ĩĢ őĂä

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user’s needs. After Nova, the world was introduced to the ƈŅʼnő ʼnőŅŖÚőŖŅÁě ÙĆĩͿÙÁʼnäà ÚÁŅ͡ Áěʼnĩ ėĢĩūĢ Áʼn ZĆĢÁ͠ ĂĆʼn ūÁʼn őĂä ƈŅʼnő ÚÁŅ ĩù ūĂĆÚĂ ÙĩőĂ őĂä ÚĂÁʼnʼnĆʼn ÁĢà őĂä Ùĩàű łÁĢäěʼn ÁŅä ġÁàä ùŅĩġ łěÁĢőʼn ͳƉÁŰʹ͠ ©ĆőĂ ZĆĢÁ͡ őĂä őäÁġ őĩĩė Á Ģäū direction by focusing on a new and innovative way to make cars. Her follow-up, Noah, took this fresh approach even further by making the car completely circular. This brings us to the newest and sexiest member of the TU/ecomotive ùÁġĆěű͢ ZŖÚÁ͠ ĂĆʼn ʼnłĩŅőű ÚÁŅ ŅäƉäÚőʼn ĩĢ Áěě úŅäÁő ÁʼnłäÚőʼn of previous generations and takes it to a whole new level.

Simultaneously, it strives to provide an answer to the waste problem mentioned earlier. These are quite some statements, but how is Luca going to do this?

Tech

ME

Image by: KeyShot

*PI\MRK [MXL ƽE\

Moving ahead

The main structural part of Luca, the monocoque, will be entirely made from a sandwich composite. This composite has been developed by the team itself and consists of 2 àĆƅäŅäĢő łÁŅőʼn͡ őĂä ÚĩŅä ÁĢà őĂä ʼnėĆĢʼn͠ Ăä ÚĩŅä ÚĩĢʼnĆʼnőʼn ĩù recycled PET bottles in a honeycomb structure for maximal ʼnőŅäĢúőĂ ÁĢà ġĆĢĆġÁě ūäĆúĂő͠ Ăä ʼnėĆĢʼn ÁŅä ġÁàä ĩù ƉÁŰ͡ which is a plant that grows in most moderate climates, and polypropylene (PP), a widely used thermoplastic, which is moldable at high temperatures and mostly used for packaging.

This PP has been taken out of the ocean and recycled. From őĂä ƉÁŰ͡ ěĩĢú ƈÙŅäʼn ÁŅä őÁėäĢ ÁĢà ĆġłŅäúĢÁőäà ͳġĆŰäàʹ ūĆőĂ the PP to get a coherent tape. Subsequently, several layers of this tape are attached to each other in various angles. This makes it strong in multiple directions. When this is done, the ʼnėĆĢʼn ÁŅä ÁőőÁÚĂäà őĩ ÚŅäÁőä őĂä ƈĢÁě ʼnÁĢàūĆÚĂ łÁĢäě͠

You may have noticed by now that the front and rear wheels in the illustration above are not the same. This has an important ŅäÁʼnĩĢͣ őĂä äěäÚőŅĆÚ ġĩőĩŅʼn ÁŅä àĆŅäÚőěű łěÁÚäà ĆĢʼnĆàä őĂä ŅäÁŅ wheels. So-called in-wheel motors are used for this purpose. Ăä ĆàäÁ ÙäĂĆĢà Ćő Ćʼn őĂÁő őĂä ÙÁőőäŅűͿőĩͿūĂääě äƆÚĆäĢÚű ūĆěě Ùä Á ěĩő ĂĆúĂäŅ őĂÁĢ Ćő ūĩŖěà ĩőĂäŅūĆʼnä Ùä͠ ĂĆʼn äƆÚĆäĢÚű ùĩŅ modern electric motors lies somewhere between 70% and 90% due to all sorts of losses, while it should approximately be 92% for the automobile of the team.

As can be seen in the image above, Luca will feature a spaceframe made from aluminium and not from sandwich panels. This has two reasons. Firstly, less aluminium is required to make a strong spaceframe, so this reduces weight.

And secondly, it is a more suitable option to ensure passenger safety.

Plastic fantastic Another selling point of Luca is its body. This will be made from a mixture of two plastics, recycled PP and the UBQ™ Material. Polypropylene is already widely used for car bumpers because it can absorb a lot of kinetic energy before it is plastically deformed (unlike steel or aluminium). This second material is special in that it is entirely made from household waste. This Israel-based company aims to make ěÁĢàƈěěʼn ĩÙʼnĩěäőä Ùű ĆĢÚĩŅłĩŅÁőĆĢú ūÁʼnőä ĆĢ Á ÚĆŅÚŖěÁŅ ġĩàäě so that it can always be reused. These two plastics are ÚĩġÙĆĢäà ƈùőűͿƈùőű őĩ ÚŅäÁőä őĂä Ùĩàű ĩù őĂä ÚÁŅ͠

Pocket entertainment A new point of focus for the team is the software inside the car. Luca will not feature an extensive infotainment system (think of radio, navigation or screens) found in almost all cars. They argue that these systems are rarely used (only 4% of the time, since a car is mostly at rest) and thus a waste of recourses.

Therefore, the team is developing a system together with NXP in which a smartphone forms the infotainment system of the car. The idea is that anyone’s phone can be placed in a socket, which connects it to Luca. Subsequently, essential navigation will be shown at the bottom of the windshield) and music will be played through the car’s audio setup.

Embrace waste Luca is still very much in development, but the team will start the assembly early 2020 and has announced that Luca will be ready in June 2020. #Ćà űĩŖ ƈĢà őĂĆʼn ÁŅőĆÚěä ĆĢőäŅäʼnőĆĢú ÁĢà àĩ űĩŖ ūÁĢő őĩ ėĢĩū more about Luca and TU/ecomotive? Look for us on social media and visit us on ūūū͠őŖäÚĩġĩőĆŪä͠Ģě.

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Education

Interview Lambert van Breemen

What and where did you study?

“I studied Mechanical Engineering at this University. I started in 1997, after the bachelor and master I started with a PhD łŅĩúŅÁġ͠ HĢ ̠̞​̧̞ H ƈĢĆʼnĂäà ġű Ă#͠Ό

Does this mean that you never worked anywhere else besides this university?

“No, after my PhD graduation I went abroad for a PostDoc of two years.

One and a half year at the ETH Zürich and another half year in Greece at the National Technical University of Athens.

In 2011 I started at the TU Eindhoven again. I helped with the reorganization of the Bachelor Colleges within Mechanical Engineering.

I reorganized the Mechanics course with Martien Hulsen and coordinated the Computation and Experimental Mechanics (CEM) elective łÁÚėÁúä ūĆőĂ ĩĢ ääŅěĆĢúʼn͠Ό

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What did you like about your student time?

“I was part of the board of the Cultural Festival Virus (CFV) for one year. This was a festival held on the campus of the TU/e initially organized by the AOR (Algemene OntmoetingsRuimte), a student café/ ÙÁŅ ĆĢ őĂä ĩěà ΋ ŖĢėäŅΌ͠ H ʼnłäĢő Á ěĩő ĩù my student time in the AOR in front and working behind the bar. The CFV was an initiative of enthusiastic students.

In the board, I was the chairman. In the successive years, I was part of the terrain committee. The festival sadly does not exists anymore.

Next to this, I liked the lectures of Leon Govaert. He made his lectures fun by adding jokes and by doing live experiments. As a result, I did my úŅÁàŖÁőĆĩĢ łŅĩĔäÚő ÁĢà Ă# ūĆőĂ ĂĆġ͠Ό

Which courses do you give and which course do you like giving the most? ΋H úĆŪä őĂä ÚĩŖŅʼnäʼnͣ `äÚĂÁĢĆÚʼn͡ őŅäĢúőĂ and Structure, Experimental and Numerical Skills and Multiscale Modeling for Polymer Mechanics. Teaching is the most fun if there is good interaction between students and teachers.

I like giving the course Strength and Structure most, as this is an elective course, so students are more motivated.

Next to this, a lot of students from other departments follow this course, so this gives a nice mixed group. The group also has a nice size. There typically are 150 students that follow the course, this group is not too big, but big enough to ĂÁŪä Á ěÁŅúä ŪÁŅĆäőű ĩù ʼnőŖàäĢőʼn͠Ό

Which project did you like the most?

“I like all the project I do, otherwise I would not do them. A project that was particularly fun to do was a project with Friesland Campina. This project was about cheese with a low-fat percentage. ©ä őŅĆäà őĩ ƈúŖŅä ĩŖő ūĂű őĂä őäŰőŖŅäͭ taste is worse than cheese with a high-fat percentage. We looked at the structure, modelled it and tried to improve the őäŰőŖŅä ÙÁʼnäà ĩĢ ĩŖŅ ġĩàäěěĆĢú äƅĩŅőʼn͠Ό

Do you have any hobbies?

“Yes, I like sports a lot. I swim twice a week and I squash once a week with an old friend. My friend lives in Maastricht now and I live in Neunen, but we meet in the middle to play squash together. Next to this, I like to hike in the mountains.

Back in the days, I would hike with friends. Now my children start to get old äĢĩŖúĂ őĩ ĂĆėä ūĆőĂ ġä͠Ό You are part of the Program Committee of Mechanical Engineering. Why did you join the Program Committee?

“Since we are a university we need to ĩƅäŅ ĂĆúĂͿńŖÁěĆőű äàŖÚÁőĆĩĢ͡ ĢäŰő őĩ conducting high-quality research. One of the goals of the Program Committee is to guard and ensure the quality of the education of Mechanical Engineering, so őĂÁő Ćʼn ūĂű H ĔĩĆĢäà͠Ό

What is your advice to students?

“My advice is to make the exercises and attend the guided self-study. A study showed that practising exercises Ćʼn ÁĢ äƆÚĆäĢő ūÁű ĩù ěäÁŅĢĆĢú͠ ©ĩŅėĆĢú together with fellow students and explaining the exercises to each other is łŅĩŪäĢ őĩ Ùä őĂä ġĩʼnő äƅäÚőĆŪä͠Ό

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8,) 69&-/ƅ7 '9&) WRITTEN BY 0Ǘȱ /ǝȨǞȰȨǚǙ

There are quite a few phenomena that people just cannot wrap their head around. For a lot of us these are subjects like magic tricks, where the magician suddenly changes the face of őĂä łěÁűĆĢú ÚÁŅà Ăä ĔŖʼnő úÁŪä őĩ űĩŖ͠ `ĩŅä ÁÙʼnőŅÁÚő őĂĆĢúʼn ěĆėä őĂä ΍ĢŖġÙäŅΎ ĆĢƈĢĆőű ÁŅä ĂÁŅà őĩ úŅÁʼnł ùĩŅ ġĩʼnő łäĩłěä͠ ĢĩőĂäŅ͡ ġĩŅä łěÁűùŖě͡ ĩÙĔäÚő őĂÁő ġĩʼnő łäĩłěä ƈĢà àÁŹŹěĆĢú Ćʼn the well-known Rubik’s Cube. While looking very innocent with its simple colours, it leaves ġĩʼnő łäĩłěä ÚĩĢùŖʼnäà ūĂäĢ őĂäű łĆÚė ĩĢä Ŗł ùĩŅ őĂä ƈŅʼnő őĆġä͠ Structure When inspecting a Rubik’s Cube, there seem to be a lot of possible ways to arrange all pieces and stickers. However, when taking a closer look, the pieces – also called ‘cubies’ – ÚÁĢ Ùä àĆŪĆàäà ĆĢőĩ őĂŅää àĆƅäŅäĢő ÚÁőäúĩŅĆäʼn͠

Then there are the edges. The edges can be recognized as the cubies with two stickers. Because the faces of a Rubik’s Cube can only be turned by 90O per turn, the edges can only be swapped with other edges. Making this step in the thinking process greatly reduces the complexity of the cube.

Lastly, we have the corners. These are the cubies with three stickers, and are located at each corner of the cube, as the name already suggests. As with the edges, corners can only be swapped with other corners.

Number of combinations First of all, there are the centre pieces. These pieces are in őĂä ġĆààěä ĩù äÁÚĂ ùÁÚä͡ àäƈĢĆĢú őĂä ùÁÚäΎʼn ÚĩěĩŖŅ͡ ÁĢà ġÁėä up the core of the cube. It is important to note that, however the cube is turned and twisted, the centres will always stay at the same place relative to each other. This means that the blue face will always be next to the red and orange face, for example.

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When considering that all pieces can be turned around individually, the possible number of permutations of a Rubik’s Cube can be calculated. The greatness of the number declares why it is so hard to solve a Rubik’s Cube without any ėĢĩūěäàúä͢ ̧̢̡̧̧̡̣̟̞̠̞̠̦̥̦̠̥̠̞͡͡͡͡͡͡​̞​̞ łĩʼnʼnĆÙěä łäŅġŖőÁőĆĩĢʼn can be made by arranging each cubie individually.

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#ĩĢΎő ūĩŅŅű͡ őĂä ʼnłäÚĆƈÚ ġĩŪäġäĢő ĩù őĂä ÚŖÙä łŅäŪäĢőʼn Á number of permutations and thus this number is not the actual number of states of the cube. However, when disregarding all states that are impossible to reach without disassembling the cube, the number of permutations is still mind-boggling: ̢̡̠̣̠̞͡͡​̡̢̢̧̞̠̥̦̦̣̤̞͡͡͡͡​̞ łäŅġŖőÁőĆĩĢʼn ÁŅä ʼnőĆěě łĩʼnʼnĆÙěä͠ Having a cube for each possible combination and laying these out on the surface of the earth, an extra layer of 15 kilometres thick would be added to the earth. When wrapping them all in a big ball, a mini planet with a diameter of 250 kilometres could be created. Now that’s a big number.

Solving the cube ʼn ūä ÁěŅäÁàű ʼnÁū őĂäŅä ÁŅä àĆƅäŅäĢő ėĆĢàʼn ĩù łĆäÚäʼn͡ ūä ÚÁĢ now make the link that the cube not just exists of separate stickers, but pairs of stickers. The piece that has a white and blue sticker, will never have any other stickers and thus these two stickers are linked. This means that, instead of solving ùÁÚäʼn ĩù őĂä ÚŖÙä͡ ūĂĆÚĂ ġĩʼnő łäĩłěä őŅű őĩ àĩ Áő ƈŅʼnő ͳőĂĆĢė ĩù őĂä ūäěěͿėĢĩūĢ ʼnőÁőäġäĢő ΋H ÚÁĢ ʼnĩěŪä őūĩ ūĂĩěä ùÁÚäʼnͥΌʹ͡ őĂä ÚŖÙä ÚÁĢ Ùä ʼnĩěŪäà ĆĢ ěÁűäŅʼn͠ ;ĆŅʼnő͡ őĂä äàúäʼn ĩù őĂä ƈŅʼnő layer are solved. Then, the layer is completed by solving the remaining corners. ©ĂäĢ őĂĆʼn ʼnőäł Ćʼn ƈĢĆʼnĂäà͡ őĂä ʼnäÚĩĢà ěÁűäŅ Ćʼn ʼnĩěŪäà Ùű putting in the corresponding edges. Afterwards, the last layer Ćʼn ʼnĩěŪäà Ùű ƈŅʼnő ùÁÚĆĢú Áěě őĂä ʼnőĆÚėäŅʼn ĩù őĂä ŅäġÁĆĢĆĢú ùÁÚä upwards, which orients all pieces correctly, and then the pieces are permuted by swapping them around, ultimately solving the cube.

Now this all sound quite straightforward and intuitive, right?

However, as anybody that has picked up a Rubik’s Cube once knows, this is all but straightforward and intuitive. This is ÙäÚÁŖʼnä͡ ĢĩŅġÁěěű ÁùőäŅ ʼnĩěŪĆĢú őĂä ƈŅʼnő ěÁűäŅ͡ űĩŖ ūĆěě ĂÁŪä to start messing up solved pieces to get new ones in the right ʼnłĩő͠ ĂĆʼn Ćʼn ūĂäŅä łŅäͿàäƈĢäà ʼnäńŖäĢÚäʼn ĩù ġĩŪäʼn͡ ÚÁěěäà algorithms, come in and steal the show.

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Algorithms To solve the Rubik’s Cube, algorithms are used to manipulate ÚäŅőÁĆĢ łĆäÚäʼn ĆĢ Á ʼnłäÚĆƈÚ ūÁű͠ ěúĩŅĆőĂġʼn äŰĆʼnő ĆĢ Áěě ʼnĩŅőʼn ĩù ʼnĂÁłäʼn ÁĢà ʼnĆŹäʼn͢ őĂäŅä ÁŅä ÁěúĩŅĆőĂġʼn őĩ ƈĢĆʼnĂ ƈŅʼnőͿ layer cases, to insert second-layer edges, to swap edges and corners around in the last layer and combinations of said categories. Algorithms can be short, long, using complicated moves or basic turns. However, all algorithms have at least one thing in common: they use so-called cube notation, a ÚĩĢŪäĢőĆĩĢ ÁÙĩŖő Ăĩū őĩ àäƈĢä ūĂĆÚĂ ěÁűäŅ őĩ őŖŅĢ͡ ÁĢà ĆĢ which direction.

HĢ őĂä ƈúŖŅä ĩĢ őĂä Ùĩőőĩġ ěäùő͡ őĂä ĢĩőÁőĆĩĢ ĩù őĂä ÚŖÙä is explained. When holding a cube, each face now has a corresponding letter: the front layer corresponds to the F, the down to the D and so on for the Left, Right, Back and Upper ùÁÚäʼn͠ ű ūŅĆőĆĢú ͡ űĩŖ Ģĩū ėĢĩū őĂÁő ƈŅʼnőěű͡ űĩŖ ĂÁŪä őĩ turn the Upper layer, after which you rotate the Right layer.

But, in which direction should you twist your beloved cube?

The standard rule is that a turn is a twist of 90O, or a quarter of a full rotation, when looking at the corresponding face. So, when the algorithm tells you to perform B, you have to turn the Back face with 90O clockwise. When a prime is added, B’, the turn is inverted, meaning you rotate the Back face 90O counter clockwise. Another addition can be a 2, meaning the move is doubled. For example, D2 (or D2) means that the Down layer should be rotated 180O. Combining all of this gives everybody the ability to ‘read’ algorithms and manipulate the cube as desired.

R U R’ U’ R’ F R2 U’ R’ U’ R U R’ F’ Above, an algorithm for the last layer is written. As described by the colours of the separate cubies, all yellow stickers are facing upwards, they are just not permuted correctly – in other words, some pieces have to be swapped to fully solve the cube. Which pieces will swap is shown using the arrows.

In this case, the left and right edge will be swapped, as well as the two right corners.

Practice As with most things that require learning, practice makes perfect. There are a lot of tools that have been developed to help you learn the algorithms that are required to solve the cube, and to improve your insight in the cube which improves űĩŖŅ ÁÙĆěĆőű őĩ ěäÁŅĢ Ģäū őĂĆĢúʼn͠ #ĆƅäŅäĢő ġäőĂĩàʼn ÚÁĢ Ùä learned, such as CFOP, which combines a few of the steps of the basic solving method. Algorithms sheets and instruction videos are widely available, for example on the CubeSkills website, put together by Guinness World Records holder Feliks Zemdegs. Tutorials vary from beginner level all the way to highly advanced levels. And of course, there is always something new to learn, regardless of the level of the person.

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&ȲȰǥȨǡǞǛ *ǤǟȲǡ 4ǛǞǣȨȰǙ Stabilization ĩù ĆŅĩĢ ƉÁġä by creating a ʼnūĆŅěĆĢú Ɖĩū As a subdivided task by the iron combustion research group of the TU/e, my task was to investigate how to properely stabilize the combustion process when burning iron powder.

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Education

As part of a larger connected network of research departments, the TU/e is currently investigating the possibilities for more sustainable ways to generate energy for the masses. One of the projects seems promising, although still in the beginning phase. A dedicated research group, as well as the student team SOLID, focuses on the application of iron powder combustion. For my bachelore ƈĢÁě łŅĩĔäÚő ġű őÁʼnė Ćʼn őĩ àĩ ŅäʼnäÁŅÚĂ ĩĢ őĂä ÚĩġÙŖʼnőĆĩĢ łŅĩÚäʼnʼn ÁĢà ÁĢÁěűŹä őĂä Ɖĩū ĆĢ ĩŅàäŅ őĩ Úĩġä Ŗł ūĆőĂ ʼnĩěŖőĆĩĢʼn őĩ ĆĢÚŅäÁʼnä őĂä ʼnőÁÙĆěĆőű ĩù őĂä ÚĩġÙŖʼnőĆĩĢ ƉÁġä͠ ű ÚŅäÁőĆĢú Á ʼnūĆŅěĆĢú Ɖĩū ĩù őĂä ĆŅĩĢ łĩūàäŅͿÁĆŅ ġĆŰőŖŅä͡ őĂä ƉÁġä Ćʼn őĩ Ùä ġÁĢĆłŖěÁőäà őĩ ŅäġÁĆĢ ĆĢ őĂä ʼnÁġä łĩʼnĆőĆĩĢ͡ Áʼn ūäěě Áʼn őĩ Ģĩő Ùěĩū ĩƅ͡ ĩŅ ÚÁŖʼnä ƉÁʼnĂÙÁÚė͡ both of which will be discussed later.

#ĆƄäŅäĢő őűłäʼn ĩù ʼnūĆŅě ĆĢ őĂä ƈĩū For applications in power plants or in ships, a constant supply of energy is required, which means that the iron powder should be burned at a stable rate. Since the fuel in this case consists of air and powder, the mixture is not homogeneous, unlike gasoline for example. This induces Á àĆƅäŅäĢő ÙŖŅĢĆĢú łŅĩÚäʼnʼn͠ HĢ ĩŅàäŅ őĩ ÚŅäÁőä Á ʼnőÁÙěä ƉÁġä͡ őĂä ʼnŖłłěű ŅÁőä ĩù łĩūàäŅ ĂÁʼn őĩ ŅäġÁĆĢ ÚĩĢʼnőÁĢő͠ Fluctuations in the powder quantity cause the air-to-fuel ratio to momentarily increase or decrease, resulting in the ƉÁġä őĩ ʼnŖƅĩÚÁőä Áʼn őĂäŅä Ćʼn ʼnŖààäĢ ěÁÚė ĩù äĆőĂäŅ ùŖäě ĩŅ ÁĆŅ͠ łÁŅő ùŅĩġ Á ÚĩĢʼnőÁĢő łĩūàäŅ Ɖĩū͡ őĂäŅä Ćʼn Áěʼnĩ őĂä ÁĢÚĂĩŅĆĢú ĩù őĂä ƉÁġä͠ ©ĂäĢ őĂä łĩūàäŅͿÁĆŅ ġĆŰőŖŅä ěäÁŪäʼn őĂä łĆłä őĂä Ɖĩū Ćʼn Ģĩ ěĩĢúäŅ úŖĆàäà Ùű őĂä łĆłä ūÁěě͠ ©ĂäĢ őĂä łĩūàäŅ Ćʼn ĆúĢĆőäà͡ őĂä ƉÁġä łŅĩłÁúÁőäʼn Ùű the conduction and radiation of heat to nearby particles. ©ĂäĢ ÚĩġłÁŅäà őĩ őĂä ƉÁġä łŅĩłÁúÁőĆĩĢ ĩù ġĩŅä ÚĩġġĩĢ͡ ěĆńŖĆà ùŖäěʼn͡ őĂä ƉÁġä łŅĩłÁúÁőĆĩĢ ŪäěĩÚĆőű vf Ćʼn ʼnĆúĢĆƈÚÁĢőěű ěĩūäŅ͠ HĢ őĂä ĆàäÁě ʼnĆőŖÁőĆĩĢ őĂä ƉÁġä remains stable and in place. This means that the upwards, ÁŰĆÁě ŪäěĩÚĆőű ĩù őĂä łĩūàäŅͿÁĆŅ Ɖĩū͡ ěäőΎʼn ÚÁěě őĂÁő Ūm, has őĩ Ùä äŰÁÚőěű äńŖÁě őĩ őĂä ƉÁġä łŅĩłÁúÁőĆĩĢ ŪäěĩÚĆőű͠ ʼn őĂä Ɖĩū ĩù őĂä ùŖäě ŖłūÁŅàʼn Ćʼn őĂäĢ äńŖÁě őĩ őĂä ƉÁġä ŪäěĩÚĆőű àĩūĢūÁŅàʼn͡ őĂä ƉÁġä àĩäʼn Ģĩő ġĩŪä͠ ĂĆʼn Ćʼn however hard to achieve, as a sudden change in velocity, powder quantity or interference of the surroundings can ÁěőäŅ őĂä Ɖĩū ĩŖőʼnĆàä ĩù őĂä ĆĢěäő łĆłä͠ ĂĆʼn ŅäʼnŖěőʼn ĆĢ őĂä ƉÁġä äĆőĂäŅ ÙěĩūĆĢú ÁūÁű ùŅĩġ őĂä ĆĢěäő łĆłä ͳÙěĩū ĩƅʹ͡

or even returning towards the inlet pipe. The latter can cause the powder to already ignite inside the inlet pipe ͳƉÁʼnĂÙÁÚėʹ͡ ūĂĆÚĂ Ćʼn ʼnĩġäőĂĆĢú őĂÁő űĩŖ ūÁĢő őĩ łŅäŪäĢő at all costs. One way to deal with this problem is by adding ʼnūĆŅě őĩ őĂä Ɖĩū͡ őĂä ġÁĆĢ ʼnĩěŖőĆĩĢ őĂÁő H Áġ ūĩŅėĆĢú ĩĢ͠ Ăä äƅäÚő ĩù ʼnūĆŅě Ćʼn őĩ ÚŅäÁőä Á ʼnőÁúĢÁőĆĩĢ ŹĩĢä͡ Á łĩʼnĆőĆĩĢ àĩūĢūÁŅàʼn őĂä Ɖĩū ūĂäŅä őĂä ÁŰĆÁě ŪäěĩÚĆőű ĩù őĂä łÁŅőĆÚěäʼn àäÚěĆĢäʼn͠ ¯ĩŖ ÚÁĢ ĆġÁúĆĢä őĂÁő ūĂäĢ Á ʼnūĆŅěĆĢú Ɖĩū ĩù ÁĢ iron-air mixture exits the pipe, the particles will move outwards, as a result of centrifugal forces. Immediately after, the lack of particles in the center creates a lowpressure zone along the axial axis. This low-pressure zone causes the iron particles to return inwards again.

With low amounts of swirl, the mixture will then continue Ćőʼn ūÁű ŖłūÁŅàʼn ÁúÁĆĢ͡ Áʼn Ćʼn ʼnääĢ ĆĢ őĂä ƈúŖŅä őĩ őĂä ěäùő͠ ;ĩŅ ĂĆúĂ ʼnūĆŅě͡ őĂä łŅäʼnʼnŖŅä àĆƅäŅäĢÚä ĆĢÚŅäÁʼnäʼn őĩ őĂä point that the mixture starts recirculating in the towards őĂä ÚäĢőäŅ͠ ĂĆʼn äƅäÚő ÚÁĢ Ùű äŰłěĩĆőäà ùĩŅ ġÁĆĢőÁĆĢĆĢú őĂä combustion process, since the stagnation zones provide a ʼnłĩő ùĩŅ őĂä ƉÁġä őĩ ÁĢÚĂĩŅ͠ Ăä ĆĢłŖő ŪäěĩÚĆőű Ćʼn ÚĂĩʼnäĢ such that below the stagnation zone in the picture to the ěäùő͡ őĂä ŖłūÁŅàʼn ŪäěĩÚĆőű Ćʼn ĂĆúĂäŅ őĂÁĢ őĂä ƉÁġä ŪäěĩÚĆőű͠ When approaching the point of stagnation, the upwards velocity of the mixture will reduce to a speed much lower őĂÁĢ őĂä ƉÁġä ŪäěĩÚĆőű͡ ĩĢěű őĩ ĆĢÚŅäÁʼnä ÁúÁĆĢ ÁùőäŅ őĂä łĩĆĢő ĩù ʼnőÁúĢÁőĆĩĢ͠ ĂĆʼn ŅäʼnŖěőʼn ĆĢ őĂä ƉÁġä őĩ ŅäġÁĆĢ ĆĢ place, as it cannot go further upwards the stream and will not move further downwards the stream.

Secondly, the recirculation zone serves as to supply and contain heat towards the unburned particles, which secure őĂä łĩʼnĆőĆĩĢ ĩù őĂä ƉÁġä͡ Áʼn ūäěě Áʼn ʼnŖłłĩŅő ÚĩĢőĆĢŖĩŖʼn combustion of the particles.

So much for the theoretical part of the project. The practical part of my research serves as a method to verify the assumptions and expectations that came out of my literature research, as well as to test whether the theoretical intensity of the swirl is achieved in practice. ;ĩŅ őĂä ġäÁʼnŖŅäġäĢő ĩù őĂä Ɖĩū őĂä ʼnäőŖł Ùäěĩū Ćʼn ÙŖĆěő͠ Using laser diagnostics in the form of Particle Image ¨äěĩÚĆġäőŅű ͳ H¨ʹ͡ őĂä Ɖĩū ÚÁĢ Ùä őŅÁĢʼněÁőäà őĩ ĢŖġÙäŅʼn and patterns on your computer.

ÚĂäġÁőĆÚ ĩŪäŅŪĆäū ĩù őĂä H¨ ʼnäőŖł

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The way PIV works is as follows: Using a laser and two lenses a laser sheet is created. This 2D sheet is then ÁěĆúĢäà ÁěĩĢú őĂä łŅĩƈěä ĩù őĂä ĆĢěäő łĆłä͡ ĆěěŖġĆĢÁőĆĢú the particles passing through. Since the sheet is twodimensional, only movement within the plane is visible. ;ĩŅ ̡# ġäÁʼnŖŅäġäĢőʼn Á ʼnäÚĩĢà ÚÁġäŅÁ ʼnĂĩŖěà Ùä installed in order to see depth. It also requires a much more powerful laser, as the entire surrounding has to be illuminated. For my measurements 2D PIV was enough to àäőäŅġĆĢä őĂä ÚĂÁŅÁÚőäŅĆʼnőĆÚʼn ĩù őĂä Ɖĩū͠ äùĩŅä úĩĆĢú ĆĢőĩ ġĩŅä àäłőĂ ÁÙĩŖő H¨͡ ƈŅʼnő őĂä Ŗʼnäà ΍ʼnūĆŅěäŅʼnΎ ÁŅä discussed.

is displayed. Two consecutive images translate to the ŪäÚőĩŅ ƈäěà őĂÁő Ćʼn úĆŪäĢ͠ HĢ őĂä ŅäʼnŖěőĆĢú úŅÁłĂ ʼnĩġä ÚĂÁŅÁÚőäŅĆʼnőĆÚʼn ÚÁĢ Ùä ŅäÚĩúĢĆŹäà͠ Ăä ÁĢÁěűŹäà ƈäěà Ćʼn Á ̠# ġäÁʼnŖŅäġäĢő ĩù őĂä ĆĢőäŅʼnäÚőĆĩĢ ĩù őĂä Ɖĩū àĆŅäÚőěű őĂŅĩŖúĂ őĂä ÚäĢőäŅ ÁŰĆʼn͠ Ăä Ɖĩū Ćʼn ÚĩġĆĢú ùŅĩġ Ùäěĩū and the swirler that is displayed earlier is installed within the pipe. The illuminated part is located directly above the exit of the fuel pipe. Towards the sides a upwards Ɖĩū Ćʼn ŪĆʼnĆÙěä͡ ūĂĆěä őĂä Ɖĩū Ćʼn ÚĩġĆĢú àĩūĢūÁŅàʼn ĆĢ őĂä center. It turns out that the iron powder is barely able őĩ Ɖĩū őĂŅĩŖúĂ őĂä ʼnġÁěě Ăĩěäʼn ĩù őĂä ʼnūĆŅěäŅ͡ ÚÁŖʼnĆĢú őĂä ġÁĔĩŅĆőű ĩù őĂä Ɖĩū őĩ úĩ őĂŅĩŖúĂ őĂä ŪÁĢäʼn ĩĢ őĂä outside. As a result of the low-pressure zone the particles eventually return inwards and downwards again. This is a clear example of the recirculation occuring.

gĢä őűłä ĩù őĂä ΍ʼnūĆŅěäŅΎ͠ ŰĆÁě ƈĩū Úĩġäʼn őĂŅĩŖúĂ őĂä ÚäĢőäŅ Ăĩěäʼn͡ ūĂĆěä őĂä ʼnūĆŅě Ćʼn ÚŅäÁőäà Ùű őĂä ŪÁĢäʼn Áő őĂä ĩŖőʼnĆàä͠ Within the pipe a small device is mounted. Consisting of steel to withstand the high temperatures, the device ġÁĢĆłŖěÁőäʼn őĂä őŅÁĔäÚőĩŅű ĩù őĂä Ɖĩū ÚĩġĆĢú őĂŅĩŖúĂ the pipe. In the center, optional holes serve as to create Á ěÁġĆĢÁŅ Ɖĩū ŖłūÁŅàʼn ÁěĩĢú őĂä ÁŰĆÁě ÁŰĆʼn͠ Ăä ÙěÁàäʼn around the edges create the desired swirl. For my ġäÁʼnŖŅäġäĢőʼn őĂŅää àĆƅäŅäĢő ʼnūĆŅěäŅʼn ĂÁŪä ÙääĢ Ŗʼnäà͠ The one displayed above, one with longer tubes in the center andone with only one, large hole instead of many small ones.

After the setup is completed, the particles can be made visible on your computer screen. Now there are őūĩ ūÁűʼn őĩ ÚÁłőŖŅä őĂä Ɖĩū ĩĢ ÚÁġäŅÁ͠ 'ĆőĂäŅ őĂä frequency of the laser is alternated, or the camera has to capture at a high framerate. For my measurements I used the second method, capturing two consecutive frames within a very short timeframe, while the laser is continuously illuminating the investigation area. When comparing the two images, a small displacement of äŪäŅű łÁŅőĆÚěä Ćʼn ŪĆʼnŖÁěĆŹäà͠ ʼnĆĢú ʼnĩùőūÁŅä Á ŪäÚőĩŅ ƈäěà can be constructed. When extracting the data achieved by the measurements, the intenstity of the swirl can be calculated as a function of the vertical and horizontal velocity components. Using a camera capable of capturing Áő ̟̞​̞ ùŅÁġäʼn łäŅ ʼnäÚĩĢà őĂä Ɖĩū Ćʼn ÚÁłőŖŅäà͠ ;ĩŅ őĂä chosen input velocity of the mixture, the framerate is enough to determine the desplacements of the particles.

HĢ őĂä ƈúŖŅäʼn őĩ őĂä ŅĆúĂő őĂä ŅäʼnŖěő ĩù Á H¨ ġäÁʼnŖŅäġäĢő

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äʼnŖěőĆĢú ŪäÚőĩŅ Ƈäěà ùŅĩġ őūĩ ÚĩĢʼnäÚŖőĆŪä ĆġÁúäʼn͠ For the remaineder of the project a conclusion has to be drawn, as well to enhance the powder throughput in ĩŅàäŅ őĩ úäő Á ÚĩĢʼnőÁĢő Ɖĩū ūĆőĂ Á ʼnőÁÙěä ÁĆŅͿőĩͿùŖäě ŅÁőĆĩ͠ After the PIV measurements the swirl can be determined and compared to the geometrical, theoretical swirl that ʼnĂĩŖěà ĩÚÚŖŅ͠ ĆĢÚä őĂä ÙäĂÁŪĆĩŅ ĩù ʼnŖÚĂ Á łÁŅőĆÚěä Ɖĩū àŖŅĆĢú ÚĩġÙŖʼnőĆĩĢ àĆƅäŅʼn Á ěĩő ùŅĩġ őĂÁő ĩù ěĆńŖĆà ùŖäěʼn͡ H Ăĩłä őĩ Ùä ÁÙěä őĩ ŅäÚĩúĢĆŹä őĂä àĆƅäŅäĢÚä ÁĢà ÙÁʼnäà ĩĢ ġű ƈĢàĆĢúʼn͡ Ùä ÁÙěä őĩ ĔŖàúä őĂä Ŗʼnäà ʼnūĆŅěäŅʼn ĩĢ őĂäĆŅ performance, or maybe come up with a superior design.

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SWDXt: De ruggengraat Oké, eentje dan.

De ruggengraat: biologisch gezien hebben we er allemaal een, maar de realiteit van het studentenleven doet dit sterk betwijfelen. Een belangrijke deadline morgenochtend doet je de verstandige keuze te maken nog een avond in het MetaForum te verschuilen, alvorens je bed in te duiken. Ver weg van externe factoren, totdat tóch een vriend aan komt zetten met logica die jouw verwarde brein doet denken dat je prima een biertje kan doen op de borrel en daarna wat kan gaan eten bij de Hizmet.

Daarna ga ik wel écht naar huis hoor!

GESCHREVEN DOOR 239( &332)2

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Nee

Studeren

#ä àäƈĢĆőĆä ŪÁĢ Ăäő ūĩĩŅà ΍ĢääΎ͡ ŪĩěúäĢʼn ¨ÁĢ Dale, is als volgt:

De universiteit is een prachtige instelling, die alles doet in de naam der wetenschap.

Het is een plek waar van studenten geacht wordt academische zelfdiscipline te ĂäÙÙäĢ͡ ŹĩàÁő ŹĐ ěäʼnʼnőĩù ĆĢàĆŪĆàŖääě ĩł kunnen nemen. Deze zelfdiscipline is nauw verbonden aan het nee-zeggen, je zou zelfs kunnen zeggen dat het een-en-hetzelfde is. Waar academische zelfdiscipline ervoor zorgt dat je - zelfs wanneer je er geen zin in hebt - jezelf in het MetaForum parkeert, ùÁÚĆěĆőääŅő Ăäő ĢääͿŹäúúäĢ àÁő àĆő ġĩúäěĐė Ćʼn àĩĩŅ ÁƉäĆàĆĢúäĢ àä àäŖŅ őä ūĐŹäĢ͠ #ä ŪŅĐĂäĆà àĆä àä ŖĢĆŪäŅʼnĆőäĆő ĩĢʼn ÙĆäàő͡ úääùő ġĩúäěĐėĂäĆà őĩő ŹäěùĩĢőłěĩĩĆĆĢú àĩĩŅ àä ÙäʼněŖĆőäĢ ÙĐ àä ʼnőŖàäĢő őä ěäúúäĢ͠ Đ úäÙŅäė aan ruggengraat is dit waar het misgaat.

Nee (tussenwerpsel) 1.

Woord om ontkenning uit te

àŅŖėėäĢͣ μ ĢääĢ ͳőäúäĢʼnőäěěĆĢú͢ ĔÁʹ Oké, een woord om ontkenning uit te drukken, dat kan handig van pas komen wanneer je over twee dagen een dringende àäÁàěĆĢä ĂäÙő͡ àĆä ÙäłÁÁěő ĩù ĔĐ ūäě ĩù niet die o-zo-nodige studiepunten kan binnentikken. Daar kun je mee aan de slag!

Je kunt dit woord gebruiken, de volgende keer dat je jaargenootje je aanspoort om op donderdagavond mee te gaan naar Pizzeria Il <ÁŅàĆĢĩ͠ ¨ĩĩŅ ŪäěäĢ Ćʼn àĆő ūĩĩŅà ĆĢ àä łŅÁėőĐė äÚĂőäŅ ġĆĢàäŅ ġÁėėäěĐė őä úäÙŅŖĆėäĢ àÁĢ àä Van Dale ons doet denken.

Moeilijk Op de basis- en middelbare school wordt een set aan basiskennis aangereikt die ons moet helpen het leven door te komen ĩġ Źĩ ääĢ úĩäàä őĩäŪĩäúĆĢú őä ŹĐĢ ÁÁĢ àä ʼnÁġäĢěäŪĆĢú͠ ĩġġĆúä àÁÁŅŪÁĢ ŹĐĢ ʼnĆġłäě͡ zoals het strikken van je veters, een nuttige vaardigheid, dit doen we immers iedere ochtend van ons leven. Andere vaardigheden ūĩŅàäĢ äŅŪÁŅäĢ Áěʼn ġĩäĆěĐė͡ ŹĩÁěʼn àä ääŅʼnőä ėääŅ àÁő ūä ÁěúäÙŅÁ ŪĩĩŅ ĩĢŹä ĢäŖʼn ėŅĐúäĢ͠ ĩÚĂ ūĩŅàő ääĢ ġĩäĆěĐėä äĢ őĩÚĂ ŹäėäŅ ÙäěÁĢúŅĐėä ŪÁÁŅàĆúĂäĆà͡ àä ėŖĢʼnő ŪÁĢ Ăäő Ģää zeggen, niet gedoceerd. Dit is iets wat je zelf moet ontwikkelen, en het studentenleven is daar de uitgelegen kans voor.

Toch niet gelukt Daar sta je dan, midden in de kroeg, omringd door je beste vrienden, mee te zingen met Mariah Carey’s All I Want For Christmas Is You. Je wist dondersgoed dat het vanavond ĢĆäő ÙĐ ååĢ ÙĆäŅőĔä úĆĢú ÙěĐŪäĢ͡ ġÁÁŅ Ĕä ĂäÙő jezelf voorgelogen dat dit ook wel prima is: het komt allemaal wel goed.

Wanneer de ruggengraat wordt belast, is er een cruciaal punt: het omslagpunt.

Dit wordt getypeerd door een stiekeme glimlach, waarna de volgende woorden worden uitgesproken: Oké, eentje dan. Er waren zoveel argumenten om niet mee te gaan, waar je zelf vol bewust van was, maar de gezelligheid en de ‘fear of missing out’ overwonnen.

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&VEO De volgende dag lig je in je bed, met barstende ėĩłłĐĢ͠ Uä ūääő ĔäŹäěù ĩŪäŅäĆĢà őä ĂäěłäĢ͡ ġÁÁŅ met een beetje geluk is het enige wat je naar ÙĆĢĢäĢ ėŅĐúő ääĢ úěÁʼn ūÁőäŅ͠ gĢàäŅūäú ĢÁÁŅ de universiteit weet je nog net een breaker te ėĩłäĢ ÙĐ àä ěÙäŅő DäĐĢ͡ àĆä Ĕä ŹĆäěĆú ĩłʼněŖŅłő͡ őäŅūĐě ĔĐ Ĕä ūäú ŪäŅŪĩěúő͠ Uä ĂäÙő ʼnłĐő ŪÁĢ gisteravond, je had je plan moeten doorzetten ĩġ Ģää őä ŹäúúäĢ őäúäĢ ÁƉäĆàĆĢúäĢ äĢ úäūĩĩĢ úÁÁĢ ʼnőŖàäŅäĢ͠ Däő Ćʼn äĆúäĢěĐė ŹĩĢàä àÁő Ĕä ŹĩŪääě ʼnłĐő ĂäÙő ŪÁĢ Ĕä ėäŖŹä͡ ūÁĢő ŖĆőäĆĢàäěĐė ėÁĢ ĢĆäġÁĢà ÙäőūĆʼnőäĢ àÁő àä avond doorgebracht met vrienden veel leuker was dan eentje doorgebracht in de krochten van het MetaForum.

Wijze woorden ·ĩÁěʼn ÁěőĐà ÙĆäàő ŅĆʼnőĩőäěäʼn ÁĢőūĩĩŅàäĢ͠ Aristoteles geeft aan dat geluk kan worden gevonden door het navolgen van waar je goed ĆĢ ÙäĢő͠ ©Đ ŹĆőőäĢ ÁěěäġÁÁě ĩł àä ŖĢĆŪäŅʼnĆőäĆő͡ àŖʼn ūĐ ŹĐĢ ĩĢúäőūĐùäěà ÁěěäġÁÁě úĩäà ĆĢ Ăäő ĩłàĩäĢ͡ ÙäúŅĐłäĢ äĢ úäÙŅŖĆėäĢ ŪÁĢ ŪäŅúääőͿ ġĐͿĢĆäőĔäʼn͡ Ăäő úŅĩäĢőäěÁłŅĆĢÚĆłä͡ ĩàäͿ plotjes, enzovoort. Volgens Aristoteles worden ūĐ àŖʼn ÁěěäġÁÁě úäěŖėėĆú àĩĩŅ Ăäő ĢÁŪĩěúäĢ hiervan: het opdoen en daarna toepassen van deze kennis!

Voordat je denkt dat Aristoteles ‘écht een arelaxte gast’ was, een toevoeging aan deze Ņäúäě͠ DĐ ūÁʼn äŅ ĢÁġäěĐė àĆäł ŪÁĢ ĩŪäŅőŖĆúà àÁő ʼnäėʼn͡ Ūĩäàʼnäě äĢ ūĐĢ͡ ĆĢàĆäĢ úäĢĩőäĢ ĩł constructieve manier met mensen van wie ūä ĂĩŖàäĢ͡ ūäŹäĢěĐėä ÁÁĢėĢĩłĆĢúʼnłŖĢőäĢ ÙĆäàäĢ őĩő ġäĢʼnäěĐė úäěŖė͠1 Oftewel, drink Áù äĢ őĩä ääĢʼn ääĢ ÙĆäŅőĔä ͳĩù ŪĐùőĆäĢʹ͡ ääő ūÁő kip in De Hoek en wordt eens wakker in een andere kamer dan de jouwe.

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En nu?

Wat je uit dit artikel moet halen is dit: je moet je focus leggen op wat je wilt in het leven en daarnaartoe werken. Het is goed je eigen grenzen op te zoeken en deze gaandeweg aan te passen. Dit betekent af en toe een ruggengraat tonen en een avond overslaan.

Let op: ik zeg af en toe, je hoeft je niet af te zonderen van de wereld, alleen maar omdat je een deadline hebt. ĩġʼn ŹĐĢ àäŹä ūĩĩŅàäĢ ʼnĆġłäěūäú ĢĩàĆú ĆĢ je leven: Oké, eentje dan.

Image by: Vladimír Šiman

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/))4-2+ 8,) 2)8,)60%2(7 DRY

WRITTEN BY .90)7 :%)7

The Netherlands has always been a very low country. Almost half the Dutch population lives below sea level. For centuries walls have been keeping the water at bay, until one faithful night in ̧̡̟̣, when the dykes broke. The Watersnoodramp took the lives of 2.000 łäĩłěä͠ ĂÁő Ćʼn ūĂäĢ ūä àäÚĆàäà őĩ ƈúĂő ÙÁÚė͠ Not long after this catastrophic event a commission was established. The goal of this ‘Deltacommissie’ was to make plans that would prevent such future disasters. This was the start of what would eventually result in the Delta Works. The Delta Works are not a single giant structure, but it consists ĩù ġŖěőĆłěä àĆƅäŅäĢő àäùäĢʼnäʼn ÁěĩĢú őĂä ʼnĩŖőĂäŅĢ ÚĩÁʼnőěĆĢä ĩù őĂä aäőĂäŅěÁĢàʼn͠ Ăäʼnä ÚÁĢ Ùä ͳŅĩŖúĂěűʹ ÚÁőäúĩŅĆŹäà ĆĢőĩ ̡ àĆƅäŅäĢő őűłäʼn͢ àűėäʼn͡ àÁġʼn ÁĢà ʼnőĩŅġͿʼnŖŅúä ÙÁŅŅĆäŅʼn͠ The most prominent part of the project (and the one that can be seen above) is probably the ‘Oosterscheldekering.

This storm-surge barrier is composed of a series of steel doors (weighing more than 260 tonnes) that can be lowered

by hydraulic cylinders into the water. The barrier is then transformed from an open gate into a solid wall of 6 to 12 meters high, which prevents the sea from entering the ‘Oosterschelde’ behind it. The surge barrier is normally ĩłäĢäà ÁĢà ĩĢěű Úěĩʼnäʼn ūĂäĢ őĂä ʼnäÁ ěäŪäě ŅĆʼnäʼn ÁÙĩŪä ̡ meters from the average. Since its commissioning in 1986, it has been closed 27 times. Initially, the ‘Deltacommissie’ planned to make it permanently shut, but decided otherwise àŖä őĩ ġÁʼnʼnĆŪä łŅĩőäʼnőʼn ùŅĩġ ƈʼnĂäŅġäĢ ÁĢà äĢŪĆŅĩĢġäĢőÁě organizations. These parties warned that by shutting the sea Úĩġłěäőäěű ĩƅ͡ őĂä ʼnÁěő ÚĩĢÚäĢőŅÁőĆĩĢ ÁĢà őĂä őĆàäʼn ūĩŖěà ÚĂÁĢúä͡ ÁĢà őĂĆʼn ūĩŖěà ĢäúÁőĆŪäěű ÁƅäÚő őĂä ěĩÚÁě ʼnäÁ ěĆùä ÁĢà őĂä ƈʼnĂäŅű͠

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Image by: Michiel Verbeek

Ƌä `ÁäʼněÁĢőėäŅĆĢú Another important and well-known part of the Delta Works is the ‘Maeslantkering’. This construction consists of two massive doors (see the picture above), which protect both őĂä ÚĆőű ÁĢà őĂä łĩŅő ĩù ĩőőäŅàÁġ ùŅĩġ ƉĩĩàĆĢú͠ Ăäű ÁŅä ̠​̠ ġäőäŅʼn ĂĆúĂ͡ ̡̠̥ ġäőäŅʼn ěĩĢú ÁĢà ūäĆúĂ Áěġĩʼnő ̥̞͠​̞​̞ tonnes each. Usually they are opened and kept dry to prevent corrosion. When the sea is expected to rise above 2,6 meters, precautionary measures are taken. This is done to ensure that the storm-surge barrier is closed before the sea level reaches ̡ ġäőäŅʼn͠ HĢ ĩŅàäŅ őĩ Úěĩʼnä Ćő͡ őĂä àĩĩŅʼn ÁŅä ŅĩőÁőäà ĩŪäŅ őĂä ŅĆŪäŅ ÁĢà ʼněĩūěű ƈěěäà ūĆőĂ ūÁőäŅ͡ ūĂĆÚĂ ġÁėäʼn őĂäġ ʼnĆĢė őĩ the bottom of the river. For this rotational and translational movement, the largest ball joint in the world is used, which has a diameter of 10 meters. The whole closing process takes ĩŪäŅ ̡ ĂĩŖŅʼn ÁĢà Ćʼn ùŖěěű ÚĩĢőŅĩěěäà Ùű ÁĢ ÁŖőĩġÁőäà ÚĩġłŖőäŅ system. Once the doors are at the bottom, they can block a 5-meter-high wave and withstand a force up to 700 MN. This should be enough for a storm that will only occur once in 10.000 years.

Of course, these two constructions are not the entire Dutch water defense system. In fact, they are only a small part of it.

Most of the Delta Works consists of dams and dykes that serve as a passive protection against the tides. These have to meet strict requirements, such as the minimal required height.

This so-called ‘Deltahoogte’ is determined for each individual dyke based on several factors. It is the sum of the highwater level (around 5 meters above NAP) and the maximal wave height (about 7 meters). These can also be seen as the equilibrium height and amplitude of the wave respectively ÁĢà Ćő Ćʼn ĆěěŖʼnőŅÁőäà ĆĢ őĂä ƈúŖŅä Ùäěĩū͠ ĂĆʼn ġäÁĢʼn őĂÁő őĂä ‘Deltahoogte’ for the majority of the dykes is twelve meters.

For now, at least…

The Delta Works were designed to protect the country from a rise in water level of 40 centimeters. At the time, it was believed that this would be enough for at least 200 years. However, ÙÁÚė őĂäĢ ūä àĆà Ģĩő Úĩġłěäőäěű ŅäÁěĆŹä őĂä àĆʼnÁʼnőŅĩŖʼn äƅäÚőʼn of one really important phenomenon: global warming.

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Global warming and its consequences As we all fully well know, the earth is heating up mostly due to our CO2-emission. This has widespread consequences for the whole world. One of these consequences is that the icecaps on the poles and glaciers start melting more and more rapidly.

This water eventually ends up in the oceans. Furthermore, the sea will expand due to higher temperatures. In the end this results in a rising sea level.

This is the reason why in 2007 a new ‘Deltacommissie’ has been established to look at his new trend. A year later they presented their report in which they predicted that the sea level will rise between 18 and 58 centimeters by the end of the century. As stated earlier, the Delta Works have been designed to protect us from a rise in sea level of 40 centimeters. The commission also suggested that the Netherlands would need a new massive building plan that would cost over €100 billion.

What’s even worse is that the most recent estimations predict that the sea will rise even more, almost 84 centimeters at the end of this century. This is already reason for concern, but recent rapports have shown that the situation could be worse still. Due to yet unknown mechanisms, the melting of ice on the arctic could accelerate even further. Estimations of this ÁŅä ʼnőĆěě ġĆʼnʼnĆĢú͡ ūĂĆÚĂ ġÁėäʼn Ćő ĂÁŅà őĩ ÁĢőĆÚĆłÁőä őĂä äƅäÚő of this mechanism. But it is now more than clear that if we do not want to get our feet wet, we must start taking actions.

Tech Keeping the Netherlands dry

ME

Image by: Beeldleveranciers-Carof

The technological institute Deltares has been thinking of ways to defend the country against the rising sea. A few months ago, they presented their latest report in which 4 possible solutions for this problem are analyzed (see the illustration on the right). These solutions come down to protecting the country with an open or a closed barrier, moving along with the sea or moving seaward. Ăä ƈŅʼnő ĩłőĆĩĢ ͳ ŅĩőäÚőĆĢúͿĩłäĢʹ Ćʼn ʼnĆġĆěÁŅ őĩ őĂä ÚŖŅŅäĢő strategy of the Delta Works in that it entails increasing the height of the dykes, dams and storm-surge barriers. The main idea is to keep the rivers in direct contact with the sea, but this means that the rivers will rise as well. This necessitates extra defenses along the riversides, which will require a lot of resources.

A way to prevent these extra costs is embodied by another solution: Protecting-closed. In short, this means that the aäőĂäŅěÁĢàʼn ūĆěě Ùä Úěĩʼnäà ĩƅ łäŅġÁĢäĢőěű ùŅĩġ őĂä ʼnäÁ͠ This will be done by building a huge ‘wall’ around the entire coastline to keep the water out. The water from the rivers will then be transferred to the sea by enormous pumps to keep it at a constant level. Consequently, the dykes along the Maas and Rhine will not have to be strengthened and this ʼnÁŪäʼn Úĩʼnőʼn͠ DĩūäŪäŅ͡ Á łěÁĢ ĩù őĂĆʼn ʼnÚÁěä łĩʼnäʼn Á ʼnĆúĢĆƈÚÁĢő engineering challenge and it remains to be seen if there is enough (political) support for such an investment.

The third option (moving along with the sea) may be the most radical one, since it proposes to adapt our way of living. One part of this solution is to construct houses on poles, which ūĩŖěà Áěěĩū őĂä ūÁőäŅ őĩ Ɖĩū ŖĢàäŅĢäÁőĂ Ćő͠ ĢĩőĂäŅ ĆàäÁ Ćʼn őĩ ʼnĆġłěű ŅÁĆʼnä ěÁŅúä łÁŅőʼn ĩù őĂä ěÁĢà͡ ÙŖő őĂĆʼn Ćʼn Á ŪäŅű ĆĢƉäŰĆÙěä solution that would lead to problems if the sea level rises even ùŖŅőĂäŅ͠ Ăä ěÁʼnő őūĩ ġäÁʼnŖŅäʼn ÁŅä äŪäĢ ġĩŅä äŰőŅÁĩŅàĆĢÁŅűͣ one suggests moving entire cities to higher grounds and to abandon some parts of the country (this idea is illustrated in the image below), while the other proposes to construct ƉĩÁőĆĢú ÚĆőĆäʼn͠ Ăäʼnä ĆàäÁʼn ġÁű ʼnääġ ùÁŅͿùäőÚĂäà Ģĩū͡ ÙŖő ÁŅä seriously considered as suitable solutions.

On the other hand, the fourth option (moving seaward) is almost the exact opposite of the third. It requires creating ěÁŅúä Ģäū ĆʼněÁĢàʼn ͳʼnĆġĆěÁŅ őĩ ;ěäŪĩěÁĢàʹ őĂÁő ÁÚő ěĆėä Á ÙŖƅäŅ against large waves. Moreover, this new land could be used for housing, recreation and industry, thereby reducing the lack of space in the Netherlands. The downside of this plan is that this would require enormous amounts of sand and does not directly protect the land from the rising sea.

At the end of the report, Deltares does not present one solution to be the best. They state that it is not necessary to choose one yet and that it is now more important to focus on gathering more information on the rising sea level and eliminate the many uncertainties that come with it. Also, they suggest elaborating even further on the presented solutions.

So, for now it is uncertain what the Netherlands will look like ĆĢ ̣̞ ĩŅ ̟̞​̞ űäÁŅʼn͠ Hő ūĆěě Ùä Á àĆƆÚŖěő őäÚĂĢĆÚÁě ÁĢà łĩěĆőĆÚÁě ÚĂÁěěäĢúä͠ ©Ăĩ ėĢĩūʼn͡ ġÁűÙä ūä ūĆěě Ùä ěĆŪĆĢú ĩĢ ƉĩÁőĆĢú cities and travel with intercity boats from one city to another or maybe we will go on holiday to New-Holland on the North Sea.

Image by: dezeen.com

Hʼn őĂĆʼn ūĂÁő őĂä aäőĂäŅěÁĢàʼn ūĆěě ěĩĩė ěĆėä ĆĢ őĂä ùŖőŖŅäͧ

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Tech

ELECTRIC CARS Truly the future?

WRITTEN BY: REMCO MARTIN LIZANDARA

The electric car is seen by many as the future of personal transportation. Almost all car manufacturers have an electrical model. Governments are promoting to drive electric because it is better for the environment. That is what you hear everywhere, but is it really better for the environment to drive electrical?

Electrical cars The promotion of electrical cars has gone through the roof lately. Where ten years ago electrical cars were a rarity, nowadays most new models are hybrids or full-on electric. Marketed as super green, it is not a surprise: climate change is a hot topic on the international agenda. Climate agreements like the Paris Agreement are large international treaties to reduce our carbon footprint. Consumers who want

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Comparison to help to achieve this goal, try to do that with the purchase of an electrical car. A nice initiative to help, you would think, but what is the impact on the climate of such an electrical car? To give an adequate comparison, we need to compare electrical cars with regular petrol and diesel ones. For this, the Volkswagen Golf is chosen because it has a new E golf and a petrol and diesel variant.

Let’s start with the Diesel variant. Old Diesel cars have the reputation to be the most polluting cars, so this will be the benchmark. The Golf Diesel has a 1.6 TDI (Turbocharge Direct Injection) engine őĂÁő àäěĆŪäŅʼn ̧̤ ėĆěĩūÁőőʼn ĩŅ ̡̟̞ D (Brake-horsepower) and it will cost you ÁŅĩŖĢà β ̡̠̥̟̞͠͠ Ăä ÚÁŅ Ŗʼnäʼn ̢̟͠ Z̟̞ͭ​̞ ėġ of fuel and has a CO2 emission of 108 g/ km.

Tech

ME

However, 200 km on one battery charge is only feasible if you drive extremely eco-friendly and at a constant speed. In őŅÁƆÚ͡ űĩŖ ūĆěě Ģĩő ÁÚĂĆäŪä őĂäʼnä ėĆĢàʼn ĩù ĢŖġÙäŅʼn͠ ĂĆʼn ūĆěě Ùä detrimental to your CO2 emission. If you can drive 180 km on your battery charge, the CO2 emission increases to 104 g/km, which is almost as much as the regular Diesel car.

.EKYEV - 4EGI ..........................................................

On the other hand, we have a Petrol Engine. The Golf Petrol has a ̟̣͠ H ͳ ŖŅÙĩÚĂÁŅúä ʼnőŅÁőĆƈäà ĆĢĔäÚőĆĩĢʹ äĢúĆĢä őĂÁő Áěʼnĩ àäěĆŪäŅʼn ̧̤ ėĆěĩūÁőőʼn ĩŅ ̡̟̞ D ÁĢà ūĆěě Úĩʼnő űĩŖ ÁŅĩŖĢà β ̧̡̢̠̥͠͠ Hő ĂÁʼn a smaller engine than the Diesel but delivers the same power.

In addition, it will cost you less money, so it seems to look good for the Petrol engine. The Petrol car, however, uses 5.0 L/100 km and has a CO2 emission of 115 g/km.

Lastly, the electrical car. The E golf has a 100 kW Electromotor ĩŅ ̡̟̤ D ÁĢà ūĆěě Úĩʼnő űĩŖ ÁŅĩŖĢà β ̡̢̞̣̤͠͠ Hő Ćʼn őĂä ġĩʼnő äŰłäĢʼnĆŪä ŪÁŅĆÁĢő ĩù őĂä ̡ ÚÁŅʼn͡ ÙŖő őĂĆʼn ÚÁŅ Ŗʼnäʼn ̡̟̠͠ ė©Ă̟̞ͭ​̞ km and has a CO2 emission of only 0 g/km.

This is what you normally get when these types of cars are compared, a landslide victory of the electric car in how environment-friendly it is. However, this is not the whole story.

Hidden emissions The electricity that is used to power the electric car has to be induced. This is mainly produced with coal, oil and gas plants.

In 2018 only 7.8% of all the electrical energy was induced with renewable energy sources, like wind, sun, biomass, and nuclear łĩūäŅłěÁĢőʼn͠ Ăäʼnä ÚĩÁě łěÁĢőʼn ĂÁŪä Á ĂĆúĂ g̠ äġĆʼnʼnĆĩĢ ĩù ̡̦̦ g/kWh * 92%, because these plants supply this amount of energy.

This means that inducing the electrical energy emits 771 g/kWh CO2. The E Golf has a lithium-ion battery with a capacity of 24,2 kWh and with a full battery, you will be able to drive 200 km. ĂĆʼn ġäÁĢʼn űĩŖ ĂÁŪä Á g̠ äġĆʼnʼnĆĩĢ ĩù ̧̡ úͭėġ͠

With bigger sports cars going electric, it was time to check if these are better for the environment than a cheaper and smaller petrol car where you do have to pay road tax. As an example, we will take the Seat Ibiza, that has a CO2 emission of 107 g/km.

The Jaguar I-Pace is the electrical variant of the iconic Jaguar F-Pace and because it is electric, you do not have to pay road tax. The I-Pace has a battery capacity of 84.7 kWh and a range of ̡̥̞ ėġ͠ ĂĆʼn ġäÁĢʼn őĂÁő őĂä UÁúŖÁŅ HͿ ÁÚä äġĆőʼn ̟̦̤ úͭėġ g̠͠ Although this sports car has been converted to an electric car, the hidden emission is still quite a bit bigger than for its more economical alternative, the Seat Ibiza.

Conclusion

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An electrical car seems like an excellent choice to reduce your carbon footprint. The numbers that are shown look great, but they do not show the whole picture. Electrical cars are not the end against all climate change and will not be the solution as long as power plants do not switch to renewable energy.

Furthermore, electrical cars are not yet the most practical in our society right now. With a fast charger, it still takes at least ĂÁěù ÁĢ ĂĩŖŅ őĩ ƈěě Ŗł űĩŖŅ ÙÁőőäŅű ÁĢà őĂäŅä ÁŅä Ģĩő äĢĩŖúĂ äŪäĢ chargers currently. When you are on the road it is not that easy őĩ ƈĢà Á ʼnŖĆőÁÙěä ÚĂÁŅúäŅ͠ Electric cars are the future, that is what you hear on the news äŪäŅű àÁű͠ ěőĂĩŖúĂ Ćő àäƈĢĆőäěű ʼnĂĩūʼn łĩőäĢőĆÁě͡ őĂäŅä Ćʼn ʼnőĆěě Á lot to be done for electrical cars to be the solution they promise to be.

Association

FUTOSHIKI The objective is to place the numbers 1 to 5 into each row and column. No number can be repeated in a row or column and all inequality signs must be obeyed.

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Association

SUDOKU Everyone problaby already knows the rules of this popular game. But for those who don’t, this is how it works. The classic Sudoku game involves a grid of 81 squares. The grid is divided into nine blocks, each containing nine squares. Each of the nine blocks has to contain all the numbers 1-9 within its squares and each number can only appear once in a row, column or box.

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Association

CALCUDOKU A calcudoku is a math and logic puzzle. The grid contains blocks surrounded by bold lines. Ăä ĩÙĔäÚőĆŪä Ćʼn őĩ ƈěě Áěě äġłőű ʼnńŖÁŅäʼn ʼnĩ őĂÁő őĂä ĢŖġÙäŅʼn ̟ őĩ ̥ ÁłłäÁŅ äŰÁÚőěű ĩĢÚä ĆĢ each row and column. Additionally, the numbers in each block have to produce the result of the operation shown in the top-left corner of the block. The same number may be used multiple times in a block.

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Association

SKYSCRAPER Skyscrapers is a building placing puzzle based on a grid with clues along the sides. A ʼnėűʼnÚŅÁłäŅ͡ ūĂĩʼnä ĢŖġÙäŅ ĩù ʼnőĩŅĆäʼn Ćʼn àäƈĢäà Ùű Á ĢŖġÙäŅ ̟ őĩ ̣͡ ĂÁʼn őĩ Ùä łěÁÚäà ĆĢ äÁÚĂ square. The clues tell you how many skyscrapers have to be visible from that point of view.

Note that higher skyscrapers block the view of lower skyscrapers placed behind them. This has to be done such that no two skyscrapers of the same height are in each row and column.

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Association

STERRENHOEKJES Wat is jouw favoriete quote?

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¨ĩĩŅŹĆőőäŅ ̤̠ őĐàäĢʼn Z¨͢ ΋`äĢääŅ WĆäʼnėÁġł͡ ūĆěő Ŗ àĆä ėĩġėĩġġäŅ ĢääŅěäúúäĢͧΌ ĂäÁ őĐàäĢʼn Ăäő ŪÁŅäĢ͢ ΋Dĩä ūääő Ĕä äĆúäĢěĐė ūÁÁŅ Ăäő ĩĢàĆäł ūĩŅàőͧΌ Áʼn͢ ΋ ĩäĆäĢ ŖŖŅà͠Ό Niki: “Dat is net het Roermond Outlet Center, maar dan ĢĆäő ĆĢ ĩäŅġĩĢà äĢ úääĢ ĩŖőěäő ÚäĢőäŅ͠Ό ZäŰ͢ ΋Hė àÁÚĂő ÁěőĐà àÁő ZĆġÙŖŅú ääĢ úŅÁł ūÁʼn͡ ġÁÁŅ Ăäő ūÁʼn úäūĩĩĢ äÚĂő͠Ό Kevin: “In principe is deze machine een soort Victor, alles ūÁő ĂĐ Źäúő Ćʼn ūÁÁŅ͠Ό Industria in de bus naar de ASML besturendag: “Wat is ääĢ ūÁùäŅ ʼnÚÁĢĢäŅͧΌ Lex: “Komen die mensen nou uit Thailand of spreken ze úäūĩĩĢ ;ŅĆäʼnͧΌ UÁĢėÁőĆŅĆ͢ ΋©Áő ŹĆő äŅ äĆúäĢěĐė łŅäÚĆäʼn ĆĢ ùŅĆėÁĢàäěͧΌ DÁŅġäĢ͢ ΋ZĩŖőäŅ łÁÁŅàĔä ÁġĆÚäͥΌ Tessa’s moeder: “Tessa, weet je dat ik me helemaal niet meer kan herinneren wat ik op jou 21 diner heb ėěÁÁŅúäġÁÁėőͧΌ äʼnʼnÁ͢ ΋`Áġ͡ Ćė ÙäĢ ̠̞͠Ό `ÁőőĂĐʼn͢ ΋©Áő Ćʼn ÁĢűőĆġäŅ äĆúäĢěĐė ĆĢ Ăäő äĢúäěʼnͧΌ ĆÚė͢Ό¨ěÁÁĢàäŅäĢ ùääʼnőͥΌ SSRE’er: “We doen niet alleen aan zuipen, maar ook aan ÙĩŅŅäěäĢ äĢ ùääʼnőäĢ͠Ό ÁĢàĩŅ ĩł àä ŪŅÁÁú ĩù ĂĐ D¨ΎäŅ Ćʼn͢ ΋aää Ćė ÙäĢ úäūĩĩĢ ÙŅÁė͠Ό Moeder Roelof na 21 diner: “Ik vind Sifra een ʼnÚĂĩĩĢġÁÁėġĆààäěΌ UŖʼnőŖʼn͢ ΋Hė ÙäĢ ʼnĩūĆäʼnĩ àä ėěäĆĢʼnőä ʼnłäěäŅ͠Ό

Top posters of 2019 1.

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Jankatiri Boon DÁŅġäĢ `äĐäŅ Yuri Copal

Association

CONTEST TIME Submit your answer and win a new slow cooker!

Previous online contest

'SRXIWX SJ .ERYEV]

On a quiet Friday morning the Chairman was trying to work.

Unfortunately, he was not very productive that morning, the ŅäÁʼnĩĢʼn ùĩŅ őĂÁő ÁŅä őĩ Ùä ƈěěäà ĆĢ Ùű űĩŖŅʼnäěù͠ HĢʼnőäÁà ĩù àĩĆĢú őĂä ĆġłĩŅőÁĢő ĔĩÙʼn Ăä ĢĩŅġÁěěű àĩäʼn͡ Ăä ūÁʼn àŅÁūĆĢú Á ƈúŖŅä͠ ĂĆʼn ƈúŖŅä ÚĩĢʼnĆʼnő ĩŖő ĩù ʼnńŖÁŅäʼn ÁĢà őŅĆÁĢúěäʼn͠ ;ĩŅ űĩŖ őĂä ńŖäʼnőĆĩĢ͡ Ăĩū ġÁĢű őŅĆÁĢúěäʼn ÁŅä ĂĆààäĢ ĆĢ őĂä ƈúŖŅäͧ

The Editor-in-Chief intercepted a secret message of the Commissioner of Land Yachting. The Editor-in-Chief is very curious what the Commissioner of Land Yachting has written down, but he does not want to tell anything about it. However, the Treasurer did see a note on the desk of the Commissioner of Land Yachting which might help to solve the secret code.

The Treasurer saw the following:

Correct answer ĂäŅä ÁŅä ̠̦ őŅĆÁĢúěäʼn ĆĢ őĂä ƈúŖŅä͠

m = 2744 r = 729 Unfortunately, the-Editor in-Chief still is not able to decode the message. Because of this, he wants your help. If you help him to decode the message, you will have a chance to win an amazing electric slow cooker! This is the secret message: ̡̢̡̧̢̤̦̣̟̞̤̦͠͠͠​̧̡̤̦̣̣̦̠̦̞͠͠͠​̞​̧̢̡̢̡̞̤̦̣̟̞̤̦̣̟̠͠͠͠͠͠​̡̣̟̠̟͠͠​̡̟̟̞͠ ̢̢̤̦̟̞̤̦̟̠̟̤̥͠͠͠​̧̧̡̡̢̡̡̟̥̠̦̠̤̟̠̤̟̣̦̠̟̦̠̣̦̠̟̥̣̥̤͠͠͠͠͠͠͠͠​̡̡̥̣͠ ̡̥̣̦͠͠​̧̢̡̢̧̢̥̠̟̞̤̦̟̦̠̟̥̠̦̥̠̟̠̟̤̥̟̞̤̦̟̠̟̤̥͠͠͠͠͠͠͠͠͠​̧̠̤̟̟̥̠̦̥͠͠͠ ̧̠͠​̟̥̣̥̤͠͠​̡͠​̡̧̥̣̟̥̣̥̤̠̟̥̟̠̟̤̥͠͠͠͠​̡̢̧̡̢̡̦̟̥̣̥̤̟̦̠̤̦̣͠͠͠͠͠͠​̡̣̦̠͠͠ ̣̟̠͠​̡̢̡̢̤̟̥̠̦͠͠͠͠​̧̧̧̢̤̦̣̠̟̤̠̟̥̟̠̟̤̥̥̠̟̞̤̦̟̠̟̤̥͠͠͠͠͠͠͠͠​̡̢̡̤̦̣͠͠ ̧̧̢̢̥̠̟̞̤̦̟̞̤̦͠͠͠͠​̧̟̥̣̥̤̠̟̥̟̠̟̤̥͠͠͠͠​̧̡̧̢̠̟̥̣̦̠̠̟̥̟̞̤̦͠͠͠͠͠​̡̢̡͠ ̢̧̡̢̡̧̟̞̤̦̠̟̥̤̦̣̣̟̠͠͠͠͠͠͠​̢̧̡̡̞̤̣̦̠͠͠͠​̡̢̥̣̟̥̠̦̠̥͠͠​̢̢̡̢̡̟̞̤̦̟͠͠͠ ̢̧̞̤̦̥̠̣̟̠͠͠͠​̡̟͠​̡̢̧̟̟̞̤̦̥̠͠͠͠​̧̧̤̦̣̟̥̠̦̠̟̤̥̠͠͠͠͠ Submit your answer in the Simonkamer (Gem-N 1.61) or send an e-mail to redactie@simonstevin.tue.nl with your name ÁĢà őĂä ʼnĩěŖőĆĩĢ͠ Ăä łŅĆŹä ūĆěě Ùä ŅÁƇäà ùŅĩġ őĂä ÚĩŅŅäÚő submissions and we will publish the winner in the next online contest on www.openME.nl.

Make sure to submit your answer before the 1st of March!

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