Lighting integration report

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1. 0 DESIGN INTRODUCTION This project requires integration with design studio 5 project where we are required to determine the daylight, artificial light and PSALI concept in at least 2 spaces in the library. Through this project we are to show our understanding on the lighting principal that we have learnt and integrate it into our project. For design studio 5, we are required to build a community library at our chosen site, Petaling Street. We are to propose a lighting proposal that suits will suit our library and the environment. By doing a thorough site analysis, we are able to determine better specification in the placement of spaces for daylighting and amount of artificial light needed. The building is located in an urban infill area thus, the front and rear elevation are only exposed to the sun. The design intention of the library is to expose the back alley of the library from the front to allow users to explore the spaces around the library without limit. Thus, transparency of the spaces plays an important role with the usage of material such as curtain wall to expose the spaces to daylight and outdoors. The spaces that I have choose for this project is the cafĂŠ and meeting room. The cafĂŠ is located at the ground floor, facing the busy street of Petaling Street with transparent rotating doors and windows builds up around the area where as the conference area is located at the second floor facing the back alley where it is quieter and only windows from the side are the source of the daylight. The building orientation is north-south orientation, thus the north and south area will be expose to the sun where as the east and west will be covered by the neighbouring buildings. Shading devices is advice to be use on the building to reduce the amount of glaring and control the amount of daylight entering. Sunpath Diagram

Sunpath diagram at 10 AM

Sunpath diagram at 5 PM

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Floor plans

5 FT WALKWAY Ground floor

5 FT WALKWAY First floor

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5 FT WALKWAY Second floor

5 FT WALKWAY Third floor

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2.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL 2.1 SPACE A : CAFÉ

Ground floor, cafe

Space A is a café located at the ground floor of the building. The space is located at the south edge part of the building where it will easily receive the sunlight. The area of space is 13.6m x 6.6 m. The space is surrounded by 5.3 m x 3.4 m curtain wall at the front and 8 pieces of 1.8m x 3.4m windows surrounding the left and right of the space. Furthermore, the space is a double volume thus it needs a sufficient amount of light to bright up the space. Based on the standard illuminance level, a café requires at least 300 lux in order to achieve the minimum level. Further research will be done through analyzing the daylight factor, artificial light, type of lighting use and PSALI.

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2.1.1 NATURAL DAYLIGHTING DF,% >6 3-6 1-3 0-1 Illuminance 120,000 lux 110,000 lux 20,000 lux 1,000- 2,000 lux <200 lux 400 lux 40 lux < 1 lux

Distribution Very bright, with thermal and glare problem Bright Average Dark Example Brightest sunlight Bright sunlight Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky, midday Typical overcast day, midday Extreme of darkest storm clouds, midday Sunrise or sunset on a clear day (ambient illumination) Fully overcast sunset/sunrise Extreme of darkest storm cloud, sunset/rise

Daylight factor calculation formula: D = E internal __________ x 100% E external Area of space (m2) Area of curtain wall (m2) Daylight factor calculation

6.6 x 13.6 = 89.76 m2 (1.8 x 3.4) x 8 + (5.3 x 3.4) = 66.98m2 66.98 đ?‘Ľ 100% 89.76 = 74.6% x 0.1 = 7.4%

Standard direct sunlight Illuminance calculation

20,000 lux đ??¸đ?‘–

DF= đ??¸đ?‘œ đ?‘Ľ 100% đ??¸đ?‘–

7.4= 20,000 đ?‘Ľ 100% = 1480 lux

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Natural daylight contour

Café @ 3pm

Café @ 5pm

Base on the data, it shows that the space receive 7.4 % of daylight factor which is considered as very bright, which might cause thermal and glare problem. The total lux inside the space is 1480 which is considered too high as the standard lux is only 300 lux. As a suggestion, sun shading device such as louvre or double façade system should be install either at the front or sides of the space to control the amount of sunlight penetrating inside the building. As at 3pm, it can be seen the space can be light up without the usage of any artificial light where as at 5pm, only a few amount of artificial light is needed to light up the space and at 8pm most of the artificial light needs to be switch on to light up the Café @ 8pm

space. Thus, the space can be light up by natural daylight most of the day.

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2.1.2 ARTIFICIAL LIGHT Type of lighting use

Type of lighting fixture Type of light bulb Dimension, mm Lamp Wattage, W Colour Rendering Index, Ra Colour Temperature, K Colour Designation Lumens, LM Rated Life, H Cap Base Space Dimension (m) Total floor area (đ?‘š2 ) Standard Illumination Level Lumens of lighting fixtures / F (Lm) Height of luminaire (m) Work Level (m) Mounting height (đ??ťđ?‘š ) Assumption of Reflectance Value Room Index / RI RI = đ??ť

đ??żđ?‘‹đ?‘Š

đ?‘š (đ??ż+đ?‘Š)

Utilization Factor, UF Maintenance Factor, MF No. of light required to reach the required illuminance

Pendant Light Compact fluorescent bulb 129.5mm 23 W 100 Ra 2700 K Warm White 1800 Lm 10000 hours GU 24 L= 13.6 W= 6.6 H= 4.5 13.6 x 6.6 = 89.76m2 300 1800lm 3m 0.8 m 2.2 m Ceiling = 0.7 Wall = 0.5 Floor = 0.2 13.6 x 6.6 (13.6 + 6.6)2.2 =2 0.65 0.8 300 x 89.76 1800 x 0.65 x 0.8 = 28.7 ≈ 28 lights (take 28)

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đ??¸đ?‘‹đ??´

N = đ??š đ?‘‹ đ?‘ˆđ??š đ?‘‹ đ?‘€đ??š Number of luminaires across √

đ??żđ?‘Ľđ?‘

At least 28 illuminance is required to achieve minimum required lux for the space which is 300 √

13.6 đ?‘Ľ 28 6.6

= 7.5 ≈ 7 (take 7)

đ?‘Š

Spaces between luminaires across = 13.6 á 7 = 1.9 m Number of luminaires along √

√

6.6 đ?‘Ľ 22 13.6

đ?‘Šđ?‘Ľđ?‘ đ??ż

= 3.6 ≈ 4 (take 4) Spaces between luminaires along = 6.6 á 4 = 1.6 m

Artificial light contour

Artificial and daylight contour

At Space A, artificial is not needed most of the time during the day as the space receive good amount of daylight. Where as at night, the space needs the artificial light to bright up the space in order to get the standard illuminance level. The space needs a total of 28 luminaires to light up the space with a suggestion layout arrangement of 7 x 4 where the spaces between the luminaires across and along the spaces would be 1.9m and 1.6m. It provides a sufficient amount of light into the space. The type of lighting fixture use for the space is a pendant light which is designed to give a defined beam of light for use in anything where as the type of bulb use is compact fluorescent bulb as it saves energy 2.1.3 PSALI which can reduce the energy consumption.

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Reflected ceiling plan of café Layout arrangement 7 x 4 Spaces between luminaires (across) = 1.9m Spces between luminaires (along) = 1.6m Total of luminaires =28

ROWS:

A

B

ROWS:

C

A

D

B

E

C

F

D

G

E

F

G

Section of café – Daylight factor only

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ROWS:

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

Section of café –Daylight factor & Artificial lights

ROWS:

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

Section of café – Artificial lights only

During the day, the café does not need a lot of artificial lights to be switched on to brighten up the space, thus only row F and G will be switch on during the day where as the other rows will receive lighting from the natural sunlight. During the night, artificial lights need to be switch on from row A to row G in order to light up the space with sufficient amount of light. However, the usage of lighting may be control to suit the space’s environment during that hour.

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2.2 SPACE B: MEETING ROOM

Second floor, meeting room

Space B is a meeting room located at the second floor of the building. The space is located at the north edge part of the building where it will receive the sunlight. The area of the space is 12.7m x 5.6m which is surrounded by 6 pieces of 1.7 m x 0.8 m of windows surrounding the right side of the space. Based on the standard illuminance level, a meeting room or conference room requires at least 500 lux in order to achieve the minimum level. Further research will be done through analyzing the daylight factor, artificial light, type of lighting use and PSALI.

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2.2.1 NATURAL LIGHTING DF,% >6 3-6 1-3 0-1 Illuminance 120,000 lux 110,000 lux 20,000 lux 1,000- 2,000 lux <200 lux 400 lux 40 lux < 1 lux

Distribution Very bright, with thermal and glare problem Bright Average Dark Example Brightest sunlight Bright sunlight Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky, midday Typical overcast day, midday Extreme of darkest storm clouds, midday Sunrise or sunset on a clear day (ambient illumination) Fully overcast sunset/sunrise Extreme of darkest storm cloud, sunset/rise

Daylight factor calculation formula: D = E internal __________ x 100% E external Area of space (m2) Area of curtain wall (m2) Daylight factor calculation

12.7 x 5.6 = 71.12m2 (1.7 x 0.8) x 6 = 8.16m2 8.16 đ?‘Ľ 100% 71.68 = 11.4 % x 0.1 = 1.1%

Standard direct sunlight Illuminance calculation

20,000 lux đ??¸đ?‘–

DF= đ??¸đ?‘œ đ?‘Ľ 100% đ??¸đ?‘–

1.1= 20,000 đ?‘Ľ 100% = 220 lux

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Natural daylight contour

Meeting room at 12pm

Meeting room at 5pm

Base on the data, it shows that the space receive 1.1 % of daylight factor which is considered as dark to average range. The total lux inside the space is 220 lux which is considered quite low as the standard lux is needed is 500 lux. As a suggestion, windows can be added to allow more sunlight to enter during the day or more artificial light could be added in as well. As at 12pm, it can be seen the space near receive a sufficient amount of light mostly near the windows and some part are quite dark thus, a few artificial light is needs to be switch on the support the daylight where as at 5pm, it can be seen that the back part of the space does not receive a sufficient amount of sunlight to light up the space and the space is quite dark without the artificial light.

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2.2.2 ARTIFICIAL LIGHT

Type of lighting fixture Type of light bulb Dimension, mm Lamp Wattage, W Colour Temperature, K Colour Designation Lumens, LM Rated Life, H Space Dimension (m) Total floor area (đ?‘š2 ) Standard Illumination Level Lumens of lighting fixtures / F (Lm) Height of luminaire (m) Work Level (m) Mounting height (đ??ťđ?‘š ) Assumption of Reflectance Value Room Index / RI RI = đ??ť

Ceiling Light LED bulb 594mm x 594mm 30 W 3000/4000 K Cool White 3500 Lm 100000 hours L= 12.7 W= 5.6 H= 3.7 12.7 x 5.6 = 71.12 m2 500 3500lm 3.2 m 0.8 m 2.4 m Ceiling = 0.7 Wall = 0.5 Floor = 0.2 12.7 x 5.6 (12.7 + 5.6)2.4

đ??żđ?‘‹đ?‘Š

đ?‘š (đ??ż+đ?‘Š)

Utilization Factor, UF Maintenance Factor, MF No. of light required to reach the required illuminance

= 1.6 0.6 0.8 500 x 71.12 3500 x 0.6 x 0.8

= 21.16 ≈ 22

đ??¸đ?‘‹đ??´

N = đ??š đ?‘‹ đ?‘ˆđ??š đ?‘‹ đ?‘€đ??š

At least 22 illuminance is required to achieve minimum required lux for the space which is 500

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Number of luminaires across √

đ??żđ?‘Ľđ?‘ đ?‘Š

Number of luminaires along √

√

12.7 đ?‘Ľ 22 5.6

= 7.06 ≈ 7 (take 7) Spaces between luminaires along = 12.7 á 7 = 1.8 m √

5.6 đ?‘Ľ 22 12.7

đ?‘Šđ?‘Ľđ?‘ đ??ż

= 3.11 ≈ 3 (take 4) Spacing between luminairse across = 5.6 á 3 = 1.8 m

Artificial light contour

Artificial light only

At Space B, artificial light is needed through out the day to brighten up the space, but only few amount of artificial light is needed during the day where as at night, the space needs the artificial light in order to light up the space and achieve the standard illuminance level which is 500. The space needs a total of 22 luminaires to light up the space with a suggestion layout arrangement of 7 x 4 where the spaces between the luminaires across and along the spaces would be 1.8m and 1.8m. It provides a sufficient amount of light into the space. The type of lighting fixture use for the space is a ceiling light which is designed reduces the influence on the ceiling height to a minimum and its ideal for formal rooms with high finishes where as the type of bulb use is LED bulb as it is extremely energy efficient and consume up to 90% less power than incandescent bulbs.

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2.2.3 PSALI A B C D

Reflected ceiling plan of meeting room Layout arrangement 7 x 4 Spaces between luminaires (across) = 1.8m Spces between luminaires (along) = 1.8m Total of luminaires = 28

Section of meeting room – Daylight only

ROWS:

A

B

C

D

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Section of meeting room – Daylight & Artificial

ROWS:

A

B

C

D

Section of meeting room – Artificial lights only

ROWS:

A

B

C

D

During the day, the meeting room still need support from artificial lights in order to light up the space, thus only row A and B will be switch on during the day where as the other rows will receive lighting from the natural sunlight. During the night, artificial lights need to be switch on from row A to row D in order to light up the space with sufficient amount of light. However, the usage of the amount of light can be control to suit the space during that hour.

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