COMPARISON ANALYSIS OF PJ TRADE CENTRE AND TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY IN FINDING SOLUTION TO FIGHT AGAINST HEAT WAVE
CONCEPT MAPPING ISSUE: FINDING SOLUTION IN FIGHTING AGAINST HEAT WAVE
NATURAL FACTOR: HEAT GAIN
SOLUTIONS MATERIAL
LITERATURE REVIEW, SITE VISIT
FORM
METHADOLOGY VENTILATION
PASSIVE DESIGN
CONTEXT
INTRODUCTION ■ PJ TRADE CENTRE -
LOCATED IN DAMANSARA PERDANA
-
DESIGNED BY SMALL PROJECTS
-
SERVES AS AN OFFICE AND COMMERCIAL BLOCKS
-
REFRESHING OFFICE ENVIRONMENT
-
CONCEPT: ‘GARDENWALL OFFICE’
-
CREATE A MALAYSIAN-INSPIRED OFFICE THAT REFLECTS THE LOCAL CULTURE, CLIMATE AND CONTEXT
INTRODUCTION ■ TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY LAKESIDE CAMPUS - LOCATED IN SUBANG JAYA - DESIGNED BY NWKA ARCHITECTS
- SERVES AS A PRIVATE INSTITUTIONAL - MODERN TROPICAL CONCEPT
RESEARCH QUESTIONS ■ HOW EFFECTIVE IN CORPORATION OF MATERIALS USED AS AN ELEMENT TO FIGHT AGAINST HEAT WAVE? ■ WHAT TYPE OF VENTILATION USED IS EFFECTIVE IN TERMS OF FIGHTING AGAINST HEAT WAVE? ■ HOW DOES THE FORM OF THE BUILDING HELPS TO FIGHT AGAINST HEAT WAVE IN TERMS OF ORIENTATION AND OPENINGS?
QUESTION 1: ■ HOW EFFECTIVE IN CORPORATION OF MATERIALS USED AS AN ELEMENT TO FIGHT AGAINST HEAT WAVE? COMPARISON: PJ TRADE CENTRE
TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY LAKESIDE CAMPUS
MATERIALS: OVERBURNT BRICKS
BRICKS
EXPOSED CONCRETE
GLASS
GLASS
CONCERETE
STEEL FRAMES COLOUR: MATERIALS USED ARE REMAIN NATURAL AND EXPOSED
MATERIALS ARE COATED WITH PAINT TO ENCHANCE MORE SLEEK MODERN DESIGN LIGHT COLOUR,SMOOTH SURFACE
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
THERMAL MASS
OVERBURNT BRICKS
MODERATE (0.6-1.0k)
HIGH (1360 KJ)
EXPOSED CONCRETE
MODERATE (0.4-0.7k)
HIGH (2060 KJ)
GLASS
LOW (1.05k)
LOW
STEEL FRAME
HIGH (43k)
LOW
PJ TRADE CENTRE
OVERBURNT BRICKS
EXPOSED CONCRETE
GLASS
STEEL FRAME
METAL MESH
Bricks and concrete, • High density materials, • High in thermal mass. • Have unique energy saving advantage due to their characteristic attribute. • Due to high thermal mass material, able to absorb energy slowly and hold it for a long time • Able to increase thermal comfort and reduce energy cost Glass and steel, • Low in thermal mass • Lightweight materials • Huge glasses serve as a purpose for viewing the landscape, • Helps to release heat from indoor area
TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY LAKESIDE CAMPUS
PAINTED WALLS
CONCRETE • • • • • • •
GLASS (west side of the building)
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
THERMAL MASS
BRICKS
MODERATE (0.6-1.0k)
HIGH (1360 KJ)
EXPOSED CONCRETE
MODERATE (0.4-0.7k)
HIGH (2060 KJ)
GLASS
LOW (1.05k)
LOW
STEEL FRAME
HIGH (43k)
LOW
The way the materials used are a bit different Most concrete used in Taylor’s University was coated with plaster, paint and not exposed Mostly is coloured in bright colours Surface of the wall does not have any texture Due to its light colour and smooth surface the wall does not absorb and re-radiate lots of energy which helps to maintain the temperature inside the building. Glasses are mostly used at the front façade of the building which faces the west It allows the heat inside to release to the outside
CONCLUSION PJ TRADE CENTRE
TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
SIMILAR MATERIALS
SIMILAR MATERIALS
MATERIALS USED IN PJ TRADE CENTRE ARE EXPOSED, ALLOWING OCCUPANTS TO HAVE A REFESHING EXPERIENCE
MATERIALS IN TAYLORS UNIVERSITY ARE PLASTERED AND PAINTED TO GIVE IT MORE OF A SLEEK MODERN LOOK
MATERIALS ARE CAREFULLY MAINTAINED
PAINTED IN BRIGHT COLOURS
DUE TO EXPOSED MATERIAL USED IT IS COOLER
BRIGHT AND SMOOTH TEXTURED DOESN’T ABSORB MORE HEAT
QUESTION 2: ■ WHAT TYPE OF VENTILATION USED IS EFFECTIVE IN TERMS OF FIGHTING AGAINST HEAT WAVE? COMPARISON BETWEEN: PJ TRADE CENTRE CROSS VENTILATION - Along the lobby and elevator area STACK VENTILATION - Garden spaces in between the blocks
TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY LAKESIDE CAMPUS CROSS VENTILATION - Corridor along the blocks - Connecting bridge
PJ TRADE CENTRE CROSS VENTILATION Applied at the vertical circulation (elevator area) Either end of each floor is open to east and west faces for natural cross ventilation • Elevator area experience breeze most of the time • Due to temperature differences on both sides • •
STACK VENTILATION Gap between each towers connected by steel mesh bridge • The sky terraces is placed between the gap on certain floors • Stack ventilation happens through this gap • The hot air will flow up and cool air will be replaced •
TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY LAKESIDE CAMPUS CROSS VENTILATION
Wind coming in from the south side • • • • • •
Large opening coming Wind coming in From the east side from the south side
Cross ventilation can be seen along the corridor of each block of the building Bridges that connected one block with one another. The strong wind coming from the South side able to let the building have a smooth ventilation along the connected bridges. Corridor along each blocks also does have cross ventilation but with minimal wind coming in. The breeze can be felt stronger at the connected bridges area. This helps to lessen the heat gain inside the university and fight against the strong heat wave.
CONCLUSION PJ TRADE CENTRE
TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
USES BOTH CROSS VENTILATION AND STACK VENTILATION
CROSS VENTILATION
- Type of ventilation used in PJ Trade Centre is more effective as it uses two types of ventilation which helps to prevent occupants from receiving heat wave
-
With using only one type of ventilation Taylor’s University able to release lesser amour of heat especially along the corridor compared to PJ Trade Centre
QUESTION 3: ■ HOW DOES THE FORM OF THE BUILDING HELPS TO FIGHT AGAINST HEAT WAVE IN TERMS OF ORIENTATION AND OPENINGS? COMPARISON BETWEEN: PJ TRADE CENTRE
TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY LAKESIDE CAMPUS
ORIENTATION
ORIENTATION
OPENINGS - DOORS - WINDOWS (SIZES) - CONCRETE VENT BLOCK
OPENINGS - DOORS - WINDOWS (SIZES)
N
PJ TRADE CENTRE (ORIENTATION)
EAST SIDE FACING THE HIGHWAY
• • • • • • • • •
Longer side of the building placed on east – west orientation, Shorter side is on north-south orientation. Main purpose of the design - create continuity of the forest hill which is situated at the east side of the building into the building site. East side of the building is also where the main entrance is located West side of the building is facing the highway. Offices and entrance face the morning sun The other side face the evening sun, Concrete vent block was used to lesser the amount of sun entering and minimize noise from highway Because of the orientation , the building able to get the maximum usage of using the natural ventilation and passive design in order to fight against heat wave.
CONCRETE VENT BLOCK
FOREST HILL (WEST SIDE)
CONTINUITY OF LANDSCAPE
MAIN ENTRANCE (WEST SIDE)
VIEW FROM THE OFFICE
OPENINGS
HUGE DOOR AT THE LOBBY AREA • • •
Also acts as a window Allows natural ventilation to enter the lobby area and up to first floor Landscape near the opening helps to reduce heat wave and does not block the passage of wind
CONCRETE VENT BLOCK • • • •
Protects interior from excessive heat Provides shades for the occupants Minimize automobile noise Protection against rain and heavy wind
TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY LAKESIDE CAMPUS ORIENTATION
• • •
N
The east-west orientation minimize areas exposed to sun radiation Longer façade, north-south orientation with more openings to allow air to flow directly into the building Shorter façade is in east-west orientation with less openings to prevent much exposure to sun.
OPENINGS
AWNING WNDOWS
• Awning windows only allows wind to enter in between the buildings • Various of windows type and different sizes on the façade • Small surface area of window • Trap heat inside • Very hot without air conditioner DOOR AT THE CORRIDOR •
AWNING WNDOWS
FIXED WINDOW
The operable door outside studio allows natural wind to enter the along the corridor and inside studio
CONCLUSION PJ TRADE CENTRE
TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY
HAVING THE LONGER SIDE TO FACED EAST-WEST ORIENTATION BUT USES PASSIVE DESIGN (CONCRETE VENT BLOCK) TO MINIMIZE SUN FROM ENTERING
HAVING THE LONGER SIDE FACED THE NORTH-SOUTH ORIENTAION WITH LOTS OPENING TO ALLOW SMOOTH VENTILATION
HUGE DOORS AND CONCRETE VENT BLOCK ARE USED TO ALLOW BETTER VENTILATION
WINDOWS ARE QUIET SMALL IN SIZES WITH LOW DEGREE OF OPENING TO ALLOW WIND TO COME IN, THUS , THE STUDIO WILL FEEL VERY HOT WITHOUT AIRCONDITIONER DOORS AT THE CORRIDOR ALLOWS NATURAL WIND TO ENTER INSIDE THE CORRIDOR AND STUDIO
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY APA REFERENCE
THEORY
CONTENT
FUTURE RESEARCH
Low, K. M. (2010). Small projects. Singapore: ORO Group
The author of the book is architect of PJ Trade Centre himself, the book discuss in detail about the projects under his company and there is a topic about PJ Trade Centre itself.
-explained in detail the orientation of the building -materials used for the buildings - how does the architect develop the ideas
Further research on materials and detailed drawings of the buildings.
Reardon, C., McGee, C., & Milne, G. (2013). Thermal mass. Retrieved May 10, 2016, from http://www.yourhome. gov.au/ passivedesign/thermal-mass
The page gives information about the usage of thermal mass materials and how to find the suitable materials to use for the house
- how does thermal mass materials works - best location to place use for thermal mass materials - specific climate response to thermal mass materials
Further research on the properties of materials and thermal mass of the materials.
Al-Obaidi, K. M., Ismail, M., & Rahman, A. M. (2014). Passive cooling techniques through reflective and radiative roofs in tropical houses in Southeast Asia: A literature review. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 3(3), 283297. doi:10.1016/j.foar.20 14.06.002
This journal gives information about the passive cooling techniques that can be used and applicable in tropical climate
- how to apply the passive cooling techniques -application of the techniques on the houses
Further research on the cooling and roof techniques for tropical houses.
Thermal Mass Energy Efficiency of Concrete. (n.d.). Retrieved May 12, 2016, from http://www.concretet hinker.com/solutions/ Thermal-Mass.aspx
This websites gives information about the efficiency of concrete material in terms of the durability, thermal mass and others
- benefits of using concrete material - how to use the material - where to use the material
Further research on the efficiency of the materials used for buildings.
Natural Ventilation for Sustainable Construction|Houriga n Construction. (2014). Retrieved May 14, 2016, from http://www.houriganc onstruction.com/hcpost/1741/usingnatural-ventilationsustainableconstruction/
This websites gives information about using natural ventilation for sustainable construction
- how it does natural ventilation works - benefits of using natural ventilation
Further research on the efficient of the natural ventilation used.