WONG QIN KAE TAN TZE QING HO XUN KAI OOI HUI YI HO CHER TING
0334538 0334111 0334914 0334520 0335333
CHEN YUK KI 0335107 SEAH CHIA YING 0334454 ONG JONGLIH 0334066 WONG YIE SHIEN 0334501 TIMOTHY LEOW YUNG KANG 0335007
S
S
CARCOSA SERI NEGARA
INTRODUCTION
C
arcosa Seri Negara consists of two colonial mansions, Carcosa and Seri Negara, located on two adjacent hills. Carcosa was built in 1897 by A.C. Norman for the first British High Commissioner, Frank Swettenham. The architecture style of the building is a mixture of neogothic and neo-Tudor.
The buildings figured prominently in the Malaysian independence movement, with several meetings being held there. After independence, the house and the surrounding land were given to the United Kingdom by Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman .
.Since then, it has been used as residences for visiting dignitaries (1957–1989), and as a luxury hotel (1989–2015). Since 2017, it has been used as a museum. The original style of the house has been largely preserved and is surrounded by nature.
TIMELINE
Carcosa Seri Negara consists of two colonial mansions — Carcosa being the oldest, constructed in 1896 at a cost of £25,000. Sir Frank Swettenham used Carcosa as his official residence shortly after the formation of the Federated Malay States. Malaysia’s first electricity and telephone wire originated from this building.
BUILDING HISTORY
Seri Negara, formerly King’s House, was built in 1913 as an official guest house for visiting VVIPs, including British monarch Queen Elizabeth who visited in 1986. Carcosa served as the Imperial Japanese Army’s headquarters in Kuala Lumpur during the Japanese Occupation of Malaya. The Constitution of Malaya was drafted in Seri Negara from 1955 to 1957, with Merdeka Agreement signed by the nine Sultans on August 5, 1957.
FAST FACTS Location: Perdana Botanical Gardens, Kuala Lumpur Architect: Arthur Benison Hubback Architecture Style: Neo-Gothic & Tudor Revival Functions of the building: Carcosa Seri Negara provides accomodation and was used to serve different people.
•1896-1898: Sir Frank Swettenham(the first British High Commissioner of the then Resident-General of the Federated Malay States)’s official residence •1941-1945: Headquarters of the Imperial Japanese Army occupation government of Malaya• 1955-1957: Several meetings were held there.
•1971-1974: Official guest palace of the first Yang di-Pertuan Agong •1989-2010: Luxurious heritage boutique hotel. Much of the colonial architecture and interior designs were preserved, carefully adapted, and complemented with colonial-themed hotel service. •2017: Asian Heritage museum
SITE CONTEXT Carcosa Seri Negara is located in its own 16hectare landscaped garden, above the Lake Gardens of Kuala Lumpur on the western edge of the city. This place is so well-hidden and almost secretive to the outside world. The road to Carcosa is narrow, winding and normally deserted.
It is a 45-minute drive (70km) from Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) and merely 10-minute drive away from Kuala Lumpur City Air Terminal (KL CAT). The business and shopping districts of the city are 3 kilometres from Carcosa. The two mansions, Carcosa and Seri Negara, are about 5 minutes walk away from each other.
ARCHITECTURE LAYOUT (ORGANIZATION OF FORM, ORGANIZATION OF SPACE)
1) Four planes wall Four vertical plane encompassing a field of space is probably the most typical, certainly the strongest, type of spatial definition in architecture. No spatial or visual continuity is possible with adjacent spaces without opening in the enclosing planes of a spatial field. door offer entry into room and influence the pattern of movement and use within it. Window allow light to penetrate the space and illuminate the surfaces of the room and space. Inside carcosa the building is using “Opening between planes”.
It is a vertical opening that extends from the floor to ceiling plane of a space visually separates.The degree of enclosure of the space, as determined by the configuration of its defining elements and the pattern of it‘s opening has a significant impact on our perception of its form and orientation. From within a space, the degree of enclosure in a space can show the space are private area, semi private area or public area.
i.Private space Opening lying wholly within the enclosing planes of a space do not weaken the edge definition nor the sense of closure of the space. Â The form of the space remains intact and perceptible.
ii.Semi-Private Space Opening located along the edge of the enclosing planes of a space visually weaken the corner boundaries of the volume. It promotes its visual continuity and interaction with adjacent spaces
iii.Public Space Opening between the enclosing planes of a space visually isolate the planes and articulate their individuality. The space loses its sense of enclosure, become more diffuse and begins to merge with adjacent spaces therefore the volume of space defined by the planes.
2) Regularly spaced series of columns form a colonnade A regularly spaced series of columns or similar vertical element from a colonnade. This archetypal element in the vocabulary of architectural design effectively defines an edge of a spatial volume while permitting visual and spatial continuity to exist between the space and its surroundings.
The row of columns outside the house body of Carcosa also engage a wall and become a pilastrade that supports the wall, articulates its surface. Two columns establish a transparent spatial membrane by the visual tension between their shafts. Three or more columns can be arranged to define the corners of a volume of space
ORGANIZATION ANALYSIS Architecture Principles :
Symmetry Balance
ARCHITECTURE STYLE (AXIS AND RELATIONS OF AXES, MASSING)
1)Tudor Revival architecture first manifested itself in domestic architecture beginning in the United Kingdom in the mid to late 19th century based on a revival of aspects of Tudor architecture asymmetrical-floor plans were often uneven
Half-timbering - Half-timbering was a Tudor-era construction method in which a timber frame for the house would be constructed, but then the spaces between timbers were filled in with plaster or brick instead of more wood.
NEO GOTHIC STYLE an architectural movement popular in the Western world that began in the late 1740's in England
Pointed arches it is meant to be both a support system and a decorative feature. Flying buttresses to build up taller, as they could easily spread the weight of this height.
Using arches also opened up the possibilities of having vaulted ceilings in Neo-Gothic style with the ability to have larger windows to created light interiors.
ARCHITECTURE ELEMENTS & COMPONENTS
Warm colors abound in English Tudor interior design, with a few blues and greens used to create a cool-tone balance. Crimson, yellow and orange are almost always present somewhere.
Large amount of windows to make sure enough light in interior
Crystal light shows noble
Sunscreen louver to control the penetration of light into the interior space
Neo-gothic style windows
Long wooden staircases shows Tudor Revival style Plaster line can be seen all around the house
Casement windows grouped in a row of three or more that framed in wood which suit Tudor Revival Style.
Pointed arches as decorative or windows shape to create good view and lighting effects.
Porches with turn posts or columns act as support structure for the building.
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, STRUCTURE & MATERIALS Roof: -> King post truss
-Â Act as tie to support the centre of beams, preventing them from sagging under load of ceiling.
-> Timber buttress
- Resist the side thrust created by the load on roof
-> Timber louvers
- Use of timber louvers for wall openings, deep verandahs, overhangs and sunshades.
CEILING : -> Plaster ceiling
- improve interior design - fire resistance, it will not combust or increase the spread of a fire.
FLOORING :
-> Sandstone tiles
-> Carpet flooring
- has high capacity to withstand extreme weather - provides a timeless and beautiful classic look
- provides warmth and comfort - reduce noise leakage
BANK NEGARA MALAYSIA
INTRODUCTION
Bank Negara Malaysia is entrusted with the task of overseeing the nation’s economic and financial system. Being a Central Bank in an emerging economy, it also places high importance in its development role with respect to economic management, institutional building and the development of the financial system infrastructure.
Bank Negara Malaysia is managed by a team led by Tan Sri Dr. Zeti Akhtar Aziz, a highly regarded Governor by the financial community. Completing the management team are 3 Deputy Governors and 7 Assistant Governors, who together provide a clear strategic blueprint for the long term development of the bank.
TIMELINE 26 Jan 1959 Bank Negara Malaysia (the Central Bank of Malaysia), is a statutory body which started operations Bank Negara Malaysia is governed by the Central Bank of Malaysia Act 2009.
Bank Negara Malaysia’s monetary policy stance is to maintain price stability while remaining supportive of growth. Bank Negara Malaysia is also responsible for financial system stability. It also plays an important function in implementing initiatives to deepen and strengthen the financial markets, including the foreign exchange market.
The role of Bank Negara Malaysia is to promote monetary and financial stability. This is aimed at providing a conducive environment for the sustainable growth of the Malaysian economy.
This is achieved by developing a sound, resilient, progressive and diversified financial sector which serves to support the sectors of the real economy.
ROLES AND FUNCTIONS
The Bank actively promotes financial inclusion, which has led to improved access to financial services for all economic sectors and segments of society, thereby supporting balanced economic growth. The roles of the Bank are supported by 39 departments/units covering the following seven functional areas.
Other important roles of the Bank are being a banker and adviser to the Government, playing an active role in advising on macroeconomic policies and managing the public debt. It is also the sole authority in issuing currency as well as managing the country's international reserves.
Name Bank Negara Location The Bank Negara Headquarters are located at Jalan Sultan Salahuddin, Jalan Kuching Designer Nik Mohamed Mahmood of the Public Works Department(PWD). Policy Bank Negara Malaysia's monetary policy stance is to maintain price stability while remaining supportive of growth
 A stone throw from the Independence Square the former nation judiciary Sultan Abdul Samad building and Kuala Lumpur City Hall, the national importance of this institution is indisputable. Bank Negara Malaysia mainly adopted Brutalism architectural style which was popular until the mid-1970s.
FAST FACTS
SITE CONTEXT & ANALYSIS
The Central Bank of Malaysia or Bank Negara Malaysia is located at Jalan Dato Onn, near Bank Negara KTM Station. BNM was built in 1970, shortly after the establishment of BNM in 1967, near other historical buildings in the area.
The area is usually filled with heavy traffic throughout the day. Located 6 minutes from KL CAT, 45 minutes from KLIA, 5 minutes to the nearest township.
Bank Negara was separate into 4 main parts which is Block A, B, C and D.
Private Area Semi Private Area
To limit their growth, linear organization can be terminated by • A dominant space or form •Merging with another building form or the topography of its site. •An elaboration or articulated entrance
Linear organizations express a direction and signify movement, extension and growth.
Repetitive spaces which are alike in size, form and function.
ARCHITECTURE LAYOUT (ORGANIZATION OF FORM, ORGANIZATION OF SPACE)
ORGANIZATION ANALYSIS
Symmetrically balance Front elevation of bank negara is bilateral symmetry because the balanced arrangement or equivalent element on opposite site of a median axiss so that only one plan can divide the whole into essentially identical halves.
Repetition & Rhythm The openings on the factors of tower are arrange in alternative rows, repeated to create linear organizations of lines visually enlarges the tower.
Massing General form of the building is made up of cuboids of different heights, except the main building at the front, it has cylindrical form at the top of the roof.
Space-Path Relationship Embodies a repetitive form vocabulary that is deployed to create places.
ARCHITECTURE STYLE Mainly adapted from brutalist architectural style which was popular until the mid-1970 and was first introduced to the world by the Sultan of Style himself, Le Corbusier.
The most significant material in brutalist movement is raw concrete.
Most windows in brutalist buildings is largely dependent on the shape and placement of the various room masses. Brutalist buildings are formed with repeated modular elements forming masses representing specific functional zoned Brutalist architectural style refers to a dynamic geometric style that is massive, monolithic and blocky appearance and typically contains copious amount of poured concrete
ARCHITECTURE ELEMENTS, COMPONENT Wall
The original 18-storey tower is constructed almost entirely of rough textured concrete in the manner of Brutalist architecture.
Correspondingly, when two additional towers were constructed during the building's expansion in the early 1980's, their design adapted the original rectangular Modernist tower designed by Nik Mohamed Mahmood. Even the raw concrete finishes are emulated in the new blocks
Column The use of high grade reinforced concrete for the superstructure ensures that the buildings are structurally hard made from concrete and steel strong enough to support the entire facade. The resultant effect is a sophisticated and harmonious of old and new structures.
Concrete Tower
Financial strength of the nation is reflected through anchoring the main entrance hall between impressive concrete towers
It is pierced by vertical slit windows, a reminder of the massive bunker architecture dear to Claude Parent and projecting an impression of forbidding power and safety.
Ceiling Concrete coffered ceilings of a series of sunken panels in the shape of a square can be seen on the exterior ceilings of the roof.
The usage of concrete beam and column for aesthetic value and to support the adjacent structure can be observed in the roofing system. Concrete slab remains as the main roof framework to form a watertight structure.
Flat Roof
The element found in the brutalism architecture to further emphasize the stability of financial structure system of the country.
Door Wooden door used at the main entrance. It is shown with minimal craving pattern as decoration, which is much simpler as compared to the exaggerated-elaboration of ornamentation used in the past
Staircase
Upper part staircase made from marble giving an elegant and clean impression to the viewers
Lower part stir is made of ceramic
The banking hall, located at the corner of Jalan Kuching and Jalan Sultan Salahuddin is lifted off the ground from the roads and its main entrance is accessible via a ceremonial stairway
Window The bold curved form and vertical windows composed against solid expanses of rugged fluted bushhammered beton brut concrete are prominent images of stoic strength for the financial institution.
The visual strength of the building is its masculine rectilinear structural form and bare concrete finish.
Flat Roof
Horizontal concrete spandrel bands interspersed with tinted carbon windows as the purest form of early Cubist Modernist expression were faithfully sustained.
Flooring
There are a total of 3 types of floorings within the confinements of the Bank which includes: mosaic flooring, marble tiles and last but not least carpet flooring on the internal faรงade mainly used for offices and corporate.
The flooring used marble tiling each using a monotone color to give off a feeling of serious and stern yet powerful feeling to the viewers.
Inside the building is covered with brownish-orange carpet to absorb noise as well as to reduce noise leakage out of the building providing a quiet space for coworkers to fully concentrate on their work.
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, STRUCTURE, MATERIALS Bank Negara Malaysia is constructed with raw concrete or bare concrete that is named as “beton brut”. Main purpose of using these materials is to enhance the durability of the building. Precast concrete is used because it has made the construction work easier since it implemented repetitive elements in the architecture.
Brutalist buildings are charaterised by their massive, monolithic and ‘blocky’ appearance with a rigid geometric style and large- scale use of poured concrete same as Dewan Tunku Canselor, Universiti Malaya.
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM The foundation was constructed with the usage of pre-cast concrete piling. The concrete piles are hammered deep into the ground to stabilize the heavy structure. this leads on to the columns all the way to roof. Therefore, the whole exterior was constructed with reinforced concrete including the walls, roof and slabs.
Benefit •Cast off site in a controlled environment with stringent quality control •Stronger and lighter than most competing material •Minimize construction period (installed quicker, less weather dependency, reduced coordination of trades) Low cost
CONCRETE WAFFLE SLAB CEILING It is easy to notice that the National Bank Malaysia and the Evergreen State College have shared the concrete waffle slab ceiling a renowned feature in modemist architecture. Both their architecture style is Brutalism.
National Bank Malaysia
Evergreen State College
Benefits •Flexible • Relatively light, less foundation costs and longer spans are economic •Speed of construction •Fairly slim floor depths ••Robustness •Excellent vibration control •Thermal mass •Good for services integration •Durable finishes •Fire resistance
CONCRETE BEAM COLUMN CONNECTION Due to thick and heavy roof, the walls were constructed specifically to support such heavy loads. The result of this was the appearance of a large thick load bearing wall.
The walls were made for functionality rather than appearance since it was constructed to be extremely robust with the capability to take on extremely heavy loads. The large walls also have a large rectangular columns were also used to support such heavy loads. Due to the style of the building, the raw appearance of the structure was left as it.
BUILDING MATERIALS Concrete has been used as the main material throughout the building. Concrete is an artificial conglomerate stone made essentially of Portland cement, water and aggregate.
Concrete gains strength overtime and it is not weakened by moisture, mold, or pests. The most important indicator of strength is the ratio of water used compared to the amount of cement. The lower the ratio, the stronger the concrete. As the building of higher authority, the use of concrete gives the building a sense of formality.
GLASS Tinted glass, provides an easy solution towards these problems. Tinted glass are glass that are treated with materials such as a film or coating that reduces the transmission of light through it. The tinted glass can block or reflect different amounts and types of lights depending on the wide variety of coating available for the consumer preferences.
Tempered glass is used as it is very resistant to thermal temperature changes which is best used at areas exposed towards extreme heat. A single piece of tempered glass manufactured by heating up normal annealed glass and then rapidly cooling it down fitted as the sliding door.
TILES Mosaic tiles are used as the exterior flooring material of the front entrance of the building. Mosaic was widely used on religious buildings and palaces in early Islamic art.
These tiles are made by materials featuring the lowest . water absorption levels which results in the highest level of bending strength, the maximum tension that the material, depending on an increasing bending action can bear before breaking.
It also has high abrasion resistance. The advantages of using tiles are that it has impact strength and stress resistant, wear resistant, scratching resistant, resistant to frost and chemicals and stain resistant.
MARBLE Marble are mainly used in the interior of the building. It is found on the walls and floor mixing which some granite is used for contrast. Marble is cheaper than granite, therefore it is used abundantly. Marble is moisture so it is easier to clean.
Granite Granite is a type of ingenious stones which makes it very hard and stronger and nearly impossible to break it. It also ensures a long-term exploitation to the surface. Therefore, it is suitable for interior and exterior of the building. Granite also comes with different variations of colours and patterns which can match with other context easily.
COMPARISON OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Similarities:
•Brutalism Architecture which emphasizing on the functionality with Petaling Jaya Civic Centre •Staircase tower provide a balance for the horizontal massive concrete forms
Load-bearing walls allows further enhancement of the vertical emphasis of the building as the ceiling of "eggcrate" concrete
CONCLUSION "Great buildings, like great mountains, are the work of centuries." Victor Hugo In conclusion, both of the buildings are significant to Malaysian history. Carcosa Seri Negara have figured prominently in the Malaysian independence movement, and has a history of more than 100 years. Registered as national heritage buildings, it is an important national asset that is often overlooked. we suggest that more preservation and conservation should be done to revive its glory. Bank Negara Malaysia is a massive and grand building that represents the main financial insitution of Malaysia. It is an aesthetically pleasing structure that reflects the financial strength of our country, Malaysia. Thanks to local architects bringing in western ideas, the building's design styles have been influenced prominently and has achieved the image of stoic strength through raw concrete materials.Â
CITATION CARCOSA SERI NEGARA Bose, R. (2019). Grand past but uncertain future for Malaysia's Carcosa | ThingsAsian. [online] Thingsasian.com. Available at: http://thingsasian.com/story/grand-past-uncertain-futuremalaysias-carcosa [Accessed 1 Jun. 2019]. Ching, F. (2007). Architecture: Form, Space, & Order, 3rd Edition Set. John Wiley & Sons. Cuti.my. (2019). Carcosa Seri Negara, Kuala Lumpur. [online] Available at: http://www.cuti.com.my/hotel/info.php3?id=2029 [Accessed 2 Jun. 2019]. Grêlé, D. (2004). 100 resorts, Malaysia. Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Encyclea, pp.30-31. Mycen.com.my. (2016). MALAYSIA CENTRAL: Directions: Carcosa Seri Negara with Location Map. [online] Available at: http://www.mycen.com.my/directions/carcosa_seri_negara.ht ml [Accessed 4 Jun. 2019]. Nst.com.my. (2019). [online] Available at: https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/sundayvibes/2018/11/435673/rising-ashes-%E2%80%93-carcosa-story [Accessed 7 Jun. 2019]. Rashid, Sabrizaa & Jamaludin, Mariam & Yusoff, Rohamini. (2010). ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE ELEMENTS IN THE HOTEL AND RESORT: COMPARISON BETWEEN CAMBODIA, LAO PDR, VIETNAM AND MALAYSIA (CLVM).
CITATION BANK NEGARA MALAYSIA
EasyMix Concrete UK Ltd. (2019). Types Of Concrete And Their Strengths - EasyMix Concrete UK Ltd. [online] Available at: https://www.easymixconcrete.com/news/types-of-concreteand-their-strengths/ [Accessed 5 Jun. 2019]. E, J. (2014). Culture & History II - Dewan Tunku Canselor. [online] Issuu. Available at: https://issuu.com/joeye21/docs/c_h_webbook [Accessed 4 Jun. 2019]. Muscato, C. (2019). Brutalist Architecture: Buildings, Architects & Style | Study.com. [online] Study.com. Available at: https://study.com/academy/lesson/brutalist-architecturebuildings-architects-style.html [Accessed 2 Jun. 2019]. Shi Ko, F. (2015). CULTURE Compilation report. [online] Slideshare.net. Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/shikofoo/culture-compilationreport [Accessed 3 Jun. 2019]. Slideshare.net. (2017). Kl modern architecture booklet (final) (1) (2). [online] Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/Shermaineojm/kl-modernarchitecture-booklet-final-1-2 [Accessed 3 Jun. 2019]. U-drain.blogspot.com. (2019). U DRAIN SUPPLIERS IN MALAYSIA. [online] Available at: http://udrain.blogspot.com/2016/10/u-drain-suppliers-inmalaysia.html [Accessed 1 Jun. 2019].