Master plan for Bronzeville, Chicago

IIT ARCHITECTURE CHICAGO

TOWARDS BIOHYBRID DESIGN

II. ARCHITECTURE Aishwarya Bagwe Zachary Clark Xuru Liang Courtney Lyttle Hanah Narine Femas Kumar Patel Logan Plaisted Rutuja Sandav Erk Korkmaz Solmaz Persefoni Stamatis Priscilla Thomas

FUTURE HOSPITALS, LANDSCAPES OF CARE, + COMMUNITY HEALTH

TOWARDS BIOHYBRID DESIGN

II. ARCHITECTURE Aishwarya Bagwe Zachary Clark Xuru Liang Courtney Lyttle Hanah Narine Femas Kumar Patel Logan Plaisted Rutuja Sandav Erk Korkmaz Solmaz Persefoni Stamatis Priscilla Thomas

FUTURE HOSPITALS, LANDSCAPES OF CARE, + COMMUNITY HEALTH

TOWARDS BIOHYBRID DESIGN

IIT Chicago - College of Architecture in coordination with the Chicago Architecture Biennial The Chicago Studio: Volume II course info: Advanced Studio - Arch 545 ‘Towards Biohybrid Design: Future Hospitals, Landscapes of Care, + Community Health’ instructors: Marya Kanakis, adjunct professor Joel Putnam, adjunct professor students:

4

Aishwarya Bagwe Zachary Clark Xuru Liang Courtney Lyttle Hanah Narine Femas Kumar Patel Logan Plaisted Rutuja Sandav Erk Korkmaz Solmaz Persefoni Stamatis Priscilla Thomas

ON ARCHITECTURE + HEALTH

5

TOWARDS BIOHYBRID DESIGN

ON HEALTH + ARCHITECTURE The well-being of local populations is directly and indirectly influenced by both the built environment – encompassing residences, schools, urgent health facilities, and transportation – and the natural environment, including community gardens, waterfronts, and parks.

These surroundings play a pivotal role in shaping our exposure to pollution, impacting health-related behaviors, and ultimately influencing the risk of diseases.

Health outcomes with significant implications for morbidity and mortality, both in the US and globally, can be influenced by the interplay of the built and natural environment. How can urban planning, informed by climate change risk factors such as urban heat island effect, distribute healthy spaces around Bronzeville?

6

In 1995, before our awareness of climate change had grown to its centrality in architectural discourse, Chicago suffered from the deadliest heat wave in history, and deadliest climate disaster in U.S. history. 739 victims succumbed to unbearable heat and humidity. Attributed to lack of proper ventilation, nonexistent tree canopies - data shows that most victims were elderly and poor.

In the age of anthropocene, the relationship between the scientific technics of architecture, the scale of the human body, and environment are more intertwined than ever - our recent history during Covid has proven such.

Additionally, the enduring decisions made in designing these environments can disproportionately affect the health of individuals across diverse ages, abilities, races, ethnicities, and socioeconomic statuses. Bronzeville has historically been the site of synthesis between health and communities. Established in 1881, Michael Reese Hospital (known for Walter Gropius’ designed Singer Pavilion) was a prominent research and teaching hospital, also serving as one of the oldest and largest of Chicago’s hospitals. How can the architecture of health extend beyond a hospital’s campus and into the neighborhood?

ON ARCHITECTURE + HEALTH

This course delves into the complex relationships between humans, pathogens, structures, landscapes, and governing policies, with a specific focus on health considerations.

By using Bronzeville as a case study, students will explore the territory around the Chicago White-Sox Park, such as examining renowned hospital designs in Chicago, analyzing healing landscapes by practitioners such as Felipe Correa, evaluating hospitals that merge natural healing with advanced technology, or envisioning future hospitals as choreographed spaces of automated machinery.

Through extensive research and lectures, participants will delve into (1) architectural design mechanisms that enhance indoor air quality, decrease exposure to harmful substances, optimize visual and thermal comfort, and curtail the transmission of infectious diseases, (2) the impact of landscape architecture on community wellbeing and urban design strategies that promote healthy lifestyles, and (3) the exploration of governance policies enacted in Chicago both during and after the Covid-19 pandemic.

(WRITE SHARED INTRO TO THE TOPIC)

7

TOWARDS BIOHYBRID DESIGN

ECO FRIENDLY COMMERCIAL URBAN AGRICULTURE

Vision & Goals Femas Patel

- 1. Health through Urban agriculture and food consumption - 2. Food production and distribution in the area through local food and markets - 3. Community Engagament through public fronts .

8

The master plan for Bronzeville focuses on the healthy development of the community, leveraging its diversity shaped by the presence of the international institute, IIT. The primary concept involves implementing urban agriculture to enhance the quality and availability of essential fruits and vegetables, resulting in fresh and affordable food for the middle-class community. The plan also envisions the establishment of various restaurants and eateries to serve the community through the qualaity products and increasing the social culture as well through recreational spaces.

ON ARCHITECTURE + HEALTH

9

10

TOWARDS BIOHYBRID DESIGN

CONTENTS

01

INTRO On Health + Architecture

02

VISION & GOALS

03

URBAN AGRICULTURE

04

AGRICULTURAL COMMERCIAL

05

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENTS

06

DESIGN STRATEGY

ON ARCHITECTURE + HEALTH

11

TOWARDS BIOHYBRID DESIGN

COMMERCIAL DISTRIBUTION & RESTAURANTS

ARCHITECTURE

URBANISM

LANDSCAPE

URBAN AGRICULTURE

12

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

ON ARCHITECTURE + HEALTH

13

TOWARDS BIOHYBRID DESIGN

URBAN AGRICULTURE

Illinois accounts for just 0.45% of the total fruit and vegetable production in the United States. The challenges arise from its geographical position and unpredictable weather, posing obstacles to large-scale agricultural operations.

14

Beyond that, the U.S. relies on imports for 50% of its produce, particularly from partner countries like Mexico and Guatemala. In practical terms, it becomes challenging to obtain fresh vegetables or fruits with their full natural integrity due to the extended time and journey from these other countries.

FROM FOREIGN FARMS 5 to 7 days

ON ARCHITECTURE + HEALTH

Food sourced from North America will be transported via trucks and refrigerated containers. Imports from other continents will either come by sea or air, which typically takes more than a week. The US government has restrictions on direct entry due to the potential risk of introducing viruses or bacterial infections to US agriculture. It is mandatory to provide the government with advance notice, with a

THROUGH SHIPPING CONTAINERS OR REFRIDERATED TRUCKS 5 to15 days

GOVERNMENT APPROVAL & INSPECTION (NO LESS THAN 15 DAYS PRIOR) 2 to 6 days

FOOD PROCESSING FACTORIES (IN COLD STORAGE OR FOR OTHER PRODUCT MAKING) as per requirments

LCOAL STORES

PUBLIC FOOD PRCOESS FROM FARM TO PUBLIC

15

TOWARDS BIOHYBRID DESIGN - 50 % AND MORE

- 10%-50% - 6%-10% - 1%-5%

16

- OTHERS

ON ARCHITECTURE + HEALTH

17

TOWARDS BIOHYBRID DESIGN

Bronzeville, situated on the south side of the loop, boasts a diverse population thanks to IIT. However, the markets and supplies rely heavily on processed goods from factories in different states and countries, leading to elevated prices and a compromise on natural integrity.

LOCAL STORES BRO

STARLIGHT MARKET

CERMAK FRESH MARKET

18

SIRI INDIAN STORE

ON ARCHITECTURE + HEALTH

ONZEVILLE, CHICAGO

JEWEL OSCO

MARIANO’S 7 ELEVEN,IIT

19

TOWARDS BIOHYBRID DESIGN

Here are certain items that can be grown in accordance with Chicago’s seasonal weather variations. While some may require specific atmospheres for optimal growth, this can be achieved through the establishment of greenhouses or advanced indoor plantations

SEASON WSIE POSSIBLE TYPES OF FRUITS & VEGGIES

20

The majority of these products have plants with limited height, making them suitable for cultivation on both land and rooftops, or even in pots. Enveloping the entire landscape with these plants contributes to the quantity and efficient use of space, promoting green ecological development.

ON ARCHITECTURE + HEALTH

Urban agriculture offers a multitude of benefits. Firstly, it contributes to improved community health by providing access to fresh, locally grown produce. This, in turn, can lead to a healthier and more nutritionally balanced diet for residents.

BENEFITS OF URBAN AGRICULTURE

UTILIZATION OF LANDSCAPE

PROVIDES FRESH & LOW PRICE FOODS

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTS

21

From an environmental perspective, urban agriculture contributes to the reduction of carbon footprint by minimizing the transportation distances for food. It also promotes sustainable land use and can act as a green infrastructure, positively impacting urban biodiversity.

TOWARDS BIOHYBRID DESIGN

Bronzeville boasts open spaces ripe for urban farming. Converting barren landscapes into flourishing food farms could be a transformative initiative. Maximizing the landscape efficiently holds the potential to significantly enhance community health.

22

- Open areas

ON ARCHITECTURE + HEALTH

In the current scenario, environmental concerns are escalating due to rising energy consumption. Leveraging natural resources like sun, rain, and wind could serve as a means to curtail energy usage across various equipment and facilities to make eco friendly development.

NATURAL RESOURCES

SUN

RAIN

Urban Farmin into dead landscape

WIND

Use of natural resources

23

TOWARDS BIOHYBRID DESIGN

CHICAGO WIND AND SUNLIGHT ENERGY Given the diverse temperature fluctuations, cultivating all types of agricultural produce in the U.S. can be challenging. Nevertheless, it is feasible to dedicate a small portion of the land and create a suitable climate to grow the specific fruits or veggies needed.

CHALLANGES FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN CHICAGO - Lack of sufficiant water

24

- Cold weathers - Lack of space for growing - Expensive equipments for agriculture for middle class

ON ARCHITECTURE + HEALTH

POSSIBLE ELEMENTS FOR REDUCING THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION

SOLAR PANELS : Although, Chicago is not likely to get sunlight hours through out the year, but it can still reduced the energy on high level to use any electric machines or lights

STORM WATER STORAGE : Storm water storages will increase the water sufficiency for farming and system can be developed to store and water through out the year in agriculture.

WIND MILLS

:The formidable winds in the Windy City hold the potential to generate significant energy, enough to power an entire high-rise. Implementing small-scale wind energy generators can indeed contribute to reducing energy consumption effectively.

GREEN HOUSES : Green houses are to generate the heat using sun and wind energy that will allow plants to grow in appropriate environment

ORGANIC WASTE: Organic waste of the area or the building will eventully help for producing the organic ertilizer for the plants

25

TOWARDS BIOHYBRID DESIGN

AGRICULTURAL COMMERCIAL

Bridgeport, primarily a residential area, could experience enhanced accessibility on both sides by introducing three commercial distribution centers. The open landscape at IIT has the potential to become more dynamic, thanks to its active student body.

- Commercial & Business areas - Proposed Commercial Agriculture 26

- IIT CAMPUS

- Current food suppliers

ON ARCHITECTURE + HEALTH

Bridgeport, primarily a residential area, could experience enhanced accessibility on both sides by introducing three commercial distribution centers. The open landscape at IIT has the potential to become more dynamic, thanks to its active student body.

- Residential Area - Proposed Commercial Agriculture - IIT CAMPUS 27

TOWARDS BIOHYBRID DESIGN

Establishing a distribution center in the commercial zone, along with local food options, aims to provide the community with a fresh food supply. Integrating a farmer’s market, a local store for sales, and a restaurant will contribute to economic growth for the entire model.

URBAN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

AGRICULTURAL COMMERCIAL

DISTRIBUTION

LOCAL FOOD

FARMER’S MARKETS & STORE

RESTAURANTS & KITCHEN LABS

IMPROVISING COMMUNITY HEALTH

28

Urban agriculture serves as a means to cultivate a healthier community by promoting local food consumption. It also involves revitalizing unproductive landscapes in the area. The introduction of commercial elements acts as an economic catalyst for the entire system while concurrently establishing a social environment for the public.

ON ARCHITECTURE + HEALTH

Establishing a distribution center in the commercial zone, along with local food options, aims to provide the community with a fresh food supply. Integrating a farmer’s market, a local store for sales, and a restaurant will contribute to economic growth for the entire model.

SOLAR PANELS ENERGY GENERATOR

FARMERS MARKET & RESTAURANT

GREEN HOUSES

GROUND FARMING

Urban Farming with commercial front

29

Establishing a distribution center in the commercial zone, along with local food options, aims to provide the community with a fresh food supply. Integrating a farmer’s market, a local store for sales, and a restaurant will contribute to economic growth for the entire model.

TOWARDS BIOHYBRID DESIGN

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

Regrettably, in the densely populated residential area surrounding the IIT campus, there is a shortage of recreational spaces. Public fronts and activities are minimal, with only a small public park and one sports ground available for gatherings.

- Residential Area

30

- Proposed Commercial Agriculture - IIT CAMPUS

ON ARCHITECTURE + HEALTH

Regrettably, in the densely populated residential area surrounding the IIT campus, there is a shortage of recreational spaces. Public fronts and activities are minimal, with only a small public park and one sports ground available for gatherings.

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

RECREATIONAL PARK

OUTDOOR DINING

SOLAR PANELS ENERGY GENERATOR

FARMERS MARKET & RESTAURANT

GREEN HOUSES

OUTDOOR DINNING

PUBLIC PARK

GROUND FARMING

Urban Farming with commercial front & Community engagement

31

TOWARDS BIOHYBRID DESIGN

GREEN HOUSES FOR

SMALL SCALE WIND

MAINTAINING

TOGENERATE ENERGY

TEMPERATURE

STORM

32

WATER STORAGE

RECREATIONAL FRONT

COMMERCIAL

ON ARCHITECTURE + HEALTH

GROUND FARMING

FRONT

33

34

ECOLOGICAL

ECONOMICAL

UR (F B A RM AN M ER A ’S RK M E A RK T ET ) )

RK

PA N

O

IC

AT I

RE

EC

BL

PU

EU

(N

UT

O

)

IB U

N

TI O

O R AC C TI UL TU VIT Y RE )

D D

O

(F O

O

ST O

L RE

D IS TR

RI C UL PR TU O D UC RE TI O N )

AG

D

O

C A

(L O

FO

N

N

BA

IO

IT

TR

UR

ARCHITECTURE

(R

C A

ES TA L F UR OO D A N TS )

(R

LO

EC AT O UR FR A IE L RE ND LY SO UR C ES )

(N

LANDSCAPE

W O (K RK IT C SH H O EN P LA S BS )

P LA RO VI N SI D SC N G A PE

IM

TOWARDS BIOHYBRID DESIGN

DESIGN STRATEGY COMMUNITY HEALTH URABANISM

SOCIAL

Urban agriculture and commercial development represent a crucial move towards a sustainable and environmentally friendly model. Given the relatively low production of raw food in Chicago compared to other states and the potential compromise of imported foods’ natural integrity, opting for local farming seems like a more viable solution. Establishing distribution centers and restaurants would not only contribute to economic growth but also foster social development within the community. Chicago, renowned for its food and culinary culture, could experience increased public activity and community engagement.

ON ARCHITECTURE + HEALTH

SUMMARY

While Chicago’s climate poses limitations on what can be grown locally, the implementation of large greenhouses with temperature control can create an optimal environment for crops. Additionally, utilizing organic waste from the area as a nutritious fertilizer enhances plant health. Harnessing natural resources such as wind, sun, and stormwater for energy in farming and commercial activities adds to the overall sustainability. Given the daily impact of food consumption on individual health, incorporating healthy, locally sourced food into daily diets becomes imperative for maintaining overall well-being.

35

36

THANK YOU

TOWARDS BIOHYBRID DESIGN