The Aestheticians Journal March'2025 Digital Issue
Glutathione Injections: A Key Player in Skin Brightening and Health
Microneedling in Dermatology: Advancements and Applications
Exploring the Power of Innovative Skin Treatments for Enhancing Skin Rejuvenation
Efficacy and Tolerability of a Hydroquinone-Based Depigmenting Regimen in Melasma and Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH)
EXECUTIVE EDITOR & PUBLISHER
Dom Daniel CORPORATE OFFICE
22, Shreeji Bhavan, 275-279, Samuel Street, Masjid Bunder (W), Mumbai-4000 03, INDIA.
EMAIL: theaestheticiansjournalindia@gmail.com
Website: theaestheticiansjournal.com
Printed, Published, Edited and Owned by Dom Daniel Printed at Swastik Printer, Gala No.9 & 10, Vishal Industrial Estate, Bhandup (West), Mumbai- 400078. Published at 22 Shreeji Bhavan, 275/279, Samuel Street, Masjid Bunder (West), Mumbai - 400003. India.
“The Aestheticians Journal” takes no responsibility for unsolicited photographs or material ALL PHOTOGRAPHS, UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED, ARE USED FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSE ONLY.
Views expressed in this Journal are those of the contributors and not of the publisher. Reproduction in whole or in parts of texts or photography is prohibited. Manuscripts, Photographs and art are selected at the discretion of the publisher free of charge (advertising excluded). Whether published or not, no material will be returned and remains the property of the publishing house, which may make use of it as seen fit. This may include the withdrawal of publication rights to other publishing houses.
All rights reserved. Reproducing in any manner without prior written permission prohibited.
Published for the period of March -2025
Cover Credit
Model: Arjumman Mughal
Hair Stylist: Nanda Tolani
Make Up Artist: Ajay Shailar
Photographer : Mahender Soni
Celebrating Being a Women and the Art of Timeless Beauty
This Women’s Day, we celebrate not just the strength and resilience of women but also the elegance of transformation—both in spirit and in science. Just as women redefine beauty on their own terms, modern dermatology is redefining skin rejuvenation, moving beyond superficial enhancements to holistic skin health.
Advancements in aesthetic medicine now embrace the natural rhythm of skin renewal, blending science, art, and innovation to restore confidence and radiance. From bioregenerative treatments and energybased devices to cutting-edge injectables, today’s dermatology is no longer about chasing youth but about embracing empowerment at every age.
In this special issue, we explore the science of rejuvenation, highlighting treatments that honor both beauty and well-being. We take inspiration from remarkable women in dermatology, whose expertise and dedication continue to shape the field. Their work reminds us that, like skin, knowledge and progress are ever-evolving.
As we honor the achievements of women across all walks of life, let us also celebrate the beauty of resilience, the brilliance of innovation, and the confidence that comes from embracing one’s unique journey. Because true radiance is not just seen—it is felt.
In this issue, we delve into the science and artistry of skin and hair rejuvenation, spotlighting groundbreaking treatments that redefine dermatological care. From the efficacy and tolerability of a hydroquinone-based depigmenting regimen in melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation to the role of glutathione injections in skin brightening, we explore the latest advancements that empower both clinicians and patients. Our coverage extends to the transformative potential of microneedling and other innovative skin treatments that enhance skin health and rejuvenation. A special feature honors Dr. Meera James, whose invaluable contributions to dermatology continue to inspire future generations. As we celebrate scientific progress, we also acknowledge the evolving role of women in dermatology, highlighting their experiences, challenges, and triumphs. True rejuvenation extends beyond the skin—it is about confidence, empowerment, and embracing one’s best self.
Happy Women’s Day!
- Dom Daniel Executive Editor & Publisher
HAIR SERUM CONDITIONER LEAVE ON
Editorial Board Advisory Board
Dr. Pravin Banodkar
MBBS, DNB, (Dermatology, Government of India), DD (UK), Fellowship Pediatric Dermatology (IADVL)
• Consultant Dermatologist, Asian Cancer Cumballa Hill Hospital and SRCC Children’s Hospital, Mumbai
Introduction
Melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation
(PIH) are common dermatological conditions that can significantly affect patients' quality of life. PIH, which occurs after skin inflammation or injury, is more prevalent and severe in individuals with darker skin tones (Fitzpatrick types III to VI). Melasma, characterized by brown to gray-brown patches on the face, typically affects women with Fitzpatrick skin types IV-VI, with common sites including the cheeks, forehead, and upper lip. Known risk factors for both conditions include genetics, UV exposure, hormonal changes, pregnancy, and medications such as phenytoin.1,2,3 First-line treatment for hyperpigmentation includes topical agents like hydroquinone, kojic acid, and glycolic acid, followed by oral therapies such as tranexamic acid, melatonin, and cysteamine
hydrochloride.4 This case study evaluates the effectiveness and tolerability of topical depigmenting cream with airless pump formulation in treating mild to moderate melasma and PIH.
Case presentation & History
A 42-year-old female presents with a chief complaint of progressive darkening of the skin around the periorbital area and cheeks, with persistent infraorbital pigmentation that has been present for several years. She reports no known triggering factors and denies any history of trauma, inflammation. She has no significant chronic illnesses and no known drug allergies. Her lifestyle includes mild sun exposure from regular outdoor activities, but she uses sunscreen only sporadically. The patient expresses significant distress due to the cosmetic impact, as the pigmentation
affects her self-confidence and overall appearance. The patient had previously tried various over-the-counter depigmenting creams and undergone chemical peels, but the results were only transient, prompting her to seek a more effective and long-lasting treatment.
Clinical Examination
Dermatological examination revealed, symmetrical light brownish-black pigmentation in the infraorbital area characteristic of melasma. Additionally, prominent patches of hyperpigmentation were observed around the orbital area and lateral cheeks, with well-demarcated lesions that were more pronounced on the zygomatic region. The skin exhibited an overall uneven tone but no other significant dermatological findings were noted. No signs of active inflammation, erythema or ongoing acne were noted. The skin appeared mildly uneven in tone, with increased pigmentation intensity in sunexposed areas. The patient subjectively reported feeling self-conscious about her uneven complexion and expressed concern over mild dryness in the affected areas.
Diagnosis
The patient was diagnosed with infraorbital hyperpigmentation (IOH), likely idiopathic or constitutional, based on her history, clinical presentation, and examination findings. The working diagnosis suggests that the hyperpigmentation is primarily due to a combination of sun exposure and mild post-inflammatory changes. Differential diagnoses considered include melasma, post-
inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). A Wood’s lamp examination indicated predominantly epidermal pigmentation, which is generally more responsive to topical therapies. Given the distribution and characteristics of the pigmentation, a final diagnosis of melasma and PIH was established.
Treatment Plan
A comprehensive combination regimen was prescribed to target multiple pathways of melanin production, protect the skin barrier, and improve overall skin tone. The primary treatment included a topical skin depigmenting complex containing hydroquinone, kojic acid, aluminum silicate (Antipollon HT), grape seed oil, and tetrahydrocurcumin. Hydroquinone and kojic acid act synergistically as tyrosinase inhibitors to reduce melanin production, helping to lighten dark spots and patches. Tetrahydrocurcumin and grape seed oil provide antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skinnourishing benefits, promoting a healthier skin barrier. Aluminum silicate, a specialized clay mineral, was incorporated to help remove impurities, reduce irritation, and create a smoother skin surface. The depigmenting cream was prescribed for nightly application, beginning with alternate-night use for the first two weeks to assess skin tolerance. Additionally, a mild cleansing mask with aluminum silicate was recommended for use 1–2 times per week. A ceramide-based light moisturizer was recommended for application in the morning and evening, particularly over dry or irritated areas. To prevent
further pigmentation, strict photoprotection with a daily sunscreen of SPF 30 or higher was emphasized as a crucial part of the regimen.
Adjunctive Measures:
• Broad-Spectrum ........... Sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher): Advised for daily use to prevent UV-induced melanogenesis.
• Sun-Protective Measures: Wide-brim hats, limiting sun exposure during peak hours.
• Gentle Skin Care Routine: Mild cleanser, avoiding harsh exfoliants to reduce irritation.
Follow-up
The patient was reviewed at four-week intervals over a 12week period to assess treatment response and tolerance. At the one-month follow-up, mild improvement in hyperpigmented patches was noted. The patient reported slight dryness and tingling with hydroquinone, which was alleviated by regular use of grape seed oil as a moisturizer. Adherence to the prescribed regimen was good, with consistent application of topical agents and sunscreen. By week eight, there was noticeable lightening of the hyperpigmented areas, particularly around the cheeks, though the periorbital region showed persistent pigmentation. No significant adverse effects were reported, apart from occasional dryness. Given the steady progress, the hydroquinone concentration was maintained without any dosage increase. By week twelve, there was a significant improvement in skin tone uniformity, with an estimated 50–60% reduction in hyperpigmented lesions. The patient expressed high satisfaction with the visible
reduction in melasma, reporting increased confidence. To consolidate results, the regimen was continued for another month, after which hydroquinone would be gradually tapered to prevent rebound hyperpigmentation.
Result
Before treatment
After treatment
Figure 1: After 3 months of treatment, visible reduction in melasma and significant improvement in skin tone uniformity
Discussion
Topical depigmenting agents are a first-line treatment option for melasma or PIH. The topical skin depigmenting complex containing hydroquinone, kojic acid, aluminium silicate, grape seed oil, and tetrahydrocurcumin effectively targets mild to moderate melasma and chronic post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), with noticeable improvement typically seen within 4-6 weeks.5 In contrast, alternatives containing nicotinamide, kojic acid, glycolic acid, and tetrahydrocurcumin may take 4-8 weeks to show improvement.6 The currently available airless depigmenting cream offers superior efficacy and stability compared to traditional formulations stored in standard tubes or jars. One of the key advantages of an airless pump packaging is its ability to prevent oxidation, thereby maintaining the potency of active ingredients such as hydroquinone, kojic acid, retinol, and vitamin C for a longer duration. These ingredients are highly effective in reducing melasma or PIH but are also prone to degradation when exposed to air and light.7 In contrast, depigmenting creams non-airless pump which are packaged in conventional tubes, may be more susceptible to oxidation, leading to a potential reduction in efficacy over time. Hydroquinone, in particular, is known to darken upon oxidation, diminishing its depigmenting effect. Similarly, kojic acid and vitamin C degrade when exposed to air, reducing their ability to inhibit melanin synthesis effectively.6
By using an airless pump system, the formulation remains fresh, stable, and consistently effective throughout its usage. This ensures that patients receive the full therapeutic benefit of the active ingredients without the risk of degradation. Additionally,
airless pumps offer a more hygienic dispensing method, minimizing contamination and ensuring precise dosing, which can further enhance treatment outcomes. Overall, the airless depigmenting cream provides a significant advantage in stability, efficacy, and user experience compared to conventional depigmenting creams and making it a superior choice for long-term hyperpigmentation management.
Conclusion
The combination of a potent hydroquinone-based depigmenting cream for shortterm intensive treatment and a long-term maintenance formulation effectively managed melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) with minimal side effects. Strict sun protection and maintenance therapy played a crucial role in achieving sustained results. The airless pump technology used in these formulations ensured product stability by reducing oxidation-related degradation, thereby enhancing both efficacy and tolerability. The hydroquinone-based treatment proved highly effective for both melasma and PIH, while the maintenance cream provided a well-tolerated alternative for steady improvement, especially in sensitive cases. Similarly, topical depigmenting creams, especially combination formulations, can effectively treat infraorbital hyperpigmentation by targeting multiple pathways of melanin production. Patient education and adherence to the prescribed treatment are vital for achieving optimal outcomes. Continued maintenance with antioxidant and skin-protective
Efficacy and Tolerability of a Hydroquinone-Based Depigmenting Regimen in Melasma and Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH)
measures is recommended to prevent recurrence and maintain results.
References
1. Lawrence E, Syed HA, Al Aboud KM. Postin flammatory Hyperpigmentation. [Updated 2024 Nov 25]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov / books/ NBK559150/
2. Basit H, Godse KV, Al Aboud AM. Melasma. [Updated 2023 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): Stat Pearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https :// www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/ books/NBK459271/
4. Nautiyal A, Wairkar S. Management of hyperpigmentation: Current treatments and emerging therapies. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2021; 34: 1000 –1014. https:// doi.org/ 10.1111/ pcmr.12986
5. Cook-Bolden FE, Hamilton SF. An openlabel study of the efficacy and tolerability of microencapsulated hydroquinone 4% and retinol 0.15% with antioxidants for the
treatment of hyperpigmentation. Cutis. 2008;81(4):365-371.
6. Boo YC. Mechanistic Basis and Clinical Evidence for the Applications of Nicotinamide (Niacinamide) to Control Skin Aging and Pigmentation. Antioxidants (Basel). 2021;10(8):1315. Published 2021 Aug 21. doi:10.3390/ antiox10081315.
7. Halla N, Fernandes IP, Heleno SA, et al. Cosmetics Preservation: A Review on Present Strategies. Molecules. 2018;23(7):1571. Published 2018 Jun 28. doi:10.3390/ molecules23071571
Glutathione Injections: A Key Player in Skin Brightening and Health
Dr. Aakriti Mehra
MBBS, DDVL
Consultant
Mumbai
Dermatologist & Cosmetologist
Introduction
The desire for a lighter complexion has grown, particularly among adults, with skin tone often linked to beauty and confidence, especially for women. This increasing demand has led to the widespread use of skinwhitening agents, including glutathione, in topical, oral, and intravenous forms. While glutathione has gained popularity for its skin-lightening and antioxidant properties, it is important to acknowledge that healthy, well-maintained skin should be the true aspiration rather than an obsession with fairness. Achieving a balanced perspective on skincare is a collective responsibility, shifting the focus from changing skin color to enhancing overall skin health and confidence. Glutathione, a naturally occurring antioxidant, plays a crucial role in detoxification, cellular repair, and intracellular redox balance. It has demonstrated multiple systemic benefits, including liver protection, improved diabetic complications, antiviral defense, and potential antitumor effects. Its role in dermatology emerged after the discovery of its anti-melanogenic properties,
as it promotes pheomelanin synthesis while inhibiting melanogenic enzymes, leading to a brighter and more even skin tone. Additionally, its antioxidative and antiaging effects help counteract hyperpigmentation caused by UV exposure.1,2,3,4,5
Glutathione offers multiple skin benefits, making it a soughtafter ingredient in dermatology and cosmetology. Its skinbrightening effect comes from its ability to inhibit melanin production, resulting in a lighter and more even complexion. Additionally, its anti-aging properties help reduce oxidative stress, delaying visible signs of aging such as wrinkles and fine lines. Glutathione also plays a crucial role in hydration and skin elasticity by enhancing collagen production, which contributes to firmer, more youthful skin. Furthermore, its detoxification properties support liver function, aiding in the elimination of toxins and promoting clearer, healthier skin. These combined effects make glutathione a powerful antioxidant for overall skin health and rejuvenation. With its multifunctional benefits and
increasing demand, glutathione continues to be a widely studied and utilized agent for skin brightening and overall skin health. Among the various forms of glutathione administration, intravenous (IV) use has been the most controversial. Despite its rising popularity as a systemic skin-lightening molecule, IV glutathione has been approved by regulatory authorities primarily for specific systemic disorders rather than cosmetic purposes.1,2,3,4,5
However, it is essential to approach glutathione treatments with caution and mindfulness. While its skin benefits make it a soughtafter ingredient, it is not the most cost-effective solution and should not become an addiction, especially among younger individuals. Rather than viewing skin lightening as the ultimate goal, the focus should be on achieving clear, healthy skin through a well-balanced skincare approach. Glutathione should be used responsibly, under the guidance of a qualified dermatologist, as part of a holistic regimen that includes sun protection, proper hydration, a nutritious diet, and stress management. Ultimately, skin color should not define beauty or confidence. True radiance comes from healthy, well-maintained skin, free from damage and premature aging. While glutathione can be a beneficial supplement, its use should be guided by realistic expectations, professional supervision, and a commitment to overall skin wellness.1,2,3,4,5
Biological Functions of Glutathione
Glutathione is a small, watersoluble thiol-tripeptide composed of three amino acids: glutamate, cysteine, and glycine. It exists in two forms—reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG)—and plays a crucial role as a potent antioxidant in the human body, maintaining intracellular redox balance. Beyond its wellestablished antioxidant properties, glutathione has gained attention for its antimelanogenic effects, leading to its widespread use as a skinlightening agent. It is particularly popular among certain ethnic populations, though there remains a discrepancy between its marketed benefits and scientific evidence supporting its efficacy and safety. Several over-the-counter skinlightening products are available, including vitamin E, hydroquinone, vitamin C serum, niacinamide, arbutin, glycolic acid, and kojic acid. Newer ingredients such as marine algae extracts, soy, pycnogenol, and Boswellia have also gained traction. These topical agents vary in effectiveness from person to person. Additionally, systemic skin-lightening products such as L-cysteine peptide, tranexamic acid, and plant-based extracts are used. Among these, glutathione has become one of the most popular agents due to its perceived faster action and growing demand. Glutathione acts as a skin-lightening agent by inhibiting tyrosinase, a key enzyme in melanin synthesis. It also influences melanin composition by shifting eumelanin (responsible for dark brown pigmentation) to pheomelanin (which produces a yellow-red color),
Glutathione
resulting in a lighter skin tone.1,6
Glutathione plays a crucial role in various physiological functions essential for cellular health. It helps maintain the sulfhydryl groups of proteins and other molecules, ensuring structural integrity and proper function. Additionally, it catalyzes exchange reactions, facilitating biochemical processes in the body. As a potent antioxidant, glutathione is involved in scavenging free radicals, particularly hydrogen peroxide, protecting cells from oxidative stress. It also aids in the translocation of amino acids across cell membranes, supporting protein synthesis and metabolism. Furthermore, glutathione is integral to the detoxification of xenobiotics, helping eliminate harmful substances from the body. Lastly, it participates as a coenzyme in vital cellular metabolic processes, contributing to overall cellular function and homeostasis. Glutathione has gained immense popularity, where it is often regarded as a "magical skin-whitening molecule." Its rapid rise in demand has been fueled by manufacturers and media campaigns promoting its effects not only in treating hyperpigmentation disorders like melasma but also as a general skin-whitening agent.1,6
Figure 1: The glutathione redox cycle, demonstrating the inter-conversion of oxidized and reduced glutathione
Safety and Considerations
According to Section 201(s) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of the United States Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA), glutathione-based oral dietary supplements are classified as "Generally Recognized as Safe" (GRAS). There are no restrictions on the use of oral glutathione in the many countries. However, the primary limitation of oral glutathione is its low bioavailability in humans. This limitation has led manufacturers of intravenous (IV) glutathione injections to promote this route of administration, claiming it allows for rapid absorption into the bloodstream and skin, thereby achieving faster skin-whitening effects. The commonly recommended IV dosage ranges from 600 to 1200 mg, administered once or twice weekly, with no standardized duration of therapy. Despite its widespread use, there remains a lack of scientific literature evaluating the efficacy of IV glutathione for skin whitening.1
While glutathione is generally well-tolerated, there are potential side effects that users should be aware of. Several adverse effects of intravenous (IV) glutathione (GSH) have been documented, where the Department of Health and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a position paper warning against its off-label use for skin lightening. Reported complications include prolonged or high-dose IV glutathione use has been linked to kidney dysfunction, as it may alter renal function by affecting glutathione
Glutathione
metabolism in the kidneys. Individuals with pre-existing kidney conditions should exercise caution, and regular monitoring of renal function is advised when undergoing IV therapy. Additionally, some users may experience cutaneous reactions ranging from mild skin rashes to severe and potentially fatal conditions such as StevensJohnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Patients undergoing twice-weekly IV GSH therapy have reported severe abdominal pain, thyroid dysfunction. More concerning are the potentially lethal complications associated with improper administration, including air embolism, blood-borne infections, and fatal sepsis. These risks are often linked to untrained personnel using incorrect injection techniques, unsterile or reused needles, and counterfeit glutathione formulations. Apart from the lack of robust evidence supporting the efficacy of IV GSH for skin lightening, its high cost remains another significant deterrent to its widespread use.5
Discussion
Glutathione IV therapy has gained significant attention as a skinenhancing treatment, leveraging direct intravenous administration to maximize its antioxidant and detoxifying effects. By bypassing the digestive system, IV delivery ensures optimal bioavailability, allowing glutathione to neutralize free radicals, reduce oxidative stress, and promote cellular detoxification. This method enables more efficient absorption compared to oral or topical alternatives, making it a preferred choice for those seeking immediate and noticeable results. Regular IV glutathione sessions have been reported to improve skin tone, texture, and hydration, leading to a reduction in hyperpigmentation, dark spots, and redness for a more even complexion. Its potent anti-aging properties help minimize fine lines and wrinkles while preserving cellular health and hydration, ultimately contributing to a more youthful appearance. Long-term use has also been associated with sustained skin-brightening effects and enhanced overall skin quality. Despite its growing popularity, particularly in the cosmetic industry for accelerating skin lightening, IV glutathione remains controversial due to limited comprehensive safety data. Many individuals, especially in the Philippines, use it as a primary skin-lightening agent, despite the lack of extensive research on its long-term effects. While it presents a promising option for improving skin radiance, integrating it into a holistic skincare regimen—incorporating sun protection, a balanced diet, and proper hydration—is essential.6,7
While glutathione is widely known for its skin-brightening effects, its benefits extend beyond aesthetics. As a powerful antioxidant, it neutralizes free radicals and reduces oxidative stress, protecting cells from damage that may contribute to chronic diseases like inflammatory conditions and heart disease. It also plays a crucial role in liver detoxification by aiding in the breakdown and elimination of
harmful toxins and carcinogens. Additionally, glutathione supports the immune system by enhancing lymphocyte function, helping the body fight infections more effectively. Its anti-aging properties further contribute to skin health by maintaining elasticity, reducing fine lines and wrinkles, and preventing cellular damage for a more youthful appearance. When selecting an IV glutathione treatment, it is crucial to consider the quality and purity of the formulation. A well-balanced infusion should include glutathione along with complementary nutrients such as vitamin C, which enhances its effectiveness while supporting overall skin health and hydration. This combination not only promotes an even skin tone but also revitalizes and nourishes the skin from within. For aesthetic purposes or overall wellness, glutathione IV therapy presents a promising option for those seeking both beauty and health benefits. However, given concerns regarding safety and efficacy, professional consultation remains essential to ensure responsible use and long-term skin wellness.6,7
Conclusion
In conclusion, glutathione injections have gained popularity as a skin-brightening treatment due to their ability to reduce melanin production and promote a more even complexion. As a powerful antioxidant, glutathione not only aids in skin lightening but also offers additional benefits such as anti-aging, detoxification, and immune support. While injections are
Glutathione
Glutathione Injections: A Key Player in Skin Brightening and Health
preferred over oral supplements for their superior absorption and effectiveness, their administration should always be carried out by a qualified dermatologist to ensure safety. With minimal downtime and promising results, glutathione injections can be an effective option for individuals seeking a brighter, healthier skin tone. However, proper consultation and professional supervision remain essential for optimal outcomes.
References
1. Mohan S, Mohan L, Sangal R, Singh N. Glutathione for skin lightening for dermatologists and cosmetologists. Int J Res Dermatol 2020;6:284-7.
2. Sitohang IBS, Ninditya S. Systemic Glutathione as a Skin-Whitening Agent in Adult. Dermatol Res Pract. 2020 Apr 24;2020: 8547960. doi: 10.1155/ 2020/ 8547960. PMID: 32373172; PMCID: PMC7196133.
3. Weschawalit S, Thongthip S, Phutrakool P, Asawanonda P. Glutathione and its antiaging and antimelanogenic effects.
4. Patil A, Naseem A, Shukla R, Agrawal B, Langade D, Analysis of usage pattern of glutathione by dermatologists: Results of a cross-sectional study. IP Indian J Clin Exp Dermatol 2024;10(3): 323-327.
5. Sonthalia S, Jha AK, Lallas A, Jain G, Jakhar D. Glutathione for skin lightening: a regnant myth or evidence-based verity? Dermatol Pract Concept. 2018 Jan 31;8(1):15-21.
6. Sonthalia S, Daulatabad D, Sarkar R. Glutathione as a skin whitening agent: Facts, myths, evidence and controversies. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2016;82: 262-272.
7. Zubair S, Hafeez S, Mujtaba G. Efficacy of intravenous glutathione vs. placebo for skin tone lightening. J Pak Assoc Dermatol [Internet]. 2017Mar.29 [cited 2025Feb.7];26(3):177-81. Available from: https://www.jpad.com.pk / index.php / jpad / article / view / 18.
Oral Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) for Anti-Aging
Introducing Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) and its role in Anti-Aging
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) has gained significant attention as a promising anti-aging supplement, now available in India and recognized in over 90 countries for its potential in addressing age-related decline. As a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), NMN plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism, energy production, DNA repair, and mitochondrial function, all of which are essential for maintaining overall biological health. With aging, NAD+ levels naturally decline, leading to cellular dysfunction, metabolic decline, and various age-related health concerns. NMN supplementation has been shown to effectively restore NAD+ levels, counteracting mitochondrial impairment, genomic instability, and metabolic disorders while supporting improved cellular function, energy metabolism, and overall vitality. NAD+ is deeply involved in fundamental biological processes such as glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, which are essential for cellular energy production. Additionally, it regulates DNA repair, epigenetic modifications, neuroinflammation, and immune responses, playing a key role in aging and metabolic homeostasis. Research suggests that replenishing NAD+ through NMN supplementation may help mitigate age-related conditions such as cognitive decline, metabolic diseases, and frailty.
NMN, a bioactive nucleotide, exists in two isomeric forms—alpha -NMN and Beta-NMN—of which Beta-NMN is the biologically active variant. Naturally present in various foods such as edamame, avocado, broccoli, and cabbage, NMN is also synthesized within the human body through enzymatic pathways. It is primarily derived from nicotinamide (NAM) via the nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) pathway and can also be converted from nicotinamide riboside (NR). Once ingested, NMN is rapidly converted into NAD+ through the action of NMN adenylate transferase (NMNAT), ensuring its vital role in metabolic pathways, DNA repair, gene expression, and immune regulation. By sustaining NAD+ levels, NMN not only enhances mitochondrial function and cellular repair but also supports metabolic homeostasis and inflammatory control, contributing to improved overall health and longevity. Extensive studies highlight NMN’s potential in promoting longevity, maintaining youthful energy, and ensuring metabolic balance. With growing scientific evidence, NMN is increasingly recognized as a powerful nutraceutical with therapeutic potential for preventing and reversing age-related decline.
FAQ on Oral Nicotinamide
Mononucleotide (NMN) for Anti-Aging
Q1: What is Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) and why is it important in the context of aging?
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) is a naturally occurring precursor to Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+), a vital coenzyme involved in
essential cellular processes, including energy production, DNA repair, and regulation of oxidative stress. As NAD+ levels naturally decline with aging, cellular function is compromised, contributing to the increased appearance of photoaging, including wrinkles, dryness, and thinning of the skin. Supplementation with NMN has been shown to elevate NAD+ levels, potentially enhancing cellular repair mechanisms, improving skin resilience, and mitigating agerelated changes in the skin.
Q2: How does NMN contribute to the maintenance of cellular function during aging?
NMN supports cellular function by boosting NAD+ levels, which are essential for processes like DNA repair, mitochondrial function,
and inflammation regulation. In skin cells, this results in improved cell turnover, enhanced DNA repair from UV damage, optimal mitochondrial health, and reduced oxidative stress. These effects help preserve skin integrity, prevent premature aging, and maintain a youthful appearance.
Q3: What are sirtuins, and how are they related to NMN’s anti-aging effects?
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent enzymes essential for regulating metabolism, stress response, and DNA repair. As aging occurs, sirtuin activity diminishes, resulting in decreased skin elasticity and compromised cellular repair mechanisms. NMN supplementation works by elevating NAD+ levels, which in turn activates sirtuins to promote DNA repair, reduce inflammation, and enhance skin health, positioning sirtuins as a key target for anti-aging therapies.
Q4: What aging-related processes does NMN influence in skin cells?
NMN influences key aging-related processes in skin cells by elevating NAD+ levels. It enhances DNA repair, reducing genetic damage that accelerates aging. NMN also improves mitochondrial function, boosting energy production and reducing oxidative stress, which helps maintain skin elasticity and tone. Additionally, it supports skin cell metabolism, promoting better cell turnover and healthier skin. These effects collectively slow visible signs of aging, including fine lines and wrinkles.
Q5: How does NMN affect mitochondrial health, and why is this important for aging?
Mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell, play a crucial role in maintaining energy production and preventing the accumulation of damaged cells in the skin. As mitochondrial function declines with age, NMN increases NAD+ levels, activating sirtuins like SIRT3. This promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and enhances mitochondrial efficiency, supporting skin health. Maintaining mitochondrial health is essential for preserving skin tone, texture, and the skin's ability to repair damage caused by UV exposure.
Q6: Can NMN help with age-related diseases, and if so, how?
Yes, NMN supplementation may help with age-related diseases, especially those affecting the skin. It reduces inflammation and oxidative stress, which contribute to skin aging and conditions like rosacea and acne. Additionally, NMN's effects on insulin sensitivity may benefit systemic conditions like type 2 diabetes, which can impact skin circulation and healing.
Q7: What is the mechanism behind NMN’s ability to enhance DNA repair?
DNA repair is critical for preventing mutations and the
accumulation of genetic damage that contributes to aging. NAD+ serves as a vital cofactor for DNA repair enzymes, such as PARP (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase). NMN supplementation elevates NAD+ levels, thereby enhancing the activation of these repair enzymes in skin cells. This process helps mitigate DNA damage caused by environmental stressors, such as UV radiation and pollution, preserving skin integrity and reducing the formation of wrinkles, fine lines, and age spots.
Q8: How does NMN compare to other NAD+ precursors, such as Nicotinamide Riboside (NR)?
Both Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) and Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) are NAD+ precursors, but NMN offers a more direct conversion to NAD+, whereas NR must be converted into NMN before becoming NAD+. This direct pathway allows NMN to more efficiently and rapidly increase NAD+ levels, potentially providing quicker benefits for skin health and reducing signs of aging. While both support cellular health, NMN may offer superior advantages for skin rejuvenation due to its faster action.
Q9: Can NMN help with hair growth in androgenetic alopecia (AGA)?
Yes, NMN has shown potential in promoting hair growth in androgenetic alopecia (AGA). It enhances VEGF expression, improving blood circulation to hair
follicles and supplying essential nutrients. NMN also reduces inflammatory markers like IL-6 and TNF-a, which contribute to follicle miniaturization and hair loss. Additionally, by modulating androgen receptor signalling and decreasing DKK-1 expression, NMN may help reverse follicle damage caused by AGA.
Q10: Can NMN be combined with other antiaging supplements?
Yes, NMN can be combined with other anti-aging supplements like vitamins C and E, resveratrol, and coenzyme Q10. Antioxidants reduce oxidative stress and protect skin, while resveratrol boosts NAD+ and supports skin repair. Coenzyme Q10 enhances mitochondrial function, promoting energy for healthy skin. Together, these supplements work synergistically to improve skin health and reduce signs of aging.
Q 11: What is the optimal time for the administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplements to maximize their therapeutic efficacy?
The most effective time to take nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) orally is in the morning on an empty stomach, even during fasting. This timing aligns with the body’s natural NAD+ production cycle, optimizing energy metabolism and cellular function. Consuming NMN on an empty stomach enhances its absorption, maximizing its benefits for energy, focus, and metabolic support.
Morning supplementation also corresponds with peak NAD+ levels and SIRT-1 activity, further amplifying its impact on cellular repair, vitality, and overall health.
Multifunctional Serum For Healthy & Youthful Skin
Ethyl Ascorbic Acid
Azelaic Acid
N-Butylresorcinol
Ferulic Acid
Sodium Hyaluronate
Tocopheryl Acetate
D Panthenol
Calendula Extract
Arbutin and Vitis Vinifera Grape Seed Extract
Tocopheryl Acetate
Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate and Glutathione
Tranexamic Acid
Kojic Acid Dipalmitate
Titanium Dioxide & Iron Oxide
L - Glutathione
Vitamin C (L-Ascorbic Acid)
Hyaluronic Acid
Aloe barbadensis Mill.(Aloevera) Extract
Acai berry Extract
Vaccinium Corymbosum (Blue berry) Extract
Grape Seed Extract
Vitamin E
A Woman of Substance:
Dr. Meera James, MD (Dermatology) Founder of Beau Aesthetica The Cosmetic Dermatology Clinic and Academy, Kerala
Dr. Meera James stands as an inspiring example of strength, perseverance, and success. A renowned Dermatologist, she has achieved remarkable milestones in her medical career, earning respect and admiration for her expertise and dedication to her patients. However, her journey has been far from ordinary. Behind her professional success lies an extraordinary personal story of resilience—her battle against cancer.
From her early aspirations to become a Dermatologist to her rise as a leader in the field, Dr. James has faced numerous challenges with unwavering determination. Her diagnosis with cancer marked a turning point in her life, testing her courage and resolve like never before. Despite the physical, emotional, and mental toll of the illness, she not only continued to excel in her career but also emerged as a source of hope and inspiration for others.
In this interview, Dr. Meera James reflects on her life, career, and personal battles, sharing her insights and experiences. She opens up about her journey through the highs and lows, the support systems that kept her going, and how surviving cancer has transformed her outlook on life and Dermatology.
Through her story, Dr. James not only sheds light on the realities of balancing a demanding career with personal health struggles but also emphasizes the importance of resilience, selfcare, and the power of hope. Her journey is a testament to the strength of the human spirit and serves as an inspiration to women in medicine and beyond.
1. How did your diagnosis affect your professional life and your work as a Dermatologist?
The first time I was diagnosed with ovarian cancer was in December 2021. I had to undergo an extensive laparotomy, which required me to rest due to the long row of staples on my abdomen. During this time, my daughter was home due to Corona and had online classes, so she kept me great company. Professionally, I had an assistant doctor seeing patients. Afterward, I went through 6 sessions of chemotherapy, which caused me to lose all my hair. Since my chemo sessions were on Fridays, I was able to work in the clinic and perform procedures over the weekends. My passion for being a doctor and a teacher kept me going. Working in the clinic and training young Dermatologists who joined my hands-on training sessions gave me great energy. People talk about fighting cancer, but I didn’t view it as a fight – I considered it just another illness and continued living my life, doing what I love, and enjoying every day. The second time I was diagnosed, in August 2024, was harder. I was dealing with stress in the clinic and felt worn out, attributing it to stress and jet lag from a recent trip to Portugal. However, it turned out to be brain metastasis affecting my frontal lobe and comprehension. After neurosurgery and radiation, recovery took longer than expected. Even routine follow-ups didn't fully reveal the extent of the issue. Thankfully, I had strong support from friends, family, and colleagues, who helped me through. Three weeks after surgery, I surprised everyone by returning to the clinic. Both surgeries went smoothly with minimal recovery.
2. What challenges did you face as a woman in medicine, and how did you overcome them?
To be honest, I have never really faced gender-based challenges in my profession. Dermatology, especially Cosmetic Dermatology, has always been very inclusive. In fact, most of the doctors in Cosmetic Dermatology are women, and there is a strong sense of support and collaboration among us. We all share supportive female friendships, and there is no room for competition or jealousy—just camaraderie. We enjoy conferences, bonding, and learning together. Professionally, however, I have faced challenges that were more about trust. Some colleagues and staff, whom I trusted, unfortunately took advantage of that, especially in financial matters. It’s been a learning experience, showing
me that not everyone operates with the same level of integrity. It’s taught me to be more cautious, particularly when it comes to financial aspects, and to keep a close eye on things and people. While I’ve always seen money as just a tool to make things work, life’s lessons have made me more careful in how I handle these matters.
3. Can you share some of the toughest moments during your treatment and recovery journey?
The toughest moments came with my second diagnosis in August 2024. At that time, it was definitely much harder. I had been under a lot of stress in the clinic, which left me feeling incredibly worn out. Initially, I had attributed the fatigue to the pressures of work and the jet lag from my recent trip to Portugal. However, it turned out that the real cause was a brain metastasis pressing on my frontal lobe, affecting my comprehension. The diagnosis was a shock, and the subsequent neurosurgery and radiation were challenging. Despite the difficulties, those treatments ultimately helped me manage the condition. The recovery process was more gradual and complex than I had anticipated. Even routine follow-ups didn’t fully reveal the extent of the issue, as sometimes cancer’s "claws" were not immediately obvious. Thankfully, I had a strong support system, which helped me navigate through that difficult time. Their unwavering support played a key role in helping me stay strong and move forward.
4. What role did your family, friends, and colleagues play in supporting you during this time?
During that challenging time, the support I received from my loved ones had been invaluable. My best friends from Alleppey Medical College, who had remained close over the years, travelled from abroad to be with me, offering their unwavering support and care. Along with them, my daughter, parents, and sister had played a crucial role, providing the emotional strength I needed to get through it all. Together, they had formed the bridge helping me across that river.
5. Did your experience with cancer influence the way you interact with or empathize with your patients?
Absolutely. My experience with cancer had made me more empathetic toward my patients, especially those facing chronic or life-threatening illnesses. I understood the emotional and physical toll it took, and this had helped me connect with them on a deeper level.
6. What personal habits or mindsets helped you maintain resilience during this battle in your life?
Maintaining resilience during that cancer battle was largely due to a combination of a positive mindset, staying engaged in the things I loved, and focusing on my work. I made a conscious decision to approach my cancer journey with optimism, not allowing it to define me or hold me back from doing what I enjoyed. Keeping myself busy with my professional responsibilities, especially in the clinic and with teaching, helped me stay grounded and provided a sense of normalcy. Additionally, I leaned heavily on my strong support system—my loved ones, friends, and colleagues— who were always there to listen and offer encouragement. I found strength in being open about my journey, which helped me avoid the feelings of isolation that many people experience during such challenges. By staying connected and embracing both my personal passions and my work, I was able to maintain the resilience needed to move forward with hope and determination.
7. What advice would you give to other women who are balancing demanding careers while facing health challenges?
My advice to women balancing demanding careers while facing health challenges is to stay aligned with your passions and values. It's crucial to prioritize what truly matters to you, whether that's your work, your family, or personal well-being. Seek support from your network when needed—don't hesitate to lean on your loved ones, colleagues, or professional counsellors. Sharing your journey can not only lighten the emotional load but also foster connection and understanding. Remember, it’s vital to approach each day one step at a time. Trust in your body’s resilience, and allow yourself the grace to rest when necessary, without feeling guilty. Selfcompassion and balance are key to navigating both personal and professional challenges.
8. How do you advocate for self-care and regular health screenings among your colleagues and patients?
In advocating for self-care and regular health screenings, I consistently emphasize their importance both during patient consultations and within my professional network. I stress that regular check-ups and screenings are vital for early detection and prevention, particularly for those in high-stress careers, where health often takes a backseat. Prioritizing health is not just a personal responsibility but a professional one, as it enables us to continue performing at our best in all aspects of life.
9. What do you consider your biggest professional and personal achievements?
Professionally, I take great pride in the Dermatology training programs I’ve developed, which have had a lasting impact on shaping the careers of young Dermatologists.
I am also proud of the contributions I have made to advance the field of Dermatology through my clinical work and research. Personally, my greatest achievement has been navigating my cancer journey with resilience, positivity, and grace, all while continuing to fulfill my professional responsibilities and remain actively engaged in my community.
10. Looking back, is there anything you would have done differently during this journey?
Looking back, if there was one thing I would have done differently, it would have been to place a stronger emphasis on stress management and to be more attuned to my body’s signals—especially during the second diagnosis when I mistakenly attributed my fatigue to stress and jet lag. Recognizing early signs and taking proactive steps could have allowed me to address the issue sooner.
11. What legacy do you hope to leave behind, both as a Dermatologist and as a cancer survivor?
As both a Dermatologist and a cancer survivor, I hope to leave behind a legacy built on empathy, resilience, and an unwavering passion for medicine. I want to be remembered not only for my clinical expertise but for how I faced personal challenges head-on and continued to serve others, especially within Dermatology.
12. What message would you like to share with women aspiring to succeed in medicine or Dermatology?
To women aspiring to succeed in Dermatology or any medical field, my advice is clear: stay passionate, stay focused, and never let anyone or anything discourage you. The path will undoubtedly have obstacles, but it is your perseverance, commitment, and resilience that will define your success. Keep believing in yourself and stay dedicated to your purpose, because the impact you make will be immeasurable.
Balancing Practice, Society and Family.
The Aestheticians Journal connected with three leading Dermatologists who shared how they balance their Practice Society and Family roles on a day to day basis while celeberating being a woman
1. What does being a"Strong woman" mean to you?
To me, being a strong woman means embracing resilience, confidence, and grace while navigating the complexities of life. Strength is not just about physical endurance but also emotional intelligence, self-awareness, and the ability to uplift others.
As a dermatologist, entrepreneur, wife, and mother, I see strength in balancing personal and professional aspirations without losing sight of self-care. It’s about making tough decisions, standing up for what’s right, and constantly evolving despite challenges. A strong woman knows when to push forward and when to pause and heal. True strength also lies in vulnerability—the courage to ask for help, to embrace imperfections, and to redefine success on one’s own terms. It’s about inspiring others to believe in themselves, fostering a supportive community, and leaving a lasting impact through knowledge, kindness, and empowerment.
2. How do you deal with situations where you feel your gender is being used against you?
I personally haven't encountered many situations of gender bias. Very subtly sometimes. Generally I choose to address all situations with confidence, competence, and professionalism.
Let My Work Speak for Itself – I focus on delivering excellent patient care, staying ahead with knowledge, and ensuring my skills are up to date. When expertise is undeniable, gender becomes secondary.
Assertive Yet Graceful Responses – If I sense bias—whether from colleagues, patients, or industry professionals—I address it directly but diplomatically. A simple yet firm response like “I believe expertise is what truly matters here” helps shift the focus back to merit.
Supportive Networks – Surrounding myself with strong, likeminded professionals helps. Having a network of mentors, peers, and colleagues who uplift and advocate for each other strengthens resilience against gender-based challenges.
Staying Focused on the Goal – At the end of the day, my goal is to make a difference in people’s lives. Instead of letting biases deter me, I channel my energy into growing, evolving, and inspiring others. Managing my dermatology practice, speaking at conferences, or mentoring younger woman doctors helps me stay focussed.
3. Do you believe there are areas where women are still underrepresented, and if so, which ones? Absolutely! While women have made incredible strides in various
Dr. Radhika Kopikar MBBS, DDVL, MD Dermatologist, Cosmetologist & Trichologist
Founder Kopikar Dermatology, Mumbai
fields, there are still areas where they are underrepresented— such as leadership roles in corporate sectors, certain branches of medicine and surgery, tech innovation, and even space exploration. However, I firmly believe that with a strong support system— whether it’s family, mentors, or a network of like-minded individuals—there’s nothing a woman cannot achieve. The world is changing, and women are taking charge in ways we’ve never seen before. A little encouragement and a lot of selfbelief go a long way!
4. What is the mantra you practice for yourself and advocate to other women?
I have grown up around extremely strong women. Uplifting was never a question rather a norm. be it my Grandmother, Dr. Ratna Trivedi who was one of the First Gyneacologists in the town owning the 1st nursing home of
Gwalior, my Mom, Dr. Sushma Trivedi again a Gyneacologist who practiced abroad as well, my mom in law, Dr. Vidya Kopikar an extremely strong women a Pediatrician and many more such women around. All highly educated, professionals, talented and ambitious. It’s important to feel the confidence and self-worth and not wait for others to uplift you. Having strong examples and conducive unbiased encouraging environment definitely helps.
5. What advice would you give to young women about navigating the world as a woman?
As a young woman navigating the world, my advice would be to embrace your uniqueness and never underestimate your strength. Choose your Partner well. Understand that every challenge, whether personal or professional, is an opportunity for growth. Stay true to
Dr. Sharmila Patil MD, DDVL Professor and Head Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy
Dr.
D.Y. Patil Medical College & Hospital & Research Centre, Mumbai
1.What does being a "Strong woman" mean to you? Being a strong woman is an amalgamation of empathy,adaptability ,positive attitude through tough times, and standing up for oneself and others. It’s about being true to who I am, helping others, and never giving up. Strength isn’t just physical; it’s also about being mentally strong and kind. It’s about facing challenges with confidence just like mother earth!
yourself, trust your instincts, and build a strong support system of like-minded people who empower you to achieve your goals. Take care of your mental and physical well-being, as self-care isn’t a luxury, it’s a necessity. Most importantly, never let fear hold you back from pursuing your dreams – be bold, be resilient, and remember that you have the power to shape your own path.
2. How do you deal with situations where you feel your gender is being used against you?
When my gender is used against me, I stay calm and make it clear that I’m capable no matter what. I try to educate and explain, but if it’s not worth it, I just move on. It’s important to stay focused on what I can control and not let others define my worth. I deal with it by staying confident in myself.
3. Do you believe there are areas where women are still underrepresented, and if so, which ones?
With changing times now women are not underrepresented anymore. Various areas which need a strong face at the front take women to do so. Even though things are getting better, women still may face challenges getting into these areas but with power and resilience they are getting there well.
4. What is the mantra you practice yourself and advocate to other women?
Sharing positive thoughts and environment with other women. I believe in collaboration rather than competing as each women is blessed with their own set of talents. Standing together gives you strength. I encourage women to be each other's strength. This would enhance the qualities that a woman is already innately blessed with.
5. What advice would you give to young women about navigating the world as a woman?
To young women navigating the world, I would say: believe in yourself and your abilities. You are capable, intelligent, and worthy of success. Never let anyone tell you that you are less than what you truly are. Surround yourself with people who uplift and support you, and seek mentors who inspire you. Don’t shy away from challenges; instead, use them as stepping stones to grow. Understand that setbacks are a part of the journey, but they do not define you—your resilience and determination do. Most importantly, never dim your light to make others comfortable. Be bold, take risks, and chase your dreams fearlessly.
Balancing Practise, Society and Family.
Dr. Sharmila Nayak MBBS, DDV Founder, Medical Director and Aesthetic Dermatologist
The Skin 1st Clinic
Mumbai
1. What does being a "Strong woman" mean to you? To me, being a strong woman is about resilience, strength and self-awareness. She is someone who knows her worth and stands by it - be it in her personal life, career or relationships. It’s about carving out your space in the world and doing it with grace and determination.
2. How do you deal with situations where you feel your gender is being used against you?
I have learned that the best way to counter bias—whether subtle or blatant—is with competence and confidence. I don’t let assumptions define me; I let my work and my expertise do the talking. When faced with situations where my gender is used against me, I address them directly but strategically. Sometimes, that means calling out the bias; other times, it’s about proving people wrong without needing to explain myself. The key is to never let external perceptions dictate your self-worth.
3. Do you believe there are areas where women are still underrepresented, and if so, which ones?
Yes, women are still underrepresented in leadership roles across industries—corporate boardrooms, politics, finance, and even medicine. The challenge isn’t a lack of talent but systemic barriers that limit opportunities at times. Women also face gaps in venture capital, media representation, and sports equity. True progress will come when women don’t just have a seat at the table but real influence in shaping decisions, policies, and innovations.
4. What is the mantra you practice for yourself and advocate to other women?
I believe advocacy starts with how we treat ourselves. I set boundaries, negotiate my worth, and refuse to settle for less than what I deserve. For the women around me, I try to lead by example— mentoring, supporting, and opening doors where I can. Whether it’s through my work, my platform, or even one-on-one conversations, I make it a point to uplift other women and remind them that they need to own their space & know their worth.
5. What advice would you give to young women about navigating the world as a woman?
Own your space. Speak up. Never apologize for being ambitious. The world will try to make you doubt yourself—don’t let it. Surround yourself with people who inspire and challenge you. Know your worth and never hesitate to ask for what you deserve. And most importantly, remember that strength doesn’t mean doing everything alone—find your tribe, support other women, and build each other up. When women stand together, we are unstoppable.
#AccelerateAction
Exploring the Power of Innovative Skin Treatments for Enhancing Skin Rejuvenation
Dr. Swati Garg MD (DVL)
Dermatologist
Smart Skin Solutions
Panchkula, Haryana
Introduction
The facial skin is often regarded as a key indicator of overall health
and youthfulness. Clear, smooth, and radiant skin is widely considered a hallmark of beauty, and individuals often seek to maintain or enhance these qualities. However, various skin concerns, such as uneven skin tone, dullness, and open pores, can diminish the skin's natural glow and create an appearance of imbalance. These conditions are commonly seen in different skin types and can arise from multiple factors, including environmental influences, aging, hormonal changes, and lifestyle choices. Uneven skin tone can result in dark spots, redness, or pigmentation irregularities, while dullness indicates a lack of radiance and a tired, lifeless complexion. Open pores, often a sign of oily or acneprone skin, can make the skin appear textured and uneven. These three concerns often overlap, creating a complex skin condition that can significantly affect one's appearance.1
The pathophysiology of uneven
skin tone, dullness, and open pores involves complex mechanisms that affect the skin's structure, function, and appearance. Uneven skin tone primarily results from disruptions in melanogenesis, where increased melanin production leads to hyperpigmentation due to UV exposure, inflammation (such as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation), or hormonal changes (like melasma). Conversely, hypopigmentation can occur due to decreased melanin production, seen in conditions like vitiligo. Dullness arises from factors like impaired skin cell turnover, dehydration, oxidative stress, and poor circulation, leading to a buildup of dead skin cells, loss of radiance, and a rough texture. Open pores, often seen in oily or acne-prone skin, are exacerbated by excess sebum production, leading to clogged and enlarged pores. Additionally, loss of skin elasticity from aging, sun damage, and acne-related inflammation causes pores to appear more pronounced. Genetic factors also play a role in determining pore size,
with individuals prone to larger pores due to inherited traits.1 Acne arises from excess sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, and bacterial colonization, leading to inflammation and potential scarring. Scars, whether atrophic or hypertrophic, result from dermal damage. Sun damage from UVA and UVB radiation accelerates photoaging, pigmentation, and collagen breakdown, causing skin to lose elasticity. Skin hydration and firmness, reliant on water retention and the production of collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid, decline with age, environmental factors, and hormonal changes, resulting in dryness and sagging skin.2
Skin imperfections like acne, scarring, sun damage, and dehydration can deeply affect physical appearance and psychological well-being, leading to low self-esteem, social anxiety, and emotional distress. These issues may cause social withdrawal and, in severe cases, depression, creating a cycle where stress worsens skin conditions. Addressing both the aesthetic and emotional impacts of skin concerns is essential for improving quality of life.2
Case Report
A 38-year-old female with uneven skin tone, dullness, and open pores underwent a single session of innovative chemical peel containing a biphasic formulation with biostimulating, revitalising and peeling actions for skin rejuvenation. The treatment used a formulation of exfoliating acids, amino acids, and vitamins, applied for 5-7 minutes to improve skin tone, texture, and pore appearance.
Immediate effects were assessed without moisturizers or sunscreen. The acids promoted exfoliation and pore unclogging, while amino acids and vitamins supported hydration and collagen synthesis. Multiple sessions are advised for lasting improvements.
Diagnosis
A thorough clinical examination is essential for assessing the overall appearance of the skin, focusing on signs of hyperpigmentation such as age spots and melasma, skin dullness, and pore size. By evaluating the distribution and pattern of pigmentation changes, clinicians can diagnose conditions like melasma, which is often hormonally driven, or post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, typically resulting from previous skin inflammation. This clinical approach
Figure 1: Improvement in skin tone and texture after skin rejuvenation
helps in the identification of underlying causes of uneven skin tone and provides initial insights into potential treatments.3
Dermatoscopy enhances visualization of deeper skin layers, aiding in distinguishing benign pigmentation from serious lesions like melanoma.4
Advanced imaging systems assess tone, texture, and pigmentation, tracking changes over time to monitor treatment efficacy for conditions like uneven skin tone and dullness.5
High-definition optical devices create 3D skin maps to assess pore size and texture, aiding in smoothness improvement.6
Spectrophotometric tools like the Skin Analyser measure melanin levels, identifying uneven pigmentation and dullness. Skin analysis systems evaluate pores, wrinkles, pigmentation, and UV damage, aiding in treatment monitoring.
Optical Coherence Tomography assesses collagen, hydration, and epidermal changes, while confocal microscopy provides real-time, high-resolution views for diagnosing pigmentation disorders, acne, and dermal changes.7
Treatment
AHAs like glycolic acid exfoliate and improve texture, tone, and hydration, while BHAs like salicylic acid clear pores and reduce acne. Niacinamide strengthens the skin barrier and boosts regeneration, and benzoyl peroxide targets acne with antimicrobial and antiinflammatory effects. Retinoids treat acne, fine lines, and pigmentation but may cause dryness. Sunscreen (SPF 30+) prevents UV damage and hyperpigmentation. Chemical
peels, microneedling, laser treatments, and HydraFacials enhance skin texture, tone and hydration.8, 9
The innovative chemical peel treatment exhibits biostimulating, revitalizing, and peeling properties, driven by its advanced biphasic technology and the unique combination of active principles. The formulation is comprised of a lipophilic blue phase over a hydrophilic yellow phase. The lipophilic phase (BLU) serves as a protective barrier, floating atop the hydrophilic phase (YELLOW), preventing the oxidation of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) by mechanically isolating it from oxygen, thereby stabilizing the formulation. This phase also enhances the efficacy of additional acids and dermofunctional ingredients, contributing to improved performance. Furthermore, it plays a crucial role in reducing trans-epidermal water loss, facilitating the vehiculation of active ingredients, restoring the cutaneous hydro-lipidic film, and enhancing hydration through both direct and indirect mechanisms.10
The hydrophilic phase contains active ingredients like TCA, lactobionic acid, salicylic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, amino acids (glycine, proline, hydroxyproline, arginine), vitamins C and B2, and GABA. TCA triggers the Skin Stress Response (SSRS), enhancing collagen synthesis and skin elasticity. Hydroxyproline promotes ceramide synthesis and collagen production, while arginine supports blood flow, tissue growth, and the production of collagen, elastin and keratin. Vitamin C boosts
collagen synthesis and protects skin from oxidative stress, while Vitamin B2 supports cellular regeneration and skin repair, with deficiencies potentially causing fine, oily skin. GABA inhibits metalloproteinases (MMPs), promoting collagen synthesis and providing an antiwrinkle effect through muscle relaxation, leading to skin tissue distension. The lipophilic phase forms a microfilm that supports regeneration, hydration, and enhances ingredient delivery. The combination of lactobionic acid, salicylic acid, tartaric acid, and citric acid, along with amino acids and vitamins, provides exfoliating, moisturizing, and anti-aging effects, promoting skin regeneration, clearing clogged pores, and tightening pores.10
This formulation, through its multifaceted active ingredients, not only provides exfoliation and hydration but also fortifies the skin’s natural defenses and regeneration mechanisms, offering a comprehensive treatment for skin rejuvenation and overall cutaneous health.
Discussion
The skin, as the body's largest organ, protects against environmental factors, regulates temperature, and provides sensory feedback. However, modern lifestyle factors contribute to common skin issues like acne, hyperpigmentation, fine lines, wrinkles, and loss of elasticity. Acne is caused by excess sebum, hormonal changes, and pollutants, while hyperpigmentation results from sun exposure and hormonal shifts. Aging, exacerbated by smoking, stress, and poor sleep,
leads to fine lines and sagging. UV radiation accelerates photoaging, and environmental factors worsen skin texture, dullness, and elasticity loss. These issues stem from extrinsic factors affecting the skin's integrity and function.2,5,6
Skin rejuvenation treatments improve texture, tone, and skin imperfections by stimulating natural repair processes. Benefits include smoother skin, reduced scars, fewer fine lines, and improved elasticity for a youthful glow. Many treatments are non-invasive with minimal downtime but require regular maintenance. Disadvantages include temporary results,
References
1. Liu Y, Mao R, Xiao M, Zhu W, Liu Y, Xiao H. Facial Rejuvenation: A Global Trend of Dermatological Procedures in the Last Decade. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2024; 12(6):e5801. Published 2024 Jun 4. doi:10.1097/ GOX.0000000000005801.
2. Xu W, Sinaki DG, Tang Y, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. Acne-induced pathological scars: pathophysiology and current treatments. Burns Trauma. 2024; 12:tkad060. Published 2024 Apr 5. doi:10.1093/ burnst/ tkad060.
3. Ring C, Cox N, Lee JB. Dermatoscopy. Clin Dermatol. 2021 Jul-Aug; 39(4):635-642. doi: 10.1016/j. clindermatol.2021.03.009. Epub 2021 Mar 19. PMID: 34809768.
4. Huang YW, Arkesteijn W, Lai YJ, Ng CY. A comparative study of an advanced skin imaging system in diagnosing facial pigmentary and inflammatory conditions. Sci Rep. 2024 Jun 25; 14(1):14673. doi:
potential side effects like irritation, and suitability concerns for sensitive skin or darker skin tones. Advanced treatments can also be costly.8,10 This biphasic formulation stimulates collagen production, improves skin texture, reduces fine lines, and addresses acne, pigmentation, and scarring. The treatment exfoliates, enhances hydration, and restores the skin's barrier. Non-invasive with minimal downtime, it offers low-risk rejuvenation but may cause sensitivity, irritation, or redness, especially for sensitive skin. Results are temporary, requiring follow-up sessions, and it may not suit those with active skin conditions. The cost per session
can be high for those needing multiple treatments.10
Conclusion
Skin rejuvenation treatments like the chemical peel with biphasic formulation offer benefits such as improved collagen production, skin elasticity, and texture. They address issues like acne, hyperpigmentation, and uneven tone. However, results require periodic maintenance, and the treatment may not suit all skin types. Future advancements in skin rejuvenation will focus on improving efficacy, minimizing side effects, and expanding accessibility, offering more personalized and effective solutions for long-term skin health.
5. Haniffa MA, Lloyd JJ, Lawrence CM. The use of a spectrophotometric intracutaneous analysis device in the real-time diagnosis of melanoma in the setting of a melanoma screening clinic. Br J Dermatol. 2007 Jun; 156(6):1350-2. doi: 10.1111/ j.13652133.2007.07932.x. PMID: 17535234.
6. Zawodny P, Stój E, Kulig P, Skonieczna - Żydecka K, Sieńko J. VISIA Skin Analysis System as a Tool to Evaluate the Reduction of Pigmented Skin and Vascular Lesions Using the 532 Nm Laser. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2022 Oct 14; 15:21872195. doi: 10.2147/ CCID.S380388. PMID: 36267688; PMCID: PMC9578358.
7. Atak MF, Farabi B, Navarrete-Dechent C, Rubinstein G, Rajadhyaksha M, Jain M. Confocal Microscopy for Diagnosis and Management of Cutaneous Malignancies: Clinical Impacts and Innovation. Diagnostics
9. Poon TS, Barnetson RS. The importance of using broad spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreens in tropical and subtropical climates. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2002 Aug; 18(4):175-8. doi: 10.1034/ j.1600-0781.2002.00768.x. PMID: 12390671.
10. Pathak A, Mohan R, Rohrich RJ. Chemical Peels: Role of Chemical Peels in Facial Rejuvenation Today. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2020 Jan; 145(1):58e-66e. doi: 10.1097/ PRS.0000000000006346. PMID: 31881607.
Skin GPT: Revolutionizing Skincare Education and Research through Generative AI Technology
Skin GPT is an innovative technology that bridges the gap between consumer expectations and the actual effects of cosmetic products by visualizing long-term skin benefits. This tool, aimed at beauty brands and retailers, allows consumers to understand potential skin changes from product use or neglect. Skin GPT also highlights the adverse effects of environmental factors such as allergens, pollution, and sun exposure, helping users visualize these impacts over time. The technology aims to educate younger consumers on the importance of skincare by allowing them to project the long-term effects of personalized product usage. Skin GPT also supports R&D by generating synthetic images of aging, product effects, and environmental damage, enhancing data and filling gaps in age and phenotype information. By leveraging generative AI, Skin GPT creates photorealistic images using advanced models such as GANs and diffusion models, offering a tool for both skincare education and research. Skin GPT is positioned as a game-changer in the beauty industry, driving personalization and innovation.
Biotech Revolution in Skincare Drives Sustainability and Innovation
Biotechnology is revolutionizing the skincare industry by offering sustainable, eco-friendly solutions. Innovations like lab-grown botanicals, bio-based polymers, and fermented actives reduce the environmental impact of traditional ingredient sourcing, minimizing land use, water consumption, and carbon emissions. These biotech processes provide potent ingredients without widespread farming, ensuring higher sustainability. Key advancements include lab-grown botanicals that replicate plant components, fermented actives such as hyaluronic acid and probiotics, and bio-based polymers replacing synthetic materials. Additionally, biotech is influencing packaging and production with biodegradable materials and carbon-neutral processes, setting new sustainability standards. This shift in skincare represents a critical step toward a more sustainable, scientifically-driven future, meeting both ethical and performance demands in the personal care industry.
Microneedling in Dermatology: Advancements and Applications
Dr. Kanu Verma
MBBS, MD-SKIN &VD
Senior Consultant Dermatologist &Cosmetologist
Aastha Medicare, Dwarka, Delhi
Visiting Consultant, Aakash Healthcare Hospital
Dwarka, Delhi
Introduction
Microneedling, formerly referred to as collagen induction therapy
(CIT) or percutaneous collagen induction, has become an established treatment modality for atrophic acne scars and skin rejuvenation.
As a minimally invasive technique, microneedling utilizes a device equipped with fine needles to perform superficial punctures in the skin. Its rising popularity can be attributed to several factors, including its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, safety profile, and the minimal training required for practitioners. Initially focused on enhancing collagen production for facial scarring and overall skin rejuvenation, microneedling is now increasingly recognized as an effective transdermal delivery system including ascorbic acid (AA), retinoids, melanin, proteins, and peptides for therapeutic agents and vaccines.1
Microneedling procedure involves the repetitive puncturing of the skin using sterilized microneedles, which creates physical trauma that stimulate the wound healing process while minimizing
damage to the epidermis. This causes , creation of micropunctures in the skin using fine needles, effectively penetrating the stratum corneum to form small openings known as micro conduits while sparing the epidermis. This process stimulates the generation of various growth factors, including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factors (TGF-a and TGF-B), connective tissue activating protein, connective tissue growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). These growth factors play a crucial role in stimulating collagen and elastin production within the capillary dermis.1
Microneedling devices and fabricated microneedles (MNs) create micro-channels in the stratum corneum (SC), facilitating the transport of therapeutic agents through the skin at clinically relevant doses. This technique enhances the absorption of cosmetic agents compared to conventional topical administration, potentially reducing the overall quantity required.
The mechanism of
microneedling, to induce a controlled wound healing response by disrupting collagen strands within the superficial dermis, establishes its utility in scar treatment. The mechanical action of the microneedles facilitates the breakdown of old scar tissue and promotes revascularization. This stimulation triggers processes such as neovascularization and neocollagenesis through the migration and proliferation of fibroblasts, leading to the deposition of an intercellular matrix. Approximately five days post-injury, a fibronectin matrix is formed, which plays a crucial role in subsequent collagen deposition, primarily involving collagen type III. This biological response contributes to skin tightening effects that can persist for 5 to 7 years, highlighting the longterm benefits of microneedling in improving skin texture and appearance. It is important to distinguish microneedling from other procedures, such as transdermal drug delivery or vaccination, where microneedles are employed differently.1
Microneedling disrupts the stratum corneum (SC) in a reversible manner, causing minimal pain and bleeding, especially with short needles (<600 μm). However, pain increases with longer needles (500–1500 μm), and needles over 1000 μm can puncture blood capillaries, causing visible bleeding. The technique's effectiveness varies by skin thickness across different body areas, with neocollagenesis occurring at around 500–600 μm. It also boosts transdermal drug delivery by bypassing the SC, widening the follicular infundibulum, and improving the penetration of topical treatments.
Procedure
Microneedling is an effective office-based procedure that typically lasts between 10 to 20 minutes, depending on the treatment area. Prior to the procedure, patients should be counselled regarding expected outcomes, the delayed nature of responses, and the necessity for multiple sessions. Preoperative skin preparation is recommended for at least one month, utilizing topical formulations of vitamins A and C applied twice daily to optimize dermal collagen synthesis. Vitamin A influences the expression of 400–1,000 genes involved in the proliferation and differentiation of key cell types within the epidermis and dermis, while vitamin C is essential for normal collagen production.2
The procedure is performed under topical anesthesia, commonly using a eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine or tetracaine, applied for 45 minutes to one hour. Following antiseptic preparation and saline application to the treatment area, the skin is held taut with one hand while microneedling is conducted perpendicularly with the other hand. The device is rolled five times in horizontal, vertical, and oblique directions. The treatment endpoint is identified by uniform pinpoint bleeding, which is easily manageable.2
Post-procedure, the treated area can be moistened with saline, and ice packs may be applied for patient comfort. Patients are advised to apply sunscreen regularly and adhere to sun-protective measures. The procedure is generally well-tolerated, with minimal post-treatment sequelae, typically limited to slight erythema and edema lasting 2–3 days. There is no significant downtime, allowing patients to resume normal activities the following day.2
Subsequent treatments should be scheduled at intervals of 3 to 8 weeks; as multiple sessions are often required to achieve optimal skin improvement. The final aesthetic results are not immediately observable; as new collagen deposition continues for approximately 3 to 6 months following the completion of treatment.2
Microneedling in Dermatology: Advancements and Applications
Application of microneedling in dermatology
• Atrophic Acne Scars
Microneedling effectively treats post-acne atrophic scars, especially rolling and boxcar types, but is less effective for ice-pick scars. It is safe for all skin types, requires minimal downtime, and poses a low risk of post-inflammatory dyschromia. Typically, 4 to 6 sessions are needed for significant improvement. By creating controlled microinjuries, microneedling stimulates collagen and elastin production, promoting neovascularization and neocollagenesis. This enhances fibroblast activity, leading to better collagen deposition and improved skin texture.2
• Rejuvenation of Skin
Microneedling is increasingly utilized for skin rejuvenation due to its ability to stimulate collagen and elastin production. By creating controlled microinjuries in the skin, this technique activates the body’s natural wound healing response, promoting neovascularization and enhancing the overall texture and appearance of the skin. It effectively reduces fine lines, wrinkles, and large pores while improving skin tone and firmness.3
• Facial Melanosis
Microneedling is an effective treatment for facial melanosis, including melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. By creating microinjuries in the skin, it stimulates the body's healing response and enhances collagen production, promoting skin regeneration.
This technique improves uneven pigmentation and overall skin tone while also enhancing the absorption of topical lightening agents and antioxidants, maximizing their effectiveness.4
• Surgical scars
This technique enhances the body’s natural healing response, leading to improved skin texture and elasticity while breaking down fibrous scar tissue. Additionally, microneedling facilitates the absorption of topical agents designed for scar reduction, making it a valuable option for minimizing the appearance of surgical scars.5
• Stretch marks
Microneedling is an effective treatment for stretch marks, stimulating collagen and elastin production through controlled microinjuries. This promotes the body’s natural healing response, improving skin texture and elasticity. The technique also enhances the absorption of topical treatments, optimizing results.6
• Periorbital Pigmentation
Microneedling effectively addresses periorbital pigmentation, including dark circles, by inducing controlled microinjuries that stimulate collagen and elastin production. This technique enhances the absorption of topical agents for pigmentation reduction, optimizing treatment outcomes. With minimal downtime, microneedling is suitable for patients seeking to improve skin brightness and elasticity in the periorbital region, yielding significant improvements.7
New- Indication
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and Alopecia Areata (AA)
Microneedling is believed to play a significant role in the treatment of hair pathology by stimulating stem cells in the dermal papilla, increasing blood flow to hair follicles, and activating growth factors and signaling pathways that induce hair growth. This technique effectively addresses conditions such as alopecia areata and androgenetic alopecia by creating controlled microinjuries in the scalp. These microinjuries promote healing, enhance blood circulation, and boost the release of growth factors. In alopecia areata, microneedling improves the absorption of topical treatments, while in androgenetic alopecia, it encourages neovascularization and strengthens hair follicles.8
Hyperhidrosis
Microneedling is emerging as a treatment option for hyperhidrosis, particularly in areas such as the underarms, palms, and soles. By creating controlled microinjuries in the skin, this technique may disrupt sweat gland activity and stimulate localized healing responses. The microinjuries can enhance the absorption of topical treatments, such as antiperspirants or neurotoxins, improving their efficacy. With minimal downtime and low risk of adverse effects, microneedling offers a novel approach for managing excessive sweating.9
Discussion
Healthy skin plays a crucial role in psychological and social well-being, with dermatological conditions often linked to increased rates of depression, social isolation, and lower quality of life. Treatments like topical agents, chemical peels, and laser therapies address skin aging, acne scars, and hyperpigmentation, while newer cosmetic procedures treat complex conditions such as vitiligo and melasma. Microneedling, a popular minimally invasive procedure, uses needles to create micro-injuries in the skin, promoting regeneration and enhancing the absorption of active ingredients. It is effective for skin rejuvenation, scar remodeling, and pigmentary disorders, with needle length tailored to specific treatment areas. Microneedling devices have evolved to include
fractional radiofrequency, home-care rollers, vacuumassisted infusion, and LED rollers. The procedure is generally well-tolerated, with mild side effects like redness and swelling resolving in a few days, and minimal downtime. Patients can resume daily activities the next day, but must use sunscreen and avoid sun exposure for a week. Microneedling with plateletrich plasma (PRP) is effective for facial pigmentation and skin rejuvenation, promoting collagen production and tissue repair. Though safe and popular in dermatology, the procedure can be costly, and more research is needed to optimize treatment protocols and evaluate long-term effects.8,9
Conclusion
Microneedling has become popular in cosmetics due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and ability to treat various skin conditions by enhancing the delivery of active agents. While promising, many cosmetic ingredients remain unexplored, presenting opportunities for future research. Advances in the field suggest potential commercial growth, though challenges like small treatment areas and complex combined therapies must be addressed. Future research will focus on improving materials, developing new fabrication methods, and expanding microneedling's applications in disease detection and personalized medicine. Strict regulation of home-use devices is also essential to ensure safety and efficacy.
References
1. Singh A, Yadav S. Microneedling: Advances and widening horizons. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2016 Jul-Aug; 7(4):24454. doi: 10.4103/2229-5178.185468. PMID: 27559496; PMCID: PMC4976400.
2. Iriarte C, Awosika O, Rengifo-Pardo M, Ehrlich A. Review of applications of microneedling in dermatology. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2017 Aug 8; 10:289-298. doi: 10.2147/CCID. S142450. PMID: 28848356; PMCID: PMC5556180.
3. Alessa D, Bloom JD. Microneedling Options for Skin Rejuvenation, Including Non-temperature-controlled Fractional Microneedle Radiofrequency Treatments. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2020 Feb; 28(1):1-7. doi: 10.1016/ j.fsc.2019.09.001. PMID: 31779933.
4. Cassiano DP, Espósito ACC, Hassun
KM, Lima EVA, Bagatin E, Miot HA. Early clinical and histological changes induced by microneedling in facial melasma: A pilot study. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2019 Nov-Dec; 85(6): 638-641. doi: 10.4103/ ijdvl.IJDVL_44_19. PMID: 31607716.
5. Claytor RB, Sheck CG, Chopra V. Microneedling Outcomes in Early Postsurgical Scars. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2022 Sep 1; 150(3):557e-561e. doi: 10.1097/ PRS.0000000000009466. Epub 2022 Jun 28. PMID: 35759632.
6. Määttä J. Stretch Mark Treatment by Tattooing and Microneedling. Curr Probl Dermatol. 2022; 56:205-211. doi: 10.1159/ 000529556. Epub 2023 Jun 1. PMID: 37263224.
7. Nilforoushzadeh MA, Heidari-Kharaji M, Shahverdi M, Nouri M, Enamzadeh R, Nobari
NN, Fakhim T, Rafiee S. Microneedle fractional radiofrequency in the treatment of periorbital dark circles. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2023 Aug; 22(8):2218-2224. doi: 10.1111/ jocd.15870. Epub 2023 Jun 16. PMID: 37326254.
8. English RS Jr, Ruiz S, DoAmaral P. Microneedling and Its Use in Hair Loss Disorders: A Systematic Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2022 Jan; 12(1):41-60. doi: 10.1007/s13555 - 021-00653-2. Epub 2021 Dec 1. PMID: 34854067; PMCID: PMC8776974.
9. Chilukuri S, Robb CW, Weiner SF, Grossman J. Primary Axillary Hyperhidrosis Treatment Using High Intensity Focused Fractional Radiofrequency Microneedling. J Drugs Dermatol. 2018 Jul 1; 17(7):745748. PMID: 30005096.
Year-Round SPF Use Becomes Essential Amid Increased Skin Cancer Awareness
The dermatology community is witnessing a shift in consumer skincare practices as the critical role of daily sun protection gains heightened recognition. In response to growing awareness of skin cancer risks, including Merkel Cell Carcinoma, Dermatologists emphasize the necessity of consistent SPF use throughout the year. Advances in sunscreen formulations now provide broadspectrum UV protection while incorporating supplementary skincare benefits such as hydration and antioxidant properties. These innovations facilitate the integration of sun protection into daily routines, even during colder months, thereby promoting comprehensive skin health and mitigating the risk of sun-induced dermatologic conditions.
Advancements in Regenerative Skincare: Targeting Cellular Rejuvenation
Advancements in regenerative medicine are revolutionizing anti-aging skincare by targeting cellular rejuvenation. Stem cell therapies, using autologous stem cells, promote dermal repair and regeneration. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy stimulates collagen production and improves skin texture by utilizing a patient's own blood components. Peptides, essential amino acids for collagen and elastin synthesis, are incorporated into topical formulations to enhance skin elasticity. Exosome treatments, derived from extracellular vesicles, support skin regeneration by modulating cellular repair, often in combination with microneedling. Additionally, growth factors, which decrease with age, stimulate collagen and elastin production, improving skin structure. These regenerative treatments offer non-invasive solutions for reversing signs of aging and promoting overall skin health.
The best of both sides. FAMILY SPIRIT AND A THIRST FOR KNOWLEDGE combined at
