Dark Circles & Tired-Looking Eyes: Solutions for Revitalizing the Under-Eye Area
Dandruff & Scalp Itching
Exploring The Effects of Hair Colouring On Hair
EXECUTIVE EDITOR & PUBLISHER DOM DANIEL
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PUBLISHED FOR THE PERIOD OF JUNE -2025
Revitalizing Beauty: Addressing Key Personal Care Concerns from Eyes to Hair
This issue addresses common yet often overlooked personal care concerns that impact both appearance and confidence. It begins with a focus on dark circles and tired eyes, exploring the various causes—including lifestyle, environmental factors— and highlighting effective treatments to brighten and rejuvenate the under-eye area for a refreshed look.
Next, attention turns to dandruff and scalp itching, common conditions often linked to fungal infections. Practical management strategies, including targeted shampoos and scalp care routines, are discussed to provide relief and reduce recurrence.
TO
NEXT, ATTENTION TURNS
DANDRUFF
ITCHING,
AND SCALP
COMMON CONDITIONS OFTEN LINKED TO FUNGAL INFECTIONS.
The issue also emphasizes the importance of lip care, detailing how hydration and advanced formulations maintain soft, healthy lips while preventing dryness, chapping, and premature aging.
Finally, the effects of hair coloring on hair texture, strength, and structural integrity are examined. Tips for protecting and restoring hair health after chemical treatments are provided to help maintain vibrant, resilient hair.
Together, these topics offer a comprehensive approach to personal care, equipping readers with valuable insights to enhance their natural beauty and confidence.
- DOM DANIEL EXECUTIVE EDITOR & PUBLISHER
DARK CIRCLES & TIRED-LOOKING EYES: SOLUTIONS FOR REVITALIZING THE UNDER-EYE AREA
INTRODUCTION
Dark circles under the eyes are not just about pulling an all-nighter anymore. They have become a familiar sight on almost everyone face, thanks to stress, too much screen time, and the never-ending to-do lists. These persistent shadows can make you
look more tired and older than you feel—definitely not the look you are going for. The thing is, not all dark circles are caused by the same factors. Whether it is pigmentation, puffiness, thin skin, or loss of volume, the causes vary, and so should the solutions. That is why
simply slapping on any random eye cream might not cut it. The key is figuring out what really causing your dark circles so you can target the right treatment and get back to looking refreshed and bright-eyed.1
CAUSES OF DARK CIRCLES: WHAT REALLY BEHIND THEM?
Dark circles are caused by a mix of genetic, structural, vascular, inflammatory, and lifestyle factors. Here is a breakdown of the most common causes-from those rooted in your biology to those influenced by your habits:
1. Genetics and Skin Pigmentation
This is the most common cause of dark circles. If your parents or grandparents have them, you're likely to have them too. People with naturally higher melanin levels (especially in medium to darker skin tones) often develop brown or bluish under-eye pigmentation early in life. In some, deeper skin pigment conditions cause grey or blue discoloration that can worsen with sun exposure or hormonal changes.2
2. Aging, Volume Loss & Puffiness
As we age, the skin under the eyes becomes thinner and loses collagen and fat, creating hollows (tear troughs). These hollows cast shadows, making dark circles more visible. Puffiness caused by fluid retention-especially in the morning or due to salty food-can also add to the shadowing effect and exaggerate the appearance of dark circles.2
3. Thin Skin and Visible Blood Vessels
The under-eye area has some of the
thinnest skin on the body. In people with fair or delicate skin, the tiny blood vessels underneath can show through as bluish or purplish shadows. This becomes more obvious with fatigue, stress, poor circulation, or hormonal changes.2
4. Inflammation and Allergies
Rubbing itchy eyes or having allergic skin conditions like eczema can lead to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Repeated scratching or irritation causes more pigment production in the area, darkening the skin over time. This is especially common in individuals with sensitive or reactive skin.2
5. Lifestyle and Environmental Factors
While not always the root cause, factors like lack of sleep, chronic stress, dehydration, smoking, alcohol, and sun exposure can worsen existing dark circles. These elements affect skin health, hydration, and blood flowmaking the under-eye area appear dull, dry, or discoloured.2
PROFESSIONAL TREATMENT OPTIONS:
1. Topical Agents: For patients with hyperpigmentation, topical treatments containing ingredients such as hydroquinone, retinoids, and niacinamide can be effective in lightening the skin and improving the appearance of dark circles. These ingredients help inhibit melanin production and promote cell turnover. 3
2. Fillers: For patients with volume loss or tear troughs, injectable dermal fillers containing hyaluronic acid can restore volume, improve under-eye contour, and reduce the shadowing that contributes to the appearance of dark circles. 3
3. Laser therapy: CO2 or non-ablative lasers, can be used to target both pigmentation and skin laxity. These treatments stimulate collagen production and help tighten the skin while addressing any underlying pigment concerns. 3
4. Chemical Peels: Light chemical peels, which use mild acids to exfoliate the skin, can help remove the uppermost layers of skin, promote rejuvenation, and reduce pigmentation under the eyes. 3
NATURAL REMEDIES FOR DARK CIRCLES
• Chamomile
Chamomile is well-known for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. It contains flavonoids and essential oils that help calm inflammation and reduce puffiness when applied to the skin. When chamomile tea bags are cooled and placed over the eyes, the cold temperature helps constrict blood vessels, which reduces swelling and the dark shadowy appearance that often comes with tired eyes. This makes chamomile an excellent remedy for relieving tiredness and soothing irritation around the eyes. 4
• Almond Oil
Almond oil is packed with vitamin E and essential fatty acids, which are beneficial for moisturizing and nourishing the delicate skin around the eyes. It improves microcirculation, helping to reduce puffiness and dark circles. Regular use of almond oil can also reduce pigmentation and improve
skin elasticity, which is especially important as the skin around the eyes is very thin and prone to dryness. It hydrates the skin while making it appear more refreshed and healthy. 5
• Cucumber Slices
Cucumbers are often used in skincare due to their high water content and cooling properties. The vitamin K and antioxidants found in cucumbers help improve blood flow, reduce swelling, and tighten the skin. These effects can reduce the puffiness and tired appearance around the eyes. Cucumbers also contain flavonoids that have antiinflammatory properties, making them a great natural remedy to soothe and refresh tired, swollen eyes. 4
• Tomatoes
Tomatoes are rich in lycopene, a powerful antioxidant that helps lighten the skin and reduce melanin buildup, which is responsible for dark circles. The antioxidants in tomatoes also help protect the skin from oxidative stress and damage. Applying tomato juice to the undereye area can gradually improve pigmentation, making the skin appear brighter and more even-
toned. Its natural skin-lightening effect can be particularly helpful for reducing dark circles caused by hyperpigmentation.
• Potatoes
Potatoes contain an enzyme called catecholase that can help lighten dark circles and reduce skin pigmentation. They also have a natural cooling effect that soothes inflammation and helps to tighten the skin around the eyes. The starches in potatoes can reduce puffiness and provide hydration, leaving the skin feeling refreshed. Simply placing raw potato slices on the eyes can provide relief and make the under-eye area appear firmer and brighter. 7
Aloe vera is widely known for its skin-healing and soothing properties. It is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, which help moisturize and rejuvenate the skin. Aloe vera gel can reduce puffiness and irritation while promoting skin repair. Its hydrating qualities make it perfect for nourishing the sensitive skin under the eyes. Aloe vera also helps lighten dark circles and improve skin elasticity over time, making it an excellent remedy for under-eye care.
• Aloe Vera
• Vitamin K and C and effective way to target puffiness and dark circles. These masks are often infused with ingredients like hyaluronic acid, caffeine, and peptides, which hydrate, reduce inflammation, and tighten the skin. When applied to the under-eye area, the cooling effect of the mask helps to constrict blood vessels, reducing swelling. The active ingredients work together to improve the appearance of dark circles, leaving the skin looking more refreshed and rejuvenated.
Both vitamin K and vitamin C are essential for healthy skin and can help reduce the appearance of dark circles. Vitamin K is known to improve blood circulation, which can help reduce the dark, bluish tint under the eyes caused by poor circulation. Vitamin C, on the other hand, is a powerful antioxidant that helps brighten the skin, stimulate collagen production, and protect against skin damage. Topical products containing these vitamins can enhance skin tone and reduce puffiness, making them effective for dark circles. 8
• Under-Eye Masks
Under-eye masks are a convenient
LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION FOR REDUCING DARK CIRCLES AND PUFFINESS
• Adequate Hydration: Helps maintain skin elasticity and prevents dryness, which can make dark circles more prominent.
• Balanced Nutrition: A diet rich in antioxidants and vitamins (especially A, C, E, and K) supports collagen production, improves circulation, and helps brighten the under-eye area.
• Sufficient Sleep: Promotes cellular repair and reduces vascular congestion, minimizing the appearance of dark circles and puffiness.
• Sun Protection: Prevents UV-induced skin damage, photoaging, and hyperpigmentation that can worsen discoloration under the eyes.
• Stress Management: Lowers cortisol levels, reducing inflammation and fluid retention that contribute to puffiness and dull skin tone.
Together, these lifestyle habits support healthier skin and effectively reduce the appearance of dark circles and under-eye puffiness.
CONCLUSION
Managing dark circles and puffiness requires a multifaceted approach that integrates both lifestyle modifications and targeted treatments. Understanding the underlying causes—whether genetic, aging-related, or due to lifestyle factors—can guide the development of an individualized treatment plan. Encouraging patients to adopt healthy habits such as proper hydration, balanced nutrition, adequate sleep, and sun protection is essential for promoting skin health and preventing the exacerbation of discoloration around the eyes. Additionally, utilizing evidence-based professional treatments, including topical agents, dermal fillers, and laser therapies, can provide significant improvement. By addressing both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, effective management can be achieved, supporting a refreshed and rejuvenated appearance.
REFERENCES
1. Park KY, Kwon HJ, Youn CS, Seo SJ, Kim MN. Treatments of Infra-Orbital Dark Circles by Various Etiologies. Ann Dermatol. 2018; 30(5):522-528. doi:10.5021/ad.2018.30.5.522.
3. Vrcek I, Ozgur O, Nakra T. Infraorbital Dark Circles: A Review of the Pathogenesis, Evaluation and Treatment. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2016; 9(2):65-72. doi:10.4103/0974-2077.184046.
4. Sun K, Mears A, Hailemeskel B. Dark Circles and Puffy Eyes – The Use of Cucumber Slices, Chamomile Tea Bags, Witch Hazel, Arnica, and Students Survey. Pharmacophore. 2024; 15(1):41-7. https://doi.org/10.51847/ kt9W8sPoi3.
5. Blaak J, Staib P. An updated review on efficacy and benefits of sweet almond, evening primrose and jojoba oils in skin care applications. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2022; 44(1):1-9. doi:10.1111/ics.12758.
6. Hellmann H, Goyer A, Navarre DA. Antioxidants in Potatoes: A Functional View on One of the Major Food Crops Worldwide. Molecules. 2021; 26(9):2446. Published 2021 Apr 22. Doi: 10.3390/molecules26092446.
7. Ahmadraji F, Shatalebi MA. Evaluation of the clinical efficacy and safety of an eye counter pad containing caffeine and vitamin K in emulsified Emu oil base. Adv Biomed Res. 2015; 4:10. Published 2015 Jan 6. doi:10.4103/2277-9175.148292.
8. Ohshima H, Mizukoshi K, Oyobikawa M, et al. Effects of vitamin C on dark circles of the lower eyelids: quantitative evaluation using image analysis and echogram. Skin Res Technol. 2009; 15(2):214-217. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0846.2009.00356.x
DANDRUFF & SCALP ITCHING
INTRODUCTION
Flaking and scalp irritation are common concerns seen in clinical practice. Although these issues are typically not serious, they can cause significant discomfort, impact self-esteem, and lead to social embarrassment, especially when symptoms are visible. Dandruff usually appears as white or gray flakes on the scalp, often visible in the hair or on the shoulders. It may
be accompanied by dryness, itching, or mild redness. In more severe cases, the scalp may appear oily with thicker, sticky flakes, which is commonly referred to as a more intense form of scalp irritation. Itching can occur even without visible flakes and may be triggered by several factors such as dry skin, sensitivity to hair care products, an overgrowth of naturally occurring yeast (Malassezia), or other types
of skin irritation or inflammation. These conditions may fluctuate with environmental changes, stress, hormonal shifts, or product use. While neither dandruff nor itchy scalp is contagious or lifethreatening, they often require consistent management and patient education to help control symptoms and improve comfort. 1, 2
WHEN IT TYPICALLY OCCURS
Dandruff typically starts during puberty, triggered by hormonal changes and an increase in oil production. The condition tends to peak around age 20 when sebum production is at its highest. After age 50, dandruff usually becomes less prevalent, likely due to a natural decline in oil production and age-related changes in scalp health. 3
CONTRIBUTING FACTORS
• Oily or Irritated Skin:
Dandruff frequently occurs in individuals with oily skin due to sebaceous gland hyperactivity. This excess oil creates an environment conducive to irritation and inflammation of the scalp. The resulting condition, often referred to as seborrheic dermatitis, is marked by erythema, itching, and the accumulation of oily, yellowish flakes. A key element in the inflammatory response is an abnormal immune reaction to Malassezia, a lipid-dependent yeast that metabolizes sebum, contributing to skin barrier disruption and inflammation. 4
• Malassezia Overgrowth:
Malassezia is a yeast that normally lives on the scalp without causing harm. However, under certain conditions—such as when there is an excess of scalp oil—it can multiply excessively. This yeast breaks down the oils (triglycerides) into by-product like oleic acid. In some individuals, oleic acid can irritate the scalp by penetrating the outer skin layer and disrupting its protective barrier. This irritation leads to increased production and shedding of skin cells, which results in visible dandruff flakes. 4
•
Infrequent Shampooing:
Infrequent cleansing of the scalp allows oil (sebum), dead skin cells, and other debris to build up. This buildup can trigger inflammation, particularly in individuals who are prone to seborrheic conditions. The accumulated debris also creates an environment that encourages the overgrowth of microbes, which further disrupts the normal shedding of skin cells. As a result, skin turnover becomes irregular, leading to noticeable flaking on the scalp. 4
• Hair Product Reactions:
Exposure to certain cosmetic ingredients-such as fragrances, preservatives (e.g., parabens, formaldehyde releasers), or dyescan initiate irritant or allergic contact dermatitis on the scalp. These reactions involve both innate and adaptive immune responses, with inflammatory mediators leading to keratinocyte damage and increased epidermal turnover. This inflammatory response manifests as erythema, pruritus, and scaling, which clinically resembles or overlaps with dandruff. 4
MANAGEMENT
AND PREVENTION OF DANDRUFF AND ITCHY SCALP
The treatment approach centres on reducing fungal overgrowth, soothing inflammation, and removing the build-up of dead skin cells to restore a healthy scalp environment.
1. First-Line Topical Antifungal Treatments
Topical antifungal shampoos are key in treating dandruff and an itchy scalp, especially when
• Dry Skin:
In some cases, dandruff happens because the scalp is too dry instead of too oily. This usually means the skin natural barrier is not working properly and cannot hold in enough moisture. Cold weather or dry air can remove the scalp natural oils. When that happens, the skin loses water and becomes dry. As a result, small white flakes form on the scalp. These flakes are made of old skin cells (called corneocytes) that stick together because the skin is not shedding them normally.4
caused by the overgrowth of Malassezia yeast. Commonly used options include Clotrimazole 1% (effective for mild dandruff), Ketoconazole 2% (recommended for moderate to severe dandruff due to its strong antifungal properties), and Miconazole 2% (an option when clotrimazole or ketoconazole are not accessible or are poorly tolerated). These shampoos work by targeting the Malassezia yeast, damaging its cell membrane, and preventing it from growing and reproducing. This helps control yeast overgrowth, reduces symptoms such as itching, flaking, and inflammation, and restores the natural balance of the scalp, helping to prevent dandruff from returning. 5
2. Adjunctive and Supportive Therapies
While topical antifungal treatments are the primary first-line therapy for managing dandruff and itchy scalp, a range of adjunctive and supportive therapies can also be used to enhance treatment outcomes or address milder cases. These therapies are often found in over-the-counter (OTC) products and are designed to complement antifungal shampoos or serve as standalone treatments for those with less severe symptoms. They work by targeting various aspects of scalp health, from reducing inflammation and controlling oil production to soothing irritation and managing bacterial overgrowth.
• Zinc pyrithione: This ingredient has both antifungal and antibacterial properties, making it effective for daily use. It helps regulate the growth of yeast (like Malassezia) and bacteria, diminishing dandruff and irritation. 6
• Selenium sulfide/disulfide: This helps to reduce yeast growth and slow skin cell turnover, which is essential for managing dandruff. It can also help control the flaking and itching caused by excessive skin shedding. 7
• Salicylic acid: Known for its exfoliating properties, salicylic acid works by softening and detaching dry, flaky skin on the scalp. It helps to gently break down the outer layer of dead skin cells, making it easier to wash off the flakes. It is particularly helpful for mild to moderate dandruff, but it can cause dryness or irritation if used too frequently or for prolonged periods, so caution is advised. 6
• Coal tar: Coal tar is commonly used in medicated shampoos to manage thick, stubborn scalp scaling. It works by slowing down the rapid production of skin cells, which helps reduce flaking and buildup. Coal tar shampoo are especially beneficial for individuals with more severe or persistent dandruff. 6
3. Alternative and Natural Remedies
For individuals seeking nonpharmaceutical options, natural remedies can provide additional relief for dandruff and an itchy scalp. While these should be used as supplementary treatments and not as replacements for antifungal therapies, they can assist in relieving symptoms and enhancing scalp health in certain cases.
• Tea Tree Oil (5%): Tea tree oil is known for its natural antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties, making it effective for reducing dandruff and soothing irritation. It can help to reduce itching and flaking on the scalp, though it should be used with caution as it can cause irritation in sensitive individuals. It is often found in shampoos or can be diluted and applied directly to the scalp. 7
• Benzoyl peroxide: Often used when there is bacterial involvement (like folliculitis), benzoyl peroxide helps reduce scalp inflammation and treat bacterial issues that can contribute to itching and discomfort. 6
• Lithium succinate/gluconate: These ingredients help to control oiliness on the scalp and reduce inflammation, which can be particularly useful for individuals with an oily scalp that may worsen dandruff. 6
• Sodium sulfacetamide: This ingredient has both antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, helping to reduce bacteria and inflammation, which can contribute to an irritated and itchy scalp. 6
• Glycerin-based ......... moisturizers: These help to hydrate and soothe dry, irritated scalps, providing relief from dryness and making the scalp feel more comfortable, particularly in individuals with sensitive skin. 6
• Thyme Extract: It has demonstrated potential in inhibiting fungal growth. It is thought to work by inhibiting the Malassezia yeast responsible for dandruff. Thyme can be used as a gentle, natural alternative to help maintain scalp health, especially in combination with other treatments. 7
• Aloe Vera: Aloe Vera is well-known for its soothing and hydrating qualities. It helps reduce
itching and irritation on the scalp and promotes the healing of damaged or inflamed skin. Aloe vera gel can be applied directly to the scalp, offering relief from discomfort, especially for individuals with sensitive or dry scalps. 7
• Mentha (Peppermint): Peppermint oil provides a soothing, cooling effect on the scalp, offering short-term relief from itching and irritation. It also has mild antimicrobial properties, which can help reduce minor fungal or bacterial issues on the scalp. It is often used in shampoos or diluted oil applications to ease symptoms, though it can cause a mild tingling sensation. 7
While these natural remedies can be helpful, they should be used alongside prescribed antifungal treatments, particularly for moderate to severe dandruff. Advise caution for potential skin sensitivity and recommend a patch test before applying them to the scalp.
PREVENTION OF DANDRUFF RECURRENCE
Preventive measures can reduce the chance of flare-ups and keep the scalp healthy over time:
• Maintain Scalp Hygiene: Encourage patients to wash their scalp regularly (2–3 times per week) with a mild medicated or antifungal shampoo to prevent build-up of oil and skin flakes.
• Avoid Harsh Hair Products: Hair gels, sprays, and dyes with alcohol can dry out the scalp and worsen dandruff. Advise patients to use gentle,
REFERENCES
sulphate-free products when possible.
• Stress Control: Increased stress can aggravate dandruff. Encourage relaxation techniques, exercise, or counselling if needed.
• Healthy Diet: A well-balanced diet rich in zinc, B vitamins, and omega-3 fatty acids supports skin health and reduces inflammation.
• Rotate Shampoos: Using a combination of antifungal and keratolytic shampoos (like salicylic acid or coal tar-based) alternately every few weeks can help prevent resistance and improve outcomes.
CONCLUSION
Dandruff and itchy scalp are frequently encountered concerns that can be effectively controlled with the right approach. Most cases improve with a combination of antifungal shampoos, supportive scalp care, and simple preventive routines. Early recognition and consistent treatment are key to reducing symptoms like flaking, itching, and irritation. If the condition fails to improve or starts to deteriorate, a more comprehensive assessment may be required. With proper care, long-term relief is achievable, helping individuals feel more comfortable and confident in their daily routines.
1. Narshana M and Ravikumar P: An overview of dandruff and novel formulations as a treatment strategy. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2018; 9(2): 417-31.doi: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.9 (2).417-3.
2. Park M, Cho YJ, Lee YW, Jung WH. Understanding the Mechanism of Action of the Anti-Dandruff Agent Zinc Pyrithione against Malassezia restricta. Sci Rep. 2018; 8(1):12086. Published 2018 Aug 14. Doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-30588-2.
3. Borda LJ, Wikramanayake TC. Seborrheic Dermatitis and Dandruff: A Comprehensive Review. J Clin Investig Dermatol. 2015; 3(2):10.13188/2373-1044.1000019. doi:10.13188/2373-1044.1000019.
4. Limbu SL, Purba TS, Harries M, et al. A folliculocentric perspective of dandruff pathogenesis: Could a troublesome condition be caused by changes to a natural secretory mechanism? Bioessays. 2021; 43(10):e2100005. doi:10.1002/bies.202100005
5. DeAngelis YM, Gemmer CM, Kaczvinsky JR, Kenneally DC, Schwartz JR, Dawson TL Jr. Three etiologic facets of dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis: Malassezia fungi, sebaceous lipids, and individual sensitivity. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2005; 10(3):295-297. doi:10.1111/j.1087-0024.2005.10119.x.
6. Ranganathan S, Mukhopadhyay T. Dandruff: the most commercially exploited skin disease. Indian J Dermatol. 2010; 55(2):130-134. doi:10.4103/0019-5154.62734.
7. Godse G, Godse K. Safety, Efficacy and Attributes of 2.5% Selenium Sulfide Shampoo in the Treatment of Dandruff: A SingleCenter Study. Cureus. 2024; 16(3):e57148. Published 2024 Mar 28. doi:10.7759/cureus.57148.
8. Kumari KMU, Yadav NP, Luqman S. Promising Essential Oils/Plant Extracts in the Prevention and Treatment of Dandruff Pathogenesis. Curr Top Med Chem. 2022; 22(13):1104-1133. Doi: 10.2174/1568026622666220531120226.
SOFT LIPS, SIMPLIFIED: THE IMPACT OF HYDRATION AND ADVANCED LIP CARE
INTRODUCTION
Lips are more than just a feature-they are a statement. Uniquely sculpted like fingerprints, our lips speak volumes long before we utter a word. From shaping the sound of our voices to expressing joy, sensuality, and subtle emotion, they play a vital role in how we communicate and connect. As tactile and expressive organs, lips are involved in everything from the delicate art of speech to the intimate
act of a smile. 1
Yet, beyond their functional grace, lips are also the aesthetic jewel of the lower face. Their soft curves and distinct hue set them apart from surrounding skin, making them a focal point of beauty, vitality, and allure. They influence how we perceive health and youth, and how others perceive us in return. What makes lips so delicate—and so in need of care—is their vulnerability.
Unlike other areas of the skin, lips lack sebaceous glands and have a thinner outer layer, making them more prone to dryness and damage. One of the most telling signs of this is Trans-epidermal Water Loss (TEWL)—the invisible evaporation of moisture from the skin. When this barrier is compromised, lips can quickly become dry, cracked, and dull. 1
WHY MOISTURE MATTERS FOR LIP HEALTH?
Hydration and exfoliation are fundamental to maintaining healthy, comfortable, and aesthetically pleasing lips, which are uniquely susceptible to dryness due to their lack of sebaceous glands and thin stratum corneum. Adequate systemic hydration, alongside topical application of humectants such as hyaluronic acid, glycerine, and aloe vera combined with occlusive agents like petrolatum, shea butter, and lanolin, helps maintain moisture balance, prevent transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and support the natural renewal process of the lip skin maintain equilibrium, minimize moisture loss, and enhance the lips natural regeneration process. Dehydration disrupts this renewal, leading to dead skin build-up, rough texture, and reduced suppleness, often measured by an elevated
THE SCIENCE OF LIP CARE: KEY INGREDIENTS THAT DELIVER RESULTS
Modern lip care has become more targeted and science-driven, focusing on ingredients that not only hydrate but also strengthen
Corneocyte Unevenness Ratio (CUR), while severely dry lips may paradoxically show decreased moisture loss as a result of disrupted exfoliation and increased skin thickness. 2
Hydrate well, and you will see, Lips that speak of harmony!
Regular, gentle exfoliation using products formulated with ingredients like salicylic acid and vitamin E removes dead cells, enhances lip texture, and
improves the adherence and finish of lip cosmetics. Complementary treatments enriched with seed oils, butters, and antioxidants such as vitamin C further rejuvenate the lips, revealing softer, more vibrant skin. To maximize benefits, exfoliation should be followed by deeply moisturizing balms or oils containing emollients like lanolin, jojoba oil, squalene, or cocoa butter to lock in hydration. Collectively, these habits help maintain the lips essential harmony of structure and purpose, keeping them soft, luminous, and well-moisturized— reflecting both aesthetic appeal and overall lip health. 2
and repair the delicate skin barrier of the lips. Because lip skin lacks oil glands and has a thinner outer layer than the rest of the face, it is more prone to dryness, irritation, and environmental damage. The right ingredients can work synergistically to protect and restore lip health:
• Ceramides are lipids naturally present in the skin that are essential for restoring and reinforcing the skin protective barrier. In lip care, they are effective
in minimizing water loss, calming irritation, and preserving the lips softness and resilience, particularly under extreme environmental conditions. 3
• Shea and Cocoa Butter are nutrient-rich emollients packed with fatty acids and antioxidants. These plant-based butters offer deep hydration, alleviate irritation, and restore dry, damaged lips. Their dense consistency also creates a shielding layer that defends the lips against external stressors like wind and pollution. 4
• Peptides and CollagenStimulating Compounds are essential for supporting the lips structural framework. They contribute to enhanced elasticity, improved smoothness, and firmer texture over time, promoting a plump and youthful appearance. 5
• Peptides and collagenenhancing compounds are vital for supporting the structural framework of the lips. With regular use, they contribute to increased firmness, flexibility, and refined texture, resulting in a smoother, more youthful appearance. 5
• Sun protection is an essential element of everyday lip care. Because lip skin lacks melanin, it is especially vulnerable to UV damage, which can lead to sunburn, discoloration, and early signs of aging. 3
Care with science, soft and bright, Healthy lips, a radiant sight!
ADVANCED LIP CARE: BEYOND THE BASICS
Lip care has evolved far beyond the basic swipe of lip balm. While traditional balms may provide temporary relief, many contain ingredients such as menthol, camphor, and synthetic fragrances that can actually worsen dryness or create dependency over time. Today, a more sophisticated, science-backed approach to lip care integrates non-invasive, nonpharmacological methods with medical aesthetics to nourish, protect, and restore the lip natural beauty and function. Among these
modern advancements, hyaluronic acid-based lip fillers offer an effective, minimally invasive solution to enhance hydration, volume, and lip definition. 4
A SIMPLE BUT EFFECTIVE LIP CARE ROUTINE
• Weekly Exfoliation is essential to remove dead skin cells that can build up and lead to a dull, rough surface. Using a mild sugar scrub or a specially formulated lip exfoliate helps smooth the lips and allows subsequent products to absorb more effectively. Gentle exfoliation also supports natural lip renewal without causing irritation. 4
• Hydrating Overnight Mask treatments offer intensive care while the body is in repair mode during sleep. Formulated with ingredients like ceramides, botanical oils, and vitamins E and C, these masks deeply replenish moisture and help restore the lip barrier, making them ideal for recovery after sun exposure or in dry climates. 3 Establishing a consistent lip care routine is key to maintaining healthy, supple lips. Just like facial skincare, an effective regimen should include steps that cleanse, treat, hydrate, and protect:
• Daytime Balm with SPF is your lip first defence against environmental stress. A good daily balm should not only provide hydration but also protect from UV rays, pollution, and wind. Choose formulas with SPF 30 or higher and physical sunscreen agents like zinc oxide for sensitive skin. 4
• Nourishing Lip Oil or Rich Balm at Night helps to seal in hydration and repair any damage incurred during the day. Products with emollient-rich ingredients like jojoba oil, lanolin, almond oil, or squalene provide lasting moisture and help prevent trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) while you sleep. 4
Keep lips fresh, soft, and bright, With this simple care done right.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND LIFESTYLE STRESSORS
Environmental aggressors like wind, sun exposure, pollution, and indoor heating/cooling systems can all lead to lip dehydration. Lifestyle habits such as lip licking, smoking, or even breathing through the mouth at night can exacerbate dryness. Mitigating these factors is key:
• Wear a scarf or lip balm in cold weather. 7
• Sleep with a humidifier, especially in dry climates or during winter. 7
THE EMOTIONAL AND AESTHETIC BENEFITS
Lips play a central role in self-expression—from speaking and smiling
REFERENCES
to wearing lipstick and conveying emotion. Dry, chapped lips can make you self-conscious and uncomfortable. On the other hand, soft lips can boost your confidence and help any makeup look more polished. Lip care is more than cosmetic—it is about comfort, confidence, and overall well-being.
CONCLUSION
Achieving soft, healthy lips does not require an elaborate 10-step regimen or costly treatments rather, it depends on consistency, mindfulness, and the use of effective, science-backed ingredients. Maintaining adequate hydration, shielding the lips from environmental aggressors such as UV rays and harsh weather, and incorporating nourishing formulations—rich in humectants, emollients, and barrier-repairing agents—into your daily routine can significantly enhance lip health. In an era where skincare routines are becoming increasingly complex, it is reassuring to know that some aspects, like attaining smooth, supple lips, remain elegantly simple when approached with the right knowledge and care.
1. Draelos ZD, Diaz I, Namkoong J, Wu J, Boyd T. Efficacy Evaluation of a Topical Hyaluronic Acid Serum in Facial Photoaging. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2021; 11(4):1385-1394. Doi: 10.1007/s13555-021-00566-0.
2. Kim J, Yeo H, Kim T, Jeong ET, Lim JM, Park SG. Relationship between lip skin biophysical and biochemical characteristics with corneocyte unevenness ratio as a new parameter to assess the severity of lip scaling. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2021; 43(3):275-282. doi:10.1111/ics.12692.
3. Tamura E, Ishikawa J, Yasuda Y, Yamamoto T. The efficacy of synthetic pseudo-ceramide for dry and rough lips. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2021; 43(2):158-164. doi:10.1111/ics.12677.
4. Dini I, Laneri S. The New Challenge of Green Cosmetics: Natural Food Ingredients for Cosmetic Formulations. Molecules. 2021; 26(13):3921. Published 2021 Jun 26. Doi: 10.3390/molecules26133921.
5. Jadach B, Mielcarek Z, Osmałek T. Use of Collagen in Cosmetic Products. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024; 46(3):2043-2070. Published 2024 Mar 4. Doi: 10.3390/cimb46030132.
6. Walker L, Cetto R. Lip Augmentation Using Hyaluronic Acid Filler and a 4-mm Needle: A Safer, More Natural, and Predictable Approach. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2021; 14(1):E61-E63.
7. Passeron T, Zouboulis CC, Tan J, et al. Adult skin acute stress responses to short-term environmental and internal aggression from exposome factors. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2021; 35(10):1963-1975. doi:10.1111/jdv.17432.
EXPLORING THE EFFECTS OF HAIR COLOURING ON HAIR TEXTURE, STRENGTH, AND OVERALL STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY
INTRODUCTION
Hpractice, offering a vast spectrum of options—from bold, vibrant hues and delicate pastels to natural highlights and effective grey coverage—that allow for personal expression and transformation. Beyond its immediate visual appeal, hair colouring involves intricate chemical processes that fundamentally alter the hair shaft architecture, impacting essential attributes such as texture, tensile strength, and overall structural integrity. Different dye formulations—temporary, semipermanent, demi-permanent, and permanent—interact with the hair keratin matrix and cuticle to varying degrees. Temporary dyes coat the hair surface with minimal penetration, causing negligible changes to texture or strength but providing short-
air colouring has evolved into a globally embraced aesthetic term colour retention. Semipermanent dyes partially infiltrate the cuticle, resulting in mild texture modifications with limited impact on tensile strength. Demipermanent dyes employ low levels of peroxide and alkalizers, inducing moderate chemical alterations that subtly influence elasticity and resilience while delivering longer-lasting colour. In contrast, permanent dyes utilize ammonia and higher peroxide concentrations to open the cuticle and bleach melanin within the cortex, often disrupting the hair internal structure and leading to increased porosity, reduced tensile strength, roughened texture, and heightened breakage risk. A comprehensive understanding of these biochemical and structural effects, coupled with effective damage mitigation strategies, is essential to empower informed decision-making and the implementation of tailored hair
care regimens designed to preserve the health, vitality, and longevity of coloured hair—ensuring that beauty is achieved without compromising hair integrity. 1, 2
THE SCIENCE BEHIND HAIR COLOURING: UNDERSTANDING THE CHEMISTRY
To understand the impact of hair colouring on hair structure, it is essential to first examine the composition of hair. Hair is primarily made of keratin, a fibrous protein, and consists of three layers: the outer cuticle (a protective layer of overlapping cells), the cortex (which contains the natural pigment, moisture, and tensile strength), and the medulla (a central core with minimal structural function, present mainly in thicker strands). Permanent hair dyes alter this structure through the use of ammonia (to lift and open the cuticle), hydrogen peroxide (to lighten the natural pigment), and colourants such as PPD- Paraphenylenediamine — to deposit the desired hue. While effective in achieving lasting colour change, this chemical process can leave the cuticle raised or partially open, reducing the hair smoothness, diminishing moisture retention, and increasing its susceptibility to external damage. 3
HOW HAIR TEXTURE IS ALTERED BY COLOURING
Hair texture encompasses both the look and feel of the hair, reflecting qualities like softness or roughness, natural sheen, and flexibility. These characteristics are significantly shaped by the health and structural state of the outer cuticle layer and the inner cortex of the hair strand.
1. Loss of Smoothness and Shine: When the cuticle is lifted during colouring, it becomes less compact. A rough cuticle surface reflects light unevenly, resulting in reduced shine. The hair may
also feel more brittle or coarse, particularly in fine or previously processed hair. 4
2. Changes in Elasticity: Hair that has undergone chemical processing often loses its ability to stretch and bounce back without breaking. This diminished elasticity is a key indicator of compromised texture. 4
3. Porosity Increases: Porous hair absorbs water and colour more quickly—but also loses them just as fast. High porosity, which often results from repeated colouring or bleaching, makes hair feel dry and spongy, and causes colour to fade prematurely. 4
Thus, while colouring may initially add dimension or vibrancy, it can, over time, reduce the natural suppleness and tactile beauty of the hair if not managed carefully.
THE
STRENGTH FACTOR: HOW COLOURING WEAKENS THE HAIR SHAFT
Hair strength is largely about tensile resilience—its ability to withstand stretching, pulling, and styling without breaking. The cortex plays a vital role here, as it contains long keratin chains and a matrix of hydrogen and disulphide bonds that give hair its internal scaffolding.
1
. Breakage and Split Ends: Chemical treatments can weaken these bonds, making the hair more susceptible to breakage. This is especially common in hair that is bleached before being dyed, as bleaching involves a high concentration of peroxide, which aggressively removes melanin. 5
3
. Increased Friction and Snapping: Damaged hair becomes rougher, and this textural change increases friction between strands. The result of hair is more likely to tangle, fray, and snap during brushing or styling. 5
2. Loss of Natural Lipids: Alongside proteins, the natural lipids in hair help maintain flexibility and resistance. Dyeing strips some of these away, particularly when high temperatures or harsh surfactants are involved post-colouring. 5
Studies have shown that dyed hair— especially when repeatedly exposed to heat or environmental pollutants—exhibits significantly reduced tensile strength compared to untreated hair. This points to the importance of spacing out colour sessions and reinforcing the hair with protein-based treatments.
CUMULATIVE DAMAGE AND STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY OVER TIME
While one colouring session may not lead to obvious damage, repeated dyeing can have a compounding effect. With every treatment, the structural
proteins and cuticular integrity degrade further.
Eventually, this can lead to:
• Permanent Changes in Hair Behaviour: Hair often never quite regains its original texture or strength after undergoing multiple colouring cycles, even if the dyeing process is discontinued. This lasting change is typically the result of cumulative internal structural damage—such as protein breakdown and cuticle disruption— that can be difficult to fully repair with standard hair care treatments.
• Delayed Damage Manifestation: Often, hair may look fine initially, but as it grows out, the older ends—having been subjected to multiple rounds of colouring—become brittle, frayed, or unusually thin.
• Colour Fatigue: When the hair structure is too compromised, it may not even hold colour as well. This leads to patchy results, uneven fading, and the need for more frequent touch-ups, creating a damaging cycle.
PROTECTIVE MEASURES: PRESERVING HAIR HEALTH WHILE COLOURING
The good news is that with awareness and the right strategies, it is entirely possible to colour your hair without dramatically compromising its quality.
Here is how:
1. Pre-Colouring Prep:
• Evaluate the condition of your hair—including porosity, texture, and elasticity—prior to selecting a colour and determining the
appropriate colouring process.
• Incorporate bond-building treatments or protein-rich masks in the day leading up to colouring to help strengthen the hair structure and enhance its resilience during chemical processing.
2. Choose Gentler Options:
• Select ammonia-free or lowperoxide formulations, especially for first-time applications or when performing regular colour maintenance, to minimise potential damage and preserve hair integrity.
• Semi-permanent and demipermanent dyes provide a milder option compared to permanent hair colour, as they fade progressively and do not require harsh chemical treatments, which helps minimise strain on the hair shaft.
3. Spacing Out Colour Treatments:
• Use root touch-up powders or colour-depositing shampoos in between to maintain vibrancy without chemical exposure.
4. Post-Colour Care:
• Choose sulfate-free shampoos and conditioners formulated for color-treated hair to maintain colour vibrancy and prevent additional dryness.
• Incorporate leave-in serums, oils, or masks that restore lipids and seal the cuticle.
• Avoid excessive heat styling, or use thermal protectants to shield the
REFERENCES
hair from further stress.
5. Hydration and Protein Balance:
• Alternate between moisturizing masks and protein treatments to rebuild both the soft and strong elements of hair health.
WHO SHOULD BE EXTRA CAUTIOUS?
Certain hair types and conditions are more vulnerable to damage during colouring:
• Fine Hair: More prone to over-processing due to its thin diameter.
• Previously Chemically Treated Hair: Relaxed, permed, or bleached hair already has a compromised structure.
• Curly and Coily Hair: Naturally more porous and dry, which makes it more susceptible to texture loss and breakage.
In such cases, consultation with a professional is recommended before undergoing any colouring procedure.
CONCLUSION
Hair colouring is a widely embraced cosmetological procedure that offers significant aesthetic and psychological benefits, ranging from subtle tonal shifts to complete chromatic transformations. While the emotional and visual impact of hair colour can enhance self-image and confidence, it is important to approach colouring with an understanding of its effects on hair fibre physiology. From a clinical cosmetic perspective, hair consists of keratinized tissue made up of the cuticle, cortex, and occasionally the medulla layers. Colouring agents—particularly oxidative dyes—can disrupt the cuticle and penetrate the cortex, potentially altering the hair tensile strength, porosity, and overall integrity. Repeated or improperly managed treatments may lead to protein loss, structural weakening, and increased susceptibility to environmental stressors. To preserve hair health, it is crucial to use clinically tested formulations with protective and reparative ingredients, employ evidence-based application protocols, and adhere to a comprehensive post-procedural care regimen. With careful consideration, hair coloring can achieve dramatic visual effects while preserving the hair fiber biological integrity and structural strength.
1. Ortonne JP, Prota G. Hair melanins and hair color: ultrastructural and biochemical aspects. J Invest Dermatol. 1993; 101(1 Suppl):82S-89S. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12362884.
2. George NM, Potlapati A. Hair colouring: what a dermatologist should know? Int J Res Dermatol 2021; 7:496-502.
3. Da França SA, Dario MF, Esteves VB, Baby AR, Velasco MVR. Types of Hair Dye and Their Mechanisms of Action. Cosmetics. 2015; 2(2):110-126. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics2020110.
4. Singh V, Ali M, Upadhyay S. Study of colouring effect of herbal hair formulations on graying hair. Pharmacognosy Res. 2015; 7(3):259-262. doi:10.4103/0974-8490.157976.
5. He L, Michailidou F, Gahlon HL, Zeng W. Hair Dye Ingredients and Potential Health Risks from Exposure to Hair Dyeing. Chem Res Toxicol. 2022; 35(6):901-915. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00427.
ENHANCING SKIN TEXTURE: CUTTING-EDGE AESTHETIC MODALITIES FOR STRETCH MARK REDUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Stretch marks, also known as striae, are a common cosmetic skin concern that appear as streaks or lines on the surface of the skin. They typically develop when the skin stretches or shrinks rapidly, causing the underlying collagen and elastin fibers—proteins responsible for the skin strength and elasticity— to tear. As the skin repairs itself, these breaks result in thin, slightly indented scars known as stretch marks. 1
Stretch marks often begin as red, purple, or bluish lines and gradually fade to a lighter, silverywhite shade over time. While they are not harmful or dangerous to one health, they can be a source of selfconsciousness for many individuals. These marks commonly appear on areas prone to stretching, such as the abdomen, thighs, hips, breasts, arms, lower back, and buttocks. Though both men and women can develop stretch marks, they are more frequently seen in women, especially during pregnancy. Other common causes include rapid
weight gain or loss, puberty-related growth spurts, intense muscle building, and certain medical or hormonal conditions. Genetics also play a role—if stretch marks are common in your family, your chances of developing them may be higher. The symptoms of stretch marks vary slightly depending on their age and severity. Fresh stretch marks tend to appear red or purple due to the visibility of underlying blood vessels, while older ones may fade to white or silver as blood flow
decreases and the skin regenerative abilities slow. Common features include skin discoloration, slightly sunken lines, a glossy or streaked surface, mild irritation, and occasional itchiness. 1, 2
Although stretch marks cannot be entirely erased, there are several cosmetic and skincare treatments available that can help minimize their appearance, improve skin texture, and restore confidence in your skin look and feel.
TREATMENT OPTIONS
Topical
Topical Treatment are commonly used for newer stretch marks, especially those that are red or purple.
• Work by:
➢ Increasing collagen production.1
➢ Moisturizing the skin.1
➢ Promoting skin cell regeneration to help fade marks over time.1
• Key ingredients include:
➢ Retinoids (avoid during pregnancy).1
➢ Hyaluronic acid for hydration and skin elasticity.1
➢ Peptides and collagen boosters to support skin repair.1
Laser Therapy
Laser therapy is a more advanced treatment that can be effective for both new and old stretch marks. This approach uses concentrated light energy to stimulate collagen production and improve the texture and color of the skin. Pulsed dye lasers are often used to treat red or purple marks, while fractional CO₂ lasers target older, white stretch marks. Patients usually require multiple sessions to see noticeable
results. Laser treatment can lighten the color of stretch marks, smooth out the skin surface, and improve overall appearance.2
Microdermabrasion
Microdermabrasion is a gentle, non-invasive procedure that exfoliates the skin by removing its outermost layer, which encourages new skin growth. This treatment is particularly useful for newer stretch marks and helps improve skin texture gradually. It is a painless procedure with minimal downtime, making it appealing for patients looking for a subtle improvement without more aggressive treatments. However, multiple sessions are usually needed to achieve noticeable results. Microdermabrasion can also be combined with topical treatments to enhance effectiveness. Although it does not completely remove stretch marks, it helps reduce their depth and makes the skin look smoother.3
Microneedling and Radiofrequency
Microneedling, often combined
with radiofrequency, is an advanced treatment that helps improve skin texture and reduce the visibility of stretch marks. This combination therapy is highly effective for older marks. Microneedling uses fine needles to create tiny punctures in the skin, stimulating the body natural healing process and encouraging collagen production. When combined with radiofrequency, which uses heat to tighten the skin, the results are enhanced, as both treatments work together to regenerate skin and reduce stretch marks. Microneedling with radiofrequency improves skin elasticity, tightens the skin, and encourages the growth of new collagen fibers. The results are smoother, firmer skin with less visible stretch marks. Multiple sessions are typically required, and results can vary depending on skin type and the severity of the stretch marks.4
Chemical Peels
Chemical peels are another treatment option that helps fade stretch marks by applying a chemical solution to exfoliate the outer layer of skin and stimulate new cell growth. This process encourages collagen production and can improve both the texture and tone of the skin. Chemical peels range in strength from superficial to deeper peels, including options like salicylic acid and retinol peels. Superficial peels such as salicylic acid are suitable for mild stretch
marks and have minimal downtime, while deeper retinol peels may provide better results but require longer recovery periods. This treatment is generally more effective for newer stretch marks but can offer some improvement in older marks as well. It is important to tailor the peel type to the patient skin sensitivity and stretch mark severity, and to monitor for potential side effects like pigmentation changes.5
HOME REMEDIES AND PREVENTION FOR STRETCH MARKS
• Natural oils like olive oil, coconut, castor oil, and shea butter improve skin elasticity and help fade stretch marks by moisturizing and promoting skin repair. 6
• Massaging with oils such as rosehip, almond, or argan increases blood flow and collagen production, aiding skin healing.
• A diet rich in vitamins A, C, E, zinc, and omega-3 fatty acids, along with proper hydration, supports skin health and prevents stretch marks. 6
• Maintaining a stable weight through balanced diet and exercise helps reduce the risk of stretch marks.
• Follow a skincare routine that includes regular moisturizing and exfoliation to keep skin supple and resilient.
REFERENCES
• Use products like cocoa butter, collagen boosters to maintain skin elasticity.6
• Natural ingredients like sandalwood, turmeric enhance skin elasticity and reduce the appearance of stretch marks.
CONCLUSION
Stretch marks occur when the skin stretches beyond its natural limits, damaging the underlying structure. Strengthening the skin through proper hydration, nutrition, and skincare can help prevent their formation. Early intervention significantly improves treatment outcomes, but consistent care remains beneficial for older marks as well. Successfully managing stretch marks requires patience and a holistic approach focused on overall skin health.
1. Oakley AM, Patel BC. Stretch Marks. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; August 7, 2023.
3. Spencer JM. Microdermabrasion. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2005;6(2):89-92. doi:10.2165/00128071-20050602000003.
4. Afify AA, Fawzy HM, Ali Al-Rubaiay NH, Abdallah M. Fractional microneedling radiofrequency in striae alba: Do growth factors add value?. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2020;19(10):2583-2590. doi:10.1111/jocd.13447.
5. Karia UK, Padhiar BB, Shah BJ. Evaluation of Various Therapeutic Measures in Striae Rubra. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2016;9(2):101-105. doi:10.4103/0974-2077.184056.
6. Wehner M, Korgavkar K, Chren MM, et al. Interventions for established stretch marks. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017; 2017(9):CD010926. Published 2017 Sep 29. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010926.pub2.
MUMBAI 2025
MUMBAI 2025
MUMBAI 2025
1 Day Conference, Hands on Workshop and Exhibition
1 Day Conference, Hands on Workshop and Exhibition
CON, a 1 Day Conference, Hands on Workshop and Exhibition focused on practical learning experiences in Aesthetic Dermatology.
AESTHETICCON, a 1 Day Conference, Hands on Workshop and Exhibition focused on practical learning experiences in Aesthetic Dermatology.
Brought to you by “The Aestheticians Journal” serving you since 2010 with 12 years in print and digital publications and over a 100 educational workshops and conferences.
Brought to you by “The Aestheticians Journal” serving you since 2010 with 12 years in print and digital publications and over a 100 educational workshops and conferences.
AESTHETICCON Mumbai 2025 is just the event for you with practical insights shared Conference, tips while training in the Hands on workshop and interaction with product manufacturers.
AESTHETICCON Mumbai 2025 is just the event for you with practical insights shared Conference, tips while training in the Hands on workshop and interaction with product manufacturers.
Spend the day catching up and meeting with your fellow Dermatologists colleagues.
Spend the day catching up and meeting with your fellow Dermatologists colleagues.
