Denville Teen Curates Township-Based Historical Research Project
By Megan Roche
Grace Ort, a recent graduate of Morris Knolls High School, has always had an interest in history, but never knew it could take her places.
“History has kind of been something that I’ve always loved. When I was a kid, every single game that I made up with my friends or that I played by myself, always had to do with history. I was obsessed with the past and I’m not really quite sure why. I just always wanted to crawl into the past of any era. But, I didn’t realize that it was something that I was really passionate about until someone pointed it out to me in high school,” Ort said.
As a junior in high school, Ort was procrastinating on a homework assignment and had begun scrolling through photos of the former Saint Francis Health Resort that was located in the township. She had found an article written by the Denville Historical Society about Saint Francis and immediately contacted them about how to get involved in historical preservation. The group accepted her as a volunteer immediately.
When Ort joined the Denville Township Historical Society, she stumbled upon a dusty box of diaries. Upon opening the box, she discovered the life story of Kate Ayres.
“There were 23 diaries from the late 19th century just sitting in there. It looked
like nobody had opened the box in awhile,” Ort said.
After reading through Ayers diaries, Ort knew she needed to make an exhibit in the Denville Township Museum.
“Just reading her words and knowing she was an actual living person who has kind of been forgotten…that really propelled me forward on this project,” Ort said.
From the roles that the faith communities played in the township to growing up on the Ayres farm, Ort found herself immersed in Kate’s life story. It took Ort over nine months to read the diaries and another few months writing up her findings before the project was complete in February 2025.
Located in the Denville Musuem on Diamond Spring Road, Ort established a glass case with various artifacts from Ayres time growing up in the township. There is also one of her diaries on display. In addition to the artifacts in the museum, Ort also built a website (sites.google.com/ view/kate-ayres-dhs) that features an expansive explanation of her findings.
After graduating from Morris Knolls this past June, Ort is now studying history at Yale University.
“This project definitely focused me interest in history. Before this, I didn’t know what specific area of history that I found interesting. Now that I’ve read these diaries, I’ve really found myself being continually fascinated by
American history, especially in the late 1800s. There was so much change that happened and I just want to continue exploring that,” Ort said.
For decades, a dusty box of handwritten diaries has lay untouched inside the Denville Museum. Their author, Kate Ayres, was a resident of Denville for nearly 40 years, and her detailed handwritten records constitute a hidden history of Denville. The resulting story is fascinating, frustrating, and even heartbreaking at times, providing a raw look into the life, thoughts, and prejudices of an unmarried white woman in rural New Jersey at the turn of the 19th century.
Kate was born on April 28th, 1849, as Harriet Katherine Ayres, going by the shortened version of her middle name for the rest of her life. Her father, Joseph J. Ayres, was the eldest son of Daniel
The Denville Museum is open on the second Saturday of each month from 10 AM to 2 PM. For more information, visit www.denvillemuseum.org.
Ayres, the patriarch of the family who founded the historic Ayres-Knuth Farm in 1803. Her mother, Phebe Losey Ayres, was the daughter of another prominent Union Hill family. Kate was the youngest of seven children, with her eldest sibling being 17 years her senior, but she seems to have lost contact with many of her siblings in her older years.
Little is known about Kate’s early life. While her family did not live directly on the historic Ayres-Knuth Farm, they likely would have enjoyed being connected to such a prosperous enterprise. Kate’s father, Joseph Ayres, did not participate in the farm’s operations and was instead employed as a shoemaker. Around 1855, Kate continued on page 8
Grace stands by her exhibit in the Denville Township Museum
Local dentist & implant expert, Dr. Ira Goldberg, will be holding a free public seminar on Saturday, September 20th regarding dental implants. Although it is free, registration is required. Details regarding registration can be found at the end of this article.
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Dr. Goldberg is a leading expert on dental implants. He is a Diplomate of the American Board of Oral
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General & Cosmetic Dentistry
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single teeth, multiple teeth such as bridges or dentures, and even full arch tooth replacement such as hybrids or All-On-Four. The amount of information available on the internet can be overwhelming: it provides both education and confusion.
Dr. Goldberg treats entire families, from toddlers to seniors. Services include cleanings, check-ups, fillings, Invisalign, dentures, cosmetics, and more! He and his staff enjoy the long-term relationships they build with their patients.
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Coupon must be presented, & mentioned at time of scheduling Expires 2/28/22
Dr. Goldberg is the owner of Morris County Dental Associates, a well-established dental practice located at the Roxbury Mall in Succasunna, NJ above the Bank Of America. He has been practicing dentistry for 30 years, and has been placing & restoring dental implants for just as long. He is considered an expert in the field of den-
Dr.
tal implants, proven by his Diplomate status within the American Board of Oral Implantology and advanced degrees within other implant organizations. “Dental implants have always been an interest of mine. I sought out education early in my career and quickly turned into both a provider of the services to the public, and an educator to dentists who also share the interest.”
Dr. Goldberg intends to provide information regarding many implant topics: what implants are, what you can do with them, who is / is not a good candidate for implants, the treatment process, maintenance, expectations, complications, financials & financing, and more. One area he will spend time on is full-arch implants: this is a very com-
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“We provide free consultations within our practice, but some people are just not at the point they are ready to move forward with their dental care. I have found seminars provide an anonymous way for people to start getting their thoughts together regarding what they know they will eventually need.”
As mentioned above, registration is required. The seminar will held at the Courtyard by Marriott located at 15 Howard Blvd in Mt. Arlington. It will start promptly at 9:30am with will last between 1 and 1.5 hours. To register for the seminar, please go to MorrisCountyDentist.com/ seminar or email patient-
care.mcda@gmail.com with your first name, last name, and telephone number. ...About Dr. Goldberg / Disclaimers: Dr. Ira Goldberg has been performing implant procedures for 30 years. He is a General Dentist. He is a Diplomate of the American Board of Oral Implantology / Implant Dentistry, a Diplomate of the International Congress of Oral Implantologists,
and a Fellow of the American Academy of Implant Dentistry. He performs all phases of implant dentistry at his office in Succasunna, NJ. He lectures to dentists in the field of implantology. He is also a Fellow of the Academy of General Dentistry. For more information, please visit his website at www.MorrisCountyDentist.com
Ira Goldberg, DDS, FAGD, DICOI
Dr. Goldberg is a general dentist with credentials in multiple organizations. Please visit his website for a complete listing. Dental implants are not a recognized
Ira Goldberg, DDS, FAGD, DICOI
By Megan Roche
IA Warriors Story: The Life and Legacy of Jamie Smith
n A Warrior’s Story, you’ll meet and learn about all the sides of Jamie Smith. Smith was a West Morris Central (WMC) High School graduate who paid the ultimate sacrifice while serving as a US Army Ranger during the Battle of Mogadishu in 1993. You’ll hear from Jamie’s former teachers, his Army Ranger battle buddies,
and how his legacy still lives on to this day in the halls of WMC. This series will be an on-going feature in the months ahead.
While Jamie has been gone for over two decades, his Long Valley legacy has remained. It was only in 2019 that the state of New Jersey put together legislation to remember him.
In 2019, Gov. Phil Murphy
signed a law that designates every October 3 as Corporal Jamie Smith Day.
“Sergeant Pilla and Corporal Smith served our country courageously and selflessly, protecting the people of our nation,” said Governor Murphy in a 2019 interview. “It is my honor to sign this legislation and recognize the incredible service and sacrifice of these
two heroic individuals.”
Locally in Long Valley, the road leading to the Long Valley Raiders football field at Rock Spring Park is named Cpl. Jamie Smith Drive. Smith’s name also lives on at Picatinny Arsenal, where there is a building named in his honor.
Denville Office 16 Pocono Road Suite 102
Denville, NJ 07834
973-453-7100 Fax: 973-627-0836
973-770-7101 Fax: 973-770-7108
For Smith’s former teacher Dennis O’Connell, he hopes Jamie’s legacy lives on forever.
“I remember Jamie as a caring selfless young man who loved his Country, loved being of service to others, a team player with a fantastic sense of humor. I hope that people can learn from Jamie’s legacy that he represented the very best character traits in what it means to be an American…. to care for others, to ‘step up’ when others can’t. He was in Somalia originally on a humanitarian mission to stop the warlords from stealing food and starving their own population. Jamie
demonstrated the best values of what it meant to be an American regardless of your faith, your race or your politics….Jamie’s legacy to me…be kind, be caring, step up to help those who can’t help themselves…that was the America that he believed in and died for,” O’Connell said.
Jamie’s story of bravery is told in the 2025 Netflix docuseries, Surviving Black Hawk Down. In the show, you’ll meet some of Jamie’s Army Ranger pals, hear from the doctor who tried to save his life, and more. For more information on the series, visit Netflix.com.
The street sign that memorializes Jamie at Rock Spring Park.
By Henry M. Holden
IBlack Tom – A Formula for Disaster
t was 2a.m. on Sunday, July 30, 1916, on the New Jersey waterfront. The dockworkers were choking with high humidity. The temperature was predicted to go to 85 degrees. It was already 77 degrees with a threat of rain later in the morning.
After midnight, a series of small fires were discovered on the pier. Some guards fled, fearing an explosion. Others attempted to fight the fires and eventually called the Jersey City Fire Department.
Suddenly at 2:08 am there was an explosion. What took place was a colossal earsplitting ground shaking glass, breaking explosion.
The second and larger explosion occurred around 2:40 am. A notable location for second explosion was around the Johnson Barge No. 17, The explosion created a detonation wave that traveled at 24,000 feet per second with enough force to lift firefighters out of their boots and into the air.
Large chunks of debris from the explosion traveled long distances: some lodged in the Statute of Liberty, and other fragments lodged in the clock tower of The Jersey City Journal Building, in Journal Square, more than one mile away, stopping the clock at 2:12 am. The explosion was the equivalent of an earthquake measuring between 5.0 and 5.5 on the Richter scale and was felt as far away as Philadelphia. Windows were broken as far as 25 miles away, including thousands in Lower Manhattan. Some window panes in Times Square were shattered. The stained glass windows in St Patrick’s Cathedral were destroyed. The outer wall of Jersey City Hall was cracked and the Brooklyn Bridge was
shaken. People as far away as Maryland were awakened by what they thought was an earthquake.
Property damage from the attack was estimated at $20,000,000 (equivalent to about $578,000,000 in 2024). On the island, the explosion destroyed more than one hundred railroad cars, thirteen warehouses, and left a 375-by-175foot crater at the source of the explosion
Black Tom was used to store small arms and artillery ammunition were stored at the depot in freight cars and on barges, including several tons of TNT on Johnson Barge No. 17. All were waiting to be shipped to Russia.
The blast occurred on Black Tom island a misnomer for a mile-long pier on a land fill forming a peninsula that at one-time jutted out from Jersey City into the Hudson River opposite Manhattan.
The New York Times said, “At least one-million people, maybe five million, heard and were shaken by the explosion that shook New Jersey from the shore to the skyscrapers on the rock foundations of Manhattan. It tossed people out of their beds, miles away, while thousands of broken windows posed another threat close to home.”
United States had remained neutral to the war going on in Europe. The government was aware of spies and did their best to ferret them out and bring them to justice, but in those days, the German spies were smart and few were ever caught.
As smoke began to fill the air, Captain Alfred T. Clifton, of the U.S. Army Signal Corps ordered the alarm sounded, and soon women and children were evacuated to the local parade ground, near the base of the Statue of Liberty.
As the civilians made their way to the designated safety zone, another explosion sounded, one even larger and far more devastating. This explosion came from a warehouse where an arsenal of military weapons, explosives, and other material were stored.
The force of this explosion sent shrapnel from the shells, bullets and debris, along with glass and wood from the building, plummeting down on the island, causing significant damage to the island and its structures. The shockwave from this blast was so intense, the force pushed the torch-bearing arm of the Statue of Liberty against the crown, damaging its internal framework.
When the smoke cleared later that morning, investigators and emergency personnel found all the island’s 17 buildings were seriously damaged. Glass and other debris covered the streets. Several people including women and children continued on page 5
Black Tom...
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suffered serious trauma, and tragically, six adults and a 19-weekold baby lost their lives.
This left the U.S. government with a seemingly colossal task at the time—identify who was responsible, and how it could have happened in a relatively small, quiet community.
One of the largest obstacles was the lack of resources and structure to handle this kind of event. There were no organizations in place to investigate what appeared to be a terrorist attack on U.S. civilians.
While World War I was raging in Europe, at the time of the attack the United States was officially neutral in the conflict. As such, there were few national security laws and protocol in place to handle this type of event, and the ones that existed were vague. There was nothing like the international intelligence agencies that operate today who would have normally been equipped to investigate what looked like crime.
The Bureau of Investigation, which later became the FBI, initially led the investigation trying to back-track into the events at Black Tom. But, partially due to its lack of resources, negligeable experience, and small size at the time (only around 260 members with a few scattered offices). Progress was at a snail’s pace, painfully slow. But people wanted to know who was responsible and punish the culprits.
There was speculation among locals and authorities that the Black Tom explosion had been simply a tragic accident. Just five years earlier, in 1911, a discarded cigarette had caused a similar explosion in Jersey City Harbor when it landed in a container of explosives being unloaded by dockworkers. Due to the mysterious nature of the Black Tom
incident, to many observers it seemed to be the likely cause.
This attack was one of many during the German sabotage campaign against the neutral United States, and it contributed to the shift of public opinion against Germany, which eventually resulted in American President Woodrow Wilson’s declaration of war against Germany.
The Russian government sued the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company operating the Black Tom terminal on grounds that lax security (there was no entrance gate; and the territory was unlit) permitted the loss of their ammunition. It was argued that due to the failure to deliver them the manufacturer was obliged by the contract to replace them.
After the war, the Lehigh Valley Railroad, sought damages against Germany by the Treaty of Berlin from the German American Mixed Claims Commission. The Mixed Claims Commission declared in 1939 that Imperial Germany had been responsible and awarded $50 million (the largest claim) in damages, which Nazi Germany refused to pay. The issue was finally settled in 1953 for $95 million (interest included) with the Federal Republic of Germany. The final payment was made in 1979.
The Statue of Liberty’s torch was closed to the public after the explosion, due to structural damage. Access was not opened even after the 1984-1986 restoration which included repairs to the arm and installation of a new goldplated copper torch.
German spies like Kurt Jahnke, worked as an intelligence advisor to Walter Schellenberg, a German functionary during the Nazi era. Schellenberg and his wife were captured by Soviet agents in April 1945 .
After World War II, Jahnke a naturalize American citizen set up the “Jahnke Büro”, an intelligence organization although it was eventually dissolved by April 1945. Jahnke was arrested by the Soviet Union in 1950. Kurt Jahnke was put on trial as a spy, found guilty, and executed the same day. Lother Witzke was arrested at the Mexican border on February 1, 1918, near Nogales, Arizona. Officials did not prosecute for the bombing but prosecuted him as a spy. A military court at Fort Sam Houston found him guilty of espionage and sentenced him to death by hanging. While in custody, he tried to escape twice, once succeeding, but he was recaptured the same day. On November 2, 1918, Witzke’s death sentence was approved by the Department Commander. However, he was not executed because of the November Armistice. In May 1920, President Woodrow Wilson commuted Witzke’s sentence to life in prison. In September 1923, Witzke, because of heroic conduct in prison and pressure for his release by the Weimar Republic, was pardoned by President Calvin Cooledge and deported to Germany. Upon his arrival, Witzke was awarded the Iron Cross First and Second Class, by the Reichswehr. Witzke later joined the Abwehr, and after World War II, lived in Hamburg. He was a monarchist who represented the German in the Hamburg Parliament from 1949 to 1952. Witzke died in 1961.
Landfill projects eventually incorporated Black Tom into Liberty State Park. Nothing remains of the munition’s depot with the Black Tom peninsula and all traces of physical damage are gone. A plaque marks the site where an explosion rocked the nation.’
Want to attend High Holy Day Services?
We have a seat for you!
Rosh Hashanah begins Monday night September 22nd! In person and zoom options are available. Singles, couples and families of all kinds are welcome! Visit www.MAKOMnj.org
Come join us to Celebrate the Feast Day of St. Therese of the Child Jesus with the People’s Bishop (Kevin Sweeney) at 2:00 p.m. on Sunday, September 21st at St. Catherine of Siena Church, 10 North Pocono Road, Mountain Lakes, New Jersey. We will feature bagpipers, Knights of Columbus, a New York City Broadway singer, organist, and afterwards a reception and refreshments in the parish gym. This will NOT BE A MASS. A true celebration with special performances. We suggest you arrive early. You will remember this event as being spectacular!! Reservations NOT REQUIRED. If you have any questions, please call Carol Bsarany 973-2719252.
Denville Teen...
began to attend the first Union School, where she studied under the instruction of John O. Hill (her uncle), Edwin Tuttle, and several other young teachers. Staffing was a consistent issue at the Union Schoolhouse, and teachers generally cycled from year to year. The first Union School was destroyed by an arsonist in 1860 when Kate was 11 years old. The second Union School was constructed the following year and still stands today on Openaki Trail. Presbyterian services were also held in the Union Schools until the dedication of the Union Chapel in 1899. Kate began writing her first diary in 1877. Approaching her 28th birthday at the time, she was a full-time teacher at the second Union School, where she herself had once been a pupil. Governed by a set of strict rules for female teachers, Kate was unmarried, living in a farmhouse with her two elderly parents. Teaching was a great joy in her life, and she described being showered with gifts by her students. Kate would pursue her career as a teacher for nearly four decades, teaching in a variety of schools in the Denville, Dover, and Rockaway areas. Most of her salary went to supporting her parents. When she wasn’t teaching, her days revolved around household chores, walking upwards of three miles to visit local stores, and enjoying visits from her friends.
at length beginning in January of 1877. This loss plunged her into a period of depression, and her entries in 1877 slowly grew sparse following her mother’s death. As a pillar of the early Union Hill community, the death of Phebe Ayres was grieved widely by Kate’s friends and neighbors, who came together to support Kate and her father in the subsequent months. Kate’s mother was buried in the Hill Family Cemetery on Franklin Road. Joseph Ayres, Kate’s father, died in 1882 and was buried next to his wife.
There are no known diaries of Kate’s that exist from 1878-1881, but she began to write again in 1882. In her second diary, she described participating in the historic Chautauqua Movement, a religious revival in upstate New York. Kate camped on the grounds of the Chautauqua Institution with a group of friends. Within these entries is a fascinating example of race relations at the time. Upon meeting a member of the Fisk Jubilee Singers, a trailblazing black gospel group, Kate wrote: “I hear Patty Malone–one of the Fisk Jubilee Singers–talking over her breakfast in the cottage next door. She is the first pretty colored girl I ever saw.” While not as explicitly racist as other post-Reconstruction encounters, Kate’s words capture the typical prejudice against people of color that white Northerners held in the decades following the Civil War.
oped a friendship with Mary Rork, who would remain by her side throughout Kate’s life as a pillar of support and care.
When Kate began keeping a diary again in 1911, she had just retired from teaching. For several years, Kate lived in a farmhouse with Phebe Ayres and Hope Sayre, her two nieces, as well as Mary Rork. Post-retirement life was quiet, and Kate spent her days completing housework, visiting friends, and reading novels by popular Progressive Era authors such as Harold Bell Wright and Lucy Montgomery. She made frequent outings to local hubs, often traveling to Morristown and Dover to enjoy lectures given by Progressive intellectuals. Like many other Americans, Kate was interested in the new ideas being spread by these individuals, including a growing anti-corruption and pro-equality sentiment among the middle class.
ers” in her diaries. Terse, traditional, and doggedly hardworking, Kate dedicated a significant amount of time to WCTU activity.
The 1910s saw a sweeping array of technological changes within and around Union Hill, the community to which Kate had belonged since childhood. Automobiles increased in availability during this decade, and Kate took her first car ride in 1911. Telephone lines were also soon installed in the area, allowing Kate to make her first phone call in 1913. Near the end of the decade, Kate remarked often on the presence of “aeroplanes” flying above Denville, signaling that America had truly entered the modern age.
Perhaps the greatest heartbreak of her young life was the death of Kate’s mother, Phebe. Phebe Ayres died on April 28th, 1877, after a long battle with cancer, which Kate described
From 1882 to 1911, Kate did not keep a diary, and few concrete details about her life at the time are known. She never got married, instead remaining a spinster and teaching school to keep herself financially afloat. She also devel-
Additionally, Kate was a loyal member of the Union Chapel and the Denville chapter of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union, a national organization of women dedicated to the cause of prohibition. The WCTU held regular meetings, often at Kate’s house, where they discussed temperance issues and completed charity work. The group also petitioned for reform on the local and state levels. The work of the WCTU, which was geared toward the eventual passage of the Prohibition amendment, illustrates the increasing civic influence that American women leveraged in the early 20th century. Kate was a fervent supporter of Prohibition, and she frequently made note of suspected “drink-
Denville Township, which included Union Hill and portions of Rockaway, was founded in 1913. That year, Kate recorded one instance where petitioners for Denville’s incorporation came to her doorstep in search of signatures, but it is unclear if she was one of the original signers. The civic involvement of early Denville residents is noteworthy, providing a clear example of the greater political mobilization happening in America at the time.
In terms of historical events, Kate witnessed incredible turbulence during the 1910s. In 1912, she wrote about the sinking of the RMS Titanic, a tragedy which frightened her and the rest of the Denville community. Church services were held in honor of the victims, and Kate noted several newspaper articles on the subject in her 1912 diary. In 1914, at the start of World War I in Europe, Kate recorded the details of
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Kidz World Pediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics
Denville Teen...
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several events that led to America’s eventual involvement in the war, including the Lusitania’s sinking and the Tampico Affair. When America finally entered the war in 1917, Kate was active in support on the homefront, sewing bandages for US soldiers. As the war subsided, she also described the rise of the Spanish Influenza, a deadly global pandemic that killed thousands of people from 1918-1920. Eerily similar to the Covid-19 pandemic that struck the world just a few years ago, the Spanish Influenza forced the closure of churches, schools, and other public areas throughout America. Kate wrote about the closure of the Union Chapel and Union School in her 1918 diary, and almost every entry she wrote contained details about new families in Denville coming down with the virus. The death toll was high, information about the virus was scarce, and Kate had no choice but to isolate her household from the rest of the community.
On a personal level, the 1920s were tinged with both happiness and loss for Kate. Being well into her sixties, Kate saw many of her friends and family age, grow ill, and die. Funerals were a common occurrence in her life, and she meticulously recorded the deaths of local figures in the Memoranda of her diaries. Mary Lyon, Kate’s longtime friend and neighbor, died in 1916. Wes, also a neighbor and frequent visitor at Kate’s house, died the same year in a house fire. In 1917, Kate’s entries highlighted the brief but tragic life of Leola Ayres, her
10-year-old relative who had a leg amputated and died months later from illness. In 1919, which she described as one of “the most difficult” years in her life, Kate sold her house in Denville and began preparations to move to Lafayette, New Jersey. She lived there for the next nine years, accompanied by Mary Rork.
Kate had her fair share of fun during the Roaring 20s, a decade that saw loosening social restrictions for women. The 19th amendment, passed in 1920, finally granted American women the right to vote (it is important to note here that a lack of civil rights protection meant that, often, only white women were able to exercise this right). Kate cast her first presidential ballot in the Election of 1920. Her choice of candidate is unknown, but she did record choosing mostly Republican and “prohibitionist” politicians for lower political offices. Even with the right to vote and rising hemlines, women in the 1920s were still heavily disadvantaged, especially if they were unmarried. Before moving to Lafayette, Kate described her frustration with a potential landlord who “will rent no house to a woman–without a man.”
Hints of Kate’s prejudice–as well as the historically racist attitudes of America in general–are sprinkled throughout her diaries, but these morsels never surfaced so explicitly as they did in her diary from 1924. That year, along with thousands of other Americans, Kate joined her local chapter of the Ku Klux Klan. The KKK, as it is more commonly known, was founded during
Reconstruction as a white supremacist organization that terrorized newly freed African Americans. Its popularity surged in the 1920s amid growing nativism and racial tension across the nation. Along with hundreds of other Northern New Jerseyans, Kate attended KKK rallies throughout 1924, 1925, and briefly in 1926. It was never mentioned after that point. Years earlier, she had also consumed literature like The Clansman and recorded seeing the film The Birth of a Nation, which is often credited with reviving the KKK’s membership. The KKK was not just a southern issue; chapters existed in nearly every American state.
Kate and Mary Rork moved again in 1928, this time to the small village of Millbrook, New Jersey. Kate enjoyed her quiet last few years here. In her last diaries, the close relationship between Kate and Mary became more and more apparent. Mary was a dedicated caretaker, taking on the burden of most of the housework, laundry, and cooking as Kate grew weak. The pair had a close emotional bond, and Kate reveals that they wrote in matching diaries and referred to each other, fondly, as “Miss Rork” and “Miss Ayres.” Because it was so unusual for women to remain unmarried in the early 1900s, and because of the pair’s decades-long attachment to one another, it is possible that they may have had a romantic relationship.
Leading up to her death in 1934, three years after Kate stopped writing in her journals, her entries described a simple existence spent
sewing, reading, and occasionally visiting her neighbors. These last entries also made specific references to local effects of the Great Depression, which struck the nation in 1929. Beggars appeared at Kate’s door and a “junk man” dug for scraps in her dumpster.
Scattered throughout Kate’s diaries are references to gubernatorial and presidential elections, natural disasters, and local news stories that she found interesting, including the Cat Swamp murder trial. Her diaries display a fascinating perspective that often goes unheard in history–that of a woman whose long life stretched from Antebellum America to the Great Depression.
History is not perfect, and neither was Kate. How do we look at these diaries? Moreover, how do we view this woman who so painstakingly recorded her daily life? Kate was deeply involved in the Denville community: a beloved teacher, a hardworking volunteer, and a valued friend. She was also flawed: a nativist, a brief member of the KKK, and stubbornly prejudiced. She was generous towards her neighbors and possibly in love with Mary Rork, a romance that, in the early 20th century, stood no hope of social acceptance. Her obituary states: “In memory dear I see her now; Her kindly face, her placid brow.” Kate’s story is unique because, through her own words, we get a glimpse at the rich contradictions of history. This is ultimately a raw, refreshing picture of what it means to be human.
By Megan Roche
Hezly Rivera, a 17 year old gymnast from Oradell, has earned herself another accolade: USA Gymnastics 2025 National Champion.
Rivera, who most notably competed as the youngest member of Team USA during the 2024 Paris Olympic Games, started gymnastics at the age of five. She had attended a friends birthday party at a local gymnastics facility and fell in love.
While working her way through the ranks, Rivera has had the opportunity to represent the United States internationally at the 2022 DTB Pokal Cup in Germany, the 2023 Junior World Championships in Turkey, the 2024 Jesolo Trophy in Italy, and the 2025 Senior Pan American Championships in Panama. She was a key member of the 2024 Paris Olympics Women’s Gymnastics team that won a team gold medal.
New Jersey Gymnast Crowned US National Champion
Hezly Rivera receives her
atop the podium at U.S. Gymnastics Championships in August. (John Cheng/USA Gymnastics)
During the National Championship competition in August, Rivera had a strong showing on balance beam, floor exercise, and uneven bars. She was the all-around leader after the first day of competition.
Scores from the first day
of competition are carried over to the second day and after the second round of competition, both days scores are added together for the final outcome.
Rivera earned the allaround win with a final score of 112.000 to claim victory.
It is her first senior national championship title. She is the youngest champion since 2017.
“It means the world to me to take this national championship title home because I have worked so hard for this. It was not easy coming back after the Olympics. I took some time off, but did so much work in the gym, blood, sweat, and tears, so I am just so grateful
that I am here today,” Rivera said in an NBC Sports interview after her win.
She also earned individual championship title on floor exercise and balance beam. She is a co-champion on the uneven bars alongside Skye Blakely, a University of Florida gymnast.
Along with winning the championship title, Rivera also earned herself a spot on the U.S. Women’s Senior
National Team, where she will be given opportunities to compete to represent the United States on the international competition circuit. Her next stop will be a training and evaluation camp for a spot on the U.S. Gymnastics World Championship team. The World Championship competition will take place in Indonesia in October.
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medal
By Henry M. Holden
CChristopher Columbus Did Not Discover New Jersey
hristopher Columbus discovered America, but he did not discover New Jersey. That kudo belongs to Giovanni da Verrazzano, who in 1524, was the first European to see the land that one day would become New Jersey
There were probably a few million native human beings living here when Columbus and Verrazzano showed up, so for accuracy we’ll call them explorers who were the first to bring back descriptions of worlds they had found to the Europeans.
Verrazzano was one of the great men of the ages. He was an explorer who, like Copernicus, redefined the shape of the solar system, and Michaelangelo who redefined the image of man. What Verrazzano did was redefine the map of the world.
So, what little we know of Verrazzano comes from fragments gathered long after his death. Some historians disagree on where he was born albeit we know when and the cause of his death.
Verrazzano was born about 1485 to wealthy and cultured parents south of Florence, the capital and main city of the Republic of Florence. Verrazzano was an explorer living in France. He led most of his later expeditions, including the one to America, in the service of King Francis I of France. He is renowned as the first European to explore the Atlantic coast of North America between Florida and New Brunswick in 1524, In contrast to his detailed account of his voyages to North America, little is definitively known about his
personal life. After 1506, he settled in the port of Dieppe, Kingdom of France, where he began his career as a navigator.
He embarked for the American coast probably in 1508 in the company of Captain Thomas Aubert, on the ship La Pensée. He explored the region of Newfoundland, possibly during a fishing trip, and possibly the St. Lawrence River in Canada; on other occasions, he made numerous voyages to the eastern Mediterranean.
In September 1522, the Magellan expedition returned to Spain, having successfully navigating the world. Now Verrazzano embarked for the American coast. Competition in trade was becoming urgent, especially with Portugal.
French merchants and financiers urged King Francis I of France to establish new trade routes. In 1523, the king asked Verrazzano to explore on France›s behalf an area between Florida and Newfoundland, intending to find a sea route to the Pacific Ocean. The expedition was funded by a consortium of Florentine merchants and friends based in Lyon and Rouen. Enough money was raised, with Verrazzano himself contributing as both captain and investor.
Within months, four ships set sail due west for the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, but a violent storm and rough seas caused the loss of two ships. The remaining two damaged ships, La Dauphine and La Normande, were forced to return to Brittany.
Repairs were completed in the final weeks of 1523, and the ships set sail again. This time, the ships headed south toward calmer waters under Spanish and Portuguese
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After a stop in Madeira, complications forced La Normande back to home port, but Verrazzano’s ship La Dauphin departed on January 17, 1524, and headed once more for the North American continent.
It a letter to Francis I, Verrazzano described by historians as the Cèllere Codex, one of three surviving copies of a manuscript letter sent by Verrazzano to King Francis 1 of France. Verrazzano wrote that he was convinced that it was the beginning of the Pacific Ocean from which access could be gained to China.
Continuing to explore the coast further northwards, Verrazzano and his crew met Native people living on the coast. However, he did not notice the entrances to the Chesapeake Bay or the mouth of the Delaware River. continued on page 13
Columbus...
continued from page 12
In New York Bay, he encountered about 30Lenape canoes with friendly inhabitants and observed what he deemed to be a large lake but was really the entrance to the Hudson River. He then sailed along Long Island and entered Narragansett Bay, where he received a delegation of Wampanoag and Narragansett people.
He discovered Cape Cod is one of three surviving copies of a manuscript letter sent by Giovanni da Verrazzano (1481–1528) in 1524 to King Francis I his claim being proven by a map of 1529 that clearly outlined Cape Cod. He named the cape after a general, calling it Pallavicino. He then followed the coast up to modern Maine, southeastern Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland, and he then returned to France by July 8, 1524. Verrazzano named the region Francesca in honor of the French king, but his brother’s map labelled it Nova Gallia (New France).
Verrazzano arranged a second voyage, with financial support from those who knew him well. The exposition departed from Dieppe with four ships early in 1527. One ship was separated from the others in a gale near the Cape Verde Islands. Still, Verrazzano reached the coast of Brazil with two ships and harvested a cargo of brazilwood before returning to Dieppe in September. The third ship returned later, also with a cargo of brazilwood.
The partial success did not find the desired passage to the Pacific Ocean, but it inspired Verrazzano’s final voyage, which left Dieppe in early 1528.
There are conflicting accounts of Verrazzano’s death.
In one version, during his third voyage to North America in 1528, after he had explored Florida, the Bahamas, and the Lesser Antilles, Verrazzano anchored out to sea and rowed ashore, probably on the island of Guadeloupe. He was allegedly killed and eaten by the native Caribs. The fleet of three ships was anchored out of gunshot range, and no one could respond in time.
A 1527 map by Visconte Maggiolo showing the east coast of North America with “Tera Florida” at top right and Labrador at bottom left. The information supposedly came from Giovanni da Verrazzano’s voyage in 1524.
The geographic information derived from this voyage significantly influenced sixteenth-century cartographers. Despite his discoveries, Verrazzano’s reputation did not spread as well as other explorers of that era. For example, Verrazzano gave the European name Francesca to the new land that he had seen, in accordance with contemporary practices, after the French king in whose name he sailed. That and other names he bestowed on features he discovered have not survived. He had the misfortune of making significant discoveries shortly after the years (1519 to 1521) that the dramatic Conquest of the Aztec Empire and the first circumnavigation of the world occurred.
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, there was a great debate in the United States about the authenticity of the letters that Verrazzano ostensibly wrote to Francis I describing the geography, flora, fauna, and native population of the east coast of North America. Others
thought that they were authentic, since the discovery of the Cèllere Codex in 1909. This is the most widely held opinion today particularly after the discovery of a letter signed by Francis I, which referred to Verrazzano›s letter.
Verrazzano’s reputation was partially obscured in New York City, where the 1609 voyage of Henry Hudson on behalf of the Dutch Republic came to be regarded as the de facto start of European exploration of New York Estêvão Gomes’s trip of 1524 was also forgotten. It was only by a real effort of the Italian American community in 1909, and then in the 1940s and 1950s that Verrazzano’s name and reputation were reestablished as the European discoverer of the harbor, culminating in initiative to name the newly built Narrows bridge after him.
Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge is a long-span suspension bridge spanning New York Harbor from Brooklyn to Staten Island, built from 1959 to 1964. The bridge was an exceptionally expensive engineering project largely because of the problem of land acquisition. Its total cost was more than $325 million. It is the longest suspension bridge in the United States and the 17th longest in the world.
This author completed two New York City Marathons each having the starting point on the Staten Island side of the bridge. The most alarming part of the race was having thousands of runners pounding the concrete bridge and feeling the bridge sway like waves raising from the concrete.
The County College of Morris Unveils Campus Rebrand: A Perspective
By Steve Sears
In August, My Life Publications presented part one of a twopart series about County College of Morris in Randolph’s campus rebrand. For September, we share a reporter’s brief perspective recorded during a visit to the school.
A beautiful, late summer 75-degree day is the perfect time to visit Randolph’s County College of Morris campus, where the beauty of the campus outside the buildings is now mirrored on the inside in various areas, courtesy of a grant from the Lumina Foundation, an independent, private foundation based in Indianapolis, Indiana, and Adam Koppelman’s SpeedPro Imaging Services Group of Totowa, New Jersey.
County College of Morris (CCM) has always been and continues to be a welcoming place for both its students and the community.
CCM had entered The Million Dollar Community College Challenge offered by Lumina Foundation, was selected as a top 10 finalist, and received a grant which it used to rebrand their website. The school was then invited to apply for another grant for environmental branding.
Melissa Albright, CCM’s Vice-President of Marketing, Public Relations & Enrollment Management, said, “One of our faculty members (Kelly Whalen, Chairperson for Design and Media Studies), prior to the rebranding, had come to us and proposed a different project, but it included environmental branding, and had mentioned Adam and his work.”
It should be noted that you can read another’s perspective of the work, but to see it up close is very invigorating. You feel welcome. You can - will - accomplish much here. Entering the Student Community Center, visitors are
greeted by two wall to floor murals which say, “Discovery Grows Where Curiosity Flows” and “Stay Grounded. Connect with your roots. Turn over a new leaf. Bend before you break. Enjoy your unique beauty. Keep growing.”
SpeedPro Imaging Services Group worked on the first and second floors of the Student Community Center, the Health & Physical Education building, and more. Project lead was Gina Garcia, CCM’s Creative Services Manager, who did the planning, design, and helped oversee the installations.
Outside the Office of Campus Life, Titus the Titan, CCM’s new mascot, is surrounded by a number of young adults, his arms outstretched, a symbol of the institution’s desire to make you – whether a current or prospective student, visitor from the community, or CCM employee – very welcome.
Descending the stairs to the Workforce Development area, footsteps echoing, you find that this is no bland stairwell. A mural of a hiker atop a plateau overlooks a vast region of blue sky and mountains.
“GO BIG! DISCOVER POSSIBILITIES” are the adorning words. CCM is such a launch pad that you feel you can meet your future, and it is a bright one.
Perhaps the most beautiful of SpeedPro Imaging Services’ work is in Sheffield Hall at the Veterans Resource Center. An image of a beautiful American flag set aflutter dominates the wall, and nearby in the Health & Physical Education building, a three-dimensional Titans head and athletic stripe remind you are in Titan Country. Entering Jack Martin Gymnasium, you sense the legendary coach’s presence. His signature greets you from the hardwood floor and, 94 feet away, the evolution of a Titan head adorns the end of the court padding along the wall.
“Evolution” is the key word at County College of Morris. The college is constantly evolving and growing, and it encourages the same in those who populate its 222-acre campus.
Koppelman’s case study for the CCM project can be found here: https://www.speedpro.com/services-group-nj/countycollege-of-morris-rebrand/
SCCC Offers Free Certificate to Train Community Journalists
or the second year in a row, SCCC has received a grant to continue offering a
Certificate. The training focuses on helping community members develop the skills needed to serve as community journalists, covering community-centered news happening in their hometowns and county. The grant is from the New Jersey Council for the Humanities and designed with input from the Journalism + Design department at the New School. The certificate—Becoming a Com-
munity Journalist—will be offered at SCCC during the fall semester, from September 23 through November 11.
The program will offer a hands-on exploration of how journalism works. Participants will learn the tools needed for understanding the local issues that are affecting them and their neighbors, how to report important stories and make connections with publishers seeking current news and fresh ideas to circulate to their readers and listeners.
Prof. Cheryl Conway will return as the instructor of the certificate course. Conway teaches Journalism I and II at SCCC and has decades of experience as a reporter and editor for community newspapers and magazines, as well as publisher of her online publication in her hometown.
tion that leads to informed citizens and decisions.”
“This grant promises to have far-reaching and long-term benefits for our county and its citizens,” Gallo added. “The certificate is designed to teach journalism skills and design practices for anyone in greater Sussex County who wants to share stories and information that their communities need to thrive.”
Conway said, “I want the participants to begin thinking like journalists and be prepared to effectively engage with their neighbors and local government. Our aim is to prepare them to become more civically active, get involved in the community media ecosystem and seek the confidence to become a published writer.”
Nancy Gallo, director of the Center for Lifelong Learning, wrote the grant application on behalf of SCCC and the Center and previously worked as a community reporter covering events in her hometown. As the grant administrator, Gallo said, “We are so appreciative to the New Jersey Council for the Humanities for choosing SCCC as a worthy recipient of this grant.” SCCC was one of only three community colleges statewide chosen to participate.
“We want to train local citizens on how to write news articles and be part of the democratic system of providing informa-
The certificate will be offered in person and online beginning September 23. The in-person workshops will meet 8 consecutive Tuesdays on the SCCC campus from 12:30 p.m. to 2:30 p.m. The online version of the certificate course is offered asynchronously and will also be taught by Prof. Conway. All participants should be computer-savvy and have access to the internet and email. Students will be expected to type their assignments and turn them in via the online Canvas portal.
To register, please send an email to Sierra LoCicero, Academic & Student Affairs Executive Assistant, at slocicero@sussex.edu and she will assist you with registration. Space is limited and seats are filling quickly, so please contact Sierra today to reserve your spot!
Local Pet Sitter Turns Writing Pastime into Published Novel
By Stefanie Sears
Nancy Genung has a lot of various interests. She is best known for her full-time passion, a pet sitting business called Nancy’s Critter Sitters, which has been in operation for about 40 years. Now, Genung has decided to explore a new venture. The local hometown hero (as referred to by her publicist Joseph A. Federico of JFederico Marketing and Anchors To Dusk Publishing, LLC due to her presence in her community) has debuted her first novel in January 2024 and just completed a brief summer book signing tour with stops at East Hanover, Millburn, and Morristown.
Described as a combination of “The Sopranos” and 50 Shades of Grey without the kinkiness, Cousins – Where Loyalty and Betrayal Collide: An Italian Family Drama Meets the Jersey Mob centers on New Jersey Italian close cousins Christopher and Giuseppe Yacenda whose lives are upended by a falling out and the mob. They take opposite paths in life: one for construction, the other for destruction. The question is, will this New Jersey family ever make amends?
Genung has a background in the police department and emergency medical services. She currently works in the records department for the East Hanover Police Department and has been a member of the department since the 1980s when she first served as a Special Police Officer. It was this background that inspired her tale. She heard a bunch of stories throughout her career, especially one rather unique one.
“There was a story about how we had a case that was going to court and the defendants were fighting with each other,” says Genung. “There were two people that were
fighting with each other, and when they went to court, one of the guys saw the other defendant’s car and he decided to throw a bucket of crap into his car.”
A highlight of Genung’s novel is that one cousin does this to the other’s Jaguar.
“That story is not something you hear every day. So I was like, ‘Oh, I’ve got to stick that in the back of my mind.’”
But interestingly, Genung does not have any Italian roots herself. Her surrounding influences is what helped her develop the dynamics of her characters. There is so much accuracy that people have told her that it felt like she wrote about their own families.
“In the town that I grew up in, which is East Hanover, it was 98% Italian when I was growing up. I happened to be part of that 2% that was not. I kind of learned all the Italian stuff from all my friends. Every single one of them are Italian, loving, warm. So that’s the atmosphere of the Italian background and family. Family tightness is where I got the idea.”
This is actually Genung’s first writing attempt. She initially treated it like a hobby jotting down different ideas and it has now expanded to a more full-fledged endeavor.
“It was like taking me out of reality and putting me in like a fantasy world. These thoughts would come and it was just taking a break from everyday routine. It was more exciting to sit down behind the keyboard and just forget about whatever was going on. That’s what really kept me going. It took me approximately seven years to do this book. I had a big gap in between work. I would write down all these ideas and it started to flow. So as it started to flow, I got more interest. Those couple of years in between where I had no
thought about the book, I just let it go, and then all of a sudden, came back and I finished it. So it did take a while, but it was definitely a process.”
Genung is now working on a sequel to Cousins and is looking to embark on more book signings in the fall. Cousins is available on Amazon. www.amazon.com/dp/ B0CTMW6TB7
Love Is The Key To Heaven’s Door, And Forgiveness Is The Force That Unlocks The Bolt
By Richard Mabey Jr.
Now at 71 and fighting an advanced case of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, I have thought more and more about what Heaven is like. Jesus of Nazareth told us that there are many mansions in Heaven. I think that Heaven is a vast place, with many places and nooks and crannies. I want to be reverent and respectful here. My main point is that death is not something to fear, but rather to be looked upon as simply entering another room. As if you are simply walking from your kitchen to your living room.
God blessed me with a kind, patient, loving mother, and a strong, hard working, practical father. I grew up in a Christian home and began attending Sunday School at the age of three. In my early childhood, my mother would read me Bible stories, before I fell asleep at night.
I know, without a shadow of a doubt, that Heaven is a real place. And, our life does not end when the heart stops breathing and the lungs stop taking in air. Death is nothing to be feared. But, it is important to prepare for one’s passing, in both practical ways and in spiritual ways.
Having recently been to a few doctors and gone through even more cardiac tests and procedures, my doctors have told me that my heart has gotten worse in the past year or so. As the chest pains increase, in both
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degrees of discomfort and frequency, I find myself more and more preparing for my own journey to cross over from this physical world to the Heavenly World. My two basic elements of preparation, for this journey, lie in reading the Holy Bible more and more and in praying with more focus and concentration.
I believe love is the key to opening the door to Heaven’s Gate. And, as a corollary to this poetic image, forgiveness is the force that unlocks the bolt to Heaven’s Gate.
If you are faced with a terminal illness, please do not panic and allow your heart to be filled with dreaded anxieties. Take time to read the holy scriptures of your faith. Pray, pray and pray for God to bring comfort to your heart and wash away any and all anxieties that may be plaguing your heart and mind.
Please know that this universe was not created by accident, but rather by an Infinite Wisdom that is far beyond our human comprehension to fully understand. Please know that God loves you, more than you will ever know.
Richard Mabey Jr. is a freelance writer. He has had two books published. He hosts a YouTube Channel titled, “Richard Mabey Presents.” He can be reached at richardmabeyjr@gmail.com.
My late parents, Richard Sr. and Janet Mabey, taught me from a very young age that God loves me more than I will ever know. My mother was a kind and gentle woman who read Bible stories to me every night, when I was a little boy. My father was a stong, hardworking man. Dad taught me the prevalence of God’s love in the wooded forest, in our many hikes together upon the Appalachian Trail.
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