July Edition 2018

6 Chippingham Place, Sheffield S9 35A

BRITAIN’S POPULATION PASSES THE 66 MILLION MARK

Britain’s population has officially passed the 66 million mark, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) said.

In the year ending June, 2017, an extra 392,000 people were added to the total population of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, reaching 66,040,229. But ONS said the 0.6 per cent growth over the year was the lowest since mid-2004.

The year ending June 2016 saw the population rise by 538,000 which was the highest population growth since 1948.

ONS said 41 per cent of the population growth occurred from natural change (births minus deaths) and 59 per cent through net international migration.

The reduction in the number of immigrants was the largest single driver of the lower level of population growth in the year to mid-2017, the report said.

Immigration in the year to mid-2017 was 572,000, but in the same year 342,00 people left the country, 28,000 more than the previous year, representing a nine per cent increase in the number of emigrating. ONS said the EU Brexit referendum was likely to be one of the key drivers for the figures.

ONS said the largest inflow of immigrants to the UK was from Romania (50,000) followed by China, India, France and Poland.

The new statistics showed that 12 million UK residents were aged 65 and over in mid-2017, or 18.2 per cent of the population, with the large 1947born cohort now being aged 70.

A decrease in net international migration in mid-2017 has affected the rate of population growth in some places more than others, with England’s growth rate decreasing more than the other regions of the UK to 0.64 per cent and London’s rate nearly halving to 0.63 per cent. This is the lowest annual population growth since 2004 due to a fall in net migration, fewer births and more deaths than previously seen.

1.2bn CHILDREN WORLDWIDE THREATENED BY WAR, POVERTY, DISCRIMINATION

More than half of the world's children are threatened by conflict, poverty or sexual discrimination, Save the Children said in a report published last month.

Entitled Many Faces of Exclusion, the study ranked 175 countries in terms of the threat of child labour, exclusion from education, child marriage and early pregnancy.

It found that 1.2 billion children worldwide were at risk from at least one of the three main threats. Eight of the 10 countries that ranked worst for children were in west and central Africa, with the greatest threat level in Niger. By contrast, Singapore and Slovenia were classed as the countries with the lowest incidence of such problems.

"More than half the world's children start their lives held back because they are a girl, because they are poor or because

A Basic Problem Of Philosophy

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they are growing up in a war zone," said the charity's chief executive. Governments can and must do more to give every child the best possible start in life.

The fact that countries with similar levels of income deliver such different outcomes for children shows that policy, funding and political commitment make a critical difference.

The report said more than one billion children live in countries hit by poverty and 240 million in countries affected by conflict and fragility.

More than 575 million girls live in countries "where gender bias is a serious issue", it found.

Some 20 countries, including South Sudan, Somalia, Yemen and Afghanistan, account for 153 million children living under all three threats of child labour, exclusion from education and child marriage.

Wrinkling of the Eyes...

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More than 6,000 crimes were reported across Sheffield in April, the latest figures show.

In total there were 6,245 crimes reported in the city during the month, according to data published on police.uk. The stats equate to an average of 208 reported crimes a day in Sheffield during April.

Run by the Home Office police.uk uses official data of reported crimes across England, Wales and Northern Ireland.

Sheffield is split into four policing wards - Central, North East, South East and West, A breakdown of reported crimes by street in each ward is part of the published figures.

Crimes are broken down into categories including burglary, bicycle

Motorists Who Park On Pavements Will Be Fined Selfish motorists who park on pavements creating dangers for pedestrians and other drivers will be fined under a new council crackdown.

Sheffield Council is introducing a new citywide traffic regulation order on pavement parking which means motorists could be hit with a fine.

The council has stressed that people who need to park slightly on the pavement outside their home will not be penalised. Nor will motorists who go on the pavement on narrow streets to allow traffic to pass.

Coun Jack Scott, Cabinet member for Highways, said at there was currently a lot of “irresponsible but not illegal” parking. Rather than painting double yellow lines everywhere, the new enforcement will target

Sheffield Free City Wi-Fi Goes Live Sheffield’s first-ever free high-speed wi-fi went live across the city centre on World Wi-Fi Day. The service, known as Sheffield Free Wi-Fi, will help Sheffield City Council meet its ambition to be one of the best connected cities in the country and help make the city centre more vibrant.

Sheffield-based Idaq Networks is providing the wi-fi service by installing 220 pieces of superfast and ultrafast broadband equipment to councilowned street lights and street furniture.

The first phase of the wi-fi network covers the theatre and retail district including Fargate, the Peace Gardens, Winter Garden, Tudor Square, Pinstone Street and The Moor.

Further phases will be launched in the months ahead, so that almost all the city centre will be

covered by November 2018.

A team of wi-fi helpers will be in Sheffield city centre to show people how to access Sheffield Free Wi-Fi for the first time.

The service will comply with the new General Data Protection Regulations giving users control over their personal data. Users can be confident that personally identifiable data needed to provide the service, will not be sold to third parties.

World Wi-Fi Day World Wi-Fi day is a global initiative to help bridge the digital divide. It is a platform to recognize and celebrate the significant role Wi-Fi is playing in cities and communities around the world by driving exciting and innovative projects to ‘connect the unconnected’.

Grass Fire Warning During Hot Weather Fire crews are warning the public to take extra care during this period of hot weather to avoid any accidental grass fires.

During hot and dry weather the risk of grass fires increases, but following a few simple steps can greatly reduce the chance of a fire starting.

Fire officers are asking people to help prevent grass fires by: •Not using open fires in the countryside •Making sure any barbecue or disposable bar-

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theft, anti-social behaviour, robbery, shoplifting, theft from a person and other theft. Other categories are criminal damage and arson, drugs, possession of weapons, public order, vehicle crime, and violence and sexual offences.

During April a total of 1,279 crimes were reported in Sheffield Central which covers the city centre and surrounding areas.

In the same period 1,600 offences were reported in Sheffield North East.

Meanwhile, a total of 1,683 crimes were reported in Sheffield South East and the same number in Sheffield West. To report a crime in Sheffield call South Yorkshire Police on 101.

becue is only used in a suitable location and is extinguished properly after use •Extinguishing cigarettes completely and not throwing cigarette ends on the ground •Not leaving bottles or glass in woodland – sunlight shining through glass can start fires Fire crews want their resources available to protect the communities of South Yorkshire, incidents involving accidental grass fires can use up a lot of these vital resources.

areas which have particular problems such as near junctions.

He said: “Although this is a citywide scheme it will only be enforced on certain roads, particularly those in the city centre or near schools.”

But Coun Scott appreciates Sheffield’s topography of hills and narrow streets, plus an ever increasing number of cars on the road, means the enforcement has to be done with common sense.

He added: “We won’t be taking action against people who have to park outside their home on a narrow street, this will focus on certain locations.”

Anti-Idling Policy For Sheffield A radical and innovative new policy to get parents to turn off their engines when they are waiting to pick them up from school has been launched on World Clean Air Day. Signs are being installed across schools in Sheffield which warn that parents could face fines for leaving their cars running – and choke the environment for others, particularly during pick-up and drop-off times.

Sheffield is one of the first places to introduce the policy outside of London. It is one of a number of air quality measures set to be announced and consulted on to improve the city’s air quality.

It is likely that the new policy will be enforced through the issuing of fixed penalty notices. Enforcement will start when schools return in September this year, with the top 20 schools that are in areas of highest air pollution being targeted.

Sheffield City Council launched a new consultation to tackle poor air quality across the city last year. A separate green city consultation attracted more than 7,000 replies.

The consultation asked whether the Council

should introduce a scheme to enforce drivers that leave their engines running outside schools – the vast majority of people backed the move.

Sheffield City Council’s Air Aware campaign has been saying for some time “Switch off when you drop off” to parents if they take their children to school by car and has given head teachers the opportunity to have a free banner outside their school to really push that message.

The new anti-idling measures are part of a range of actions taken by the council in recent months.

The council is also working with the bus companies to have a cleaner bus stock and earlier this year announced that £1.9m will be invested to retrofit 117 buses across the Sheffield network with emission reduction technology.

Once upgraded, the buses will produce less nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions per kilometre than many types of modern car. The retrofit will reduce NOx emissions of buses to Euro VI standard, complying with standards set out in the council’s own ambitious Clean Air Strategy.

Smokefree Sheffield Launched Smokefree Sheffield, an initiative that aims to reduce the prevalence of smoking across the city, was officially launched on 20th June 2018 with a public event on The Moor in the centre of Sheffield.

Smoking remains the biggest killer in the UK, with tobacco killing 16 people per week in Sheffield alone. On average around 1 in 5 adults in Sheffield smoke and around 5 children start smoking in Sheffield every day. The campaign’s ambition is to achieve a smokefree generation in Sheffield by 2025.

Smokefree Sheffield partners, including stop smoking advisors, councillors, council representatives and a number of healthcare professionals, will be at the Smokefree Sheffield tent, ready to support members of the public in their stop smoking journey.

This event will help smokers by offering them free stop-smoking support and advice, putting more people in touch with the local service in Sheffield. Statistics show that you are four times more likely to quit with the support of a stop

smoking service and using stop smoking medication.

Find out more about the campaign, the organisations involved in working towards a Smokefree Sheffield, or information on how to quit at smokefreesheffield.org.

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May Pledges Extra £20bn For NHS Post-Brexit Theresa May has pledged to increase funding for the National Health Service by £20 billion after Brexit, funded by money no longer spent on membership of the European Union and possible tax rises.

May said spending in England would increase to an extra £20 billion by 2023/24. The pledge drew immediate scepticism, with critics saying the plans lacked detail and questioning whether leaving the EU would actually save money.

“As we leave the European Union and stop paying significant annual subscriptions to Brussels, we will have more money to spend on priorities like the NHS,” May said in a post on her Facebook account. “But to give the NHS the funding it needs for the future, this Brexit dividend will not be enough. As a country, we need to contribute a bit more in a fair and balanced way.”

May said the spending increase was equivalent to a 3.4 per cent funding increase in real terms.

Independent experts say it needs even more than that to improve.

The idea of a “Brexit dividend” is also contested. The independent Institute for Fiscal Studies think tank highlighted government analysis showing public finances would weaken by £15 billion per year after Brexit, and paying Britain’s EU divorce bill would eat up any savings initially.

In media interviews, May said her finance minister would set out plans before a govern-

ment spending review expected next year. She said the increased contribution from taxpayers would be done in a “fair and balanced” way. She did not answer directly when asked whether borrowing might increase.

The announcement is timed to mark the 70th anniversary of the NHS, which delivers free access to care for everyone living in Britain. It aims to foster unity in the government and the country after two years of bitter divisions over Brexit.

The announcement was also tailored to send a positive message to the 48 per cent of Britons who voted in 2016 to remain in the EU — many of whom are still unconvinced about Brexit as the March 29, 2019 exit date approaches. During the 2016 referendum campaign on EU membership, the pro-Brexit camp claimed that Britain was sending £350 million a week to the EU and should spend that money on the NHS instead.

Despite leaving, Britain will continue to make payments to the EU over several decades to settle an exit bill of around £39 billion.

In interviews, May — who campaigned against Brexit in 2016 and has been under pressure from hardline Brexiteers ever since to prove her conversion to the cause — drew attention to the fact that her funding announcement exceeded that £350 million-per-week figure.

Twenty billion pounds annually is approximately £384 million per week.

Far-Right Terror Threat On The Rise In Britain Stung by an attack on Muslims in London a year ago, Britain is facing a growing threat from farright extremists fuelled by online hate speech, forcing the authorities to react.

In a country hit by five attacks in the space of six months in 2017 that killed 36 people, “the biggest threat is from Islamist terrorism”, Home Secretary Sajid Javid said. But “extreme rightwing terrorism is also an increasing threat”, the interior minister added as he unveiled a new counter-terror strategy.

A government report found that four attacks

have been carried out in Britain over the past five years “by lone actors motivated to varying degrees by extreme right-wing ideologies”.

Among them was Darren Osborne, a 48-yearold from Cardiff, who a year ago drove his rented van into a group of Muslim worshippers near Finsbury Park Mosque in north London, killing one man and injuring 12 others. The father-offour’s radicalisation ramped up in a matter of weeks, fed by compulsive reading of hate material online.

In recent decades, extreme right-wing activity in Britain had been confined to small, es-

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EU Leaders Seal The Migration Deal European leaders have reached a migration deal after holding marathon talks at a summit lasting nearly 10 hours, the bloc’s president Donald Tusk said.

Italy — the entry point for thousands of migrants, mainly from Africa — had threatened to veto the conclusions of the entire agenda if it did not receive help on the issue. The country had been asking EU member countries do more to share responsibility for asylum seekers landing on Italian shores.

Announcing the end of tense summit talks shortly before dawn, European Council head Tusk tweeted that 28 EU “leaders agreed” on a migration compromise which was at the heart of their two-day summit.

In a compromise, the EU countries agreed to set up joint asylum processing sites and restrict migrants’ moves with the bloc. “All the measures in the context of these controlled centres, including relocation and resettlement, will be on a voluntary basis,” the joint statement said.

The leaders also agreed to tighten their external border more, increase financing for Turkey, Morocco and Northern African states to prevent migration to Europe. However, it was unclear which countries would host the centres or receive refugees.

The bloc also dodged an agreement on controversial refugee quotas.

Italy earlier refused to let several migrant rescue boats dock at its ports, demanding that the responsibility for people arriving across the Mediterrane-

an should be shared between other countries.

The euro jumped 0.6 per cent on news of the deal while French President Emmanuel Macron declared that European cooperation “has won the day”.

German Chancellor Angela Merkel said that “we still have a lot of work to do to bridge the different views”, but said it was “a good signal” that the EU had agreed a common text. Merkel had warned that the future of the EU hinged on whether it could find answers to the “vital questions” posed by migration.

Leaders agreed that EU countries should help migrants rescued in the Mediterranean to alleviate the burden on Italy and Greece.

The agreement also vowed to crack down aggressively on those involved in trafficking operations in Libya and elsewhere, while increasing support for the Libyan coastguard and boosting funds for affected communities.

This will likely include regions like Sicily and remote Italian islands such as Lampedusa that have been frontline destinations for many migrant entries into Europe.

tablished groups with an older membership, which promoted anti-immigration and white supremacist views but presented a low risk to national security.

But the emergence of the neo-Nazi group National Action in 2014, and similar fringe outfits like Generation Identity, has helped forge a new, younger pool of extremists, according to the “2018 State of Hate” report by the anti-racism organisation Hope Not Hate.

The report’s “online hate” section cited prominent British figures among those with the biggest reach on social media. They included Stephen Lennon — known as Tommy Robinson — founder of the English Defence League, which he left in 2013. They also included Paul Joseph Watson, whose videos have been viewed hundreds of thousands of times, and commentator Katie Hopkins, who in 2015 compared migrants to “cockroaches”.

“The authorities are failing to appreciate or deal with this growing far-right online threat and antiMuslim hatred in general,” Hope Not Hate’s report concluded.

The Muslim Council of Britain, a national representative umbrella body, has also denounced an Islamophobic climate, blaming elements of the governing Conservative Party.

The government has pledged to act upstream, identifying young people sensitive to propaganda and developing “alternative speeches” to those of extremists — whether they come from radical Islam or the extreme right.

Javid says the two camps are “more similar than they might like to think”. “They both exploit grievances, distort the truth, and undermine the values that hold us together,” he said.

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Council Funding Boost To Support Refugees Sheffield Council is to receive government funding to help new refugees find work and to integrate into the local community. The funding for Sheffield means that there is now money to pay for two local authority project workers for a year to help new refugees from becoming homeless.

Local authorities across the country have developed plans to ease local pressures on housing, education and health services arising from recent migration providing benefits to the whole community.

At the moment, once a refugee has been given a legal right to be in the UK they only have 28 days to leave their temporary accommodation and then begin their new life.

This is often when, without the right help and advice, they can present as homeless on eviction day putting pressure on council staff, on the voluntary sector and on themselves.

To help new refugees understand

their new life in Sheffield, one project worker will provide them with housing help and support. This service will also advise those who have been refused to stay on what to do next including the option to return home.

The other worker will focus on giving housing advice and go to people in their homes before they leave their private asylum accommodation. They will advise on employment and welfare advice, and be based at the Sanctuary in Chapel Walk, Sheffield city centre.

Both of the project workers will work closely with partners, such as the private asylum housing provider, The Red Cross, The Sanctuary, housing services and Target Housing.

Sheffield has been chosen to be a national pilot for this work along with other local authorities. Bradford and Leeds are the other Yorkshire local authorities involved in the project.

Extra 1,000 Spies Needed Suspected British terrorists will be monitored more closely and convicted terrorists given longer prison sentences as part of a package of counterterrorism measures.

Technology companies will also be called on to do more to tackle extremist content posted online, while new powers will be introduced to fast-track terror suspects to jail before they have finalised any plans for an attack.

The Home Office warned that Britain faces a severe threat from Islamist terrorism for at least another two years. MI5 and counter-terrorism police are currently running more than 500 live operations involving roughly 3,000 “subjects of interest” at any one time. However, more than 20,000 people who have previously been investigated and categorised as a “closed subject of

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interest” could still pose a threat.

The new security measures to be unveiled are expected to focus on the importance of trying to spot those who may have become radicalised again. An extra 1,000 security services staff will also be recruited to collect and analyse data as well as keep suspects under better surveillance.

MI5 will also be expected to share information about suspected extremists more widely with other organisations, including local councils and neighbourhood policing units. Extra resources will be provided for areas such as Birmingham, Bradford and Manchester to help monitor Muslim extremists.

Security agencies and police have foiled 12 Islamist and four extreme right-wing plots since March last year.

Report States British Spies Complicit In Torture British spies were complicit in the mistreatment of hundreds of suspected militants by the United States and involved in dozens of cases of the illegal transfer of suspects, according to two reports by parliament.

The Intelligence and Security Committee spent several years looking at the actions of British security and intelligence agencies in relation to the handling of detainees overseas following the September 11 attacks in the United States.

The committee found British intelligence officers were involved in incidents of mistreatment ranging from officers either witnessing torture first hand to passing on intelligence knowing it could be used in illegal interrogations.

"In our view the UK tolerated actions, and took others, that we regard as inexcusable," the Intelligence and Security Committee said. The committee said it was "beyond doubt" that British intelligence knew at an early stage that its closest security ally the United States was mistreating detainees.

The findings undermine Britain's claims to formally reject all forms of prisoner abuse and will raise fresh questions about whether the government should have taken a more independent approach from the U.S. after the September 11 attacks.

Although the committee did not find any evidence that British intelligence officers directly mistreated or tortured militant suspects, they reveal new evidence about the scale of cases where British agents were aware of mistreatment.

One report said it had found 232 cases where British personnel continued to supply questions or intelligence to allies after they knew about suspected mistreatment.

In 198 cases, they received

intelligence obtained from detainees who they knew or should have suspected had been mistreated, the committee said.

The committee also found 28 cases where intelligence agencies suggested, planned or agreed to rendition operations and three cases where they offered to make a financial contribution to conduct a rendition operation.

Prime Minister Theresa May said in a written response to the report with the hindsight intelligence officers were working in challenging operating environment they were not prepared for.

"It took too long to recognise that guidance and training for staff was inadequate, and too long to understand fully and take appropriate action on the risks arising from our engagement with international partners on detainee issues," she said.

The committee found no "smoking gun" indicating a policy of deliberately overlooking mistreatment, but said Britain did not do enough to challenge the behaviour of the United States.

"The agencies were the junior partner with limited influence, and concerned not to upset their US counterparts in case they lost access to intelligence from detainees that might be vital in preventing an attack on the UK," the committee said.

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The Emergence of Human Existence: A Basic Problem of Philosophy Cogito Ergo Sum (I think therefore I am) is the hardcore of philosophic rationalism portrayed by the Rane Descartes. Human self is essentially disembodied and rationally self-introspective. ‘I think’ is the essence of mind, and what I think is the objectification of that which is innately present to the self-introspective self.

This epistemological position of Descartes shows that human self is not what is out there as physically interacting with the world. The essential self is an antecedent individuated-self independent of the world as such. Such a bare self is problematic for Philosophers to know how it acts and interacts in the world out there if it is disembodied essentially. The famous mind-body problem takes its weak roots to grow in the philosophical world, however opening the threshold and horizons of understanding the philosophic truth of human self. Descartes’ failure to prove the bridge that connects the mind [self] to body [physical existence in relations to the natural world] led to the absolute psychologism.

Husserl’s Phenomenology drew its immediate inspiration from Cartesian [Descartes] rationalism and held that to understand the inner core of human existence, it is necessary to study the structure of human consciousness or experience. Though, he would find out the way to understand truth of transcendent structure of conscious experience from the point of first person account (I), along with relevant conditions of experience. In this way, Husserl tries to understand the inner structure of all conscious experiences like, perception, reason, imagination, thought, memory, emotions, desires, volitions in relations to bodily actions and embodied awareness of ones’ physical characters towards the world in which man lives. For him, the essence of the structure of consciousness is intentionality which he calls directedness of the mental actions towards the objects (contents, both physical or mental). Thus, self or mind is no more absolutely disembodied, rather it is phenomenologically directed towards things, objects existing in the world.

On the other hand, Husserl would consider the point of first person reference from the very notion of reductionism that is how he believes that if we have to understand the transcendental aspect of human consciousness, we need to suspend or bracket all our mental cum physical directional structure of understanding of objects or things other than transcendence. This is how would phenomenology will help find out the transcendental truth of Self towards itself rather then towards other than itself. Why is this so, because he believes that to focus transcendent aspects of intentionality [inner structure of consciousness as directedness], we need to investigate the extra-mental world that does not depend on the represented objects [existing in the world out there].

In contrast to this view, Martin Heidegger prioritises ontology (study of Being) over the epistemology (theory of knowledge). For him, rationalism or mere phenomenology would relegate the human condition to a transcendence or metaphysics of self rather than being-there (Da Sein: in German called human-being) in the world. He believes that we must study human self through its life-world, history, culture, social cum political structures characterising human existence as thrown into the world in a given situation. Man can understand its ownmost inauthentic modes of existence in the world and go on searching the authentic mode of its self-projecting towards the future filled with manifold possibilities, freedom, hope, anguish, and above all death. The human existence is primarily temporal and historicist in its structure. Like the temporal human existence shows that man is historically situated in different social conditions as thrown beingthere, he has no power to change the truth of his social cum historical dwelling thrown upon him. Heidegger calls such a world as Das Man welt (The they world), where man is facing Mit-seins (with-being), and Mit Daseins [with other human selves]. Such a man lives an inauthentic life due to external influence on his thinking and acting, he is not free to decide his presence where he is born (thrown), however, he realizes that he is free being, he has manifold choices at his disposal to act in way to make himself other then what he is. He can emancipate himself from the social cum moral determinism by choosing from within the manifold choices and possibilities and make the way he desires to exist authentically.

For Sartre, human existence is essentially free-being, he is born free, he is condemned to be free, he is possibility of freedom himself by realizing he is not what

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he is, and is what he is not, in this situation, men keeps changing, and his nature is not fixed, so there is no human nature already fixed, or predestined, rather he choses for himself what to be and characterizes himself through choices among choices. In this way, men choses himself to be. If man denies that he doesn’t have freedom to exist, he is in bad faith. Self-denial is nothing but the manifestation of bad faith that one imposes on himself. This is the reason why Sartre held that existence precedes essence that refutes the very idea that nature of thing is more important then thing itself because nature does not change but existence. If so, they believe that man is predestined divinely, some extraterrestrial force will determine and fix the nature

of man to do what is already written in the divine book.

For Sartre such view of human nature would amount to downtrodden human self. For him, human means freedom, they consciously will to be free, have realization to act free, and by that freedom he/she is able to create world of their own values, moral precepts, and constitute the meaning of their life based on earthly created values, and social truth that keeps changing like human beings, because there is no fixed human nature but freedom above the destiny. So, there is no place for divine values or bare identity created in vacuum because man is autonomous law giver, he/she is the author of their actions, they bear the responsibility for whatever they act. Sartre refutes the Cartesian claim of res cogitans ‘I think therefore, I am’, and he pronounces it as ‘I exist therefore, I am’. My existence is prior to what I think and act.

While Soren Kierkegaard, in 19th century left great works for later philosophers like Sartre and Heidegger.

Kierkegaard believed that we should differentiate between subjective certainty and objective uncertainty.

The subjectivity is truth as the single individual ‘I’ and the objectivity is uncertainty in terms of social or intersubjective world of others. For him, ‘I’ must be source of moral truth rather than divine faith influencing human through universal document of ethics such as Christian Ethics, Islamic Shariya or Ethics based on rational grounds. All these general or universal forms of ethics are mere abstractions, the truth of which is determined on the basic of public that is, for Kierkegaard, monstrous nothingness, hallow and empty. Whereas, the truth of ethical actions is individualistic and truly I-centred, and it should not be other-centred, because otherness is the objective uncertainty and cannot dictate or constitute the moral actions of individuals based on universality of law. Truth is passion, I (myself), my subjectivity (inwardness of self), I am the real being. And all forms of collectivism are nothing but the manifestation of untrue self or existence. All meaning of human existence lies in singularity of individuated self. Ethics of rationality (crowd, public opinion, theyselves) leads to the most untrue existence to come up to the surface of faith, it kills the concrete truth of ‘I’ existence.

For Kierkegaard, existence is the philosophical and metaphysical problem inherent to the thinking of the paradoxical presence of God. Whereas, Nietzsche would assert it in the assumption that the ‘God is dead’, and man becomes the God himself. He should decide and give meaning to his existence rather than deriving it from the unknown sources confirmed by the papacy or church. Herein, Nietzsche would taste every philosophical problem of human existence and faith in relations to nihilism.

Nietzsche’s nihilism rejects the theistic morality and the conception of God. For him, man should be the measure of his own actions, he should create meanings and values that can fit to describe the truth of human existence independent of theistic faith. I believe Nietzsche’s notion of death of God pertains to the col-

lusion of Christian faith in God, and system of morality, which he finds it abhorrent of human freedom. He thinks these systems of morality prescribe nothing but the expression of the ‘will to power’. Moreover, in his writings ‘On the Genealogy of Morals’, he believes that the ethical systems of Judaism, Christianity and [Islam: my emphasis] are the exhibition of the resentment of the frailty and weakness of faithful against the powerful men in society. So, the people of faith exploited the faith itself to challenge the power of stronger. Faith is weakness on the side of faithful, they act the way conscience moulds them to follow the universal values and moral percept imposed by the public world on them. Such a public world is an exhibition of untrue crowd (herd mentality) which claims the so-called self-autonomy of individuals in name merely.

Such an ethical system produces conformist individuals in society. What Nietzsche saw the decaying society of 19th century by devaluing the values at large. Such societies produced despaired individuals baffling in the face of nihilism to find out the meaning of their existence in vain. They have no meaning in life, they have lost their individuality to herd mentality while looking for intrinsic meaning of life in collective nothingness.

For Nietzsche, nihilism would emancipate the strong and creative individuals only when they exercise their productive power by transvaluing values and establish the system of values based on earthly order of things rather than desiring the other-worldly rewards upon individuals. It is undesirable to act upon the values, the source of which

Dr Syed Alam Shah is transcendence or unknown character.

Nietzsche’s nihilism produces an Overman Ubermensche that is a powerful man to constitute the meaning and purpose to the world responsibly, the overman possesses the mode of life and character of his being that embodies meaningful life and immanent existence among the herds. Thus, a powerful man challenges the social cum historical determinism and makes its ways towards emancipation by affirming the true potentiality of his ownmost existence in the world.

He doesn’t accept the oblivion, he thinks beyond good and evil, and is not fallen to the deceit of moral autonomy or obeying the moral law revealed through transcendence.

This is the reason why the world is behaving today in a way as Nietzsche predicted being the philosopher-prophet of the centuries ahead. His man finds meaning within himself and invents values that emancipate him from the deceit of universal laws of moral behaviour, he tries to act in way he is what he thinks and desires his ownmost being to be prior to universal law and finds the proximity with his ownmost self as being possible in the world. What I understand from his nihilism and atheistic prophethood, if God does not exist, everything is meaningless and there is no intrinsic meaning of life and existence for nihilist. Only the man himself is the author of his own existence and constitutes its meanings by inventing values fit to his ownmost self. Such a being is empty, shallow and dwelling in the indifferent world/nature/ universe with no intrinsic meaning, there is no divine plan for human beings to go on with, Nietzsche’s man is the God of existence to decide his life-world without being relying on the transcendence.

Dr Syed Alam Shah Email: shaahphilosophy@gmail.com

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Wrinkling Of The Eyes Makes You Look More Sincere Mr Shumile J. Chishty It has been researched that the sincerest smiles, display wrinkles around the eyes as it shows more intense and sincere emotions. The wrinkling feature of the eye is known as the Duchenne marker, and it occurs across multiple facial expressions, not just when smiling. Researchers used a technique called visual rivalry where they asked participants to show expressions with and without the Duchenne marker, photographs were taken and compared, and people had to identify which image perceived as more relevant and emerged the most. The most common result was the image with the Duchenne marker, it was also said that the more intense the emotion, the higher the chance your brain will bring it into perceptual awareness for a longer period of time. Facial expressions are a universal language, which nearly everyone can understand, but for people with the autism spectrum they find it hard to interpret facial expressions.

This Duchenne marker has been often scrutinized by scientists but has never before been linked to perceived sincerity of happiness and sadness. This Duchenne marker can be used to your advantage, so if you want to emphasise your feeling and give your words some importance, just reveal the Duchenne marker, that way your emotions will be more vivid and it may also help communication amongst others.

Some people tend to have plastic surgery, assuming that these Duchenne markers, such as the crows-feet, carry a negative association of being old, however they tend to miss that these Duchenne markers are beneficial in conveying messages.

But why do we have these wrinkles in the first place? some reasons tend to be genetics and some tend to be age but there are some other reasons as well, such as exposure to ultraviolet light, this

speeds the aging process and usually is the primary cause of early more often we squint or smile, your facial muscles are being used, wrinkling. The light breaks down your skin’s connective tissue, col- and a groove forms beneath the surface of the skin, these soon lagen and elastin fibres, which lie in the deeper layer of the skin. become permanent.

Sometimes we get wrinkles due to repeated facial expressions. The

Mediterranean Migrants Death Toll Nears 1,000 A total of 960 migrants and refugees have lost their lives at Mediterranean Sea since the beginning of 2018, the UN migration agency has said.

A total of 40,944 migrants and refugees entered Europe by sea through the first 171 days of 2018, comparing to 84,675 at this time last year, and over 215,997 at this time in 2016. At least 12

migrants have died over the past four days off the coast of Libya. Deaths are much lower than at comparable periods of the past two years. In 2017 IOM’s Missing Migrants Project reported 2,133 deaths through 21 June; at this point in 2016 the figure was 2,911 – or over three times 2018’s estimated total of 960.

Innocent Drivers Left £3K Out Of Pocket After Non-Fault Collisions Over a third of motorists say they’ve suffered financial losses after being involved in a road traffic collision that wasn’t their fault.

An RAC survey found that 36% of drivers have lost out financially because of a “non-fault” accident, with some citing costs as high as £3,000.

Some survey respondents said they had to pay their insurance policy excess; others incurred travel expenses or loss of earnings; and some had to settle the cost of a personal injury compensation claim.

Even the average amount paid out by motorists to cover policy excesses in non-fault insurance claims runs into hundreds of pounds.

The RAC questioned over 2,000 motorists and found that almost one in five (19%) said they’d been involved in a car accident in the past five years. A clear majority (69%) said the other driver

had been at fault.

But worryingly, almost one in three motorists (29%) said they didn’t have legal expenses insurance in place to cover uninsured losses after accidents.

Those who didn’t have such cover cited all sorts of reasons, saying they thought it was too expensive, a waste of money, or they didn’t think they would ever need it.

Yet among those who did have a legal expenses insurance policy, the average claim was settled for a staggering £5,096.

RAC Legal Services say: “Many people believe that the at-fault party’s insurer will cover all the costs following a collision, but this is not the case as even in the best scenarios drivers still have to pay their excesses which could easily be £150 or more.”

Buckingham Palace Renovations Queen Elizabeth II is costing British taxpayers a bit more this year. Official financial figures reveal that overall costs have gone up in part because of a 10-year program to refit aging Buckingham Palace, the queen's official residence in central London.

Officials say many of the palace's heating, electrical and plumbing systems have not been updated since the 1950s and that extensive work is needed.

The refurbishment is urgently needed to help avert the very real danger of a catastrophic building failure such as in a flood or fire. The palace will remain open and operational during the renovation.

The royal family are to move out of the famous front wing of London’s Buckingham Palace later this year as part of a multi-

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million pound building repair project.

News of the renovations was revealed by royal aides as they gave details of the “Sovereign Grant”, the annual government handout that covers staffing costs, upkeep of royal palaces and travel expenses. The grant is based on 15 per cent of surplus revenue from the Crown Estate, a property portfolio belonging to the monarchy, from two years previously.

In 2016, this percentage was raised to 25 per cent for a decade to pay for the overhaul of Buckingham Palace.

That meant the royals received £76.1 million for 2017-18 and next year will get £82.2 million. The cost of the monarchy to every Briton last year equated to 69p, up 4p from last year.

Buckingham Palace was originally a large

house town house built in 1703 and acquired by George III in 1761. It was extended in the reign of Queen Victoria while the front was refaced in 1914 when George V was king.

The 10-year overhaul will cost £369 million ($485 million).

Anti-monarchy republicans in Britain say the true cost of the royals to taxpayers is at least £345 million a year because some items such as security are ignored. Meanwhile newspapers have often been critical of the amount spent on minor royals and travel expenses.

This year’s report revealed that by far the biggest travel expense was incurred

by Prince Charles and his wife Camilla whose trip to India, Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei amounted to £362,149.

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Royal Family Spending In 2017 The British royal family made more money in the financial year that ended on March 31, documents revealed.

The two sets of documents provided new insights into how the royal family earned, distributed and spent its money, One of the official reports, which covers the finances of Prince Charles, shows the budget category that includes funding for William, Kate and Harry increased roughly 40% to £5 million.

In recent years, Prince Charles and his wife Camilla, the Duchess of Cornwall, have increased spending in the category at more modest rates of up to 10 per cent. Charles and Camilla rely on a mix of public and private money to finance their

work and lives.

Harry’s wedding to Meghan Markle on May 19 has sparked huge public interest in their finances, but the royal family and British government have declined to give details about their wedding spending.

The reports also cover the Sovereign Grant, which is the Queen’s main source of income. The Queen received £76.1 million free of tax from the Sovereign Grant in the year ended March, a 78% increase from the previous year that will help finance an extensive 10-year renovation of Buckingham Palace. She will get another 8% boost in the current financial year.

Amir Khan To Face Samuel Vargas In September

Britain's Amir Khan will continue his comeback against Samuel Vargas in Birmingham on 8 September. The Bolton fighter did not fight for two years after a brutal defeat at the hands of Saul 'Canelo' Alvarez in 2016. Khan, 31, returned to the ring in April with a 40-second knockout of Canada's Phil lo Greco in April.

"One of my aims this year was to be as active as possible so I'm very happy to get back in the ring again so soon," said Khan. "Vargas is a tough and well-schooled fighter who has shared the ring with some top welterweights. "I have to get past Vargas before looking at the biggest challenges going forward. I'm not going to

be taking Vargas lightly because I know he will be coming with everything on September 8."

The 29-year-old Colombian's three career losses include defeats against Danny Garcia and Errol Spence Jr, who have previously knocked out Khan and Sheffield's Kell Brook.

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10 Most And Least Peaceful Countries In The World The 12th edition of the annual Global Peace Index (GPI) report, produced by the international think-tank the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP), revealed that the world is less peaceful today than at any time in the last decade.

The 2018 GPI reveals a world in which the tensions, conflicts, and crises that emerged in the last decade remain unresolved, resulting in a gradual, sustained fall in peacefulness.

The largest contributors to the deterioration in the last year were the escalations in both interstate and internal armed conflicts, rise in political terror and reduced commitment to UN peacekeeping. Syria, Afghanistan, South Sudan, Iraq and Somalia are the least peaceful countries whilst Iceland, New Zealand, Austria, Portugal and Denmark are the most peaceful countries.

Ensuring global peace is paramount to achieving the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, and ultimately eliminating extreme poverty by 2030. But unfortunately, around the world, peace is on the decline.

That’s according to the most recent iteration

of the annual Global Peace Index, which found that global peace decreased for the fourth straight year, and the eighth year within the past 10.

The report, released each year by the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP), attributed the fall in peace to “a wide range of factors, including increased terrorist activity, the intensification of conflicts in the Middle East, rising regional tensions in Eastern Europe and northeast Asia, and increasing numbers of refugees and heightened political tensions in Europe and the US.” In measuring peace, the report took three factors into account — safety and security, ongoing conflict, and militarization. Researchers found that in 2017, peace increased in 71 countries, but fell in 92.

This decrease was driven by mounting instability in Europe as countries across the continent continue to address rising concerns surrounding unprecedented migration, and continued conflicts across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.

31 WICKER, SHEFFIELD, S3 8HS

The Top 10 Most And Least Peaceful Countries Most peaceful:

Least peaceful:

Iceland New Zealand Austria Portugal Denmark Canada Czech Republic Singapore Japan Ireland

Syria Afghanistan South Sudan Iraq Somalia Yemen Libya Dem. Rep Congo Central African Rep Russia

800 Million At Risk Of Global Warming At least 800 million people living in South Asia, stand to be at risk of facing diminished living conditions due to climate change if nothing is done to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions, the World Bank warned in its recent report.

The study identified “hot spots” where the deterioration is expected to be most severe while taking into account all six countries of South Asia.

“The analyses reveal that hot spots tend to be more disadvantaged districts, even before the effects of changes in average weather are felt,” the report concluded. “Hot spots are characterized by low household consumption, poor road

connectivity, limited access to markets, and other development challenges.”

Karachi emerged in the hot spots category because higher temperatures are forecast to lower labour productivity and worsening public health. The study noted that from 1950 to 2010, south-western Pakistan has already seen average temperatures rise in the range of 1 degree Celsius to 3 degrees per year.

It predicted that across South Asia annual average temperatures are projected to rise by 2.2 degrees Celsius (3.9 degrees Fahrenheit) by 2050 under a high emissions scenario, and by 1.6 degrees Celsius if steps are taken to reduce global emissions.

Islamic Banks Call For UK Tax Reforms Islamic finance firms are putting pressure on the UK government to reform the tax system in order to provide for their growth, according to Reuters.

Islamic rules on finance prohibit interest payments and transactions often involve multiple title transfers of underlying assets, leading to double or triple tax charges.

The UK has been seeking to become a global hub for Islamic finance. Banks are asking for tax parity to enable them to compete with non-Islamic peers, for example in mortgage refinancing.

More than 20 banks offer Islamic finance in the

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UK, including Gatehouse Bank, Bank of London, Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank and Qatar Islamic Bank.

Tax treatment of Islamic bonds and residential mortgages has previously been reformed, leading to the sum of Islamic banking assets in the UK reaching over £5bn in 2016.

Concerns about refinancing mortgages triggering capital gains tax is the more pressing issue as it is affecting Islamic banks and their customers. In the short term, amendment of the Finance Act could help but in the long term a broader framework is needed to address all types of Islamic transactions.

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Best (And Worst) Airlines & Airports Of 2018

Sharifs’ Property Value Is £32M The total value of the properties of ex-prime minister Nawaz Sharif and his family is estimated at £32 million in London.

According to the revelations, Avenfield House is where super-rich Nawaz Sharif has lived when in London, since 1993. He shares this property with his two sons Hassan and Hussain, his daughter Maryam and son-in-law Captain Safdar.

Avenfield House lies in the heart of Mayfair, near the top of Park Lane, with a view of Hyde Park. The property was converted after knocking four luxury flats together to make a single mansion, now worth at least £7 million.

It is the kind of property that Russian oligarchs are buying in recent years. The family has also made huge profits on other properties which have not been included on the court papers – such as One Hyde Park Place, which Nawaz Sharif’s son Hassan sold for £43 million.

For the past few months, the Sharifs are facing a trials related to the Avenfield flats and other references in an accountability court. The National Accountability Bureau (NAB) prosecutor

has alleged the ex-PM of attaining the property with dirty money.

The family is also accused of using dirty money to buy at least 21 UK properties on top of the Avenfield flats, most at equally grand Central London locations, such as Mayfair, Chelsea and Belgravia. The total value of the properties is estimated at least £32 million.

Untangling the web of the Sharifs’ British real estate portfolio is not easy. The properties are registered via a network of offshore companies, trusts and bank accounts. According to the prosecutors in Pakistan, the Sharifs have for years moved their money in and out of Britain, Switzerland, the Middle East and the British Virgin Islands – to conceal its dishonest provenance.

It is however, not illegal to own property through an offshore company. But under Pakistan’s national accountability laws – first enacted in 1997 when Nawaz Sharif was prime minister – it is down to the Sharifs to prove their assets were acquired legitimately. Something the prosecutors claim, they have failed to do.

Asylum Seekers Are Not A ‘Burden’ For European Economies Does the arrival of asylum seekers lead to a deterioration in the economic performance and public finances of the European countries that host them? The answer is no, according to economists from a Paris University, who have estimated a dynamic statistical model based on 30 years of data from 15 countries in Western Europe.

On the contrary, the economic impact tends to be positive as a proportion of the asylum seekers become permanent residents.

During the period studied (1985-2015), Western Europe experienced a significant increase in the flows of asylum seekers following the wars in the Balkans between 1991 and 1999 and, after 2011, in the wake of the Arab Springs and the conflict in Syria. At the same time, flows of migrants, particularly EU nationals, have increased after the EU’s expansion eastwards in 2004. These events provide numerous

opportunities to test the consequences of an unforeseen increase in migration flows on GDP per capita, the unemployment rate, and public finances.

The researchers show that an increase in the flow of permanent migrants (i.e., not asylum seekers) at a given date produces positive effects up to four years after that date: GDP per capita increases, the unemployment rate falls, and additional public expenditure is more than compensated by the increase in tax revenues.

In the case of asylum seekers, no negative effect is observed and the effect becomes positive after three to five years, when a proportion of asylum seekers obtain asylum and join the category of permanent migrants.

According to these results, it is unlikely that the ongoing migration crisis is a burden for European countries; on the contrary, it could be an economic opportunity.

G7 Leaders Pledge $3Bn For Girls Education Pledges worth nearly $3 billion dollars to help vulnerable women and girls, including refugees, get an education were announced at the recently held G7 summit Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, who hosted his fellow leaders at a Quebec resort, called it “the single largest investment in education for women and girls in crisis and conflict situations.”

Canada will provide $300 million

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of the total.

The amount was more than feminists groups that met with Trudeau on the sidelines of the summit had asked for, earning the G7 praise from civil society groups and activists, including Nobel prize-winner Malala Yousafzai who said it would “give more girls hope that they can build a brighter future for themselves.”

Air travel is rough enough when everything goes right: security's a breeze, your flight’s on time, you've secured a comfy seat, and the skies are smooth. But even the slightest hiccup at the airport or aboard your flight can turn your whole travel day into a hellish nightmare, especially if it requires having to sit on the phone with a customer service agent for hours.

But obviously not all airlines -- or airports -- are created equal, and some are far more likely to throw a wrench in your plans when you're trying to skip town. So, how do you know which to avoid and which to seek out? A new study just revealed this year's best and worst airlines and airports around the world, which could do wonders to help you avoid unnecessary travel day headaches.

The rankings were created by AirHelp, a start-up that advocates for passengers' rights and compensation. They looked at the on-time performance and quality of service for 72 airlines and 141 airports around the world to determine what earned the bragging rights to top the lists. For the carrier ranking, they considered three factors: on-time performance, quality of service (according to sentiment on a variety of review sites), and a claimsprocessing score, which essentially measures how well a company handles customer complaints. In 2018, Qatar Airways is considered the No. 1 airline

Best Airlines of 2018 10. Virgin Atlantic 9. Air Malta 8. Qantas 7. Aegean Airlines 6. Austrian Airlines 5. South African Airways 4. Singapore Airlines 3. Etihad Airways 2. Lufthansa 1. Qatar Airways

in the world, followed by Lufthansa, and Etihad Airways. Shockingly (or perhaps not), not a single United States-based airline made it into the top 20.

Here's how the top 10 and worst 10 ranking breaks down.

To select the best airports in the world, AirHelp used a slightly different rubric. They looked at ontime departure stats, and quality of service (sampling online reviews for everything from terminal comfort and passenger facilities to check-in and security). They also took into account general passenger sentiment by looking at how passengers either complained or praised certain elements of their airport experience on Twitter. This year, Hama International Airport in Doha earned the number one spot (the Qataris have got it all figured out, apparently), while Greece's Athens International Airport and Japan's Haneda Airport came in at number two and three, respectively. It's worth mentioning that not a single US airport is among the top 30. Here's what the ranking looks like for both top to best and worst airports, of the 141 considered.

It's worth considering certain airports are subject to more weather-related delays or cancellations by virtue of where they're located in the world, which could theoretically factor into their position in the rankings.

Worst Airlines of 2018 63. Jet Airways 64. Aerolineas Argentinas 65. Iberia 66. Korean Air 67. Ryanair 68. Air Mauritius 69. EasyJet 70. Pakistan International Airlines 71. Royal Jordanian Airlines 72. WOW Air

Best Airports in 2018

Worst Airports in 2018

10. Mariscal Sucre International Airport (Ecuador) 9. Recife/Guararapes-Gilberto Freyre International Airport (Brazil) 8. Amman Queen Alia International Airport (Jordan) 7. Viracopos International Airport (Brazil) 6. Chubu Centrair International Airport (Japan) 5. Singapore Changi Airport (Singapore) 4. Cologne Bonn Airport (Germany) 3. Haneda Airport (Japan) 2. Athens International Airport (Greece) 1. Hamad International Airport (Qatar)

132. Eindhoven Airport (Netherlands) 133. Bordeaux Merignac (France) 134. Edinburgh Airport (Scotland) 135. Boryspil International Airport (Ukraine) 136. Manchester Airport (United Kingdom) 137. Stockolm Bromma Airport (Sweden) 138. Paris Orly (France) 139. Lyon-Saint-Exupéry Airport (France) 140. London Stansted Airport (United Kingdom) 141. Kuwait International Airport (Kuwait)

Home Office Pays Out £21m After Mistakenly Detaining 850 People The Home Office mistakenly detained more than 850 people between 2012 and 2017, some of whom were living in the UK legally, and the government was forced to pay out more than £21m in compensation as a result, officials have revealed.

Figures released to the home affairs select committee show there were 171 cases of wrongful immigration detention in 201516, triggering compensation payments totalling £4.1m, and 143 cases in 2016–17, triggering a further £3.3m in compensa-

tion. Between 2012 and 2015 a total of gets to achieve enforced removals”. £13.8m was paid out to more than 550 people after a period of unlawful immigration detention.

The document also reveals that bonuses were paid to both senior and junior Home Office staff according to whether targets for enforced removals from the country had been met. Some staff were set “personal objectives” on which bonus payments were made “linked to tar-

Page 15

Pakistan Placed On FATF ‘Grey List’ Pakistan has been officially placed on the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) 'grey list', failing the country’s efforts to avoid the designation.

The terrorism financing watchdog took the decision during a plenary meeting in Paris, arguing that Pakistan had failed to act against terror financing on its soil.

Being placed on the 'grey list' means that Pakistan's financial system will be designated as posing a risk to the international financial system because of "strategic deficiencies" in its ability to prevent terror financing and money laundering.

After being placed on the 'grey list', Pakistan will be directly scrutinised by the financial watchdog until it is satisfied by the measures taken to curb terror financing and money laundering.

Thanks to the opacity of FATF’s operations, it is uncertain what exactly Pakistan is expected to do, but what is clear is that the government has taken some steps to come into compliance with the global body’s requirements, such as proscrib-

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ing key groups, whose open operations were a bone of contention, and seizing their assets.

The country spent three years on the 'grey list' between 2012 and 2015, without the designation affecting its ability to float international bonds, borrow from multilateral bodies, receive or send remittances or conduct international trade.

The status does little more than raising the compliance burden on counterparts, such as correspondent banks, dealing with entities within Pakistan’s financial system, and therefore attaches an additional cost to many external sector transactions.

The Foreign Office said Pakistan can be removed from the FATF grey list of countries if adequate measures are taken. “We will have to ensure the implementation of the action plan shared with FATF while we are on the grey list,” FO spokesperson Dr Mohammad Faisal said. “If adequate measures are taken, we can be removed from the grey-list,” he said adding that otherwise the country will “face problems”.

The FATF has said Pakistan has made “a highlevel political commitment” to work with the global watchdog and Asia/Pacific Group on Money Laundering (APG) to strengthen its anti-money laundering (AML) and combating the financing of terrorism (CFT) regime.

Marriage Is Literally Good For The Heart Even if marriage is sometimes more a bed of nails than roses, living into old age with a partner may help ward off heart disease and stroke, say researchers.

A sweeping survey of research conducted over the last two decades covering more than two million people aged 42 to 77 found that being hitched significantly reduced the risk of both maladies, they reported in the medical journal Heart.

The study examined ethnically varied populations in Europe, North America, the Middle East and Asia, adding weight to the results.

Compared to people living in spousal union, the divorced, widowed or never married were 42 per cent more likely to develop cardiovascular disease and 16 per cent more likely to have coronary heart disease, the study found.

The risk of dying was likewise elevated for the non-married, by 42 per cent from coronary heart disease and by 55 per cent from stroke.

The results were nearly the same for men and

women, except for stroke, to which men were more susceptible.

These findings may suggest that marital status should be considered in the risk assessment for cardiovascular disease. Four-fifths of all cardiovascular disease can be attributed to a proven set of "risk factors": advanced age, being a man, high-blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and diabetes. Marriage, in other words, could be an important share of the missing 20 per cent.

More precisely, living together -- with or without a wedding band -- is probably the operative factor, if indeed conjugal status has any impact at all.

Having someone around to take care of one´s health problems and keep track of one´s meds is probably a plus, as are two incomes or pensions instead of one. More intangibly, not living alone is thought to be good for morale, and for neural stimulation. People living in couples, earlier research has shown, also have lower rates of dementia.

Page 16

Welcome To The Drivers’ Seat Saudi Arabian women celebrated being able to drive for the first time in decades Sunday, as the kingdom overturned the world’s only ban on female motorists, a historic reform expected to usher in a new era of social mobility.

The move is part of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s wide-ranging drive to modernise the conservative petrostate — but it has coincided with a sweeping crackdown on female activists who long opposed the driving ban.

The lifting of the ban, a glaring symbol of repression, is expected to be transformative for many women, freeing them from dependence on private chauffeurs or male relatives.

Some three million women in Saudi Arabia could receive licences and actively begin driving by 2020, according to consultancy firm PricewaterhouseCoopers.

The kingdom earlier began issuing its first driving licences to women in decades, with some swapping their foreign permits for Saudi ones after a practical test. A handful of female driving schools have cropped up in several cities, training women to drive cars as well as Harley Davidson motorbikes — scenes unimaginable even a year ago.

Many Saudi women have ebulliently declared plans online to drive for coffee or ice cream, a mundane experience elsewhere in the world but a dazzling novelty in the desert kingdom.

However, in a nation torn between modernity and tradition, many are also cautiously bracing for a backlash from arch-conservatives who spent decades preaching that allowing female motorists would promote promiscuity and sin.

Saudi society has been dominated by Wahhabism, a harsh strain of conservative Islam, since the 1979 seizure of the Grand Mosque of Mecca by around 400 extremists.

The decision to lift the ban was catalysed in large measure by what experts characterise as economic pain in the kingdom owing to a protracted oil slump.

The move is expected to boost women’s employment, and according to a Bloomberg estimate, add $90 billion to economic output by 2030.

Many women fear they are still easy prey for conservatives in a nation where male “guardians” — their fathers, husbands or other relatives — can exercise arbitrary authority to make decisions on their behalf.

The government has preemptively addressed concerns of abuse by outlawing sexual harassment, and authorities have sternly warned against stalking women drivers.

Prince Mohammed, appointed heir to the most powerful throne in the Middle East a year ago this month, has also lifted a ban on cinemas and mixedgender concerts, following his public vow to return the kingdom to moderate Islam.

Survey Terms India Most Dangerous Country For Women A recent survey carried out by Thomson Reuters Foundation has mentioned India as the world's most dangerous country for women due to the high risk of sexual violence.

The survey comprising 550 experts on women's issues has cited widespread sexual violence, retrograde cultural practices, and trafficking, as the reasons behind India becoming the world's most dangerous country for women.

War-torn Afghanistan and Syria ranked second and third, while Pakistan ranks sixth on the list behind Somalia and Saudia Arabia.

Between March 26 and May 04, the Thomson Reuters Foundation surveyed 548 experts on women’s issues across the globe, including academics,

health workers, policy-makers, and NGO workers.

The respondents were asked to consider the following parameters: health care, cultural traditions, discrimination, sexual violence, non-sexual violence, and human trafficking. And India came up as the worst of the lot in half of them.

Indian government’s data shows reported cases of crime against women rose by 83 per cent between 2007 and 2016, when there were four cases of rape reported every hour.

The poll was a repeat of a survey in 2011 that found experts saw Afghanistan, Democratic Republic of Congo, Pakistan, India, and Somalia as the most dangerous countries for women.

Political Sindh In Focus: Demonstrations Across The World

By Muneer Abro

World Sindhi Congress raises the issue of missing persons throughout the world. On June 21st and 22nd 2018, WSC members turned up and organized demonstrations in three cities of United States of America, in front of ‘Pakistani Consulates’ Houston, New York and Loss Angeles against enforced disappearance nationalists, human rightists and people of other minority groups in Pakistan. The purpose of the demonstration was to raise the awareness amongst American public for this heinous crime of enforced disappearance perpetrated by the security agencies of Pakistan in Sindh. The WSC members went to appear in front of Pakistani consulate London on 27th May already to raise the issue of missing persons and show the world how security agencies of Pakistan is involved into this heinous crime. The security agencies while knowing about these demonstrations internationally held by the WSC members, their houses in Pakistan came under the raids and the families were threatened with dire consequences.

For many years, the enforced disappearance in Sindh have persisted; more than 12 hundreds people have gone missing so far. There has been an upsurge in illegal detention of people in Sindh last year. Reportedly since February 2017 people, especially Sindhi nationalists belonging to JSQM, JSSM, JSSF, been forcibly abducted. Unfor-

tunately, the enforced disappearances is used as a tool to silence political dissent and to feed fear in people of particular ethnic backgrounds [Sindhi and Baloch], Said Dr Saghir Shaikh of the WSC organizer for USA. The information secretary of WSC said, “people are taken into the custody in broad daylight much in a way of kidnapping; they are kept incommunicado for months and years, and security agencies operate with utmost impunity”. Dr Safdar Sarki, a US citizen, who suffered two years of torture and detention in Gen. Musharraf’s regime, spoke about the systematic abuse of “… Sindhi nationalist party worker and other human rights defenders, while hundreds of them have been kidnapped, several dozens have been victims of extrajudicial killings”.

WSC prepared and presented memo regarding the enforced disappearances to the consulate general of New York and Houston. However, the consulate staff in Los Angles refused to take the memo. Protesters demanded of the government of Pakistan to end human rights violations and release all those missing persons from Sindh and Baluchistan, KPK. If those missing persons are involved crimes, or anti-state activities, they must be presented in courts of the law and given a chance of fair trials which is their fundamental right.

Pakistan To Launch First Indigenous Satellite In a giant leap, Pakistan will launch its first indigenous satellite next month, putting Pakistan among the nations with advanced space technology.

A Foreign Office spokesperson has said the weight of the satellite will be 285 kilograms and it will be helpful for research in geography, climate and weather. The spokesperson said it will also be used for remote sensing.

Pakistan has also kick-started an ambitious space programme for the fiscal year 2018-19 to keep an eye on the Indian side and reduce its dependence on foreign satellites for civil and military purposes.

The satellite named PakTES-1A is an indigenously developed remote sensing satellite of Pakistan. It will be launched at 610-kilometre sun-synchronous orbit in July 2018. Until now, Pakistan has been relying on the US and French satellites for civil and military communications.

In 2016, Pakistan and China had signed an agreement for the launch of a special remote-sensing satellite in 2018. The agreement was aimed at monitoring the development of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor projects.

The launching of the satellite will support Pakistan’s efforts for self-reliance amid tensions with the US. Only last month, the two countries had imposed tit-for-tat travel restrictions on each other’s diplomats suggesting a new low in their troubled ties.

In January, the US suspended security assistance to Pakistan targeting the Coalition Support Fund.

Pakistan responded sharply saying it was not dependent on US aid for the war on terror.

The foreign ministry said Pakistan had fought the war against terrorism largely from its own resources “which has cost over $ 120 billion in 15 years.”

Saudi Government Will Imprison Overstaying Umrah Pilgrims Saudi Government announced that they will jail Umrah pilgrims who will overstay in the country.

Ministry of Religious Affairs said that Umrah piligrims will face 6 months jail or fine of 50,000 Saudi Riyals. However, it will be implement on pilgrims who will remain in Saudi Arabia after the expiry of Umrah visa. The Ministry said that extra imprisonment will impose if they failed to submit the fine. They further added that if Umrah pilgrims will not return within the given time

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frame then the license of tour operators will be cancelled.

Ministry of Religious Affairs and Interfaith Harmony officials revealed that Saudi General Directorate of Passport already issued a warning.

However, it is for pilgrims to follow their travel schedules.

According to the policy, people who will arrive on Umrah visa will not be allowed to travel outside Jeddah, Makkah, and Madinah.

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OfCom Finds Lack Of Diversity Across Radio Industry’s Workforce Women, ethnic minorities and disabled people are all under-represented in the radio industry, a new study by Ofcom has found.

The media watchdog's study, Diversity and Equal Opportunities in Radio, found that 37% of senior management roles in radio are held by women, while 6% of the entire industry is occupied by ethnic minority employees and 5% by people who are disabled.

The study of 16 radio organisations, including industry leaders the BBC, Bauer and Global, spanned just under 9,000 employees, around half of which work at the BBC. While women are well-represented across the industry as a whole, with 51% jobs at all levels being taken up by women, the numbers dwindle higher up the chain.

Ofcom said it found that 62% of senior managers are male, rising to 81% at board level.

In terms of the roles taken by each gender, the majority of technical and engineering positions are taken by men (81%), as well as more than half (52%) of programming roles, while women contribute more greatly to marketing (70%), support (66%) and sales (63%) roles.

The 6% of ethnic minority employees working in radio is in contrast to the 14% of people from ethnic minority backgrounds in the wider UK population, Ofcom said.

Of the broadcasters who provided data to the study, ethnicity data was only provided for 86% of employees and, of the small amount of data

received at board level, there is no representation of anybody from an ethnic minority background.

While the report found that around 5% of people working in radio consider themselves to be disabled compared to 18% of the population, Ofcom said that disability data is missing for more than a third (38%) of the industry's workforce so it was "difficult to draw absolute conclusions".

The watchdog said that all 16 organisations provided information on employees' gender for the report.

However, because only 11 broadcasters submitted ethnicity and disability data, which then still had gaps in information, Ofcom said that "many radio companies do not fully understand the wider make-up of their workforce".

Ofcom said that the findings show that some radio organisations are making progress to improve representation, but that the industry as a whole can learn from grassroots community stations, "which are embracing diversity and inclusion through innovative training, recruitment and editorial initiatives".

The regulatory body said that organisations must regularly measure and monitor their workforce's make-up and set clear diversity targets, among its suggestions to improve representation.

Ofcom also said it will work with radio broadcasters to help with the quality of their workforce data and in developing equal opportunities arrangements.

68.5 Million People Displaced Worldwide A record 68.5 million people have been forced flee their homes due to war, violence and persecution, notably in places like Myanmar and Syria, the UN has said.

By the end of 2017, the number was nearly three million higher than the previous year and showed a 50-percent increase from the 42.7 million uprooted from their homes a decade ago, according to a report by the UN refugee agency.

The current figure is equivalent to the entire population of Thailand, and the number of people forcibly displaced equates to one in every 110 persons worldwide, it said.

The report showed that 16.2 million people were freshly displaced last year, and included those forced to flee for the first time as well as those who had been previously displaced. This equates to some 44,500 people being pushed out of their homes every day — or one person every two seconds, UNHCR said.

Most people flee within their own country, and are defined as internally displaced people, or IDPs. By the end of 2017, there were some 40 million IDPs worldwide, down slightly from previous years, with Colombia, Syria and Democratic Republic of Congo accounting for the greatest numbers.

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Another 25.4 million people — more than half of them children — were registered as refugees last year. That is nearly three million more than in 2016, and the highest known total to date.

Syria’s seven-year conflict alone had, by the end of last year, pushed more than 6.3 million people out of the country, accounting for nearly onethird of the global refugee population. Another 6.2 million Syrians are internally displaced.

The second largest refugee-producing country in 2017 was Afghanistan, whose refugee population grew by five percent during the year to 2.6 million people.

The increase was due mainly to births and more Afghans being granted asylum in Germany, UNHCR said.

South Sudan meanwhile saw the largest increase last year, with the number of refugees fleeing the world’s youngest nation soaring from 1.4 million at the beginning of the year to 2.4 million at the end.

Refugees from Myanmar more than doubled last year to 1.2 million, as a brutal army crackdown forced hundreds of thousands of Rohingya Muslims to pour across the border into Bangladesh.

The report also highlighted large-scale displacements in Iraq, Somalia, Sudan, and DR Congo among others. And as Israel marks 70 years of independence, there are some 5.4 million Palestinians still living as refugees.

Despite the focus on migrant numbers arriving in Europe and the United States, a full 85 percent of refugees are living in low- and middle-income countries like Lebanon, Pakistan and Uganda.

Turkey was hosting by far the largest number of refugees, with 3.5 million registered there by the end of 2017, most of them Syrians.

World Environment Day Calls For Ban On Plastic Plastic has been highlighted as one of the biggest environmental threats facing the world by the UN in a call to action issued to mark World Environment Day earlier this month. While emphasising the success of many international efforts to tackle plastic waste, the organisation described how the “scourge of plastic” has reached every corner of the Earth.

In a report billed as the most comprehensive yet to examine global government strategies against the “scourge”, UN experts called for concerted action to “beat plastic pollution”. Presenting case studies from more than 60 countries, the UN analysis explored the different strategies being implemented and suggested measures that policymakers can take to

curb the problem. The report found 30 per cent of the nations that had introduced restrictions on plastic bags had seen substantial declines in bag consumption in the first year following the action.

It is also found that if present trends continue, by 2050 our oceans will have more plastic than fish.

The Sheffield housing shortage 11 babies have been born for every new home that has been built in Sheffield since 2012, deepening the Sheffield housing shortage.

This discovery is an important foundation for concerns about the future of the Sheffield property market - when you consider the battle that todays twenty and thirty somethings face in order to buy their first home and get on the Sheffield property ladder. This is particularly ironic as these Sheffield youngsters are being born in an age when the number of new babies born to new homes was far lower.

This will mean the babies being born now, who will become the next generation’s first-time buyers will come up against even bigger competition from a greater number of their peers unless we move to long term fixes to the housing market, instead of the short term fixes that successive Governments have done since the 1980’s.

In 2016, 5.99 babies were born in Sheffield for every home that had been built in the five years to the end of 2016 (the most up to date data).

Interestingly, that ratio nationally was 2.9 babies to every home built in the ‘50s and 2.4 in the ‘70s.

Our children, and their children, will be placed in an unprecedented and unbelievably difficult position when wanting to buy their first home unless decisive action is taken.

As life expectancy grows year on year, it places excessive pressure on the availability of homes to live in, along with the normal population growth nationally.

The only long-term measure that will help is the building of more new homes on a scale not seen since the 50’s and 60’s, which means we would need to aim to at least double the number of homes we build annually.

In the meantime, what does this mean for Sheffield landlords and homeowners? Well the demand for rental properties in Sheffield in the short term will remain high and until the rate of building grows substantially, this means rents will remain strong and correspondingly, property values will remain robust.

Unusually High Pollen Count Pollen levels were unusually high in recent weeks, with as many as 20 million hay fever and asthma sufferers impacted. But the worst may be yet to come, according to the Met Office, which alongside partner organizations, operates the only pollen-monitoring network in the UK and produces specialist forecasts that help support allergy and hay fever sufferers through the most difficult time of the year. And the reason for this summer of sneezing is grass pollen, which is just about to reach its peak.

Grass is the most common cause of hay fever in the UK, affecting 95% of sufferers and there are over 150 different species of grass in Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

New research from the Met Office has revealed that two-fifths of hay fever sufferers (41%) suffer so badly that it ruins their whole summer. Surprisingly though, more than half (57%) of hay fever sufferers admit they don’t know what type of pollen affects them, meaning they are not armed with the know-how to help combat their grass allergy.

Worse still, according to the poll of 2,000 British hay fever sufferers, many are exacerbating their symptoms unnecessarily. Indeed, a third (35%) of respondents said they frequently hang washing out to dry in the summer, seemingly unaware that pollen sticks to their clothes. A further 40% said they leave their windows open to cool their home in the summer, an act that lets pollen inside. Amazingly, only 49% of sufferers said they

take antihistamines to relieve their hay fever – battling through symptoms throughout their day.

The research also showed that it has a considerable impact on people’s lives. A third (32%) said that whenever symptoms strike it puts them in a bad mood, whilst a fifth (23%) said it caused them physical and mental distress. A third (34%) said that despite their symptoms being bad enough to take a sick day, they feel too embarrassed to take time off, believing the ailment is not taken seriously.

There is currently no cure for hay fever and you can't prevent it. But you can do things to help ease your symptoms when the pollen count is high. You can try putting Vaseline around your nostrils to trap pollen, wear wraparound sunglasses to stop pollen getting into your eyes and stay indoors whenever possible.

For help in managing your symptoms, you should seek advice from your local pharmacist, who can suggest the best treatments, like antihistamine drops, tablets or nasal sprays.

Record numbers of people are now suffering from hay fever, with allergic rhinitis now the most common form of non-infectious rhinitis, affecting up to 30% of all adults and as many as 40% of children. With grass pollen season now in its peak, sufferers need to take appropriate precautions.

That means checking the Met Office’s pollen forecast before heading outside, taking necessary medication as allergies occur and trying to avoid activities that will exacerbate symptoms.

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Women Pilots In Pakistan Take Social Media By Storm A picture of Captain Maryam Masood and First Officer Shumaila Mazhar has gone viral and social media can’t stop praising the women - Pakistan International Airlines’ (PIA) female pilots who flew through a difficult route between Islamabad and Gilgit, Pakistan.

The airline tweeted a picture of smiling Captain Maryam Masood and First Officer Shumaila Mazhar and wrote: “The flight to Gilgit is very challenging and requires a lot of precision and technique. Our dynamic duo, Captain Maryam Masood and First Officer Shumaila Mazhar make it look so easy as they fly through the mountains celebrating the beauty of our northern areas! Way to go! #PIA”.

Twitter Ads info and privacy The post has since gone viral, with almost

3,000 retweets and over 9,000 likes.

Gilgit lies in a narrow valley and is the main city in Pakistan’s mountainous Gilgit-Baltistan region. The airstrip at Gilgit airport is considered quite dangerous, as it is extremely short and located at the end of a slope.

Pakistani Priest Appointed Cardinal

By Pope Francis In Vatican Pakistan’s Archbishop Joseph Coutts is one of the 14 new cardinals presented with traditional red hats and new responsibilities by Pope Francis at a ceremony in Vatican City on June 28.

The selection of the Archbishop of Karachi is a proud moment for Pakistan. The Christian community is surprised and pleased by the decision. Coutts is known as ‘great promoter of dialogue between Christians and Muslims.’

A Pakistani Christian community leader, Father Emmanuel Yousuf remarked that, “He (Coutts) established multiple forums and networks for interreligious dialogue between Muslims and Christians, striving for acceptance by the general population and increased understanding by political and religious leaders.”

Another Pakistani Christian leader, Mgr Joseph Arshad, said: “Cardinal Coutts is a strong voice for minorities in Pakistan. Moreover, he is a very humble, simple and courageous person.”

Coutts is the second Pakistani archbishop to be honoured with the position after Cardinal Joseph Cordeiro, who passed away in 1994.

The new cardinals in the Catholic Church come from Italy (three), and one each from Poland, Portugal, Madagascar, Iraq, Pakistan, Japan, Peru and Spain.

Each cardinal received huge applause but there was

strong appreciation particularly for those from Christian minority countries including Iraq, Japan and especially Cardinal Joseph Coutts from Pakistan.

In Pakistan, there are about one million Catholics among the 2.5 million Christians in the country’s 200 million people, the vast majority of whom are Muslims.

Coutts is a doctor of philosophy and is fluent in several languages including English, Italian, German, French, Urdu, Punjabi and Sindhi. He served as the National Director of Caritas Pakistan, and has been working towards promoting dialogue between Christians and Muslims. He also serves as the president of Pakistan Catholic Bishops Conference. Cardinal Coutts was ordained a priest in Lahore in January 1971 after receiving his training at Christ the King seminary in Karachi.

Instagram Hits One Billion User Mark Instagram has said it now has more than one billion active users, less than a year after it reported reaching the 800 million mark in September 2017. The number highlights the surging growth of the Facebook-owned social network which allows users to share photos and video.

Since its launch in 2010, the world has watched with amazement as the community has flourished and grown.

Instagram has now hit the same milestone as other Facebook-owned social aps - including Messenger (1.3bn), WhatsApp (1.5bn) and Facebook itself which has 2.2 billion users.

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instagram also announced a new feature enabling some users to share long-form videos up to one-hour long. It means Instagram's video time limit increases from one minute to 10 minutes for most users.

Accounts with large audiences will be able to distribute programmes lasting up to an hour. Video will be available through Instagram or a new app called IGTV which will give Facebook more opportunities to sell advertising.

Instagram was launched just eight years ago. It is especially popular with younger people.

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NHS England To Stop ‘Ineffective’ Treatments Tonsils removal, breast reductions and snoring surgery will be offered to far fewer patients from next year, under plans being drawn up by NHS England.

Officials are to discuss proposals to stop or reduce 17 routine procedures deemed to be "ineffective or risky". The treatment will be offered only if it is judged to be of "compelling" benefit and there are no alternatives.

NHS England said the move would affect about 100,000 people every year and free up an estimated £200m. Patients at risk of serious harm from their condition will continue to be offered treatment.

It follows reviews last year to save £190m from supplying over-the-counter medications and treatments described as "low value".

The announcement comes as thousands of people gathered in central London to mark the 70th anniversary of the NHS and demonstrate against cuts to the health service. Organisers of the rally, which include the People's Assembly - which campaigns against austerity cuts - and unions, are calling for more money for the NHS. NHS England says for most of the 17 procedures under consideration, alternative treatments including physiotherapy, a minor injection or change of diet are likely to be effective. It says the savings made by not carrying out the procedures will be reinvested in better frontline cancer, mental health and other critical services.

It is proposed four treatments will be offered only when a patient makes an individual request.

These include surgery for snoring, where there is said to be only limited clinical evidence of ef-

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Pakistan Election 2018: ECP Publishes Candidates’ Final Lists The Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) has published the final list of candidates and allotted them election symbols as per schedule.

June 30 was the last day for publication of the final lists of candidates and allotment of election symbols. A day earlier the candidates had the opportunity to withdraw their nomination papers.

A total of 21,482 candidates had filed nomination papers this time and several have withdrawn. For 2013 general elections, over 28,000 nomination papers were filed.

fectiveness and which poses significant risks to patients. The others are: dilatation and curettage for heavy menstrual bleeding, knee arthroscopies for osteoarthritis and injections for non-specific back pain.

A further 13 procedures will only to be offered when specific criteria are met: Breast reduction Removal of benign skin lesions Grommets for Glue Ear Tonsillectomy for sore throats Haemorrhoid surgery Hysterectomy for heavy menstrual bleeding Chalazia (lesions on eyelids) removal Removal of bone spurs for shoulder pain Carpal tunnel syndrome release Dupuytren's contracture release for tightening of fingers Ganglion excision - removal of noncancerous lumps on the wrist or hand Trigger finger release Varicose vein surgery NHS England plans to consult publicly on the proposals between 4 July and 28 September, with changes planned to start in 2019-20.

The Election Commission has given green light to a total of 76 candidates to contest for the three seats of National Assembly from Islamabad in the upcoming general elections. According to the final list of candidates, out of these three constituencies, the highest number of 36 contestants are vying from NA-53. However, it is quite obvious the real contest will mainly be between the PTI Chairman Imran Khan and former prime minister Shahid Khaqan Abbasi.

Viruses Common Cause Of Meningitis Viruses are the most common cause of meningitis in adults and a cause of substantial long-term ill health in Britain, says a study.

Meningitis is an acute inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges. The study shows that viral meningitis is now a major cause of meningitis, but often the management is not quite right. It’s a concerning finding that so many unnecessary brain scans are taking place before lumbar pucture, and that these appear to be delaying the correct diagnosis.

For the study, the researchers studied the diagnosis and treatment of more than 1,000 patients with suspected meningitis. The majority of patients (81 per cent) had a brain scan and 70 per

cent of those took place before lumbar puncture, otherwise known as a spinal tap.

The researchers found that patients who were investigated promptly with lumbar puncture – which is the essential investigation to determine the cause of the illness, were also more likely to have a specific cause of meningitis identified and to spend less time in a hos-

pital.

They also found that overall, the specific virus or bacteria causing the illness was not identified for 43 per cent of patients.

Being able to quickly determine which bacteria or virus is causing the illness is essential for the appropriate treatment of patients, the researchers noted.

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Boxer Amir Khan Launches Pakistan’s Super Boxing League

British Pakistani boxer, Amir Khan, launched Pakistan’s first ever professional boxing league called the Super Boxing League (SBL) in Karachi.

At a star-studded event held at Karachi’s Marriot hotel on June 21, Amir Khan unveiled his vision for the event supported by the British businessman Bill Dosanjh.

Amir will jointly work closely with the CEO ARY Digital Network, Salman Iqbal, in the role as SBL chairmen.

The SBL will be a tournament of eight teams which are owned by cricketing and showbiz celebrities in the country.

It is sanctioned by the World Boxing Council (WBC) along with official partners, Sports Board Punjab (Pakistan) and media partners ARY. With the huge talent and hunger for boxing in Pakistan, the athletes are in need of the right platform to help them turn professional. SBL is tipped as the answer to help support their goals and dreams.

Khan feels that he wants to support boxing in Pakistan with the right training and attitude to help produce more boxing champions in the country who can compete at a professional level.

I’m a Celebrity star, Khan, has visited Pakistan on many occasions supporting many development projects but this will be close to his heart, since, boxing is his forte.

In a statement he said: “I believe Pakistan can produce many Muhammad Alis.”

Co-founder and CEO Bill Dosanjh said at the announcement of the league: “Unless you don’t create a good ecosystem, the sport does not grow. A 100 gyms are going to be opened over the next five years and each state will open five gyms. So what that does it, it gives grassroots development programmes.”

Khan was joined by his wife Faryal Makhdoom at the event in Karachi.

Speaking about how this new league is not conflicting with the Pakistan Boxing Federation (PBF), Amir said at the launch:

“Pakistan Boxing Federation is an AIBA – Amateur International Boxing Association. They are associated with them. We are separate. We are a professional boxing league. So, we are totally different. So, in a way we are not jumping on their back. They’re not coming our way.

“What the Pakistan Boxing Federation should do, they should focus on the Olympics. Taking boxers to the Olympics. Taking boxers to the amateur championships. It’s like two different sports.”

Reports say that PBF will not be supporting the SBL initiative launched by Amir Khan and Bill Dosanjh.

The eight teams in the Super Boxing League will feature 96 boxers in total with ten male and two female boxers competing in the league. Each team will be allowed to have three foreign fighters.

The teams are named after major cities in Pakistan and include Islamabad, Karachi, Multan, Lahore, Peshawar, Faisalabad, Sialkot and Quetta.

Owners of the teams who have invested in the franchises include major names in Pakistani cricket and entertainment.

Shahid Afridi owns Pakhtoon Warriors, famous pacer Wasim Akram bought Multan Nawabs, popular Bollywood and Qawwali singer Rahat Fateh Ali Khan owns Faisalabad Falcons and ARY CEO Salman

Iqbal and actor Fahad Mustafa jointly own Karachi Cobras.

There will be five male fights and one female fight in each of the six matches to ensure diverse representation in the tournament.

For the first season of the Super Boxing League, categories featured will include 57kg Featherweight, 66.7kg Welterweight, 72.57 Middleweight, 76.2kg Super Middleweight, unlimited Heavyweight and 52.16 Super flyweight for the women boxers.

For complete transparency, the SBL tournament will be supervised by the WBC which will feature the best of Pakistani and international boxing talent.

Super Boxing League tournament will take place between September 28, 2018, to November 3, 2018, at the Amir Khan Boxing Academy in Islamabad, Pakistan.

5 Things Learner Drivers Need To Know Before Driving On The Motorway From June, learner drivers have been allowed to take motorway driving instructor using the 'Find driving lessons, schools and instructors' service on GOV.UK. driving lessons with an approved driving instructor.

Lessons are voluntary Any driving lessons on the motorway will be voluntary. Some people won't want to take lessons on the motorway or don't live close enough to one for it to be practical, but it's a good opportunity to further develop your skills and experience before driving on your own.

Driving with an approved driving instructor Any lessons you take on the motorway must be with a DVSA approved driving instructor. You won't be able to practise with friends or family on the motorway.

You can check if your driving instructor is a DVSA approved by checking that they have a green DVSA badge. This is usually displayed in their vehicle's windscreen. You can find an approved

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The Highway Code is changing Rule 253 of The Highway Code was updated on 4 June 2018 to explain learner drivers are allowed on the motorway with an ADI in a car with dual controls.

Deciding when you're ready Your driving instructor will let you know when you have the right skills and experience to drive in a high-speed environment, like the motorway. They won't take you for motorway lessons until you are ready.

Taking Pass Plus lessons You can still take Pass Plus lessons with your instructor once you've passed your test. Pass Plus is a good way to gain more experience driving in different conditions.

‘Space Kingdom’ Seeks Citizens For Life Beyond Earth Feel like the world is going to the dogs? Want to get away from it all? Here’s a solution: become a citizen of the nation of Asgardia and hope it makes good on its promise to colonize the moon.

Asgardia was founded just 20 months ago, and it already has about 200,000 citizens, a constitution and an elected parliament. It has a leader, Igor Ashurbeyli, who was inaugurated recently.

It also has grandiose ambitions. It wants to build up a population of 150 million within 10 years. It plans to set up “space arks” with artificial gravity in outer space where humans could live permanently.

Asgardia - named after Asgard, a world in the sky in Norse mythology - says its citizens now live in more than 200 countries, outnumbering the United Nations’ 193 member states. Becoming a citizen online is free.

It wants to attract the 2 per cent of the world’s population that is “most creative”. Asked how that was working out so far, Ashurbeyli said, “Citizenship selection will continue. It might even involve IQ tests.”

Ashurbeyli said he intends to have satellites providing Internet access around the globe in five to seven years, space arks operating in 10 to 15 years, and finally to establish a permanent settlement on the moon within 25 years.

Asgardians now pay an annual membership fee of 100 euros. It plans to collect taxes on businesses and private income, which it says will be kept very low.

Manchester Airport Drop-Off Charges Manchester Airport is now charging for drop-offs.

From June, drivers are being charged £3 for five minutes on the forecourts of the terminals and train station, or £4 for a maximum 10 minutes.

There is no change to arrangements for picking people up, with those collecting passengers asked to park in the car parks at each terminal, which already cost £4 for 30 minutes.

Drivers can get past the fee by driving to a ‘new drop-off zone’ almost a mile away from where passengers will be transferred via a designated free shuttle bus to the terminals.

The airport has confirmed Blue Badge holders will be able to dropoff outside the terminals free of charge.

Nearly five million passengers from Yorkshire fly from Manchester Airport each year. Pakistan’s capital city of Islamabad was the most booked route for Yorkshire passengers, with flights to Lahore in the Punjab province, number 10. In second place was the Florida city of Orlando, with New York was third and Dubai fourth.

Also in the top 10 were the Mexican party resort of Cancun, Cathay Pacific’s route to Hong Kong, and flights to Singapore, Barbados and Las Vegas.

Manchester Airport also now has direct flights to China, with regular routes to the capital of Beijing, as well as flights linking Northern business with Silicon Valley in the shape of a route to San Francisco, California.

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