APA Literature Review Sample

Howar eI ndi vi dual sLi vi ngwi t hChr oni c I l l nessTr eat edWi t hi nt hei rFami l i esAf t er Di agnosi s?

Li t er at ur eRevi ew Chr oni cphysi calandment ali l l nessesar esepar at el yr evi ewedher eduet ot he di f f er encesbet weent het wo.I nt hi spaper , t heywi l lal sobecompar edagai nsteach ot heri nor dert odoacr ossanal ysi sbet weent hedi f f er encesandsi mi l ar i t i eswi t h t hewayi nwhi chf ami l ymember sar et r eat eddependi ngont het ypeofi l l nesst hat t heyhav e.

Chr oni cPhysi calI l l ness Chr oni cphysi cal i l l nessv ar yi ni nt ensi t yandt ypes, butt her ei sonechar act er i st i c i ncommon.Thesei l l nessesr ecurt hr ought i me,t ypi cal l yatr andom i nt er v al s.The uncer t ai nt yt hatusual l y comes al ong wi t h a di agnosi s can i nt ensel yi mpact r el at i onshi psandcommuni cat i onwi t hi nt hef ami l y .

Mar r i agei st hef oundat i onofmostf ami l i esacr ossdi f f er entcul t ur es.

Maki ngsur e t hatt hemar i t al bondst aysst r ongi squi t echal l engi ngwhenamemberoft hef ami l y f acesachr oni cphysi cal i l l ness.

Achr oni cphysi cal i l l nessmaychanget heev er y day l i f e and i nt er act i on of t he ent i r ef ami l yt r emendousl yi n or der t o at t empt under st andi nghowt hosewhohav ebeendi agnosedandt r eat edal r eadyconduct ed ar oundr el ev antcommuni cat i onpr ocesses.BashandAr ki nson( 2007)f oundt hat amongcoupl est hatt al kaboutt hedi r ect i onandnat ur eoft hei rr el at i onshi p, coupl es whoar echr oni cal l yi l lexper i encedmor ebenef i tcompar edt ocoupl est hatdi dnot i ncl udesomebodywhohadsomechr oni cphysi cal i l l ness.

Thi sl i t er at ur eonl ypr ov es t hati nascenar i owher ei naspousei schr oni cal l yi l l ,i ti sv er yi mpor t antt ouse communi cat i oni nmaki ngeachot herawar eofspeci f i ct hi ngssuchast hei rf eel i ngs abouta cer t ai n si t uat i on,orwhatone expect s orneeds f r om t hei rpar t ner s.

Expr essi ngaboutt hest at usoft her el at i onshi pcanbepar t i cul ar l yhel pf ul f orpeopl e whoar echr oni cal l yi l lespeci al l ywheni tcomest oexpr essi ngf ear sr el at edt ot hei r mar r i ageandt hei ri l l ness.

BeanandUmal i( 2009)suggest edt hatasocal l edcol l abor at i v et al ki st heki ndof communi cat i onwhi chi scor r el at edcommonl ywi t hposi t i v er esul t s.Thi sonl ygoes t oshowt hati ti sv er yi mpor t antf oral l mar r i edcoupl est ot al kaboutt hei ri ssuesand si t uat i onal t oget heri nor dert okeept hei rr el at i onshi pv er yst r ongbecauset hese t act i cshav eal r eadybeenpr ov ent obev al uabl ef ort hecoupl e.Shi m andSi mon ( 2015)add t ot hi sf ur t herby expl ai ni ng t hatcoupl es who ar e awar e oft he expect at i onsoft hei rpar t ner sr egar di ngcommuni cat i onwi t hi nt hemar r i agear e mor esuccessf uli n pr ovi di ng suppor tt o oneanot her .Al so,bei ng awar eoft he desi r esoft hei rpar t ner sandbei ngabl et of ul f i l l t hem i si mpor t antt owar dsachi evi ng sat i sf act i oni nt hef unct i oni ngoft her el at i onshi p.Mar i t alshar i ngandcopi ngi snot j ustl i mi t edt ot het al kwi t hi nt her el at i onshi p.

Anot herv er ypower f ul wayofdoi ngso i st hr oughnar r at i v es.

Nar r at i v esi ssomet hi ngt hati sr ecogni z edst r ongl yandof t enpr ai sedt hr ough l i t er at ur esonchr oni cphysi cali l l nesses.Var i ousst udi es( Fr ee&Chapman,2008; Ot t enson&Scot t ,2005;Di ckson&Wal ker ,2006)st r esst hepr i mar yi mpor t anceof communi cat i ngwi t hnar r at i v esf ort heheal i ngpr ocessoft hef ami l y .Nar r at i v esar e v er ybenef i ci alsi ncet heyal l ow st udi esandr esear cht ocapt ur esomeper sonal account s ofdi sease,l et t i ng t he i l lper son actas a gat ekeeperoft hei rown i nf or mat i onr egar di ngt hei ri l l ness.Ot t ensonandScoot( 2005)st at et hatt hosewho ar edeal i ngwi t hchr oni cphysi cali l l nessesar emor el i kel yt oshar eact i v el yi ft hei r per cept i onsandf eel i ngsar econf i r medbyot her s,especi al l yf ami l yandf r i ends.

Some chr oni ci l l nesses r esul tt o a negat i v e soci al st i gma,and r ecei vi ng conf i r mat i ont hatpeopl ewi l l t ur noutt ober espect f ul i sv er yi mpor t anti nget t i ngt he pat i entt oshar eandopenupr egar di ngt hei rexper i ences.

St or yt el l i ngandnar r at i v es hel pf ami l i est o ef f ect i v el ycommuni cat er egar di ng t hechangest hatt heyhav e exper i enced and hav et aken pl ace i nt he f ami l y .Ot t enson and Scoot( 2005) concl udedt hatt hechangi ngi dent i t ywhi l ef aci ngt hei l l nessnev erst ops.I nf act , i t i sendl esswheel ofdev el opment .

Shar i ngvi anar r at i v esi ncasesofdi f f er entchr oni c physi cali l l nesshast hepossi bi l i t yofexper i enci ngbet t ercommuni cat i oni nt he f ami l ybecauset hepat i entcanconci sel yandcl ear l yexpl ai nwhati scur r ent l ygoi ng onwi t ht hem f r om t hei rper sonalper spect i v e.

Thi s can si gni f i cant l y hel pt he f ami l y det er mi ne whatt he pat i enthas been t hr ough,whi l eunder st andi ng new i dent i t i est hatar eemer gi ng.Howev er ,Losch ( 1982)poi nt s outa v er yi mpor t antpar adox expl ai ni ng t hatpat i ent s may be empower edbyexpl ai ni nganar r at i v eaccountoft hei rst or y , andot her smayal sof eel anxi ousf r om r emember i ngt hosemoment swi t hi nt hei rl i f e.Asexpl ai nedbyGr et hel andSat chki nson( 1992) , whent hepar t i ci pant susedcommuni cat i oni nr educi ngt he f eart hatt heyf eelr egar di ngt hei ri l l ness,t heywer emostl i kel yt ocommuni cat e r egar di ngt hei ri l l nessbet t er .

Wi nsyandDent on( 2006)showt hatnar r at i v esar ev er y i mpor t anti nmeet i ngt heexpect at i onsandunder st andi ngoft hef ami l ymember s whent heyexper i encechr oni ci l l ness.Mostof t en, peopl ewi l l al sof aceexpect at i ons f ort hei rf ami l ymember s wi t houtev en expr essi ng t hem v er bal l y ,l eavi ng t hem conf usedmor eof t enr egar di ngt hedi r ect i ont hatt heyneedt ot ake.Howev er , af or m ofst or yt el l i ngornar r at i v ei ncasesofchr oni cphysi cal i l l nessmayal sor ef l ectsome oft heunf ul f i l l edneedsoft hepat i ent s, hel pi ngf ami l ymember st odet er mi net hem.

Ont heot herhand,achr oni cment ali l l nesscanbequi t edi f f i cul tf orf ami l i est o dealwi t h, gi v eni t snegat i v esoci alconnot at i onsi nmostsoci et i esal lov ert hewor l d t oday .Af ami l ymembersuf f er i ngf r om chr oni cment ali l l nessmayl eadt oconst ant moni t or i ngandcar e,dependi ngont hei nt ensi t yandt hei l l ness.Assuch,f ami l i es mayendupf i ndi ngi tdi f f i cul tt odealwi t hunder st andi ngt hedi agnosi sofchr oni c ment ali l l nessduet ot henumberofchal l engespr esent ed.( Smi t h, 2009) .

Ref er ences Bash, J. , &Ar ki nson, W. R. ( 2007) .

Dy adi cadj ust mentr equi r edi nchr oni ci l l ness.

Doesi tmat t ert oengagei nr el at i onshi pt al ks?Fami l yPsy chol ogy Jour nal , 21( 5) , 467471.doi :12.

3534656123.

12.

3.

4543 Bean,G. A. ,&Umal i ,R.( 2009) .A dev el opment almodelofmar r i edcoupl esdeal i ngwi t hchr oni ci l l ness.TheBul l et i nofPsy chol ogy ,135( 8) , 922956.

Di ckson,W. E. ,&Wal ker ,G. A.( 2006) .Copi ngt echni quesamongcancerpat i ent s:I magi nedi nt er act i onsandact ualcommuni cat i ons.Heal t h Communi cat i on.4, 257268.

Fr ee,G. A. ,&Chapman,E. G.( 2008) .Cul t ur al l ybasedappr oachesi nf ami l i esandi t spr act i ces.Cont empor ar ySoci alSer vi cesJour nal .45( 5) , 200210.

Gr et hel , D. F . , &Sat chki nson, G. ( 1992) .

Docommuni cat i onst yl esmoder at ei nt er act i onbet weenmember soft hef ami l i es?Fami l yCommuni cat i on Jour nal , 12, 153144.doi :10.

1080/ 2352352.

123.

2141 Losch, A. D.( 1982) .Communi cat i onr esear chquest i ons:f i ndi nganswer s.NewYor k:ABCPr ess.

Shi m,A. ,& Si mon,W.( 2015) .Car i ng f orcar egi v er s ofi ndi vi dual s wi t h ment ali l l ness.Jour nalofPsy chi at r y .58( 5) ,223229.doi : 10.

355/ 124135.

5436 Ot t enson, Q. , &Scot t , A.( 2005_ .Heal i ngandnar r at i v es.Expl or i ngt hepossi bi l i t i es.Heal t hCommuni cat i on.17( 4) , 135145.

Wi nsy , A. , &Dent on, Y .( 2006) .Thecancerj our nal s.Fl or i da:Sheba.

Smi t h, T .( 2009) .St i gmaandsoci aldi sr upt i on–net wor kdynami csi nment ali l l nesses.Soci alandPer sonalPsy chol ogy .33( 2) , 2334.