Two worlds, one thougt - LEVS architecten

Two worlds, one thought LEVS architecten reflects on work in Mali and the Netherlands

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IF WALLS COULD SPEAK

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Two worlds, one thought

A brick wall in the middle of Amsterdam’s city-centre and

a mud wall in the Malian dessert. Worlds apart, you might think. Of course, over four thousand kilometres separate the two, let alone cultural differences. Yet both walls are made with the same design philosophy in mind. Both require expertise, knowledge of raw materials, an understanding of local culture, a sense of aesthetics, and insight into a society’s needs at one particular time and place.

The desire to live, work and learn com¬fortably is universal.

Two worlds, one thought com¬pares our work in the Netherlands to that in Mali, where we have built schools, homes and wells in the Dogon region. We aim to show how we do not simply export ‘Dutch Design’, but work locally on integrative projects. And, perhaps surprisingly, when it comes to helping societies to take shape, the right approaches turn out to be more similar than one might expect.

LEVS architecten, Amsterdam

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ABC Center for Architecture Haarlem

COLOFON Two worlds, one thought is a LEVS architecten publication, and appears after the exhibition, by the same name, at the ABC Centre for Architecture Haarlem, in collaboration with Stichting Dogon Onderwijs.

Concept, editing, and design LEVS architecten Photography Various, see www.levs.nl Text Willemijn de Jonge – Mijnwerk Cover image CIIID, LEVS architecten English translation Thijs van Stigt The exhibition Two worlds, one thought was made possible by Stichting Dogon Onderwijs (SDO), Oskam v/f and Koopmans | TBI 4

Our exhibition at ABC Haarlem ran from September till November 2015. Our story was told not only with tall panels, fitted onto craftily built wooden frames. Also models and short films gave insight into our work.

On 24 September, the exhibition was festively opened by Robert Kohsiek, director of housing company Wonam, and Rokus Oskam, director of earth block company Oskam v/f.

The earth block-press could be seen in action on several occasions, and some visitors even left with a self-pressed stone.

We have organized a number of activities over the duration of the exhibition, among which were a lecture on the exhibition’s theme, tours and workshops for schools, and a celebration of 20 years Stichting Dogon Onderwijs.

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Exhibition Two worlds, one thought at the ABC Center for Architecture in Haarlem, The Netherlands

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School at the heart of society Schools educate tomorrow’s generations, and today’s. On these crossroads of knowledge, people come together to share and to learn. Schools deserve a place at the heart of

TANOUAN IBI

PROJECT: TANOUAN IBI PRIMARY SCHOOL

The school lies just outside the village, introducing a new development to existing traditional structures. A square with trees will bridge the gap between school and village.

Running parallel on either side of the three classrooms are two porches, which support the impressive barrel vault roof.

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society, open to everyone, pupil and neighbour. And people in turn deserve a building to be proud of because this is where humans and society start to blossom.

PROJECT: ST. IGNATIUS GYMNASIUM SECONDARY SCHOOL

AMSTERDAM

The St. Ignatius lies right in the middle of South-Central Amsterdam. Its architecture resonates with the surrounding area’s in Amsterdam School style, and allows the school to become an integral part of the community.

New structure with three zones: upstairs for learning, a ground floor for relaxing, and downstairs for exercising.

Ground floor with recreational- as well as service areas.

Storey with classrooms, study spaces, and clustered teachers-offices.

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School at the heart of society

The two porches support a large barrel vault roof above the classrooms. They also create shared spaces where students and villagers come to escape the heat, and to socialize.

2013 200 m² primary school with 3 classrooms for 180 students and evening school for women, offices, depot Client: SDO

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Classroom teaching is standard practice in Mali’s educational system. The large earth block roof allows for spots of daylight and natural ventilation, which creates a pleasantly cool learning environment.

Attractive shared spaces emphasize social encounters and collaboration. A well-designed outside-area ensures that students will not sprawl far from the school, or hang around the neighbourhood.

2011 8,100 m² expansion and renovation for educational philosophy with flexible classrooms, auditorium, belowground gym, and ‘bike bunker’ Client: Stichting VO Amsterdam-Zuid Expandable classrooms with generous studying-spaces and transparent teachers-offices open up to ‘new style’ learning: flexible, solution-, and competence-oriented.

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To cherish one’s history The Amsterdam Canals and the cliff of Bandiagara are both world heritage sites. While a traditional canal house receives meticulous restorative care for the first time in

YOUGO DOGOROU

PROJECT: RESTORATION TELLEM HERITAGE GRANARIES AND ‘GINNAS’ (FAMILY HOUSES)

The Dogon treat the ancient granaries of their ancestors, the Tellem, with great respect. These six hundred year-old silos have become woven into the fabric of Dogon cultural identity.

Floor plan to Tellem granaries

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View of lost and remnant Tellem granaries

nearly 400 years, its clay contemporary in Mali must be plastered by hand year after year; but technical precisions aside, both are efforts in honour of history.

PROJECT: HUIS MARSEILLE MUSEUM OF PHOTOGRAPHY

AMSTERDAM

The expanded Huis Marseille preserves both the historical faรงades and internal structure of two national heritage buildings. The restoration has brought out their original beauty again.

The museum at number 401 has been joined to its neighbour at 399. Both buildings regained their original character.

Brightly lit passages allow visitors to pass the border between buildings three times.

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To cherish one’s history

Skilled workers, knowledgeable about the age-old practices of building and restoring clay granaries, were increasingly rare to find, but new generations are stepping up to learn and continue the tradition.

2014 Restauration and reconstruction Client: ADI and the people of the village of Yougo Made possible with the help of the Prince Claus Fund The restauration of Yougo’s cluster of silos has revived a unique historical site in the Dogon valley. Yougo is where the Sirigi begins, the Dogon’s most important celebration, held once every sixty years.

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Subtle interventions and use of colour have turned these monumental canal houses into a museum of contemporary photography.

2013 Renovation and restauration museum of photography Client: Stichting Monumenten Keizersgracht 399401

After elaborate historical on-site research into the original decorative layers, scarlet red, unique in The Netherlands, has been chosen to bring this Louis-XIV-style chamber back to life.

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The Romans in mind The Romans built them, as did the Greeks before: peristyles are courtyards surrounded by a colonnade. They continue to be popular ways of bringing the outside world in; bringing light and fresh air, and creating open spaces. They are

BANDIAGARA

PROJECT: VILLA NANTOUMÉ PRIVATE HOUSE

Clay domes and fresh water cover and cool the family court. The court looks out over the prayer room.

Daylight can come in at various places.

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The wind-tower creates a natural circulation of fresh air.

places where one can find shelter without feeling lockedin. The Dutch long for the sun, the Malians for the shade: peristyles serve both.

UTRECHT

PROJECT: DE BOUWMEESTER RESIDENTIAL CARE HOME AND DAY-CARE CENTRE

A safe haven for the young and the old. The courtyard connects a care home for demented elderly people to a day-care centre for the very young.

The tiered volume makes room for a diverse social program, amongst which is a day-care centre.

Ground floor

First floor

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The Romans in mind

The family house, or ‘ginna’, is a place to live, work, meet, and pray. The courtyard takes centre stage amidst these various functions.

2015 (design) 1,000 m² family house, receptionand work spaces Client: Toguna Agro Industries, Seydou Nantoumé The green court provides cooling to the workspaces surrounding it. The open courts welcome visitors and guide them through the family house. Each court has its personal character.

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The golden façade of this residential care home is powerful and evocative: a real city landmark. But on the inside it shows a different, more modest face: a caring environment for the more vulnerable members of society.

2013 10,000 m² residential care homes for elderly people, child day-care, neighbourhood centre, 30 homes Client: MITROS Projectontwikkeling

Boundaries between outside and inside are blurred. The grand court offers light, air, and space to users of all ages.

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A miniature society Building a new neighbourhood or campus from scratch requires a plan with coherence and character. An organic ensemble in which the individual is part of a greater whole, without loss of identity or privacy. A place that

SANGHA

PROJECT: PRAKTIJKCOLLEGE SANGHA COLLEGE

The practical training college in Sangha lies within a Unesco world-heritage area. Inside this walled ensemble, small houses with barrel vault roofs have been arranged such that they create little neighbourhoods and gardens.

The college consists of various neighbourhood- The Sangha like arrangements (ensembles) of classrooms, landscape workshops, offices, gardens, and storehouses.

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Villages on an outcrop

Walled neighbourhoods

The house is the community

strikes a balance between the large and the small, between opening up and shutting out, between outside and inside.

Recognizable, accessible, and coherent.

YEKATERINBURG

PROJECT: SUKHODOLSKAYA URBAN ENSEMBLE OF APARTMENT BLOCKS

The design is made for a coherent three-thousand-apartment ensemble in Yekaterinburg, Russia. At the heart of these four impressive blocks lies an intimate green park.

Components

Blocks and park

Public and semipublic spaces

Texture

Contour

Brick colour-profile

View

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A miniature society

Clusters of carefully arranged houses surround friendly squares with natural green. School started in January 2016, with the opening of the first cluster and garden.

2013 (design) 5 ha, 2,550 m² Practical Training College for 900 students, 15 classrooms, 4 workshops, offices, 10 teachersresidences, watertower, and depots Client: SDO Practical agricultural knowledge and skill can be developed in gardens around the various little neighbourhoods. This village-like environment brings theory and practice closely together.

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Sculptural, dark, and urban on the outside; playful, light, and small-scaled on the inside. By playing with materials and plasticity of design, two distinct characters arise.

2014 (design) 1,200 apartments, 500 m² commercial function, 960 parking lots Client: Brusnika Engineering and Design LLC

The individual blocks enclose intimate courtyards, while collectively they create a public green oasis – the heart of this plan.

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Craftsmanship requires Mastery Ornamentation is a case in point. Whether building with brick or earth-stone, masonry can be enormously expressive. Bringing out this capacity to full potential is

GANGOUROUBOURO

PROJECT: GANGOUROUBOURO PRIMARY SCHOOL

Compressed earth blocks are no dull ingredients: patterns, edges, relief, and air-vents can all be created. This one material can even be used to create windows, doors, eaves, and comfortable benches.

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Stone vault Plaster from red earth and cement Semi-open brickwork Steel roofing-sheets Steel tilt-window Stone bench

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what is basic to creating radiant buildings with character.

From afar and up close. A finely detailed building, with style and quality, is something to cherish for many years.

’S-HERTOGENBOSCH

PROJECT: HET HOF (PALACE QUARTER) APARTMENT-BUILDING

Two contrasting colours in the brickwork distinguish outside from inside in the urban plan. Depth and plasticity in the façade create a lively image.

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Brickwork white, and white seam Brickwork brown, and brown seam Light-grey, sheet-metal façade Bronzed aluminium window-frames Aluminium eaves

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Craftsmanship requires Mastery

Simple design ingredients can be functional and aesthetic at the same time: a simple ‘steel fork’ minimizes the roof-span, and tilt-windows give the façade a playful dynamic.

2013 200 m² basisschool met 3 leslokalen voor 180 leerlingen, kantoor, depot Opdrachtgever: Stichting Dogon Onderwijs The 3-meter-wide walled porch and the large overhanging roof make this an attractive and friendly place to sit, socialize, and escape the heat.

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The brickwork can be used to manipulate our sense of scale, and to give the facade an urban edge. Such effects of colour and texture are explored with the use of test walls.

2012 (design) 266 homes, 1,500 m² commercial space, 240 parking lots Client: BV Ontwikkelingsmaatschappij Paleiskwartier

A sculptural façade adds to the building’s overall quality. Reflections in the water give an extra dimension.

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A return to human scales For ages, the Dogon have been building their homes and villages in analogy to the human body plan. Western architectural history, on the contrary, knows many schools of thought. The time has come to create contemporary

NANDO

PROJECT: RESTAURATION AND REVITALIZATION OF NANDO A TYPICAL DOGON VILLAGE

Nando is a labyrinth of family houses and squares. But there are no sharp boundaries between what is private and what is public: the village is one’s home.

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Public buildings

Family-house grounds

The Pinari plateau

reinterpretations of time-honoured traditions. Expanding an old riverside town in the Netherlands requires small– town sensibilities. A return to human scales – like the Dogon have always done.

PROJECT: LEEUWENVELD 2 NEW NEIGHBOURHOOD BETWEEN HISTORIC CENTRE AND POLDER

WEESP

Public squares are the backbone of this plan. Beautiful shared spaces, with room for the individual, breathe life into the neighbourhood.

Project area

Water infrastructure of polder

Five blocks

Main throughway 29

A return to human scales

The houses of Nando are packed closely together. Rooftops serve for the drying of grain. Every home carries a signature ‘family lock’. Around the mosque, people socialize and play.

Since 2005 Realization waterinfrastructure, new roads, and repair clay constructions Client: SDO Plasticity of design is also important in Nando: subtle transitions, articulations of height, and dynamic usage of walls to demarcate different functional spaces. All Dogon understand these delicate boundaries.

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Architecture can stimulate behaviour. A simple strip of contrasting tiles can move people to install a bench in front of their home. And a gravel square invites a game of petanque, the classic French ball game.

2013 Urban plan and architectural design for 184 homes/ apartments, 3,000 m² office space Client: Blauwhoed Eurowoningen, Leeuwenveld II bv

Where once we found ditches, we now find canals and bridges that connect up to Weesp’s historical centre. Variation in brick-type makes every house distinct.

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City life Amsterdam and Bamako: two capitals more different than similar, undergoing different phases of development. While Amsterdam is becoming a high-density urban environment,

BAMAKO

PROJECT: SOCIAL HOUSING DISTRICT WITH HYDRAULICALLY COMPRESSED EARTH BLOCKS (HCEB)

Social housing in Mali: how to give a small district of three hundred homes character? The design of a new district in Mali’s capital integrates local tradition: life happens outside, within the walled grounds of the house.

Floor plan type F3 32

Floor plan type F4

Cross-sections

where people are again drawn to city life, Bamako is rapidly expanding with low-density areas, as families are escaping the crowded centre.

PROJECT: GERSHWIN BROTHERS NEW NEIGHBOURHOOD IN AMSTERDAM

AMSTERDAM

Metropolitan life on the ‘Zuidas’: these layered apartment-buildings offer comfortable living at a stone’s throw from the larger city. Parking spaces are found on two below-ground floors.

Two below-ground floors offer shared parking spaces.

Orientation with respect to sun, view, and the larger urban plan determine the specific sculptural form.

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City life

New floors may eventually be added on top. A sheltered porch, natural ventilation, and earth block walls create a cool shelter from the heat of Bamako.

2015 (design) 300 social houses type F3 and F4 Client: Le Ministre de l’Urbanisme et de l’Habitat, Mali African suburbs are typically fraught with empty, anonymous roads, rendering the neighbourhood largely inhospitable and unattractive. By making smaller streets, little squares, and planting trees, the neighbourhood becomes a friendly place.

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High-density need not stand in the way of building quality apartments, with attractive balconies, generous roof-terraces, and intimate gardens. Here one finds a peaceful environment in the heart of urban life.

2013 (design) 14,000 m² GFA with 159 homes of 55/70/85 m², 900 m² commercial space, 200 underground parking lots Client: SAX Vastgoed

With population pressures on the city increasing, the Zuidas financial district has recently begun to develop urban living environments. With public transport and the ring road at hand, the city centre is only fifteen minutes away.

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Hydraulically Compressed Earth Blocks (HCEB) are not fired. They are produced using a mobile press. By using ground-material from the construction site, transport- and production costs as well as environmental impact can be massively decreased. In terms of heat- and rain resistance, earth blocks are a great improvement on the traditionally used clay. On top of that, they create pleasant inside climates.

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Home-grown and locally sourced The brick, made from our very own river-clay, is an oldtime favourite in Dutch buildings. River-bed reed is another such home-grown classic. The time-honoured craft of reed-roofing has been revived in Nieuwkoop. In Mali, the

EARTH

VARIOUS PROJECTS: SCHOOLS, HOUSES, COMMUNITY BUILDINGS, ONION-DEPOTS

‘Terre rouge’, or red earth, is found throughout Africa. It is an obvious resource for the construction of homes and roads. All that one builds from it, blends seamlessly into the natural landscape.

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Hydraulically Compressed Earth Blocks (HCEB) Plaster from red earth and cement Opening for daylight and ventilation

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Handmade drainpipe Steal window Stone bench

hydraulic press has meant an innovation to the handworked clay that has been in use since ages. The press produces stronger stones, that better resist rain and general weathering.

REED

PROJECT: KALEIDOSKOOP BUILDING FOR LIVING, CARE, AND RECREATION

Reed from the natural reserve ‘Nieuwkoopse Plassen’ has traditionally always been used in the region’s farmhouse rooftops.

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Reed Brickwork Wooden cover Aluminium shield Plant-strip

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Home-grown and locally sourced

A mix of finely ground red earth and cement is compressed under high pressure to produce a brick from which supporting walls and arched roofs can be built.

Since 2008 Various projects: schools, houses, community buildings, onion-depots The rooftop is plastered with a mix of red earth and cement. Characteristic artefacts have been incorporated to connect with local roofing traditions.

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Care-home Kaleidoskoop celebrates the craft of reed-roofing, with a twist: applied in a spectacular and innovative way on the façade.

2012 8,000 m² carehomes, 2,000 m² ‘Kulturhus’ (multifunctional theatre, library, café/ restaurant, and info desks) Client: Woningstichting Nieuwkoop, Latei projectontwikkeling

This firm, 30-cm-thick layer of reed aligns seamlessly to the wooden frames. The smart finish is a result of love for material and craft.

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Respecting the planet Everything we build has an impact on the planet. Architects carry responsibility to take the environment into account.

And with the right approach, buildings can begin to give back to their surroundings: water or natural green that was

DOGONLAND

Wherever you go in Mali, from DjennĂŠ to Segou or the land of the Dogon, you will find homes built from local earth. The material breaths and cools; who would think of using concrete and steel?

Second dam of Yougo Dogorou

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Ceramic tubes in the roof allow for ventilation. And during the day, with incoming sunlight, they create a starry sky in the classroom.

previously lost, for example. A green desert, parking inside grassy hills, rainwater circulation, or an intelligent waterpump: they benefit not only the people who use them, but the planet as well.

THE NETHERLANDS

The ‘Kolleksjesintrum Fryslân’ will become a sustainable and energy-efficient arts archive. It uses the ground’s natural buffering-capacity to maintain optimal climatic conditions inside the archive.

The St. Ignatius Gymnasium’s thermal storage system uses a 125-meter-deep source to exchange cold and warmth.

Parking is done below green hills around the ‘Silverling'.

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Respecting the planet Find out more about the Green Desert Initiative at www.groenewoestijn.nl

Climate change and logging have allowed the desert to advance and take over farmland. With the help of hundreds of locals, trees are planted, dunes fixed, and water-flow controlled to create a ‘green desert’.

Primary school Tanouan Ibi Green Desert Blue Pump and clean water

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Dams and wells provide clean water. The ‘Blue Pump’ is a recent innovation; it reaches up to eighty meters underground, and is indestructible. The transmission of knowledge and experience is key to the local maintenance and expansion of water-resources.

The Silverling overlooks a park in Amsterdam’s New-West district. Instead of having its 58 parking spaces in plain sight, they lie ‘hidden’ beneath leisurely green hills around the building.

Kolleksjesintrum Fyslân | Leeuwarden The Silverling | Amsterdam St. Ignatius Gymnasium | Amsterdam Rain-water drains from the St. Ignatius Gymnasium’s façade along metal seams; it does not disappear in the sewer, but feeds directly into the surrounding grasses, keeping them fresh and green.

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Cultures differ The Dutch create separate places to experience culture.

They buy tickets to see a dance, a play, a film, or to attend a painting-class. Culture is found in buildings that are specifically designed to facilitate cultural activities with

CULTURE IN DOGONLAND

The announcement that a new school will be built with the community is welcomed in celebration. All the students want to show off their best dance-moves; a circle of people naturally creates the space for the event.

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Tagouna floor plan

Drawings: Wolf Schijns

theatres, studios, and workshops. Things are different in Mali, where cultural activities are more tightly interwoven with everyday life. And where dancing is done just as easily outside.

CULTURE IN THE NETHERLANDS

Ballet-classes on the top floor have a panoramic view over the city centre. The dancers in turn provide a playful backdrop to life on the streets. This blurs the boundary between city and culture.

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Multifunctional theatre Ensemble room Ballet room Lobby

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‘People’s University’ theory ‘People’s University’ practice Music Offices

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Spectrum: ground floor

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First floor

Second floor

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Cultures differ

The opening of a school, wrestling during gym class, celebrating the life of the deceased, or predicting the future: everything has its place in the village.

Dogon culture

The ‘toguna’, where Dogon men convene, is a lively place. It is simultaneously the ‘theatre’, a place to meet, and the village podium.

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Cultural buildings should appeal to the young and the old alike. Attractive materials and colours, a library, music theatres, and spaces to meet, drink, or eat; they invite everyone in, to have a look and take part.

Spectrum Tricotage | Veenendaal Kaleidoskoop | Nieuwkoop The multifunctional theatre accommodates film screenings, plays, dance- and musical performances. A mobile tribune makes this possible. Colourful seats and warm wooden walls create a pleasant environment for daytime use.

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Mock-up Craft and craftsmanship where the central decorative themes during the exhibition at ABC Haarlem. There was a real-scale mock-up wall from our project Square in the Amsterdam financial district Zuidas. There was also

COMPRESSED EARTH BLOCKS

Mock-up: OSKAM V/F

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PROJECT: HOMES, OFFICES, AND DEPOTS

the start of a remarkable vault roof, built on location in the same way and from the same bricks as in Mali. The hydraulic press that produced those bricks stood outside, in the ABC’s garden.

PROJECT: SQUARE AMSTERDAM APARTMENT-BUILDING

BRICK

Mock-up: koopmans | TBI

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Mock-up 1

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The first vault-roofs from compressed earth blocks were made by students, as part of an internship from the technical school in SevarĂŠ.

Building with compressed earth blocks

The vault roof is a time honoured style of roof-construction that perfectly distributes forces without additional supporting structures creates a pleasant internal environment.

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The design of these apartments combines the sophisticated light floor plans of post-war layered buildings, and their high degree of detail, with the fixed interior furniture of pre-war homes.

2013 7,000 m² GFA, 111 apartments (55-75 m²), 520 m² bar/restaurant, shared courtyard, underground bike storage Client: Wonam

Square is robust; large balconies, profiled brickwork, a colonnade of 7 meters tall that faces the square, and 3-meter-high ceilings, all add to the building’s powerful profile.

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Stichting Dogon Onderwijs (SDO) LEVS has been an active partner of the foundation Stichting Dogon Onderwijs (SDO) for over 15 years. The foundation has been active in Mali since 1995. Its purpose is to support and encourage education in the Dogon region in order to improve the quality of life sustainably.

The foundation works in collaboration with local entrepreneurs and the local community to realize school buildings, wells, and dams. Proper water supply is the essential start in the development of education.

In recent years the field of activity has been widened, and includes development of school curricula, restoration of World Heritage, improving infrastructure, building health centres, implementing the clean water supply program ‘Blue Pump’, and building onion houses and homes for teachers.

SDO supports every initiative that the local community proposes as a realistic undertaking. To get started, a substantial contribution of the community is essential, either by providing manpower or by contributing in finance. Only what the community cannot do itself is eligible for support. In this way there is full support from the beginning, because the community is literally the owner of the project.

The government is closely involved to achieve a durable education system with good teachers. By involving the local community and students of the Technical School in Sevaré in the building process, this becomes part of the educational system.

The foundation works together closely with the Dogon Women Initiative (DVI) and the local Malian foundation Association Dogon Initiative (ADI). Besides the building activities, the ‘Green Desert Initiative’ has been launched as part of an agriculture and nutrition educational program. To improve the effectiveness and quality of local education, Stichting Bloemendaal Dogon is implementing an educational program called ‘Les mots imprimés’.

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Blue Pump Mali aims to secure an increasing need of clean water for more than 400.000 inhabitants of the Dogon region in the long term.

SDO and ADI started with this innovative project in 2014. There is plenty of groundwater, but in contrast to the life span of wells or boreholes, the service life of the conventional pumps is short. The solution is the Blue Pump: significantly more robust, powerful and durable than conventional pumps. It was developed by Fairwater.org and is produced in the Netherlands.

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LEVS ARCHITECTEN MARIANNE LOOF ADRIAAN MOUT JURRIAAN VAN STIGT Cruquiusweg 111d 1019 AG Amsterdam P.O. Box 2182 1000 CD Amsterdam The Netherlands +31 20 6735762 post@levs.nl www.levs.nl