September media

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sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

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tIcf aoUnb A°m-Z-an- sNb¿am-\m-bn-cp∂ sk¿Pn B‚-Wn°v A°m-Z-an-bn¬ \evInb bm{X-bb∏v

tIc-f- ao-Unb A°m-Z-an-bn¬ \S∂ kvtImf¿ C≥ Imºkv ]cn-]m-Sn-bn¬ Z lnµp-hns‚ \mjWskIyp-cn‰n FUn-‰¿ tPmkn tPmk^v A°m-Z-an- sNb¿am≥ B¿. Fkv. _m_p-hn\pw Poh-\-°m¿°p-w hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°psam∏w sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

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sk]v‰w-_¿ 2016 l ]pkvXIw 5 l e°w 2 l hne `20

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FUnt‰mdnb¬

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]{X-{]-kn-≤o-I-cWw XS-bm≥ DtZym-K-ÿ\v A[n-Imcw?

am[y-a-tem-Ihpw Zen-Xcpw

06

F≥.-]n.-B¿

28

hn. _n. ]c-ta-iz-c≥ In Black and White Dawning hopes in social media Mneme George

10

h°w auehn F∂ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I≥

12

tUm. Sn. Pam¬ apl-ΩZv

32

Paid News Pandemic Undermines Democracy

35

P\m-[n-]Xyw t\cn-Sp∂ sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ ; cmPy-Øns‚ `mhnbpw

38

APbv ]n. aßm´v

Journalism Active, Passive or “Safe”?

Shoma A. Chatterji

18

UnPn-‰¬ aoUnb

21

sI. F¬. taml\h¿Ω

Imh¬ ]-{X-{]-h¿Ø-\hpw P\m-[n-]-Xyhpw

Human Interest News Stories J. V. Vil’anilam

24

A°m-Zan hm¿Ø-Iƒ

43

Bookshelf

49

temIw I≠ hc

50

s{^bnw s^bnw

51

tPmkn tPmk^v sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

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ap≥hm-Xn¬

\oXn-tZ-h-X-bpsS hmXn-ep-Iƒ Xpd∂p InS-°s´ ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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Editor R. S. Babu Editorial Board K.C. Rajagopal George Podippara Printer & Publisher K. G. Santhosh Co ordinating Editor K.R. Pramod Kumar Marketing In Charge Shainus Markose Design & Layout Chetana Media, Kottayam Address ‘Media’ Kerala Media Academy Kakkanad, Kochi – 682 030 Phone: 0484 2422275 Email : kmamedia2015@gmail.com mediamag.kma@gmail.com Website: www.keralamediaacademy.org

sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I¿°p `c-W-L-S-\-bn¬ Fhn-sS-bmWp {]tXyI Ah-Imiw F∂p Nne tI{µ-߃ ]pcnIw Npfn®v tNmZn°p-∂p-≠v. icn-bm-Wv, C¥y≥ kaq-l-Øn¬ "{]nhn-ePv' F∂p hnfn-°p∂ hn`m-K-߃ ]mSn-s√∂ k¶-ev]-amWp \ΩpsS `c-WL-S\ - bv° - p-≈X - v. ]t£, {]tXyI Ah-Im-iß - ƒ A\p-`h - n-°p∂ ]e hn`m-Kß - f - p-≠v. G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ hnin-jvSm-hI - m-iß - ƒ In´p∂Xp ]m¿e-sa‚dn t\Xm-°ƒ°pw ]n∂oSv PUvPn-am¿°p-am-Wv. F∂m¬ sXmgn-ep-Iƒ°n-Sb - n¬ G‰hpw A[nIw "{]nhn-eP - pIƒ' am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I¿°p kaqlw A\p-h-Zn-®n-´p-≠v.

AXn-\p≈ Ah-Imiw `c-WL - S- \ apJm-¥cw e`n-®X - pam-W.v Bi-b{- ]IS\kzmX{¥yw F∂ Ah-Imiw `c-WL - S- \ \¬Ip-∂p.

AXm-bXv "{^oUw Hm^v kv]o®v' hmbn-eq-sSbpw tcJ-bn-eq-sSbpw F√m-ap≈ Bi-b{- ]-IS- \ - Ø - n-\p≈ kzmX-{¥y-amWv. \nb-a] - c - hpw kmwkv I m- c n- I hpw Ncn- { X- ] - c - h p- a mbn e`n® Bi- b - { ]- I - S \ kzmX{¥yw tImS-Xn-If - n¬ \n∂p am[y-a{- ]-h¿ØIsc Hgn-hm-°nbm¬ \ntj-[n-°s - ∏-Spw. P\-߃°p th≠n hm¿Ø Adn-bn-°p∂-hc - mWv am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I¿. Hcp kw`hw t\cn-´d- n-bm≥ Ign-bmØ-h¿°p-th≠n Adn-bp∂ Hcmƒ dnt∏m¿´v Fgp-Xp-Itbm ]d-bpItbm Ima-db - n-eqsS ImWn-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ am[ya-{]-h¿Ø-I¿ Cs√-¶n¬ tImSXn clky Ad-If - m-Ipw. kwÿm-\sØ tImS-Xn-If - nse am[y-a\ - n-b{- ¥Ww \o°m≥ apJy-a{¥n ]nW-dmbn hnP-b≥ ap≥ssIsbSpØv \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw AXn¬ KpW-^ew e`n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp F∂Xv Bizm-kI - c - a - m-Wv. am[y-a˛- A - `- n-`m-jI kaq-lß - ƒ XΩnG‰hpw kulm¿±-]q¿Whpw amXr-I-m]-c-hp-amb _‘-amWp tIc-f-Øn¬ \ne-\n∂p h∂-Xv. AXn\pta¬ t]md-ep-≠m-I-cp-Xv F∂ Nn¥-bn-emWv A`n-`m-j-I-cnse _lp-`q-cn-]-£w. hnIm-cØn\v ASn-a-s∏-SmsX hnNm-c-Øn\pw kmtlm-Z-cy-Øn-\p-w \o°nh-bv°p-∂-Xm-Is´ C\n-bp≈ Zn\-߃. am[y-a-ßfpw PpUo-jydnbpw XΩn¬ \√ _‘-amWp tIc-f-Øn¬ s]mXp-th \ne-\n∂-Xv. sslt°m-S-Xn-bn¬ aoUnb dqw Xpd∂Xv PÃnkv Ipcy≥ tPmk^v sslt°m-SXn No^v PÃnkv Bbn-cn-°p-tºm-gm-Wv. kao]-k-a-bsØ A\n-jvS-kw-`-h-ß-fn¬ thZ-\n-°p∂ a\- p-≈-hcmWp s]mXp-hn¬ \ymbm[n]∑m¿ F∂p Icp-Xp-∂p. {]iv\-]-cnlm-c-Øn\v kp{]ow tImS-Xn-bnse apXn¿∂ \ymbm-[n-]-\mb PÃnkv Ipcy≥ tPmk^v Bflm¿∞-amb \o°-߃ \S-Øn. am[y-a˛- A - `- n-`m-jI - ˛- \ - ym-bm-[n]temI-߃ ]c-kv]cw t]mc-Sn-t°≠-hb - √ - . ChnsS kulm¿±-Øns‚ \qdp ]q°ƒ hncn-bs - ´. \oXn-

(5) tZ-hX - b - psS hmXn-ep-Iƒ am[y-aß - ƒ°p ap∂n¬ AS®n-Sm-Xn-cn-°-s´. a\p- j y- h w- i - Ø ns‚ ]p©n- c nbpw IÆocpw hnt\m-Zhpw hn⁄m-\hpw ]¶p-hbv-°p∂, ]Icw hbv°m-\m-ImØ D]-I-c-W-amWp am[y-aw. CXns‚ kwc-£-W-Øn\pw ssNX-\y-Øn\pw i‡n-]-I-cp∂ ZuXy-amWp tIcf aoUnb A°m-Z-an. AXp-sIm-≠v kwÿm-\sØ tImS-Xn-I-fnse am[ya \nb-{¥Ww \o°m-\p≈ t]mcm-´-Øn¬ A°m-Zanbpw ]¶m-fn-bmIpIbmWv. CXp-ambn _‘-s∏´ sslt°m-SX - n-bnse tIkn¬ I£n- t N- c p- ∂ - X n\v A°m- Z an t\m´okv \¬In-bn-´p-≠v. am[y-a-߃°v C∂p e`n-°p∂ Hc-h-Im-ihpw Bcpw ssI°p- º n- f n¬ Zm\- a mbn sIm≠p- h ∂p X∂X√. tImS-Xn, \nb-a-\n¿Ωm-W-k` F∂n-hn-S-ßfnse hm¿Ø dnt∏m¿´p sNøm-\p≈ Ah-Imiw am[ya-kzm-X-{¥y-Øns‚ `mK-am-bXp t]mcm-´-ß-fpsS cWho-Yn-Iƒ Xm≠n-bm-Wv. am[y-a-ßsf \memw FtÉv F∂p hnti-jn-∏n®Xp sa°mf {]`p-hm-Wv. Ht∂-ap-°m¬ \q‰m≠p apºp {_n´ojv ]m¿e- s a‚nse Kme- d n- b n- e n- c p∂ dnt∏m¿´¿amsc Nq≠n-bmWv AXp- ]-d-™-Xv. ]t£, B Ime-Øn-\p- apºv ]m¿e-sa‚n¬ \S-°p-∂Xp ]pdØ-dn-bn-°p-∂Xp in£m¿l-am-bn-cp-∂p. 1738 G{]n13\v tIma¨ k` Hcp {]tabw ]mkm-°n. k`m-\-S]Sn GsX-¶nepw ]{X-Øn¬ tN¿°p-∂Xp k`-bpsS A¥- ns\ Ah- t l- f n- ° p- ∂ Xpw AwK- ß - f psS {]tXyImh-ImisØ ewLn-°p-∂-Xp-am-sW-∂m-bncp∂p {]tabØns‚ D≈-S-°w.

"P‚n¬am≥kv amK-kn≥' BWv Cu {]ta-bØn\p hgn-sbm-cp-°n-bX - v. AXns‚ ÿm]-I] - {- Xm-[n]¿ FtUz¿Uv Iohv ]{X- Ø ns‚ dnt∏m¿´- d mbn Iyq{Snsb \nb- a n- ® p. ]m¿e- s a‚ns‚ hmXn- e n\nev°p∂ Imh¬°m-c\p ssI°qen sImSpØv Iyq{Sn AIØp IS-∂p. ]m¿e-sa‚ v ktΩ-f\w Ign-bp-tºmƒ Hm¿Ω-bn¬ \n∂p k`m\S-]Sn FgpXn ]{X-Øn\p sImSp-°pw. CXp hmb-\° - msc BI¿jn-®p. CtX-ØpS¿∂mWp k`m-\S- ] - Sn dnt∏m¿´p sNøp-∂Xp hne°n {_n´ojv tIma¨ k` {]tabw ]mkm-°n-bX - v. ]t£, Iyq{Sn hn´p-sIm-Sp-Øn-√. Imh¬°m¿°p

IqSp-X¬ ssI°qen sImSpØp ]m¿e-sa‚n¬ IS°pw. "en√n-]q-´nb' F∂ cmPysØ sk\-‰nse \S-]Sn-Iƒ F∂ a´n-em-bn-cp∂p ]n∂o-Sp≈ dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ. k`mw-Kß - sf hmb-\° - m¿°p Xncn-®d- n-bm-hp∂ hn[w Nn{Xo-Ic - n-°pw. CØcw kml-knI]{X-{]-h¿Ø-Isc {_n´ojv ]m¿e-sa‚ v \nc-¥cw in£n®p h∂p. ]m¿esa‚ v \S-]Sn ]q¿W-am-bn, \n¿`bw dnt∏m¿´p sNøm≥ Ah-Imiw t\Sn-sb-Sp-ØXp {_n´ojv {][m-\-a-{¥nbpsS IpXn- c - h ≠n Xoh- ® - t Xm- s S- b m- W v . tPm¨ hn¬°okv F∂ cmjv{So-b-°m-c\pw c≠p {]km-[Icp-amWv AXn\p Imc-W-°m-cm-b-Xv. ]m¿e-sa‚ v \S]Sn ]{Xdnt∏m¿´v B°n-bX - n\p hn¬°o-kns\ \mep-Xh - W in£n-®p. hn¬°o-kns‚ dnt∏m¿´p- sIm-SpØ ]{X-ßf - psS {]km-[I - sc Ad-ÃpsN-bvXp. Ah-cn¬ c≠p-t]¿ ]m¿e-sa‚w-Kß - f - m-bn-cp∂p. Ah-ImiewL-\a - m-tcm-]n-s®-¶nepw am∏-t]-£n°m≥ Ah¿ Iq´m-°n-bn-√. Ahsc Sh-dn-eS- ® - t- ∏mƒ e≠-\n¬ P\-߃ Cf-In. {][m-\a - {- ¥nsb In´m-ØXn\m¬ At±lw k©-cn-®n-cp∂ IpXn-ch - ≠n Xoh®p \in∏n-®p. Sh-dn-eS- ® {]km-[I - sc DSs\ hn´-b® - p.

P\m-`n-{]mbw i‡n-s∏-´X - n-\m¬ 1771 \p tijw ]m¿e-sa‚ v \S-]Sn dnt∏m¿´p s - N-øp-∂X - n-\p≈ AhImiw \nt£-[n-°s - ∏-´n-´n-√. ]m¿e-sa‚ v \S-]S- n-Iƒ dnt∏m¿´p sNøm-\p≈ Ah-Imiw AwKo-Ic - n-®t- XmsS tImSXn \S-]S- n-Iƒ dnt∏m¿´p s - N-øm-\p≈ Ah-Imihpw e`n-®p. Cu Ncn-{X-hg- n-Iƒ Xm≠n-bmWp P\m[n-]Xyw \ne-\nev°p∂ C¥y-bn¬ tImSXn dnt∏m¿´nßn-\p≈ Ah-Imiw am[ya {]h¿Ø-I¿°p e`n-®n´p-≈X - .v CXn-s\-ØS- b - p∂ H∂n-t\mSpw tbmPn-∏n-s√∂p apJy-a{¥n ]nW-dmbn hnP-b≥ hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. sslt°m-SX - n-bn¬ aoUnb dqw AS-®p-]q-´n-bXpw am[y-a{- ]-h¿Ø-I¿°p kzX-{¥-ambn dnt∏m¿´p sNøm\p≈ Ah- k - c - a n- √ m- X m- b Xpw A`n- ` m- j - I - k - a q- l Ønse Hcp-]‰w Bfp-If - psS hgn-sX-‰¬ sIm≠m-sW¶nepw AXn\p hncm-a-an-tS≠ apJy DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw PpUo-jy-dn-°p-≈-Xm-Wv. B ISa PpUojydn \nd-th‰p-sa∂p {]Xo-£n-°p-∂p. am[y-a-ßfpw A`n-`m-j-I k-aq-lhpw PpUojy-dnbpw XΩn¬ ]Xn-‰m-≠p-I-fmbn \ne-\n∂ kulm¿Z-]q¿W-amb ]c-kv]-c-_‘w DShp-X-´msX XpS-c-Ww.

tIcf aoUnb A°m-Zan `c-W-k-anXn AwK-߃ sNb¿am≥: B¿. Fkv. _m_p (tZim-`n-am\n), sshkv sNb¿am≥: sI.-kn. cmP-tKm-]m¬ (a-e-bmf at\m-c-a) AwK-߃: hn. hna¬ Ipam¿ (am-Xr-`q-an), ]n.-kn. sk_m-Ãy≥ (am-[y-aw), Fw. cLp-\mYv (tZ-im-`n-am-\n), Fkv. _nPp (G-jym-s\‰v \yqkv), F≥.-]n. Pnjm¿ (ao-Unb h¨), ]n.-hn. N{µ≥ (am-Xr-`q-an), Zo]p chn (tI-cf Iuap-Zn), ^m. t_m_n AeIvkv aÆw-πm-°¬ (Zo-]n-I), km_p h¿Kokv (aw-K-fw), a[p B¿. _me-Ir-jvW≥ (tI-c-f-i-_vZw), Pb¥v amΩ≥ amXyp (a-e-bmf at\m-c-a), sI. am[-h≥ (G-jym-s\‰v \yqkv), t__n amXyp (Po-h≥ Snhn), sNdp-Ic kÆn eqt°mkv (tI-c-f-i-_vZw), tPmkv ]\-®n-∏pdw (a-e-bmf at\m-c-a), tPm¿÷v s]mSn-∏md (am-Xr-`q-an), te_n kPo-{µ≥ (am-Xr-`qan \yqkv), _nhn≥ ]o‰¿ (P-bvlnµv Snhn), chn Un.-kn. (Un.-kn. _pIvkv), Zo]Iv [¿ΩSw (A-arX Snhn), {iotZhn ]n≈ (a-t\m-ca \yqkv), sk{I-´dn (^n-\m≥kv), sk{I-´dn (C≥^¿ta-j≥ & ]ªnIv dnte-j≥kv), Ub-d-IvS¿ (C≥^¿ta-j≥ & ]ªnIv dnte-j≥kv), saº¿ sk{I-´dn: sI. Pn. kt¥mjv. sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

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hn.-_n. ]c-ta-iz-c≥

F√m G{]n¬ 14 \pw \yqU¬ln-bpsS lrZ-b-]m-Xbmb ]m¿e-sa‚ v kv{So‰n¬ Awt_-ZvI¿ Pb-¥n-bpsS `mKam-bp≈ kmwkvIm-cn-tIm-’hw \S-°m-dp-≠v. tIc-f-Øn-emIp-tºmƒ hnjp-Zn-\-am-WnXv. F∂m¬ U¬ln-bnse {]hm-kPo-hn-X-Øn¬ AsXmcp BtLm-j-am-Im-dn-√m-Ø-Xp-sIm≠p Xs∂ Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ hn.-]n. lukn-\-Sp-Øp≈ ]m¿e-sa‚ v kv{So‰n-te°v B Znhkw t]mhpI ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-∂p. cmPyØns‚ \m\m-`m-KØp \n∂mbn At∂Znhkw Zen-X¿ IpSpw_-߃s°m∏w Cu hoYn-bn-se-Øm-dp-≠v. ]m¿e-sa‚ v hf∏nse Awt_-ZvI¿ {]Xna kµ¿in-°m\pw ]q°-f¿ - ∏n-°m\pw

sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

Zen-X\v Ah-kcw \¬Ip∂ Znh-k-am-b-XpsIm≠p Xs∂ lcn- b m- \ - b n¬ \n∂pw DØ¿{]-tZ-in¬ \n∂pw a[y-{]-tZ-in¬ \n∂pw a‰p-ambn \qdp-IW - ° - n\p ZenXv IpSpw-_ß - ƒ ]m¿e-sa‚ v hoYn-bn-te°v Hgp-In-sb-Øpw.

BIm-ih - m-Wn°pw dnk¿hv _m¶v sI´n-SØ - n\pw C - S- b - n-se sXcp-hv At∂ Znhkw Awt_ZvId- psS sNdpXpw hep-Xp-amb {]Xna hnev°p∂-hcpw Awt_-ZvI¿ kmlnXyw hnev°p-∂hcpsaØn \ndbpw.

(7) ]e s]mXp-ta-Jemÿm]-\-ß-fn-sebpw ZenXv sk√p-Ifpw kmaq-ly-{]-h¿Ø-Icpw P\-߃°p sh≈hpw `£-Whpw kuP-\y-ambn \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøpw. ]Xn-\m-bn-c-߃ HØp-Iq-Sp∂ NS-ßm-bn´pw am[y-a-߃ {]tXy-In®v sSen-hn-j≥ Nm\-epIƒ Cu NSßv ]q¿W-ambpw Ah-K-Wn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp sSen-hn-j≥ Ima-d-bpw Cu ]cn]mSn Ih¿ sNøm-s\-Øp-am-bn-cp∂n-√. At∂ a\- n-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ Hcp tNmZy-an-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. I¿hmNuØv, temlvcn, [\-e£van XpSßnb sNdnb BtLm- j - ß - ƒ t]mepw A®Sn am[y-a-ß-fnepw Zriy- a m- [ y- a - ß - f nepw \nd™p Ihn-bp-tºmƒ Awt_-ZvI¿ Pb¥nbpw hmevaoIn Pb-¥nbpw chnZmkv Pb-¥nbpw a‰pw Ch¿°v hm¿Ø- b m- I m- d n- √ .

AhnSßfnte°v Ima-d-Iƒ A_-≤Øn¬ t]mepw sNs∂-Øm-dp-an-√.

Zen-X-cpsS BtLm-j-߃ am{X-a√, am[ya Ah-K-W-\bv°p ]m{X-am-Ip-∂-Xv. Ah-cpsS Zpcn-X]q¿W-amb Pohn-X-Øn-te°v A]q¿h-amtb apJy-[mcm-am-[y-a-ß-fpsS {]tXy-In®v Cw•ojv am[y-a-ß-fpsS IsÆ-Øm-dp-≈q. Zriy-am-[y-a-߃ Hcn-°epw AhcpsS Nmf-I-fn-te°pw Iqc-I-fn-te°pw Ima-d-°-ÆpIƒ ]mbn-°m-dn-√. {Kma-ß-fnse tI{µ-ÿm-\Øv Hcn°epw Zen-Xt\m BZnhm-knt°m {]th-i\w t]mepan-√. ]pd-tºm-°p-I-fn¬ kh¿Ws‚ HuZm-cy-Ønam{Xw Pohn-°p∂ Zen-Xs‚ AbnØPohn-X-sØ-°pdn®v Hcp am[y-a-hpw dnt∏m¿´v sNøm-dn-√. CXp-sIm≠mWv C¥y Pohn-°p-∂Xp {Kma-ß-fn-emWv F∂p Km‘nPn ]d-™t- ∏mƒ Zen-Xt- \mSp \K-cß - f - n-te°p ]em-b\w sNøm≥ `ow dmhp Awt_-ZvI¿ Blzm\w sNbvX-Xv. PmXn-]-c-amb ASn-®-a¿Ø-en-s‚bpw Iqenbn-√m-bva-bp-sSbpw ASn-a-Po-hn-XØn-s‚bpw tI{µ-amb-Xn-\m-emWv {Kma-ß-tfmSp hnS ]d-bm≥ At±lw Zen-X-tcmSmh-iy-s∏-´Xv. F∂m¬ kzmX-{¥y-Øns‚ 70-˛mw h¿j-Ønepw Zen- X ¿ A`n- a p- J o- I - c n- ° p∂ CØcw hnj- b - ß sfm∂pw tZio-b-am-[y-a-ß-fn¬ hm¿Ø-bm-Im-dn-√. kzmX- { ¥y- k - a - c - I m- e Øv `qcn- ] £w ]{X- ß fpw tZiob{]ÿm-\-Øn-s\m∏w \nev°m\pw {_n´ojv hncp≤ kao-]\w kzoI-cn-°m\pw Xbm-dm-sb-¶nepw kzmX-{¥y-e_v[n°p tijw kaq-l-Øns‚ ASn-Ø-

´n¬ InS- ° p- ∂ - h sc Db¿Øn- s °m- ≠ p- h - c m- \ p≈ t_m[-]q¿h-amb CS-s]-Stem {]Nm-cW - tam \S-Øm≥ Cu am[y-a-߃ k∂-≤cmbn√. Zen-X¿ A\p-`-hn°p∂ ASn-®a - ¿Ø-ep-Is - f-°p-dn®v XpS¿®-bmbn {]Nmc-Ws - a-t∂mWw dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ {]kn-≤o-Ic - n-°m≥ Hcp tZiobam[y-ahpw Zriy-am-[y-a-ßfpw Xbm-dm-b-Xm-bn

Nq≠n-°m-´m-\mhn√.

F∂m¬ C∂v ÿnXn amdn- b n- ´ p- s ≠- ∂ mWp s]mXpth hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. tamZn k¿°m¿ A[n-Im-c-Øn¬ h∂-Xn\p tijw tKmkw-c-£-WØns‚ t]cn¬ apkven-߃°pw Zen-X¿°p-sa-Xntc \S-°p∂ B{I-a-W-߃ ]e tZiob A®-Sn-am-[y-aßfpw dnt∏m¿´v sNøp∂ ÿnXn-bp-≠m-bn. cmPy Xeÿm-\-\-K-cn-°-SpØv DØ¿{]-tZ-inse Zm{Zn-bn_o^v `£n-®-Xns‚ t]cn¬ a[y-h-b-kvI\mb aplΩZv AIv-em-°ns\ ASn-®p-sIm-∂Xpw KpP-dm-Ønse D\-bn¬ NØ ]ip-hns‚ sXmen-bp-cn-®X - ns‚ t]cn\mep ZenXv bphm-°sf hkv{X-ap-cn®v a¿±n-®Xpw a‰pw am[y-aß - ƒ dnt∏m¿´v sNøp-Ib - p-≠m-bn. F∂m¬, ZenXcpw a‰pw \S-Øp∂ XpS¿{]t£m-`-߃°v Hcp {]m[m-\yhpw \¬Im≥ CtX am[y-a-߃ Xbm-dm-bn√. D\ kw`-h-Øn\p tijw Zen-X¿ Al-Ω-Zm-_mZn¬ \n∂v D\-bn-te°p \S-Ønb am¿®n\pw a‰pw apJy- [ mcmam[y- a - ß ƒ th≠{X {]m[m\yw \¬Inbn√. `qan Bh-iy-s∏´v Ah¿ Al-Ω-Zm-_mZn¬ \S-Ønb sdbn¬ XS-b¬ ka-chpw {]mtZinIhm¿Ø-bmbn HXp-ßn.

I¿Wm-S-I-bnse tUm. Awt_-ZvI¿ Kth-jW C≥Ãn-‰yq-´nse _me-Kp-cp-aq¿Øn \nco-£n-°p-∂Xp sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

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t]mse ZenXv hm¿Ø-Iƒ am[y-a-ß-fn¬ CSw-]n-Sn°-Ws - a-¶n¬ lnwkm-flI - X - b - psS Awiw AXn-ep-≠mbn-cn-°-Ww. kw`hw _em-’w-K-tam, sIme-]m-X-Itam, Bfl-lXytbm BIp-tºmƒ am{X-amWp ZenX¿°p am[y-a-ß-fn¬ CSw e`n-°p-∂-Xv. Cu \nco£Ww Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc icn-hbv-°p-∂-XmWv kao-]Imekw`-h-߃. Zen-X¿s°-Xntc \S-°p∂ lnwkbmWp hm¿Ø-bm-Ip-∂-Xv. lnwk-bp-sS, ssewKnI-XbpsS Dd- h nSw Zen- X - c m- s W∂ [mc- W - b mWp s]mXpth {]N-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-sX∂pw ZenXv BIvSnhn-Ãp-Iƒ hna¿in°p∂p. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v ]Øph¿jw apºv alm-cm-jv{S-bnse ssI¿em©n {KmaØnse \mep Zen-Xsc kh¿W¿ Iq´-s°me sNbvX kw`hw Xs∂ FSp-°mw. alm-cm-jv{S-bnse apJy[mcmam[y-a-߃ AXp dnt∏m¿´v sNbvXXv ]cs° hna¿in-°-s∏-´p. c≠p ZenXv kv{XoIsf˛ kptcJsbbpw {]nb-¶-sbbpw˛ \·-cm°n a¿±n-®mWp h[n®-Xv. cmPysØ \Sp-°nb Zen-Xv ]o-U\ - a - m-bn-cp∂p CXv. F∂m¬ kptc-J-sb∂ kv{XobpsS ]c]p-cpj_‘amWp sIme-]m-X-I-Øn\p Imc-W-sa-∂pw AXn-\mAXp \ymbo-Ic - n-°s - ∏-Sp-∂p-sh∂pap≈ coXn-bn-emWv "temIvaXv ssSwkv' t]mep≈ ]{X-߃ t]mepw dnt∏m¿´v sNbvXX - v. ZenXv kv{XoIƒ F∂pw kh¿WcpsS Imam¿Øn°p ]m{X-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂ hkvXpX Hcn-°¬ t]mepw dnt∏m¿´v sNøm≥ {ian-°mØ am[ya-ß-fmWp {Iqc-amb ZenXv Iq´s°me \S∂t∏mƒ AXn\p Imc- W hpw Ah- c psS "A]- Y - k - © mc' amsW∂ coXn-bn¬ dnt∏m¿´v sNbvX-Xv. ]n∂oSv {]apJ tZiobam[y-a-߃ t]mepw CtX hymJym\w Hcp hna¿i-\hpw C√msX hngp-ßp-Ibpw sNbvXp. sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

ssI¿em©n kw`hw \S∂v 10 h¿jw XnI-bp∂ Cu thf-bnt]mepw tIkns‚ KXn-sb-¥mbn F∂p kqNn-∏n-°p∂ dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ am[y-a-ß-fn¬ CSw ]nSn-°p-∂n-√.

Zm{Zn-bn¬ \n∂v D\ hsc \ofp∂ Zen-Xv-˛-apkvenw ]oU-\-߃ ]e am[y-a-ßfpw dnt∏m¿´v sNøp-∂Xv Zen- X ¿ _o^v Ign- ° p- ∂ - X t√ {]iv\-߃°p Imc-W-sa∂ coXnbn-em-Wv. _o^v Ign-®-Xn\p lcnbm- \ - b nse sahmØnse c≠p apkvenw kv{XoIƒ _em-’wKw sNø- s ∏- ´ - t ∏mƒ AXp {][m- \ hm¿Ø-t]mepamIm-ØXv am[y-a߃ GXp ]£-ØmWp \ne-bp-d∏n-°p-∂Xv F∂-Xns‚ hy‡-amb {]Jym-]\ - a - m-Wv. lcn-bm-\b - n¬ {]Nm-cØ - n-ep≈ Cw•ojv˛- l - nµn ]{X-߃ Cu kw`hw Dƒt∏Pp-If - n¬ A{][m-\-ambn am{X-amWp \¬In-b-Xv. Zriy-am-[y-a-߃ Cu kw`-hsØ ]q¿W-ambpw Ah-K-Wn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. F¥p- s Im- ≠ mWp ZenXv hm¿Ø- I ƒ apJy[mcmam[y-a-ß-fn¬ CSw ]nSn-°m-Ø-Xv? AXn\p {][m\ Imc-Ww B hn`m-K-Øn¬ \n∂p am[y-a-temIØp {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h¿ Xp—-am-sW∂Xp Xs∂. am[ya DS-a-I-fn¬ Bcpw Xs∂ ZenXv hn`m-K-Øn\n∂v C-s√-∂Xp ]I¬t]mse hy‡-am-Wv. AXp am{X-a√ ZenXv {]iv\-߃ am[y-a-ß-fn¬ {]Xn-^-en°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ Imc-Ww. \yqkv apdn-I-fn¬, am[y-a-{]h¿Ø-I-cn¬, Nm\¬ Ah-Xm-c-I-cn¬ Zen-X-cpsS FÆw Xptemw Ipd-hm-sW-∂Xpw {][m-\amm-Wv. "Z hb¿' sh_vssk‰v ASp-Ø-bnsS {]kn-≤oI-cn® Hcp IW-°-\p-k-cn®p am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I-cn71 iX-am-\hpw kh¿W¿ am{X-am-Wv. ]n∂m-°-hn-`m-

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_n.-F≥. D\ymK-ß-fn¬ \n∂p t]mepw am[y-a-{]h¿Ø-I¿ hfsc Ipd-hm-Wn-∂v. tIcf-Øn¬ t]mepw BZn-hmkn hn`m-K-ßfn¬ \n∂p hnc-en-se-Æm-hp-∂h - ¿ am{XamWp am[y- a - c w- K - Ø p- ≈ - s X- ∂ mWv Adn-bp-∂-Xv. hm¿Ø-Ifpw hni-I-e-\ßfpw kw_-‘n®p Xocp-am-\-ß-sf-Sp°p∂, am[y-aÿ - m-]\ - ß - f - nse Db¿∂ ]Z- h n- I - f n¬ Ccn- ° p∂ 300 Hmfw t]cn¬ Hcmƒ t]mepw Zen-X-\-s√∂pw "Z hb¿' shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn. 1996 ¬ hntZi am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I-\p- th≠n Xeÿm- \ - \ - K - c - a mb U¬ln- b n_n.-F≥. D\ym¬ F∂ apXn¿∂ ]{X- { ]- h ¿Ø- I ≥ \S- Ø nb At\z- j - W - Ø n¬ Hcp ZenXv teJ-Is - \- t]mepw Is≠-Øm-\mbn-√. "C≥ tk¿®v Hm^v F ZenXv tP¿W-enÃv' F∂ t]cn¬ Xs‚ A\p-`hw D\ym¬ "Zn ]b-\o¿' ]{X- Ø nFgp- X p- I bpw sNbvXp. 2013 ¬ {]apJ am[ya\nco£- I ≥ (Z- l qXv ssh_vssk- ‰ v) APmkv Ajvd^v Znh-k-߃ \o≠ At\z- j - W - Ø n¬ Is≠- Ø n- b Xv samØw 21 ZenXv am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I-scbm-Wv. Ch-cn¬Øs∂ hm¿Øm AhXm-c-I-cmbpw a‰pw sNdp \yq\-]£w am{X-amWp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. {][m-\-s∏´ Hcp t]mÃnepw Ch- s c- Ø n- b n- √ .

]e¿°pw a‰p- ≈ - h ¿°p e`n°p∂ iºfw t]mepw ÿm]-\߃ \¬Ip- ∂ n- s √- ∂ - X mWp bmYm¿∞yw. izk\- \ m- f n°v A¿_pZw _m[n®p acn® sXep¶m-\-bnse \mK-cmPp tIm∏pe F∂ am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I≥ Xs∂ DZm- l - c - W w. \yq C¥y≥ FIvkv{]- nse Cu ZenXv ]{X{]-h¿Ø-I\v AtX XkvXn-I-bnep≈ Db¿∂ PmXn-°m-tc-°mƒ iºfw Ipd-hmWp e`n-®n-cp-∂sX∂p shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bp-≠mbn. F∂n´pw ]e {][m\ tÃmdnIfpw \mK-cmPp ]{X-Øn-\mbn \mK-cmPp tIm∏pe \¬Ip-I-bp-≠m-bn.

ZenXv hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø\w ]Tn-°m-ØXn\p ImcWw Ah¿°p th≠{X kvtImf¿jnt∏m klm-btam kwh-cWtam e`n-°m-Ø-Xm-Wv. tP¿W-enkw C≥Ãn-‰yq-´p-I-fpsS ^okv LS-\bpw a‰pw Zcn-{Z-cmb ZenXv IpSpw-_-߃°p Xmßm≥ Ignbm-Ø-Xn\memWv Cu taJ-e-bn-te°v Cu hn`mKw IS-∂p-h-cm-ØsX∂v \yq C¥y≥ FIvkv{]-kn-s‚bpw UnF≥-F-bpsSbpw ap≥ FUn-‰d- m-bn-cp∂ BZnXy kn≥l A`n-{]m-bs - ∏-Sp-∂p. k¿°m¿ amkv Iayq-Wn-t°-j≥ C≥Ãn-‰yq-´p-Iƒ am{X-amWp kvtImf¿jn∏pw kwhc-Whpw \¬Ip-∂-Xv. IqSmsX sNss∂-bnse Gjy≥ kvIqƒ Hm^v tP¿W-en-khpw ZenXv hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°p kvtImf¿jn∏v \¬Ip∂p-≠v. ZenXv hnZym¿∞nIsf am[y- a - t em- I tØ°p ssI]n- S n- ® pb¿Øm≥ tI{µ- ˛ - k wÿm\k¿°m-cp-Iƒ Xbm- d m- I pI Xs∂ thWw. am[y-at- em-IsØ kPo- h - a mbn \ne\n¿Øm\pw _lp-kz-cX ImØp kq£n- ° m\pw CXp klm- b n- ° pw. kh¿W-cpsS "_u≤nI Kp≠-Iƒ' am{X-amWp am[y-aß - ƒ F∂ ZenXv Fgp-Øp-Im-cp-sSbpw Nn¥-I-cp-sSbpw Bt£]w Hcn-°epw `qj-W-ambn am[yatemIw sIm≠p-\-S-°-cp-Xv.

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tZim-`n-am\n sk≥{S¬ sUkvIv \yqkv FUn-‰-dmWv teJ-I≥.

C˛-sabn¬: vbparamu@gmail.com sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

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In Black and White: Dawning hopes in social media

The days when I started reading

newspapers, though marked with something very close to what the great romantic poet called prenatal innocence (of news and ‘no news’) in the very personal plane, I made it a habit to call all inclusions in the newspapers as appearances in black and white. Gone are the days of black and white in news rooms as far as the production process is concerned. Later, one came to learn that black is the colour and white is the absence of colour on that long spread of paper. Paradoxically enough visibility had been for black in letters, whereas for the lives behind letters invisibility was doomed for the black.

India stands tall among all countries of the world, yes, among the developed as well the developing and the under developed countries, sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

Mneme George

for the overload of media sway. We have a very powerful press second only to China where nearly eleven crore copies of newspapers are sold every day against our nearly ten crore copies per day. Even The United States sells a little above five crore copies a day. We have nearly five thousand daily newspapers and nearly fifteen thousand weekly publications.

Number of news channels is supposed to have crossed fifty by now across the country.

If the same vigour is kept for a qualitative assessment of our media as we have done in the quantitative assessment, one will have to say “Let god save our media and our readers”. Does it exclude more than it includes?. There comes the old saying relevant again, in “black and white”, but with a difference. Here White

(11) becomes the colour these days, white becomes the ‘visibility’ these days and black just winked at as the absence of white. The topsy turvey makes black to be defined as the lack of the ‘white’ of complexion, ‘white’ of ancestry and ‘white’ of affluence. Editors and CEOs of the Indian press, with some occasional exceptions, belong to the privileged classes in a nation of faceless crowds. Most have ancestry of origin and inheritance of wealth, education and culture. They represent the cultural elite of our country.

Social media could be called an explosion of the ‘aam aadmi sentiment’ in media. It gave tongue to the so far tongue tied segment. It empowered at least a section of the least privileged classes, call them dalits or women, or transgenders to come out in an open cyber society and to speak out their minds, without fear of oppression or chastisement for the first time in the history of this country. Cyber media in the social perspective means an entire realm of blogs, websites, social media, chat rooms, online forums and similar electronic domains in which borders vanished and silences smashed for all forms of socializations.

It is amazing to see the great following the newly liberated and so far oppressed voices are getting in the social mediascape. For example journalist Dilip C. Mandal, the prominent among the dalit voices in the social media enjoys a formidable following of more than 20000 netizens in his social media foothold. That exactly is the reason why Rohit Vemula incident amassed sufficient strength as to disturb the criminal and sectarian complacency of the civil society within a very short time by the beginning of the running year. On the evening of 17th January this year Mandal flashed perhaps the most terrible news of our times-a few hours earlier, Rohit Vemula, a dalit scholar suspended by the university in a manner that reeked of caste discrimination had committed suicide.

Subsequent events show the impact these words scribbled on the virtual wall of facebook had in the real social structure of our country.

Later that night Mandal posted again on facebook that protests would be held the following day at three venues, The Tata Institute

of Social Sciences Mumbai, English and Foreign Languages University, Hyderabad, and outside the office of the minister of human resource and development, Newdelhi. The most interesting fact is that the following day nothing of this thunderstorm was reflected in the Delhi editions of any of the mainstream media. What hurricane does to a wild fire, social media did to the turmoil that followed is recent history and hence very fresh in our minds.

The impact social media can have on the mainstream psyche and the potential sway it can have over the main stream media is also live history, just two months old. It was on 5th August 2016 that the ten day long Dalit Asmita Yatra commenced from Ahmedabad after the brutal torture of four dalit men by the self proclaimed protectors of gomatha charging them of beef consumption and issues related to the burial of carcasses of dead animals. What ensued was nation wide protest and rampant unrest thanks this time not only to social media, but to main stream media as well. That’s the change that came over in just seven months time.

In India social media is strong these days to unsettle the complacency of the elitist society, established media and erudite community. This newly unleashed wild might will only amass more strength and sway in days to come.

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The author is the former assistant editor in Malayala Manorama group and the editorial director of Chetana Media, Kottayam.

Email: mnemegeorge@gmail.com sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

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tUm. Sn. Pam¬ apl-ΩZv

h°w auehn

F∂ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I≥ kmap-Zm-bnI]cn-jvI-c-W-Øn¬ tI{µo-I-cn®mWv h°w apl-ΩZv A_vZpƒJm-Z¿ auehn Xs‚ s]mXp-{]-h¿Ø\amcw-`n-®Xv. kZm-Nm-ca - q-ey-߃°pw Pohn-X-hn-ip-≤n°pw ]c-a{]m-[m\yw \¬In-bn-cp∂ aue-hn°p Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iqdnse cmjv{So-bc - w-KØp \ne\n∂n-cp∂ Agna-Xnbpw kzm¿∞-Xbpw Ak-l\o-bambn A\p`h-s∏-´p. A‘-hn-izm-k-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw A\m-Nm-c-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw P\-ßsf tam-Nn-X-cm-°m≥ kmaq-lyafieß-fnse Agn-a-Xn-s°-Xntc t]mcm-Sphm≥ At±lw Xnc-s™-SpØ Bbp-[hpw AXp-Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-sØ-∏‰n aue-hn°p hy‡-amsbmcp [mc-W-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ At±lw {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n® "kztZ-im-`nam\n' Fßs\ {]h¿Øn-°W - s - a∂pw AXns‚ BZye-°-Øn¬Øs∂ tcJ-s∏-SpØn: ""Rms\mcp I®-hS-°m-c-\-√, kmaq-ln-I-tk-h-\hpw cmPy-tk-h-\-hpamWp Rm≥ ]{Xw sIm≠v Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv. F\n°p th≠ ]c-aa - mb e£yw ]Wa√. Rm\pt±-in-°p∂Xv F\n-°√, Fs‚ cmPy-Øn\p In´p-sa∂p Xs∂-bmWv Fs‚ Dd-®-hn-izm-kw. F\n-°Xp aXn.'' (1) kztZ-im-`n-am\n kap-Zm-bnI]cn-jvI-c-W-tØmsSm∏w cmPy]ptcm-K-Xn°pw ap≥K-W\ \¬In-s°m≠p≈ {]kn-≤o-Ic - W - a - m-bn-cp∂p. AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂ hf-sc-tbsd {i≤-tbmSpw ap≥I-cp-X-tem-Spw- IqSn am{Xta AØcw Hcp ]{Xw XpS-ßp-hm≥ Ign-bp-Isk]vXw-_¿ 2016

h°w apl-ΩZv A_vZpƒJm-Z¿ auehn bp-≈q. P\m-[n-]Xyw \ne-hn-en-√m-bn-cp∂ A°m-eØv A`n-{]m-b-{]-I-S\kzmX-{¥y-sØ-∏‰n kwkm-cn-°p∂Xp Xs∂ {]Xn-k-‘n-Iƒ hnfn-®p-h-cp-Øp-am-bn-cp∂p. cmPm-hns‚ Iev]-\-Iƒ \nb-a-ß-fmbn AwKo-Icn-°-s∏´ncp∂ Imew. cmPm-hn\p th≠n `c-W-b{¥w

(13) Xncn-°p∂ Znhm-\m-I-s´, P\-Io-bm-h-iy-߃ \ncm-Ic - n-°p-Ibpw am\-hn-Ia - q-ey-߃°p hneI-ev]n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. cmPy-Øns‚ Cu Ah-ÿ-bn¬ XnI®pw Akz-ÿ\mb aue-hn°v AXn-s\-Xntc {]Xn-I-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°phm≥ Ign-™n-√. cmPy-Øns‚ Zb-\o-b-ÿn-Xnsb- ∏ ‰n P\- ß sf t_m[- h m- ∑ m- c m- ° p- I sb∂Xp am{X-amWv CXn-\p≈ icn-bmb ]cnlm-c-am¿§-sa∂v At±lw Xncn-®-dn-™p. kztZim-`n-am-\n-bpsS {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn\v F√m -P\-hn-`m-Kß - f - p-sSbpw [m¿ΩnI]n¥pW auehn A`y¿∞n-s®-¶nepw kmº-Øn-Ia - mbn AXns‚ ]q¿W DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw At±lw kzb-ta-s‰-SpØp. kztZ-im-`n-am\n {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ aue-hn°p 30 hb- m-bn-cp∂p {]mbw. 1905 P\phcn 19 \v A©p-sX-ßn¬\n-∂mWv {]kn-≤o-IcWw Bcw-`n-®X - v. A©p-sXßv A∂p {_n´ojv CuÃv C¥y I-º\ - n-bpsS t\cn-´p≈ \nb-{¥W-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. e≠-\n¬ \n∂p t\cn-´n-d° - paXn sNbvX F√m B[p-\n-Ik - u-Ic - y-ßt- fmSpw IqSn- b p≈ Hcp {] n- e mWv AXns‚ {]h¿Ø\w XpS-ßn-bX - v. auehnbmcw-`n® ]{XØn\p kztZ-im-`n-am-\n-sb∂p \ma-Ic - Ww sNøphm≥ At±-lsØ t{]cn-∏n-®Xp km{am-Py-Xz-i‡n-If - psS t]Snkz]v\a - m-bn-cp∂ Pam-ep-±o≥ A^vKm-\nbpsS tZi-kvt\-lsØ Ipdn-®p≈ A`n-am-\t- _m-[a - m-Wv. Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-cw-KØp ]pXp-bp-KØns‚ Bcw`w Ipdn-®p-sIm-≠mWp kztZ-im-`n-am\n {]Xy£-s∏-´X - v. A∂sØ kmwkvIm-cnI\mb-I∑ - mcmb F.B¿. cmPcm-Ph - ¿Ω, tIcfh¿Ω henb tImbn-غ - pcm≥, D≈q¿ Fkv. ]c-ta-iz-cø - ¿, tUm. ]ev]p, i¶-c≥ \mb¿ XpS-ßn-b-h¿ AXn\p klm-bhpw t{]m’m-l\hpw \¬In. (2) kztZ-im-`n-am-\n-bpsS ]{Xm-[n-]sc Ipdn®p auehn°p hy‡-am-sbmcp ImgvN-∏m-Sm-Wp-≠m-bncp∂Xv. Hcp ]{X-Øns‚ {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn¬ AXns‚ ]{Xm-[n]¿°p ]cn-]q¿Æmh-Im-ia - p-≠m-bn-cn-°W - s - a-∂p auehn B{K-ln-®-p. {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn-\p≈ hkvXp-X-Iƒ Xncs™-Sp-°p-∂-Xnepw apJ-{]-kwKsagp-Xp-∂-Xnepw kw`h- ß - t fmSp {]Xn- I - c n- ° p- ∂ - X nepw ]{Xm- [ n- ] ¿°p kºq¿W kzmX{¥yap≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. ]{X-ap-S-a-bpsS XmXv]-cy-߃ kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn\p th≠n kXyw ad-®ph-bv°p-∂-Xn\pw hkvXp-X-Iƒ Zp¿hymJym\w sNøp-∂Xn\pw ]{Xm-[n-]sc \n¿_-‘n-°m≥ ]mSn-s√∂v Dd-®phn-iz-kn-°p-Ibpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn AXp- ]q¿W-ambpw

Pam-ep-±o≥ A^vKm-\n \S-∏n-em-°p-hm\pw At±-l-Øn\p Ign-™p. ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\s - Ø-°p-dn®p X\n-°p≈ k¶ev]-߃°v A\p-tbm-Py-\mb Hcp ]{Xm-[n-]sc Is≠-Øp-Is - b-∂p≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p aue-hn°v A`nap-Jo-I-cn-t°≠n h∂ {][m\ {]iv\w. kztZ-im`n-am-\n-bpsS BZysØ ]{Xm-[n-]-cmbn \nb-an-X\mb kn.-]n. tKmhn-µ-∏n≈ Bflm¿∞-Xbp-≈bmfpw ]cn-N-b-k-º-∂-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬, kztZ-im-`n-am-\n-sb-°p-dn®p aue-hn-°p-≠m-bn-cp∂ {]Xo-£-Iƒ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ tKmhn-µ]n≈bv°p Ign-™n-√. alm-cm-Pm-hn-s\bpw `c-Wm[n-Im-cn-I-sfbpw _lp-am-\-]q¿hw ho£n-°p-Ibpw cmP-`‡n hnizm-k-Øns‚ `mK-ambn AwKoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX tKmhn-µ-∏n-≈bv°p ]{X-{]h¿Ø-\Ø - nepw B Zu¿_-ey-ßf - n¬ \n∂p kzX{¥\m-Im≥ Ign-™n-√. A[n-Im-cn-Isf H´pw `bs∏-SmsX kmaq-ly]p-tcm-KX - n°p th≠n {]h¿Øn°p-Ibpw A\o-Xn-Iƒs°-Xntc apJw-t\m-°msX {]Xn-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ ]{Xm-[n-]-sc-bm-bncp∂p aue-hn°mhiyw. s]mXp Pohn-X-ØnkPohNe-\ß - f - p-≠m-°m≥ Ign-hp≈ {]kn-≤o-Isk]vXw-_¿ 2016

(14) c-W-ambn kztZ-im-`n-am-\nsb am‰n-sb-Sp-°-W-sa∂v At±-l-Øn\p \n¿_-‘-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu kµ¿`Øn-emWp tKmhn-µ∏ - n≈ as‰mcp ]{Xm-[n-]Xyw kzoIcn-®p-sIm≠p kztZ-im-`n-am\n hn´p-t]mb-Xv. kztZ-im`n-am-\n°v A\p-tbm-Py-\mb ]{Xm-[n-]sc Is≠-tØ≠Xv Aßs\ ASn- b - ¥ - c - a mb Bh- i yambnØo¿∂p.

Xs‚ Bi-b-߃°-\p-tbm-Py-\mb Hcp ]{Xm[n-]¿°p -th-≠n-bp≈ At\z-j-W-Øn-s\m-Sp-hnauehn Is≠-Øn-bXp sI. cma-Ir-jvW] - n-≈s - b-bmWv . Xm≥ At\z- j n- ® p- s Im- ≠ n- c p∂ ]{Xm- [ n]scØs∂ Is≠- Ø n- b - X mbn At±- l - Ø n\p tXm∂n. cma-Ir-jvW-]n≈ {]h¿Øn-®n-cp∂ ]{X߃ H∂pw-Xs∂ At±-l-Øns‚ Bi-b-ß-fp-ambn s]mcp-Øs - ∏-´p-t]m-Ip-hm≥ Ign-hp-≈h - b - m-bn-cp-∂n-√.

AXp-sIm-≠v C\nbpw ]{Xm-[n-]-cmbn {]h¿Øn°m≥ Ign-bn√ F∂ Xocp-am-\-hpambn HXp-ßn-°qSpIbm-bn-cp∂p At±lw. Aß-s\-bn-cn-°p-tºm-gmWv auehn At±-lsØ tXSn-s®-√p-∂-Xv. aue-hn-bpsS hy‡n-Xz-Ønepw Bflm¿∞-X-bnepw kwkm-c-co-Xnbnepw cma-IrjvW]n≈ BIr-jvS-\m-bn. F¶nepw D≈n-s‚-bp-≈n¬ At±-lØ - n\p kwi-bß - f - p-≠m-bncp-∂p. aue-hn-bm-I-s´, cma-Ir-jvW-]n-≈-bpsS at\mKXn Xncn-®-dn-™p-sIm-≠p≈ kao-]-\-amWp kzoIcn-®-Xv. cma-Ir-jvW-]n-≈-bpsS BZ¿i-[o-c-X AwKo-Icn-°p-Ibpw \ne-]m-Sp-Isf BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXpsIm-≠mWp auehn At±-lsØ ]{Xm-[n-]-cmbn £Wn-®X - v. ]{Xm-[n-]¿ F∂p≈ \ne-bn¬ ]cn-]q¿Wkzm-X{¥yw At±lw hmKvZm\w sNbvXp. Ncn-{XØn¬ A]q¿∆-ambn am{Xw kw`hn°m-hp∂ Hcp _‘w AhnsS Bcw-`n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]{Xm-[n-]cpsS kzmX-{¥y-ambn A`n-{]m-bc - q-]h - X - vIc - W - Ø - n\pw Bhn-jvIc - W - Ø - n-\p-ambn kztZ-im-`n-am-\n-bpsS t]PpIƒ Xpd-∂p-sIm-Sp-Ø-t∏mƒ {]Xn-`m-[-\-\mb Hcp ]{Xm-[n-]¿°p hf-cp-hm-\p≈ Ah-kcw \¬Ip-IbmWp auehn sNbvX-Xv. Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h≥ B{K-ln-°p-Ibpw as‰m-cn-SØpw Is≠-Øp-hm≥ IgnbmXncp-∂Xp-amb Hcp Ah-k-c-amWp cma-Ir-jvW-]n≈bv°p e`n-®-Xv. aue-hn-bpsS £Ww kzoI-cn®v At±- l hpw `mcy Ieym- W n- b - Ω bpw h°Øv ]q{¥m≥hn-fmIw ho´n-se-Øn. aue-hn-bpsS ktlmZ-cs‚ hoSv Ah¿°p Xma-kn-°m-\mbn \¬In. 1906 P\p-hcn 17 apX¬ ]pXnb ]{Xm-[n-]¿ sI. cma-Ir-jvW-]n-≈-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ kztZ-im-`nam\n c≠mw hmeyw H∂mw e°w apX¬ {]kn-≤o-Isk]vXw-_¿ 2016

cn®p XpS-ßn. tIc-fØ - n¬ \s´-√p≈, BtcmSpw hnt[bXzan√mØ {]kn-≤o-Ic - W - Ø - ns‚ XpS-°a - m-bn-cp∂p AXv. [oc-amb ]co-£-W-߃°v F√m-°m-eØpw Zp¿L-SL-´-ß-fn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-tI≠n hcp-sa-∂p-

kztZ-im-`n-am\n cma-Ir-jvW-]n-≈≈Xv Hcp Ncn-{X-k-Xy-am-Wv. kztZ-im-`n-am-\n-bpsS XpS¿∂p≈ {]h¿Ø-\hpw AXn\v A`n-ap-Jo-I-cnt°≠n h∂ {]Xn-k-‘n-Ifpw Cu hkvXp-X-bn-te°mWp shfn®w ]I-cp-∂-Xv. Xs‚ Bibm`n-em-j߃°\pkr-X-amb Hch-kcw Xs∂ tXSn-sb-ØnbXmbn cma-Ir-jvW-]n-≈bv°pw tXm∂n. AXp-sIm≠p-X-s∂-bmWp ]{X-Øn\p th≠n kzbw ka¿∏n°m≥ At±lw Xocp-am-\n-®-Xv. cma- I rjv W ]n≈bv ° p \¬Inb hmKv Z m\w hm°nepw {]hrØn-bnepw ]q¿W-ambn ]men-°p-∂Xn¬ auehn AXo-h-{i-≤m-ep-hm-bn-cp-∂p. (3) ]{Xm-[n]-cpsS {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ bmsXm-cp-hn[ CS-s]-S-epIfpw aue-hn-bpsS `mK-Øp-\n-∂p-≠m-bn-√. AXp-am{X-a-√, a‰p-≈-h-cmcpw Xs∂ ]{Xm-[n-]-cpsS kzmX-{¥yØn¬ ssIhbv°-cp-sX∂pw aue-hn°p \n¿_-‘-ap-

(15) ≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]{X-tØmSp _‘-s∏´ kmº-ØnI CS-]m-Sp-Iƒ ssIImcyw sNøp-∂X - n\p cma-Ir-jvW] - n-≈bv°p kzmX{¥yw \evIn. ]{Xm-[n-]¿°p \n›-bn-°-s∏-´n-cp∂ iºfØpI-bn¬ Ihn™ Hcp kwJy Hmtcm amkhpw IrXy-amb ka-b-Øp-Xs∂ FØn-®p-sIm-SpØn-cp-∂p. kztZ-im-`n-am-\n-bpsS Bÿm\w A©p-sX-ßn¬ \n∂p Xe-ÿm-\-tØ°p am‰n-bXv, ]{Xm-[n-]¿°p IqSp-X¬ kabw ]{XØn-\p- th≠n sNe-hg - n-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-sa-∂p- ≈ - XpsIm-≠m-Wv. tIcf-Øns‚ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-N-cn-{X-Øn¬ Hcp ]{Xw BZy-ambn {]XnZn\]Xn-∏p-Ifnd-°n-bXv 1908 \hw-_¿ amk-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. kztZ-im`n-am-\n-bm-bn-cp∂p B ]{Xw. (4) `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS {]hrØn-Iƒ FSp-Øp-]-d™p hna¿in°p-Ibpw {]XymLmX-ßsf∏‰n i‡-amb `mj-bn¬ ap∂dnbn∏p \¬IpIbpw sNøp∂ AXn\nin-X-amb hna¿i-\-co-Xn-bmWp cma-IrjvW] - n≈ Ahw-e_ - n-®X - v. P\m-[n-]X - y-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ k¶-ev]ß - ƒ AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-SmØ Ime-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. \ma-am-{X-ambn P\-{]Xn-\n-[n-k`- I - ƒ {]h¿Øn®p XpS-ßn-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw cmPm-hns‚ Xocpam\w Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p \nb-aw. P\m-[n-]-Xy-co-Xn-bn-ep≈ `c-W-kwhn-[m-\Ø - ns‚ Iogvhg-°ß - s - f-°p-dn®p P\߃ A⁄-cm-bn-cp-∂p. ]{X{]h¿Ø-\-amI-s´, i‡-amb \nb-{¥-W-Øn\p hnt[-bhpw. cmPy-Xm-Xv]-cy-Øn\p hncp-≤-sa∂v A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ°p tXm∂p-I-bm-sW-¶nGXp {]kn-≤o-I-c-Whpw AS®p ]q´m≥ k¿°m-cn\v A[n-Im-ca - p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. `c-Wm[n-Im-cn-Iƒs°-Xntc hy‡n-]c - a - mb hna¿i\-߃ \S-Øp∂ ]{Xm-[n-]sc cmPy-t{Zm-lIp-‰-am-tcm-]n®p in£n-°p-hm-\p≈ Ah-Imihpw Ah¿°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iqdns\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw hna¿i-\-߃ GXp `mK-Øp-\n-∂p-≠m-bmepw AwKo-I-cn°m≥ Iq´m-°mØ `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-amWp \ne-hn-en-cp-∂-Xv. Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ Znhm-\m-bn-cp∂ ]n. cmP-tKm-]m-em-Nmcn GIm-[n-]Xy{]h-W-Xbp≈ `c-Wm-[n-Imcnbmbn-cp-∂p. B GIm[n-]X - y-{]-hW - X - sb cma-Ir-jvW] - n≈ \ninX-ambn hna¿in-®p. cma-Ir-jvW-]n-≈bv°p cmPm-hn-t\mSv FXn¿∏n-√m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂p-am{X-a√ At±lw Hcp cmP-`-‡-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p.

F∂m¬, cmPm- h ns‚ t]cn¬ Znhm\pw Znhm≥ cmPtk-hI - cpw \S-Øn-bn-cp∂ Agn-aX - n-Iƒ hna¿i-\-hn-t[-b-am-°p-∂-Xn¬ Hcp hn´p-ho-gvNbv°pw At±lw Xbmdm-bn-√. Znhms‚ Zp¿`-c-W-Øn-s\-Xntc cma-Ir-jvW-]n≈ i‡-ambn {]Xn-Ic - n-®p. cmP-`c - W - Ø - n¬ \S-°p∂ Agn-aX - n-If - psS IY-Iƒ Hs∂m∂mbn ]pd-Øp-h-cm≥ XpS-ßn. Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\cw-KØv AsXmcp ]pXn-b- A\p-`-h-am-bn-cp∂p.

`c-W-Iq-SsØ hna¿in-®p-sIm≠p≈ Ht´sd apJ-{]-kw-Kß - ƒ kztZim-`n-am-\n-bn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏´p. Ahbn¬ Nne-Xns‚ Xe-s°-´p-Iƒ C{]Im-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. "Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iqdpw ssI°q-en-°mcpw', "cmPy-tk-hI - cpw Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ Kh¨sa‚pw', "sIm´mc-Ønse sIme-]m-XIw', "k¿°m¿ k¿∆okv Zqjyw cmP-`-‡n-h¿[-\', "i¶-c- \-ºq-Xn-cnsb \mSp-IS- Ø - c - ptXm'.

"Hcp e£w cq]' F∂ Xe-s°-´n-segp-Xnb apJ-{]-kw-K-Øn¬ {ioaqew Xncp-\m-fns‚ aI-fpsS sI´p-Ie - ym-WØn\p s]mXp-JP - \m-hn¬ \n∂p sNehgn® `oa-amb XpI-sb-∏‰- n-bmWp ]cma¿in-®n-cp-∂X - .v DtZym-KÿZpjv{]-`p-XzsØ-°p-dn®pw Ah-cpsS A[m¿an-IX - -

]n. cmP-tKm-]m-em-Nmcn sb-°p-dn®pw Xpd-∂-Sn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ teJ-\ß - ƒ kztZ-im-`n-am\n {]kn-≤oI-cn-®p. "K¿ly-amb \SØw' F∂ apJ-{]-kw-KØ - n-eqsS Znhms‚ kZm-Nmc-t_m-[sØ ]{Xm-[n-]¿ Xpd-∂p-Imsk]vXw-_¿ 2016

(16) Wn-®p. (5) tS-≠Xv F∂ \ne-]m-SmWp Znhm≥ A∂sØ cmjv{SobkmlN-cy-ßf - n¬ kztZ-im-`n-am\n ]{X-Øn\pw kzoI-cn-®-Xv. AXp-sIm≠p ]{Xw AXns‚ ]{Xm-[n-]¿°pw F¥mWp kw`-hn-°m≥ t]mIp-∂s - X∂v Duln- I≠p-sI-´p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w ]{Xm-[n°m-hp-∂t- X-bp-≈q. A`yp-Zb - I - mw-£n-If - mb ]ecpw cma-Ir-jvW] - n-≈sb ]- s cbpw in£n- ° - W - s a- ∂ p≈ D]-tZ-in-®p. A]-ISw ]Xn-bn-cn-∏p≠v F∂ hkvXpX At±-lsØ Xocp-am\saSpt°≠nh∂p. F√m Hm¿Ωn∏n®psIm-≠n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬, cma-Ir-jvW-]n≈ Xs‚ kao-]-\- ]gp- X p- I fpw AS- ® p- s Im- ≠ p≈ Øn¬ am‰w hcp-Øn-bn√.

Hcp cmP-Iobhnfw-_-c-tØmsS ]cn-{i-a-ß-sf√mw ]cm-P-b-s∏-´-t∏mƒ kplr-Øp-°ƒ aue-hnsb 1910 sk]v ‰ w- _ ¿ 26 \p ]{Xw hkvXp-X-Iƒ t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ {ian-®p. k¿°m-cns\ hna¿in-°p-∂- I≠p- s I- ´ p- I bpw ]{Xm- [ n- ] sc Xn¬ \n∂p ]{Xm-[n-]sc ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°-W-sa∂pw As√-¶n¬ AXv A]-IS- w- £Wn-®p-hc - p-Øp-sa∂pw Ah¿ At±-ltØmSp ]d-™p. As√-¶n¬ `oaamb XpI apS°n hmßnb {] v I≠p-sI-´m-\n-Sbp-s≠∂pw Ah¿ ap∂-dnbn∏p \¬In. F∂m¬, Cu D]-tZ-i-ß-sfm∂pw aue-hn-bn¬ bmsXmcp Ne-\-hpw krjvSn-®n-√. Hcp Imcyw hy‡-am-Wv. Agn-aX - n-°pw GIm-[n-]Xy{]h-WX - I - ƒ°p-sa-Xntc cma-Ir-jvW-]n≈ \S-Ønb ka-c-Øn\p aue-hnbpsS ]q¿W]n¥p-W-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kztZ-im-`n-am-\n, `c-W-I¿Øm-°ƒs°-Xn-tcbp≈ hna¿i\w \n-¿Øm≥ XømdmImØ kmlN- c y- Ø n¬ Ah¿ as‰mcp am¿§w kzoI- c n- ® p. ]{Xhpw {] pw tNmZn-°p∂ hne-bvs°-Sp-Øp-sIm≈m-sa∂p Znhms‚ {]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ aue-hnsb Adnbn- ® p. CØcw {]tem- ` - \ - ß ƒ sIms≠m∂pw auehn Xs‚ \ne-]m-Sn¬ am‰w hcp-Øn-bn-√. kztZim- ` n- a m\n Znhm- s \- X n- s c- b p≈ B{I- a - W - ß ƒ XpS¿∂p. 1910 BKÃv 26 \v kztZ-im-`n-am-\n-bnZnhm-s\-Xntc AXn-i-‡-amb hna¿i-\-ß-fp-ambn "K¿ly-amb \SØw' F∂ Xe-s°-´n¬ {]Xy-£s∏´ apJ-{]-kwKw `c-W-Iq-SsØ De-®p. AXp Znhms‚ hy‡n-]-c-amb kwkvIm-c-cm-ln-XysØ am{X-a√ At±-lsØ h®ps]mdp-∏n-°p∂ cmPm-hns\bpw hna¿in-°p∂ coXn-bnemWp ]pd-Øp-h-∂{ioaqew Xncp-\mƒ Xv. kv{XoP-\-ßsf ]c-ky-ambn Ah-tl-fn-°p∂ Znhms‚ {]h¿Ø-\s - Ø-°p-dn®p ]cm-a¿in-®X - n-\p\mSp-Itijw teJ\w Ah-km-\n-°p-∂-Xn-ß-s\-bmWv: ""alm-cmPm hnimJw Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ \n∂p (7) Xncp-\m-fns‚ Ime-Øm-bn-cp∂p Znhm≥ Cßs\ s]cp-am-dn-bn-cp-∂sX- S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. cma-Ir-jvW-]n-≈ \mSp-I-S¶n¬ Xncp- a - \ - ns‚ IpXn- c - ° m- c s‚ Ihp©n sIm≠v Cu a{¥nÿm\hy`n-Nm-cnsb sXmen s]mfn-®p h - n-Sp-am-bn-cp-∂p.'' (6) alm-cm-Pm-hmb Ø-s∏´p IÆq-cn¬ Ign-™n-cp∂ {ioaqew Xncp-\m-fns‚ Ign-hn-√m-bva kqNn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠mWp teJ\w ImeØv At±-lsØ Biz-kn-∏n°p-hm≥ h°w aue-hn-b-√msX ]q¿Ønbm-°p-∂-Xv. AtXmsS kztZ-im-`n-am-\n-s°-Xntc i‡-amb \S-]S- n-sb-Sp-°p-hm≥ a‰mcpap≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ah¿ XΩnXocp-am-\-am-bn. ]{Xw I≠p-sI´n AXns‚ {]kn-≤o-I-cWw \n¿Ø-em- ep≈ _‘w, cma-Ir-jvW-]n-≈°p-∂-tXmSp IqSn {]iv\w ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-Sp-sa-∂-p≈Xm-bn-cp∂p {]Xo- bpsS \mSp-I-S-Ø-temsS Ah-km£n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬, ]{X-a√ AXns‚ ]{Xm-[n-]-cmWp in£n-°-s∏- \n-®n-√. "kztZ-im-`n-am\n cma-Irsk]vXw-_¿ 2016

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jvW-]n≈' F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Ncn-{X-]p-cp-js\ B \ne-bn-se-Øn-® t{]cIi‡n aue-hn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

At±- l - Ø ns‚ {i≤m- ] q¿∆- a mb {]h¿Ø- \ hpw ]n¥p-Wb - p-amWp cma-Ir-jvW] - n-≈sb Adn-bs - ∏-Sp∂ ]{Xm-[n-]-cm-°n-b-Xv. aue-hnsb ]q¿W-ambpw a\- nem-°p-hm\pw At±-l-Øns‚ Dt±iyi-e-£y-ß-sf°p-dn®p hy‡-ambn [cn-°m\pw Ign-™-Xp-sIm≠mWp cma-Ir-jvW-]n-≈bv°p i‡-amb \ne-]msS-Sp°p-hm\pw AXnepd-®p-\n-ev°p-hm\pw Ign-™Xv. F¥ph∂mepw auehn Xt∂m-sSm-∏-ap-≠m-Ip-sa∂p≈ hnizmkw At±-l-Øn\p ss[cyw ]I¿∂p.

B ss[cy-Øn¬ \n∂p e`n® Du¿÷-w aqeamWp kztZ-im-`n-am-\n-bn-eqsS Xs‚ BZ¿i-߃ BhnjvI-cn-°m-\pw \ne-]m-Sp-I-fnepd®p \nev°m\pw AXph-gn, tIcfw A∂p-hsc I≠n-´n-√mØ Hcp ]{Xm-[n]-cmbn Db-cp-hm\pw At±-l-Øn\p Ign-™-Xv. AXn\-t±lw Btcm-sS-¶nepw IS-s∏-´n-´p-s≠-¶n¬ AXp h°w aue-hn-tbmSp am{X-am-Wv.

]{Xm-[n-]cpw ]{X-ap-S-abpw XΩnep- ≠ m- b n- c n- t °≠, D≠m- b n- c n- ° - W sa∂v F√m-hcpam{K-ln-°p∂ Hc-]q¿∆_-‘-amWp h°w aue-hnbpw cma-IrjvW-]n-≈bpw XΩn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. ]{Xm-[n-]¿°p kzmX{¥yw \¬Ip-∂psh∂v Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂ ]{X-ap-S-a-Iƒ ]ecpw kz¥w ]{X-Øns‚ \ne-\n¬]v A]-I-S-Øn-em-Ip∂ L´-Øn¬, AXp ]{Xm-[n-]-cpsS \ne-]mSp Imc-W-am-Wp≠m-bn-´p-≈s - X-¶n¬, At±-lsØ c≠ma-sXm∂p Nn¥n-°msX ]pd-Øm-°p-∂Xn¬ aSn ImWn-°p-∂-h-c-√. ]{X-ap-S-abpsS cmjv{Sob \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ°p hncp≤- a mbn teJ\w {]kn- ≤ o- I - c n- ° m≥ Hcp ]{Xm- [ n- ] cpw Xbm- d m- I p- I - b n- √ . ]{Xm-[n-]-kzm-X-{¥y-sa-∂p-≈Xp tIhew Hcp k¶-ev]w a - m-{X-am-Wv. AXp tIc-f-Øntem C¥y-bntem am{X-a-√, temI-hym-]-I-ambp≈ s]mXp-kz-`m-ham-Wv. Cu hkvXp-X-I-fpsS ]›m-Ø-eØn¬ kztZ-im-`n-am\n ]{X-Øns‚ DSabpw ]{Xm-[n-]cpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘sØ hne- b n- c p- Ø p- t ºm- g mWp ]{X{]h¿Ø- \ - t a- J - e - b n¬ h°w auehn \evInb alØmb kw`m-h-\sb- ° p- d n®p hy‡- a m- I p- ∂ Xv . Hcp- ] t£, Bh¿Øn- ° m≥ km[y- X - b n√mØ AXy]q¿∆hpw Akm-[m-c-W-hpamb _‘am-bn-cp∂p AXv. temI-]-{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-N-cn-{X-ØnXs∂-bp-≠m-bn-´p≈ AXy-]q¿∆-amb Hcp _‘w F∂v AXns\ hnti-jn-∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ 1. ]pXp-∏≈n cmL-h≥, tIc-f-]-{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-N-cn-{Xw, t]Pv 207 2. Sn. Pam¬ apl-Ω-Zv, kztZ-im-`n-am\n h°w aue-hn, t]Pv 71 3. ]pXp-∏≈n cmL-h≥, t]Pv 212 4. ae-bm-f-a-t\m-ca \hw-_¿ 30, 2008 5. kztZ-im-`n-am-\n, HmKÃv 24, 1910 6. Ibid 7. cmP-Iob hnfw-_-cw, sI. cma-Ir-jvW-]n-≈, Fs‚ \mSpI-S-ج t]Pv 27

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tUm. Sn. Pam¬ apl-ΩZv NcnXw, Imcy-h´w, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw 695 581 sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

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JOURNALISM –

ACTIVE, PASSIVE OR “SAFE”?

Shoma A. Chatterji

I

nternet and the Social Media networks have made is possible for journalists from across the globe to get together and discuss, debate, argue and talk about the changes in journalism over time and how the tenets of negotiation, honesty, integrity and industry have changed or not changed between and among journalists and between the journalist and his/her readers. The Media and Development Network Group on the Communication Initiative Platform takes on a subject and opens it for discussion on the pros and cons of the subject that can range from simple, straightforward journalism through a broader base for journalism that covers global areas and also focuses specifically on areas such as Latin America, Africa, besides other areas of research such as strategic thinking, and so on.

Recently, Warren Feek, an active initiator of discussions in the group sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

posted some points inviting discussions on active and passive journalism into The Media and Development Network Group urging journalists from across the map to join in the discussion. Writes Feek, “The role, positioning and responsibility of journalists and journalism related to Development issues are areas of much debate.. The CI’s summary of the recent Nordicom publication: ”Journalism in Conflict and Post-Conflict Conditions: Worldwide Perspectives” commences with this challenging quote: “[R]eporting on events is not just a passive process. In constructing a narrative for the reader, the journalist plays an active role in defining the event in question and underlining what is at stake. In so doing, the journalist both reports as well as joins the effort to forge a way forward.” Feek urges journalists to state whether they

(19) agree or do not agree with this statement.

Responding to this, Jason Browne writes: “There are two challenges here.. Studies such as this one refer to “the media” as a collective mass, with little differentiation. There are decades of such studies, that reflect upon impacts of ‘themedia’ on

societal problems. Yet there is still little evaluation of capacity of ‘the media’ to participate in these studies, or indeed, the problems themselves.Another challenge is that academics frequently fudge the importance of ‘the media’ in creating mass awareness. Here we learn that news media occupy “a” significant position addressing issues. As indicated in an earlier post about the enduring importance of radio in reaching mass audiences, mass media, I suggest, occupy ‘the’ significant position.”

He goes on to add that even with most countries enjoying wide access to mobile phone services, broadcasting remains the main means by which people receive information about the world around them.. Journalists are most passive when it comes to their own affairs - issues of ethics, capacity and development. After nearly a decade of vaguely discussing a worldwide crisis in journalism, there is still little recognition that the Fourth Estate has failed, and that journalism is beyond crisis.

According to Sugata Roy, “We have three types of journalists - Senior Journalists who wriites columns, next are journalists in the middle level who only report on the facts on ground and lastly we have entry level journalists or stringers. The last groups only report small, petty stories and if they stumble upon a big news it is appropriated by the middle level journalists. The terms of reference of these two types of journos are only to report facts, highlight problems and at regular interval act like activists.

They cannot have any opinion or solution. They are trained only to speak of problem. If and when solutions are offered by columnists, they might or might not be accepted by bureaucrats and policy makers.

So the journalists are left with no option other than highlighting the problems.

Interestingly, policy makers wake up only to make a hue and cry not to a piece which offers solution. That is the unfortunate scenario in the south Asia. This will continue until there is a policy where, views of journos, are integrated in the decision making process. This will bring change in the reporting style and stories on best practices and solutions will find its way.”

But journalists are also concerned about what is ‘safe’ journalism and what might be considered ‘unsafe’ journalism considering the sensitivity of a sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

(20) given issue. For example, many young journalists might shy away from reporting on doing opinion pieces on the present issue around Kashmir especially following the Uni killing of army soldiers on September 18 2014. Or, say, whether some political parties are neglecting the Dalits and minorities and focussing on the Hindu card. No journalist can guarantee ‘safety’ while dealing with these questions while writing. One either has to steer clear of these issues or become completely active almost as a vicarious participant in the subject one is writing about. In this sense, ‘passive’ journalism can be assumed to be politically correct that will not raise the hackles of the editor or the management or the governing body that runs the publication or group of publications.

subject, such as the killing of secular fighters against superstition such as Narayan Dhabolkar, the print media article might raise the hackles of people sensitive about the subject while the same article posted online will have disappeared even before these people notice it.

Does a freelance journalist have more access to dealing with sensitive issues and therefore become more active? Or, does a regular, paid correspondent have better access dependent on the ‘rope’ of liberty his editor permits him? In active journalism, whether one is reporting, or opinion pieces, or, editorials, it is difficult to draw a clear line of distinction between active and passive journalism because even as one is researching a given story, one gets involved and the line between the two tends to get blurred beyond recognition. Paid journalists owe allegiance to the organization that employs them and pays them and have to keep in line with the political beliefs and editorial policies of the paper.

All said and done, the active-passive debate must be decided by the journalist himself.

If he feels stifled by his employing organization for drawing limits to his being active and aggressive in his writing or reporting, he should think over quitting the organization either to join another or to become a freelancer. Accuracy, honesty, authenticity, integrity and a balance between becoming opinionated and remaining objective are issues of ideology a journalist must aspire to reach, Whether he will be able to reach the peak of the mountain will depend entirely on him. “Safe” is a word that should be thrown out of any and every journalist’s lexicon.

Online journalism brings greater opportunity for the freedom to be active but one must remember that online stories have a much shorter shelf-life than print journalism. The result is that even if you are actively writing on a given

The writer is a freelance journalist, author and film scholar based in Kolkata. She has authored 17 books and contributed to many compilations on cinema, family and gender.

sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

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Email: shoma.chatterji@gmail.com

{^w h¿Ωm-Pn, hnØv eu

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sI.-F¬. taml-\-h¿Ω

UnPn-‰¬ aoUnb Ip

d-®p-amkw apºmWv. ]pXp-Xmbn Bcw-`n® Hcp ]pkvXI{]kn-≤o-Ic - W ÿm]-\w, UnPn-‰¬ cwKtØ°p {]th-in-°m≥ Xøm-dmbn Fs∂ kao-]n-®ncp-∂p. Hcp t\mh¬ thWw. UnPn-‰-embn Cd-°m-\mWv. ]ckyw hgnbpw hmb-\-°m¿°v Aev]mev]w {^obmbpw tijw hnebv°pw \evIn kmº-ØnIw icn-bm-°pw. Dd-∏m-Wv. ]ns∂ hmb-\° - m-cpsS FÆw.

AXp Iq´pw. C\n UnPn-‰-ens‚ ImeamWv. F\n-s°mcp Imcyw Xo¿®-bm-bn-cp-∂p. kz¥w t]gvk-W¬ Iºyq-´-dns‚ ]pkvX-ItØ-°mƒ hen∏-ap≈ kv{Io\n-tem, Sm_ns‚ ]pkvX-Ihen-∏-ap≈ {]X-e-Øntem t\m°n-bn-cp∂v Bcpw ]Øp an\n-‰pt]mepw Hcp t\mh¬ hmbn-°n-√. Hcp hoUntbm It≠-°mw. hm¿Ø hmbn-t®-°mw. ]m´p tIt´-°mw. ]{Xw hmbn- t ®- ° mw. teJ\hpw hmbn- t ®- ° mw. ]t£, Hcp t\mh¬, \o≠- I - Y ... hmbn- ° n- √ . t\mhtem AXp-t]mse \o≠ aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ Ipds®-¶nepw GIm{Kambn {i≤ tI{µo-Ic - n-t°≠ am‰¿ IS-emkv ]pkvXI - c - q-]Ø - n-e√ - msX hmbn-°p∂ tIkpIƒ Xosc A]q¿h-am-Wv. ]pkvXIw s\©n¬ ht®m ap∂ntem sskUntem ht®m aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ hmbn-°pw. ]pkvXI-Øns‚ t]Pp-Iƒ adn-°p-∂Xpw CSbv°p {i≤ H∂p Xncn-bp-tºmƒ t]Pns‚ tIm¨ aS-°n-h-bv°p∂Xpw hmbn-®nSw ]n∂oSv Xnc-bp-∂Xpw AhnSw In´p-

tºmƒ Adn-bmsX kt¥m-jn-°p-∂Xpw CS-bvs°m∂v ]n∂nse Nne t]Pp-I-fn-te°p t]mIp-∂Xpw F√mw ]pkvX-I-hm-b-\-bpsS `mK-am-Wv. CXp Iºyq-´-dnepw Sm_nepw ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ doU¿ {^≠ven kzIm-cyX-tbmsS {]mIvSn-°-embn A\p-`-hn-°m≥ ]‰n-√.

ImcWw IY-sb-gp-Xnb A£-cß - t- f-°mƒ efn-Xhpw BI¿j-I-hp-amb Nn{Xßfpw i_vZ-ßfpw A\-°ßfpw Ifn-Ifpw hm¿Ø-Ifpw F√mw Hcp hnc-ea¿Øen¬ In´ptºmƒ teiw t_md- S n- ® m- e p- S ≥ t¢mkp sNøm-hp-∂n-SØv \n∂p t]mIm-hp∂ UnPn‰¬ t\mh-ens‚ \ne A]-I-S-Øn-em-Wv. C∂v ap∏-Xp-h-b- n\p taep≈ Xe-ap-d- AΩbpsS aSn-bn¬ \n∂v Fgp-t∂‰v HmSm\pw NmSm\pw XpSßn-bt- ∏mƒ Bcw-`n-®X - mWv A®-Sn® IS-em-knse hmb-\. ]pkvX-I-hm-b\ CjvS-an-√m-Ø-h¿ t]mepw sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

(22) hnt\m-Zhpw hn⁄m-\hpw a\x-]q¿h-a√ - msX t\Sp-∂p≠v. kvIqfn¬ h®v sSIvÃv _p°n¬ ]≠p ]Tn® Ncn-{X-Øn-s‚bpw kmln-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw Hm¿Ω-Iƒ. slb¿I-´nMv keq-Wn¬ Dugw ImØn-cn-°p-tºmƒ hmbn® ]gb amkn-I-bpsS Xmfp-I-fnse ck-I-c-amb A\p-`-h-߃. s{Sbn-\n¬ h®v ASp-Øn-cp∂ bm{X°m- c s‚ ssIbn¬ I≠ kmbm- ” - ∏ - { X- Ø nse kvtXm`-P-\-I-amb {Iqc-hm¿Ø-Iƒ. Nmb-°-S-bn\n∂p hS s]mXn™p In´nb tPyma{Sn ]pkvXI - Ø - mfnse {XntIm-Whpw ]nc-anUpw Db¿Øn-b, Ip´n-°meØp kPo-ha - m-bn-cp∂ imkv{X-kvt\-lw. Ch-sb√mw tN¿∂p ]mXn apdn™p ]mXn sh¥p ]mXn Zln®v Ahn¬∏-cp-h-Øn-ep≈ Bi-b-߃, ÿncw ]pkvXI-hm-b-\-°m-c-√m-Ø-h¿ t]mepw A`n-am-\-ambn IcpXp- ∂ p- ≠ v . ]pkv X Iw hmßn- ® p. ]t£, Xpd∂p t\m°m≥ ssSw In´n-bn-√. \mw km[m-cW tIƒ°p∂, \mw Xs∂ ]d-bm-dp≈ CutKm-sk≥{SnIv hm°pI-fm-Wv. ]ns∂ c≠m-a-Xv, C∂v hen-∏-sam-gnsI as‰√mØnepw Iºyq-´dpw Sm_pw \evIp∂ tkh-\-ßfpƒs∏sS a‰p ]eXpw IqSn \¬Ip∂ samss_t^mWns‚ hchpw AXp \sΩ Iogvs∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xpw. CubnsS tIc-fØ - n¬ BZy-ambn samss_¬ t^m¨ km[m-cW P\-Øn\p ap∂n¬ Ah-X-cn® Zn\-sØ°p-dn®p hm¿Ø I≠-t∏mƒ Hm¿Ω h∂p. Ccp-]Xp sIm√w apºm-Wv. 1996 sk]v‰w-_-dn¬ Fkvt°m-´¬

Iº-\n-bpsS (C-∂sØ sFUn-bm) tIc-f-Ønse {]h¿Øt\mZvLm-S\w Fd-Wm-Ip-fØp h®m-bncp∂p.

A∂v Fs‚ aI≥ kp`mjv Fkvt°m-´-ens‚ ]cky-hn-`m-K-Øn¬ FIvkn-Iyq-´nhv BWv. samss_ens‚ BZyhnfn DZvLm-S-\-Øn\v Hcp hnsF-]nsb thWw. Ft∂mSv D]-tZiw tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ Rm≥ ]d™p. CXv Iayq-Wn-t°-js‚ bpK-∏n-d-hn-bm-Wv. Fgpsk]vXw-_¿ 2016

Øn¬ \n∂v H®-bn-te-°p≈ {Sm≥kvan-j≥. G‰hpw ]‰nb Bƒ Fgp-Øns‚ Ipe-]-Xn-bmb XIgn inh¶-c-∏n-≈-bm-Wv. A∂v am[-hn-°p´nbpw (I-a-em-Zm-kv, ]n∂oSv Iae kpc-ø) Rm\pw tN¿∂v Hcp Iq´p-t\mh¬˛ Aam-hmkn cNn-°p∂ ka-b-am-Wv. XI-gn-t®´≥ tIc-f-Øn¬ \n-∂p-≈ BZy samss_¬ hnfn \SØn˛ Zn√n-bn-te°v Fkvt°m-´-ens‚ No^v Sfi\p-am-bn. tN®n, am[-hn-°p-´n, Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-tØ°p hnfn®p kmwkvIm-cn-I-a-{¥n-bp-ambn kwkm-cn-®p.

Rm≥ tlmwtIm-ßnse t]c‚ v Iº-\n-bpsS C¥y≥ Hm∏-td-j≥ No^v sImdn-b-°m-c-\p-ambn i_vZw ]¶n´p. (A∂v Ah¿ X∂ AtX samss_IWIvj\mWv C∂pw Ft‚-Xv). Ccp-]Xp h¿jta Bbp-≈q. C∂v samss_¬ Ahn-iz-k\ - o-bamw hn[w tIc-f-Øn-se-sb-∂-√, temIw apgp-h\pap≈ am\-hP-\-X-bpsS `mK-am-bn-°-gn-™p. Hcn-°epw kb≥kv ^nIvj≥Imscm-gnsI Bcpw kz]v\w t]mepw I≠ncp-∂-X-√, Cu am‰w.

C°-gn™ ]Xn-\©p h¿jw, Ccp-]-sØm∂mw \q‰m-≠nse BZy H∂c ZiIw Xs∂ temI-Øn\p hcp-Ønb am‰-ß-fpsS Hcp sNdnb ]Xn∏p ImWm≥ \mw Fßpw t]mtI-≠. Np‰pw t\m°n-bm¬ aXn. imkv{X-˛km-t¶Xn-Ic - w-KsØ \hw- \h-ßf - mb I≠p]n-Sn-Ø-ßsf \ΩpsS Ip™p-߃ kzmwio-I-cn°p∂ coXn {i≤n-®m¬ aXn. temI-sØ-√m-bn-SØpw Bsd- ´ p- a mkw {]mb- a p≈ Ip™v Bcpw t{]mw]v‰v sNømsX BZyw D®-cn-°p∂ i_vZw AΩsb hnfn-°p∂ "a'bmWv. aΩn, amXm, amw, AΩ, aZ¿. F¥p-am-Imw AXnse "a' F∂ i_v Z w. ]t£, Ct∏mƒ H∂p kq£n®p t\m°q. "a' sas√ amdn "tem' BIp-I-bm-Wv. sk¬t^m-Wnse ltem-bpsS "tem'. CXp shdpw Xam-ib - mbn Icp-Xc - p-Xv. H∂p {i≤n-°q.

Cu am‰w \mw ImWm-Xn-cn-°-cp-Xv. 2013 ¬ HmkvIm¿ t\man-t\-j≥ In´nb sl¿ F∂ tlmfn-hpUv Ne-®n-{XsØ \mbI≥ tPm°n≥ Xs‚ ImapIn kvIm¿e-‰ns‚ i_vZ-Øn¬ kwkm-cn-°p∂ I]yq-´-dp-ambn t{]a-Øn-em-Ip-∂p-≠v. F∂pw cmhnse Ahƒ A∂∂p sNtø≠ Imcy-߃, A∂sØ Imem-hÿ, Adn-™n-cn-t°≠ {][m\ hm¿Ø-Iƒ F√mw Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°pw. Rm≥ ]Xn-s\´p sIm√w apºv Cw•ojn¬ Fgp-Xnb \n°n B≥Uv Zn I]yq-´¿ sshdkv F∂ Ip´n-I-fpsS kb≥kv ^nIvj≥ t\mh-enAXnse Ggp hb- p-Imcn \mbnI \n°n X\n°p Ifn-°m-\mbn In´nb ]gb Iºyq-´-dn¬ Hfn®p Ibdn

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]m¿Øn-cp∂ ]c-tem-I-Po-hn-bmb hb- ≥ sshd- p-ambn CjvS-am-Ip-∂p-≠v. sshd- n\p \mw B{K- l n- ° p∂ cq]- a mbn kv { Io\nhcmw. ]t£, ]d-bp-∂Xp \ΩpsS `mj-bm-Wv. kvam¿´v t^m¨ {]f-b-Øn¬ jm¿∏ns‚ Hcp ]pXnb tamU¬. \mw cmhnse DW¿∂p AXn¬ sXm´-mep-S≥ A∂sØ ]e Adn-hpIfpw \ap°p \¬Ip-a-s{X. C∂sØ Poh-hmbp-hmWv ssh˛-ss^. C\n DS≥ ssh˛-ss^°p ]Icw sse˛ss^ hcp-∂p. Hcp F¬-CUn _ƒ_ns‚ shfn®w Du¿÷-am°n AXn-eqsS i_vZhpw Zriyhpw C‚¿s\‰pw C∂-tØXns‚ Aº-Xn-c´n thK-Øn¬ e`y-am-Ip∂ sSIvt\m-f-Pn-bm-Wv. hne Xp—w KpWw sa®w.

C∂v C‚¿s\‰v kn·-ep-Iƒ ASn®p am‰p∂ coXn C√m-Xm-Ipw. Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ {Km^nIv t\mhhmbn-∏n-°m≥ ]‰ptam?

Hcp ]pXnb hmb-\kw-kvImcw hf¿∂p hcn-I-bm-Wv. \yq P\-td-j≥ hmb-\bv°p sNe-hm°p∂ kabw h¿[n-®p-h-cp-∂p-≠v. ]t£, hmbn-°p∂ am‰¿ A\p-Zn\w hnI-kn-°p∂ C‚¿s\‰v Is≠‚pw samss_¬ sh_v D]tbm-K-hpw I´nMv FUvPv sSIvt\m-fPn hcpØp∂ Is≠‚ns‚ BI¿j-Wo-b-amb cq]ku-µ-cyhpw ImcWw C∂p-hsc hmb-\bv°v A\n-hm-cy-sa∂p \mw Icp-Xn-bn-cp∂ ]mX an°hmdpw C√m-Xmbn°gn-™n-cn-°p-∂p. _nkn-\ p- I mcpw kwcw- ` - I cpw \nt£- ] - I cpw hcpwIme -ao-Unb Bbn Cu IS-emkv clnX temI-sØ-bmWp ImWp-∂-Xv.

Hcp DZm-l-c-Ww˛ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ hmb-\-°msc e`n°p∂ hm¿Øbv°v C∂v 60 hm°n¬ Ipdth ]mSp-≈q. samss_¬ kv{Io\n¬ 60 hm°p Ign-™m¬ s]mXpth hmb-\-°m-c≥ Xmtg°p kvt{Imƒ sNøpw. Cu Nn¥sb ASn-ÿm-\a - m°n 2013 ¬ cq]-s∏-Sp-Ønb C≥tjm¿Svkv F∂ C¥y≥ B∏v BZyw t^kv_p°p hgn \yqkv C≥ tjm¿´v F∂ t]cnepw ]n∂oSv hm¿Ø-Ifpw 60 hm°v cXv\-®p-cp-°Ønepw ]n∂oSv AXns‚ en¶pw \evIn cwK-sØ-Øn. \mep tImSn- b n- t esd hmb- \ - ° m- c p- a mbn C∂Xv KqKnƒ tπ tÃmdnse aoUnb dmWn-bmWv Cu hm¿Øm ]{Xw. hyh-ÿm-]nX aoUnb C∂p hsc \¬In-bn-cp∂ D¬]∂-Øns‚ D≈-S°w cmjv{So-b˛-km-ºØ - n-Ii - ‡ - n-Iƒ \nb{¥n-°p∂ \ne-bn-te°p amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ ]›m-Ø-eØn¬ hn⁄m-\t- Ø-°mƒ hnt\m-ZØ - n\p {]m[m\yw kzm`mhn-Ia - mbn h∂psIm≠n-cn-°p-Ib - m-Wv. ChnsS IS-em-kn\p ]Icw sF t^manse UnPn-‰¬ {]Xew ]pXnb Hcp Ne©v hm°p-If - n-eqsS tPmen sNøp∂ Fgp-Øp-Im¿°pw tP¿Wen-Ãp-Iƒ°pw t\cn-tS≠n hcn-Ib - m-Wv. t\mh-en¬ Hcp ]co-£Ww \S-Øm≥ Fs∂ kao]n® {]km-[-I-tcmSp Rm≥ ]d-™p: F√m amkhpw H∂mw Xob-Xnbpw ]Xn-\©mw XobXnbpw t\mh-ens‚ Hmtcm F∏n-tkm-Uv. amIvknaw 1500 hm°v. ]Øp an\n‰p sIm≠p hmbn®p Xo¿°m-hp-∂-Xv. do Iym∏pIƒ Dƒs∏-sS. X’-ab Ia‚p t]mÃp sNøm≥ kwhn-[m\-hpw. \mw sSIvt\m-f-Pn-tbmSp bp≤w sNømsX AXns\ AwKo-I-cn-°p-I-b-t√, icn.

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t\mh-enÃpw "ho£Ww' ap≥ No^v FUn-‰-dp-amWv teJ-I≥.

C˛-sabn¬: klmv@rediffmail.com sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

kvtImf¿ C≥ Imº-kv

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tPmkn tPmk^v

Imh¬ ]-{X-{]-h¿Ø-\hpw P\m-[n-]-Xyhpw

tIc-f- ao-Unb A°m-Z-an-bn¬ \S∂ kvtImf¿ C≥ Imºkv ]cn-]m-Sn-bnZ lnµp-hns‚ \mjW¬ skIyp-cn‰n FUn-‰¿ tPmkn tPmk^v kwkm-cn-°p∂p

hm®v tUmKp-Iƒ BtI-≠-h¿ FÃm-ªn-jvsa‚ns‚ em]v tUm-Kp-I-fmbn amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ]{X-°m¿ am{X-a√ DØc-hm-Zn-Iƒ. ]{X-ap-X-em-fn-am¿ DØ-c-hm-Zn-I-fm-Wv. A©v cq]°v ]{Xw hmßn hmbn-°p∂ hcn-°mcpw DØ-ch - m-Zn-If - mWv AXn]ckyw sImSpØp \Ωsf ]oUn-∏n-°p∂ ]c-ky-°mcpw DØc-hm-Zn-I-fm-Wv. aoUn-bsb cmjv{Sob]c-ambn Zpcp-]-tbmKw sNøm≥ {ian-°p∂ cmjv{So-b-°mcpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-I-fm-Wv. hm®v tUmKv tP¿W-enkw F∂Xp hfsc Kuc-h-X-camb H∂m-Wv. ‘Printing what the others does not want us to print’ F∂mWv AØcw hm¿Ø- I sf hymJym- \ n- ° m- h p- ∂ Xv .

CØcw tP¿W-en-k-Øn\p c≠p aq∂p-Xcw kz`mhkhn-tij-X-I-fp-≠v.

H∂v, kn\n-a-bn-sems° \n߃°m-Wp-∂Xp t]msetbm Nne ]{X-°m¿ Snhn-bn-sems° ]d-bp-∂Xp t]msetbm \mSIo-b-ambn H∂p-an-√, AsX√mw \pW-bmWv F∂-Xm-Wv. kn\n-abn¬ ImWp-∂-sXms° Bfp-Isf sX‰n-≤-cn-∏n-°m≥ th≠n tP¿W-enkw sNømØ GtXm Bfp-Ifpw Xnc-°-Ym-Ir-Øp°fpw ]{X-°mcpw Hs° D≠m-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. A√msX \mS-Iob-X-sbm∂pw CXn-en-√. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ hm®v tUmKv tP¿Wen-kw F∂Xp A°m-Z-anIv Kth-j-W-hp-ambn ASp-Øp-\nev°p∂ H∂m-Wv. \√ A°m-Z-anIv dnk¿®n\v th≠-Xp-t]mse tcJ-Iƒ tiJ-cn-°m\pw B tUmIyp-sa‚p-Iƒ ]Tn-°m\pw sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

AXp ]cn-tim-[n-°m\pw AXn¬ C≥thm ƒUm-bn-´p≈ Bfp-I-fpsS sdkvt]m¨kv FSp-°m-\p-ap≈ Hcp £abpw endurance amWv AXnse {][m-\s - ∏´ Imcyw. Aßs\ sIm≠p-h-cp∂ tÃmdn-I-fmWv hm®v tUmKv tP¿W¬ F∂p ]cn- K - W n- ° - s ∏- S p- I .

ImcWw hniz- k \ob- a √mØ kw`- h ߃°p henb watch dog quality H∂pw ImWn-√. \ΩpsS hnizmkyX t]mbn-°-gn™m¬ AtXm-Sp-IqSn IYbpw Xo¿∂p. c≠m-aXv hm®v tUmKv tP¿W-en-k-ØnsNøp∂ Bfp- s S Bflm¿∞X hfsc \n¿Wm-b-IamWv. AXm-bXv k∑m¿Ko-bX, C‚- { Kn‰n F∂- s Xms° hy‡n- ] - c - a mb kwK-Xn-I-fm-Wv. CXv ]c-ky-am-bns´m∂pw At\z-jn-°m≥ ]‰n-√. Hcp IY sNømXncn°m≥ ss]k In´p∂ am¿°-‰m-Wn-Xv. Hcp tÃmdn sNøm≥ F{X ss]k In´pw? Cu ss]k hmßn t]m°-‰n-en´p ho´n¬ t]mbn°- g n- ™ m¬ ho´p- I m¿°pw Adn- b n- √ , hmkvX-h-Øn¬ ho´p-Im¿°pw kt¥m-j-ap≠m-Ipw. ImcWw ]nSn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-hsc Agn-aXn sNømw F∂p hniz-kn-°p∂ Hcp

(25) kaq-l-Øn-emWp \Ωƒ Pohn-°p-∂-Xv. ]nUªypUn F≥Pn-\ob¿ ssI°qen hmßn®p hoSp ]Wn-bp-∂Xp \ap°p kt¥m-jap≈ Imcy-am-Wv. As√-¶n¬ tamt´m¿ shln-°n¬ C≥kvs]IvS¿. Abmƒ ]nSn-°s∏Sp-tºmƒ \Ωƒ D≈n¬\n∂p Ip‰w ]dbpw. AXp-hsc \ΩpsS \√ _‘p-hmWv At∏mƒ hy‡n-]-camb BZ¿i- i p- ≤ nbpw \n¿Wm- b - I - a m- W v . Cu A°m- Z - a nIv kvIn√pw personal integrity bpw IqSnbp≈ Bƒt° hm®v tUmKv tP¿W-enkw sNøm-s\m-°q. Aßs\ sNøp∂ hm®v tUmKv tP¿W-en-k-Øn\p C∂sØ Ime-L-´-Øn¬ c≠p {][m-\-s∏´ sh√p-hn-fn-I-fmWp ImWp-∂-Xv. H∂v sk≥k¿jn∏v. C¥y-bnsk≥k¿jn-∏pt≠m? C√. ]t£, \ΩpsS F√m \yqkv dnt∏m¿´pI- f nepw Fgp- X - s ∏- S mØ Hcp- ] mSp sk≥j¿jn- ∏ p- I ƒ \ne\n¬°p∂ Ime-L´- a - m-Wn-Xv. Cu sk≥k¿jn∏v XpS- ß p- ∂ Xp \ΩpsS am[ya DS-a-ÿ-Xbn\n∂p- X-s∂-bm-Wv. F√m aoUnb-bn-sebpw DS-a-ÿ¿ F∂p ]dbp∂ F√m-hcpw IpSpw-_-°m-cmWv , As√- ¶ n¬ s]mfn- ‰ n- ° ]m¿´n- I - f m- W v . A√msX kzX{¥amb Hcp {StÃm H∂p-a√ - . Hcp taP¿ ]{Xw am{Xta kzX-{¥-amb {SÃns‚ DS- a - ÿ - X - b n- e p- ≈ q.

AXmWv Nfin- K - U n- e p≈ {Sn_yq¨ ]{Xw. c≠p sPbn≥ ktlm-Zc - ß - ƒ \S-Øp∂ ]{X-amWv ssSwkv Hm^v C¥y. Rm≥ AhnsS Iptd h¿j-߃ {]h¿ Øn-sb-Sp-Øn-´p-≠v. Ch¿s°-√mh¿°pw Xs∂ hy‡n-]-c-amb Hcp]mSp XmXv]-cy-ß-fp≠v. Cu XmXv ] - c y- ß - f p- ≠ m- ° p∂ Hcp henb sk≥k¿jn- ∏ p- ≠ v.

AXns‚ Hcp DZm-l-cWw F∂p ]d-™m¬ ssSwkv Hm^v C¥y {Kq∏v C¥y-bnse Xs∂ G‰hpw henb ss{]h-‰v˛ C≥sh-Ãvsa‚mWv. \qdp-I-W-°n\p Iº-\n-I-fn¬ Ah¿°p tÃIv D≠v. bq_¿ F∂p ]d-bp∂ SmIvkn k¿hokv sXm´v ]e _nkn-\-kp-I-fnssSwkv Hm^v C¥ybv°v \nt£-]-ap-≠v. Aßs\ tðv D≈ Iº-\n-Iƒs°-Xnsc ssSwkv Hm^v C¥y-bn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw FgpXm≥ ]‰p-tam? ]‰n-√. C{Xbpw kmº-ØnI XmXv]-cy-߃ D≈ ssSwkv Hm^v C¥ybv°p Kh¨sa‚n-s\-Xnsc F{X-am{Xw t]mIm≥ ]‰pw F∂ Imcyhpw \n߃°v Duln-°m≥ ]‰pw. lnµp-ÿm≥ ssSwkv F∂ ]{Xw sNøp-∂Xv _n¿fm ^manen-bmWv. Ah¿°p KpP-dm-Øn¬ s]t{Sm sIan-°¬ C≥U-kv{So-kp≠v. Ah-cmWp \ΩpsS tUman-t\mkv ]n -sbms° \S-Øp∂ ^man-en. Aßs\ Ah¿°v Hcp-]mSv hmWnPy XmXv]-cy-ßfp≠v.

Aß-s\-sbms°bp≈ ^man-en-I-fpsS apX-em-fn-am-cpsS sk≥k¿jn∏v Ahn-sSsbms° tPmen°p Ib-dp-tºmƒ Xs∂ \ap-°-dn-bmw. \Ωƒ lnµp-ÿm≥ ssSw kn¬ tPmen sNøp-tºmƒ Dominos piza sb∏‰n Fgp-Xnbn´p- Imcy-an-√. Ahn-sS-\n∂mWv sk≥k¿jn∏v XpS-ßp-∂-Xv. c≠m- a sØ Xcw sk≥k¿jn∏v F∂p ]d-™m¬ \ΩfpsS \yqkv t]∏¿, Sn.-hn. F∂n-h-bpsS kz`mhw t\m°-Ww. temIØv Hcn-SØpw \n߃°v 5 cq]bv°v ]{Xw In´n-√. bpsI-bn¬ t]mbn Hcp {_n´ojv ]{Xw hmß-Ws - a-¶n¬ Npcp-

ßn-bXv 100 cq] sImSp-°W - w. C¥y-bnG‰hpw hne-Iq-Snb ]{Xw lnµp-hm-Wv. lnµp-hns‚ Ih¿ t]Pn\v 8 cq]-bm-Wv. At∏mƒ 4/5 cq]bv°p In´p∂ Hcp I∏v Im∏n-sb-°mƒ, Hcp s]]vkn-sb-°mƒ hne Npcp°n ]{Xw hmßn-°p-tºmƒ, Hcp ]{Xw s{]mUyqkp sNøm-\p≈ 25 cq]bn¬ _m°n ss]k Fhn- s S- \ n∂v In´p∂p? AXp Xcp-∂Xp ]c-ky-°m-cm-Wv. Aßs\ Cu Xcp∂ ]c-ky-°m¿ AXp Ieym¨ Pz√-dn-bm-Is´ t_m_n sNΩÆq¿ Pz√- d n- b m- I - s ´, Ah¿s°- X nsc sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

(26) hm¿Ø-sb-gpXp-w F∂ AXn-tam-ls - am∂pw ]mSn-√. ~Hcp Pz√-dn-bn¬ \n∂v Btcm Hcmƒ aI-fpsS Ieym-WØ - n\p kz¿Æw AUzm≥kv tem¨ kvIoan¬ hmßn-®n´v B kz¿W-°-S-°m-cs‚ ieyw kln-°-h-ømsX ]Ww Xncn®p sImSp-°m-\mhmsX Pz√-dn-bpsS ap∂n¬ BfllXy sNbvX-t∏mƒ {][m\ ]{X-ß-sf√mw ]d-™Xv Pz√dn tjmdq-an\p ]pdØv Hcp hb- mb a\p-jy≥ acn®p F∂m-Wv. ]m°n-ÿms\ Ipdn®v \Ωƒ Cßs\ FgpXptam? Hcp cmPy-Ønse ]´m-f° - m¿ \ΩpsS Hcp ]´m-f°m-cs\ sIm∂p F∂p ]d-bptam? C√. ]m°n-ÿms\ sh´n-∏n-Sn®p sIm√m≥ ]d-bpw, \Ωƒ. CXv Hcp-Xcw sk≥k¿jn-∏m-Wv. CXn-\p-a-∏p-d-Øp≈ sk≥k¿jn∏v F∂p ]d-bp∂Xv \ΩpsS s]mfn-‰n-°¬ knÃ-am-Wv. AXm-bXv \ne-

\n¬°p∂ Kh¨sa‚p-Iƒ \ΩpsS ]{Xw AS-°a - p≈ Imcy-ß-fpsS I¨t{Smƒ h°p∂p, Kh¨sa‚p-Iƒ henb ]ckyw Xcp-∂-h¿ IqSn-bm-Wv. Hcp km[m-cW Cw•ojv ]{X-Øn-s‚-sbms° 40% hsc-bp≈ hcp-am\w Kh¨sa‚ v ]c-ky-Øn¬ \n∂m-Wv. Sn.-hn. Nm\ent]mepw Aß-s\-bmWv. At∏mƒ Kh¨sa‚ns‚ ASpsk]vXw-_¿ 2016

Øp-t]mepw hg-°p-≠m-°p-∂n-√. Aßs\ ]e-Xcw sk≥k¿jn-∏p-Iƒ \ne-\n¬°p-∂- \yqkv dqap-Ifn-te-°m-bn-cn°pw \Ωƒ hm®v tUmKv tP¿Wenkw {]mIvSokv sNøm-\mbn Cd-ßn-t∏m-Ip-∂-Xv. AhnsS ]e-Xcw sk≥k¿jn-∏p-Iƒ D≠m-Ipw. cmhnse aptIjv Aw_m-\n-s°-Xnsc Hcp tÃmdn sNømw F∂p-]d- ™ mWp t]mIp-∂X - v. AXp ]‰n√.

Ah¿ ]dbpw Aw_m\n Fs‚ ]{X-Øn\v 150 tImSn-bpsS ]c-ky-amWv Xcp-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v Fs‚ apX-emfn hm¿Ø sImSp-°n-√. Abmsf hnt´-°mw˛ KuXw AZm-\n-s°-Xnsc Fgp-Xn-bm-tem.

AXpw th≠ AZm\n \tc-{µ-tam-Zn-bpsS kplrØm- W v . AXp- s Im≠p ]{X- Ø n¬ sImSp- ° n√ F∂p ]d-bpw. Hcp Pz√dns°Xnsc \n¬∏p kacw, kv{XoIƒ°v Ccn-°m≥ ÿew sImSp-°p-∂n-√ F∂mbncp∂p hm¿Ø. AXn-s\-°p-dns®-gp-Xm≥ Btem-Nn-°p-tºmƒ ]dbpw AXp-th-≠. AXp \ΩpsS ]{X-Øn\v G‰hpw henb ]ckyw \¬Ip∂ Pz√-dn-bp-sS-XmWv. Aßs\ sk≥k¿ sNbvXp Ign-bp-tºmƒ \ap°p a\- n-emIpw IqSn-t∏m-bm¬ Hcp k_v C≥kvs]-IvS¿ hscbp-≈-h¿s°-Xnsc FgpXmw F∂-Xv. Aß-s\bp-s≠-¶n¬ t]mepw \ΩpsS kmaq-l-Øns‚ diversity ImcWw CXn-\n-S°p IqSn-sbms° \ΩpsS hy‡n-]c - a - mb integrity kwc-£n°msa∂p- s ≠- ¶ n¬ Hcp ]t£, Hcp Xe- a p- d °pw In´mØ Ah-k-c-ß-fmWp \n߃°p ap∂nhcp-∂-Xv. Hcp ]mSv \√ tP¿W-enkw sNøm\p≈ Ime-Øn-te-°mWp \n߃ Cd-ßn-h-cp∂-Xv. H∂v, \ΩpsS kaq-l-Øn-ep≈ sshhn[yw h¿[n®p hcn-I-bm-Wv. 15 h¿jw apºv Hcp i‡-amb ZenXv aqhvsa‚ v C¥y-bnD≠m-bn-°m-Wn-√. e£-°W - ° - n\p Zen-Xc - p-Iƒ street te°n-dßn protest sNøp-tºmƒ AXns\- ° p- d n®p dnt∏m¿´p sNøm- X n- c n- ° ms\m °mØ Hcp kml-Ncyw D≠m-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv˛ A-ßs\ ]e diverse aqhvsa‚p-Iƒ C¥y-bnhfsc i‡ambn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. AXn\p {][m\- Im- c Ww \ΩpsS C¥y \nß- s f- t ∏mse hfsc sNdp-∏-amb Hcp cmPy-amWv F∂-Xm-Wv. \ne-\n-ev°p∂ hyh-ÿn-Xn-s°-Xnsc sNdp-∏°m-cpsS AXn-i-‡-amb Hcp Hcp FXn¿∏v C∂p-≠v. \ΩpsS cmPy-Øns‚ Hcp icm-icn {]mbw F∂p ]d-™m¬ shdpw 25 hb- m-Wv. 50% Bfp-Ifpw 25 hb- n¬ Xmsg-bm-Wv. At∏mƒ Hcp-]mSv tÃmdn-Iƒ sNøm-\m-hpw. AXn¬ ]eXpw aoUn-bbv°v Ah-K-Wn-°m≥ ]‰m-Ø-h-bm-Wv. adph-iØp hm®v tUmKv tP¿W-en-k-Øns‚ Hcp

(27) henb kt∏m¿´nMv t]mbn‚ v F∂ "content is the king' F∂ kw`-h-Øn-te°p \mw FØn-s°m-≠n-cn°p-I-bm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠p Hcp churning s‚ (Ießn-sX-fn-b-ens‚) Imew IqSn-bm-Wn-Xv. Aß-s\sbmcp bmYm¿∞yw \ne-\n¬°p∂ Hcp aoUnb am¿°-‰n-te-°mWv \n߃ Cd-ßn-h-cp-∂-Xv. \√ I¨t{Smƒ Ds≠- ¶ nte \nßfpsS ]{Xhpw Sn.-hn.bpw hmb-\°m¿/t{]£n-Xm-°ƒ ImWp≈q F∂ Ime-L-´-Øn-te°p \mw FØn°-gn-™p. Fs‚ kplrØp jm\-hmkv kmdp-≠v. hfsc Ign-hp≈ Ign-hp≈ sXmgn-en¬ {]mho-Wyap≈ t^mt´m-{Km-^-dm-Wv. Hcp ImeØv tIc-fØnse G‰hpw \√ ]pkvX-I-ß-sfms° Ah¿ Cd-°n-b-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. ]t£, A∂v Cd-°n-bmAXv Ah¿ hn‰Xv 2000 tIm∏n-bm-sW-¶n¬ C∂Xv 20,000 tIm∏n hn‰p-t]m-Ipw. \ΩpsS Pn-Un]n-bpsS 1.4 As√-¶n¬ 1.5% am{X-amWv aoUnb As√-¶nF‚¿sS-bv≥sa‚n\p th≠n Bƒ°m¿ sNe-hm°p-∂Xv C¥y-bn¬. CXv Hcp 5% F¶nepw Bbn h¿[n-°pw. 3/4 Cc´nbmIpw. aoUnb D]-t`mKw IqSp-X¬ i‡-am-Im≥ t]mhp-I-bm-Wv. aoUn-bbnse Ah-k-c-߃ h¿[n-°pw. Cu hf¿® apXse-Sp-°m≥ Hcp]mSv \√ Bƒ°m¿ \√ ss]kbpambn am¿°-‰n-en-dß - pw. Hm¨sse≥ Bbn-s°m≈s´ sSen-hn-j-\n¬ Bbn-s°m-≈s´ ]pXnb C≥sh-Ãp-sa‚ v hcpw. IqSp-X¬ kpXm-cyX hcpw.

IqSp-X¬ C≥shÃp-sa‚p-Iƒ hcp-tºmƒ Cu ssSwkv Hm^v C¥ybpw at\m-c-abpw amXr-`q-anbpw F√m-h¿°pw hmtß≠n hcpw. Aßs\ amtd≠n hcp∂ Hcp Ime-L-´-Øn-em-Wv \n߃ tP¿W-enkw sNøm≥ t]mIp-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v hm®v tUmKv tP¿W-en-k-Øn\p hfsc \√ Hcp Ah-kcamWp hcm≥ t]mIp-∂X - v. AXn-\p≈ dntkm-gvkp-Ifpw aqeyßfpw h-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p. Existing media amtd≠n hcpw. Aßs\ amdn hcp-tºmƒ \n߃°p Pz√-dnIƒs°-Xn-tcbpw Aw_m-\nam¿-s°-Xn-tcbpw Hs° IY Fgp-Xm≥ ]‰pw. Rß-sfms° Hcp 10/25 h¿jam-bn´v tPmen sNøm≥ H°p-∂n-√t√m F∂ tZjyØn¬ tPmenbpw amdn ]pkvX-Ihpw Hs° FgpXn \S-°p∂ B ]cn-]mSn amdn-hcpw F∂mWv Fs‚ Hcp tXm∂¬. AXp-sIm≠v watch dog democracy F∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ F\n°v tXm∂p-∂Xv \ΩpsS Xe-ap-dtb- ° msfms° P\m- [ n- ] - X y- Ø n¬ Hcp hm®v tUmKns‚ tdmƒ IrXy-am-bn´v Ifn-°m≥ t]mIp-∂Xp \nß-fpsS Xe-ap-d-bm-bn-cn-°pw. AhnsS P\m-[n-]-XyØnse {]ÿm-\-߃ XΩn-ep≈ hnS-hp-Iƒ hnS-hpI-fmbnØs∂ \n¿Øp-hm\pw Ah¿ XΩn-ep≈ com-

h¿[n-°m-\p-sam-s°-bp≈ henb Hcp contributing factors Bbn \n߃ amdpw. AXm-bXv C¥ybn¬ PpUo-jydn, FIvkn-Iyq-´ohv, sePn-t…-®¿ Hs°bps≠¶nepw Ch-scms° Iq´p-Im-cmbn Hcp-an®p \n∂p I≈-Øcw ImWn-°m≥ t]mhp-I-bm-sW-¶nP\m-[n-]Xyw \in®p t]mIpw. AXmWv \Ωƒ ImWppetitions

∂-Xv. Ch¿ XΩn-ep≈ a’-c-_p≤n \ne\n¿ØWw light Hm^mbn Ign-bp-tºmƒ Ch¿ Hcp-an-®n-cp∂v DuWp Ign-°cpsX∂p \Ω-fmWp Xocp-am-\n-t°-≠Xv. Aßs\ Xocp-am-\n-°m≥ \ap-°mIpw hcpw Znhk-ß-fn¬ F∂m-Wv. Fs‚ Hcp kn≤m¥w Fs‚ _p°v t]mse H∂p Hcp- Im-e-Øv, Hcp ]t£ 10 h¿jw apsºßpw ]ªnjv sNøm≥ ]‰n-√m-bn-cp∂p C¥y-bn¬. 10/15 h¿j-߃°p apºv Aw_m\n IpSpw-_-sØ-°p-dn®v Hcp _p°v Bkvt{S-en-b-°m-cs\-gpXn Hcp tIm∏n-t]mepw hn‰n-√. Ah¿ AXpsamØw hnebv°p hmßn \in-∏n®p If-™p. C∂v Aß-s\-sbm∂p \S-°p-sa∂v tXm∂p-∂n-√. AXpsIm≠v hm®v tUmKv tP¿W-en-kw˛ AXm-bXv adversary role ¬ \n∂p-sIm≠v FÃm-ªn-jvsa‚ns\ sh√phn-fn-°p∂ tP¿W-enkw \√ Ime-ØmWv ChnsS h∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂X - v. B \√ Ime-ØmWv \n߃ ]Tn-°m≥ h∂n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

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Xøm-dm-°n-bXv : sI tla-eX sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

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aoUnb ss_‰vkv F≥. ]n. B¿

]{X-{]-kn-≤o-I-cWw XS-bm≥ DtZym-K-ÿ\v A[n-Imcw? tI

{µ C≥^¿ta- j ≥ hIp∏n\p Iogn-ep≈ Ub-d-IvS-td‰v Hm^v AUz¿ssS-knMv B≥Uv hnjz¬ ]ªnkn‰n°v (- U n.- F .- h n.- ] n.) k¿°m¿ \¬Inb ]pXnb A[n-Im-cß - f - n¬ {]kv Iu¨kn¬ Hm^v C¥y°v Bi-¶.

2016 PqWn¬ \ne- h n¬ h∂ ]pXnb \bw, A[m¿an-I-amb ]{X-{]h¿Ø-\-co-Xn-Iƒ A\p-h¿Øn-®-Xmbn {]kv Iu¨kn¬ Is≠-Ønb ]{X-ßfp-sSbpw cmPy-t{Zm-l-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßfn¬ G¿s∏´ ]{X- ß - f p- s Sbpw XpS¿∂p≈ {]kn-≤o-I-cWw XS-bm≥ Ub-dI - vS¿ P\-de - n\v A[n-Imcw \¬In-

N{µ-auen Ipam¿ {]kmZv sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

bn-cn-°bmWv. ]pXnb \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-bpsS Kpcp-X-c-amb kz`mhw {i≤bn¬s∏-´-Xns\ XpS¿∂v {]kv Iu¨kn¬ sNb¿t]-gvk¨ N{µauen Ipam¿ {]kmZv BKÃv Ah-km\w Iu¨kn-ens‚ ASn-b¥-c-tbmKw hnfn®p tN¿°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. {]kv Iu¨kn¬ hy‡amb ip]m¿i-Iƒ ka¿∏n-°p-∂-Xp-hsc k¿°m¿ ]pXnb \nb-ahy- h - ÿ - I - f - \ p- k - c n- ® p≈ \S- ] - S n- s bm∂pw kzoI- c n- ° - c p- s X∂v Iu¨kn¬ Bh-iy-s∏-´p. tI{µ-k¿°m¿ ÿm]-\ß - f - p-sS-sb√mw ]c-ky-hn-Xc - Ww \n¿hln-°p-∂Xv Un.-F.-hn.-]n. Bb-Xn-\m¬ am[y-aÿ m-]\ - ß - f - p-sS- ta¬, {]tXy-In®p sNdp-In-S˛ CS-Øcw ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS ta¬ hIp-∏n\p henb kzm[o-\-ap-≠v. ]{X-kzm-X{- ¥ysØ _m[n-°p∂ Hcp \n¿tZiw {]kv Iu¨knens‚ A\p-a-Xntbm N¿®tbm C√msX \S-∏m-°n-b-Xn¬ sNb¿t]gvk¨ Bi¶ {]I-Sn-∏n-®p. {]kv Iu¨kn¬ ip]m¿i k¿°m¿ kzoI-cn-°W - s - a∂p \n¿_-‘a - n-s√-∂Xp icn-bm-Wv. ]t£, CØcw Imcy-ß-fn¬ Iu¨knens‚ ip]m¿ibv°pw A`n-{]m-b-Øn\pw henb {][m-\y-ap-s≠∂pw At±lw ]d-™p. Hcp am[y-a-Øns‚ {]kn-≤o-I-cWw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°m-\p≈ A[n-Imcw Hcp _yqtdm-{Im‰n\p \¬Ip-∂Xv ]{X-kzm-X-{¥y-Øn\p t\tc Db¿∂ henb `ojWn-bm-sW∂p tP¿W-enÃv bqWn-b\ - p-Isf {]Xn-\n-[o-Ic - n-°p-∂h - ¿ Iu¨kn¬ tbmK-Øn¬ hy‡-am-°n.

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]{X-Øn\pw ]c-ky-Øn\pw \nIpXn G¿s∏-Sp-Øptam? ]p

Xnb tI{µo-IrX \nIpXn (Pn.-F-kv.-Sn.) kwhn-[m-\Øn¬ A®Sn {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-߃°pw \nIpXn G¿s∏-SpØm≥ hyhÿbps≠∂v hnZ-Kv[¿ Nq≠n-°m-´p-∂p. As√¶n¬Øs∂ sshImsX Zp¿_-ea - m-Ip-sa∂p {]h-Nn-°s - ∏-Sp∂ taJ-e-bpsS XI¿® thK-Øn-em-°p-∂-XmWp ]pXnb \o°sa∂pw Ah¿ Icp-Xp-∂p.

A®-Sn-am-[yahyh-kmbw C{Xbpw Imew \nIp-Xn-bn\ns∂m-gn™p \n¬°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. `c-W-L-S\ tI{µ-˛-kwÿm-\`- c - W - ß - f - psS \nIpXn NpaØm-\p≈ taJ-eI - ƒ th¿Xncn-®-t∏mƒ ]{X-߃°pw ]c-ky-߃°pw \nIpXn Npa-Øp∂Xp kw_-‘n®p IrXy-amb hyh-ÿ-I-sfm∂pw D≠m-°nbn-cp-∂n-√. AsX√mw ]gb IY-bm-bn-cn-°p∂p F∂v a{Zmkv sslt°m-SXn A`n-`m-j-I\pw \nIpXn Imcy-hn-Z-Kv[-\p-amb sI. sshØo-iz-c≥ \yq C¥y≥ FIvkv{]-kn¬ BKÃv 28\v Fgp-Xnb teJ-\-Øn¬ Nq≠n-°m-´p-∂p. ]m¿e-sa‚ v ]mkm-°nb t`Z-KX - n-b\ - pk-cn®v 246 F hyhÿ {]Imcw tI{µ-Øn\pw kwÿm-\Ø - n\pw KpUvkv B≥Uv k¿hokkv SmIvkv kw_-‘a- mbn \nb-aß - ƒ D≠m°m≥ A[n-Im-ca - p-≠v. CXn¬Ø-s∂- B¿´n°nƒ 366 (12-F) {]Imcw aZyw Hgn-sI-bp≈ F√m D¬]-∂ß - fpw tkh-\ß - fpw Pn.-Fk - .v Sn.-bpsS ]cn-[n-bn¬ hcp-∂p. CXn¬ hm¿Ømkw-_‘ - n-bmb D¬]-∂ß - sf Hgn-hm-°n-bn´n-√. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ am[y-aß - ƒ°v Hscmgnhpw Cs√-∂p-hc - p-∂p. Ct∏mƒØs∂ sSenhn-j≥ Nm\-ep-If - n-sebpw Hm¨sse≥ am[ya-ßf - n-sebpw ]c-ky-hc - p-am\w tkh-\\ - n-IpXn-bpsS ]cn-[n-bn¬ hcp-∂p-≠.v AXp-sIm-≠pX-s∂, ]pXnb hyhÿ A[n-Ia - mbn _m[n°pI A®-Sn-am-[y-asØ am{X-amWv. A{i-≤-aqew kw`-hn® Hcp ]ni-ImIptam CsX∂ kwibw C√m-Xn-√. F∂m¬, C{X-tbsd Btem-N-\-Iƒ C{Xbpw \o≠Imew \S∂ Hcp \nb-a-\n¿Ωm-W-Øn-\n-S-bnAßs\ kw`-hn-°m≥ km[y-X-bn√ F∂mWp an° hnZKv[cpw Icp-Xp-∂-Xv. amXr-Im-\n-b-a-Ønse D¬]∂w kw_‘n-bmb \n¿h-N-\-Øn¬ am[y-a-ßsf {]tXy-I-ambn ]cma¿in-®n-´n-√; H∂n-s\bpw Hgn-hm-°n-bn-´p-an-√. ap≥Im-eß - f - n¬, ]{X-ßsf am{Xw _m[n-°p∂ coXn-bnD≠m-°nb Nne \nb-aß - fpw \nb-{¥-Wß - fpw kp{]ow tImSXn d±m-°n-bn-cp-∂p. hm¿Ø-Ifpw hnh-cß - fpw {]kn-≤o-Ic - n-°p-∂Xn\pw Ah P\-ßf - n-se-Øn-°p-∂X - n\pw XS- a - p-≠m°p∂ hn[Øn¬ \nIp-Xn-Ifpw \nb-{¥-Wß - fpw G¿s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv `c-WL-S\ hyhÿ sNøp∂ A`n-{]m-bk - zm-X{- ¥y-w l\n°psa∂p tImS-Xn-Iƒ ]e tIkp-I-fnepw hn[n-®n-´p-≠v. ]t£, Ch-

sbm∂pw Xs∂ F√m-h¿°pw _m[-I-amb \nb-aØ - n¬ \n∂p ]{X-ßsf am{Xw Hgn-hm-°W-sa∂ \n¿tZ-ia - pƒs°m-≈p-∂n-√. kp{]ow tImSXn d±m-°n-bX - mWp ]{X-ßfpsS t]Pp-If - psS FÆhpw hnebpw ]c-kyØns‚ tXmXpw hyhÿ sNøp∂ \yqkv t]∏¿ (t]Pv B≥Uv ss{]kv) BIvSv 1956.

1955se \yqkv t]-∏¿ I¨t{Smƒ Hm¿Udpw Cßs\ kp{]ow tImSXn d±m-°p-Ib - p-≠m-bn. ]{X-kzm-X{- ¥yhpw \yqkv {]n‚ v hnebpw XΩnep≈ _‘w FSp-Øp-]d- ™ kp{]ow t- Im-SXn, a‰v D¬]-∂ß - f - psS Imcy-Øn¬ A\p-hZ- \o-ba - mb ]e \nb-{¥-Wß - fpw \yqkv {]n‚ns‚bpw A®-Sn-bp-sSbpw Imcy-Øn¬ A\p-h-

Zn-°p-∂Xp ]{X-kzm-X{¥yw C√m-Xm-°n-tb-°psa∂pw Nq≠n-°m-´n-bX - m-Wv. ]{X-Øns‚ hne \n¿W-bn-°p-∂-XnD¬]m-Z-\-s®-ehp am{X-a√, ]c-ky-h-cp-am\hpw apJy-]¶p ln-°p-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠v, ]cky-ß-fpsS ta¬ Npa-Øp∂ \nIpXn ]{Xhn-e-sbbpw ]{Xw hmbn-°m-\p≈ P\-ßfpsS Ign-hn-s\bpw {]Xn-Iq-ea - mbn _m[n-°psa∂p tImS-Xn-Iƒ ap∂-dn-bn∏p \¬In-b-XmWv. ]pXnb Pn.-F-kv.-Sn. \nbaw CXp ]cn-KWn-®n-´n-s√∂p thWw Icp-Xm≥ F∂p teJI≥ Nq≠n-°m-´p-∂p. {]iv\w kw_-‘n®v am[y-aß - tfm ]{X DS-a-ÿ-kw-L-S-\tbm CXp-hsc Imcy-ambn {]Xn-I-cn-®n´n√. sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

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A]-Io¿Øn-t°kv hgn am[y-a-ßsf ]m∏-cm-°mw Hcp am[y-a-ÿm-]-\sØ samØw ]m∏-cm-°m≥ F¥mWp hgn? Ffp-∏w. ÿm]-\-Øn-s\-Xnsc Hcp am\\-jvSt- °kv \SØn "\s√mcp' hn[n t\Sn-bm¬ aXn. \jvS]-cn-lm-c-ambn hn[n® XpI \¬Ip-tºm-tg°pw ÿm]\w ]m∏-cm-bn-s°m-≈pw.

Ata-cn-°-bnse tKm°¿tUmSvtImw (gawker.com) F∂ hm¿Øm-ssk‰v CubnsS ]m∏-cm-bXv tImSo-iz-c\mb ]o‰¿ Xobv¬ ^b¬ sNbvX am\-\-jvS-t°-kntImS-Xn-hn[n \S-∏m-°n-b-tXm-sS-bm-Wv. Cu kw`-h-sØØp-S¿∂p ]e {]ap-J-cpw am[y-a-߃s°-Xntc CØcw tIkp-I-fp-ambn tImS-Xn-I-fn-te°p \oßn-Øp-S-ßn-bn-´p-

≠-t{X. Aßs\ ]pd-s∏-´-h-cn¬ bp.-F-kv. {]knU‚ v ÿm\- t Ø- ° p≈ dn∏- ª n- ° ≥ ]m¿´n ÿm\m¿∞n {Sw]ns‚ `mcy saem-\nb {Sw]pw t^mIv k v \yqkns‚ ap≥ Xe- h ≥ tdmP¿ Fbvevkpw s]Sp-∂p.

X\n-s°-Xn-cmbn ssewKn-Im-tcm-]-W-߃ D∂- b n® \yqtbm¿°v amK- k n\pw AXns‚ dnt∏m¿´¿ K{_n-tb¬ sj¿am\pw FXn-sc-bmWv tdmP¿ Fbvevkv hyh-lm-cØ - n\p ]pd-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂- s X∂p ^n\m≥jy¬ ssSwkv dnt∏m¿´v sNbv X p. Gsd {]iw- k n- ° - s ∏- ´ - X m- b n- c p∂p

teJ\w hmbn-°mw; ]t£, A`n-{]mbw th≠...

A ®-Sn-am-[y-a-hp-am-bp≈

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ap-Xn¿∂ am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I\pw tImf-anÃpw tIcf aoUnb A°m-Z-anbpsS ap≥ sNb¿am-\p-amWv teJ-I≥.

C˛-sabn¬: nprindran@gmail.com sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

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Students’ Corner

HUMAN INTEREST NEWS STORIES

J. V. Vil’anilam

I

s not everything a newspaper or a media channel presents of interest to humans? Then what do we mean by the phrase, human interest stories? This question is important because many of the stories we read in newspapers, magazines, etc., and the ones we come across on television are called human interest stories. If not to all, these stories are of interest to a large number of human beings, many of whom may get personally interested in the stories they read, see or hear. Readers get personally absorbed in the narration; they empathize with the characters that appear in the story. Such stories lead the readers to get involved, at least mentally.

The readers get personally interested because of the human qualities evinced in such stories. A story that makes the reader, viewer or listener sk]vXw-_Âż 2016

personally touched by what it describes may be called a human interest story.

But do not mistake that such stories have to be about human beings. A pet cat or a pet dog belonging to oneself or to another person may become the central character in a human interest story. The real human interest story establishes an emotional bond with its audience quickly and maintains that link for a long time. Emotional experience created by the story, rather than intellectual or information experience generated in the media user is the hallmark of a human interest story.

A famous communications scholar, Wilbur

(33) Schramm, in one of his articles, spoke about “immediate reward” and “delayed reward” that a media user can get while using the media. Some news stories and features give immediate reward to the reader, and others give a delayed reward. Soft news stories give immediate reward whereas hard news stories give delayed rewards, he said. (W. Schramm, “The Nature of News,” Journalism Quarterly, Vol. 26, 1949).

Another famous scholar, Mitchell V. Charnley, observed in 1976 that most human interest stories are soft news such as accident Wilbur Schramm and crime news. Or stories about a pet companion or a moving incident in life. He said: “When a story horrifies or amuses a reader, excites or depresses him, stimulates his sympathy or his sexual appetites, saddens or angers him, or appeals to his self-interest in any way, he becomes a vicarious participant instead of an outside observer. Since such a story allows the consumer to respond emotionally rather than intellectually, it requires less concentration and effort than are demanded by hard news.” (Charnley, M. V., Reporting, New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1976.)

appealing to the readers. All of us are moved to laughter, tears, sympathy and other emotions, We tend to see our own predicament in the narrator’s situation.

Carl Warren, a great journalist of the 20th century once said that there are broadly speaking two kind of news: straight news and features.

Straight news is intended primarily to inform. Features are meant to touch the readers’/viewers’/ listeners’emotions that stir, stimulate and entertain. Most media these days try to stir the minds of the media users. This is not far from what Herbert Schiller called mind management in the latter half of the 20th century!

Human interest stories are features, not straight news, although Warren allows some such

This supports Schramm’s views about hard and soft news. Hard news requires the reader to exert his intellect, try various sources of information to understand fully the import of what he is experiencing, and hence it can offer only delayed reward to the media user. On the other hand, soft news is easy to understand fully; it appeals directly to the emotional state of mind and gives immediate reward to the media user.

There are others who think that humanization of facts or giving a human touch to what is reported, gives a personal dimension to facts and figures, and they will sink well in the reader’s mind.

Several human interest stories are personal narrations where the “I-factor” is predominant, that is, the first person singular, the narrator’s personal account. And as for topics, love, likes and dislikes, anger, suspense, idiosyncrasies and personal peculiarities of an individual, intense dislike of an idea or habit, personal hatred, surprise—all these figure in HI stories. Through personalization, the stories succeed in

features to ignore such distinctions.

(C. Warren, Modern News Reporting, New York: Harper, 1961.) sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

(34) We have indicated sources that provide stories of human interest but the list is not comprehensive.

A reporter or feature writers can add various other sources, depending on his or her interests.

Now let us look at the types of stories: Humour: Some speeches made by certain people are full of humour, some natural and others contrived, but all likely to fill the readers and listeners with mirth. Interviews with certain persons will be enjoyed by media users provided the interviewer asks the interviewee the right questions to elicit their humorous reactions. Sports stars, famous cricketers and football/volleyball/basketball/wrestling stars about their odd experiences and interactions with fellow stars may sometimes provide material that is quite interesting to readers and listeners.

Although many topics can yield themselves to human interest stories, it is worth listing some topic that are usually selected by journalists: SOURCES General: Police stations; fire stations; railway stations; airports; courts; jails; toddy shops and bars; liquor stores; brothels.

Animals: Zoos; snake parks; aquariums; animal pounds; pet shops; circuses; museums.

Children: Pre-schools, schools, playgrounds, sports and games fields; foundling homes, orphanages, missing persons, lost and found stories, etc.

Oddity: Strange stories about and reminiscences from senior citizens’ seniors’ recollections about their youth and adolescence; startling/unusual hobbies; generosity from the elders; comparisons of seniors’ experiences with those of the current day’s young generation; cults of various kinds; persons who claim divine powers; etc. sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

Adventure: Air-show adventurers, parachuters, helicopter jumpers, mountain-climbers, motor-cycle heroes, race-car drivers, swimmers and other heroes provide material for adventure stories.

Pathos: Stories full of pathos are abundantly available from hospital experiences of certain people who are themselves patients or standby relatives of patients or friends.

Keepers and attendants at morgues (mortuaries), funeral home directors, chaplains, priests and pujaries, provide unexpected narratives of their strange experiences, although they may not identify themselves or their customers. Charitable institutions and their directors may narrate some reallife experiences of many inmates without revealing their identities or those of their inmates.

Starving mother selling her baby to a childless couple is a heart-rending human interest story often found in many developing (poor) countries. A couple losing their toddler in a crowded shopping mall joyfully embracing the child and the man who returns the missing child to its sorrowing parents is another type of story full of pathos and joy.

Search your memory and look around; you will find sources and types of human interest stories.

¤ ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Professor Dr.J. V. Vil’anilam was Vice-Chancellor (19921996) and Head of the Department of Communication & Journalism (1982-1992) at the University of Kerala. As Professor Emeritus of the UGC he has taught at Berhampur, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Calicut, Dharwar, and Mangalore universities from 1996 onwards.

Visit his website: www.vilanilam.com.

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Doyen’s Pen

Paid News Pandemic Undermines Democracy I

n a major twist to t h e Ashok Chavan vs.

Madhav Kinhalkar legal battle (more notorious as the “Paid News” scandal), leading civil society organisations and eminent individuals have approached the Supreme Court to implead themselves into the case.

Their intervention application, moved by advocate Prashant Bhushan, minces no words on their reasons for doing so. They are disturbed by “the stranglehold of money power on our electoral politics.” And by a recent move of the Union Law Ministry which could destroy the Election Commission of India’s power to disqualify candidates filing incorrect or false accounts.

The applicants for intervention hope to defeat “the nefarious design” of the Union government which seeks to “undo all the good work done by the Election Commission of India.” And which further seeks, to “unsettle the law already settled” by the Supreme Court of India. They wish to ensure that the ECI “retains the plenitude of its power and authority to safeguard the purity and integrity of the electoral process.” Which includes holding candidates to account on poll expenses.

This action follows the Union Law Ministry filing a counter-affidavit on behalf of the Government in the Ashok Chavan case. That affidavit, first reported by The Hindu on March 20, asserts that “the power of the

Election Commission to disqualify a person arises only in the event of failure to lodge an account of expenses and not for any other reason, including the correctness or otherwise of such accounts.” Simply put: the government claims the ECI has no right to disqualify a candidate even if his accounts are found to be improper or fraudulent. If accepted, this would virtually gut the powers of that Constitutional body.

(However, the Court is yet to give any ruling on the matter.)

Those seeking to intervene include Common Cause, a public interest body. sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

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Its legal activism on electoral matters had a role in the Supreme Court’s ordering that political parties had to file regular returns of income or invite possible penal action.

Also in the line-up is the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR), a group at the forefront of many battles for electoral and political reforms. Vital among those, a public interest litigation (PIL) of ADR in 1999, which later saw the Supreme Court order candidates to disclose their criminal,

Palguny Sainath

Palguny Sainath

P

alguny Sainath was born into a Telugu speaking family as the grandson of freedom fighter and former President of India, V. V. Giri.

He started career as a journalist at t h e United News of India in 1980 where he received the news agency’s highest individual award.

He then worked for the Blitz, then a major Indian weekly tabloid published from first as foreign affairs editor and then as deputy editor, which he continued for ten years. He later became the rural editor of The Hindu, Chennai. Since sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

financial and educational background prior to the polls.

That is, by filing an affidavit with the ECI. Common Cause and ADR are joined by five other civil society bodies in this application.

The line-up of distinguished

1988 Sainath has trained over 1,000 mediapersons. He was a visiting faculty at Sophia Polytechnic’s Social Communications Media course and also at the Asian College of Journalism in Chennai. He was the McGraw Professor of Writing at Princeton University Fall (2012). On June 1, 2015, Sainath became the first ThoughtWorks Chair Professor in Rural India and Digital Knowledge at the Asian College of Journalism.

He is also the holder of the Coady Chair in Social Justice at the St. Francis Xavier University, Canada In a 34-year career as a journalist, Sainath has won over 40 global and national awards for his reporting (and turned down several, including the Padma Bhushan because, in his view, journalists should not be receiving awards from governments they cover and critique). He is the winner of the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 2007, for Journalism Literature and Creative Communications Arts. He was the first reporter in the world to win Amnesty International’s Global Human Rights Journalism Prize in its inaugural year in 2000.

He was also the first Indian reporter to win the European Commission’s Lorenzo Natali Prize for human rights journalism in 1995. Apart from the 40 plus print media awards, two documentary films on his work, ‘Nero’s Guests’ a n d A Tribe of his Own ,’ have between them picked up over 20 awards across the globe.

Sainath’s book Everybody Loves a Good Drought ( Penguin India, 1996) has remained a nonfiction bestseller by an Indian author for years and was declared a Penguin Classic in 2012. In just the past few years, he has published well over 150 investigative reports on India’sagrarian crisis in The Hindu alone, the largest journalistic body of work ever on India’s farming communities. His latest project, t h e People’s Archive of Rural India launched on Dec. 20, 2014. It aims at capturing the ‘everyday lives of everyday people’ – their labour, languages, livelihoods, arts, crafts and many other aspects of rural India

(37) individuals includes veteran journalist and editor B.G. Verghese, former Chief Election Commissioners of India (CEC) N. Gopalaswami and J.M. Lyngdoh, and former adviser to the ECI, K.J. Rao.

of the Adarsh scam, but also earned notoriety in the “Paid News scandal,” a story broken by The Hindu (See: “Is the ‘Era of Ashok’ a new era for ‘news’”, thne.ws/era-of-ashok, November 29, 2009).

Destructive

B.G. Verghese

J.M. Lyngdoh

N. Gopalaswami

K.J. Rao

The immediate beneficiary of the UPA government’s attack on the ECI’s powers is the disgraced ex-chief Minister of Maharashtra, Ashok Chavan. As former Chief Election Commissioner N. Gopalaswami has pointed out: “The government has joined Mr. Chavan in challenging the Election Commission’s powerto disqualify a candidate under Section 10A of the Act for his failure to submit a correct and true rendering of his election expenditure” ( The Hindu , April 17, 2013). The former CEC clearly sums up the impulse for civil society action: “The case before the Supreme Court is no longer one of Dr. Kinhalkar and others vs Ashok Chavan . It concerns every individual and institution that is uneasy about and opposed to the sway of money power in elections.”

— See “Doublespeak on electoral reforms, April 17, 2009, The Hindu , thne.ws/gopalaswami Mr. Chavan not only lost his post in the fallout

The applicants Ashok Chavan for intervention in the case note there is “a growing concern that the pandemic of Paid News is eating into the vitals of our democratic polity by compromising the purity of the elections and destroying the credibility of the print/electronic media.” They cite the case of Umlesh Yadav, MLA from Uttar Pradesh, who was disqualified by the ECI for three years.

Ms Yadav had failed “to account for an expenditure of Rs. 21,250 on an advertisement that had appeared in the disguise of a news item in theDainik Jagran , ” of April 17, 2007.

They note that Umlesh Yadav “Umlesh Yadav pales into insignificance in comparison to the media blitzkrieg” launched in support of Ashok Chavan’s 2009 Assembly election campaign.

And that the Government of India which had ostensibly taken a strong public position on Paid News and praised the ECI’s efforts to curb it, “has filed a counter affidavit which reveals its true colours.”

The Election Commission is also likely to file an affidavit opposing the government’s pro-Chavan counter-affidavit.

¤

..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Published in the Hindu dtd. May 10, 2013 sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

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]pkvXIw Utam-{Im‰vkv B≥Uv Uok-t‚gvkv BZy-`mKw C¥y-bnsebpw adp- \ m- ´ n- s ebpw kaqlhpw cmjv{So-bhpw At\z-jn°p- ∂ p. c≠p teJ- \ - ß ƒ \ap°p k¶o¿Wamb _‘-ßfp≈ c≠v Ab¬cm-Py-ß-sf-∏-‰nbmWv: ssN\bpw ]mIn-ÿm-\pw.

Ah-bpsS B[p-\nIcmjv{So-b-Ncn{Xw \Ωp-tS-Xp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNøp-∂p. A{I-ahpw P\m-[n-]Xyhpw tXmtfm-Sp-tXmƒ tN¿∂p t]mIp-∂X - ns‚ IY-bmWp aq∂ma-tØ-Xv. C¥y-sbbpw {ioe-¶sbbpw Xmc-Xayw sNøp∂ teJ\hpw hmbn-°mw.

BZn-hm-kn-If - psS Zpc-hÿ hni- I - e \w sNøp∂ teJ- \ Øn¬ cmPysØ Zen-X-cp-sSbpw apkv e n- ß - f p- s Sbpw ÿnXn- b pambn AXp Xmc-Xayw sNøp-∂p-≠v. Zpc-hÿ b - n-em-bn-t∏mb C¥y≥ \mj-W¬ tIm¨{K- ns‚ Ah-ÿb - mWp as‰m-∂v. C¥y≥ cmjv{Sob-Øn¬ Hcn-°¬ AXn-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂ A[o-i-Xz-hp-ambn C∂sØ tIm¨{K- ns‚ ]X-\sØ Xmc-Xayw sNøp-∂p.

C¥y-bpsS kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ {]k-‡-amb c≠p ]m›m-Xy-]fin-X-cpsS kw`m-h-\-Iƒ hne-bn-cp-Øp∂p c≠mw `mK-Øns‚ XpS°-Øn¬. XpS¿∂v C¥y-bnse A©p {]apJNn¥-I-sc-bpw. C¥ybn-se-¥mWp bmYm-ÿn-XnI_p≤n-Po-hn-Iƒ C{X timjn-®p- t]mbXv F∂ tNmZy-Øn\v DØcw tXSm\pw c≠mw `mK-Øns‚ A¥yØn¬ {ia-ap-≠v.

Zn\-]{- X-߃ tZio-bX - b - psS \n¿am-WØ - n¬ apJy-]¶p hln®-

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s_\-UnIvSv B≥tU-gvk≥ sX-ß-s\-sb∂p kmaq-ln-I-im-kv{X-⁄-\mb s_\UnIvSv B≥tU-gvk≥ hni-Z-ambn hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. \ni-_vZa - mb GIm-¥X - b - n¬ ]{Xw hmbn-°p-∂b - mƒ, CtX {]hrØn cmPysØ e£-°-W-°n-\m-fp-Ifpw Bh¿Øn-°p-∂-Xmbn Adn-bp-∂p. A⁄m-X-am-bn-cn°p-tºmgpw ]uc-∑msc ]c-kv]cw _‘n-∏n-°p∂ tZi-km-ap-Zm-bn-IX F∂Xv Abmƒ°v G‰hpw Bflhn-izm-k-ap≈ Imcy-am-bn- am-dp-∂p. ]{X-߃°p ]Icw Zriy-˛-kaq-l-am-[y-a-߃ A`n-{]m-b-cq-]o-I-cW-Øn¬ h≥i-‡n-bmbn amdnb ImeØv aXw, PmXn, tZio-b-X, kmap-Zm-bn-IX F∂n-hbv°p kw`-hn® cq]m-¥-c-Whpw B≥tU-gvk-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ teJ-\Øn¬ Kpl kqNn- ∏ n- ° p- ∂ p- ≠ v . B≥tU- g v k \p ]pdta Ncn-{X-Im-c-\mb Un.-Un. sImkmw-_n-bpsS ]nXm-hmb [¿am-\µv sImkmw-_n-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ {it≤-ba - mb as‰mcp teJ-\ap≠v. [¿am-\µv sImkmw_n-sb- Km‘n-b\ - mb _p≤nÃv F∂mWp Kpl hntijn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. A¤p-I-c-amb ss[j-Wn-I-˛-s]m-Xp-Pohn-X-am-bn-cp∂p sImkmw-_n-bp-tS-Xv. Xmc-X-ay-]-T-\-co-Xn-bmWv cma-N{µKpl-bptSXv. kpXm-cy-Xb - mWv At±-lØ - ns‚ KZy-Øns‚ khn-tij-X. A°m-Z-anI_p≤n-Po-hn-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Ncn-{X-Imc-∑m-cn¬ \n∂pw Xms\-ßs\ hyXy-kvX-\m-Ip-∂psh∂p Kpl ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. U¬ln-bnse A°m-ZanIPohnXw Ah-km-\n-∏n®p _wKeq-cp-hn¬ ÿncXm-a-kamb-XmWp Xs‚ Nn¥m-co-Xn-I-sfbpw ss[jWn-IP - o-hn-Xs - Øbpw am‰n-ad- n-®s - X∂v At±lw ]d-bp∂p. _wKeq-cp-hnse PohnXw cmPyXe-ÿm-\Ø - ns‚ A°m-Z-anIkz`m-h-ß-fn¬ \n∂p Xs∂ ap‡-\m-°n-

sb∂ Kpl-bpsS shfn-s∏-Sp-ج IuXp-I-I-c-am-Wv. C¥y≥ \mj-W¬ tIm¨{K- n-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ At±l-Øns‚ teJ-\w, hfsc kua-\kyw \nd™ H∂mWv. tIm¨{K- ns‚ cmjv{SobNcn- { X- Ø nse apJykhn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Hmtcm-∂mbn hnh-cn-°p-∂p≠v AXn¬. Ncn{Xw ]cn-tim-[n-°p-tºmƒ tIm¨{K- n\p {_n´-\nse te_¿ ]m¿´n, P¿a-\n-bnse tkmjyUtam-{Im-‰nIv ]m¿´n, bpF nse Utam-{Im-‰nIv ]m¿´n F∂n- h - b vs°m- ∏ - a mWp ÿm\w. F∂m¬, tIm¨{Kkv C∂p XI¿∂-Sn-™p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

1915 ¬ Km‘nPn C¥y-bn¬ I∏-en-d-ßp-tºmƒ tIm¨{Kkv Hcp tZio-b-I-£n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. F∂mA°m-eØv AXn\p c≠p henb t]mcm-bva-I-fp-≠mbn-cp-∂p. ]m¿´n -N¿®-Ifpw \S-]-Sn-Ifpw tIm¨{Kkv \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂Xv Cw•ojn-em-Wv. A`n-`m-j-I-cp-sSbpw

[¿am-\µv sImkmw-_nCw•ojv ]d-bp∂ {]^-j-W-ep-I-fp-sSbpw ]m¿´n- am{X- a mWp tIm¨{Kkv F∂p X≈m≥ {_n´o- j pIm¿°pw aSn-bp-≠m-bn-√. Km‘nPn-bmWp {]ÿm\Øns‚ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ {]mtZ-in-I-`m-j-I-fn-te°p am‰nb-Xv. ASp-Ø-Xmbn At±lw tIm¨{K- n-te°p I¿j-I-scbpw kv{XoI-sfbpw sIm≠p-h-∂p. aq∂ma-Xmbn Abn-Ø-hn-cp≤{]Nm-c-Whpw lnµp-˛-apkvenw kmtlm-Zcyhpw {]N-cn-∏n-®p. sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

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Hcp hy‡n Ft∏mgpw _lp-kz-Xz-ß-fpsS hml-I\m- s W∂ bmYm¿∞yw Aa¿Xy- s k- ∂ n\p ap≥t] Km‘nPn a\- n-em-°n-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂mWp cma-N{µKpl Nq≠n-°m-´p-∂-Xv. {Kmao-Wsc kzmX-{¥y-k-a-c-Øn-te°p sIm≠p-h-∂Xpw Km‘n-Pnbm-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬, C∂v tIm¨{Kkv G‰hpw Zp¿_-e-amb {]Xn-]-£-am-Wv. cmPysØ an°hmdpw kwÿm- \ - ß - f n¬\n∂v A{]-Xy-£-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. F∂m¬, P\m- [ n- ] Xy C¥ysb cq]-s∏-Sp-Ø-nbXn¬ tIm¨{Kkv sNbv X henb {]h¿Ø- \ - ß ƒ hnkva-cn-°m-\m-In-√. HcpZm-l-cWw ]d-™m¬ kzmX-{¥y-Øn-\p- ti-jap≈ tIm¨{K- ns‚ `c-W-ImesØ BZyc≠p Zi-I-ß-fn-emWv C¥y- b psS `c- W - L - S - \ m- [ njvTnXP\m-[n-]Xyw thcq-∂n-b-Xv. kzX-{¥-amb s]mXp-sXc-s™-Sp-∏pIƒ, PpUo-jy-dn-bpsS kzX-{¥-amb AkvXnXzw, \nb-a-\n¿Ωm-W-k-`bpsS A[o-iXzw F∂n-hbv°v CfImØ ASn-Ød- b - n-Sm\pw tIm¨{K n\p Ign-™p. as‰mcp hn`m-Ko-bX-tb-°mƒ, P\m-[n-]-XysØ ka\z-b-Øns‚ `c-W-{I-a-am-°p-∂Xp tIm¨{K- ns‚ {]Xyb-im-kv{Xm-Sn-Ø-d-bpsS `mK-am-bn-cp-∂p. C¥y-bvs°m∏w kzmX{¥yw t\Snb At\Iw cmPy-߃ P\m-[n-]X - y-am¿KØn¬ ]cm-P-b-s∏-´-t∏mƒ \ΩpsS cmPyw P\m-[n-]-Xy]m-Xb - nse sh√p-hn-fn-Isf AXn-Po-hn®p apt∂-dn-sb-∂Xp sNdnb Imcy-a-√. CXp hen-sbmcf-thmfw tIm¨{Kkv `c-W-Øns‚ BZy c≠p Zi-I-ß-fpsS kw`m-h-\-bm-bnsk]vXw-_¿ 2016

cp-∂p. tIm¨{K- ns‚ Po¿W-X-bv°p≈ {][m-\-Im-c-W-ambn D∂-bn-°p∂ IpSpw_m-[n-]Xyw F∂ {]iv\hpw teJ-\Øn¬ hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂p-≠v. Cµnc apXtkmWnb hsc- b p≈ t\Xm- ° - f psS {][m\ kz`mhw Ah-cpsS Ac-£n-Xt_m-[-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cµnc Xs‚ IpSpw-_Øn\p ]pdØv ]m¿´n t\Xm- ° sf Btcbpw hniz- k n- ® n- √ . cmPohv Km‘nbpw Aßs\ Xs∂. ]m¿´n t\Xm°ƒ°n-S-bn¬ Ac£nXamWp tkmWnb-bpsS ÿnXn-bpw. cmlp¬ Km‘n-bnFØp-tºmƒ tIm¨{Kkv aS-ßn-h-cm≥ hnZqckm[y-X-bn-√m-Ø-hn[w Zp¿_-e-ambn-°-gn-™p. k¶p- N nXtZio- b - h m- Z hpw aX- ˛ - k z- X zhmZkwL¿j-ßf - p-aS- °w _lp-ap-Ja - mb sh√phn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sp-∂p≠v \ΩpsS cmPyw. `n∂-XIƒ°n-Sb - nepw P\m-[n-]X - y-aq-ey-ßf - n-ep≈ ZrV-

amb hnizm-k-amWv cmPy-Øns‚ `mhn \n¿Wbn-t°-≠-Xv. B Zni-bn-ep≈ At\z-jW-amWp cma-N-{µ-Kp-l-bpsS Cu ]pkvX-Iw.

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aebm-f- a-t\m-c-a-bpsS No^v k_vFUn-‰-dmWv teJ-I≥.

E-mail: ajaypmangatt@mm.co.in

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kvacW

sI.-sI. {io[-c≥ \mb¿: ÿnc-{]-b-Xv\hpw Bflm¿∞-Xbpw amXrI

a

cn-°p-∂-Xn\v HcmgvN ap≥]p ImWp-tºmƒ ]Xn-hp-t]mse {io[-c≥ \mb¿ tNmZn®p ""a[p Ct∏mƒ F¥p sNøp∂p?'' adp-]Sn At±lw {i≤n-®-Xmbn tXm∂n-bn-√. as‰t¥m Imcy-amb Btem-N-\-bn-emWv. ""acp∂v F{X aWn°p sIm≠p-hcpw?'' apdn-bn¬ klm-bn-bmbn \n∂n-cp-∂-bm-fn-t\mSp {io[c≥ \m-b¿ DXvIWvTt- bmsS At\z-jn-®p. ]e-h´w ]d™ adp-]Sn Abmƒ Bh¿Øn-®p. GXm\pw an\n-‰p-Iƒ°p-≈n¬ ho≠pw AtX tNmZyw Bh¿Øn-°p-∂Xp I≠p. c≠p-amkw ap≥]p I≠ {io[-c≥ \mb¿ ]mtS amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. cm{Xn-bn¬ Xosc Dd-°-an-s√∂pw Htc Imcyw Xs∂ Bh¿Øn®p tNmZn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-sa∂pw aI-fpsS `¿Ømhv tUm. ctaiv ]d-™p. ap≥s]ms° ImWp-tºmƒ HØncn hnti-j-߃ tNmZn-°pw.

F√m-h-sc-∏-‰nbpw At\z-jn-°pw. "shdpsX Ccn-°cp-Xv. Fs¥-¶nepw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°Ww' F∂v D]-tZ-in-°pw. sI.-sI.-Fk - v. F∂v R߃ hnfn-®n-cp∂ sI.sI. {io[-c≥ \mb¿ Aß-s\-bm-Wv. X\n°p {]nbs∏´ F√m-hc - p-sSbpw t£aw At±lw At\z-jn-®ncp-∂p. ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\t- a-Je - b - n¬ am{X-a√, Pohn-XØns‚ ]e L´-ß-fnepw D]-Im-c-{]-Z-amb ]e {]mtbm-KnIam¿§-Z¿i-\ß - fpw kl-{]-h¿Ø-I¿°v At±-lØ - n¬ \n∂p e`n-®n-cp-∂p. {io[-c≥ \mb¿ No^v k_v FUn-‰-dmbn sIm®nbn¬ tPmen t\m°p-tºm-gmWp Rm≥ k_v sI. sI. {io[-c≥ \mb¿ FUn-‰¿ s{Sbn-\n-bmbn AhnsS tPmbn≥ sNøp-∂Xv. ]I¬ jn^v‰n-epw- cm{Xn jn^v‰nepw Gsd°mew At±-lØ - ns‚ IqsS {]h¿Øn-°m≥ Ah-kcw e`n-®n-´p≠v. tem°¬ t]Pp-Iƒ sNøp-∂Xp t]mse-b√; H∂mw t]Pv cq]-Iev]\ sNøm≥ k_v FUn-‰¿am¿°v A]q¿h-amtb Ah-kcw e`n-°q. AXv jn^v‰v C≥ Nm¿Pv Bbncp∂ No^v k_v FUn-‰dmWv sNøp-I. {io[-c≥ \mb¿ sabn≥ jn^v‰ns‚ Npa-X-e-°m-c-\mbn hcp-tºm-sgms° R߃ k_v FUn-‰¿am¿°v H∂mw t]Pv sNøm\pw Nm≥kv In´n-bn-cp-∂p.

Hcp taep-tZym-K-ÿ-s\∂ `mhw sI.-sI.-F-kv. BtcmSpw Hcn-°epw ImWn-®n-´n-√. sIm®n-bn¬ RßfpsS \yqkv sUkvIv GXm≠v Hcp IpSpw_w t]mse-bm-bn-cp-s∂∂p ]d-bmw. {io[-c≥ \mb¿ F√m \nebv°pw XnI™ Hcp tkmjy-enÃv Nn¥m-K-Xn-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p. kz¥w hnizmk-ß-fn¬ At±lw Dd-®p-\n-∂p. {io[-c≥ \mb¿ ]e hnj-a-L-´-ß-fnepw Akm-[m-c-W-amb Bfl-ss[cyw {]I-Sn-∏n®p I≠p.

Bdp ]Xn-‰m-≠n-tesd \o≠ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\P - o-hn-Xw. A[n-Ia - m¿°pw Ah-Im-is - ∏-Sm≥ Ign-bmØ A]q¿hamb HutZym-KnIPohn-Xa - m-bn-cp∂p AXv. amXr-`q-an-bn¬ s{Sbn-\n-bmbn Ibdn No^v k_v FUn-‰¿, \yqkv FUn-‰¿, FUn-‰¿, ]ocntbm-Un-°¬kv FUn-‰¿ F∂o \ne-If - n-se√mw {]h¿Øn-®p. ]Øp-h¿jw At±lw FUn-‰d- mbncp∂p. \mKv]q¿ bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bn¬ \n∂p tP¿W-en-kØ - n¬ Untπma t\Snb At±lw ]n∂oSv amXr-`q-an-bnse {]h¿Ø-\ß - f - n-eq-sS-bmWp Xs‚ Ign-hp-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-ØX - v. At±-lØ - ns‚ Bflm¿∞Xbpw hniz-kvXX - b - pw ÿnc-{]-bX - v\hpamWv F√m t\´-ßf - p-sSbpw ASn-ÿm-\s - a∂p ImWm-\m-Ipw. sI.- sI. a[p-kq-Z-\≥ (ap≥ U]yq´n FUn-‰¿, amXr-`q-an, sIm®n) sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

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kvacW

hn.-hn. Z£n-Wm-aq¿Øn-

tZ im- ` n- a m- \ n- b n¬

Rm≥ I≠ G‰hpw kuay-\mb a\p-jy≥ hn.-hn. Z£nWm-aq¿Øn-bm-Wv. kuayX hy‡nKX_‘-ß-fn¬ am{X-am-Wv. ]m¿´n-bpsS Imcyw hcp-tºmƒ FXn¿]-£-Øp-≈-hsc Z£n-Wm-aq¿Øn amjv Im¿°-iy-tØmsS B{I-an-°p-∂Xp ImWmw. \ap°p ]cn-Nb-ap≈ amjv Xs∂-bmtWm AsX-gp-Xn-bsX∂p kwibw tXm∂pw. ae- ∏ p- d Øv GIm- [ ym- ] IhnZym- e - b Øn¬ A[ym-]I - \ - m-bmWp XpS-ßn-bX - v. hS°p-ºm´v slUvam-Ã-dmbn hnc-an-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. injy≥ IqSn-bmb Sn.-]n. cmPo-h≥ amsj-°p-dn®p ]d-™Xv Hcp kl-{]-h¿ØI-\n¬ \n∂p Rm≥ tI´n-´p-≠v. ¢msk-Sp-°ptºmƒ At±lw ]d- b pI lnµp- h nepw C¥y≥ FIvkv{]- n-ep-ap≈ teJ-\ß - s - f°p-dn-®m-Wv. A∂v AhnsS Cw•ojv ]{Xw In´m≥ {]bm-ka - m-Wv. Z£n-Wm-aq¿Ønamjv AXp tXSn-∏n-Sn®p hmbn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cw•ojn¬ \√ hn⁄m-\a - p-≠m-bn-cp∂ At±-lam-bn-cp∂p DØ-tc-¥y-bn¬ \n∂p hcp∂ F√m t\Xm-°f - p-sSbpw ]cn-`m-jI - ≥. AXpsIm≠p Xs∂ ]m¿´n-bpsS GXp tZio-bth-Zn-bnepw ]nW-dmbn hnP-b\pw hn.-Fk - v.

ANyp-Xm-\µ - \pw Ign-™m¬ G‰hpw IqSpsk]vXw-_¿ 2016

hn.-hn. Z£n-Wm-aq¿Øn: kuay-\mb Im¿°-iy-°m-c≥ X¬ t]¿°p ]cn-Nb - a - p-≠m-bn-cp-∂Xp amjns\-bm-Wv. tImgn-t°mSv Iayq-WnÃv ]m¿´n {]h¿Ø-I¿°v FXntc \S∂ emØn-®m¿Pn¬ Z£n-Wm-aq¿Ønamjn\pw ]cnt°-‰n-cp∂p. B emØn-®m¿Pn¬ at\m-c-a-bpsS No^v t^mt´m-{Km-^-dmbn-cp∂ Sn. \mcm-b-W≥ FSp-Ø Hcp t^mt´m tZio-b-{i≤ ]nSn-®p-]-‰n. anI® t^mt´m-{K-m^¿°p \¬Ip∂ Hcp Ahm¿Uv \yqU¬ln-bn¬ \n∂p Sn. \mcm-b-W\p In´n-bXv B t^mt´mbv°m-Wv. B Nn{Xw {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-tXmsS emØn-®m¿Pv F√mbn-SØpw N¿®m-hn-jb - a - mbn. kzm`m-hn-Ia - mbpw ]cn-t°-‰h - c - nU¬ln-bn-ep-≈-h¿°v G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ ]cn-Nbw aq¿Øn amjns\-bm-bn-cp-∂p. B kacw At±-lØ - ns‚ cmjv{SobPohnX-Øn-semcp hgn-Øn-cn-hm-bn-cp-∂p.

Adp-]X - p-If - n¬ {]i-kvXc - mb aq∂p amt\-P¿am-cmWp ]{Xcw-KØ - p-≠m-bn-cp∂Xv. tZim-`n-am\n sIm®n amt\-Pc - mb IÆ≥ \mb¿, amXr-`qan tImgn-t°mSv amt\-Pc - mb F≥. IrjvW≥ \mb¿, Xriq¿ FIvkv{]- ns‚ amt\-Pc - mb Fw.-sP. tPm¨.

At∏m-gmWv tImgn-t°mSv tZim-`n-am\n amt\-Pc - mbn Z£n-Wmaq¿Øn amjv Npa-Xe - t- b‰-Xv. 19 h¿jw At±lw amt\-Pc - mbn XpS¿∂p. Hcn-°¬ At±-lsØ I≠-t∏mƒ amjn\v A]q¿hamb Hcp sdt°mUp-s≠∂p Rm≥ ]d-™p. amt\-Pc - mbn h∂p No^v FUn-‰d- mb sdt°mUv, At∏mƒ At±lw Xncn®p ]d™p: ""D≠v; sI.-Fw. amXyp CXp c≠pam-bn-cp-∂p.'' A{Xbpw IrXyamb Hm¿abm-bn-cp∂p amjn\v. 10 h¿jw At±lw No^v FUn‰-dm-bn-cp-∂p. AXn¬ Ah-km\ \mtem At©m h¿j-amWp Imdn¬ k©-cn-®-Xv. t]cm{º FwF¬F Bbn-cn-°p-tºmƒ t]mepw _ n-emWp k©-cn-®n-cp-∂X - v. Iayq-WnÃp ]m¿´n-bnCXp-t]mse _ nse bm{Xbpw \S-∏p-ambn c≠p t\Xm-°tf D≠m-bn-´p-≈q˛ Z£n-Wm-aq¿Ønamjpw IÆq-cnse kn. IÆ-\pw.

BgvNI - ƒ°p ap≥]v tZim-`n-am-\n-bnse \yqkv FUn-‰¿amcpsS tbmK-Øn¬ At±lw ]d-™p. Xm≥ tcmK-{K-kvX-\m-bncn-°p-∂p F∂v. F√m-hcpw Aº-c-t∏m-sS-bmWv AXp tI´-Xv. Im≥k¿ BsW∂p Is≠Øn aq∂m-gvN-tbm-fta amjv Pohn®n-cp-∂p-≈q. AXym-lnXhn`m-KØ - n¬ \n∂p apdn-bn-te°p am‰nsb∂dn™v At±-lsØ ImWm≥ Rm≥ tImgn-t°mSv t]mbncp-∂p. hn.-hn. Z£n-Wm-aq¿Øn hnS ]d-bp-tºmƒ \jvSa - m-Ip-∂Xp kuay-\mb Im¿°iy°mc-s\-bm-Wv; Im¿°-iy-°m-c-\mb kuay-s\bpw. tXmakv tP°_v (ae-bmf at\m-ca FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ Ub-d-IvS¿, tIcf aoUnb A°m-Z-an-bpsS ap≥ sNb¿am-\p-amWv)

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A°m-Zan hm¿Ø-Iƒ

B¿.-F-kv. _m_p aoUnb A°m-Zan sNb¿am-\mbn Npa-X-e-tb‰p tI

cf aoUnb A°m-Zan sNb¿am-\mbn tZim-`n-am-\n- I¨kƒ´‚ v FUn-‰¿ B¿ Fkv _m_phns\ \nb-an-®p.

1978 apX¬ tZim- ` n- a m\nbn¬ {]h¿Øn°p∂ _m_phns‚ dnt∏m¿´p- I fpw teJ- \ ßfpw ]e-L-´-ß-fn¬ cmjv{Sob˛-`-cW taJ-eI-fn¬ Ne\w krjvSn-®p. \nb-a-k-`-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ At\z-j-WmflI dnt∏m¿´ns‚ t]cn-¬ {]kv Kme-dn- {]thi\ ]mkv kv]o°-¿ \ntj-[n®Xv henb H®-∏mSv krjv S n- ° p- I bpw, "{]kv ]mkv tIkv ' F∂ t]cn¬ kp{]ow-tIm-SXn hsc \o≠ \nb-a-bp-≤Øn\p hgn-h-bv°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]mkv \ntj[sØ XpS¿∂v am[y-a-߃ H∂-S¶w \nb-a-k` _ln-jvIc - n-®Xp ImcWw A∂sØ k¿°m-cns‚ \b-{]-Jym-]\w shfn®w I≠n-√. PeAtXmdn´nIpw`-tImWw ]pd-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-∂-Xns\ XpS¿∂v 19 F≥Pn-\n-b¿am¿ AS°w 21 DtZym-K-ÿsc k¿°m¿ kkvs]‚ v sNbvXp. sk{I- t ´- d n- b - ‰ nse ^b¬ Ipw`- t ImWw A\m-h-cWw sNbvX teJ\ ]c-ºc A∂sØ No^v sk{I-´dnsb k¿ho-kn¬ \n∂p kkvs]‚ v B¿.-Fkv. _m_p sNøp-∂-Xn\v hgn-sX-fn-®p. sk≥{S¬ Pbn-enepw at\m-tcm-Km-ip-]-{Xn-bnepw Ign™ hnNm-cW XShp-Im-cpsS A\-¥-amb XS-hp-Po-hnXw hnh-cn® At\z-j-Wm-flI dnt∏m¿´p-Isf XpS¿∂v At\-Iw-t]¿°v tamN\w e`n-®p. anI® dnt∏m¿´n-ßn-\p≈ inhdmw Ahm¿Uv c≠p XhW e`n-®p. kwÿm\ k¿°m¿ Ahm¿Uv, aoUnb {SÃv Ahm¿Uv, sF hn -Zmkv ]pc-kvImcw XpS-ßn-b-hbv°v A¿l-\m-bn. tIcf ]{X-{]-h-¿ØI bqWn-b≥ BIvSnMv P\-d¬ sk-{I-´dn, tIkcn kvamcI tP¿W-enÃv {SÃv sk{I-´-dn- F∂o \ne-I-fn{]h¿Øn- ® n- ´ p- ≠ v . Fkv - F ^v s FbpsS t\Xr- ÿ m- \ o- b - \ m- b n- c p- ∂ p. ASn- b - ¥ - c m- h - ÿ - b n¬ Fkv F^vsFbpsS sIm√w Pn√m sk{I-´-dn-. kn]nsF Fw kwÿm\ sk{I-t´-dn-b‰v AwK-am-bn-cnt° Imd-]I-S-Øn¬ acn® F≥ {io[-cs‚ (F≥-F-kv) aIƒ ]n KncnPbmWv `mcy. \nXn≥, \oXp F∂n-h¿ a°fpw tUm. anYp, kp\nXv F∂n-h¿ acp-a-°fpw.

AJn-te¥ym \ne-hm-c-ap≈ ÿm]-\-ambn tIcf aoUnb A°m-Z-ansb Db¿Øp-sa∂p Npa-X-e-tb‰-tijw am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I¿°p \¬Inb A`n-ap-J-Øn¬ At±lw ]d-™p. k¿°m-cp-ambn Btem-Nn®v A°m-Z-an-bpsS k_vsk‚-dp-Ifpw kvIqfp-I-fn¬ aoUnb ¢∫p-Ifpw Bcw-`n-°p-sa∂p sNb¿am≥ ]d™p. Im°-\m-´p≈ aoUnb A°m-Z-an-bn¬ Bcw-`n-°p∂ Kth-j-W-tI-{µsØ tZiob \ne-hm-c-ap≈ sk‚¿ Hm^v FIvke - ≥kv B°n Db¿Øpw. Fd-Wm-Ipfw {]kv ¢∫v {]kn-U‚pw tZim-`n-am\n t^mt´m FUn-‰-dp-amb sI. chn-Ip-am¿, A°m-Zan P\-d¬ Iu¨kn¬ AwKhpw AarX Nm\¬ _yqtdm No^pamb Zo]Iv [¿ΩSw F∂n-h¿ k∂n-ln-X-cm-bn-cp-∂p. sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

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"tImS-Xn-I-fnse am[y-a-hn-e°v: sslt°m-S-Xn-bn-ep≈ tIkn¬ aoUnb A°m-Zan I£n tNcpw' tIm

S-Xn-I-fn¬ am[y-a-߃°p hne-t°¿s∏Sp-Øn-b-Xp-ambn _‘-s∏´v sslt°m-S-Xn-bn¬ \nehn-ep≈ tIkn¬ tIcf aoUnb A°m-Zan I£n tNcp-sa∂p sNb¿am≥ B¿.-F-kv. _m_p ]d-™p.

Fd-Wm-Ipfw {]kv ¢_v kwL-Sn-∏n® ao‰v Z {]kv ]cn-]m-Sn-bn¬ kwkm-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p At±lw.

C°m-cy-Øn¬ \nb-a-hn-Z-Kv[-cp-ambn Bi-b-hn\n-abw \S-Øn. am[y-a-kzm-X-{¥y-Øn\p hne-ßn-Sp∂ \nb-{¥Ww DS-\Sn \o°w sNø-W-sa∂ Bhiyw D∂-bn®v No^v PÃnkv taml-\≥ Fw. im¥\ KuUbv°p \nth-Z\w \¬In-bn-´p-≠v. sslt°m-SXn Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ tImS-Xn-I-fn¬

\n∂p am[y-a-ßsf am‰n \n¿Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-t\mSp kwÿm- \ - k ¿°m- c n\pw hntbmPn- ∏ m- W p- ≈ - X v . apJya{¥n ]nW-dmbn hnP-b≥ Xs∂ C°mcyw hy‡am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. kwÿm-\sØ {]apJ A`n-`m-j-I¿ Dƒs∏-sS-bp-≈-h¿°p am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I-cp-ambn \√ _‘w XpS-c-W-sa∂ \ne-]m-Sm-Wp-≈-Xv. sslt°mS-Xn-bnse aoUnb dqw Xpd-°p-∂-Xn\pw am[y-a-{]h¿Ø-I¿°p kzX-{¥-ambn dnt∏m¿´v sNøp-∂-Xn\p≈ kuIcyw Hcp- ° p- ∂ - X n\pw ]pXnb No^v PÃnkv ap≥ssI-sb-Sp-°W - s - a∂pw sNb¿am≥ \nthZ-\-Øn¬ Bh-iy-s∏-´p.

kvIqfp-I-fnepw tImtf-Pp-I-fnepw aoUnb ¢∫v ]p

Xn-sbmcp tIcfw F∂ ]nW-dmbn hnP-b≥ k¿°m-cns‚ {]Jym-]\ - Ø - n\v CW-ßpw-hn[w A°mZ- a n- b psS apJ- O m- b bv ° p am‰w hcp- Ø p- s a∂v sNb¿am≥ B¿.-F-kv. _m_p ]d-™p. P\-ß-fpambn IqSp-X¬ CS-s]-Sp-∂, Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-sØkv]¿in-°p∂ Hcp ÿm]-\-am°n A°m-Z-ansb am‰m-\p≈ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ \S-∏m-°pw. CXns‚ `mKambn kvIqfp-I-fnepw tImtf-Pp-I-fnepw aoUnb ¢_v cq]o- I - c n- ° m≥ Dt±- i n- ° p- ∂ p. am[y- a - k m- £ - c X hf¿ØpI F∂ e£yw CXn\p ]n∂n- e p- ≠ v . hnZym¿∞n-I-fn¬ kn‰n-k¨ tP¿W-enkw t{]m’mln- ∏ n- ° m\pw kmaq- l y- { ]- X n- _ - ≤ X hf¿Øm\pw aoUnb ¢_v apJm-¥cw aq∂p an\n‰v ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ \yqkv ¢n∏n-ßnkv \n¿Ωn-°pw. CXp-ambn _‘-s∏´p kwÿm-\-Xe a’-chpw ]cn-K-Wn-°pw. ka-{K-amb Hcp ae-bmfw am[y-a-N-cn{Xw Xbmdm-°m-\p≈ ]cn-]m-Sn°p cq]w \¬Ipw. kwÿm-\Øn-\-IØpw ]pd-Øp-ap≈ hfsc apXn¿∂, tIc-fob-cmb {]ap-J-am-[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I-cpsS tUmIyp-sa‚dn \n¿Ωn-°m-\p≈ ]≤Xn Xbm-dm-°pw. C°m-cy-Ønk¿°m-cns‚ hnZym-`ymk Nm\-emb hnIvtS-gvkp-ambn kl-I-cn-°pw.

h¿jw tXmdpw kwÿm-\- ao-Unb s^Ãn-hkvIqƒ bph-P-t\m-’hw t]mse kwÿm\ aoUnb s^Ãn-h¬ h¿jw-tXmdpw \S-ØpI F∂ Bi-bh - p-ap-≠v. A°m-Za - n-bp-sS- hn-hn[ tImgvkp-Iƒ \S-Øp∂ C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v Iayq-Wn-t°-js\ tZiosk]vXw-_¿ 2016

b-{i≤ t\Sp∂ ÿm]-\-am°n Db¿Øm≥ \S-]Sn FSp-°pw. tIc-f-Øn\p ]pd-Øp≈ {]apJ hnZym-`ymk- ÿ m- ] - \ - ß - f p- a mbn A°m- Z - a nIv kl- I - c Ww tXSpw. `uXn-I-ku-I-cy-߃ sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xns‚ `mK-ambn C∂p≈ F√m ¢mkv apdn-Ifpw kvam¿´v ¢mkv apdn-I-fm-°pw.

Im°-\m´v ]pXnb _lp-\ne aµncw \n¿Ωn°pw A°m-Za- n-bpsS Im°-\ms´ Imºkv hnI-kn∏n-°pw. AhnsS dnk¿®v sk‚-dn\pw HmUn-t‰m-dn-bØn-\p-ambn ]pXnb _lp-\ne aµncw \n¿Ωn-°pw. aq∂p amk-Øn-\p-≈n¬ CXns‚ inem-ÿm-]\w apJy-a{¥n ]nW-dmbn hnP-b≥ \n¿h-ln-°pw. kwÿm-\-Øp-S-\ofw At\Iw am[y-a-]-T-\ÿm-]-\-߃ apf-®p-s]m-ßp-∂p-≠v. F∂m¬ \√ sSIvÃv _p°p-Iƒ C√. Cu Ipdhv A°m-Zan \nIØpw. tP¿W-enkw kw_-‘n® \√ ]pkvXI - ß - ƒ {]kn-≤o-Ic - n-°pw. kwÿm-\sØ am[y-a] - T - \ - ÿ - m]-\-ßsf tIm¿Øn-W-°m-\p≈ Hcp kwhn-[m-\ambn A°m-Z-ansb am‰pw. Hcp h¿jw Ipd-™Xv 12 ]pkvX-I-sa-¶nepw ]pd-Øn-d-°m≥ B{K-ln-°p∂p. s{]m^. Fw. eoem-hXn So®-dpsS "\s√-gpØv' F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ {]Im-i\w [\-a{¥n Sn.-Fw. tXmakv sFkIv \n¿h-ln-°pw.

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F∂pw \mw ]Tn-Xm-°ƒ : tUm. Fw. eoem-hXn tIc-f-ao-Unb A°m-Zan C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v Iayq-Wn-t°-j-\nse 2016˛-17 _m®p-I-fpsS {]th-i-t\m-’-h-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n®v tUm. Fw. eoem-hXn \S-Ønb {]`m-j-W-Ønse {]k-‡-`m-K-߃

C∂v A[ym-]I- Z- n-\a- m-Wv. hnZym¿∞n-Zn\w F∂ H∂v Ds≠∂p tXm∂p-∂n-√. ImcWw ]gb k¶ev]a - \p-kc - n®v A[ym-]I - \pw hnZym¿∞nbpw H∂m-Wv. D]\n-jØp-°f - psS ImeØv XnI®pw skIyp-e¿ Bb {]m¿∞-\I - ƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-sem∂v: Hmw kl-\u-A-hXp kl-\u...-`p-\‡p kl-hocyw Ic-hm-hssl tXPkzo-\u-˛-A-[nXw AkvXp am hn-Zznjm-hssl Hmw im¥n im¥n im¥n: A¿∞w˛ \Ωƒ Hcp-an®v c£n-°-s∏-St´ \mw Hcp-an®v kt¥m-jn-°pI Hcp-an®v {]h¿Øn-°pI \Ωƒ Hcp-an®v `£Ww Ign-°pI \Ωƒ Hcp-an®v A[y-b\w \n¿h-ln-°p-I.

\Ωp-tS-Xmb Cu "A[nXw' F∂p h®m¬ ]Tn®Xv tXPkzn-bm-bn-cn-°s´ \Ωƒ Hcp-an®p ]Tn-®Xv A[nIw tXP-kzn-bmbncn-°s´ F∂mWp ]d-bp-∂Xv . am hnZzn- j m- h - s sl˛ BtcmSpw bmsXmcp hntZzjhpw D≠m- I m- X n- c n- ° - s ´. CXn- t \- ° mƒ skIyp- e ¿ Bb {]m¿∞- \ - b pt≠m? icn- b mb A[ym-]-I-s\-¶n¬ Ah-km-\-izmkw hsc ]Tn-®psIm-t≠-bn-cn-°pw.

A[y- m ]- I ¿ Hcp h¿§w, hnZym¿∞n- I ƒ thsdmcp h¿§w. Aß-s\-b√ - . A[ym]-I¿ Hcn-°epw At[yXm-°ƒ A√m-Xm-Ip-∂n-√. icn-bmb A[ym]I≥ Ah-km\ izmkw hsc At[y-Xm-hm-bn-cn-°pw. ]Tn-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°pw. hnZym¿∞n-If - n¬ \n∂p ]et∏mgpw A[ym- ] - I cpw ]Tn- ° m- d p- ≠ v. Fs‚ hnZym¿∞n-I-fn¬ \n∂p Rm≥ ]eXpw ]Tn-®n-´ps≠∂v A\p-`hw sIm≠mWp ]d-bp-∂-Xv. A[ym-]I¿ hnZym¿∞n-I-fmbpw hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ A[ym-]-Icmbpw -am-dp∂ ]e kµ¿`-ßfpw D≠v. hn⁄m-\-{]-]©w km£m¬ {]-]©w t]mse sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

(46) A\p-£Ww hnI-kz-c-am-Wv˛ {]]©w Hcp _eq¨ t]mse ho¿Øp-h-cn-I-bmWv F∂mWp k¶ev]w.

A`n-{]mbt`Z-ß-fp-≠m-Imw. Steady state theory- 1940 Ifn¬ hnI-kn-∏n-s®-SpØ ]T-\-am-Wn-Xv. icm-icn km{µX \ne-\n¿Øp-tºmgpw {]]©w A\p-\n-anjw hf¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-bp≈ kn≤m-¥-am-Wn-Xv. F∂m¬ Pulsating Theory (B¬_¿´v sF≥Ãos‚ kv ] µ- \ - { ]- ] ©w F∂ kn≤m- ¥ w) ]d- b p- ∂ Xv {]]©w A\p-\n-anjw hnI-kn-°p-Ibpw kt¶m-Nn-°pIbpw sNøp- I - b msW∂m- W v . F∂m¬, ÿncÿnX{]]-©tam kv]µ-\-{]-]-©tam t]mse-b√ hn⁄m-\{]]©w. AXp hnI-kn-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p∂p. hn⁄m-\-im-J-I-fpw h¿[n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. hn⁄m-\-im-J-I-fn¬ ]eXnt‚bpw D]-im-J-Iƒ°p kvs]j-sse-tk-j≥ thtd hcp-∂p-≠v. a\p-jy-i-coc-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Imcy-am-sW-¶n¬ Hmtcm-∂n\pw thtd tUmIvS¿am-cm-Wv. IÆn\pw sNhn°pw Hs°.

Iøn\pw Imen\pw tht∆sd Ds≠∂v tXm∂p-∂n-√. ]t£, C\n ht∂-°mw. ]pXnb sSIvt\m-fPn A\p-kc - n®v ]tc-Xi - c - o-cØn¬ (B-flmhv t]mb ico-cØ - n¬) Xe h®p-]n-Sn-∏n°m≥ t]mIp∂p F∂p ]d-bp-∂p. A[nIw Xma-kn°msX a\p-jy-ic - o-cØ - n¬ Poh-\p≈ Xe H´n-°m≥ km[y-amIpw F∂-XmWp hm¿Ø. F¶nepw AXp km[y-am°pw. Xe-am-‰n-hb - v°¬ hsc (transplantation of head) hn⁄m\w hnI-kn-®p. A\p-£W - h - n-Ik - \w F∂ ]Zw ]q¿Wm¿∞-Øn¬ icn-bm-Wv. 3000 h¿j-߃°p ap≥]v Bdp imkv{X-ßfpw \mep thZ-ßf - p-am-Wp-≠m-bn-cp-∂X - v. imkv{X-im-JI - ƒ Bsd-Æt- a-bp-≈q. At∏mƒ AtX ]Tn-t°≠q. C∂v FÆ-a‰ imkv{X-im-JI - f - m-Wp-≈X - v. Znh-kØ - n¬ 24 aWn-°q-dm-Wp-≈Xv. Hmtcm aWn-°q-dn\pw 60 an\n‰pw an\n‰n\v 60 sk°‚pw. \ap°p In´p∂ kab-ØnsX√pw am‰-an-√. ]t£, \ap°p t\tS≠ Imcy߃°p t\ctØ ]d™ hnIkz-c-X-bp-≠v. GXnemWp \ap°p {]tXyIsshZ- K v [ yhpw hmk\bpap≈Xv F∂p-h® - m¬ B imJ \∂mbn ]Tn®p hnI-kn-∏n-°m≥ \√ {i≤-th-Ww. ] - {Xw F∂p ]d™m¬ {]n‚ v am{X-a-√. Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv aoUnb; C‚¿s\‰v Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ ]e-Xcw imJ-If - p-≠v. AXpsIm-≠mWp aoUnb A°m-Zan F∂v t]cp-Xs∂ am‰nb-Xv. GXn-emWv \nß-fpsS XmXv]c - y-w F∂-dn-bpI; GXn-emWp {]h¿Øn-°m≥ Ign-hp-≈Xv; AXn\p≈ {]h-WX - b - p-≈Xv AXn-\\ - p-kc - n®p ]Tn-°m≥ {ian-°Ww. Hmtc, \nan-jhpw D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ ]Tn-°W - w. ka- b sØ Unkv b qkv sNømw. ankv b qkv sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

sNømw. Unkvbqkv sNøpI F∂m¬ \njv{]-tbm-P\-am-°e - m-Wv. ankvbqkv F∂m¬ Zpjv{]-tbm-P\ - a - m-°pI. NoØ-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I. {]tbm-Kn-°m-Xn-cn°pI. kp{]-tbm-P-\-am-°p-I. In´p∂ ka-b-Øn\p bmsXmcp h¿[-\-hp-an-√. t\tS≠ Imcy-߃°p henb hym]vXnbp-s≠∂p a\- n-em-°n-s°m≠v Hcp \nan-jhpw \njv{]-tbm-P\ - a - m-°msX \∂mbn A[zm\n-°pI F∂p-≈X - mWv BZysØ A\p-{K-lw. In´p∂ kuI-cy-߃ apgp-h≥ ]c-am-h[n D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I. HcpXcw Un√n Umen-bnMv Fs∂ms° Cw•o-jn¬ ]d-bp∂-Xp-t]mse t\cwt]m°n-\p- th≠n t\cw D]-tbm-Kn°-cp-X.v e£yw ad-°msX {]h¿Øn-°W - w. AXn-\p≈ kn≤n-bp-≠m-I-W-sa∂v Biw-kn-°p-∂p. Biwk ^en-°W - t- a-sb∂p IqSn A\p-{Kln°p∂p. hf-sc-b-[nIw DØ-c-hm-ZnXzap≈ Hcp s{]m^j≥ BWnXv. P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ \mep kvXw`-ßfn¬ G‰hpw i‡n am[y-a-߃°mWv. PpUo-jydn sePn-t…-®¿, FIvkn-Iyq-´ohv F∂n-ßs\ a‰p aq∂p kvXw`-ß-tfbpw hna¿in-°m≥ Ign-hp≈ H∂mWp am[y-a-߃. AXn-\mWp IqSp-X¬ Dd-∏v. Iayq-WnÃv ap{Zm-hmIyw Hm¿°p-I˛ In´m-\p-≈Xp hen-sbmcp temIw; \jvS-s∏-Sp-hm-\p-≈Xp Nß-e-Iƒ. hf-sc-b[nIw km[y-X-Ifpw A[n-Im-chpw D≈ Hcp cwK-tØ°mWp \n߃ {]th-in-°m≥ t]mIp-∂-Xv. B temIØp {]h¿Øn-°m≥ sNdn-sbmcp A\p-{Klw IqSn Xcm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p.

Fhn-sS-bmWp tPmen In´pI F∂Xp {]h-Nn°m≥ ]‰n√. FhnsS In´n-bmepw kzoI-cn-°p∂p \Ωƒ. Aßs\ hcp- t ºmƒ AXp tNmbv k n\v AYhm Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n\v AXo-Xa - m-Wv. \Ωƒ P\n-°p∂Xp t]mse-bp≈ Hcp Imcy-am-Wv. GXp aX-Øn¬, GXp PmXn-bn¬, GX-—-\-Ω-am-cpsS aI-fmbn As√¶n¬ aI-\mbn P\n-°W - s - a-∂Xp πm≥ sNbvXn´p \S°p∂ Imcy-amtWm? \ΩpsS C—-°-Xo-X-am-WXv˛ Hcp aX-Øn¬, Hcp PmXn-bn¬ ]nd∂p hogp-∂p. Hcp Zº-Xn-am-cpsS a°-fmbn ]nd-∂p-ho-gp-∂p. \ap°p tNmbvkv C√. AXp-t]mse Xs∂-bmWp {]h¿Ø-\cw-K-tØ-°p≈ ]nd-hn-bpw. Fhn-sS-bmWp {]h¿Øn°m≥ kµ¿`w In´p-∂Xv? Adn-™p-Iq-Sm. Aßs\ In´p∂ kµ¿`w Nne-t∏m-sg-¶nepw C—bv°p hncp-≤am-bn´p hcmw. Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw kz¥w a\x-km-£n°-\p-kc - n®p Nne hnizm-k{- ]-am-Wß - f - p-≠m-Imw. tIcf-Øn-ep≈ ]{X-ßfpw am[y-a-ßfpsams° ]cn-tim[n®p t\m°p-I. Htc hm¿Ø, Htc kw`hw ]e ]{Xß-fn¬ ]e -co-Xn-bn-emWp ]pd-Øp-h-cp-∂-Xv. amXr-`q-an, at\m-c-a, tZim-`n-am-\n, am[y-aw, Zo]nI, tIc-f-Iu-apZn Cßs\ Hmtcm ]{X-Øn-ep≈

(47) hm¿Ø hmbn®p t\m°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Htc hnj-bsØ-°p-dn®p ]e- X-c-Øn-emWp dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ hcp∂-Xv F∂p ImWmw. Fß-s\-bmWv AXv? B ]{XØn\p kz¥-amb Nne \b-߃ D≠v. ]{X-Øns‚ \b-sØ PmXn, aXw, ]m¿´n Cßs\ k¶p-Nn-Xamb Nne (A-h-sb√mw k¶p-Nn-Xamb {]am-W-߃ Xs∂bm-Wv) {]am-W-߃ \bn-°p-∂p-≠v. GXp ]{XØn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂pthm AXns‚ \b-a\ - p-kc - n®p {]h¿Øn-°p-hm≥ \mw _m[y-ÿ-cm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. ]t£, \ΩpsS a\- ns‚ Nmbvhv thsdmcp Xc-Ønem-sW∂p hcmw. Cßs\ hcp-tºmƒ Nne {]bm-kß-fp-≠m-Ipw. B {]bm-k-ßsf adn-I-S-°m-\p≈ Ignhv \n߃°p≠mI-W-sa-∂Xv G‰hpw {][m-\s∏´ Hcp A\p-{K-l-am-Wv. F¥p ]d-bW - w˛ kXyw ]d-bW - w. AkXyw ]dbcp-Xv˛ A{]n-b-amb, {]nb-an-√mØ kXyw ]d-b-cp-Xv. Hcp {]amW-ap≠v kwkvIr-X-Øn¬˛ kXyw {_qbm-Xv. {]nbw {_qbm-Xv. \ {_q-bmXv kXya{]nbw (A{]n-b-amb kXyw ]d-bcp-Xv). {]nbw N \ \\rXw {_qbmXv {]nb-am-sW∂p h®n´v AkXyw ]d-b-cp-Xv. kXyw {_qbmXv {]nbw {_qbmXv \{_q-bmXv kXy-a-{]nbw {]nbw N \\rXw {_qbmXv Cujmlv [¿Ω x- k-\m-X\ x ]gb {]am-Wa - m-Wv. ]gb Bfp-Iƒ ]d-™n-´p-≈Xm-sW-¶nepw ]c-ak - X - y-amb {]am-Wa - m-W.v {_n´ojv P\X- I-≠n-´p≈ D÷z-e{- ]-`m-jI - c - n¬ Hcm-fmb F¿a≠v _¿Iv ]d-™n-´p-≠˛v Those who dont look backward to our ancestors, will not look forward to posterity. hcpwXe-ap-dI - f - n-te°p t\m°m-\p≈ Ign-hp-≠m-IW - s - a¶n¬, ]q¿∆n-Ic - n-te°p t\m°m-\p≈ Ign-hp-≠m-IW - w. {_n´o-jp-Im¿ ]d™p F∂p-≈X - p-sIm≠v CXp kXyam-Ip-∂n√ F∂n-√. \ap°v {_n´o-jp-Im-tcmSp ]gb i{XpX-bp-≠.v F∂n-cn-°nepw Ah¿ ]c-ak - X - y-߃ ]eXpw ]d-™n-´p-≠v. A°q-´Ø - n¬ H∂m-Wn-Xv. ]q¿∆n-Ic - nte°p t\m°m≥ Ign-™n√ F∂p-s≠-¶n¬ hcpwXeap-db - n-te°p t\m°m≥ Ign-hn-√m-Øh - c - mbn t]mIpw F∂m-W.v hcpwXe-ap-dI - f - n-te°p t\m°m≥ Ign-hp-≈h-cm-sW-¶n¬ ]pd-tIm´p t\m°m\pw Ign-hp-≠m-IW - w.

AXp-sIm-≠mWv Rm≥ Cu {]amWw D≤-cn-®X - .v kXyw ]d-bW - w, {]nbw ]d-bW - w. A{]nbw ]d-™m¬ ]{XØn¬ \n∂p ]pd-Øm°pw. {]nbw ]d-bWw F∂ph®v AkXyw ]d-bc - p-Xv. ]{X-Øn\p {]nb-am-bXp ]d-bp-I. F∂m¬, AkXyw ]d-bm-Xn-cn-°p-I. {]nbw N \\rXw {_qbm-Xv˛ AXn-emWp {]amW-Øns‚ Fk≥kv Ccn-°p-∂-Xv. {]nbamIWw

F∂p h®n-´v AkXyw ]d-b-cp-Xv. ]{X-Øn\p {]nbam-bXp ]d-b-Ww. F∂m¬, AkXyw ]d-bm≥ Hcpßm-Xn-cn-°p-I. a\x-km-£n°p hnjaw hcm-Ø-hn-[Øn¬ \b-tØm-Sp-IqSn t]mIm≥ CXmWp {]am-Ww. A{]n-ba - mb kXyw ]d-bm-Xn-cn-°p-I. kXyw ]d-bWw icn Xs∂. ]t£, \ap°p tNmdp Xcp∂ ÿm]-\Øn-t\mSv Ah¿°v A{]n-ba - m-Ip∂ kXyw ]d-tb-≠.

Cßs\sbmcp \bw ssIs°m-≈msX apt∂m´p t]mIm-\m-In-√.' \nß-fpsS a\x-km-£n°p IpØv D≠m-°mØ hn[-Øn¬, AXm-bXv a\x-km-£n-tbmSp cRvPn∏v D≠m-Ipw-hn-[-Ønep≈ ]{X-Øn¬Øs∂ tPmen In´s´ F∂-XmWv Fs‚ A\p-{K-lw. tZim-`n-am\n Iayq-WnÃv XØz-ß-tfmSp hniz-kvX-Xbp≈ Hcp ]{XamWv. B ]{X-Øns‚ \bØn\\p-kc - n-®p≈ Hcp hnizm-k-{]-amWw \ap-°p-≠m-bm¬ HØpt]mImw. Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv aoUn-bb - nepw CXp-t]mse ]e-Xc - Ø - nep≈ {]am-W-ß-fp-≠v. B {]am-W-ß-sfms° \Ωƒ A\p- k - c n- ° p- I bpw AtX- k - a - b Øv kaq- l Ønt\mtSm \Ω-tfmSp Xs∂tbm AkXyw ]d-bp∂ Ahÿ D≠m-Im-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I. \bw F∂Xp \ΩpsS kz¥w Ign-hmWv. C\n as‰m-∂p-≈Xv kaq-l-tØm-Sp≈ I¿Ø-hyam-Wv. AXv Ft∏mgpw \nZm-\p-km-cn-bm-bn-cn-°-Ww. BcmtWm IjvS-s∏-Sp-∂Xv, hnj-an-°p-∂Xv, ]oUn-∏n°s∏Sp∂Xv, ]e-Xcw a¿±-\-߃°p hnt[-b-cm-bncn-°p-∂-Xv Ah-tcmSv B`n-apJyw F∂p-≈-Xn¬ hn´phogvN ]mSn-√. a¿±-I-tcmSpw ]oU-I-tcmSpw B`n-apJy-an-√msX a¿±n-X-tcmSpw ]oUn-X-tcmSpw B`n-ap-Jyap-≠m-Ip-I˛ bqtKm-…m-hn-b-bnse GtXm Hcp {Kma{]-tZ-iØp P\n-®n´v C¥y-bn¬ h∂v sIm¬°-Øbnse sXcp-hp-If - n-ep≈ At\-Im-bncw Ip™p-ßsf FSpØp hf¿Øn Ah¿s°ms° B{i-b-am-bn-cp∂ aZ¿ sXtc-ksb ]pWy-h-Xn-bmbn {]Jym-]n® Zn\-ambn-cp∂p C∂se. aZ¿ tXtc-ksb Hm¿°m-\p≈ Zn\w IqSn-bmbn, C∂sØ A[ym-]-I-Zn-\w.

Cß-s\-bp≈ hy‡n-I-sf-∏‰n dnt∏m¿´v sNøptºmƒ "Ip™p-ß-sf-sbms° FSpØp hf¿Øn; icn-X-s∂. ]t£, AsX√mw aX-Øn¬ tN¿°m≥ th≠n-bmWv' F∂v Hcp ]{Xw A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-I-bmsW-∂n-cn-°-s´. \∑-bpsS IqsS Hcp Xn∑-bp-am-Wv. ]t£, Cu Xn∑ kXy-amtWm A√tbm F∂p \Ωƒ \njv ] - £ - a mbn Btem- N n®p t\m°Ww. Ah¿ sNøp∂ ]pWy-I¿ΩsØ CXv HcpXc-Ønepw _m[n°p-∂n-√. Rm≥ t\ctØ ]d-™-Xp-t]mse Xs∂ Cu Ip™p-߃ GXp aX-Øn¬ ]nd-°p∂p F∂Xv Ah- c psS Cjv S a\p- k - c n- ® - √ . Ip™p- ß ƒ°v sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

(48) Adn™pIqSm GXv aX-Øn¬ ]nd∂p F∂-Xv. A\y¿°p th≠n IÆo-scm-gp-°m-\p≈ Ignhv a\p-jy\p am{Xw. kl-X-]n-°m-\p≈ Ignhv a\pjy¿°p am{X-ap≈ kn≤n-bm-Wv. Cu Ignhv Atßb-‰-tØmfw hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Nncn-°m\p≈ Ignhpw a\p-jy¿°p am{X-am-Wv. Np≠v, sIm°v XpS- ß nb Ah- b - h - ß ƒ F√mw a‰p ]e P¥p°ƒ°p-ap-≠v. Fw.-]n. \mcm-bW]n≈-bpsS ]´n Nncn°p-am-bn-cn-°pw. a\p-jys‚ kn≤n-bmWv A\ysc t\m°n H∂p Nncn-°pI F∂Xv. H∂pw \jvS-s∏-Sm\n-√, Nn√n-°m-ins‚ sNe-hn-√. A\y-cpsS a\- n-\nØncn BÀmZw sImSp-°pI F∂ Ignhv. Nne¿ Hcn°epw Nncn-°n-√. Ah¿ temI-Øn-t\mSp t{ZmlamWp sNøp-∂X - v. Nncn-°m-\p≈ Ignhv th≠-t]mse D]-tbm-Kn-°-Ww. ]cn-lm-k-am-bn-cn-°cpXv. a‰p-≈-h-tcmSp kulrZw ]pe¿Øp∂ a‰p-≈h- c psS ZpxJ- Ø n¬ klX- ] n- ° p∂ coXn. CXp am\pjn-I-am-b [¿Ω-am-Wv. `mj F∂ am[y-a-Øn\v HcpImeØpw Cu {]m[m\yw C√m- X m- I m≥ t]mIp- ∂ n- √ . b{¥ßsfms° F{X h∂mepw icn, b{¥-߃ {]h¿Øn°p-∂Xpw {]tXyIw `mjbp≠m-°n-bmWv. `mj hfsc {][m-\-amWv. C∂ `mj-tbm-tS aaX D≠mIm≥ ]mSp≈q F∂-Xn¬ A¿∞-an√. aXØn¬ ]nd∂p-hogpw t]mse-bm-Wp `mj-bnepw ]nd-∂p-ho-gp-∂Xv. ae-bmfw kwkm-cn-°p∂ Hc-Ω-bpsS aIt\m aItfm Bbn ]nd-∂m¬ ae-bmfw amXr-`m-j-bm-Ipw. Cw•ojv kwkm- c n- ° p- ∂ - h - c psS a°- f m- s W- ¶ nCw•ojv amXr-`m-j-bmIpw. AXpw \ΩpsS Xnc-s™Sp∏v A\p-k-cn-®-√. temI-Ønse F√m `mj-Ifpw Hcp- t ]mse ]hn- { X- a mWv . At∏mgpw `mj F∂ am[yaØn¬˛ GXmtWm ]ndhnbnte \mw ]cn-Nbs∏-Sp-∂-Xv, B `mj-bn¬ ]c-am-h[n sshZKv[yw

D≠m-°m≥ {iaw \S-Ø-Ww. ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I¿, A`n`m-jI - ¿, Fgp-Øp-Im¿, \oXn-]m-eI - ¿am¿ F∂nh¿°v Hs° Bh-iy-ap≈ am[y-a-amWp `mj. AXn¬ ]cam-h[n sshZKv[yw t\SpI. F√m-h¿°pw Hcp t]mse sshZKv[yap≠mbn F∂p hcn-√. ]≠p-≈h - ¿ ]dbpw \mgn s - Im-≈p-∂X - n\m\mgn sIm≈n-°m≥ ]‰n-√. DØ-cc - m-am-bW - Ø - n¬ ]d™n-´p-≠v˛ kqcys‚ Inc-Wß - ƒ F√m-h¿°pw Hcpt]mse hnX-cWw sNø-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]t£, I√ns‚ D≈n¬°qSn t]mIp∂ civanbpw kv^Sn-I-Øns‚ D≈n¬°qSn t]mIp∂ civanbpw Hcp t]mse-b√ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂X - v. kv^Sn-IØ - ns‚ D≈n¬ AXp IS°p-∂p. I√ns‚ D≈n¬ IS-°p-∂n-√. _u≤nI kn≤nI-fn¬ Aßs\ Nne hyXym-kß - sfms°-bp≠v. AXp \ap°p \ntj-[n-°m-\m-hn-√. ]t£, B hyXym-kß - fpsS ]cn-anXn AwKo-Ic - n-®p-sIm-≠v, B ]cnan-Xn-bn\n∂p-sIm-≠v, BIm-hp-∂n-St- Ømfw t\Sp-I, AXmWp ]d-bm-\p-≈X - v. `mj-bn¬ sshZKv[yw t\Sp-∂X - v GXp cwKØpw hnP-bn-°p∂-Xn\p klm-bI - a - m-Wv. `mj-bpsS {]tbm-KØ - n-ep≈ {]Xyp-X] v ∂ - a - X - nXzw Hcp {]tXyI kn≤n-bm-Wv. {]Xyp-Xv]∂ - a - X - nXzw F∂p h®m¬ kµ¿`-Øn\v G‰hpw tbmPn-°p∂ hm°v As√¶n¬ hmIyw D®-cn-°m-\p≈ kn≤n. AXp tXm∂-Ww. AXmWp {]Xyp-X] v ∂aXnXzw F∂p ]d-bp-∂X - .v kµ¿`Øn\v G‰hpw Bh-iy-am-bn-´p≈ hm°p th≠-hn-[Øn¬ tXm∂pI-sb-∂XmWp `mj-bnse {]tbmKsshZKv[yw. AXp t\Sm≥ ChnsS [mcmfw kuI-cy-ßf - p≠v. kµ¿`-ßf - p-≠.v AXp th≠ t]mse D]-tbm-Kn®p sIm≠p BZyw ]d-™p-t]mse "tXP-kzo-\u A - [ - nXw AkvXp;- tX-P-kzo\u A[nXw AkvXp'--˛ \ΩpsS A[nXw tXP-kzn-bm-bn-cn-°s - ´, P\-߃°v D]-Im-c{- ]Z-am-bn-cn-°s´ F∂p \n߃°v A\p-{Klw \¬Ip∂p; Biw-kI - ƒ \¬Ip-∂p.

ssk≥kv ^nenw s^Ãn- h ¬˛ tSm°v tjm aoUnb A°m- Z - an- b n¬

s^

U-td-j≥ Hm^v ^nenw skmssk-‰okv Hm^v C¥y tIc-f-L-S-IØns‚bpw sIm®n _n\mse ^ut≠-js‚bpw kwbp-‡m- `n-ap-Jy-Øn-ep≈ \S-Ønb Ne-®n-{X-ta-ft- bm-S\ - p-_‘ - n®p tIcf aoUnb A°mZ-an-bn¬ tSmIv tjm \S-Øn. kn·n-ss^Uv F∂ t]cn-ep≈ H∂-c- a-Wn-°q¿ \o≠ tjm ssk≥kv Ne-®n{X-ta-f-bpsS Ncn{Xhpw hf¿®bpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-s\m∏w Ahm¿Up t\Snb Nn{X-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Ah-t_m[w krjvSn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Ah-kcw \¬In. tIcf tÉv Ne-®n{X A°m-Zan P\-d¬ Iu¨kn¬ AwKw a[p P\m¿±-\≥, sam≠mjv ^nenw skmssk‰n {]kn-U‚ v aΩ-Zv, sIm®n- ^nenw skmssk‰n sk{I-´dn A\q]v h¿Ω, aoUnb A°m-Zan sk{I-´dn sI.-Pn. kt¥mjv F∂n-h¿ {]kw-Kn-®p.

sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

Bookshelf

The Principles of Multimedia Journalism: Packaging Digital News

by Richard Koci Hernandez and Jeremy Rue- Routledge (2016) Rs. 2790.00 In this much-needed examination of principles of multimedia journalism, experienced journalists Richard Koci Hernandez and Jeremy Rue systemize and categorize the characteristics of the new, often experimental story forms that appear on today’s digital news platforms. By identifying a classification of digital news packages, and introducing a new vocabulary for how content is packaged and presented, the authors give students and professionals alike a way to talk about and understand the importance of story design in an era of convergence storytelling.

Online, all forms of media are on the table: audio, video, images, graphics, and text are available to journalists at any type of media company as components with which to tell a story.

This book provides insider instruction on how to package and interweave the different media forms together into an effective narrative structure. Featuring interviews with some of the most exceptional storytellers and innovators of our time, including web and interactive producers at the New York Times, NPR, The Marshall Project, The Guardian, National Film Board of Canada, and the Verge, this exciting and timely new book analyzes examples of innovative stories that leverage technology in unexpected ways to create entirely new experiences online that both engage and inform.

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New Books @ Academy Library

(49) Cross-Cultural Journalism: Communicating Strategically About Diversity

By Maria Len-Rios and Earnest Perry Routledge (2016) Rs. 3100.00 Built on the hands-on reporting style and curriculum pioneered by the University of Missouri, this introductory textbook teaches students how to write about and communicate with people of backgrounds that may be different from their own, offering real-world examples of how to practice excellent journalism and strategic communication that take culture into account. Specifically, the book addresses how to: · engage with and talk across difference; · identify the ways bias can creep into our communications, and how to mitigate our tendencies toward bias; · use the concept of fault lines and approach sources and audiences with humility and respect; · communicate with audience about the complexity inherent in issues of crime, immigration, sports, health inequalities, among other topics; · interpret census data categories and work with census data to craft stories or create strategic campaign strategies; · reconsider common cultural assumptions about race, class, gender, identity, sexual orientation, immigration status, religion, disability, and age, and recognize their evolving and constructed meaning and our role as professional communicators in shaping national discussions of these issues.

In addition to its common sense, practical approach, the book’s chapters are written by national experts and leading scholars on the subject.

Interviews with award- winning journalists, discussion questions, suggested activities and additional readings round out this timely and important new textbook. Supplemented by a companion website featuring additional case studies and examples of best practice, Cross-Cultural Journalism offers journalists and other communication professionals the conceptual framework and practical know-how they need to report and communicate effectively about difference. sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

(50)

temIw I≠ hc A¥¿t±iob am[yacwKsØ {]ikvXamb Im¿´qWpIƒ ]cnNbs∏SpØpIbmWv Cu ]w‡nbn¬. amXr`qan Im¿´qWnÃmb tKm]oIrjvW\mWv Ch Xncs™SpØv AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv.

DZm-ck - ao-]\ - s - Øbpw ImgvN∏ - m-Sp-Isfbpw {]Xn\n[o-Ic - n-°p∂ Atacn-°≥ FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ Im¿´q-Wn-Ãmb t¢ s_\-‰ns‚ cN-\. FUn-t‰m-dnb¬ Im¿´q-Wnw-Kn-\p≈ 2002-˛se ]pen-‰vk¿ ]pc-kvImc tPXm-hmb s_\‰v Ct∏mƒ N´-\qK ssSwkv {^o {]kn¬ tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-°p-∂p.

t¢ s_\‰v tKm]oIrjvWs‚ C˛sabn¬: cartoonistgopikrishnan@gmail.com Printed and Published by K. G. Santhosh, Secretary, Kerala Media Academy, Published from Kerala Media Academy, Kakkanad, Kochi – 682 030; Printed at Sterling Print House Pvt Ltd, Edappally; Editor: R. S. Babu

sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

(51)

2013-˛se thƒUv {]kv t^mt´m ]pc-kvImcw Ic-ÿ-am-°nb Nn{Xw. Ombm-{Km-l-I≥- ˛ -Fan≥ Hmkvsa≥ (Xp¿°n-bnse GP≥kv se tP¿Wens‚ Ãm^v t^mt´m-{K-m^¿). kndn-b-bnse Aet∏m \K-c-Øn¬ UnknU‚ v {^o B¿an ssIb-S° - nb hnZym-eb - ß - f - n-sem-∂n¬ Kh¨sa‚ v GP‚ v F∂p kwi-bn-°p-∂ hy‡n-Isf XS-hp-Im-cm- ° - n-h® - n-cn-°p-∂p. XpS¿®-bmbn 48 aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ tNmZyw sNbvX-Xn\p tij-am-Wn-hsc hn´-b-bv°p-∂-Xv.

Fan≥ Hmkvsa≥ sk]vXw-_¿ 2016

(52)

Media Monthly | September 2016 | `20/- | RNI Reg No. KERBIL/2000/01676

sk]vXw-_¿ 2016