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Women In Media Saraswathy Nagarajan

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-cp- ]p-Xn-b- tem-I-Øn-\m-bp-≈- kz-]v-\w- i-‡n-s∏-Sp-tºm-tg]-g-b- tem-I-Øn-\v- F-Xn-cm-b- t]m-cm-´w- h-f-cq.- "-kw-_-‘w-'A-kw-_-‘-am-sW-∂v- hm-Zn-®v- A-Sp-°-f-bn¬-\n-∂pw- A-c-ß-tØ°v- h-∂- A-¥¿-P-\-ßfpsS GSv- a-d-∂p-t]m-tI-≠- C-Xn-lm-ka-√.- C-¥y-bnse ap-X-em-fn-Ø- hy-h-ÿn-Xn- -^yq-U¬- bm-Ym-ÿn-Xn-IXz-sØ- A-[n-Im-c-Øn-s‚- A-I-Ø-f-ß-fn-epw- k-aq-l-Øn-s‚- F-√mXp-d-I-fn-epw- C-∂pw- \n-e-\n¿-Øp-∂p.- A-Xn-\m¬- hn-e-ßp-I-fp-sS- \-Sphn¬- \n-∂pw- kzm-X-{¥y-Øn-s‚- hn-im-e-∏-c-∏n-te-°v- h-\n-X-Iƒ-°vh-cm-≥ I-gn-bp-tº-m-tg,- 70 h¿-jw- ap-ºv- cm-Pyw- t\-Sn-b- cm-{„o-b- kzm-X{¥y-Øn-\v- A¿-Y-ap-≠m-Ip.- A-Xn-\p-th-≠n,- h-\n-X-I-fp-sS- A-`n-am-\-in-c n-\m-bn,- \-ap-°p-th-Ww- H-cp- kv-{Xo-]-£- am-[y-a-\-bw.-

Editor R. S. Babu Editorial Board K.C. Rajagopal George Podippara Printer & Publisher K.G. Santhosh Editorial Co-ordination Sreeja Balachandran Marketing In Charge Shainus Markose Design & Layout Chetana Media, Kottayam Address ‘Media’ Kerala Media Academy Kakkanad, Kochi – 682 030 Phone: 0484 2422275 Email: kmamedia2015@gmail.com mediamag.kma@gmail.com Website: www.keralamediaacademy.org

kv-{Xo-kulrZm¥co£w- k-aq-l-Øn¬- cq-]-s∏-SpØp-∂-Xn¬- am[y-a-߃°v- h-en-b- ]-¶p-≠v.- ]-t£,- kv-{Xo-{]-iv-\-ß-sf- A-`n-ap-Jo-I-cn°p-tºmƒ- am-[y-a-߃- s]m-Xp-hn¬- Im-´p-∂- D-Zm-ko-\-X-bpw\n-tj-[m-fl-IX-bpw- ]-c-t°- hn-a¿-in-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v.- am-[y-a-tem-I-Øvkm-am-t\y-\- \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂-Xv- enw-K-t_m-[- \n-kw-K-am-b- H-cp- ]-cnk-cw- (Gender insensitive environment) B-Wv.- Ku-c-h-ap-≈- kv-{Xo-hnj-b-ß-fp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-´- hm¿-ØI-tfm-Sv- _-lp-`q-cn-]-£w- am-[y-a -ß-fpw- ap-Jw-Xn-cn-°p-∂p.- Cu- X-a-kv-I-c-W-Øn-\v- Im-c-Ww- ]p-cp-jm-[n]-Xy-k-aq-l-Øn-s‚- s]m-Xp-aq-ey-t_m-[-Øn-s‚- ]-cn-k-c-am-Wv- am-[y-a-ßsf- \n-b-{¥n-°p-∂-Xv- F-∂-Xm-Wv.- C-Xn-\p-≈- ]-cn-lm-c-L-S-I-ß-fn¬- apJy-am-b- H-∂v- am-[y-a-cw-K-Øv- kv-{Xo-]-¶m-fn-Øw- K-Wy-am-bn- h¿-[n-∏n-°pI- F-∂-Xm-Wv.tI-c-f-Øn¬-t∏m-epw- kv-{Xo-]-¶m-fn-Øw- h-f-sc- Ip-d-hm-Wv.- 4000˛5000 Aw-Ko-Ir-X- am-[y-a-{]-h¿-Ø-I-cn¬- G-gp-i-X-am-\-Øn¬- Xm-sgbm-Wv- h-\n-X-Iƒ.- Xp-ey-am-b- I-gn-hp-I-fp-s≠-¶n-epw- kv-{Xo-bm-b-XpsIm-≠v- sXm-gn¬- \n-tj-[n-°p-∂- ÿn-Xn- hm¿-Øm-ta-J-e-bn-ep-≠v.{]-tXy-In-®v- A-®-Sn-am-[y-a-cw-K-Øv- tPm-en- sN-øp-∂- kv-{Xo-Iƒ- A-\p-`hn-°p-∂- {]-iv-\-߃ H´phfsc BWv.- ]-e sXm-gn-en-S-ßfpw- kv-{Xo ku-lr-Z-]-c-a-√.- ssew-Kn-I-am-bn- Nq-j-Ww-sN-øp-∂- kw-`-h-߃t]m-epw- D-≠m-Ip-∂p-≠v.- {]-tXy-I- ip-Nn-ap-dn,- hn-{i-a-ap-dn- Xp-S-ßn-b-h- ]e- ÿm-]-\-ß-fn-epw- C-√.- {]-k-hm-h-[n- a-Xn-bm-b- Im-e-tØ-°v- \¬-IpI,- ]-cn-K-W-\- B-h-iy-ap-≈- Im-e-Øv- A-\p-tbm-Py-am-b- ÿ-e-ß-fn¬\n-b-a-\w- \¬-Ip-I- Xp-S-ßn-b- Im-cy-߃- sN-øm-Ø- am-t\-Pv-sa-‚p-I-fp≠v.- {]-kv-¢-∫p-I-fn¬- kv-{Xo-Iƒ-°v- kz-X-{¥-am-b- C-Sw- C-\n-sb-¶n-epwIn-t´-≠-Xp-≠v.h-\n-X-mam-[y-a-{]-h¿-Ø-I¿-°v- Iq-Sp-X¬- kp-c-£n-X-Xz-hpw- kw-c£-W-hpw- C-∂-sØ- Im-e-L-´w- B-h-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p.- Ku-cn- e-t¶-jv-

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_w-K-fq-cp-hn¬- {Iq-c-am-bn- sIm-√-s∏-´n-´v- am-k߃I-gn-bp-∂p.- C-\n-bpw- sIm-e-bm-fn-I-sf- ]n-Sn-Iq-Sm-\m-bn´n-√.- Ku-cn- [o-c-bm-b- am-[y-a-{]-h¿-Ø-I-bpw- ]p-tcm-K-a\-hm-Zn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p.- a-X-\n-c-t]-£- t_m-[w- D-b¿-Øn∏n-Sn-°p-∂- am-[y-a-{]-h¿-Ø-I-sc- A-k-ln-jv-Wp -X-mi-‡n-Iƒ- th-´-bm-Sp-∂- kw-`-h-߃- cm-Py-Øv- h¿[n-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.- _n-sP-]n- A-[y-£-≥ A-an-Xv-jmbp-sS- a-I-≥ sP-bv-jm-bp-sS- I-º-\n-°v- tam-Un- `-c-WØn¬- km-º-Øn-I- Ip-Xn-®p-Nm-´-ap-≠m-b-Xv- ]p-d-ØpsIm-≠p-h-∂Xv "-Z- h-b¿-'- Hm-¨sse-≥ ]-{X-Ønse- ka¿-Y-bm-b- dn-t∏m¿-´¿- tcm-ln-Wn- kn-MmWv.-- A-Xv- cm-PysØ- A-[n-Im-c-tI-{μ-ß-sf- ]n-Sn-®p-e-®p.A-tXm-sS- tcm-ln-Wn-kn-ßn-s‚- Po-h-\v- t\-sc-bpw`o-j-Wn- D-b¿-∂n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.- Cu- ]-iv-Nm-Ø-eØn¬- am-[y-a-{]-h¿-Ø-I¿-°v- {]-tXy-In-®vh-\n-X-I-fp-sS- ]-cn-c-£-°v- k¿-°m-cp-I-fpw- \n-b-a-\n¿am-W-k-`-I-fpw- \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ- kzo-I-cn-°-Ww.am-[y-a-ta-J-e-bn¬- kv-{Xo-]-¶m-fn-Øw- Ip-d-hmsW-∂-Xv- am-{X-a-√- \-b-]-c-am-b Xocpam\ßsfSp °p∂ Xe-ß-fn-¬- A-h-cp-sS- km-∂n-[yw- \-t∂- Ip-dhpam-Wv.- Zr-iy-am-[y-a-ß-fn¬- \yq-kv- do-U¿,- B-¶¿- XpS-ßn-b- X-kv-Xn-I-I-fn¬- kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS- \n-d-km-∂n-[y-ap≠v.- F-∂m¬,- tI-c-f-Øn-e-S-°w- Zr-iy-am-[y-ata-[m-hn- ]-Z-hn-I-fn¬- h-\n-X-I-fn-√.- h¿-Ko-b- I-em-]Øn-s‚-bpw- \-h-D-Zm-c-h¬-°-c-W- \-b-Øn-s‚-bpw- BLm-Xw- Im¿-jn-I-˛-a-’y-_-‘-\- ta-J-e-I-fn-epwZ-fn-Xv-˛-\yq-\-]-£- hn-`m-K-ß-fn-epw- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬A-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-Xv- kv-{Xo-I-fm-Wv.- Cu- h-kv-Xp-Xs]m-Xp-hn¬- hn-kv-a-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.- kv-{Xo-{]-iv-\-ß-tfm{]-iv-\-ß-fn-se- kv{- Xo- Im-gvN - ∏ - m-tSm- Im-Wm-\pw- X-nc - n-®dn-bm-\pw- I-gn-bp-∂n-√- F-∂n-SØ - m-Wv- Cu- Zp-c¥ - a - p-≠mIp-∂X - v.- hm¿-Øb - n¬- kv{- Xo- ÿm-\w- ]n-Sn-°p-tºm-gm-Is´- kw-`h - w-Xs - ∂- sk-≥tk-jW - s - se-kvsN-øs - ∏-Sp-∂p.- {]-ik - vX - b - m-b- N-e® - n-{X- \-Sn- sIm-®nbn¬- ]o-U\ - Ø - n-\n-cb - m-b- kw-`h - Ø - n-eS- ° - w- A-XvIm-Wmw.- km-aq-ly-Zu-Xy-Øn-\v- ]-Ic - w- C-°n-fn-s∏-SpØp-∂- ssew-Kn-IX - b - n¬- I-Æp-hb - v° - p-∂X - v- am-[y-aß - fp-sS- em-`s - °m-Xn-bm-Wv.- A-Xn-\p-Im-cW - w- aq-e[ - \ - i - ‡n-Iƒ-°m-W- v- am-[y-aß - f - p-sS- D-Sa - ÿ X - - F-∂-Xm-Wv.am-[y-a-cw-Kw- hy-h-km-b-am-bn- am-dp-I-bpw- A-h- \S-Øp-∂-h-cp-sS- Zu-Xyw- ]-c-ky-°m-cp-sS- Xm¬-]-cy-

߃- kw-c-£n-°p-I- F-∂-Xn-te-°v- Iq-∏p-Ip-ØpIbpw- sN-bv-X-Xn-s‚- ^-e-am-bn- am-[y-a-ß-fn¬- kv-{XoX-cw-Xm-gv-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p-sh-∂v- kw-ÿm-\- h-\n-Xm- I-Ωoj-s‚- H-cp- ]-T-\- dn-t∏m¿-´v- Nq-≠n-°m-´n-bn-´p-≠v.am-[y-a-ß-fn¬- hn-t\m-Z- hy-h-km-bw- B-[n-]-Xyw- ÿm]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- A-Xn-\m¬- hm¿-Ø-I-fpw- hn-h-c-ß-fpwIp-d-bp-I-bpw- A-h-t]m-epw- hn-t\m-Z- hy-h-km-b-Øn-\vIo-gv-s∏-Sp-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.- Iq-Sp-X¬-t]-sc- B-I¿-jn®m-te- ]-c-ky-I-º-\n-Iƒ- ]-c-kyw-\¬-Ip- F-∂-Xn\m¬- A-Xn-\m-bn- G-X-‰w-h-sc- t]m-Im-\pwam-[y-a-߃- X-øm-dm-Ip-∂p.- hw-io-b-X-bpw- sXm-en-\n-dhpw- C-hn-sS- {]-iv-\-am-Ip-∂p.- C-Ø-cw- hn-j-b-ß-fn-se√mw- A-Xn-s‚- ap-Jy-C-c- kv-{Xo-X-s∂sb∂v h-\n-Xm- I-ao-j-≥ dn-t∏m¿-´v- Nq-≠n-°m-´p∂p.kv-{Xo-ap-t∂-‰-Øn-\pw- kv-{Xo-]-Z-hn- D-b¿-Øm\pw D-≈- Zu-Xyw- \n-d-th-‰p-∂-Xn¬- h-\n-XmB-\p-Im-en-I-ß-fpw- Sn-hn- ko-cn-b-ep-I-fpw- kn-\n-aI-fpw- s]m-Xp-hn¬- ]-cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.- k-ao-]-Im -e-sØ- ko-cn-b-ep-I-fn-se- kv-{Xo- Kq-Vm-tem-N-\-°m -cn-bpw- Zp-„-_p-≤n-bp-am-Wv.- {]-Xn-Im-c- \n¿-h-l-WØn-tem- D-Øp-w-Kirw-K-Øn-epw.- kv-{Xo-bp-sS- i-{Xpkv-{Xo-X-s∂- F-∂- B-i-bw- H-fn-®p-I-S-Øp-I-bm-WvSn-hn-bpw- kn-\n-a-bpw- Dƒ-s∏-sS-bp-≈- am-[y-a-߃.kv-{Xo-{]-iv-\-߃-°v- b-Ym¿-Y- Im-c-Ww- km-aq-ly-hy-hÿn-Xn-bm-Wv.- A-Xv- a-d-®p-h-bv-°p-∂- k-a¿-Y-am-b"-F-kv-‰m-ªn-jv-sa-‚ v-'- kw-c-£-W-\-b-am-Wv- s]m-Xp-tham-[y-aß - ƒ-°p-≈X - v.Cu- km-lN - c - y-Øn¬- Hm-tcm- am-[y-aÿ m-]\-hpw- kz-¥a - m-bn- H-cp- kv{- Xo-\b - w- B-hn-jvI - c - n-®v- \-S∏m-°p-∂X - v- A-`n-Im-ay-am-Ipw.- am-[y-aß - ƒ-°v- s]m-Xp-hmbn- H-cp- h-\n-Xm-\b - w- B-hi - y-am-sW-∂v- tI-cf - ao-Un-b- A-°m-Za - n- I-cp-Xp-∂p.- ]-t£,- \-bw- ]p-dØ - p-\n∂v- A-Sn-t®¬-∏n-°p-∂X - m-Ic - p-Xv.- Hm-tcm- am-[y-aÿ m-]\-hpw- {]-kv¢ - ∫ - p-If - pw- ]-{X-{]-h¿-ØI - - kwL-S\ - I - f - pwh-\n-Xm- Iq-´m-bva - I - f - pw- \-bc - q-]o-Ic - W - Ø - n-\vap-t∂m-´p-hc - W - w.- A-ßs - \- cq-]s - ∏-Sp-Øp-∂- \-b Ø - n-s‚- A-Sn-ÿm-\Ø - n¬- tZ-io-ba - m-bn- H-cp- kv{- Xo]-£- am-[y-a\ - b - w- tI-{μ-k¿-°m¿- {]-Jym-]n-°W - w.tI-{μ-Øn-\v- am-Xr-Ib - m-Im-≥ tI-cf - w- ap-∂n-´n-dß - W - w.kv{- Xo-]£ - - am-[y-a- \-b{- ]-Jym-]\ - Ø - n-\m-bn- \-ap-°vssI-tIm¿-°mw....- tI-cf - Ø - n¬- H-Øp-Iq-Smw.-

tIcf aoUnb A°m-Zan `c-W-k-anXn AwK-߃ sNb¿am≥: B¿. Fkv. _m_p (tZim-`n-am\n), sshkv sNb¿am≥: sI.-kn. cmP-tKm-]m¬ (a-e-bmf at\m-c-a) AwK-߃: hn. hna¬ Ipam¿ (am-Xr-`q-an), ]n.-kn. sk_m-Ãy≥ (am-[y-aw), Fw. cLp-\mYv (tZ-im-`n-am-\n), Fkv. _nPp (G-jym-s\‰v \yqkv), F≥.-]n. Pnjm¿ (ao-Unb h¨), ]n.-hn. N{μ≥ (am-Xr-`q-an), Zo]p chn (tI-cf Iuap-Zn), ^m. t_m_n AeIvkv aÆw-πm-°¬ (Zo-]n-I), km_p h¿Kokv (aw-K-fw), a[p B¿. _me-Ir-jvW≥ (tI-c-f-i-_vZw), Pb¥v amΩ≥ amXyp (a-e-bmf at\m-c-a), sI. am[-h≥ (G-jym-s\‰v \yqkv), t__n amXyp (Po-h≥ Snhn), sNdp-Ic kÆn eqt°mkv (tI-c-f-i-_vZw), tPmkv ]\-®n-∏pdw (a-e-bmf at\m-c-a), tPm¿÷v s]mSn-∏md (am-Xr-`q-an), te_n kPo-{μ≥ (am-Xr-`qan \yqkv), _nhn≥ ]o‰¿ (P-bvlnμv Snhn), chn Un.-kn. (Un.-kn. _pIvkv), Zo]Iv [¿ΩSw (A-arX Snhn), {iotZhn ]n≈ (a-t\m-ca \yqkv), sk{I-´dn (^n-\m≥kv), sk{I-´dn (C≥^¿ta-j≥ & ]ªnIv dnte-j≥kv), Ub-d-IvS¿ (C≥^¿ta-j≥ & ]ªnIv dnte-j≥kv), saº¿ sk{I-´dn: sI. Pn. kt¥mjv.

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report to a woman and I have also worked for women Editors. The print and electronic media have seen women reporters evolve into editors and brilliant, hard-hitting correspondents, editors and analysts, especially in the English media.

Over the last two decades, the number of women in Indian media has seen a significant rise.

Although, in the seventies and even in the eighties, women media persons fought with department heads to be allowed to write and report on politics, war, crime and civic issues, so called ‘hard news’, today there are many women doing an excellent job as reporters and editors in diverse fields. There are also many women working in the fields of gender, children, health, ecology and so on. Both the print and electronic media have witnessed this healthy change on the gender front.

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So is everything hunky dory for women in media?

A UN report says that according to a Global Media Monitoring Project on women journalists, between 1995 and 2015, “women’s share of newsSaraswathy making roles in the Nagarajan traditional media was 24 percent of the total”. And that, as the report notes, is a negligible change since 2005, when women were 23 per cent of news makers.

An online publication called Newslaundry.com’s an online publication’s gender-based survey of four national English dailies in 2014, showed that of 8,681 articles included in the survey, 73 per cent were written by men.

Only 27 per cent of the articles were written by women.

And the numbers might be depressing if one were to take into account the number of women working in regional media in the BIMARU states. A glance at the headlines and the news and a good read between the lines prove that women are still fighting a battle for their rightful space in media and elsewhere. It is not an easy battle.

There are multiple issues embedded in the all-embracing label ‘women in media’ and each of those issues requires careful study and discussions and cannot be easily brushed under one lazy theme of ‘women in media’. In addition to the question of the number of women mediapersons in media, there are serious issues involved in the way women and news about women and women’s issues are covered in the media, about the accessibility that women have to the media and the space that women

Nisha Susan

Dhanya Rajendran

get in news feeds and also their reach in the higher echelons of media organisations. Their prospects for professional development, networking and fair remuneration are being scrutinized and discussed. Harassment at the workplace, safety of mediapersons and portrayal of women in the media continue to be major issues of concern.

Editor and senior journalist Gauri Lankesh’ s murder still remains unsolved. And there are many more Gauris in the making unless the government comes down hard on bullies and criminals who threaten the freedom of expression guaranteed in our Constitution. Many like Gauri have to deal with death threats and more when their work goes against the interests of the establishment or powerful lobbies. The UN report of 2015 takes note of the risks taken by women in the course of their work and suggests legislation and other measures to ensure their safety.

While print and electronic media have been in the throes of change, one place where women are visible and vocal is social media. It is true that even when problems, and serious ones at that, exist, women are thriving in social media as users and consumers of news.

Blogs, facebook, instagram, youtube and so on have seen women express themselves in myriad ways. To give women’s issues and women more visibility, bold and young journalists have started online journals devoted to women’s issues. Nisha Susan’s The Ladies Finger is one such online magazine that is going where no man or woman has gone before by delving into current issues pertaining to women. The reporters pull no punches while writing about different topics and a female centric viewpoint is one of the most important and interesting highlights of the young publication.

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One of the ways in which women mediapersons are gaining strength and fighting back is by forming a platform to tackle their problems. All-India organisations like the Network of Women in Media are giving a space for women to organize, speak and discuss gender-related issues.

Pioneered by veteran mediaperson Ammu Joseph and a handful of senior women journalists, the 14-yearold organisation has helped professionals to network, share information and resources, lobby on behalf of women working in different media and promote gender equality in media and society.

Another way in which social media has changed the equation is by putting women on top.

With a few significant exceptions, almost all print and electronic media organisations are run by Mr. Editors but women like Dhanya Rajendran, editor of The News Minute and Nisha Susan are their own bosses and both are in their thirties.

This is not to assume that online publications and mediapersons have it all easy. It has also become a platform for attacks against women.

Recently, Dhanya was subjected to trolling and online abuse for her remarks about a Tamil super star’s film. What is heartening is that she refused to be cowed down and took them on legally till the main perpetrator apologised for his abusive and threatening posts.

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By constantly focusing on women and their professional challenges and triumphs, the NWS has become a powerful rallying force for women media professionals.

Recently, women in cinema have also resorted to a common platform to air their views and concerns in an industry that is notoriously patriarchal. The Women’s Collective in Cinema has helped women in cinema taken on powerful, entrenched patriarchal lobbies in the Malayalam cinema industry.

Private conversations with women in media reveal the many hurdles they have to overcome in their everyday work. They are certainly conquering peaks of excellence and breaking glass ceilings in the process but the journey has not been easy and it will not be in the future as well. Forget about groping ministers, sexist bosses, rapacious colleagues

and work challenges. The enemy often is the mindset, which will take time to change.

Women reporting from warzones and anchoring news while taking on abusive and chauvinistic guests in newsrooms are certainly powerful image that deconstruct gender roles and emphasise that gender should not be a barrier in a media professi-onal’s work.

In addition, the need of the hour in many cities is a space for women media-persons to gather. Perhaps one like the Indian Women’s Press Corps (IWPC) in Delhi might provide a model for women mediapersons in many states. Indian Women’s Press Corps (IWPC), established in 1994, “was set up to support women journalist in their professional work, in enhancing their knowledge and skills and to provide a forum for networking”.

The news sorority is a reality in India, one that needs to be strengthened for best journalistic practises all across media. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Deputy Editor, The Hindu Email: saraswathy1@gmail.com

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9

In a freewheeling interview eminent historian and academic Romila Thapar talks to noted journalist Siddarth Varadarajan on the importance of raising questions. Excerpts from the interview published in the online news portal The Wire.

S

iddharth Varadarajan : Is critical thinking in India somehow under threat?

In posing this question, I had in mind not just overt or covert pressures from the state, or political figures or political authority, but also, in a sense, public attitudes. The growing tendency for the public to acquiesce in the state’s own intolerant attitude towards dissent, towards difference, the ease with which the middle class buys into hero worship, cult of personality, excessive valorisation of the nation; these are all very much a part of present day India.

If you look at the election of Donald Trump, or if you look at political trends in Europe, then clearly this may also be a global phenomenon. Of course, the ‘closing of the Indian mind’ has been going on for some 10

HIvtSm_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ 2017

time – I would say for longer than the tenure of the present government, you can trace it back a decade or longer. But there is a sense in which these negative trends have accentuated or sharpened over the past two and a half years. In 2015, we saw the debate over tolerance and intolerance – when artists, writers, cultural personalities mounted a critique of the government’s own toleration of violence, and its failure to act when minorities were Siddarth being targeted – and Varadarajan the prickly way in which

government ministers responded. And then in 2016, the attack seems to have shifted to the university. We saw the way events unfolded in Jawahar Lal Nehru University. I would say things have since moved on – we have a very toxic media environment where excessive jingoism seems to have become the norm and you have a situation where the executive branch of government is encroaching on virtually every countervailing institution this country has: the judiciary, parliament, the central bank, the media etc.

how to represent people and opinion and so on, the articulation people’s ideas, the whole question of majoritarianism and so on. Is this sufficient or do we have to go beyond this now and consider the fact that there seem to be all these people coming into power on really a minority vote? I mean, one-third is hardly a majority vote, and the process is such that they have to come to power. Even Trump’s vote is not such an overwhelming vote.

In this kind of an environment, where critical thinking is under threat, how do you see the role of public intellectuals? What should they be doing?

Thapar: So I think there is a need now, for people to say right, democracy means these basic institutions, but how do we make them effective? How do we make them more representative, how do we allow people to participate much more, and determine in a sense, other than just giving a vote, the one man one vote, I think has been now overplayed. I am not suggesting that we take away the vote, but how do we strengthen that vote, how do we do something to make that vote much more effective and encourage people to come out and vote, because there is a lot of sitting back

Romila Thapar: Well, you raised a host of issues. Before I get on to the ‘public intellectual’, let me just say that I have been disturbed like all of us have been disturbed, by not just what has been happening in our country, but worldwide, and the election of Trump was certainly a startling wake up call. I think it does raise a couple of questions which need to be answered, like why are we losing the sense of critical inquiry that we always appreciated? It is true that the idea of a critical inquiry is usually associated with the middle class, and there is an element there of very conventional thinking, largely, but there is also an element of dissent, and I think one should really look at what is happening there as well. Admittedly, it is true that the dissent has not been as vocal as one would have thought, which does add to the notion that there is a decline, and there is in fact a decline of critical inquiry. But I think that the two issues it does bring up very strongly: one is the question of the institutions and structures of democracy, have we come to a point today, where we have to rethink what those institutions and structures should be? We have always based ourselves on elections, representation-

vote.

Varadarajan: In fact, he lost the popular

and saying “I don’t like the system, I’m not interested, I won’t vote”. That’s one set of questions we have to address.

HIvtSm_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ 2017

11 11

The other, I think, came to me very strongly, was that America was always presented as not just the democratic system but also a highly educated society, and by all accounts it is a highly educated society. What went wrong with the education? What is it about the content of education, that we need to now consider much more seriously than we’ve done before, and this applies to India equally, or much more even, because how many people ask the question “what are you actually teaching the child?”. You’re giving the child information, you’re expecting the child to repeat that information, and all this about objective questions and this, that and the other is really the old catechismic style of you’re given a predetermined question and you’re given a predetermined answer, and that’s what you produce.

Now, for me, the essential qualifier in any kind of educational system is teaching a child to think critically and ask questions. We are not doing that. In fact, we have ministers who say, “you can’t ask questions”.

When I say the public intellectual plays an important role, how do I define the public intellectual? The public intellectual is a person who is in a profession, a professional person, and a person who is respected in his profession. It is not just anybody, not just any journalist but a journalist who has a reputation of being good or a social scientist or a scientist, somebody who is respected. The person is respected for the fact that the knowledge that he tries to convey to the public is reliable knowledge and not fantasy. He is not just getting up and spouting, but knows what he is talking about. Thirdly, a person like that must have a sense of ethics, and that is something that we are rapidly losing, in the practice of politics, in the practice of governance, in the practice of education, and so on. The bringing back of, not saying this is good and this is bad and being moral about it, but the sense of asking this question each time: is this ethical or not, which is a question we have ceased to ask of late. So I think that that is very important in the making of a public intellectual.

Varadarajan: Or it is anti-national to ask questions, or if you ask questions about black money it is because you have black money.

The relation of the public intellectual to society is that the public intellectual must have a concern for civil society, must have a concern for the duties, the rights, the obligations of citizens to a state. Wherever this is not being brought to the fore, they must help to bring it to the fore.

And finally and very importantly, the public intellectual is there to protect the rights and the obligations of the citizen. That protection is fundamental, especially in situations where people get by with all sorts of gimmickries and dishonesties, and it is terribly important that there be a scatter of public intellectuals: visible, audible, saying “sorry, this is not the way to do it” and to protect those rights.

Thapar: This is an absurdity which I think needs to be torn apart, because the whole purpose of education is to train people to ask questions, and unless you produce a citizenship that is questioning, it’s going to be very difficult to have intelligent debates on the representation of people in a democracy. That is very important, and it is all very well to say that America has very good schools, but what are they teaching? Are they, in fact, teaching this, or does this critical inquiry element come in at the university level, and even then for the majority of the Americans it doesn’t exist. So I do feel very strongly that there are these institutions that we take for granted in a democratic system which maybe we need to look at now, more critically, and question the effect that they’re having on the whole issue of the kind of governance that is coming our way.

Now this is something, that yes, educationists and other people need to think about very carefully and certainly the public intellectual plays an important role in this.

12 12

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TO ASK OR NOT TO ASK, THAT IS THE QUESTION Varadarajan: For some time now you’ve been zeroing in on the importance of asking questions. Now this is the fundamental problem of our times. Academia is of course the one arena where this has to take place, but a questioning attitude has to be adopted by the media too. And it’s quite alarming to me as a journalist to see how the practice of journalism has shifted from a profession where one took pride in being

adversarial against those in authority to one where big media today prides itself in being the conscience keeper of the state, of the ‘nation’, egging the state on to battle in a more determined fashion against ‘enemies’, be they external or internal.

How troubled are you by the way in which media culture in this country has evolved? I don’t know how much of a television news watcher you are, but there’s a lot that’s pretty horrid out there night after night.

going on in central India and Bastar and so on, how many news channels have actually gone to adivasi villages and asked the adivasi people, why they are supporting or opposing the Naxals? Hardly ever. You get people from Delhi who are commenting on this all the time, but go ask the people who are actually involved in it.

You don’t do that. With the exception of one or two channels, by and large, there is a tendency to have pontification from certain predictable

Thapar: Oh, I think one of the reasons why I’ve ceased to be a television news watcher is precisely because I find it absolutely indigestible. I mean, you sit there and look at what is being presented and you say, how can they do this? In many cases, in many channels, it is a deliberate misleading. In other channels, it is a refusal to ask questions. You have a crisis, for example, which involves the adivasi community, whether it is worship of their sacred mountain, whether it is the demand for a better life that is

people on every issue and that is really not what is the media’s role, at least as I see it.

There might be people who say the role of the media is only to entertain, which I don’t accept, because I think if the media is, in fact, the medium of communication, then it has to do much more than that. Then it has to do things like having serious discussions. Every time I talk to television or media people and say why don’t you raise the level of your discussions, or have a half-hour discussion every evening by people HIv HIvttSm_¿ Sm_¿ ˛˛ \hw\hw-_ _¿¿ 2017 2017

13 13

who are professionally equipped to talk about the subject, they say we lose our viewership, and I don’t buy that at all Varadarajan: So this whole alibi – that ‘we are giving our viewers what they want’ – doesn’t work for you.

Thapar: No, I think you can change a readership’s demands by giving them something better. French television, for example, is a lovely case of where years ago they started a programme of half an hour or 40 minutes, of book reviewing. They take one book, and they get three people to discuss that book, and it became one of the most popular programmes in France. Now, France is not an extra highly educated country, it is normal like any European country. I think the point is that you have a variety of people who are looking in, and you give them that variety of programmes, but somewhere you make sure that the quality of the variety you are giving them is a little higher than the lowest common denominator, and that is where I think the media doesn’t really reach out. When there is a problem, it doesn’t really reach out to the people who are concerned with that problem, and ask questions about why they are concerned, what their concern is, what the problem is. You can’t generalize sitting at a distance, you have to go out and that going out is not enough.

Varadarajan: This shift in official discourse, if [governments] were confronted with an uncomfortable point of view in the past, the obvious tactic would be to ignore it or to starve the department of funds, or to ensure that in future, hiring took place in a different kind of way. Today, the government or the people in authority seem to have successfully mobilized a section of the media to actually assist them in the attack on university autonomy, critical thinking, differences of opinion.

Showing clips of a bunch of kids shouting slogans, or a professor giving a lecture – the media showing clips in order to incite public sentiment, is something very new and dangerous.

Thapar: Well, I think it’s the use of media now not to communicate the reality but to propagate ideology. This is a different use of the media altogether. I was struck by the idea 14

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that in 2015, when we had this outburst on intolerance, various TV channels asked me to do interviews, and I did some, and those were shown, even though I said things in a very direct fashion. Two important channels invited me, we fixed the day and the time and then I was rung up and told that “we are very sorry, we were not given permission”. And I thought to myself, that if for a simple interview of 10 minutes you have to take permission from jo upar baitha hai, then really, where is the autonomy of the media?

Varadarajan: Right, exactly. The media has always had problems in this country. I’ve been a journalist for 20 years, and have worked in media organizations in a situation where we’ve had six prime ministers: Narasimha Rao, H.D. Deve Gowda, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Inder Gujral, Manmohan Singh, and now Narendra Modi, but the climate today is really quite different, in the sense that media proprietors are far more risk averse, far less willing to have their people ask questions, and far more willing to clamp down on an interview, or a debate topic, or an op-ed.

There’s a sense in which certain kinds of questions will not be tolerated, and I think this is really what’s alarming – that you still have media and academic freedom for all intents and purposes, but important areas of enquiry are shut out.

Thapar: You see, there are two reasons for that. One is that you shut it out because you don’t want anyone to have a dissenting opinion and you want everybody to agree to what is going on, but you do that because you have a sense of insecurity. You yourself are not confident and secure enough to say “it doesn’t matter, we can have a discussion where some people will take an opposite point of view and some people won’t”. But when you’re frightened of opposition and dissent, then you resort to the idea of shutting people up or not allowing people to speak only.

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

The writer is a founding Editor of the Wire, an Indian American editor, Academic and former Editor of The Hindu

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couple of weeks after the deeply shocking murder of Gauri Lankesh in Bangalore in September 2017, I was invited to speak to university students in the city about the implications of her violent death for the media in general and journalism in particular. This is a substantially abbreviated version of my lecture.

Gauri Lankesh had metamorphosed over the past couple of decades into a fiery, fearless journalist and activist, known in particular for her spirited and consistent opposition to communalism, majoritarianism and casteism – both in print and on the ground. In an interview last year she not only observed that certain people want to see her in jail but added, “...let me assure you, they are keen to somehow shut me up too...” And

now they have – tragically, forever.

It is important to note that Gauri’s sudden and untimely death raises to 41 the number of journalists known to have been killed for confirmed, work-related reasons over the past 25 years in this country – known as the world’s most populous democracy. India Ammu Joseph was ranked 136th (out of 180 nations) in the latest World Press Freedom Index, three points down from last year. In recent times India has also been labelled the third most dangerous place for journalists in the world and the most deadly in Asia.

Ahead of World Press Freedom Day this year, The HIv tSm_¿˛ ˛\hw\hw2017 HIv tSm_¿ __ ¿ ¿2017

17

Hoot highlighted the fact that 54 attacks, and 25 cases of threatening journalists, were reported within the country over the previous 16 months. Just two weeks after Gauri was murdered, Santhanu Bhowmick, a journalist from Dinrat news channel, was killed in Tripura.

So the assassination of Gauri Lankesh goes beyond the murder of an individual, independentminded journalist, deplorable and condemnable as that is in itself. It is part of a disturbing trend and represents a blatant attack on freedom of expression.

She herself had recently called attention to the growing threat to freedom of expression in general and the right to dissent in particular in the country today.

I believe it also calls into question the reality – even the dream – of a new India, a modern Bangalore and, indeed, a civilised society. Whether or not one knew Gauri or admired, liked or agreed with her, her murder cannot but affect us all, as citizens of what we still assume is a democracy, with Constitutionally guaranteed fundamental rights including – as the Supreme Court recently reminded us – the right to dissent.

18

HIvtSm_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ 2017

It is highly likely that the executionstyle murder was prompted by Gauri’s political views, writings and activities. So, on the face of it, the crime would seem to have more to do with her work as a journalist and activist than with her gender. However, it has become increasingly clear that there is a special kind of hostility, even hatred – especially in certain quarters – towards women who are strong, have strong views, are unafraid of voicing their opinions and of taking action based on their convictions. And many women journalists tend to fall into that category.

The animosity towards “bold” women is very evident if you look at the nature of the online trolling that women, including and – in some ways – especially female journalists, are subjected to. Sexual abuse in the most unimaginably filthy language is par for the course. In addition they have to deal with not only “gender-neutral” death threats but also threats of sexual

violence, acid attacks and other forms of violence specially reserved for women.

Gauri was, of course, mercilessly trolled while she lived – and even after her death, by some who thought it appropriate to justify and even celebrate the murder.

The Network of Women in Media, India has issued half a dozen statements over the past few months deploring such virtual violence against various women journalists and calling for action against offenders (the frequency of our statements has risen sharply in recent times, which suggests that there is an increase in such incidents).

Female journalists in Kerala have also been targets of such attacks.

With Gauri’s murder the violence appears to have moved from the virtual world into the real one. And that is an alarming development with terrible implications for not only journalists but society as a whole.

The latest report of the UN SecretaryGeneral on the safety of journalists and the issue of impunity focuses specifically on the safety of women journalists. It clearly states that there has been an increase in violence, threats and harassment against women journalists and that even the number of women journalists being killed is on the rise.

According to the report, women journalists disproportionately and routinely face gender-based violence in the workplace and in the field, online and offline. A recent example in India involves the female journalist who featured in the Quint video urging readers to report rapper Omprakash Mishra’s offensive, sexist song, “Bol Na Aunty…”

Death threats she received in the middle of the night reminded her of what had happened to Gauri Lankesh. She also received rape threats. Ultimately Quint took down the video, ostensibly in order to protect the journalist. Even more recently a story about pre-puberty girls being paraded bare-chested during a temple festival in Madurai occasioned a virtual onslaught on the female editors of The Covai Post in the form of Facebook posts, Whatsapp messages and even phone calls.

According to the UN report, women are also more likely than their male counterparts to face reputational smearing campaigns, often of a sexual nature, as well as threats of attack against family members. The latest example of such attempted character assassination here is the recent slanderous Facebook post by a former police officer about an unnamed but clearly identifiable female journalist.

To her credit she boldly challenged his allegations in a Facebook post of her own.

As the UN report states, the online environment constitutes a new platform for attacks against women, which are usually anonymous and exceedingly invasive. As with women and girls generally,

women journalists are disproportionally and increasingly subjected to online threats of violence, including sexual violence, trolling, doxing and being “swatted”.

Women who cover topics such as politics, law, economics, sports, women’s rights, gender and feminism are particularly likely to become targets of HIvtSm_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ 2017

19

such violence. While men journalists are also subject to abuse online, abuse directed against women journalists tends to be more severe and genderrelated.

As with cases of violence against women generally, most women journalists do not report or make public the violence they experience. Countless women journalists choose to continue working in the face of violence, threats or harassment, but some understandably resort to self-censorship, shutting down their digital accounts, and/or leaving the profession.

Such attacks can also have a chilling effect on other women journalists. In fact, we may never know the impact of Gauri’s murder on the prospects of women coming into the profession. For many young women, especially from rural areas or small towns, and from socially and economically disadvantaged backgrounds, it is already a struggle to enter the media – overcoming opposition from families, discrimination in hiring practices, and other such barriers. The idea that media careers not only require long and late hours, more mobility and more professional as well as social interaction with strangers (including men), but could actually be physically dangerous, too, may well make things even harder for them. And this would be a great pity – not only for them as individuals but for the media and society as a whole because media diversity is a vital aspect of freedom of expression.

Moving on, it is important to note the point made by an editorial in the online news and current affairs website, The Wire, in the wake of Gauri’s death: 20

HIvtSm_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ 2017

“Journalists in India have long valued their independence, but of late, that one-time feistiness has morphed into a coziness with the powers that be. Some journalists are blatant about their support for the government, others, while pretending neutrality and equidistance, are more subtle. Either way, the space for independent journalism – which does its job with-out fear or favour and seeks to serve only the reader/ viewer – is rapidly shrinking.

“A brazen killing such as this one seeks to send out a chilling message to not just journalists but to all independent thinkers and dissenters – that this could be their fate too. The only proper response should be to do the exact opposite of what the killers want – to continue standing up to those who are out to spread terror and silence all opposition. Intolerance of this kind has to be resisted and exposed. Gauri Lankesh would have done that and we owe it to her to continue the fine tradition.”

In June this year, during a meeting organised by the Press Club of India in Delhi to protest the attack on a reporter for Caravan magazine who was attacked by a mob in the capital city and the climate of intolerance against the media being not only tolerated but even promoted by people in positions of power, the widely respected journalist Ravish Kumar said, “It is only the lapdog media which is safe in India today. Jump into and snuggle down in the lap [of authority] and nobody will dare say anything to you anywhere – lose yourself in the songs of devotion, strum the tanpura, like Narada did, and chant Narayan Narayan on the television screen.” He was, of course, referring to Lok Sabha speaker Sumitra Mahajan’s

advice to journalists to “be like Narada” and not to report unpleasant truths (‘apriyasatya’).

Considering recent events it seems prescient that he also said, “Now it is the turn of many of our comrades who are practicing alternative journalism, to be the target – those who are running small websites with a handful of journalists.

These are websites that boast maybe a lakh or two or five lakh hits. When all mainstream voices are muzzled, it is these websites which report incidents. Somebody somewhere shares the report and it reaches somebody somewhere else. These journalists too are going to be beaten senseless; people will target them. All this is happening systematically as part of the political gameplan, make no mistake.”

It is important to recognise that Gauri was able to do what she was doing over the past couple of decades – both professionally and as an activist – because she was running her own small newspaper, one where there was no proprietor breathing down her neck and dictating what she could and could not write and publish. That is not to say it was an easy thing to do – in fact, it is now widely known that it was a huge struggle to keep it afloat and that both she and the publication were in dire financial straits.

It is obviously a difficult trade-off – editorial independence versus financial security.

One of the lessons we ought to learn from her experience as an editor and publisher is that it is extremely important – for the sake of freedom of expression – to

ensure the financial viability of small publications and websites that are trying to keep the flag of independent journalism flying under extremely difficult circumstances. If we value the role of the Fourth Estate in a democracy we need to actively support such flagbearers, almost all of which are at present valiantly striving to survive against all odds in their efforts to practice and promote independent journalism.

Of course, even “small” publications (i.e., noncorporate media) are occasionally forced to succumb to external pressure. The exact reasons for the upheavals at the hugely respected scholarly journal, the Economic and Political Weekly, earlier this year are still being debated but it is an indisputable fact that the journal had received a letter from lawyers representing Adani Power Ltd. demanding that an investigative article involving the company, which they viewed as defamatory and harmful to their client’s reputation, be removed, deleted and unconditionally retracted. The letter also objected to the publication of an earlier article which, too, scrutinised the Adani group but did not specifically ask for it to be re-

moved. In this case, just a letter, not even a strategic lawsuit against public participation (commonly known as SLAPP), was evidently enough to persuade the concerned decision-makers to back off.

It is ironic that the editor who lost his job in the process had in 2016 co-authored a book titled “Sue HIvtSm_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ 2017

21

the Messenger: How legal harassment by corporates is shackling reportage and undermining democracy in India.” Of course, he himself was targeted by a SLAPP for an earlier book, “Gas Wars: Crony Capitalism and the Ambanis.”

And he is not the only editor to have lost his job in recent years, following such lawsuits and/or other forms of external pressure. Some of the others were working for major media houses. And, of course, it is a fact that many others have survived by compromising journalistic principles – if at all they believed in them in the first place. There are, of course, honourable exceptions and we must be grateful for and to them. But it is an inescapable fact that the lakshman-rekha that once used to separate the editorial section of a media house from the management section has more or less disappeared, exceptions notwithstanding.

SLAPP is not the only form of legal pressure brought to bear on the media; defamation cases – including criminal defamation – constitute another risk.

Gauri had been convicted in one defamation case and had several others filed against her.

The unfortunate fact is that the more business-oriented and profitable the media enterprise the more likely it is to succumb to pressure. A report in a leading daily on the very real problems farmers in Rajasthan have with the government’s crop insurance scheme was promptly taken off the website, evidently under pressure. The reporter, who happened to be a woman, also received a threat via Whatsapp, ominously reminding her about the murder of Gauri Lankesh. And these are just a few instances that have Rabindranath Tagore 22

HIvtSm_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ 2017

come to the attention of at least some journalists. Many more go undetected even within the profession, not to mention the wider public.

Let me end by suggesting that the well-known poem by Rabindranath Tagore, “Where the mind is without fear…” could well serve as a prayer or anthem for the media in India today.

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

The writer is an independent journalist and author based in Bangalore.

Email: ammujo@gmail.com

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FÆØn¬ IpdhmsW ¶nepw h\nXm Im¿´qWn kv‰pIfpsS FÆhpw h¿≤n°p∂p≠v F∂Xv BizmkhpamWv. C¥y≥ Im¿´q¨ cwKØv c≠v kv{XoIfmWv Im¿´q¨ hcbn¬ {]ikvXcmbn cp∂Xv. ambm IΩØpw aRvPpfm ]Xva\m`\pw. ]s£ Ccphcpw C∂v Cu cwKØn√. apwss_bnP\n®p hf¿∂ ambm IΩØv I¿ÆmSIbnHIvtSm_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ 2017

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FØnbtXmsSbmWv 1985-¬ Cuh \nßv sldmƒUneqsS cmjv{Sob Im¿´qWpIƒ hc®v Cu cwKØv {]ikvXbmbn. ]n∂oSv Ah¿ C¥y≥ FIvkv{] v, Gjy≥ GPv, ssSwkv Hm^v C¥y XpSßnb ]{XßfnIm¿´qWpIƒ hc®p. ambm IΩØv cm{„ob Im¿´qWpIfnemWv {i≤ sNepØnbXv. ambbpsS Im¿´qWpIƒ am[ya XmfpIfn¬ Znhtk\ h∂p sIm≠ncp∂t∏mƒ Nncn∏n°p∂ ambsb am[yacwKw A¤pXtØmSp IqSnbmWv t\m°n°≠Xv. ssZ\wZn\ cm{„obw amb Xs‚ aq¿®tbdnb hcIfneqsS s]mXpP\ a[yØnFØn®t∏mƒ sXs√m∂pa√ `cW{]Xn]£ßsf hnb¿∏n®Xv. 2001¬ Ah¿ Im¿´q¨ cwKØv \ndkm∂n[yambncns° A¥cn®p.

Xte»cn kztZin aRvPpfm ]Xva\m`≥ cmjv{Sob Im¿´qWpIf√, adn®v kmaqly Im¿´qWpIfmWv hc®ncp ∂Xv. k¨tU H_vk¿hdn¬ Ah¿ hc® kpIn F∂ Im¿´q¨ kv{Sn∏v hfsc {]ikvXambncp∂p. Zn ]b\o¿ ]{XØnepw AhcpsS Im¿´qWpIƒ {]kn≤oIcn®n´p≠v. Ip´nIfpsS ]pkvXIßfpw, \mSIßfpw FgpXn kmlnXycwKØp≈ Ah¿ Im¿´q¨ cwKØv Ct∏mgn√.

Hcn°¬ ambm IΩØnt\mSv h\nXIƒ Im¿´q¨ cwKØv hcmØ sX¥msW∂v tNmZn®t∏mƒ \¬Inb adp]Sn {it≤bamWv. F√m Im¿´q Wnkv‰nepw teiw t{Im[w AYhm Aa¿jw IpSnsIm≈p∂p≠v. \ap°p Np‰pw \S°p∂ kwKXnItfmSv Im¿´qWneqsS {]XnIcn°ptºmƒ Cu Aa¿jhpw AXn¬ {]Xn^en°pw.

Cßs\ t{Im[w {]ISn∏n°p∂ Imcy Øn¬ kv{XoIƒ s]mXpsh hnapJ cmWv. £amioecmb IpSpw_n\n Ifmbn HXpßn Ignbphm\mWv Ah¿°v XmXv]cyw. kv{XoIƒ Im¿´q¨ cwKØv IqSpXembn IS∂v hcmØXns‚ ImcWw CXmbncn°m sa∂mWv ambm IΩØv hnizkn®Xv. ]©m_n¬ Z¬PnØv Iu¿ F∂ h\nXm Im¿´qWnkv‰v AhnSpsØ am[yaßfn¬ Ign™ F´v h¿jambn 26

HIvtSm_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ 2017

{it≤b km\n[yamWv. Ign™ ]©m_v Xncs™ Sp∏n¬ lnμpÿm≥ ssSwkn\p th≠n Ah¿ hc® Iu¿´q¨ F∂ cmjv{Sob Im¿´q¨ ]wIvXn IqSp X¬ {i≤t\Sn. Ct∏mƒ lnμpÿm≥ ssSwkns‚ ]©m_v FUnj\n¬ hnjz¬Unssk\dmbn tPmen t\m°p∂ AhcpsS Im¿´qWpIƒ F∂pw ]{X XmfpIfnep≠v. temI Im¿´q¨cwKØpw h\nXIfpsS {]mXn\n[yw IpdhmWv. F∂m¬ Xs∂bpw ]pcpj Im¿´qWnÃpItfmsSm∏w i‡amb hcIfneqsS Atacn°bnse B≥ sS¬\kv F∂ h\nXm Im¿´qWnÃv ap∂n´p \n¬°p∂p. ln¬Um sSdn, eodn _m¿t¢, A≥sS¬\kv, Ham\m {^m≥tUm¨, en√n do\n, {Sn\m t{Sm_n≥kv, anan t]m≠v, ImXdn≥, Sm\nbm sU¬ dot\m, anJmboem doUv XpSßnb h\nXIƒ Im¿´qWpIƒ {]kn≤oIcn®v s]¨ IcpØv ImWn®v temI Im¿´qWn¬ h\nXm km∂n≤yw tcJs∏SpØnb {]apJcmWv. \ΩpsS Ab¬cmPyamb ]m°nÿm\n¬ Htc Hcp h\nX bmb \nK¿ \mkdmWv Im¿´q¨ cwKØp≈Xv. Im¿´qWnkv‰v \nK¿ \mk¿ Im¿´q¨ cwKØv {]ikvXbmb h\nXIfn¬ {][m\nbmWv. AhcpsS tKmKn F∂ t]cnep≈ Im¿´qWpIƒ kmaqlnI hnjb߃ ssIImcyw sNøp∂p. tKmKn ]m°n ÿm\n¬ Gsd {]ikvXamWv. 1995 tZiob bphPt\m’hØn¬ Im¿´qWna’cn°m≥ tIm´bw almflmKm‘n k¿ΔIem ime kwLØn¬ teJI\pw D≠mbncp∂p. A∂v tIcf k¿ΔIemimebn¬ \n∂v \mSIkwLw am{XamWv D≠mbncp∂Xv. Imen°‰v k¿ΔIem imebn¬ \n∂pw ss^≥ B¿´vkv hn`mKØna’cn°m≥ aq∂pt]¿ D≠mbncp∂p. Im¿´qWnepw s]bn‚nßnepw t¢ tamUenwMnepw sImfmjnepw Ah¿ kPohambn ]s¶SpØp. A∂v Imen°‰v k¿ΔIemimebn¬ \n∂v c≠pt]cmWv Im¿´q Wn¬ a’cn°m≥ FØnbXv. Xriq¿ tem tImtf Pnse ssj\ sImS∏p≈nbpw tImgnt°mSv Kpcphm bqc∏≥ tImtfPnse sU\nemepw. Imen°‰v k¿ΔIemimebn¬ \ns∂Ønb aq∂masØ AwKw Nn{XIe \∂mbn ]Tn® IhnXm _me IrjvW≥ Bbncp∂p. ssj\ anI® coXnbnIm¿´qWpIƒ hcbv°pambncp∂p. Ah¿ hc® \nch[n Im¿´qWpIƒ A¤pXtØmSpIqSnbmWv A∂v R߃ t\m°n°≠Xv. Ipd®p\mƒ Im¿´q¨ cwKØv kPohambn \ns∂¶nepw ]n∂oSv ssj\ cwKw hnSpIbmbncp∂p. C∂v Ah¿ Cu cwKØv D≠mbncps∂¶n¬ h\nXm Im¿´qWnÃpIfpsS CSbn¬ am\yamb ÿm\w Hcp]t£ t\Sntbs\. sU\nem¬ Ct∏mgpw Im¿´q¨cwKØv XpScp∂p.

IhnX _meIrjvW≥ Nn{XcN\bnepw kmlnXy

Ønepw kPohw Xs∂. IhnXm _meIyjvW\pw, Ipd®v Imew Im¿´q¨ cwKØv D≠mbncp∂ kvanXm tkma\mY≥ (Im¿´qWnkv‰v Pn tkma\mYs‚ aIƒ) F∂nh¿ Im¿´q¨ cwKw Dt]£n® a´mWv. Im¿´q¨ cwKØv hcnIbpw ]n∂oSv Cu cwKw Dt]£n°pIbpw sNbvX Ht´sd h\nXm Im¿´q Wnkv‰pIƒ tIcfØn¬ Xs∂ Ds≠¶nepw Ct∏mgpw Cu cwKØv h\nXIƒ kPohambn XpScp∂p≠v. camtZhn, cN\m hnPnØv, sFjm lko≥, an\n hn F v, km¬hnbm cmPv F∂nh¿ Im¿´qWpIƒ hc®v tIcfØn¬ Ct∏mƒ h\nXm km∂n[yw Dd∏v hcpØp∂p≠v. Chcn¬ cN\bpw, sFjbpw cmjv{Sob Im¿´qWpIƒ hcbv°p∂p. kv{XoIƒ°v kzmX{¥yan√ F∂v ]dbs∏Sp∂ Imivaocnse c≠v ]{Xßfn¬ Im¿´q¨ hcbv°p∂Xv kv{XoIfmWv. Imivao¿ ssSwknse jpKp^vXm JmenZobpw, d^nbm dkqepw Imivao¿ ]{Xßfn¬ Im¿´qWpIƒ hcbv°p∂ h\nXIfmWv. 2016, 2017se kwÿm\ kv°qƒ bphPt\mXv khØn¬ Xncph\¥]pcw tlmfn G©¬ kv°qƒ hnZym¿Yn\n tkd adnbw _n∂nbmWv Im¿´qWnH∂mw ÿm\w t\SnbXv. AtX h¿jw almflm Km‘n k¿ΔIemime bphPt\m’hØnIm¿´q¨ cN\bn¬ H∂mw ÿm\w t\SnbXv FdWmIpfw tem tImtfPv hnZym¿∞n\n kqcy adnb Ipcy\mWv. Im¿´q¨ cN\bntebv°v s]¨Ip´nIƒ h∂v anIhv Im´p∂p F∂Xns‚ Nq≠v ]eIbmbn Cu c≠v hnPbhpw ImtW≠nbncn°p∂p. kvIqƒ˛tImtfPv a’cthZnIfn¬ Ft∏mgpw Im¿´qWn\v s]¨Ip´nIsf ImWmsa¶nepw tijw Ah¿ A{]Xy£cmIp∂p F∂Xv A\p`hamWv F∂v IqSn kqNn∏nt°≠Xp≠v. Im¿´qWneqsS hna¿i\ ic߃ sXmSpØphnSm\p≈ hnapJX Xs∂ bmhpw Ah¿ Cu cwKtØ°v IS∂phcm≥ aSn°p∂Xns‚ {][m\ImcWw. Ifnbm°m≥, hna¿in°m≥, tNmZyw sNøm≥ s]¨Ip´nIƒ B¨Ip´nItf°mƒ anSp°cmWv. Ah¿ B anSp°v sNdnb sNdnb thZnIfn¬ am{Xambn HXp°p∂p.

AhnsSbmWv Im¿´q¨ taJe ]cmPbs]Sp∂Xv. Im¿´q¨ cwKØv hcm≥ aSn°p∂ kv{XoIƒ Nn{XcN\bn¬ Bthi]q¿Δw CSwIs≠Øp∂Xv ImWmhp∂XmWv. Im¿´q¨ Nn{XcN\m \n¿ΩmWcwKØpw Im¿´q¨ B\ntaj≥ \n¿ΩmWcwKØpw s]¨Ip´nIƒ Ct∏mƒ IS∂phcp∂p≠v F∂Xv {]Xo£bv°v hI\¬Ip∂p.kzX{¥amb Im¿´q¨ Ahcn\n∂pw D≠mtI≠nbncn°p∂p. C¥ybnemsI HIvtSm_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ 2017

27

CØcØn¬ ap∏Xntesd s]¨Ip´nIƒ B\ntaj≥ cwKØp≠v. C√kvt{Sj≥ cwKØpw s]¨Ip´nIƒ [mcmfambn hcp∂p≠v. ]t£ Ah¿ kzX{¥amb Im¿´q¨ hcbv°m≥ Ct∏mgpw aSnImWn°p∂p. sXmÆqdpIfpsS BZyw tIcf Im¿´q¨ A°mZan ]pdØnd°nb "lp Cukv lp tIcf Im¿´qWnÃv' F∂ ]pkvXIØns‚ XmfpIfnc≠v h\nXm Im¿´qWnÃpIsf°pdn®p≈ hnhc ߃ \ap°p ImWmw. kvanXbpw camtZhnbpw. ]s£ C∂v tIcf Im¿´q¨ A°mZanbn¬ h\nXm AwK߃ \memWv. Im¿´q¨ cwKØv \n¬°p∂ aebmfnIfmb h\nXIfpsS FÆw ]ØntesdbmWv. Im¿´q¨ A\ntaj≥ cwKØv

\qdntesd aebmfn s]¨Ip´nIƒ {]h¿Øn°p∂p. {]ikvX Ne®n{X kwhn[mbnIbmb ]aoe {_nIvkv "^Æn teUokv ˛ F t]mss{S‰v Hm^v hpa¨ Im¿´qWnÃv' F∂ t]cn¬ \n¿Ωn® Nn{Xw ASpØ ImeØv Gsd {]iwk ]nSn®p ]‰pIbp≠mbn. Im¿´qWnÃpIfpsS CSbnam\yamb ÿm\w t\Snb \mev h\nXm Im¿´qWn ÃpIfmWv tI{μ IYm]m{X߃. cmjv{SobØns‚ KXnhn[nIƒ \nb{¥n°m≥ iIvXcmb Im¿´qWn ÃpIsfbmWv Nn{XØn¬ kwhn[mbnI AhXcn ∏n°p∂Xv. CØcØn¬ iIvXcmb h\nXm Im¿´qWnÃpIƒ \ΩpsS `mcXØnepw D≠mIp sa∂v {]Xo£n°mw. Im¿´qWnse hfInep°w \ap°pw e`yamhpsa∂v {]Xymin°mw.

\¿aØns‚ ]pXnb `mj krjvSn® h\nX Im¿´qWnkv‰pIƒ ambm IΩØv ( 1951-- ˛ 2001) {]ikvXbmb C¥y≥ h\nXm Im¿´qWnÃv. apwss_bn¬ P\n®p.

U¬lnbn¬ ]T\w. hnhml tijw _mw•qcn¬ FØnb Ah¿ 1985 apX¬ cm„ob Im¿´qWpIƒ hc®p XpSßn. sU°m≥ sldmƒUv, C¥y≥ FIvkv{] v, ssSwkv Hm^v C¥ym, Gjy≥ GPv F∂o ]{Xßfn¬ Im¿´qWpIƒ hc®ncp∂p.

aRvPpfm ]fl\m`≥ P≥aw sIm≠v aebmfn. hSt° C¥ybnemWv ]Tn®Xpw, hf¿∂Xpw. lm¿shÃv F∂ \mSI cN\bv°v {]ikvXamb Hbmknkv Ahm¿Uv e`n®p.

Ip´nIfpsS ]pkvXI cN\bnepw Nn{XoIcWØnepw {]ikvX. aRvPpfbpsS kpJn F∂ Im¿´q¨ kv{Sn∏v {]ikvXamWv.

Z¬PoØv Iu¿ ]©m_v k¿Δ Iemimebn¬ \n∂v ss^≥ B¿´vknamkv‰¿ Un{Knbp≈ Z¬PnØv Iu¿ lnμpÿm≥ ssSwkv AS°w Ht´sd ]{Xßfn¬ Im¿´qWpIƒ hcbv°p∂ Z¬PnØv lnμpÿm≥ ssSwknse Adnbs∏Sp∂ {Km^n°v Unssk\dmWv.

28 28

HIv HIvttSm_¿ Sm_¿ ˛˛ \hw\hw-_ _¿¿ 2017 2017

cN\ hnPnØv Gjyms\‰n¬ AS°w hnhn[ ÿm]\ ßfn¬ Unssk\dmbpw, A\nta‰dmbpw Im¿´q Wnkv‰mbpw tPmen sNbvXp. Unssk\dmb `¿Ømhv hnPnØpambn tN¿∂v Ct∏mƒ Xncph\¥]pcØv kz¥w Unssk\nßv ÿm ]\w \SØp∂p. Xncph\¥]pcw kztZin\n. tIcf Im¿´q¨ A°mZan AwKw.

an\n hn Fkv Imcnt°®¿ Im¿´q¨ cN\bmWv tlm_n. Xmakw IpSpw_ ktaXw Im\U bn¬. sjm¿Æq¿ kztZin\n. tIcf Im¿´q¨ A°mZan AwKw.

camtZhn Ip´nIfpsS ]pkvXI߃°v Im¿´q¨ Nn{XoIcWw \¬Ip∂Xn¬ {it≤b. Im¿´q Wn\v tIcf efnXIem A°mZanbpsS HmWd_nƒ sa≥j≥ ]pckv°mcw e`n®n´p≠v. tIm´bw kztZin\n. tIcf Im¿´q¨ A°mZan AwKw.

sFjm lko≥ Nn{XIem A≤ym]I IpSpw_ktaXw Zp_mbn¬ Xmakw. kmaqly Im¿´qWpIƒ hcbv°mdp≠v. tImgnt°mSv kztZin\n. tIcf Im¿´q¨ A°mZan AwKw. HIv HIvttSm_¿ Sm_¿ ˛˛ \hw\hw-_ _¿¿ 2017 2017

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km¬hnb cmPvv

IÆq¿ kztZin\n. Imemhÿ hyXnbm\ sØ∏ddn tI{μ k¿°m¿ \SØnb tZiob Im¿´q¨ a’cØn¬ kΩm\m¿l. kv°qƒ Item’h thZnIfnemWv Nn{XIebn{it≤bbmbXv. ssakq¿ saUn°¬ tImtfPv hnZym¿∞n\n. Xet»cn kztZin\n. tkd adnbw _n∂n 2017¬ kwÿm\ kv°qƒ Item’h Øn¬ Im¿´qWn\v H∂mw ÿm\w t\Sn. Snhn kocnb¬ U∫nwKv B¿´nÃpw hntŒgvkv Nm\ense \yqkv doUdpamWv. kz¥ambn ]pkvXI߃ {]kn≤oIcn®n´p≠v.

Xncph\¥]pcw kztZin\n. tlmfn G©kv°qƒ hnZym¿Yn\n. _n∂n tPmk^ns‚bpw dmWnbpsSbpw aIƒ.

kqcy adnb Ipcy≥ 2017¬ almflm Km‘n k¿ΔIemime bphPt\m’hw Im¿´q¨ cN\bn¬ H∂mw ÿm\w t\Sn. FdWmIpfw tem tImtfPv hnZym¿∞n\n. FdWmIpfw tImet©cn kztZin\n ]nXmhv Ipcy≥ amXyp, amXmhv _nPn.

.......................................................................................................................................................................................

{]apJ Im¿´q-WnÃpw tIcf Im¿´q¨ A°m-Zan sk{I-´-dnbp-amWv teJ-I≥.

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HIvttSm_¿ Sm_¿ ˛˛ \hw\hw-_ _¿¿ 2017 2017 HIv

F

s¥√mw `ojWnIfp≠mbmepw `cWIqSØns‚ \n wKX bvs°Xntc C\nbpw {]XnIcn°psa∂v Im¿´qWnkv‰v Pn. _me. `bs∏SpØn \n»_vZam°m\mIns√∂pw At±lw Iq´nt®¿Øp.

Xncp\¬thenbn¬ \mewK IpSpw_w BXvalXy sNbvX kw`hØn¬ apJya{¥nsbbpw IfIvSsdbpw t]meokns\bpw hna¿in®v Im¿´q¨ hc®Xn\v _mesb t]meokv Adkv‰v sNbvXncp∂p. tZiob am[ya Zn\mNmcWØns‚ `mKambn tIcf aoUnb A°mZanbpw FdWmIpfw {]kv ¢∫pw ]n.-B¿.-Un.bpw tN¿∂v kwLSn∏n® hcbpw hm°pw hneßpw ˛ am[ya skan\m dn¬ {]kwKn°pIbmbncp∂p At±lw. h´n∏eni°mcpsS `ojWn aqew \mewK IpSpw_w XosImfpØn BXvalXy sNbvX kw`hw Fs∂ BgØnthZ\n∏n®p. s]m≈te‰p acn® Ip™n\v Fs‚ aIs‚ {]mbta bp≈q. c≠p Znhkw Ddßm\mbn√. XpS¿∂mWv s]m≈te‰v ]nSbp∂ Ip´n°v ap≥]n¬ apJya{¥nbpw Pn√mIfIvSdpw IΩojWdpw t\m´ps°´p sIm≠v \Kv\X adbv°p∂ Im¿´q¨ hc®Xv. B IpSpw_Øns‚ BXvalXy Xangv\m´nse P\ßsf Gsd thZ\n∏n® H∂mWv. Im¿´q¨ {]kn≤oIcn®Xn\v Hcp Ip‰hmfn F∂t]msebmWv t]meokv Fs∂ ]nSn®psIm≠p

tIcf aoUnb A°mZanbpw Fd-Wm-Ipfw {]kv¢∫pw ]n.-B¿.-Un.bpw tN¿∂v kwL-Sn-∏n® skan-\m-dn¬ Im¿´q-WnÃv Pn. _me kwkm-cn-°p∂p

t]mbXv. `bs∏SpØn \n»_vZcm°pIsb∂ am¿KamWv A[n ImcnIƒ ]n¥pScp∂Xv. `cWIqSØns\Xnsc {]XnIcn°p∂ F√mh¿°pw t\cntS≠nhcp∂ AhkvYbmWnXv. ]Ww sImSpØv ]escbpw Ah¿°v hnebv°v hmßm\mIpw. kmaqlnI am[yaßfneqsS F√mw C∂v P\߃°p ap∂nseØp∂p≠v.

kmaqlnI am[yaßfpsS hmbS bv°m\mIn√. Xangv\m´nse Im¿´q Wnkv‰pIfn¬ \n∂v e`n®Xns\°mƒ Gsd ]n¥pW tIcfØn¬ \n∂v e`ns®∂pw _me ]d™p. am[yaßfpw PpUojydnbpw ]ckv]chncp≤amb√ {]h¿Øn t°≠sX∂v skan\m¿ DZvLmS\w sNbvX dn´ Pkv‰nkv kndnbIv tPmk^v ]d™p. P\m[n]Xy kwc£WØn¬ CcpIq´¿°pw Xpey]¶mWp≈Xv. P\m[n]Xy Øn¬ A`n{]mb{]IS\kzmX{¥y Øns\m∏w hna¿i\kzmX{¥yhpw Dd∏mt°≠Xps≠∂v At±lw ]d™p. kzX{¥am[ya {]h¿Ø\w \SØp∂h¿°p kwc£Ww \tI≠ {]kvYm\߃ t]mepw AXn¬ ]cmPbs∏Sp∂ kmlNcy amWv C∂p≈sX∂v tUm. sk_m kv‰y≥ t]mƒ ]d™p. cmPyØv tZiob am[ya Zn\w BNcn°p∂Xv Cu ]›mØeØnemWv. {]kv Iu¨kn¬ Hm^v C¥ybpsS P\vaZn\w am[ya Zn\ambn BNcn°p∂ \mw A[nIw sshImsX {]kv Iu¨knens‚ Nca Zn\hpw BNcnt°≠nhcpw. am[ya{]h¿Ø\w `ojWn t\cn´ HchkcØnepw {]XnIcn°m\pw CSs]Sm\pw {]kv Iu¨knXømdmbn´ns√∂pw At±lw Btcm]n®p. aoUnb A°mZan sNb¿am≥ B¿. Fkv. _m_p A≤y£X hln®p. FdWmIpfw {]kv¢∫v {]knU‚ v Un. Zneo]v, aoUnb A°m Zan sk{I´dn sI. Pn. kt¥mjv, {]kv¢∫v sk{I´dn kpKX≥ ]n. _me≥, Im¿´qWnkv‰v DÆnIrjvW≥ F∂nh¿ {]kwKn®p.

HIvttSm_¿ Sm_¿ ˛˛ \hw\hw-_ _¿¿ 2017 2017 HIv

3131

C¥ybpsS P\m[n]XyØnA®Snam[ya߃ hcpØnb am‰ßsf Ipdn®p≈ ka{Kamb ]T\amb tdm_n≥ sP{^nbpsS C¥ybnse ]{Xhnπhw, apXemfnØw, cmjv{Sobw, `mcXob `mjm]{X߃ F∂ {K\vYØn\ns∂SpØ h\nXm ]{X{]h¿ØIsc°pdn®p≈ teJ\w h\nXIƒ Cu cwKØv t\cnSp∂ _p≤nap´pIsf IrXyambn hniIe\w sNøpIbmWv At±lw.

1968˛¬ aebmf at\mca ]p¬∏≈n B{IaWØns‚ IhtdPpsIm≠v hmb\°msc IogS°nbt∏mƒ sNdp∏°mcnbmb APnX F∂ \Ivksse‰ns‚ km∂n[yw IYbv°v BI¿jIXzw Iq´n. ap∏Xph¿j߃°ptijw APnX Ct∏mgpw B ]{XØns‚ XmfpIfn{]Xy£s∏Sp∂p≠v, sNdp∏ImesØ A{Xbpw {]mapJytØmsS As√¶nepw.

AhcpsS km∂n[yw `mcXob `mjm]{Xßfnh\nXIƒ°p≈ ÿm\sØ°pdn®v c≠v Imcy߃ sXfnbn°p∂p: H∂v, Zzmc]meI¿ X߃ AwKoIcn°p∂ hm¿ØmIYIƒ°v hmXn¬ Xpd °p∂p. Ah¿°nSbn¬ \nßfpsS BfpIƒ Cs√¶ntdm_n≥ hmXn¬ A{X hnimeambn Xpd°s∏Sn√, Nnet∏mƒ s_∂¿am≥ sP{^n Xpd°s∏SpItb C√. c≠maXmbn, Cw•ojv ]{Xßfpw `mcXob `mjm]{Xßfpw tkhn°p∂Xv htcWy h¿KsØØs∂bmWv˛hmbn°m\pw hmßm\pw Ignhp≈hsc; ]t£, CcpIq´cpw tkhn°p∂ htcWyh¿K°m¿ hyXykvXcmWv. `mcXob `mjm]{X߃ IqSpXbmYmÿnXnIhpw ]mcºcy_≤hpamb Hcp hmb\mhrμtØmSv IqSpXkmao]yap≈hcmWv. AXn\m¬ Ah {]XntemaIcamb ImgvN∏mSpIƒ°v IqSpXhnt[bcmWv. AΩp tPmk^pw I¬∏\m i¿abpw ]dbp∂p: 1999˛¬ APnX hS°≥ tIcfØn¬ cmjv{Sob°mcpw DtZymKÿcpw tN¿∂v kv{XoIƒ°p t\sc \SØp∂ sseKnwI NqjWsØ°pdn®p≈ Btcm]Ww At\zjn°Ww F∂mhiys∏´psIm≠v kacw sNbvX {]ÿm\Øns‚ t\Xmhm bncp∂p. At\zjWØn\v DØchnSpw hsc Xm≥ \ncmlmcancn°pw F∂h¿ kwÿm \Øns‚ Xeÿm\\Kcnbn¬ Hcp s]mXptbmKØn¬ h®v {]Jym]n®p. AXv ]{Xß fpsS H∂mw t]Pn¬ h∂p. Cw•ojv ]{Xamb \yq C¥y≥ FIvkv{]kv kwÿm\ 32tSm_¿ HIvtSm_¿ _¿ 2017 32 HIv ˛ \hw-˛_\hw¿ 2017

hm¿Ømt]Pn¬ \mev tImfw Xes°´n¬ HºXv JWvUnIbmWv sImSpØXv: Sex cases : Agitha to go on indefinite fast (ssewKnI NqjWt°kpIƒ: APnX A\nivNnXIme \ncmlmcØnte°v).

FXn¿t]Pn¬ I¿°i`mhtØmsS \n¬°p∂ APnXbptSXS°w apJy{]mkwKnIcpsS Hcp Nn{Xhpw. apJsØ I¿°i `mhhpw ÿqeXbpw tN¿∂v 1968˛se XShpImcnbmb APnXbpsS Nn{X Øn¬ \n∂v {]ISambpw hyXykvXambncp∂p, Cu Nn{Xw. AtXkabw aebmf at\mcabpsS Xncp h\¥]pcw FUnj\n¬ hm¿Ø h∂Xv Ggmw t]Pn¬ Hscm‰ tImfw dnt∏m¿´mbn´mWv. APnX \ncmlmckXym{Klw XpSßpw. Ign™p. at\mca bpsS Hcp apXn¿∂ FUn‰¿ hniZoIcn®p: APnX hS°≥ tIcfØn¬ Hcp {][m\ hy‡nbmWv. Ct∏mgh¿ Fkv‰mªnjvsa‚ns‚ `mKamWv. Xs∂ bpa√, CsXmcp ssewKnIm]hmZw am{Xw, kmaqly {]h¿Ø\sam∂pw A√. Hcp henb kvt‰mdntb A√, {]tXyIn®v sX°≥ tIcfØn¬. aebmf at\mcabnse FUnt‰mdnbkv‰m^n¬ `qcn`mKhpw ]pcpj≥amcmWv. Ah¿°v {]iv\sØ°pdnt®m AXn¬ Dƒs∏´n´p≈ kv{Xo Isf°pdnt®m h√ klXm]hpw D≠mbncpt∂m F∂v kwibamWv. ]{X{]h¿ØI¿°nSbns^an\nkv‰pIsf°pdn®p≈ [mcW Ah¿ Ie]ne Iq´p∂, hc´v XXzhmZnIfmb, ]mivNmXyat\m

klmbn°pIbpw a‰pan√. aebmf at\mcabpsS FUn‰¿am¿ XßfpsS hmb\°m¿°v APnXbnepw ssewKnI NqjWtIkpIfnepw \yq C¥y≥ FIvkv{]kv hmb\°mtcmfw Xm¬∏cyap≠mIn√ F∂ßv Dd∏n®p. \yqC¥y≥ FIvkv{]kv Hcp Cw•ojv ]{XamWv, AXns‚ hmb\°m¿ Ipsd °qSn tImkvtams]mfn‰≥ at\m`mhap≈hcmWv F∂mWv A¥¿eo\amb hnh£. 1968˛emIs´, ]p¬∏≈n B{IaWØn¬ APnXbpsS km∂n[yw aebmf at\mcabpsS hmb\°msc, cmjv{Sobhpw A{Iahpw \nd™p \n¬°p∂ IYbnse ssewKnI am\sØ°pdn®v ]dbmsX ]dbp∂XpsIm≠v C°n fns∏SpØn.

1900˛Ifn¬ `mcXob ]{Xßfn¬ samØw sXmgn¬ tk\bpsS 8% am{Xta h\nXIfp≠mbncp ∂p≈q. Ah¿ Xs∂, XpS¿®bmbn, bmYmÿnXn IXzhpw enwKhnthN\hpw \nd™ s]cpam‰Øn\v AhcpsS sXmgn¬cwKØv CcIfmbncp∂p; {]tXy In®pw sNdp]´Wßfnep≈ {]kn≤oIcW tI{μ ßfn¬. ]©m_v tIkcnbn¬ 1993˛¬ F¥psIm≠v FUnt‰mdnb¬ hn`mKØn¬ Hscm‰ h\nX t]mepw D≠mbncp∂n√ F∂ tNmZyØn\v hnPbv tNm{] \¬Inb DØcw s]mXpat\m`mhØns‚ kqN\ bmWv: kv{XoIƒ hnhmlnXcmIpw, t]mIpw. Ahcp s≠¶n¬ {]hrØn kabØnepw Nne \o°pt]m°p Iƒ th≠n hcpw F∂Xpw Ah¿s°Xncmb Hcp

`mhap≈, `mcXØns‚ bmYm¿YyØn¬ thcpIfn √mØ, Xpd∂ a\ n√mØ, IpSpw_Øn\v FXn cmb, hnhml tamN\Øn\v A\pIqeamb Hcp Iq´amWv F∂mbncp∂p. hSs°bn¥ybnse Hcp ]{X{]h¿ØIbpsS hm°pIfmWnh. Cu at\m`m hap≈ Hcmƒ _KvZn°nbms‚ Zzmc]meI≥ ItØmen°tcmsS∂ t]mse Bbncn°pw C°mcy Øn¬ s]cpamdpI. Rm≥ Ahsc A{Xbv°ßv

hmZamWv. ]qsWbnse kImen¬ 1993˛¬ Bdv h\nXm]{X{]h¿ØIcp≠mbncp∂p. tPmen°m¿ °p≈ tSmbvse‰pIƒ, h\nXIƒ°p≈ tSmbvse‰p Iƒ F∂nh hyXykvXambn ASbmfs∏SpØn hbv°m≥ Cu h\nXm km∂n[yw amt\Pvsa‚ns\ \n¿_‘n®p. h\nXIƒ°v Hcp tSmbvse‰v am{Xw. _m°nbp≈hsb√mw tPmen°m¿°v (kImHIvtSm_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ 2017

33

B∏okn¬ AhnShnsS ]q®´nIfn¬ ]pjv]߃.

CsXmcp]t£ ÿm]I\v ]qt¥m´ßƒ henb CjvSambncp∂Xn\memImw).

Fs¥ms°bmbmepw, ZfnX¿°v Db¿Øm≥ IgnbmØ Hcp sh√phnfn kv{XoIƒ Db¿Øn F∂p

Xo¿®. kv{XoIƒ°v {Ibtijnbp≠v; AXpsIm≠v Ah¿ ]ckyZmXm°fpsS e£yßfmWv. XmcX tay\ Zcn{Zamb IpSpw_ßfn¬t]mepw `£Ww, tkm∏v, a‰v ho´pkm[\߃ F∂nhsbms° hmßp∂ ImcyØn¬ kv{XoIfmWt√m Xocpam\ saSp°pI. ho´pkm[\߃ ]ckyw sNøp∂h¿ hensbmcp ]¶v h\nXm hmb\°m¿ Ds≠∂v Dd∏p \¬Im≥ Ignbp∂ ]{XßsfbmWv ]cnKWn°pI. HcpImeØv sXep¶n¬ Cu\mSphns‚ apJy i{Xphmbncp∂ B{‘tPymXnbpsS FIvknIyq´o hpIƒ ]dbp∂Xv, 1980˛Iƒ apX¬ sXep¶ph\nX Iƒ BWv IqSpX¬ hmb\°mcmbXpw Xocpam\ saSp°p∂Xn¬ ap≥ssI FSpØXpw, h\nXIƒ 34

HIvtSm_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ 2017

GXp ]{XamWv XßfpsS IpSpw_ßfn¬ hmtß ≠Xv F∂p Xocpam\n°p∂Xn¬ Ct∏mƒ ap≥] tØ°mƒ ZriycmWv F∂mWv B ]{XØns‚ ]ckyw ]nSpØ°m¿ AhImis∏Sp∂Xv. hmb\°mcnIsf ]nSnIqSm\p≈ X{¥Øns‚ `mKambn B{‘tPymXn ]{XØns‚ apJy hn`mKØn¬Øs∂ t\mh]cºc Bcw`n®p. {]Nmcw h¿[n®p. ]t£ hmb\°mcnIfmtWm IqSnbXv? ]cºc \n¿Ønbt∏mƒ {]Nmcw CSn™p. ]{Xw DS≥Xs∂ AXp ho≠pw XpSßn. a‰nSßfn¬ hnP bn® X{¥amWv Cu\mSv CXn\v FXnsc ]b‰nbXv; BgvNbn¬ Ggp Znhkhpw {][m\ ]{XtØmsSm∏w Hcp h\nXmt]Pv. 1992˛emWv Cu ]cn]mSn XpSßnbXv. {]Nmcw XpS¿®bmbn h¿[n®p. ho´pkm[\ßfpw h\nXm D¬∏∂ßfpw \n¿an°p∂hcn\n∂p≈ ]ckyhcpam\w h¿[n®p F∂Xmbncp∂p Gsd {][m\w. `mcXob `mjm]{X߃ h\nXIfpsS ]¶ns\s®m√nbp≈ t]mcm´Øns‚ tI{μßfmbnØpScpIbmbncp∂p. ]{X߃°v hmb\°mcnIsf thWw, ]t£ ]{X{]h¿ØIamsc Ignbp ∂Xpw Hgnhm°Ww˛ Ahscmcp ieyamWv. sXmgn¬cwKØv 8% km∂n[yw F∂ IW°p Xs∂ icnbmtWm F∂v kwibamWv. `mcXob `mjm]{Xßsf kw_‘n ®nStØmfsa¶nepw. Cw•ojv {]kn≤o IcWßfntem AhbpsS `cWhn`m Kßfntem BWv h\nXIƒ IqSpXepw. ]{X{]h¿Ø\Øne√. `mcXob `mjm ]{X߃ IqSpXepw {]kn≤oIcn° s∏´ncp∂Xv XmcXtay\ sNdnb ]´W ßfn¬ \n∂mWt√m. AhnsS, DSa˛ hym]mcn˛cmjv{Sob°mc≥˛Ip‰hmfn A®pX≠v i‡ambncp∂p. AXpsIm≠v h\nXIƒ AhnsS ]WnsbSp°m≥ Ad®p˛CXpw Hcp hmZ amWv. BsI∏msS, `mcXob `mjm]{Xßfnh\nXmkm∂n[yw \t∂ Zp¿_eambncp∂p; Ipsds» Ipsdt»bmbn i‡ambn hcp∂p F∂p ≈Xv Xo¿®bmWv. 1990˛Ifn¬ Hcp ]T\Øn\p th≠n 30 h\nXm]{X {]h¿ØIcpambn A`napJ kw`mjWw \SØnbt∏mƒ AXn¬ Bdpt]¿ am{XamWv `mcXob `mjm{] pambn _‘s∏´n cp∂Xv F∂v a\ nembn. AXn¬Øs∂ aq∂p t]¿ am{Xsa ]{Xßfn¬ D≠mbncp∂p≈q.

Cu ]pkvXIw Xbmdm°p∂ Imea{Xbpw {i≤n®n´pw `mcXob `mjm]{XØn¬ tPmen

sNøp∂ Hscm‰ h\nXmdnt∏m¿´sd am{Xta Rm≥ I≠n´p≈q˛ cXv\tOm´v dmWn. hb v 20. lnμp. sslZc_mZnse ap…ow DSaÿXbnep≈ DdpZp ]{Xamb knbmkØnemWv tPmen. _o‰v: hym]mcw, imkv{Xw. AhcpsS tbmKyXIƒ Bscbpw BI¿ jn°pw; Hmkvam\nb k¿hIemimebn¬ \n∂v ]{X{]h¿Ø\Øn¬ _ncpZw, aZncmin k¿hIem imebn¬ \n∂v _nkn\ v AUvan\nkvt{Sj\n_ncpZm\¥c_ncpZw, {]kv {Skv‰v Hm^v C¥ybn]{X{]h¿Ø\Øn¬ A{]‚okvjn∏v. ]n.Sn.sF. °meØp Xs∂ Ah¿ knbmkØn¬ FgpXnbn cp∂p. AXns‚ FUn‰¿ Ah¿°v tPmen Hm^¿ sNbvXp. Cu B∏okn¬ \n∂v F\n°v henb t{]mXvkml\w e`n°p∂p. ChnsS Hcp (henb) IpSpw_m¥co£amWv Ah¿ ]d™p. Ah¿°v DdpZp Adnbn√. AXn\m¬ Ah¿ Cw•ojnFgpXn. AXv \yqkv sUkvInep≈h¿ DdpZphn te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXp. Ah¿ hnh¿Ø\ Øn¬ Hscm‰ ]nghpt]mepw CXphsc hcpØnbn ´n√. AhcpsS hnh¿Ø\w DdpZp hmbn°m\mdn bp∂ A—≥ hmbn®pXcpw. knbmkØv Hcp h\nXm dnt∏m¿´¿°v hfsc \√ kmlNcyamWv Hcp°n s°mSpØXv. 10˛12 k_v˛FUn‰¿amcpw dnt∏m¿´¿ amcpw arZp`mjnbmb DSa˛]{Xm[n]¿˛F√mhcpw tOm´vdmWnsb klmbn°pIbpw AhcpsS Imcy ßfn¬ Xm¬∏cysaSp°pIbpw sNbvXp. Rms\mcn °epw ]{X{]h¿Ø\w hnSn√ Ah¿ ]d™p.

X\n°v Xm¬∏cyap≈ kvt‰mdnIƒ Ih¿ sNøm \p≈ kzmX{¥yw ]{Xw \¬Ip∂p≠v F∂h¿ hniZoIcn®p. FUn‰¿am¿°pw kl{]h¿ØI ¿°pw AhcpsS {]h¿Ø\w hfsc Xr]vXnIcambn cp∂p F∂mWv a\ nemt°≠Xv. Ah¿ tOm´v dmWnbpsS km∂n[yØn\v {]tXyIw aqeyw I¬∏n ®ncp∂p˛AhcpsS aItfm s]ßtfm IqsS tPmen sNøpwt]mse. `mcXob `mjm]{Xßfn¬ Rm≥ I≠ as‰√m h\nXIfpw \nbXamb {]hrØn kabap≈ sUkvIv tPmenbntem apXn¿∂ amt\Pvsa‚ v Xkv XnIIfntem Bbncp∂p. hnPbhmUbn¬ Cu\mSp hns‚ {]Imiw Pn√m]{XØns‚ No^v k_v˛FUn ‰dmbncp∂p, Fw. eoe. hnPbhmU°mcnbmWv. F´p h¿jw apºmWv tImfPv ]q¿Ønbm°n t\sc ]{X{]h¿Ø\Ønte°v h∂Xv. ChnsS Ipd®[nIw h\nXIfp≠v Ah¿ ]d™p. Ign™ F´p˛]Øp sIm√ßfmbn Ahÿ amdnbn´p≠v. IqSpXh\nXIƒ Cu cwKtØ°v h∂n´p≠v. ]t£, an° hcpw k_v˛FUn-‰¿amcmWv. dnt∏m¿´¿am¿ Ipd hmWv. Cu\mSphns‚ hnPbhmU amt\P¿ eoe bpsS \nco£Ww icnh®p: h\nXm teJI¿ C√; kabw t\m°msX, {]tXyIn®pw Ccp´n°gn™m¬, ]WnsbSp°m≥ Ah¿°v _p≤nap´mWv. 1999˛¬

Xangnse G‰hpw henb Zn\]{Xamb Zn\X¥nbnHscm‰ ]{X{]h¿ØIbpw D≠mbncp∂n√. `mcXØnse ]e ]{Xßfpw IcpXnbncp∂Xv ^nIvj\pw arZpIYIfpw BWv h\nXIfpsS aWv Uew F∂mWv. Hcp h\nXm sXmgn¬ i{Xphns\°p dn®v Hcp Xangv FUn‰¿ ]d™p: Ah¿ Ie, kwkv Imcw XpSßn Nne arZpIYIsfms° dnt∏m¿´v sNøp∂p. tIcfØn¬ amXr`qanbpsS Debp∂ BgvN]Xn∏ns‚ FUn‰¿ e£yanSp∂ hmb\°m¿ (aXvkcn°p∂ c≠v hmcnIIfpsS) ho´Ωamcpw sXmgnseSp°p∂ kv{XoIfpw BsW∂v Nq≠n°m Wn°p∂p. at\mcabpw awKfhpamWv ]cma¿in °s∏´ c≠v i{XphmcnIIƒ. c≠n\pw IqSn 1996˛20 e£w tIm∏nIƒ {]Nmcap≠mbncp∂p. ]Xn\©v Bƒ°v Hcp hmcnI F∂ tXmXv kqNn∏n°p∂Xv ]pcpj≥amcpw ]tcm£hmb\°mcmWv F∂m Wt√m. {ItaWbm-sW-¶nepw h\nXIƒ ]{Xßfn{][m\ ]ZhnIfn¬ FØnØpSßnbn´p≠v.

I®hSkΩ¿Zw(]ckyw In´Ww F∂ Xm¬∏cyw) ]{Xßsf ]pXnb hmb\°msc tXSm≥ t{]cn∏n® XmWv CXn\v ImcWambn. Nq≠n°mWn°s∏Sp ∂Xv kzmXncmsP kImen¬ {KmssPz‰v s{Sbn\n Isf £Wn°p∂ ]ckyw I≠p sN∂p. AhcpsS AΩ Xs∂ tIkcn F∂ admTn ]{XØn\pth≠n ]WnsbSpØncp∂p. FgpØpImcnbpambncp∂p. ]qsWbnse kImen¬ kzmXncmsP 1987˛FUnt‰mdnbense BZysØ h\nXbmbn. Hcp knhn¬ F≥Pn\obsd hnhmlw Ign® Ah¿°v 1990˛¬ Hcp s]¨Ip´n P\n®p. Hcp kv{Xo°v ho´pImcyßfpw dnt∏m¿´¿ ]Wnbpw HØpsIm≠p t]mIm≥ henb _p≤nap´pIƒ A\p`hnt°≠n hcp∂p F∂mWv kzmXn ]d™Xv. AhcpsS kn≤n Iƒ Hcp kv{Xo°v ]{X{]h¿Ø\Øn¬ th≠h sb∂v ]pcpj∑m¿ IcpXp∂h Xs∂bmbncp∂p: arZpIYIƒ, ^o®dpIƒ F∂nh FgpX¬. dnt∏m¿´ dmbn ]WnsbSpØn´p≠v, Nne Ip‰IrXy kvt‰mdn Ifpw sNbvXn´p≠v, F¶nepw s]mXpsh kv{Xo Iƒ ss{Iw dnt∏m¿´nßn\v t]mIp∂Xv BfpIƒ°v CjvSa√, Ah¿ Nq≠n°m´n. hnIknXamb kπn sa‚ v hn`mKØnte°v Ah¿°v Ib‰w In´nbXv Nne apXn¿∂ ]pcpj ]{X{]h¿ØI¿°v cpNn ®n√. ]t£ Ignhpw DXvkmlhpw Ah¿°v XpW bmbn. ]pXnb RmbdmgvN ]Xn∏v sIm≠v kIm ens‚ {]Nmcw Bdpamkw sIm≠v 10,000-˛15,000 tIm∏n h¿≤n®p. h\nXIƒ h\nXmt]PpIƒ°pw amknI Iƒ°pw th≠n {]h¿Øn°p∂Xmbncp∂p, ]Xnhv. h\nXbnse Fw. kcnXh¿Ω aebmfat\mcabnse Xs∂ GI h\nX k_v˛FUn‰dmbncp∂p, 1993˛¬.

CXv `mcXob `mjm{]kn≤oIcWßfn¬ ]{X {]h¿ØI¿ F∂ \nebv°v h\nXIƒ A\p`hn HIvtSm_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ 2017

35

°p∂ ]cnanXnIfpw km[yXIfpw hy‡am°p∂p.

Hcp {]`pIpSpw_mwKw˛sIm®n cmPhwiØnse.

HmƒUv Cw•ojn¬ tIcf k¿hIemimebn¬ \n∂v Fw.F. sUhe]vsa‚ v kv‰Uokn¬ _ncpZm\¥c _ncpZw ]q¿Ønbm°n. A[ym]\w thtWm, ]{X {]h¿Ø\w thtWm F∂ tNmZyØn\v ]{X{]h¿ Ø\w F∂ DØcw Is≠Øm≥ t{]cn∏n®Xv FgpXm\p≈ Xm¬∏cyw. aebmfat\mcabnBsf FSp°p∂p≠v F∂ ]ckyw I≠v At] £n® kcnXsb hniZamb sXcs™Sp∏v \S]Sn {Ia߃°ptijamWv \nban®Xv. F¥psIm ≠mWh¿ sXcs™Sp°s∏´Xv? ]{XØn¬ Hcp h\nX thWsa∂v tXm∂n. sNdnsbmcp NΩ¬®ncn tbmsS kcnX ]d™p. {]Xy£amb, ssPh]camb ]cnanXnIfn¬ kv{XoIƒ°v kzImcyIº\nIfntPmenIn´m≥ hnjaamWv. Iº\nIƒ AXpsIm≠p Xs∂bmWv h\nXIsf FSp°m≥ aSn°p∂Xv kcnXbpsS t_mkv Xpd∂p ]d™p: at\mcabnh\nXIƒ Hc]q¿hP\p mWv. kcnXbpw ]ns∂ sSet^m¨ Hm∏td‰¿amcmbn c≠pt]cpw am{Xta bp≈q. kcnX Znhkhpw sIm®n˛tIm´bw bm{X Xoh≠nbnemWv. Hcp dnt∏m¿´dmIm≥ tamln°p∂ kv{Xo°v tIcfØn¬ A\p`hnt°≠nhcp∂ _p≤n ap´pIsf°pdn®v Ah¿ Du∂n∏d™p: kv{XoIƒ cm{Xn bm{X sNøpItbm Nmb°Sbn¬ Ibdp Itbm sNbvXm¬ tamiamWv F∂mWv [mcW. `mcXob `mjm]{XßfpsS at\m`mhw cq]o Icn°p∂Xv kmaqlnI at\m`mh߃ Xs∂bmWv. Cu at\m`mh߃ h\nXIƒ°p ap∂n¬ Db¿ Øp∂ [¿Ωk¶SsØ°pdn®v arWmƒ ]msfi FgpXp∂p: IrjvW HSphn¬ AΩsb hnfn®v AhfpsS kplrØv Hcp lnμn hm¿Øm GP≥kn°v hnfn®p ]d™n´ps≠∂pw Xm≥ B tPmen kzoIcn°m≥ t]mhpIbmsW∂pw AXv AΩbpsS tPmentbmfw Xs∂ \√Xm sW∂pw ]d™p. Zm, \∂mbn. ]t£, Hcp \nanjw \ndpØn AΩ tNmZn®phs{X: tPmenkabw {]iv\amhnt√? cmjv{Sob kΩ¿±ßƒ? t]meokv kvt‰j≥ kμ¿i \߃? Iem]_m[nX{]tZißfnt]mI¬? AXns\¥m F∂mbn IrjvW. \n\°v Xmßm\mIptam? \o \√ t]mse BtemNnt®m? Cu cmjv{SobP¥p°fpsS H∏w A[nIw ImWs∏´m¬ ]pcpj∑m¿°v kv{XoItfmSp≈ _lpam\w t]mIpw. tIcfØnse BfpIfpsS at\m`mh Øn¬ am‰ßƒ h∂p XpSßnbXns‚ e£W amWv 1990˛IfpsS a[yØn¬ aebmfat\mca bn¬ kv{XoIsf \nban°m≥ XpSßnbXv. 1999˛HmsS tIm´bØv Bdv kv{XoIƒ k_ v˛ FUn‰¿amcmbpw dnt∏m¿´¿amcmbpw D≠mbncp∂p.

36

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Xncph\¥]pcØv aqt∂m \mtem. Xo¿®bmbpw h\nXm{]h¿ØIcn¬ IqSpX¬ Cw•ojv ]{Xß fnemWv. ]t£, `mcXØn¬ hne]nSn® Hcp hmt®m IÆ©n∏n°p∂ Hcp Imtdm kz¥ambp≈{Xbpw ]ZhnbmWv Cw•ojv `mjbv°v. ]{XØn¬ tPmen sNøp∂Xv Hcp kv{XobpsS k¬t∏cn\v A¬]w {]iv\ßsfms° D≠m°psa¶nepw Cw•ojv ]{XamsW¶n¬ B {]iv\w ]cnlcn°mhp∂{X am\yXbpw In´pw.

1990˛Ifn¬ A®Sn am[yaßfn¬ D≠mbncp∂ Zp¿e`w kv{XoIƒ t]mepw amt\Pvsa‚ v ]ZhnIfn embncp∂p. Ahcnepw an°hcpw Cw•ojv `mjm ÿm]\ßfn¬. ]qsWbnse kImen¬ joe ]Xva\m`≥ Hcp DZmlcWamWv. AhcpsS amXr `mj Cw•ojmWv. Ah¿ P¥pimkv{Xw A[ym]nI bmbncp∂p. ]pXnb DSaIfmb ]hm¿amcpsS A`y¿Y\ am\n®v am¿°‰nMv hn`mKØnte°mWv Ah¿ h∂Xv. as‰mcmƒ `mcXob ]{XcwKØv G‰hpw kzm[o\ i‡nbp≈ h\nXIfn¬ Hcmfmb tim` kp{_lvaWy≥. Ah¿ 1993˛¬ B\μv _km¿ ]{XnIbpsS P\d¬ amt\Pcmbncp∂p. joesbt∏mse Ahcpw Hcp tZiobhtcWyh¿K ]›mØeØn¬ \n∂v hcp∂hcmWv. A—≥ C¥y≥ sdbn¬shbvkn¬ Db¿∂ DtZymKÿ\mbn cp∂p. Ah¿ `mcXØn¬ ]ebnSØpw Xmakn®n ´p≠v. Ah¿ hnhmlw sNbvXncp∂Xv Hcp Xangs\ bmWv. Ah¿°v hmbn°m\dnbmhp∂ `mj _wKmfn bmWv, aebmfa√. Ah¿ 1979˛¬ B\μv _km¿ ]{XnIbn¬ tNcp∂Xn\p apºv ¢mcnb¨ AUvsh¿

tPymXn cmsP

arWmƒ ]msfi

ssSknMv k¿hokn¬ Hcp FIvknIyq´ohmbncp∂p.

AXpt]mse, apwss_bnse tamln\n `p√¿. Ah¿ C¥y SpsUbpsS AUvh¿ssSkvsa‚ v UbdIvS

dmWv; `mcXob ]ckycwKsØ°pdn®v \√ ]nSn]mSp≠v. ]t£, FUnt‰mdnb¬ Imcy ßfn¬ Ah¿°pw Hcp ]¶pan√mbncp∂p.

Hscm‰ `mcXob `mjbpw hmbn°m≥ AdnbpIbpan√. c≠v A]hmZ߃ am{Xta Fs‚ {i≤bn¬s]´n´p≈q. 1993˛¬ Z¬lnbn\n∂v Cdßnbncp∂ lnμn Zn\]{Xamb lnμpÿm\n¬ (lnμp ÿm≥ ssSwkv irwJebpsS {]kn≤oIcWw) FIvkn Iqy´ohv FUn‰dmbncp∂ arWmƒ ]msfi. lnμnbnepw Cw•ojnepw FgpØpImcn bmbn Adnbs∏Sp∂ Ah¿ 1992˛AS®p]q´nb km]vXnIv lnμpÿm≥ F∂ BgvN∏Xn∏ns‚ FUn‰dmbncp∂p. 1993˛C¥y SpsUbpsS ]pXnb KpPdmØn FUnj\n¬ ko\nb¿ tIm∏n FUn‰dmb joe`´mWv c≠masØ Bƒ. ]{XcwKØv GsX√mw Xcw ]WnIƒ sNbvXn´pt≠m AsX√mw `mcXob `mjbn¬Øs∂ sNbvXn´p≈ Npcp°w Nne kv{XoIfnHcmƒ. ]{X߃ Ah Pohn°p∂ kaqlß fpsS {]Xn^e\ßfmIm≥ {ian°mdp≠v.

AXpsIm≠p Xs∂ HcpXcw kmaqly am]n\n, \nehnep≈ AhÿIfn te°v Hcp Nq≠p]eImam‰Ønte°v, Hcp Nq≠p hnc¬ Hs°bmbn h¿Øn°mdp≠v. icnbmb, ]{X{]h¿ØIcpsS tdmfnkv{XoIƒ°v `mcXob `mjm ]{XßfnD≈ ]Zhn AØcsamcp ]cnWmaamWv; FÆw Ipdhv, sXmgnepIƒ Zp¿e`w, {]XnIqeamb ]£]mX߃, A{]Xntcm [yhpw. F∂mepw, GsX¶nepw `mcXob `mjm]{XØn¬ Hcp kv{Xosb¶nepw Ds≠¶n¬ AsXmcp am‰Øns‚ kqN\ bmWv. Ct∏mƒ Imew amdn sIm≠ncn°p∂p 1999˛¬ KpPdmØn Zn\]{Xßfn¬ G‰hpw henb Xns‚ DSa ]d™p, s]¨ Ip´nIƒ IqSpXImcyw ]dbm≥ ]Tn®pXpSßnbncn°p∂p. ASpØ Ccp]Xp h¿jßfn¬ at\m`mhßfn¬ Iptd°qSn Abhp hcpsa∂v At±lw {]hNn®p. ]t£ CXnepw F{X tbm IqSpX¬ km£cXbpw Db¿∂ ]{Xw˛hmb\ °m¿ A\p]mXhpw h\nXmkzbw ]cym]vXXbpw AhImis∏Sp∂ cmPyßfnt∏mepw Db¿∂ FUnt‰mdnb¬ ]ZhnIfn¬ 1990˛ Iƒ hscbpw kv{Xokm∂n[yw hncfambncp∂p. kpμcnIfmb hnπhImcnIƒ Nn{XØmfp Iƒ°v {]nbwIcw; I¿°iamb `mhap≈ s^an\n

kv‰pIfmsW¶ntem, Ggmw t]Pn¬ c≠v JfinI bn¬ HXp°pw. CØcØn¬ ¢osj Bbn´p≈ s]cpam‰coXn F{X thKØnemWv Ipdbp∂Xv F∂Xv `mcXob `mjm]{Xßfn¬ F{X thKØnkv{XoIfpsS FÆw IqSp∂p F∂Xns\ B{ibn®n cn°pw. Nne h\nXIƒ \ncmicmWv. ]t£, KWy amb tXmXn¬ kv{Xoi‡n°v CSwsImSp°m≥ Xbmdp≈ hm¿Øm]{X߃ Ncn{X N{IØn\v Zriyamb Hcp X≈v sImSp°pIXs∂ sNøpw. ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

am[ya Kth-j-I-\mb teJ-I≥ It\-Un-b≥ kztZ-inbmb s{]m^-k-dm-Wv. HIvtSm_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ 2017

37

STATUS OF WOMEN JOURNALISTS IN THE MEDIA - A STUDY

The project on the ‘Status of Women Journalists in the Print Media’ was initiated by the National Commission for Women to look into issues affecting the role of women working in the print media. As part of a broader study on working women in India, it was executed by the Press Institute of India (PII), through empirical data that was collected from almost all the States and Union Territories of the country. The objective of the research was to examine the problems and issues confronting women working in the media, to gauge the extent of direct and indirect discrimination in the workplace and to identify contemporary issues that need to be addressed. The research was coordinated by me with the support of media representatives from various regions who together formed a National Study Group.

Major concerns that emerged from the study were job insecurity because journalists were employed like daily wage labour, signing a muster at the end of the month to get a lower salary; contract system of employment; neglect of maternity and child-care provisions and sexual harassment. Other issues raised by respondents were: More women are employed in the media now since they are available at lower salaries on the contract system. In such circumstances gender fair reporting and practices are more difficult to promote.

After initial resistance, even women journalists start justifying organisational insensitivity.

They are instrumental in perpetuating lack of recognition of women’s special needs and functions in society childbirth, childcare, confine38

HIvtSm_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ 2017

ment, security after night duty etc. Many believe the myth that women journalists have limitations within organisations since they cannot do night shifts.

Regular dilemma is childcare vs. profession.

Effect of work on marital relations differ between male journalists and women journalists.Women’s most productive years are also their reproductive years. Women journalists are conscientious, diligent and people relate more easily to us. However, male bosses do not give credit for professionalism instead they speak of women exploiting their gender. As a profession, very satisfying and stimulating but work environment needs to be egalitarian and encouraging. At present enthusiasm often watered down by unresponsive organisations that are not sensitive to gender specific requirements which are often viewed as liabilities transport, maternity leave, childcare facilities, rest rooms etc. There is no transparency in policy matters entitlements, rights and promotion criteria.

An astounding 20.5 per cent of respondents said that women were discriminated against for promotion. 45.5 per cent felt it was because of their sex, some felt it was because of age and a large proportion refused to comment 21.2 per cent. In fact 8.4 per cent were forced to leave a media organisation due to promotion discrimination. Evidence also emerged that having children has an impact on women’s work in the media: 29.2 per cent of all respondents were sure that having children affects promotion and 37.8 per cent felt that this was because of the perception that having children affects women’s ability to put in late hours.

Though most of the respondents had not deferred marriage or pregnancy due to job insecurity, only 56.7 per cent of those with children had availed of maternity leave and a further 10.6 per cent had availed of unpaid or part maternity leave. Reasons for this varied from no such provision, job insecurity and even, not given despite requesting. An astonishing 17.5 per cent were not aware of any such facility in their organisation and of those

without children, 54.2 per cent said that they would avail of maternity benefits in the future if such a provision existed. During personal interaction sexual harassment emerged as a major concern of most respondents. But when asked whether they had to put up with sexist remarks / gestures or if they had been sexually harassed in any way at their workplace or in association with their work, 22.7 per cent said they had, 8 per cent said they were ‘not sure’ and many others had either denied or refused to comment. An interesting finding is that, of those who had experienced sexual harassment, 31.5 per cent said it had ‘seriously’ undermined their confidence and affected their work, 24 per cent said it had ‘mildly’ but an alarming 41.3 per cent said it had had ‘no affect’.

In regards to working conditions, the overwhelming majority of women (76.2 per cent) believe their working conditions are similar to their male colleagues. 10.8 per cent said they were better, while 3 percent said they were worse. However, the level of awareness of basic working conditions is very low on some key issues: 31 per cent were not aware if any equal employment policy existed in their organisation.

29 per cent did not know if women were targeted for filling vacancies in their organisations. 19.5 per cent did not know whether formal appeal procedures or mechanisms for handling grievances existed in their organisation while 50.7 per cent were sure of no such facility. 10 percent are not aware of any formal training programme in their organisation while 42.3 said that no such facility was provided. 87.6 percent are not aware of any superannuation scheme or believe that it does not apply to them. Job segregation was an issue of significance for many of the respondents. 24.7 per cent feel that they do not have access to all areas of work and that lifestyle, arts, gender, fashion and education are traditional areas reserved for women. But 87.3 per cent believe that women have capability in all areas of journalism.

The changes that women want in their workplace include: Positions advertised and proper selection and interview procedures introduced; Provision of training about equal employment opportunity and gender issues for their male colleagues; Transparency in terms and conditions of contract system of employment; Childcare facilities; Maternity leave;

Insurance; An elected (not nominated) body for redressal of grievances. Interestingly, childcare at work place and insurance cover emerged as the most required facilities. 54.4 per cent thought that there had been no development (permanent part-time,flexibility of working hours, special leave, childcare facilities, study leave etc.) at their workplace in the interest of women generally. Only 29.4 per cent of the respondents felt that their employers were responsible for changes that had taken place.

Most of these were perceived to have been brought about in response to individual demands. Notwithstanding this, women journalists say they are making the most of what career opportunities they find, while conceding that they may not have the opportunity to reach the kind of high profile beats that male journalists attain. Often, this is because they are left out of the loop for various reasons not available for night shifts as a consequence of which not assigned important beats that often results in

being buttonholed into accepting a lesser deal.

Or they say that while they might be very successful as assistant editors, a shot at the top job may not come their way because they are not considered ‘management material’.

The survey has demonstrated that comments from women journalists portray resilience bred from years of experience.They have learnt that hard work, a supportive management, and a positive attitude can be keys to success,but they have also learned that within the newsroom, resentment, exclusion and hostility are flip sides of those coins. By and large, women journalists have a positive perspectiveand believe that advancement opportunities in the industry have improved over the last few years.

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39

tem

IØnse BZyh\nXm t^mt´m {K^¿ BcmWv? Ncn{XØns‚ XmfpIfntebv°v Npgn™ndßnbm¬ Bt‚mWn‰v Un sImtdthm‚ v F∂ t]cmWv DØcambn e`n°pI. ayqWn®n¬ 1843˛¬ OmbmNn{Xm teJ\Øn\mbn ÃpUntbm XpSßnb h\nX. {^m≥kn¬ Gsd°mew D]tbmKn°s∏´ UmKocotbm ssS∏nkv‰v F∂ Ombm{KlW kwhn[m\w D]tbmKn®mWv Bt‚mWn‰v t^mt´m FSpØncp∂Xv. t]mfojv sNbvX sNºpjo‰nsh≈n ]qin IÆmSn°p kam\am°n {]Xew {]ImikwthZ\ £aam°nsbSpØv IymadbnD]tbmKn°p∂ coXnbmWnXv. C¥ybnse BZysØ h\nXm t^mt´m tP¿WenÃv BcmsW∂v A¤pXw sImffp tºmƒ tlmambn ]ymcmhme F∂ t]cntebv°v \msaØnt®cpw. Fgp]Xv sIm√w ap≥]v Cu sXmgn¬ taJebnte°v ImseSpØph® h\nXm

40 40

HIv HIvttSm_¿ Sm_¿ ˛˛ \hw\hw-_ _¿¿ 2017 2017

t^mt´m{K^¿ F√mw X\nsb I≠pw tI´pw ]pkvXI߃ t\m°n kwibw Xo¿ØpamWv Rm≥ ]Tns®SpØXv F∂v ]d™n´p≠v tlmambn. 1930 Ifncmjv{S]Xn `h\nepw a‰pw kzX{¥k©mcw \SØnb GI h\nX IqSnbmbncp∂p Ah¿. hyXykvXambn Fs¥ ¶nepw sNøWsa∂ iIvXamb Dƒt{]cW sI.tlaeX bmWv ]nSn®p \n°m≥ klmbn®sX∂v 86˛mw hb n¬ \yqkv t^mt´m{K^ntbmSv hnS ]dbp∂ thfbn¬ Ah¿ shfns∏SpØn. tlmambnbpsS ]mX ]n¥pS¿∂v C¥ym SptUbnseØnb h\nXmt^mt´m tP¿WenÃv jn{]mZmkv, ]n∂oSv Cu taJebn¬ i‡amb km∂n≤yadnbn®p. amKkn≥ taJebnemWv jn{] \nebpd∏n ®Xv. h\nXm {^oem≥kv t^mt´m {K^dmb k¿tΔjv 1989emWv \yqkv t^mt´m{K^nbntebv°v IS∂phcp∂Xv. \nch[n Iem] ߃ ]I¿Ønb k¿thjv lnam eb≥ Im¿ dmen, Im¿Kn¬ bp≤w _olmdnse I¬°cn J\n F∂n hbpw ]I¿Øn. kmlknI t^mt´m{Km^dmbn´mWv Ch¿ Adnbs∏Sp∂Xv. Xangv Zn\]{Xw X¥nbn¬ {]h¿ Øn®p hcp∂ kckzXn, ]b\odnse tcJ {iohm kvXh, C¥y≥ FIvkv{]knse tcWpI ]pcn XpSßnbh¿ \yqkv t^mt´m{K^nbn¬ {]ikvXn

tlmambn ]ymcmhme

jn{]mZmkv

Cμp Zμv

tcWp keqP

t\SnbhcmWv F∂ncn°epw C∂pw hm¿ØmNn{X ߃°v ]n∂n¬ {]h¿Øn°p∂ h\nXIƒ Hcp \yq\]£w am{XamWvv F∂Xv bmYm¿∞yamWv. CeIvt{SmWnIv am[ya taJebntebv°v hcp tºmƒ ZqcZ¿i\nse BZy h\nXm km∂n≤yamb Cμp Zμns\ am‰n \n¿Øm\mhn√. 16 Intem Xq°w hcp∂ Iymad Xq°nsbSpØv kl{]h¿ØIcmb ]pcpj t^mt´m{K^¿am¿s°m∏w hm¿Ø°v ]n∂mse HmSp∂Xn‚ _p≤naps´m∂pw tPmenbpsS •madn\pap≥]n¬ H∂pas√∂mWv Cμphns‚ hmZw. t^mt´m{K^nbn¬ {]mK¤yapffh¿°v kn\nabnepw sSenhnj\nepw FUn‰¿amcmIm\pw

Ahkc߃ e`n°p∂p≠v. A¥cn® tcWp keqP AºtXmfw ^o®¿^nenapIƒ FUn‰p sNbvXn´p≠v. kboZv an{ibpsS B¬_¿´v ]nt‚m tIm Kp m tIymw BØmtl (B¬_¿´v ]nt‚m°v F¥psIm≠v tZjyw hcp∂p) hnt\mZv tNm{]bpsS ]cn¥m F∂o Nn{X߃ {it≤b amWv. tcWp Nn{XkwtbmP\w \n¿Δln® ]cn¥, k¿Zm¿, [mcmhn F∂o kn\naIsftØSn aq∂p XhW tZiob Ahm¿Uv FØn. kp[ Sn°p, kbnZv k_mc F∂nh¿ ZqcZ¿ i\nse hoUntbm FUn‰¿amcmbn ]h¿Øn® hcmWv. 30 an\n´v ssZ¿Lyapff ]cn]mSn°mbn \¬Inbn´pff hoUntbm ^qt´Pn¬ \n∂v anI® tjm´pIƒ sXscs™Sp°pI F∂XmWv {iaIc amb tPmensb∂v ]dbpw kp[. £a Gsd th≠ FUn‰nwKv tPmen kv{XoIƒ°v A\ptbmPyamWv. AXpsIm≠v Xs∂ UbdIvS¿am¿°v s]mXpsh h\nXm FUn‰¿am¿s°m∏w tPmen sNøm≥ XmXv]cyamWv. krjvSn]camb `mh\ Bhiyapff IebmWv FUn‰nwKv, ]dbp∂Xv kboZv k_mc. ^nenw sUhe∏vsa‚ v tIm¿]tdj\n¬ Zo¿L Imew {]h¿Øn® k_mc \nch[n sSenhnj≥ tUmIypsa‚dnIfpw kocnbepIfpw FUn‰v sNbvXn´p≠v. ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

tIcf aoUnb A°m-Z-an-bpsS C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v IΩyq-Wn-t°-j-\n¬ A≤ym-]n-I-bmWv teJn-I.

_enbmbn i¥\p 2017 sk]v‰w-_¿ 20˛\v A{IanIƒ ASn®psIm∂p Ip‰n°m´nte°p hens® dn™ bpham[ya {]h¿ØI≥ i¥\p `ua-nIns‚ PohnXw BtLmjßfpsS tLmjbm{Xbmbncp∂n√. A—≥ h¿jßfmbn IqsSbn√. k¿°m¿ KpakvXbmb AΩ ]mt∏mcn \mKv BWv IpSpw_Øn¬ i¥\phn\p ]pdsa hcpam\w D≈ Hcmƒ. ktlmZcn ]n\mIn KmwKvtSm°n¬ ]Tn°p∂p. CXns‚ NpaXeIXƒ hln®ncp∂Xpw i¥\phmWv. Zn≥cmXv F∂mbncp∂p i¥\p tPmen sNbvXncp∂ Nm\ens‚ t]cv. sIm√ i¥\p `uanIv s∏´ Znhkw C≥UnP\kv ]o∏nƒ Hm^v {Xn]pc (sF ]n F^v Sn)bpw {Xn]pc ctP¿ D]PmXn KWap‡n ]cnjXv (Sn B¿ bp Pn ]n)bpw XΩn¬ G‰pap´ep≠mb ÿeØv BZyw HmSnsbØnb am[ya{]h¿ØI≥ i¥\phmbncp∂p. ÿncambn i¥\p t\m°p∂ hm¿Øm _o‰v sF]nF^vSnbptSXmWv. ]ecpw AhntS°v dnt∏m¿´¿amsctbm Iymadmam≥amsctbm Ab°m≥ `b∂p ]n∑mdnb kabØmbncp∂p kwL¿jÿetØ°v im¥\p HmSnsbØnbXv. AK¿Øebn\n∂v 45 Intemao‰¿ Zqscbp≈ aμmbnbnse {]mtZinI teJIs\ Iq´p]nSn®mWv i¥\p kwL¿jw dnt∏m¿´p sNøms\ØnbXv. AXphsc tiJcn® hnhc߃ Hm^oknte°p Ab°m≥ th≠n kw`hÿeØp \n∂pw aSßp∂Xn-\n-sS-bm-bn-cp∂p B{I-aWw. CXn\nsSbmWv A{IanIƒ Hcp t]meokv hml\Øn\v Xobn ´Xmbn tI´Xv. DS≥ Atßm´p ]m™p. AXmbncp∂p i¥\p `uanIv F∂ 28Imcs‚ Ahkm\ hm¿Øm°pXn∏v.

sk_n amXyp

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41

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42

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43

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Ah¿ ]nWßnbm¬ tIcfØns‚ KXn F¥mIpsa∂v ]mgq¿ ]Sn∏pcbn¬ t]mbn {]iv\w hbv∏n°msX Xs∂ \ap°dnbmw. tIcfØns‚ aWntbm¿U¿ Ct°mWan XIcpw. C∂v Hdnb°mc\pw _wKmfnbpw BkmwImc\pw Xang\pw \ap°pth≠n FSp°p∂ Nqepw Xqºbpw \mw Xs∂ FSpt°≠n hcpw. t\m°pIqen t]mepw \n¬°pw. ssI°qenbpw AgnaXnbpw C∂v \ΩpsS sskt°mbpsS `mKamWv. Aºe Øn¬ Xs‚ D±njvSImcyw km[n°p∂Xn\v ImWn°bnSp∂Xp t]msetb \mw ssI°qensb ImWp∂p≈q. tPymXnjn ]d™ \√ aplq¿Øw t\m°n kntkdnb≥ \SØm≥ ssK\t°mfPnÃn\v 44

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kvt\tlm]lmcw \¬Ip∂ sFSn bphZºXnIƒ°v AXns\ ssI°qenbmtbm tUmIvSdpsS AgnaXnbmtbm ImWm≥ ]‰ptam?

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B ]mcºcyw \ap°v ssIhnSm≥ ]‰n√. \ap°v C\n hcp∂ \yqkv Nm\epIsf sh´p∂ IqSpX¬ BI¿jIamb AgnaXn°YIƒ tkmjy¬ aoUnbmbn¬ hf¿Øn `mj°m¿°pw DtØP\w \¬Imw.

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t\mh-enÃpw "ho£Ww' ap≥ No^v FUn-‰-dp-amWv teJ-I≥.

C˛-sabn¬: klmv@rediffmail.com

WOMEN IN JOURNALISM AN ANALYSIS Shoma A. Chatterji

I

recently wrote an article on the futility and lack of ethics surrounding the building statues and temples as tributes to living men and women in general and political leaders in particular. The minute the article went online and I shared it on my timelines in several social media sites, there were more brickbats than bouquets and more negative comments than positive ones. Why? Because I am known as a film journalist and author and so long as I am safely ensconced in the comfort zone of films, it is okay for my social network friends to shower me with praise. The minute I tend to step out and write about the Rohingya tragedy and the fall-out among their women and children, all hell breaks loose and I am inundated with attacks in the form of text messages and comments on the social media networks I am active on. One even when to the extent of insinuating that I was “reaping the dividends” of writing against the Establishment!

Is this because I am a woman? Or, are male journalists subject to the same attacks when they write on controversial subjects with the readers divided along invisible party lines? Or, perhaps the readers find greater comfort with women writing ‘soft’ news and articles than dealing with issues of national and international interest?

HIvtSm_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ 2017

45

I do no know. But this is a pointer to the fact that there are more men out there reporting and commenting and writing oped articles on hotly controversial subjects, issues and people and if there are women who dare to step into these areas, then, who knows, they may be shot down in the manner that Gauri Lankesh was, in cold blood and by diabolic, calculated design.

Speaking of Gauri Lankesh, if one were to look closely at the list of the 29 journalists murdered solely for their frank and forthright writing between 1992 and 2017, Gauri Lankesh happens to be the

violence or threats against women journalists have in several cases led to sexist deployment to work in areas where female reporters have endured sexual assaults. This throws up a legitimate excuse for media organization and print media either to employ women into safe zones or not employ them at all!

The above paper quotes a study by the International News Safety Institute (INSI) of 1,000 women journalists that supports the claim that sexual violence is frequently used to silence and intimidate women journalists, and adds that women are additionally exposed to attacks because their work challenges gender stereotypes (Barton a& Storm 2014).

In his well-researched article, Where are Those Missing Faces? I Arul Aram, Visiting Research Scholar at the London School of Economics, writes, “Women’s views and voices are marginalised in news media. Men’s voices dominate in hard news. Men are the majority of news subjects in all story topics. Even when women do feature in the news, they are more likely to be found in ‘soft’ stories such as celebrity and arts where they make up 28% of news subjects and least likely to be found in ‘hard’ news stories about politics and government (14%) and the economy (20%). Men dominate as spokesGauri Lankesh Usha Rai persons and experts. 86% of all people featured in new stories as spokespeople are men.

Men also make up 83% of all experts. sole woman. Why? Is it because women Women are much less likely to be considered experts journalists are less courageous, less frank in media coverage.

This shows that there is a gender and less forthright than men journalists? bias in the media though many women have already Or is it because they are not given the come up in several walks of life.” responsibility of reporting on controversies that can make them vulnerable to an attack He goes on to add that women are often on their lives? A logical reason forwarded present as voices expressing personal experience

by Marte Hoiby in (2016) Sexual Violence (31%) or popular opinion (34%). Women are more against Journalists in Conflict Zones. than twice as likely to be portrayed as victims than Gendered Practices and Cultures in the men. Female and male victims are common currency Newsroom in Berit von der Lippe & Rune in news programmes. But women are disproportionOttosen (eds.) Gendering War and Conflict ately represented in this way with 19% of women Reporting. Göteborg: Nordicom is that portrayed as victims compared with 8% of men.

“While sexual violence is a threat to both Journalism, for women journalists, is no longer men and women in war and conflict, cases confined to ‘soft’ news critiquing the proliferation of concerning male victims are largely absent beauty contests or a single case of domestic violence from public discussion and women’s in the neighbourhood.

Women journalists in India, vulnerability regularly assumed.” Sexualised 46

HIvtSm_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ 2017

took into account a wide range of issues: from recruitment and job segregation to promotions and work conditions; training and development to childcare and maternity facilities; sexual harassment, union involvement, superannuation and freelancing. From a historical perspective, women journalists clearly have made great advances in the last two decades - their share of jobs in all media has increased, they are not restricted to fashion, cookery, art and culture but are also reporting from the battlefields, stock market and the Parliament’s press gallery. In fact women journalists are radically changing the media and giving it a broader base by mainstreaming health, environment, social concerns and women’s issues.

both in the print as well as in the electronic media, are known for their commitment to their vocation, for their integrity in not ‘selling out’ to propaganda or cheap p.r. for a price, and for their moral courage in facing the dangers of a war coverage or the coverage of a communal riot. When the PTI recruited more women than men among their trainees a decade ago, begun with the system of entrance tests and interviews at entry point, Sujata Madhok of the Delhi Union of Journalists said, “PTI seems to have chosen so many women because they did better in entrance tests, also because women have acquired a reputation for being more hardworking and disciplined.”

A survey on the status of women journalists initiated by the National Commission on Women looked into issues affecting the role of women working in the print media. The survey

After a national conference of women journalists, organised by the Central Social Welfare Board and Women Networks in 2002, where they spoke of their travails, lack of mobility and basic facilities in most media organisations, Dr Poornima Advani, chairperson of the National Commission for Women, decided to undertake a proper study on the status of women journalists in the country. The task was entrusted to the Press Institute of India, a non-profit, independent organisation that has been training journalists and watching trends in the media. Its Report formed the basis for implementation of some of the recommendations it suggested.

The research was co-ordinated by Pamela Bhagat with the support of media representatives from various regions - Linda Chhakchhuak from Shillong, Rajashri Dasgupta from Calcutta, Sushmita Malaviya from Bhopal, R. Akhileshwari from Hyderabad and Surekha HIv tSm_¿˛ ˛\hw\hw2017 HIv tSm_¿ __ ¿ ¿2017

47

Sule from Mumbai who together formed a National Study Group. The National Study Group assisted with the design and implementation of the 20-page questionnaire.

Usha Rai, Deputy Director, Press Institute of India, guided and steered Katherine-Fannin the group. The objective of the research was to examine the problems and issues confronting women working in the media, to gauge the extent of direct and indirect discrimination in the workplace and to identify contemporary issues that need to be addressed.

Noted journalist Usha Rai in her contribution to Status of Women Journalists in India, a part of the above report, entitled Women Journalists – Then and Now, states “in the sixties there were very few women in daily newspapers (English as well as regional), either on the desk or as reporters. Most papers did not have a single woman. The few who got entry stood out, fortunately not as sore thumbs but as bright eyed, educated young women trying to storm into a male bastion. They were gawked at and there was a lot of speculation as to how long they would survive in the taxing profession. Probably their biggest qualification was that they could write well. They contributed greatly to the feature sections of the newspapers.”

In Women in Journalism, Making News, Ammu Joseph points out that among the most significant developments in this last decade of the millennium, is the growth in numbers, and the very obvious visibility of Indian media women. The other most important development is the arrival of the satellite television in the country. Women are everywhere on these channels particularly in news and current affairs. They not only appear on television but 48

HIvtSm_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ 2017

are also involved in every aspect of the visual medium.

At a global level the United Nations International Decade for Women (1975-85) was an early catalyst for both activism and research.

Since the late 1970s this work has revolved round two central axes: a critique of the ways in which media content projects women as objects rather than as active subjects, and an analysis of the institutional and social structures of power through which women are systematically marginalized within media organizations. The link between media content and the individuals who produce it is greatly dictated and conditioned by countless factors including institutional policies, professional values and advertisers’ demands. In many countries, more and more women are entering the media professions than ever before. But it would be unreasonable to imagine that this will result in a radical transformation of media content.

The last word on the subject should go to Katherine Fanning who broke the male stranglehold by editing the international newspaper The Christian Science Monitor when it had a circulation of 160,000 with 12 bureaus around the world. Her advice to women journalists goes as follows: “If politics is your area of expertise or interest, get into it. But do not get into it just because it is a top job held by a man. I myself moved into my present job because I had a definite contribution to make.

Women journalists should get into areas where they have talent, interest and flair. They should not deliberately enter into competition with men just to prove their equality or superiority.” She adds that women bring sensitivity to news as well as the people they are writing about.

“Women care more about relationships than men; they can reach across chasms and help bettering relationships between nations.” .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

The writer is a freelance journalist, author and film scholar based in Kolkata. She has authored 25 books and contributed to many compilations on cinema, family and gender.

Email: shoma.chatterji@gmail.com

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F-¥m-Wv ]m-\-a t]-t∏-gvkv? tem-I-Øn-se \m-ema-sØ henb A-¥m-cm-{„ HIvtSm_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ 2017

49

\nb-a-Im-cy-ÿm-]-\am-b sam- m-°v t^m¨-kn-°-bn\n-∂v H-cp tPm-en-°m-c≥ c-≠p h¿-jw apºp tNm¿Øn-b H-cp tIm-Sn tc-J-Iƒ hm-jn-ßv-S-Wn-se C‚¿-\m-j-\¬ I¨-tkm¿jyw Hm-^v C≥-sh-Ãn-tK‰o-hv tP-W-en-Ãvkv (sF.kn.sF.sP.) tem-I-sØ-ºm-Sp-ap-≈ {]-tXy-Iw Xn-c-s™SpØ am-[y-a-ÿm-]\-ß-fn-eq-sS H-tc ka-bw ]-c-ky-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xns‚ {]-Xym-Lm-X-߃ C∂pw \n-ch-[n cm-Py-ß-fn¬ tImfn f-°w kr-„n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bmWv. N-cn-{X-Øn-se G-‰-hpwhen-b hn-h-c-t®m¿-®-bm-Wn-Xv. C‚¿-\m-j-\¬ I¨tkm¿-jyw Hm-^v C≥-sh-ÃntK-‰o-hv tP-W-en-Ãv-kn-s‚ X-eh≥ sP-dm¿-Uv ssd¬ Cu c-l-ky-hn-h-c-t®m¿-®-bp-sS hn-i-Zmw-i-߃ sS-Uv tUm-Sv tImw F-∂ tem-I-{]-i-kv-X am-b {]-`m-j-W-ssk-‰n\-SØn-b {]-`m-j-W-Ønhn-h-cn-°p-Ibp≠mbn.* tem-IsØ-ºm-Sp-ap-≈ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cnI-fp-sSbpw hy-h-km-bn-I-fpsSbpw a‰pw A-\-[n-Ir-X-kºmZyw \nch-[n Zzo-]p-cm-Py-ßfn-se _m-¶p-I-fn¬ B¿°pw Xn-cn-®-dnbm≥ I-gn-bm-Ø hn-[Øn¬ hym-P-ÿm-]-\-ß-fp-sS sP-dm¿-Uv ssdt]-cn¬ \nt£-]n-°m≥ k-lmbn-°p-∂ \n-b-a-ÿm-]-\-ß-fn¬ {]-ap-J-ÿm-\-ap-≈ sam- m-°v t^m¨-kn-°-bn¬ {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂ Poh\-°m-c-\m-Wv 1977 ap-Xep≈ \m¬]-Xp h¿j-sØ tc-J-I-fpsS˛A-h-bp-sS F-Æ-am-Wv 11.5 Z-i-e-£w˛ tIm-∏n-I-fp-am-bn P¿a≥ ]-{Xam-b kp-Um≥-tj ssk-Sqßn-s\ k-ao-]n-®Xv. tem-I-Øn¬ A-Xn-\p ap-ºv G-sX¶nepw ]-{Xtam ]-{X-ÿm-]-\tam I≠n-´n√m-Ø A-{X hen-b c-l-ky-hn-h-c-ti-J-c-am-bn-cp-∂p AXv. C-°mc-Ww sIm-≠p-Xs∂, H-cp ]-t£ a-s‰m-cp ]-{X-ÿm-]-\hpw H-cn-°epw sN-øm-\n-S-bn √m-Ø Hcp Im-cyw A-h¿ sNbvvXp. temI-sØ ]n-Sn-®p-Ip-ep-°p-sa∂p-d-∏p-≈ Cu hm¿-Ø F-Iv-kv-¢q-ko-hv B-t°-≠-Xn√- F-∂-h¿ Xo-cp-am-\n-®p. A-h-cmWv C‚¿-\m-j-\¬ I¨-tkm¿-jyw Hm-^v C≥-sh-Ãn-tK-‰o-hv tP-W-en-Ãv-kn-s‚ X-ehs\ _-‘-s∏-Sp∂Xv. C-cp-\q-dp cm-Py-ß-fn¬-\n-∂p-≈-h-cp-sS c-l-ky k-ºm-Zy-hn-hc-߃ A-S-ßn-b B kv-Iq-∏n-s‚ `bm-\-IXzw B am-[y-a-kw-LsØbpw A-º-c-∏n®p. F-hn-sS Xp-S-ßWw, Fß-s\ ssI-Imcyw sNø-Ww F-∂-dn-bm-sX A-h¿ Ipgßn. Xp-S¿-∂m-Wv, ap-ºmcpw sN-bv-Xn-´n√mØ H-cp \-S-]-Sn -{I-a-Øn-\v A-h¿ cq-]w \¬-Inb-Xv. tc-J-Iƒ ap-gp-h≥ A-h¿ H-cp c-l-ky-tI-{μ-Øn¬ kp-c-£n-Xam-bn F-Øn-®p. C-sa-bn-ep-Iƒ am-{X-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p A-Xn¬ AºXp e-£w. 76 cm-Py-ß-fnse \q-dp am-[y-a-ÿm-]-\ß-sf {]Xn-\n[o-I-cn-°p-∂ ]-{X-{]-h-¿-Ø-I¿ FØn Hmtcm cm-Py-Øn-s‚bpw tcJ-Iƒ sh-tΔ-sd-sb-Sp-Øv kv-Im≥ sN-bv-Xv, sk¿-®v sN-øm-hp-∂ cq-]-Øn-em°n. hm¿-Ø ]-c-ky-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\v \n›-bn-°p-∂ Xnø-Xn-°p apºv H-cmƒ t]mepw H∂pw {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°-cp-Xv F-∂ 50

HIvtSm_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ 2017

im-k-\ ]m-en-°-s∏-Sptam F-∂ Im-cyØn¬ B-bn-cp-∂p h-en-b kw-i-bhpw B-i-¶-bpw. sam-Øw 350˛¬ A-[n-Iw dn-t∏m¿-´¿-am-¿ ssIImcyw sNbv-X H-cp h-º≥ kv-Iq-∏v C-Sbv-°p sh®vv tNm¿-∂p-t]mtb°pw F-∂ `-bw F-√m-h¿°pw D-≠m-bn-cp∂p. ]-t£ H∂pw kw-`-hn-®n√. A-t\-I-am-kw A-h¿ {]-Xn-⁄ ]m-en-®v Cu tc-J-Iƒ th¿-Xncn-®v X-øm-dm°n. C-Xn-\m-bn Hcp \yq-kv dqw X-s∂ kr-„n®p. C-Xn¬ ]-¶m-fn bm-b H-cp sFkvem≥-Uv ]-{X-{]-h¿-ØI≥ H-º-Xp-am-kw kz-¥w ÿm-]-\-sØt∏mepw hn-h-c-a-dn-bn-°m-sX-bmWv Cu tPm-en-bn¬ ]-¶m-fn-bm-b-Xv. (hm¿-Ø ]p-d-Øm-b-t∏m-ƒ BZyw cm-Pn-sh-t°-≠n h∂Xv sF-kvem≥-Uv {]-[m-\-a-{¥n-bm-bncp-∂p.) aq∂p e-£w I-º-\n-I-fp-sSbpw A-h-bp-sS \n-t£-]-I-cp-sSbpw t]-cp-I-fmbn-cp-∂p 2015˛¬ ]p-d-Øp-h-∂-Xv. C-Ø-cw \n-t£-]-߃ ]-e cm-Py-ß-fnepw \n-b-a-hn-t[-b-am-b-Xp-sIm-≠p F-√msam∂pw Ip-‰-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂n√. A-Xp-sIm≠pX-s∂ ]-´n-I-bn¬ t]-cp-≈-h-sc√mw X-´n-∏p-Im-cm-bn-s°m-≈-W-sa-∂n√.

A-™q-dn-tesd C-¥y-°m-cp-sS t]-cp ]p-d-Øp-h-∂n-´p-s≠-¶nepw A-Xn¬ A-dn-bs∏-Sp-∂ cm-jv{So-b-°m¿ B-cp-an√. N-e-Nn{X-ta-J-e-bn-sebpw hy-h-km-b-cw-K-sØbp-sams° {]-ap-J¿ ]-e-cp-ap-≠p-Xm\pw. ]m-In-ÿm≥ {]-[m-\-a{¥n \-hm-kv sj-co-^v B-Wv ]m\-a t]-∏-dp-Ifp-sS t]-cn¬ cm-Pn-sh-t°-≠nh-∂ H-Sphne-sØ {]-apJ≥.

A-Xy-km-[m-c-Wam-b Cu am-[y-a Iq-´m-bv-a-bn¬ ]-¶m-fn-bm-bn-cp∂p amƒ-´-bnse h-[n-°-s∏-´ ]-{X-{]-h¿Ø-I. amƒ-´bn-se A-t[m-tem-I I-º-\n-I-fp-sS c-l-ky-\n-t£-]-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p-≈ A-t\z j-Ww A-h-cm-Wv \-S-Øn-bXv. A-hcp-sS aI≥ am-Xyp I-dzm-\ K-eo-Ny tP-W-enÃpw Iºyq-´¿ t{]m-{Km-a-dp-amWv. hm-jn-MvSWn¬ sF.kn.sF.sP.°p th-≠n {]h¿-Øn-°p-I-bm-Wv am-Xyp. ]m-\-a t]-t∏-gv-kv sh-fn-s∏-Sp-Ø-epIfmtWm ]-{X-{]-h¿-Ø-I-bp-sS sIm-e]m-X-I-Øn-\p Im-cWw? C-Xph-sc bmsXm∂pw I-s≠-Øm≥ A-t\z-j-I¿°m-bn-´n√. Im¿ t_mw-_v kv-t^m-S-\ßfpw sIm-e-Ifpw amƒ-´-bn¬ km-[m-cW-kw`-h-am-Wv. A-h-tb-sd-bpw A-t[m-

tem-I kw-L-ß-fp-sS G-‰p-ap-´-ep-I-fp-sS ^-e-am-bm-Wv kw-`-hn-°m-dp-≈Xv. Cu sIm-e-Iƒ-s°m∂pw cm-jv{Sob_-‘w D≠-mImdn√.

A-Ω-bp-sS ac-Ww H-cp km-[m-c-W sIm-e-tbm Zp-xJkw-`-htam A√. H-cmƒ _- -]-I-S-Øntem at‰m a-cn-°p-∂-Xns\bm-Wv Zp-x-J-I-c-sa-∂p hn-fn °p-I. \n-߃-°p Np‰pw A-·n-bm-fp-Ibpw c‡w sNm-cn-bp-Ibpw sN-øp-tºmƒ A-sXm-cp bp-≤-amWv. th¿-Xn-cn-®-dn-bm≥ ]‰m-Ø hn-[w H-∂m-bn am-dn-°gn™ `cW-Iq-S-Øn\pw kw-LSnX Ip-‰-hm-fn-°q´n\pw F-Xncm-bn bp-≤w sN-øp-∂ P\-X-bm-Wv \-ΩptS-Xv˛H-cp s^-bv-kv-_p°v t]m-Ãn¬ a-I≥ am-Xyp F-gp-Xn.

Ku-cn e-t¶jpw Um-kv\n I-dzm-\ K-eo-Nybpw X-Ωn¬ H-cp Im-cy-Øn¬ Iq-Sn km-Zr-iy-ap-≠v. h-[-Øn\p ti-jw Ip-‰-hm-fn kw-L-ßfpw Ah-sc ]n-¥m-ßp∂-hcpw A-Xv B-tLm-jn-°m≥ ap-t∂m-´p-h∂p. Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw A-h¿ A¿-ln-°p-∂-Xm-Wv In-´p-I. Rm≥ k-t¥m-jn-°p-∂p F-∂m-Wv amƒ-´-bn-se H-cp t]meo-kv ta-[m-hn F-gp-Xn-b-Xv. C-sXm-cp am^n-b tÃ-‰v B-sW-∂-Xn-\p Iq-Sp-X¬ sX-fn-hp thtWm F-∂m-Wv am-Xyp Idzm\ K-eo-Ny tNm-Zn-®-Xv. F-¥m-bmepw H-cp tNm-Zy-Øn-\v DØ-cw In´p-I {]-bm-k-am-Wv. I-dzm-\ K-eo-Ny-sb B-cmWv sIm-∂Xv? F-¥p-sIm-≠v sIm-∂p F-∂-dn-bmw. ]t£, B-cv F-∂-dnbp-I {]-bm-kw-Xs∂. Ku-cn e-t¶-jns‚ Im-cy-Ønepw C-Xp icn.

*https://www.ted.com/talks/gerard_ryle_how_the_panama_papers_ journalists_broke_the_biggest_leak_in_history/transcript

]{X-߃-°p X-s∂-bm-Wv `m-hn....

Im

¬-\q-‰m-≠p ap-ºv A®-Sn am-[y-a-temIw XI¿-®-bn-te-°p \o-ßp-I-bm-Wv F-∂ B-i-¶ D-b¿-∂-t∏mƒ Un-Pn-‰¬ ^-gv-Ãv F-∂ B-izmka{¥w Db¿Øn Hm¨-sse≥ am-[y-a-hn-π-hØn-\v XpS-°w Ip-dn-® en-¶¨ an¬-Ão≥ H-tc kabw \n-cm-i-bnepw {]-Xo-£-bn-ep-amWv. Hm¨-sse-\ns\-°p-dn-®v \n-cm-i, ]-{X-ß-sf-°p-dn-®v {]-Xo-£.

Xm≥ kz-]v-\w I-≠ Un-Pn-‰¬ hnπ-hw D-t±in-® e£yw t\-Sn-bn√ F-∂v A-t±-lw Xpd-∂p ]-dbp∂p. Un-Pn-‰¬ am-[y-aa√, ]-{X߃ X-s∂bmhpw am-[y-a-ß-fp-sS `m-hn \n¿-W-bn-°pI F-∂p A-t±-l-an-t∏mƒ Xn-cp-Øn-∏-d-bp-Ibpw sN-øp-∂p.

en-¶¨ an¬-Ão≥

2001˛2002 Ime-Øv t_m-è. tImw sh-_vssk-‰n-\p Xp-S-°-an-´ A-t±-lw \yq-tbm¿-°v ssSwkv Hm¨-sse≥ am-[y-a-Øn-s‚ ]p-\-cp-÷o-h-\Øn-\p t\XrXzw \¬-Ip-Ibpw sN-bv-Xn-´p-≠v. ]-{X{]-h¿-Ø-I≥ Iq-Sn B-bn-cp-∂ en-¶¨ an¬-Ão≥ C-t∏mƒ loÃv \yq-kv-t]-t∏-gv-kv tIm¿-∏-tdj-s‚ ssh-kv {]kn-U‚m-Wv. Zv F-Un-‰¿ B≥-Uv ]-ªnj¿ sh-_v-ssk-‰n-se-gpXn-b te-J-\-Øn¬ At±lw H-cp Im-cy-Øn¬ A-¤p-Xw {]-I-Sn-∏n-°p∂p˛ bmYm¿∞yw Xncn-®-dn-bm-sX am-[y-a am-t\-Pv-sa‚pIƒ C-t∏m-gpw, UnPn-‰¬ `m-hn- kpc-£n-X-am-°p-∂-Xn-\v F-∂ t]cn¬ A-®-Sn-am-[ya-sØ A-h-K-Wn-°p∂-Xv F-¥p-sIm-≠m-Wv? A-®-Sn-am-[y-aam-Wv Cu I-º-\n-I-fp-sS-sb-√mw hcp-am-\-Øn-s‚ aq-∂n¬ c-≠p `mKw kw-`m-h-\ sN-øp-∂Xv. F∂n´pw A-h¿ ]-{X-sØ A-h-K-Wn-°p-Ibpw A-Xn-s‚ \n-e-\n-¬-∏n-s\Ø-s∂ A-]-I-S-Øn-em-°pI-bp-w sN-øp-∂p. ˛en-¶¨ an¬-Ão≥ Fgp-Xp-∂p.

Un-Pn-‰¬ `m-hn Xo¿Øpw A-\n-›n-Xhpw \n-ehn-ep-≈ ÿm-]-\-ß-ƒ-°p hen-b {]-Xo-£-bvs°m∂pw hI \¬-Im-Ø-Xp-am-sW-∂ A-t±-lw hn-i-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p≠v. A-an-X-am-bn Un-Pn-‰¬ am-[y-aØn¬ Du-∂¬ \¬-In-b A-ta-cn°≥ ÿm-]-\-ßfm-Wv 2017˛se BZy-]-Ip-Xn-bn¬ Xm-tg-°p t]m-bsX∂pw \yqtbm¿-°v ssSwkpw hm-jn-ßv-S¨ t]m-Ãpw loÃpw hmƒ-{Ão-‰v tP-Wepw a-‰pw h¿≤n® hn-ev-]-\-bm-Wv t\-Sn-b-sX∂pw A-t±-lw Nq-≠n-°m-´p∂p. A-®-Sn-∏-{X-߃-°v ]p-Ø≥ B-ib-ß-fn-eq-sS Fßs\ hf¿-® t\Smw F-∂-Xn-\v hm-jn-ßv-S¨ t]m-Ãv H-cp DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. 2013˛\p ti-jw A-h¿-°v ]-{X-Øn¬ 140 ]pXn-b tP-W-enÃpI-sf \n-b-an-°m≥ I-gn-bpw-hn[\ap≈ h-f-¿-®-bp≠m-bn ˛en-¶¨ F-gp-Xn. HIvtSm_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ 2017

51

km-aq-ly-am-[y-a-hnπ-hw Xn-cn®-Sn t\-cn-´p-sIm-≠n-cn°p-I-bm-Wv. hym-P-hm¿-Ø-Ifpw a-‰v A-\m-im-ky {]h-W-XIfpw P-\-ß-fn¬ ]p-Ø≥ am-[y-a-cq-]-ß-sf-°p-dn-®v A-hn-izmk-am-Wv kr-„n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv. Zn-\-]-{X-ß-fp-sSbpw A-h-cpsS Hm¨-sse≥ {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ß-fp-sSbpw h-cn-°mcp-sS F-Æ-Øn¬ k-ao-]-Im-e-Øp-≠m-b Ip-Xn-®p-Ib-‰w C-Xm-Wv Nq-≠n-°m-´p-∂-Xv. ]p-kv-X-I-ß-fp-sS tem-I-Øp≠m-b am-‰-ß-fn¬-\n∂v ]mTw ]Tn-t°-≠-Xp-s≠∂p en-¶¨ an¬-Ão≥ Nq-≠n-°m´p∂p. H-cp-]-Xn-‰m-≠p-Im-ew ]p-kv-X-I-hnev]-\ ]n-t∂m-´m-bncp∂p. ]-t£, 2014˛¬ ÿn-Xn amdn. c-≠p-h¿-jw sIm-≠p C _p-°p-I-fp-sS hnev]\ ]-Xn-s\m∂p i-X-am-\w Ip-d™p. ]p-kv-X-I-hn-ev-]-\-bmI-s´ \m-ep i-X-am-\w h¿-≤n-°p-Ibpw sN-bvXp. hm¿-Øm-cwK-Øv Un-Pn-‰¬ ao-Un-b-°p ÿm-\w C-s√-∂√. A-Xn-s‚ th-K-Xhpw hn-X-c-W-ku-I-cyhpw Xo¿-®bmbpw a-s‰m-∂n-\pw In-´n√. ]t£, A-sXm∂pw {]n‚n-\p ]Icw B-hm≥ t]m-Ip-∂n√. ku-P-\y-hm¿-Ø F-∂ hym-tam-l-Øn¬-\n-∂p P-\-߃ tam-Nn-X-cm-Ip-∂p≠v. D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ap-≈ H-cp {]-h¿-Ø-\am-Wv hm¿-Øm-ti-J-cWw. A-Xp sN-e-thdn-b ]Wn-bmWv.

sh-dp-sX In-´p-∂ hm¿-Ø-bv°p hm¿-Øbp-sS Kp-W-ß-sfm-∂p-ap-≠m-hn√ F-∂dn-t™ Xocq. A-®-Sn-bp-sS ac-Ww {]-h-Nn-°s∏-´v Im¬-\q-‰m-≠n-\p ti-j-hpw 1300 ]-{X߃ k-Po-h-am-bn {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂p-≠v A-tacn-°-bn¬. \yq-tbm¿-°v ssSw-kn-\v C∂pw ]-Øp-e-£-Øn-te-sd hcn°mdp≠vv. lq-è t{Im-Wn-°vƒ aq-∂p e-£w ho-Sp-I-fn-se-Øp-∂p. aq-∂p tIm-Sn-bm-fp-Iƒ Rm-b-dmgv-N cm-hn-se ]-{X-Øn-s‚ hc-hp Im-Øn-cn-°p-∂p.

P-\-ß-fn¬ hn-izm-kw ho-s≠-Sp-°m≥ k-lm-bn°p∂ D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ap-≈ tP-W-enk-Øn-te-°p Xn-cn-®p-t]mhp-I F-∂-Xm-Wv A-Xn-Po-h-\-Øn\pw hf¿-®-bv°pw k-lm-bn°p-∂ \-S]-Sn F∂v en-¶¨ an¬-Ão≥ I-cpXp-∂p. tdm-°v-s^√¿ ^u-t≠-j-s‚ s^-t√m-jn-t∏m-sS ]-{X-ß-sf-°p-dn-®v H-cp ]p-kv-X-I-Øn-s‚ c-N-\-bn-emWv en-¶¨ an¬Ão≥.

\yq-kv dqw \m-\mXzw sa-®-s∏-´n√

A

ta-cn-°≥ \yq-kv dq-ap-I-fn¬ h-\n-X-I-fp-sSbpw sh≈-°m-c√m-Ø ]u-c-hn-`m-K-ß-fn¬ s]-Sp-∂-hcpsSbpw F-Æw F-{X-tØm-fw D-≠v F-∂p \n-c¥-cw \n-co-£n-°p-∂ kw-L-S-\-bm-Wv A-ta-cn-°≥ skmssk‰n Hm-^v \yqkv F-Un-t‰-gv-kv (F.Fkv.F≥.C.). kw-L-S-\- \¬-Ip-∂ ]pXn-b IW-°p-Iƒ ]-e tNm-Zy-ßfpw D-b¿-Øp∂p. k-aq-l-Øn-ep-≈ A-tX tXm-Xn¬ hw-io-b˛enw-K sshhn≤yw \yq-kv dq-ap-I-fnepw D≠mI-Ww F-∂ XØzw D-b¿-Øn-∏n-Sn-°p-∂ kw-L-S-\-bmWv F.F-kv.F-≥.C. 2025 B-hp-tºm-tg°v Cu e£yw t\-SW-sa-∂m-Wv kwL-S-\ D-t±-in-°p-∂Xv. Hm-tcm \-K-c-Ønepw C-Xv hy-Xy-kv-X-am-bn-cn-°pw.

661 am-[y-a-ÿm-]-\-ß-fn-se sh-≈-°m-c√m-Ø am-[y-a-{]-h¿-Ø-I-cp-sS F-Æw sam-Øw am-[y-a-{]-h¿-ØI-cp-sS F-Æ-Øn-s‚ 16.55% B-sW-∂v kw-L-S-\ 2017˛¬ \-SØn-b k¿-sh I-s≠Øn. I-gn-™ h¿j-sØ 16.94 t\-°mƒ A-ev-]w Ip-dhv. Hm¨ -sse≥ am-{X-ap-≈ hm¿-Øm-ÿm-]-\-ß-fn¬ ÿn-Xn A-ev-]w sa®-s∏-´n-´p-≠v˛23.3¬-\n-∂v 24.3 B-bn. ]-{X-ß-fp-sS \yq-kv dq-ap-I-fn¬ 2017˛¬ 39.1 i-X-am-\w h-\n-X-I-fm-Wv. I-gn-™ h¿-jw C-Xv 38.7 B-bncp∂p. sNdn-b h¿-≤-\-bp≠v. Hm¨-sse≥ am-{X-ap-≈ ÿm-]-\-ß-fn¬ ÿnXn- Ip-d-®p-Iq-Sn t`-Z-amWv. Ahn-sS 47.6 i-X-am-\w h-\n-X-I-fp-≠v. A-®-Sn-]-{X-Øn-em-h-s´ A-h-cp-sS km-∂n-≤yw 38.9 i-X-am-\w am-{Xw.

kz-bw sk≥-k-dn-ßn-s‚ Im-ew?

\

-s√m-cp ]-¶v am-[y-a-߃ tZ-io-b-X-e-Øn¬ kw-L-]cn-hm-dn-s‚ {]-Nm-c-I-cpw A-\p-bm-bn-I-fp-sam-s°-bm-bn am-dn-bn-´p-s≠-∂ B-t£-]w h-f-cp-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ ]pXn-b H-cp {]h-W-X Iq-Sn i-‡n-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-s‚ kq-N-\-Iƒ Im-Wp∂p. {]-Jym]n-X kw-L-hn-cp-≤ Nm-\-ep-Iƒ t]mepw `c-W-I-£n-bpsS A-{]o-Xnbpw hn-tcm-[hpw k-ºm-Zn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ kz-¥w te-J-I-cpsS dn-t∏m¿-´p-Iƒ-t]mepw InsN-øp-∂p-h-s{X. G-‰hpw H-Sp-hn¬ B-t£]w D-b¿-∂n-cn-°p∂Xv F≥.Un.Sn.hn.s°-Xn-sc-bm-Wv.

52

HIvtSm_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ 2017

B-t£-]w D-∂-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂-XmI-s´ F≥.Un.Sn.hn. tP-W-en-Ãm-b {io-\n-hm-k≥ sP-bn-\pw. s^-bv-kv-_p-°n-se-gpXn-b Ip-dn-∏n-em-Wv sP-bn≥ F≥.Un.Sn.hn. sk≥-^v sk≥-k-dnßn¬ G¿-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-bn B-tcm-]n-®Xv. _n.sP.]n.A-≤y-£≥ A-an-Xv jm-bp-sS a-I-≥ P-bv jm-bpsS _n-kn\-kv C-S-]m-Sp-Isf-°p-dn-®p-≈ A-t\z-j-W dn-t∏m¿-´v \n-b-a-]-

cn-tim-[-\-bv-s°-∂p ]d-™v F-Sp-Øp-am-‰nb-Xv Nm-\ssk-‰n¬ ]p-\x-ÿm-]n-®-tX-bn√-s{X. ÿm]-\w sX-‰p-Iƒ Xncp-Øp-sa-∂ {]-Xo-£-bn¬ {io-\n-hm-k≥ sP-bn-≥ F≥.Un.Sn.hn.bn¬ X-s∂ Xp-S-cp-I-bm-Wv. F-∂m¬, sP-bn-\n-s‚ B-tcm]-Ww hn-hm-Z-ambn´p≠v.

H-cp h¿-jw ap-ºv F≥.Un.Sn.hn.bp-am-bp-≈ _-‘w hn-t—-Zn-® {]ap-J ]-{X-{]-h¿-Ø-I _¿-JmZ-Øv ]-d-bp∂-Xv F≥.Un.Sn.hn. C-∂p am-{X-a√ bp.]n.F. `c-W-Im-eØpw `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cnI-sf Xr-]v-Xn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ hm¿-Ø-Iƒ kz-bw sk≥-k¿ sN-øm-dp-≠v F-∂mWv. tdm-_¿-´v hm-{Z-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ H-cp dn-t∏m¿´pw k¿-Pn-°¬ kv-ss{S-°v Ime-Øv ]n.Nn-Zw_-c-hp-am-bn \-S-Øn-b A-`n-ap-Jhpw C-Xp-t]m-se D-t]-£n-°s∏-´Xm-bn A-h¿ ]-d-bp-∂p.

2014˛¬ cm-Pn-sh-® \m-h¬ No-^v A-Uv-an-dUn.sI.tPm-jn-bp-am-bn \n-Jn¬ tKmJ-se \-SØn-b C‚¿hyqhpw D-t]-£n-°-s∏-´n-cp∂p. Nm-\¬ C‚¿-hyq kw-t{] j-Ww sNbv-X ti-j-am-Wv Hm¨-sse-\n¬-\n∂-Xv F-Sp-ØpI-f-™Xv. C-Xn-s\-Ø-p-S¿-∂v tKmJ-se cm-Pn-sh-®p. F.sI. B‚-Wn B-bn-cp-∂p A-∂v {]-Xn-tcm-[-a-{¥n. cm-Pn-sh-® No-^v A-Uv-an-d¬ Nn-e {]-Xn-tcm-[-\-b-ß-sf A-`n-ap-J-Øn-¬ hn-a¿-in®n-cp-∂p. bp.]n.F Ime-Øv F-¥pw kw-t{]-j-Ww -sNbv-Xp-t]m∂ Nm-\-ep-Iƒ-°v F≥.Un.F Ime-Øv F-¥n-s\bpw `b-am-sW-∂ \n-e-bm-Wv D-≈Xv. C-Xv Nm-\-ep-Iƒ-°p am-{X-a√ Zn-\]-{X-߃°pw _m-[-I-amWv. A-an-Xv jm ]m¿-´n {]-kn-U‚m-b-t∏mƒ C-¥y≥ cm-{„o-b-Øn-se ]pXn-b A-t[mX-ew F-∂ X-e-s°-´n-se-gpXn-b H-cp hn-a¿-i-\-°p-dn∏vv Un-F≥-F F-∂ {]ap-J Cw-•ojv ]-{X-Øn¬ h-s∂-¶nepw Hm¨-sse-\n¬- D-t]-£n-°-s∏´p. C-t∏mƒ _n.sP.]n. cm-Pyk`mw-Kw B-b kp`m-jv N-{μ-bm-Wv UnF≥-F DS-a. dn-e-b-≥-kv D-S-a-ÿ-X-bn-ep-≈ kn-F≥-F≥ sF-_n-F-∂nA-an-Xv-jm t\-cn-Sp-∂ {In-an-\¬ tI- p-I-sf-°p-dn-®v ]-cm-a¿ihpw A-\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-Sm-dn√. dn-e-b≥-kn-s\ cq-£-am-bn hn-a¿in-°m-dp-≈ Bw-B-Zv-an ]m¿-´n-bp-sS hm-¿-Ø-I-sfm∂pw Xn-c-

s™-Sp-∏p-Ime-Øv Nm-\¬ {]-kn-≤o-I-cn®ncp-∂n√.

2017˛¬ Cu {]hW-X i-‡n-s∏-´-tXbp≈q. h≥In-S tIm¿-∏td-‰v I-º-\n-I-fn¬-\n-∂v hy-Xykv-X ]m¿-´n-I-fnse {]-ap-J t\-Xm-°-∑m¿-°v tIm-g e-`n®-Xp kw-_‘n-® C-¥y≥ F-Iv-kv{]-kv dn-t∏m¿-´v ÿn-co-Icn-°mt\m \n-tj-[n°mt\m X-øm-dm-Im-sX a-‰p am-[y-a-߃ au-\w Zo-£n-°p-I-bm-Wv sN-bvXXv. Kp-P-dm-Øv ap-Jy-a{¥n-bm-bn-cp-∂ \-tc-{μ-tamZn, O-Øo-kvK-Uv ap-Jy-a{¥n c-a≥-kn-ßv, U¬-ln ap-Jya-{¥nbm-bn-cp-∂ jo-em Zo-£n-Øv F-∂n-h¿ B-tcm-]-W-hn-t[-b-cn¬ s]-Sp-∂p.

C-°-tWm-an-Iv B≥-Uv s]m-fn-‰n-°ho-°n-enbn¬ \n-∂p F-Un‰¿ ]-c≥-tPm-bv Kpl Xm-°p¿-Ø cm-Pn-sh-t°-≠n h-∂-Xpw CXp t]m-se H-cp hn-a¿-i-\-teJ-\w {]-kn-≤oI-cn-°p-∂-Xn-s\ am-t\-Pv-sa-‚ v tNmZyw sN-bvX-Xn-s\-Øp-S¿-∂mWv. A-Zm-\n {Kq-∏v B-bn-cp∂p C-hn-sS {]-Xn-ÿm-\Øv. A-Zm-\n {Kq-∏ns\-°p-dn-®p-≈ C-tX B-t£-]w Km¿-Un-b≥ ]{Xw hn-kv-X-cn-®v {]-kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-t∏mƒ A-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®v Xn-I-™ au-\am-Wv C-¥y≥ ]-{X-߃ ]p-e¿-Øn-b-Xv. G-‰-hp-sam-Sp-hn¬ _n.sP.]n. {]-kn U‚ v A-an-Xv jm-bp-sS aI-s‚ hm-Wn-Py-ÿm]-\-Øn-s‚ h-cp-am-\w A-t\-Im-bn-cw Cc-´n h¿-≤n-®-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®p-≈ Zv hb¿ Hm¨-sse\n-s‚ dn-t∏m¿-´n-s\ ]n-¥p-S-cmt\m \n-tj-[n°mt\m t]mepw a-‰p am-[y-a-߃ Xp-\n™n√. _n.sP.]n. ]-£-Øn-\p th-≠n \nc¥-cw hm-sf-Sp-°m-dp-≈ dn-∏-ªn-Iv Nm-\epw H∂pw an-≠n-bn√.

I-S-∏m-Sv : http://www.thehoot.org/freespeech/censorship/a-brief-recent-history-ofmedia-self-censorship-10349 .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

ap-Xn¿∂ am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I\pw tImf-anÃpw tIcf aoUnb A°m-Z-an-bpsS ap≥ sNb¿am-\p-amWv teJ-I≥.

C˛-sabn¬: nprindran@gmail.com HIvtSm_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ 2017

53

t^mt´m ˛ Im¿´q¨ t]mkv‰¿ {]Z¿i\w

tIcf ]{X{]h¿ØI bqWnb≥ kwÿm\ ktΩf\tØmS\p _‘n®v tIcf aoUnb A°mZanbpsS B`napJyØnae∏pdØv \S∂ t^mt´m˛Im¿´q¨, t]mkv‰¿ {]Z¿i\w apJya{¥n ]nWdmbn hnPb≥ ImWp∂p.

tI

cf ]{X{]h¿ØI bqWnb≥ kwÿm\ ktΩf\ tØmS\p_‘n®v tIcf aoUnb A°mZanbpsS B`napJyØn¬ ae∏pdØv t^mt´m˛Im¿´q¨, t]mkv‰¿

{]Z¿i\w kwLSn∏n®p. Ihn aWºq¿ cmP≥ _m_p DZvLmS\w \n¿Δln®p. tIcf aoUnb A°mZan sNb¿am≥ B¿.Fkv. _m_p A[y£X hln®p.

Kucn et¶jns‚ PohnXhpambn _‘s∏´ GItZiw 120 e[nIw Nn{X ߃ {]Z¿i\Øn¬ Dƒs∏SpØnbncp∂p. temIsaºmSpw ]{X{]h¿ØI¿s°Xnsc \S∂ Itø‰ßsf kqNn∏n°p∂ Nn{X ߃, ]pen‰vk¿ kΩm\aS°w \nch[n A¥mcmjv{S ]pckvImc߃ t\Snb t^mt´mIfpw {]Z¿i\Ønep≠mbncp∂p. ]{X{]h¿ØI bqWnb≥ kwÿm\ {]knU‚ v ]n.F. A_vZpK^q¿, sk{I´dn kn. \mcmbW≥, {]kv ¢_v sk{I´dn kptcjv FS∏mƒ, aoUnb A°mZan sk{I´dn sI. Pn. kt¥mjv, UbdIvS¿ Fw. i¶¿ F∂nh¿ kwkmcn®p.

ao-Un-b- Ku-cn e-t¶-jv ]-Xn-∏v {]-Imi-\w sN-bX -v p

ao

-Un-b-bpsS Ku-cn e-t¶-jv ]-Xn-∏v kn.]n.sF.(Fw.) kwÿm\ sk-{I´dn tImSntbcn _meIr-jvW≥ {]Imi\w sN-bvXp. ap≥ Fw.]n ]-∂y≥ c-ho-{μ≥ G-‰p-hmßn. alm-flm-Km-‘n-bpsS h[-Øns‚ XpS¿®-bmWv Kucn et¶-jns‚ sIme-]m-X-I-sa∂v kn.-]n.-sF.-Fw. kwÿm\ sk{I´dn tImSn-tbcn _me-Ir-jvW≥ ]d-™p. Km‘n h[-am-bn-cp∂p BZy `oI-c-hmZ {]h¿Ø-\w. _m_vdn akvPnZv XI¿°¬, KpPdmØv hwi-lXy XpS-ßn-b-hsb√mw XpS¿∂p-≠m-bn. CXns‚ XpS¿®-bmWv kzX-{¥-ambn A`n{]mbw ]d-bp∂ am[ya-{]-h¿ØIsc sIme sNøp-∂-Xv. Cu h¿jw A©v apXn¿∂ am[y-a-{]h¿Ø-I-cmWv sIm√-s∏-´-Xv.- tI-c-fØn¬t]mepw am[ya{]h¿ØI¿°p-t\sc Ak-ln-jvWp-X-bpsS Ic-߃ \ofp-∂p. CXn-s\-Xnsc

54

HIvtSm_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ 2017

ao-Un-b-bpsS Ku-cn e-t¶-jv ]-Xn-∏v kn.]n.sF.(Fw.) kwÿm\ sk-{I´dn tImSntbcn _meIr-jvW≥, ap≥ Fw.]n ]-∂y≥ c-ho-{μ-\v \¬-In {]Imi\w sN-øp∂p.

cmPy-hym-]I {]Xn-tj-[-ap-b-c-Ww. _wKfqcphnse apXn¿∂ am[ya{]h¿ØIbpw BŒnhnÃpambn-cp∂ Kucn et¶jns‚ sIme]mXIØnt\mSp≈ tIcf am[ya kaqlØns‚ {]Xntj [hpw am[yakzmX{¥yØns\Xncmb IS∂m{IaWßtfmSp≈ {]Xntcm[hpam-bmWv aoUnbbpsS {]tXyI ]Xn∏v Xømdm-°n-b-Xv. tIcf aoUnb A°mZan sNb¿am≥ B¿. Fkv. _m_p A≤y£X h-ln®p. I-hn {]-`m-h¿-Ω, Pbvv ln-μv Sn-hn am-t\-Pn-ßv F-Un-‰¿ sI.]n tam-l\≥, A-°m-Z-an- sk-{I-´-dn sI.Pn.k-t¥m-jv, kp-tc-jv sh-≈naw-K-ew, Pn. cm-Po-hv F-∂n-h¿ kw-km-cn®p.

A°m-Zan hm¿Ø-Iƒ

s]m≈p∂ AdnhpIƒ thWw: tUm. cmP≥ Kpcp°ƒ tIcf aoUnb A°mZanbpsS am[ya{]Xn`mkwKaw DZvLmS\w sNøpIbmbncp∂p At±lw. kq£va am[yaKthjWw Xo{hkXyßsf shfnhm°pw. AXv AXni‡amb kmaqly kv-t- ^m S\߃°v hgnsXfn°pw. {]Xy£Øn¬ ImWp∂ ]e kXyßfpw kq£va KthjWØn¬ A{]nb kXyßfmbn ]cnWan°ptºmƒ KthjWw KpW IcamIpsa∂pw cmP≥ Kpcp°ƒ A`n{]mbs∏´p.

tIcf aoUnb A°mZanbpsS am[ya{]Xn`mkwKaw kwÿm\ D∂X hnZym`ymk Iu¨kn¬ IΩoj≥ sNb¿am≥ tUm. cmP≥ Kpcp°ƒ DZvLm-S\w sNøp-∂p.

s]m

s]m≈p∂ Adnhv {]Zm\w sNømØ KthjWw {]XntemaIcamIpsa∂v kwÿm\ D∂X hnZym`ymk Iu¨kn¬ IΩo j≥ sNb¿am≥ tUm. cmP≥ Kpcp°ƒ ]d™p.

tIcf aoUnb A°mZan sNb¿am≥ B¿.Fkv. _m_p A[y£\mbncp∂p. tIcf k¿ΔIemime ap≥ t{]m sshkvNm≥ke¿ tUm. sP. {]`mjv, tUm. ANypXv i¶¿, A°mZan C≥Ãn‰nbq´v Hm^v IayqWnt°j≥ UbdŒ¿ Fw. i¶¿ F∂nh¿ ¢mkpIƒ \bn®p. A°mZan sk{I´dn sI.Pn. kt¥mjv kzmKXhpw amXr`qan k_v FUn‰¿ knkn tP°_v \μnbpw ]d™p.

A°mZan am[ya s^temjn∏n\v A¿lcmb 29 am[ya{]h¿ØI¿ ]s¶SpØp.

Imºkv cmjv{Sobw Bhiyw: s{]m^. Fw.sI. km\p

Im

ºkv cm{„obw aZytam, a‰p elcn ]Zm¿∞ßtfmt]mse h¿Pya√. cm{„obØns‚ adphiw lnwkbpa√. `bamWv ]et∏mgpw {]XnIcWtijn°v hnLmXambn \n¬°p∂ LSIsa∂v {]^. Fw. sI. km\p. tIcf aoUnb A°mZan kwLSn∏n® kv-t- Imf¿ C≥ Imºkv ]cn]mSnbn¬ apJy{]`mjWw \SØpIbmbncp∂p At±lw. hnjen]vXamb cm{„obØns‚ hnebmbn sImSpt°≠n hcp ∂Xv P\m[n]Xy icocØn¬ \n∂p≈ Hcp dmØ≥ amwkambncn°msa∂v At±lw hnZym¿ ∞nIsf Hm¿Ωn∏n®p. \hXnbpsS \ndhnseØn \n¬°p∂ s{]m^k¿ Fw.sI. km\phns\ A°mZan sNb¿am≥ B¿.-F-kv. _m_p s]m∂mSbWn bn®v BZcn®p. {]`mjW Iebv°v ]pXnb am\w \¬Inb km\pamÿ c≠p \q‰m≠pIfpsS {]Xn\n[nbm sW∂v NSßn¬ A[y£X hln® A°mZan sNb¿am≥ B¿.Fkv. _m_p ]d™p. Im¥w Ccpºns\ BI¿jn°p∂Xpt]mse kmlnXy Ønse kq£vamwißsf kzmwioIcn®v hmb\ °m¿°p ap≥]n¬ \ncØnh® PohNcn{XImc≥

tIcf aoUnb A°mZan kwLSn∏n® kv-t- Imf¿ C≥ Imºkv ]cn]mSnbn¬ {]^. Fw.-sI. km\p kwkm-cn-°p-∂p.

IqSnbmWv Fw.sI. km\psh∂v B¿.Fkv. _m_p Nq≠n°m´n.

FdWmIpfw {]kv ¢_v {]knU‚ v Un.Zneo]v km\p amÃsd s]m∂mSbWnbn®v BZcn®p. C≥Ãn‰yq´v Hm^v IayqWnt°j≥ UbdŒ¿ tUm. Fw. i¶¿ kzmKXw ]d™ NSßn¬ A°mZan sk{I´dn sI.Pn. kt¥mjv, ^m°¬‰n AwKßfmb sI. tlaeX, sI. APnXv, hnZym¿∞n {]Xn\n[n {ioe£van Fk.v F∂nh¿ kwkmcn®p.

HIvtSm_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ 2017

55

A°m-Zan hm¿Ø-Iƒ

tZiob h\nXm am[ya {]h¿ØIkwK-aw:

temtKm {]Im-i\w sNbvXp

tI

c-f-ao-Unb A°m-Z-an-bpsS B`n-ap-Jy-Øn¬ kwL-Sn-∏n°p∂ tZiob h\nXm am[y-a-{]-h¿ØIkwK-a-Øns‚ (\m-jW¬ hpa¨ tP¿W-enÃvkv tIm¨t¢-hv) temtKm apJya{¥n ]nW-dmbn hnP-b≥ {]Im-i\w sNbvXp. NSßn¬ tIc-f-ao-Unb A°m-Z-an- sNb¿am≥ B¿.-F-kv. _m_p, sF. & ]n.-B¿.-Un. Ub-d-IvS¿ kp_mjv Sn.-hn., sshkv sNb¿am≥ sI.-kn. cmP-tKm-]m¬, h\nXm am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I-cmb kcnXm h¿Ω, KoXm \ko¿, Fkv. {io-I-e, kc-kzXn \mK-cmP≥, jo\ hn., PÃo\ tXma-kv, A\p-]a Pn. \mb¿, Bi taml≥, sI.bp.Uªp.-sP. Xncp-h-¥-]pcw Pn√m {]kn-U‚ v kptcjv sh≈n-aw-K-ew, A°m-Zan sk{I-´dn sI.-Pn. kt¥mjv F∂n-h¿ k∂n-ln-X-cm-bn-cp-∂p. tIm¨t¢-hn-\mbn \S-Ønb temtKm Unssk-\nßv a’-c-Øn¬ tImgn-t°mSv Ip‰ymSn kztZin-\nbpw am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I-bp-amb k°o\ Sn.-sI. hnP-bn-bm-bn.

tIc-f-ao-Unb A°m-Z-an-bpsS B`n-ap-Jy-Øn¬ kwL-Sn-∏n-°p∂ tZiob h\nXm am[y-a-{]-h¿ØI kwK-a-Øns‚ (\m-jW¬ hpa¨ tP¿W-enÃvkv tIm¨t¢-hv) temtKm apJy-a{¥n ]nW-dmbn hnP-b≥ {]Im-i\w sNø∂p.

F≥. am[-h≥ Ip´n, sI.-Pn. tPymXn¿tLm-jv, sI.-cm-P-tKm-]m¬, sI. tla-eX F∂n-h-c-S-ßnb IΩ-‰nbmWv Adp-]-tXmfw t]¿ ]s¶-SpØ a’-c-Øns‚ hn[n-\n¿Æbw \S-Ønb-Xv. tZio-b-X-e-Øn¬ kv{Xo]-£am-[ya\b cq]o-I-c-W-Øn-\p≈ \btcJ t{Im-Uo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ apt∂mSn-bm-bmWv tZiob h\nXm am[y-a -{]-h¿ØI kwKaw kwL-Sn-∏n-°p∂-Xv. P\p-hcn Ah-km-\hmcw tImgn-t°mSv \S°p∂ ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ apJya{¥n ]nW-dmbn hnP-b≥, tIc-f-Øn-sebpw CX-c-kwÿm-\-ß-fn-sebpw {]apJ h\n-Xm- am-[ya {]h¿Ø-I¿, kmaq-ly-˛-kmw-kvIm-cnI cwKsØ {]ap-J¿ F∂n-h¿ ]s¶-Sp-°pw. s\‰vh¿°v Hm^v hpa¨ C≥ aoUn-b, tImgn-t°mSv {]kv¢-∫v, sI.bp.Uªp.sP., h\n-Xm-IΩo-j≥, bqØv IΩo-j≥, kwkvIr-Xn-`-h≥ F∂n-hcpsS kl-I-c-W-tØm-sSbmWv A°m-Zan ]cn-]mSn kwL-Sn-∏n°p-∂-Xv.

aoUnb A°m-Z-an-bn¬ tIcf∏ndhn BtLmjn®p

tI

cf aoUnb A°m-Z-an-bn¬ tIc-f-∏n-dhn Zn\m-tLm-j-hpambn _‘-s∏´v "`mj kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ Xmt°m¬' F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ cXn-ta-t\m≥ {]`mjWw \S-Øn. hnZym¿∞nIƒ°mbn \SØnb a’cßfn¬ {]n≥kv amXyp tXmakv, Aley hn.B¿ (D]\ymkcN\), kqcytamƒ atli≥, A\p Fw.B¿ (sNdpIY), A\μp taml≥, Pnt\jv hn.Fkv (t^t´m{K^n), kzmXn kzman\mYv, ssat{Xbn Fkv. ]Wn°¿ (IhnXmcN\), {]oXnjv ssh, tPmkv-t- am≥ h¿Kokv (Im¿´q¨) F∂nh¿ kΩm\Øn\v A¿lX t\Sn. dneb≥kv IayqWnt°j≥ tIcf amt\P¿ sI.Pn. tPymXn¿tLmjv kΩm\Zm\w \n¿hln®p. apXn¿∂

56

HIvtSm_¿ ˛ \hw-_¿ 2017

am[ya{]h¿ØIcmb ]n. kpPmX≥, cmtP{μ≥ ]pXnbSØv, tZim-`n-am\n _yqtdm No^v Un. Zneo]v F∂nh¿ hn[n I¿Øm°fmbncp∂p. tIcf aoUnb A°mZan C≥Ãn‰yq´v Hm^v IayqWnt°j≥ UbdŒ¿ tUm.Fw. i¶¿ NSßn¬ A[y£X hln®p. ^m°¬‰n AwKßfmb sI. tlaeX, sI. APnXv, hnZym¿∞nIfmb {ioe£van Fkv, kqcytamƒ atli≥, _nZn≥ Fw. Zmkv F∂nh¿ kwkmcn®p.

A°m-Zan hm¿Ø-Iƒ

A`n{]mbw Xpd∂p ]dbp∂h¿ \ni–cm°s∏Sp∂p: Fw.]n. hotc{μIpam¿ cy߃ Xpd∂p ]dbp∂h¿s°Xnsc AXn{Ia߃ \S°p∂ ImeL´ØnemWv \mw Pohn°p∂sX∂v amXr`qan ]{XØns‚ amt\PnwKv FUn‰dpw ]m¿esa‚wKhpamb Fw.]n. hotc{μIpam¿ ]d™p. \msa¥v `£Ww Ign°Ww F¥p ]dbWw F∂v \n›bn°p∂Xv a‰p tI{μß fmWv. ho´n¬ hnf°mtWm, sagpIpXncnbmtWm IØnt°≠Xv F∂Xv t]mepw X¿°hnjbamWv. A`n{]mbw Xpd∂p ]dbp∂h¿ \ni–cm°s∏Sp∂p. {]Xntj[n°p∂ i–w t\¿ØXmsW¶nepw sNdpØp \n¬°pIXs∂ thWw - hotc{μIpam¿

Im

A`n{]mbs∏´p. kzX{¥Nn¥Icpw am[ya {]h¿ØIcpw \ni–cm°s∏Sp∂ ]›mØe Øn¬ Pm{KXbpsS i–w Db¿∂p htc≠Xp s≠∂v kZ ns\ kzmKXw sNbvXpsIm≠v s{]m^. sI.hn. tXmakv Fw.]n. ]d™p. aebmf]{XtemIsØ s{]m^jWssekv sNbvX hy‡nbmWv F≥.F≥. kXy{hXs\∂v NSßn¬ A[y£X hln® A°mZan sNb¿am≥ B¿.Fkv. _m_p A\pkvacn®p. amXr`qanbpsS apJhpw i‡nbpw i–hp ambncp∂p \√ t{SUv bqWnb≥ t\XmhpIqSnbm

tIcf aoUnb A°mZanbn¬ \n∂v 2015˛16 h¿jØn¬ H∂mw dm¶p t\Snb hnZym¿∞nIƒ°mbn s{]m^. sI.hn. tXmakv hnZym[\w {SÃv G¿s∏SpØnb F≥.F≥. kXy{hX≥ Ahm¿Uv Zm\-N-S-ßn¬ amXr-`qan amt\PnwKv FUn-‰dpw ]m¿e-sa‚ v AwK-hp-amb Fw.-]n. hotc-{μ-Ip-am¿ kwkm-cn-°p-∂p.

A`n{]mbs∏´p. tIcf aoUnb A°mZanbn¬ \n∂v 2015˛16 h¿jØn¬ H∂mw dm¶p t\Snb hnZym¿∞n Iƒ°mbn s{]m^. sI.hn. tXmakv hnZym[\w {SÃv G¿s∏SpØnb F≥.F≥. kXy{hX≥ Ahm¿Uv kΩm\n°pIbmbncp∂p At±lw.

F≥. F≥. kXy{hX≥ Hcp hy‡nbmbncp ∂n√; Hcp {]ÿm\w Xs∂bmbncp∂psh∂pw P\ßfpambn ASpØ_‘w ]pe¿Ønb ]{X {]h¿ØI\mbncp∂psh∂pw amXr`qanbnkXy{hX≥ {]h¿Øn® Imew Hm¿sØSpØp sIm≠v hotc{μIpam¿ ]d™p. am[yatemIw Ccp≠ImeL´ØneqsSbmWv s]mbv-s- °m≠ncn°p∂sX∂v hnZym[\w {SÃns‚ amt\PnwKv {SÃn s{]m^. sI.hn. tXmakv Fw.]n.

bncp∂ kXy{hXs\∂v A\pkvacW{]`mjW Øn¬ {]apJ am[ya{]h¿ØI≥ tP°_v tPm¿Pv ]d™p. A°mZan sk{I´dn sI.Pn. kt¥mjv kwkmcn®p. tP¿Wenkw & IayqWnt°j≥ hn`mK Øn¬ Fkv. cmwIpam¿, sSenhnj≥ tP¿W enkØn¬ A£b sI.]n, ]ªnIv dntej≥kv & AUz¿ssSknMn¬ sP. tZhoIrjvW F∂nh¿ kz¿ÆsaUepw Imjv Ahm¿Upw G‰phmßn.

A°mZan ap≥ sNb¿am≥ hn.]n. cmaN{μ≥, apXn¿∂ am[ya{]h¿ØI≥ ]n. cmP≥, A°mZan am[yahnZym¿∞nIƒ F∂nh¿ kw_‘n® NS ßn\v tIcf sslt°mSXn ko\nb¿ A`n`mj I≥ F≥.F≥. kpKpW]me≥ \μn {]Imin∏n®p.

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57

temIw I≠ hc A¥¿t±iob am[yacwKsØ {]ikvXamb Im¿´qWpIƒ ]cnNbs∏SpØpIbmWv Cu ]w‡nbn¬. amXr`qan Im¿´qWnÃmb tKm]oIrjvW\mWv Ch Xncs™SpØv AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv.

se

h-\okv kznkv Im¿´q-WnÃmb ]m{SnIv se sSw]vkv, \qhu kq¿®¿ skbvSpMv, C‚¿\m-j-W¬ \yqtbm¿°v ssSwkv F∂n-h-bv°p-th≠n Im¿´q¨ cN-\-bn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂p.

]m{SnIv N∏mt‰ tKm]oIrjvWs‚ C˛sabn¬: cartoonistgopikrishnan@gmail.com Printed and Published by K. G. Santhosh, Secretary, Kerala Media Academy, Published from Kerala Media Academy, Kakkanad, Kochi – 682 030; Printed at Kerala Books and Publications Society, Kakkanad; Editor: R. S. Babu

58

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em≥Uv t^mt´m-{K-^d- mb am‰nIv tkmam\v 2016-˛se thƒUv {]kv t^mt´m a’-c-Øn¬ "]o∏nƒ' hn`m-K-Øn¬ H∂mw ÿm\w t\Sn-s°m-SpØ Nn{Xw. sk¿_n-bb - nse {]nk¿thm A`-bm¿∞n Iymºn\p ap∂n¬ cPn-kvt{S-j\p ImØp-\n¬°p∂-h¿°n-S-bn¬ \n∂p≈ Zriyw.

{^o am‰nIv tkmam≥

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59