23/24 Integrated Digital Design - Residential Element 2 Report
Shui Kei Cheung, Kiki | 23141075 | 9 May 2024
Contents
Graphical data
Non-graphical data
Technical documents
Identify different types of data and information (graphical, non-graphical and technical documents) within the context of your discipline. Identify how each will be used, equivalent to (500 words).
PAS1192-2, a BSI-published specification for information management (was replaced by BS EN ISO 19650 in 2018), defined that the Building Information Model (BIM) is a combination of graphical data, non-graphical data and technical documents stored and managed in a shared digital space known as Common Data Environment (CDE). The amount of data attached to the model element is aligned with the information required at different project stages (Montague, 2016)..
Graphical Data can be in 2D or 3D format. It is the IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) model, a 3D object that is built with rooms, spaces and all other components to create a virtual building model that provides visual references in context and location. The objects are computerised in physical size and are connected to each other on a point basis to establish their relationships. They act as placeholders to bear the non-graphical data that provides links to further information in other various formats like specifications or a collection of documents. The Level of Detail (LOD) defines the required depth of information and precision attached to the BIM model to enable smooth collaboration throughout project stages from design coordination, and fabrication to facility management. Examples of graphical data such as geo-/spatially located rooms and spaces, zones, building components (e.g. walls, floors, roofs, doors), curtain wall /window systems, architectural features, topographical features, foundations, etc. (Montague, 2016).
Non-graphical Data, in an object-based virtual building model (BIM), is the digital attributes of the objects. In every construction project, from building components and materials to building systems and products, there is so much information to be organised and needs to gain access in an easy reliable way that marks the importance of digitalisation in the form of non-graphical data. The Level of Information (LOI) defines the required amount of non-graphical data to be provided at different stages of the project. The rule of thumb is that anything that is required for analysis, monitoring, searching, procuring, and reporting in the project is a digital attribute. Examples of non-graphical data such as product manuals, supplier/manufacturers’ contact info, material, fire resistance class, colour, cost, etc. Apart from the construction phase, the data also plays a critical role in the Operation and Maintenance phase of a building’s life cycle where maintenance tasks, spare parts, tools and resources are attached and easily obtained (Montague, 2016)
Technical Documents unlike data, are long text-based narratives like specifications, reports, manuals, or even officially “endorsed” documents, etc , they serve the purpose of building development records to be referred to when needed. Digitalized document improves searchability and manageability due to being machine-readable when compared to old paper formats. A well-managed and structured Common Data Environment is required as a central repository for storing these documents through clear file-naming conventions and carefully managed approvals workflows. Examples of Technical documents such as contracts, project stage reports, method statements, risk assessments, RFI’s, regulatory applications/submissions/approvals/certificates (disability access, fire safety, building control and planning), tendering documents, payment certificates, technical & material specifications, etc. (Montague, 2016)
The three categories of data and information do not only exist since the BIM model was used, but in fact, have been the basis for any projects that look for success in all project stages from planning, and
design to operation and final decommissioning. The understanding of each helps to maintain the manageability, exchangeability and accessibility of a project making construction easier and better.
References:
- Montague, R. (2016) Building information modelling: What information is in the Model?, NBS. Available at: https://www.thenbs.com/knowledge/building-information-modelling-what-information-isin-the-model (Accessed: 30 April 2024).
