WCI Newsletter 2021 7 Politics and Isotopes - 10 Years after Fukushima and the Politics of Tritium

01.Lead Article

Politics and Isotopes: 10 Years After Fukushima and the Politics of Tritium

2021 July

Paul T. Dickman

Vol.10 – Issue 7

Senior Policy Fellow Argonne National Laboratory, USA President- Elect, World Council on Isotopes

01 Lead Article

1

02 Isotope-related News

8

The following report related to the Fukushima

03 Sketches from the Secretariat

18

Daiichi’s reactors’ disaster and its aftermath, is an

04 Future Conferences and Events

28

independent view by the author. The WCI does

Jong Kyung Kim President Nigel Stevenson Immediate Past President Paul Dickman President-Elect Bernard Ponsard Chair, Industrial Applications Keon Wook Kang Chair, Medical Applications Timothy Payne Chair, Environmental Applications Carlo R. ChemalyChair, Info.Exchange& Cooperation Syed M. Qaim Chair, Education and Training Meera Venkatesh Chair, Publication Paul Dickman Chair, ICI Coordination Ira N. Goldman Chair, Long-Term Funding Woo-Geun Song Secretary-General

not necessarily endorse or reject the opinions or conclusions expressed in this article.

It has been ten years since the Great Tōhoku Earthquake and its ensuing tsunami damaged the Fukushima Daiichi’s reactors and destroyed much of the surrounding region. The painstaking work of decommissioning and restoring the Fukushima Daiichi site is progressing slowly. Hampering

WCI Secretariat 18F Seoul Forest IT Valley 77 Seongsuil-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea TEL: +82-2-3490-7150 Email: secretary@wci-ici.org www.wci-ici.org

WORLD COUNCIL ON ISOTOPES

progress is the disposition of treated water currently stored on-site in over 1000 tanks. This water needs to be discharged, and the tanks 1

removed. Unfortunately, domestic and international opposition to the discharging of the treated tank water is being driven by misinformation and politics.

Putting Things in Context It is important to put what happened in Japan ten years ago in context. There was a reactor accident that captured the world’s attention, but there were hundreds of thousands of people who lost everything due to the earthquake and tsunami. Their misery was only compounded by the reactor accident at Fukushima. For most of the world, the focus was on the reactors at Fukushima Daiichi, not on the devastation that occurred in the region and the rescue and recovery efforts. Often overlooked are how the domestic and international relief efforts were hampered by misinformation about the reactor accident and radiation releases, a legacy that continues to this day.

It needs to be recognized that this was a massive natural disaster with nearly 20,000 dead and still 2500 missing. Some of the missing were swept out to sea by the receding waters of the tsunami and will never be seen again. In one seaside village in Iwa te Prefecture, 7% of the population has been lost, either killed or missing. The buildings and homes destroyed and damaged displaced hundreds of thousands from the Tohoku region. The social and economic impact will last for generations.

In the Fukushima Prefecture, there was the triple impact from the earthquake, tsunami, and evacuation due to the reactor accident. Almost 100,000 homes were damaged or destroyed and over 2,000 were killed or are missing. While no one died from radiation releases as a result of the accident, at least 1600 people died because of the evacuation.

Most of the victims were elderly patients moved to evacuation centers that were unable to support their medical needs due to the devastation in the region.

Ten years on, the region is still recovering, but there is something the statistics do not reveal; the disruption to the lives of the evacuees which number over 160 thousand, many for 5 years or more. Some have yet to return home, many will never return; they have moved on with their lives. When you consider the extent of damage to the region

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and destruction to the infrastructure from roads to utilities, and even for very basic needs, you must admire the efforts of the Central and Prefectural governments. This has focused on rebuilding civic facilities like municipal town halls and schools, but many remain nearly empty and underutilized because the economy of the region remains depressed.

The Fukushima Prefecture was well recognized in Japan for its agriculture. The rice grown there made award winning Sake. In fact, the 2019 Sake from Fukushima Prefecture won the most gold prizes at the Japan Sake Awards for a record-breaking 7th year in a row!

After the accident, the agricultural economy collapsed, but it has rebounded strongly in part because of the extensive and transparent food testing and safety programs by the Japanese Ministry of Health. However, there is one sector that has not recovered, which is the fisheries industry due to contaminated water from Fukushima.

Tritiated Water During the accident, and for several weeks afterwards, leaking water and groundwater runoff spread contamination in the marine environment near the site. Immediate and essential actions were taken to embargo fishing in the area together with aggressive measures to capture and contain the contaminated water. The contaminated waters, which were treated removing the majority of radionuclides, are still stored in onsite tanks. These efforts are on-going and well-documented. https://www.meti.go.jp/english/earthquake/nuclear/decommissioning/index.html After treating the contaminated water, one isotope remains - tritium, a naturally occurring hydrogen isotope contained in everything that embodies water. All nuclear reactors produce and discharge tritium, but tritium is also produced in nature through cosmic rays striking nitrogen molecules in the upper atmosphere. Everything that contains water takes in some level of tritium and always has. The greatest reservoir of tritium is found in seawater and rivers. The oceans contain billions of TBq of tritium at WORLD COUNCIL ON ISOTOPES

3

very diluted levels (~700 Bq/m3). The annual discharges of tritium from all of the world’s nuclear reactors represents a fraction of what is already in the oceans.

At the Fukushima site there is about 1.2 million cubic meters of stored water, containing approximately 860 TBq of tritium. This seems like a large amount radioactivity, but by comparison, the United States discharges almost double that amount from its array of nuclear reactors every year, and in 2018 the French reprocessing facility at La Hague discharged over 11,400 TBq. Table 1: Representative Approximate Tritium Discharges.

Country

Liquid (TBq)

Gaseous (TBq)

Fukushima Daiichi- 2010

2.2

1.5

Sendai -2020

55

0.8

Diablo Canyon - 2019

82

2.7

New Brunswick - 2019

3.7

6.0

Darlington - 2018

220

210

Bruce - 2019

756

994

Wolseong - 2018

25

110

Kori - 2018

50

16

China

Sanmen - 2020

20

0.4

Taiwan

Maanshan – 2015

35

9.4

France

La Hague Reprocessing Plant -2018

11,400

60

United Kingdom

Sellafield Reprocessing Plant – 2019

423

56

Japan

United States

Canada

Korea

Station or Plant/Year

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4

For all the years the reactors at Fukushima Daiichi operated, they safely discharged tritium into the air and sea. Every nation with nuclear reactors by the sea discharges tritium into the seawater, as is the standard practice.

Treated Water Release For the Fukushima site, releasing the stored treated water into to the sea remains the most practical, safe, and environmentally sound method of disposal. Over the past several years, every major international organization involved in nuclear safety and health has recommended the treated water be discharged into the sea. However, the Japanese government has hesitated for several reasons - some technical, but others social and/or political. The impact on the reputation of the local fisheries industry has been a major consideration as was the plan for the 2020 Olympics. But these do not change the basic facts that any discharge into the sea is both standard practice and the most environmentally sound means of disposing of the treated water.

In April 2021, the Japanese government finally announced its decision to discharge the treated water into the sea and established criteria which would highly dilute the discharges below that for the standards set for drinking water. The decision was met with extreme criticism both domestically and internationally, which has not been based on factual evidence, ignoring the real risk of not moving forward with decommissioning.

South Korea, one of the largest critics of the Japanese decision has 24 reactors in operation, including 3 heavy water reactors. Its annual discharges are equal to about 40% of the stored tritium at Fukushima. China, which has led the international condemnation of this decision is silent on their own tritium discharges which exceed those of South Korea. The simple fact is that all nuclear power plants safely discharge diluted quantities of tritiated waste into waters under the supervision of respective regulatory authorities. The tritiated water at Fukushima has become a surrogate for the many regional political and economic grievances against Japan.

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Politics and Isotopes What is most unfortunate is that the efforts to attack the decision to release the treated water will ultimately undermine nuclear safety authorities across the globe. My personal experience with both the Chinese and Korean nuclear safety organizations is very positive. I have found them to be highly trained and qualified professionals dedicated to insuring public health and safety. Yet when their governments attack Japanese practices - the same practices routinely authorized and conducted in their own countries - how will they retain public confidence?

I have often expressed my concerns that the Japanese government has failed to publicly communicate their efforts and consequently they have not captured the trust of the public in general. This has hampered their decommissioning efforts and made them vulnerable to further domestic and international criticism. https://www.jaif.or.jp/journal/feature/fukushima10/en/contribution/vol2.html Conclusion and Recommendations The World Council on Isotopes does not engage in or endorse politics. We are an independent voice supporting the beneficial use and production of isotopes that benefit human health and the environment. But as an organization we have the professional responsibility to correct misinformation. Over the coming months, much will be said about the release of the treated water at Fukushima. But the fact remains the Japanese have made the correct decision and they deserve the support of the international technical community. However, there is an old American saying that is “Trust, but verify” and I have the following basic recommendations: 1) The Japanese government should invite open inspection and auditing of their food safety and inspection program by international counterpart agencies.

2) The Japanese Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NRA) should extend invitations to their international counterparts to participate in the review and inspection of the WORLD COUNCIL ON ISOTOPES

6

Fukushima treated water discharge plans.

3) The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) should allow for observers to make their assessments and inspections of the discharges.

I believe the path to addressing misinformation lies with our national safety authorities because they will ultimately suffer the consequences of public distrust. The WCI and other organizations should support open, transparent, and factual discourse on all matters affecting isotopes. We should not forget that politics and opinions are not substitutes for facts.

To Contents

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02. Isotope-related News Department of Energy to Provide $2 Million for Studies to Accelerate the Evaluation of Novel, Medically Relevant Isotopes for Use in Pre-clinical and Clinical Medical Trials The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced up to $2 million in new funding to support translational research and development (R&D) of novel, medically relevant isotopes to accelerate evaluation for usage in pre-clinical and clinical trials. The new funds will be provided as part of a key federal program that produces critical radioisotopes otherwise unavailable or in short supply for U.S. science, medicine, national security, and industry, known as the DOE Isotope Program.

To read more please visit: https://www.energy.gov/science/articles/department-energy-provide-2-millionstudies-accelerate-evaluation-novel-medically Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science

NorthStar Medical Radioisotopes Enters U.S. Supply Agreement for Commercial Supply of Therapeutic Radioisotope Copper-67 (Cu-67) Exclusively to Clarity Pharmaceuticals for its Targeted Copper Theranostics Programs Cu-67 is a beta-emitting radioisotope with clinical applications as a radiopharmaceutical to directly target and deliver therapeutic doses of radiation to destroy cancer cells in patients .

NorthStar Medical Radioisotopes, LLC, a global company engaged

in the development,

production and commercialization of radiopharmaceuticals used for therapeutic applications and medical imaging, and Clarity Pharmaceuticals, a clinical stage radiopharmaceutical company focused on the treatment of serious disease, today

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announced the signing of a Master Supply Agreement for the therapeutic radioisotope copper-67 (Cu-67). Under the agreement, NorthStar will supply Cu-67 exclusively to Clarity Pharmaceuticals as an active pharmaceutical ingredient used to support Clarity’s Targeted Copper Theranostics (TCT) programs.

To read more please visit: https://www.claritypharmaceuticals.com/news/northstar/ Source: Clarity Pharmaceuticals

Northern Indiana business making isotopes to create ripple effect AZIotopes, a new company in Indiana is hitting the ground running in using subatomic particles to treat people with various medical conditions, and it could have a ripple effect in the employing of more Hoosiers.

AZIsotopes is a life sciences company that makes isotopes that can be used by hospitals to treat people with cancer and can be used in diagnostic imaging.

The CEO Greg Brooksby credited congresswoman Jackie Walorski for

enabling the

experts from Europe to travel to the U.S. to help them get their massive cyclotron up and running.

He recently announced on Inside Indiana Business that their equipment is nearly ready to start mass producing isotopes, while pointing out that demand is high.

To read more please visit: https://www.953mnc.com/2021/05/30/northern-indiana-business-making-isotopesto-create-ripple-effect/ Source: 93.5MNC

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Fusion

Pharmaceuticals

Enters

Into

Agreement

To

Build

Radiopharmaceutical Manufacturing Facility Fusion Pharmaceuticals Inc., a clinical-stage oncology company focused on developing next-generation radiopharmaceuticals as precision medicines, recently announced it has entered into a 15-year lease agreement with Hamilton, Ontario-based McMaster University to build a 27,000 square foot current Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) compliant radiopharmaceutical manufacturing facility. The facility, to be built by McMaster and equipped and validated by Fusion, will be designed to support the manufacturing of the company's growing pipeline of targeted alpha therapies (TATs).

Fusion expects the manufacturing facility to be operational by early 2024.

To read more please visit: https://ir.fusionpharma.com/2021-06-02-Fusion-Pharmaceuticals-Enters-intoAgreement-to-Build-Radiopharmaceutical-Manufacturing-Facility Source: Fusion Pharmaceuticals

Best Cyclotron Systems, a TeamBest Global Company, Announces Upgrade of their Best 35–70 MeV Proton Cyclotron to 1000 µA Best Cyclotron Systems (BCS) was happy to introduce their high energy Best 35–70 MeV Proton Cyclotron (B35–70p) for research, industrial, green-energy and medical radioisotope production applications. The high energy cyclotron would enable production of radionuclides by (p,xn) reactions both for research as well as routine radioisotope production. TeamBest Global (TBG) will partner with the end-user to create a facility that will satisfy the end user's requirements and provide some of TBG's radioisotope supply requirements, together with the opportunity for joint research projects. Both solid and gas target systems can be added to the B35–70p System. The B35–70p Cyclotron is supplied with liquid, solid as well as gas target stations that can be operated at high current (up to 1000 µA). The first system of its kind has been installed in INFN, Legnaro, Italy and is currently functional. This has a simple, easy-to-

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maintain design with external ion sources.

To read more please visit: https://www.einnews.com/pr_news/543393171/best-cyclotron-systems-a-teambest-globalcompany-announces-upgrade-of-their-best-35-70-mev-proton-cyclotron-to-1000-a Source: EIN Presswire

Michigan State welcomes the Arrival of World-leading Cyclotron Technology Michigan State University and global theranostics, health care technology innovator Bold Advanced Medical Future, or BAMF, Health have, recently, announced the delivery of two advanced GE PETtrace 890 cyclotrons at the Doug Meijer Medical Innovation Building. The arrival classifies the facility, which is located at the base of the Medical Mile in the downtown Grand Rapids Innovation Park, as the most modern and advanced dual-cyclotron radio-pharmacy in the world.

The 12,000 square foot radio-pharmacy, when operating at full capacity, will support the growing diagnostic and therapeutic needs of thousands of cancer patients both from West Michigan and around the country. The cyclotrons will complement the world’s most advanced molecular imaging clinic and the world’s most advanced theranostics clinic.

To read more please visit: https://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2021/michigan-state-arrival-of-cyclotron-technology Source: Michigan State University

IBA launches Versatile High-Energy Cyclotron IKON IBA (Ion Beam Applications S.A., EURONEXT), the world's leading provider of solutions for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, recently launched its new high energy, highcapacity cyclotron. The Cyclone® IKON offers the largest energy spectrum for PET and

WORLD COUNCIL ON ISOTOPES

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SPECT isotopes from 13 MeV to 30 MeV. The Cyclone® IKON was showcased during a virtual live event and the replay can be watched at the site below.

To read more please visit: https://www.dotmed.com/news/story/55070 Source: HealthCare Business News

SHINE Medical announces Agreement with MURR SHINE Medical Technologies LLC recently announced that it has entered a multi-year contract with the University of Missouri Research Reactor, for irradiation of ytterbium176, the starting material for the production of ‘no carrier added’ grade lutetium-177 (Lu-177), a therapeutic isotope that has shown great promise for improving patient outcomes for a range of cancers.

Lu-177 is a low-energy beta-particle emitter that works by directly irradiating cancer cells after being delivered to the cancer site by a targeting molecule. Energy from Lu177 only travels a short distance once it reaches cancer cells, enabling the isotope to destroy those cells with little damage to surrounding tissue. Lu-177-based therapy has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of neuroendocrine cancers. It also shows promise for the treatment of other cancers, including metastatic prostate, breast, liver, and brain cancers.

To read more please visit: https://shinemed.com/shine-medical-announces-agreement-with-murr/ Source: Shine Medical

Lifesaving

Nuclear

Medicine

Applications

Deserve

Better

Recognition and Support at EU level FORATOM, the Brussels-based trade association for the nuclear energy industry in

WORLD COUNCIL ON ISOTOPES

12

Europe, made up of 15 national nuclear associations representing nearly 3,000 firms acts as the voice of the European nuclear industry in energy policy discussions with EU Institutions and other key stakeholders. A joint position paper was issued on 14th June 2021 by FORATOM and Nuclear Medicine Europe, urging the European Union to promote new research reactor capacity along with innovation in the sector and the design modification of the current fleet, in line with its Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan, to maintain the current level of medical radioisotopes supply.

The position paper highlights that every year, more than 9 million patients in Europe benefit from nuclear medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of illnesses such as cancer and cardiovascular or neurological disorders and explains the technicalities of nuclear medicine, presents the scope of the current nuclear medicine sector in the European Union as well as highlighting the challenges that have to be overcome both at regulatory and supply chain levels.

To read more please visit: https://www.foratom.org/press-release/lifesaving-nuclear-medicine-applicationsdeserve-better-recognition-and-support-at-eu-level/ Source: FORATOM

Use of Radioactive Materials in Commercial Applications Has Increased by 30 Percent; Government Should Improve Security and Support Development of Alternatives, Says New Report The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine has published a report mentioning that the use of high-risk radioactive materials in medical, research, and commercial applications has increased by about 30 percent in the U.S. in the last 12 years, and the government should improve security, tracking, and accountability to reduce health and security risks — while also supporting the development of nonradioactive alternatives to replace them. —. The report refers to the publication

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13

entitled ‘Radioactive Sources: Applications and Alternative Technologies’ which mentions that the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s (NRC) system for categorizing and regulating these radioactive materials fails to adequately protect society, and should be overhauled to take into account the long-term health impacts and socioeconomic effects of possible misuse or malicious use — such as in a “dirty bomb” scenario.

Radioactive materials are used commercially in a wide range of applications, such as treating blood before transfusion, sterilizing medical devices, treating cancer, exploring geological formations, and finding oil and gas deposits. The responsibility of securing these materials falls to the universities, hospitals, and commercial facilities that use them. If these materials are mishandled, or if they are used maliciously, they have the potential to cause billions of dollars of damage. There would be a huge economic impact, large scale cleanups, and loss of access to affected areas — even if only small amounts of the material are involved.

A previous National Academies report on commercial applications of radiological materials published in 2008 called on the government to accelerate the replacement of cesium chloride — a material of greater concern than other radiological sources — because it was widely used, soluble, and dispersible, and therefore could potentially be used in terrorism. The new report published finds some progress has been made since 2008 in replacing cesium irradiators with X-ray technology for blood treatment and research. However, no progress has been made in replacing cesium chloride from applications such as calibration systems used for radiation monitoring equipment.

To read more please visit: https://www.nationalacademies.org/news/2021/06/use-of-radioactive-materials-incommercial-applications-has-increased-by-30-percent-government-should-improvesecurity-and-support-development-of-alternatives-says-new-report Source: The National Academies of Sciences Engineering Medicine WORLD COUNCIL ON ISOTOPES

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In fight against Wildlife Trafficking, Brazil Police Turn to Nuclear Science In Brazil, as in many other biodiverse countries around the world, the commercial trade of some species of wildlife is allowed — as long as the animal was bred in captivity and not captured from the wild. But identifying illegally captured wild animals in the possession of authorized breeders has always been a challenge for government agencies in Brazil. In many cases, proof of fraud is only possible through laboratory analysis, but operations to identify wildlife trafficking rarely have access to such technology.

Stable isotope analysis works on the basis that chemical elements can have different compositions of the stable isotopes of that element, depending on the source from where it originates.. The ratios of these stable isotopes to one another vary by region.

Hence, finding the isotope ratio of a certain element in the food ingested by an animal, say, from its fur can provide valuable information of its origin and is the equivalent to a barcode that can point to where it came from. Brazil is planning to use stable isotope techniques in operations to identify wildlife trafficking.

To read more please visit: https://news.mongabay.com/2021/06/in-fight-against-wildlife-trafficking-brazilpolice-turn-to-nuclear-science/ Source: MONGABAY

Clovis Oncology Announces LuMIERE Clinical Trial Evaluating Novel Peptide-Targeted Radionuclide Therapy FAP-2286 Now Open For Enrollment Clovis Oncology, Inc. (USA) recently announced that the first clinical site for the Phase 1/2 LuMIERE study of FAP-2286, its novel peptide-targeted radionuclide therapy and WORLD COUNCIL ON ISOTOPES

15

imaging agent targeting fibroblast activation protein (FAP), is now open at the O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center at The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB).

The O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center at UAB is among the leading cancer research institutions of the USA and one of only 51 comprehensive cancer centers designated by the National Cancer Institute.

The Phase 1 portion of the LuMIERE study will evaluate the safety of the FAP-targeting investigational therapeutic agent and identify the recommended Phase 2 dose and schedule of lutetium-177 labeled FAP-2286 (177Lu-FAP-2286). FAP-2286 labeled with gallium-68 (68Ga-FAP-2286) will be utilized as an investigational imaging agent to identify patients with FAP-positive tumors appropriate for treatment with the therapeutic agent. Once the Phase 2 dose is determined, Phase 2 expansion cohorts are planned in multiple tumor types.

To read more please visit: https://ir.clovisoncology.com/investors-and-news/news-releases/press-releasedetails/2021/Clovis-Oncology-Announces-LuMIERE-Clinical-Trial-Evaluating-NovelPeptide-Targeted-Radionuclide-Therapy-FAP-2286-Now-Open-forEnrollment/default.aspx Source: CLOVIS Oncology

NEW CRP: Improving Efficiency of National Livestock Breeding Programs Using Nuclear and Related Genomic Information – Practical Applications in Developing Countries The IAEA is launching a 5-year Coordinated Research Project (CRP) on applying nuclear and related genomic technologies for enhancing the efficiency of national dairy cattle breeding programs to improve productivity and adaptability of local genetic stock. Three major dairy animal species, namely cattle, buffalo and camel, will be targeted. The CRP will help to develop nuclear and related genomic tools/resources (e.g. cost effective

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16

DNA chips for genotyping, reference population for

locally available breeds,

radiolabelled biomarker assay for early pregnancy diagnosis, etc.) and establish strategies to incorporate genomic information for the selection and breeding of dairy animals.

The CRP will comprise of 10 Research Contract (RC) holders from developing countries, three Technical Contract (TC) holders and four Research Agreement (RA) holders from laboratories engaged in advanced animal genetics and breeding research. Nuclear techniques involving isotopes such as Cobalt-60 (radiation hybrid mapping), Carbon-13 and

Nitrogen-15

(biomarker

discovery)

and

Iodine-125

(early

pregnancy

radioimmunoassay) will be utilized to address the objectives.

To read more please visit: https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/new-crp-improving-efficiency-of-nationallivestock-breeding-programmes-using-nuclear-and-related-genomic-informationpractical-applications-in-developing-countries-d31030 Source: IAEA

To Contents

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03. Sketches from the WCI Secretariat 3-1. The KOICA-KAERI-WCI-IAEA e-Workshop from June 28 to July 1, 2021 The KOICA-KAERI-WCI-IAEA e-workshop on the “Establishment of a Long Term Management

Plan

by

Strengthening

Capacity

for

Diagnostic

and

Therapeutic

Radioisotopes and Radiopharmaceutical Applications” was successfully implemented by the KAERI in cooperation with the WCI from June 28 to July 1, 2021.

This e-workshop was organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA) and the Korea International Cooperation Agency(KOICA), and implemented by the KAERI in cooperation with the WCI. The program consisted of opening and closing ceremonies, and presentations and comments on the project/program concept papers(PCPs). This program was simplified and shortened, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This program has run from 2019 to 2021, over three years.

The 20 participants from Argentina, Bangladesh, India, Macedonia, Malaysia, Mexico, Montenegro, Philippines, Serbia and Thailand joined this e-Workshop. There were a total of 7 experts attending this e-workshop course.

The pre-orientations by groups A & B took place on June 21 and 22, 2021, respectively.

The opening ceremony, the PCP (project concept paper) presentation and comments, and the closing ceremony all occurred from June 28 to July 1, 2021. In addition, the organizer has recently uploaded video clips on PCP materials, the special lecture, practices regarding radiopharmaceuticals production, course information, the KOICA training program, evaluation and survey information that the participants had read in advance on the communication channel (Google classroom). Each session is explained as follows:

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Opening Speech: Dr. Hyeon-Jin Kim, Course Director, at the Nuclear Training and Education Center, the KAERI, gave the opening speech. He extended his warmest welcome to all of the participants, and expressed his gratitude to the KOICA, the IAEA, and the WCI for cooperation in organizing this e-workshop. He emphasized that objective of the workshop was to provide support for establishment of a long-term management plan and guidelines for diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. He added that strengthening the capacity in these areas is closely linked to the quality of our lives.

Therefore, he said, this course will help the participating countries build their capacity in this field. Finally, he encouraged every participant to be actively involved in discussions during the e-workshop so that the participants gain instructive knowledge and skills that can be applied later back in the participating organizations and countries.

Welcoming Speech: Dr. Joao Alberto OSSO JUNIOR, Head of Radioisotope Products and Radiation Technology Section, Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, IAEA also welcomed the 20 participants from 10 different countries from across world to this workshop. He stated the course has a long collaborative history, regarding the organization and implementation of training and e-learning courses on applications of nuclear energy, in particular, the production of medical radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals.

He pointed out that the section he leads at the IAEA is responsible for the implementation of activities related to the production of medical radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals - making the nuclear medicine a reality. He added that building capacity is essential and that high-quality training courses like this one are vital to the support the education of professionals in this field, thus going on to show appreciation to the organizers. He reiterated this training course had been designed to be carried out over three consecutive years, so the same participants were active in 2019, 2020 and in 2021. He wished the participants a fruitful experience on the course program he was confident was excellent. Finally, he added that participants had a unique WORLD COUNCIL ON ISOTOPES

19

opportunity to create important networks to support their professional life.

Welcoming Speech: Dr. Syed M. Qaim, Education and Training Committee Chair of the WCI (Professor, at Forschungszentrum Jülich and the University of Cologne, Germany) delivered his welcoming remarks and emphasized the importance of this instructive and stimulating e-workshop to the participants. He explained that due to the tremendous progress occurring in radioisotope technology and its applications the World Council on Isotopes (WCI) was established (in 2008), which is an international organization with the objective to establish an international forum to discuss issues related to the safe production and use of stable and radioactive isotopes for global wellbeing.

He asserted the WCI’s partnership with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and the Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) has contributed to cooperative programs over last several years. He thanked the IAEA and the KAERI for extending their kind cooperation over the years. In addition, he extended his deep appreciation to the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) for providing the financial support for the workshop.

He emphasized the importance of the Project Concept Paper (PCP) presented by the participants and discussed with the tutors and other experts. He hoped active discussion regarding Project Concept Papers (PCPs) would provide every participant with the opportunity to share valuable information to strengthen capacity for diagnostic and therapeutic radioisotopes and radiopharmaceutical application in the participating countries in the future.

Finally, he enthusiastically encouraged the participants to apply for WCI membership to maximize their sharing of valuable experiences and expertise with other WCI members all over the world.

WORLD COUNCIL ON ISOTOPES

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Closing Speech: Mr. Woo-Geun Song, Secretary-General of the WCI had the privilege to deliver closing remarks on this e-workshop. He recalled the history of this KOICA program : the participants discussed the country reports in 2019, formulated action plans in 2020, and finally discussed the project concept papers (PCPs) in 2021. He congratulated all the participants for making the most of the great opportunity to go through this program.

He said, through this program, the participants could recognize what to do for strengthening the capacity of their organizations in their

countries in the future.

He expected that the KOICA will play the role in providing the Korean ODA programs for the rebuilding of capacity of the participating countries in the near future. Therefore, he asked for those interested in the KOICA ODA Program to contact the KOICA office or the Embassy of Korea via those in charge of the participating country through the official channel. In addition, he asked the participants to take the opportunity to play a role in sharing their experiences with the others working in this field all over the world.

Finally, he expressed his gratitude to the national and international experts who had been involved in this program as tutors, lecturers, and speakers.

Project/Program Concept Paper(PCP): The participants were given the opportunity to present their country project/program concept papers(PCPs) that dealt with their project rationale, country development strategies

and

policies,

project

objectives/outputs/outcomes/outputs/activities,

proposed budget, stakeholder analysis, project management and implementation, etc.

The team leaders of each country gave their PCP presentations. After that, tutors and other participants except the presenters gave comments. The list of the PCP titles by the participating country is shown as follows:

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21

Group

Country

List of the PCP titles

North Macedonia

Installation of Solid Target Processing System and Establishment of Cu64 and Zr-89 Radioisotopes Production

Montenegro

A

Republic of Serbia

India

Bangladesh

B

Implementation of I-131 Radiotherapy Strengthening the National Capacities Production in the Republic of Serbia

for

Radiopharmaceutical

PET-Fluorescent Twin Molecular Imaging for Precision Surgical Therapy: Augmenting the Role of Nuclear Imaging Strengthening Capacity of Radioisotope Radiopharmaceuticals Cold Kit Production Facility

Thailand

Development of Radiometals Diagnostic and Therapeutic

based

Malaysia

Gallium-68 Production Using Cyclotron

on

Production

Radiopharmaceuticals

and

for

Philippines

National Interdisciplinary Higher Education Program in Radioisotope and Radiopharmaceutical Technology

Mexico

Linkage of Radiopharmaceutical Producers and Health Regulators in Mexico

Argentina

Coordinated Project for Clinical Radiopharmaceuticals in Argentina

Translation

of

Theragnostic

Special Lecture: Dr. Syed Muhammad QAIM, Chair, Education and Training Committee of the WCI, and Professor, at Forschungszentrum Jülich and the University of Cologne, Germany gave the special lecture on the "Nuclear Data for Medical Radionuclides". His lecture was supported by the three video clips and a presentation paper. The lecture materials were uploaded on the Google Classroom. All participants had to take this lecture in advance of the opening ceremony. The term “Nuclear Data” includes all data which describes the characteristics of nuclei as well as their interactions. He is the author of the book WORLD COUNCIL ON ISOTOPES

22

“Medical Radionuclide Production”. His lecture on the “Nuclear Data for Medical Radionuclides” is outlined as follows: 

Introduction to data for medical use (classification, imaging, radiation dose);



Standardization of production data (availability of standardized data);



Commonly used radionuclides;



Research oriented radionuclides;



Emerging production methodologies;



New directions in applications; and



Summary and conclusions.

The Practices of Radiopharmaceutical Production: The video clips on the practices of radiopharmaceutical production were uploaded on the Google Classroom. The title is "Practices on the Web Laboratory" and is comprised of six video clips. All participants had to take the practice. These video clips show the practices of the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

This department has gamma imaging, positron imaging, a laboratory and therapy.

Course Information and KOICA Fellowship Program: The video clips on the KOICA fellowship program and course information were uploaded on the Google Classroom. These videos provide online meeting guidance, the KOICA Fellowship Program (CIAT: capacity improvement and advancement for tomorrow), course program information, etc.

Survey and Evaluation: The KOICA conducted surveys using pre and post questionnaires to assess the performance of the fellowship programs. The purpose of these questionnaires was not to measure the participant’s level of knowledge, but to assess the effectiveness of the program. The tutors and organizers evaluated performances by scoring from a range of 1 (lowest) to 10 (highest).

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Comments and Feeling: After the closing remarks, the participants, tutors and organizers had the opportunity to exchange their comments and feelings they had on this e-workshop. The participants expressed their gratitude to the organizers for having the opportunity to join this eworkshop, and to share the valuable knowledge and experiences in this field with others from the participating countries. The tutors said that this e-workshop provided the opportunity not only to transmit knowledge and theory to the participants, but also to learn from a lot experiences in the RIs and RPs from the participants. In addition, the tutors encouraged the participants to join international academic events to stay abreast of emerging information, such as the 11th International Conference on Isotopes (11ICI) in Saskatoon, Canada, from June 19 to 23, 2022, the International Symposium on Radiopharmaceutical Sciences in Nantes, France, from May 29 to June 2, 2022, etc. The organizer delivered his messages focusing on paying keen attention to the KOICA ODA program and suggesting participants contact the KOICA branch offices in the participating countries, adding that the evaluation on the participants was under way, etc.

Plan for the Follow-Ups: Within three months of this program ending, the KOICA will conduct a survey to explore if the possible ODA programs can be formulated and implemented in the participating countries. If any project can be selected through this procedure, the KOICA will provide the ODA program to boost the capability of the recipient countries in a specific field.

The scope of this ODA program will cover the invitation of experts, the training of staff members, the procurement of equipment, devices, software, etc. Therefore, the organizer asked the participating countries to apply for the ODA programs through the official channel to the KOICA Headquarters in Seoul, Korea. In addition, the KAERI and the WCI will contact the KOICA to discuss the follow-up training course next year.

In conclusion, the WCI Secretariat has submitted the 2022 government budget proposal to the Ministry of Science and ICT to reinitiate the training course in next year.

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3-2. Call for Bids to host the 12th ICI The International Conference on Isotopes (ICI), held every two to three years at venues around the world, are established to provide a platform for the exchange and discussion of scientific and technical information, to discuss and promote state of the art issues of isotopes, and to act as an interface with other professional groups.

The World Council on Isotopes (WCI) is now calling for bids from local groups that have a willingness to consider hosting the 12th ICI, due to be held sometime in 2024.

Bids should be a written document that addresses the following as a minimum:

1. Venue: Suggest a possible location for the event. Give clear location details. A venue should be easily accessible to a major international airport with suitable connections to transport infrastructure.

2. Accommodation: A range of reasonably-priced hotels and other forms of accommodation should be available within a reasonable distance from the venue.

3. International access: It is essential that all nationalities are permitted to enter the host country, and can obtain any required visas and travel documents in a timely fashion.

4. Budget: Outline a reasonably accurate budget, including details of proposed registration fees and exhibition booth fees, items to be covered by the registration fees (e.g., lunches, refreshments), and anticipated costs for production and distribution of the abstracts and proceedings. In addition, describe a commitment of a reasonably accurate contribution in accordance with the WCI Bylaw (B8.1(C), e.g. 10% of the registration and exhibition fees, to the WCI reserve fund.

5. Sponsorship: Describe the extent of anticipated sponsorships by different funding agencies and foundations, specifying any contacts that have already been made. Provide plans for industrial sponsorships.

6. Scientific program: Outline the variety of anticipated sessions, including WORLD COUNCIL ON ISOTOPES

25

plenary sessions and speakers, and a range of smaller oral and poster sessions spanning the interests of a diverse array of researchers, managers, educators and policy-oriented individuals.

7. Publication plan: Specify the proposed media, timelines and publisher for the abstracts and proceedings.

8. Financial support for attendees: Indicate the extent of anticipated financial support available for attendees, particularly students and citizens of developing countries.

9. Outreach: Outline arrangements for access to and by the media and local community.

10.National and local government support: Indicate the nature and extent of anticipated support from and cooperation with local, regional and national agencies.

11.International and national non-governmental organizations: Summarize the nature and extent of anticipated support from and collaboration with NGOs. 12.Local Organizing Committee: Outline the likely structure, composition and responsibilities of the organizing committee and any sub-committees.

13.Others: Describe the possibilities of technical and social tours, free registration fees for the WCI Executive Members, International Coordinators and Secretariat staff, and a free exhibition booth for the WCI Secretariat. In addition, describe the efforts or plans of the potential 12th ICI bidder to encourage anticipated sponsors to participate in the WCI sponsorship and advertisements programs. (visit the WCI website for your reference)

Bids to host the 12th ICI should be sent to the Secretary-General of the WCI Secretariat, Mr. Woo-Geun Song, by February 28th 2022.

Document screening will be made until April 29th, 2022 by the WCI selection committee and presentation evaluation will take place June 19th, 2022 in Saskatoon, Canada. The

WORLD COUNCIL ON ISOTOPES

26

announcement of the successful bid for the 12th ICI will be made sometime during June 19-23, 2022, at the 11th ICI venue in Saskatoon, Canada.

Groups submitting bids will be requested to make a short (~20 minutes) presentation and to participate in discussions with the selection committee on June 19th, 2022 at the 11th ICI venue in Saskatoon, Canada.

Submissions received after the deadline are not guaranteed to be considered.

Electronic/digital submissions are preferred (to: secretary@wci-ici.org), although they may consist of a combination of formats (e.g., Word, jpg and pdf) as is most convenient.

ICI series held to date

▪

1st ICI, Beijing, China, 1995

▪

7th ICI, Moscow, Russia, 2011

▪

2nd ICI, Sydney, Australia, 1997

▪

8th ICI, Chicago, USA, 2014

▪

3rd ICI, Vancouver, Canada, 1999

▪

9th ICI, Doha, Qatar, 2017

▪

4th ICI, Cape Town, South Africa, 2002

▪

10th ICI, Kuala Lumpur, 2020

▪

5th ICI, Brussels, Belgium, 2005

▪

11th ICI, Saskatoon, Canada, 2022

▪

6th ICI, Seoul, Korea, 2008

To Contents

WORLD COUNCIL ON ISOTOPES

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04. Future Conferences and Events 65th IAEA General Conference • Date: September 20 – 24, 2021 • Venue: Vienna International Centre, Vienna, Austria • Website: https://www.iaea.org/about/governance/general-conference/gc65/generalinformation The 65th Annual Regular Session of the IAEA General Conference is being held from 20 to 24 September 2021 at the Vienna International Centre (VIC) in Vienna, Austria, where high-ranking officials and representatives from IAEA Member States will consider a range of issues.

The European Research Reactor Conference • Date: September 26 – 30, 2021 • Venue: Helsinki, Finland • Website: https://www.euronuclear.org/european-research-reactor-conference-2021/ In 2021 European Research Reactor Conference (RRFM) will take place from 26 – 30 September 2021 in Helsinki, Finland. The conference program will revolve around a series of plenary sessions dedicated to the latest global developments with regards to research reactor technology and management.

34th Annual Congress of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine • Date: October 20 – 23, 2021 • Venue: Virtual • Website: https://eanm21.eanm.org/ With more than 150 sessions, the EANM Annual Congress is the most valuable nuclear medicine gathering worldwide. Each year, more than 6,200 participants have the possibility to network, socialize and discuss the newest trends and findings in the field of nuclear medicine. The EANM is proud of receiving approximately 2,200 abstracts WORLD COUNCIL ON ISOTOPES

28

annually from all over Europe and around the world. 160 exhibiting companies, covering an area of 3,500 sqm present their newest technologies.

Advanced PET Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, and Therapy: From Diagnostics to Theranostics • Date: November 4 - 6, 2021 • Venue: Las Vegas, USA • Website: https://www.petctcme.com/las-vegas-november-2021/ This course provides a clinical perspective on PET/CT imaging and the emerging use of Theranostic agents within Nuclear Medicine. A broad perspective on the economic, clinical, and academic aspects of the latest trends in PET/CT imaging and nuclear medicine therapy will be presented.

The SNMMI 2021 Therapeutics Conference • Date: November 11 – 13, 2021 • Venue: New Orleans, Louisiana • Website: https://therapy.snmmi.org/ The SNMMI 2021 Therapeutics Conference program has been organized to focus on key areas of radiopharmaceutical therapy, including operational issues, radiation safety, MIBG, and dosimetry, as well as prostate, thyroid, and neuroendocrine cancers.

NESTet (Nuclear Education and Training) 2021 • Date: November 15 – 17, 2021 • Venue: Brussels, Belgium • Website: https://ens.eventsair.com/nuclear-education-and-training/ NESTet is an important European forum discussing opportunities and challenges in nuclear education, training, knowledge management and human resource development related to nuclear energy and other nuclear applications. The 2021 edition will bring together nuclear stakeholders, including policy and decision makers, educators, training WORLD COUNCIL ON ISOTOPES

29

providers, employers and human resource managers. The young generation – incoming nuclear professionals from all over Europe – are expected to be there to challenge the established views and enrich the discussion!

2021 ANS Winter Meeting and Technology Expo • Date: November 30 – December 4, 2021 • Venue: Washington, DC • Website: https://www.ans.org/meetings/wm2021/ The 2021 ANS Winter Meeting promises to be one of the year’s most exciting and informative educational and networking events for attendees from every facet of nuclear science and technology. In addition, the Technology Expo will give attendees a glimpse into the applications of new technology through three days of exhibits and special events. The Expo will also give attendees many opportunities to network with each other and establish new professional relationships while having food and fun in a friendly and informal setting.

ICAMIG 2021: 15. International Research Conference on Advances in Marine Isotope Geochemistry • Date: December 27 – 28, 2021 • Venue: Vienna, Austria • Website: https://waset.org/advances-in-marine-isotope-geochemistry-conferencein-december-2021-in-vienna The International Research Conference is a federated organization dedicated to bringing together a significant number of diverse scholarly events for presentation within the conference program. The number and length of the presentations will determine the duration and events of the conference. With its high quality, it provides an exceptional value for students, academics and industry researchers.

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12th IsoEcol • Date: June 6 – 10, 2022(tentative) • Venue: Gaming, Austria • Website: https://sites.google.com/view/isoecol2020/ The 12th International Conference on the Applications of Stable Isotope Techniques to Ecological Studies (IsoEcol) will be held in the beautiful town of Gaming, Austria, organized

by

the

Inter-University

Center

for

Aquatic

Ecosystem

Research

WasserClusterLunz in cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) from June 20-26, 2021. The conference venue is at the historic Kartause (Charter house) in Gaming (pronounced Gah-ming), approximately 2 hours from Vienna by car or public transportation.

Astrophysics with Radioactive Isotopes (AwRI) 2022 • Date: June 12 – 17, 2022 • Venue: Budapest, Hungary • Website: https://indico.cern.ch/event/820113/ Radioactive nuclei play a significant role in many current astrophysical pursuits, from the origins of the elements to the driving of emissions from supernovae (56Ni) and kilonovae (r-process radioactivity). Radioactive nuclei are crucial for direct studies of galactic enrichment (7Be,

26Al, 44Ti, 60Fe, 99Tc, 244Pu)

and stellar explosions (56Ni,

44Ti).

Stars and their explosions, galaxies and their evolving interstellar medium, and the origins of the solar system are among the targeted astrophysical objects. Stardust, meteorites, ocean floor deposits, cosmic-rays, and gamma-ray spectroscopy provide a rich variety of astronomy to exploit, each having their inherent power of radioactivity.

Investigation tools range from numerical models, astronomical instrumentation, and laboratory experiments to derive material compositions and nuclear reaction rates. The aim of the conference is to bring together researchers from all of these different fields to promote interaction through the common ground of radioactivity.

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11th International Conference on Isotopes (11ICI)

• Date: June 19 – 23, 2022 • Venue: Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada • Website: https://www.11ici.org/ 11ICI hosted by Sylvia Fedoruk Canadian Centre for Nuclear Innovation (the Fedoruk Centre) in partnership with the University of Saskatchewan and Tourism Saskatoon, will build on past conferences by continuing a multifaceted interdisciplinary exchange between the developers and producers of isotopes and applied isotopes in medicine, industry, agriculture, national security and other fields. Selected papers will be published on a special issue of the Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry (JRNC). The ICI conferences have been held since 1995, recently every two years. They are organized by the World Council on Isotopes (WCI) and a participating organization to highlight the importance of nuclear science, medicine, and technology in advancing human health and protection of the environment.

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IRRMA 2022 (IRRMA 2021 has been postponed) • Date: July 3 – 8, 2022 • Venue: Moscow, Russia • Website: http://www.lnf.infn.it/conference/irrma2021/ The

International

Topical

Meeting

on

Industrial

Radiation

and

Radioisotope

Measurement Applications (IRRMA) is a triennial event organized for the purpose of bringing together scientists and engineers from around the world who share an interest in radiation and radioisotope measurement applications.

Second International Conference on Applications of Radiation Science and Technology (ICARST-2022) • Date: August 22 - 26, 2022 • Venue: Vienna, Austria • Website: https://www.iaea.org/events/icarst-2022 The Second International Conference on Applications of Radiation Science and Technology, which was planned to be held at the IAEA headquarters in Vienna, Austria, from 19 to 23 April 2021 has been postponed due to the COVID pandemic. It is now going to be held from 22 – 26 August 2022.

ICARST-2022 will cover a variety of topics related to the applications of radiation technologies in fields as diverse as industry, medicine, materials science, engineering, biology, physics and chemistry. The conference will serve as a platform for fostering new initiatives among industry and academia, establishing new and strengthening existing collaborations and identifying best practices as well as raising awareness among decision makers on how radiation technologies can be applied to meet global challenges.

To Contents WORLD COUNCIL ON ISOTOPES

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Call for WCI Member Profiles and Technology Transfers The WCI calls for its member profiles and isotope technologies for technology transfer among the WCI members which will enabling the sharing of information for the peaceful uses of isotope technologies.

1. Backgrounds: - The WCI has the mission to promote the safe and environmentally sound use of isotope technologies for global well-being. It is also keen to promote the sharing of information on the peaceful uses of isotope technologies among the WCI members.

- The WCI cooperates actively with other regional and international organizations to promote the peaceful applications of isotope technologies.

2. Role of the WCI: - The WCI will introduce the WCI member profiles and useful isotope technologies for technology transfer among the WCI members, enabling the sharing of information for the peaceful uses of isotope technologies through the WCI newsletter and homepage.

- The WCI will upload this information on the WCI website (www.wci-ici.org) for WCI members to access after the WCI releases the monthly newsletter. WCI does not bear any responsibility for errors in the information posted by the WCI member. * On this matter, please visit the WCI website (www.wci-ici.org), and apply for WCI membership. * It is noted that information related to technology transfers can only be viewed by the WCI members.

3. Role of the WCI Members: - WCI members are asked to cooperate in providing information about their profiles and isotope technology descriptions by the WCI Secretariat.

- Each WCI member who has provided technical information is responsible for monitoring the relevant information and taking appropriate action on legal arrangements / issues related to any technology transfer.

- Technology transfers can be finalized through mutual understanding of the benefits between the technology transferee and transferor. Any WCI member interested in conducting a technology transfer has to make contact with their chosen counterpart for the sound transfer of technology.

WORLD COUNCIL ON ISOTOPES

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4. Expected Benefits/Outcomes: - The WCI will help share the information on the peaceful uses of isotope technologies and promote technology transfers for and to businesses among WCI members through the WCI newsletter and homepage, as part of its undertaking; the implementation of its mission.

- The WCI members will promote their business profiles, including technologies, products, and services, and take the opportunity to sell and buy isotope technologies for the peaceful uses between the technology transferors and transferees through their own technology transfer mechanisms in a cost-effective and efficient manner.

5. How to Submit and Release: - The WCI members (individuals and organizations) wishing to transfer technologies are cordially requested to complete the attached form and submit it to the WCI Secretariat (secretary@wci-ici.org) by the 25th of each month.

- Format: 

Sample format is given below, modification is allowed except for any changes in numerical order.



All contents should be written in English.



The length of article should be within 2 pages.

(A4, Times New Roman with 12 font size and 1 line space)



Images may be included.

- The WCI will release this article on a first come first served basis.

6. Donation to the WCI - The minimum amount for donation is USD 1,000.

- Your financial support to the WCI will promote the safe and environmentally sound use of isotope technologies for global wellbeing through the WCI activities.

7. Inquiry If you have any inquiries on this article, please contact secretary@wci-ici.org.

WORLD COUNCIL ON ISOTOPES

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[Attachment] The WCI member's profile and isotope technologies for technology transfer (Sample) [Name of Company/Institute] Photo (optional)

1. About us (Brief introduction of company/institute) (sample) The World Council on Isotopes (WCI) was founded in 2008 and has a fast-growing and highly diverse membership, representing a broad range of interests and perspectives of the R&D, business, industrial, and governmental sectors.

2. Isotope Technologies for major Products/Services you offer (Isotope technologies for primary products or services of company/institute) (free format)

3. Technology Transfer [selling( ), buying( ), or others(specify)] (describe the technologies you wish to transfer) (free format)

4. Contact Detail 

Homepage : www.wci-ici.org



e-mail : secretary@wci-ici.org



(add more details if necessary)

*note below will not be included on article.

(Note) The donation to the WCI will be: (identify the amount of donation to the WCI) (sample) USD 1,000.00

WORLD COUNCIL ON ISOTOPES

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