Chapter 06: Consciousness and Cognition
Chapter 06 Multiple Choice Questions
1. What term do psychologists use to designate our personal awareness of feelings, sensations, and thoughts? thinking cognition conscience consciousness
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-01
Page-Reference: 202
Topic: What Is Consciousness?
Skill: F
Objective: 6.1
Answer: consciousness
2. Consciousness is the _____________.
state of arousal involving facial and bodily changes awareness of ourselves and the environment memory of personally experienced events intentional recollection of an item of information
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-02
Page-Reference: 202
Topic: What Is Consciousness?
Skill: C
Objective: 6.1
Answer: awareness of ourselves and the environment
3. The state we are in when we are awake and reasonably alert is called
altered state of consciousness waking consciousness self-awareness intelligence
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-03
Page-Reference: 202
Topic: What Is Consciousness?
Skill: F
Objective: 6.1
Answer: waking consciousness
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4. What do we call a state of consciousness that can result from the use of alcohol, drugs, or hypnosis?
daydreaming
meditative absorption stream of consciousness altered state of consciousness
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-1-04
Page-Reference: 202-203
Topic: What Is Consciousness?
Skill: F
Objective: 6.1
Answer: altered state of consciousness
5. Mental activities that differ noticeably from normal waking consciousness are known as _____________.
hyperconsciousness unconscious states relaxed wakefulness altered states of consciousness
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-1-05
Page-Reference: 202-203
Topic: What Is Consciousness?
Skill: C
Objective: 6.1
Answer: altered states of consciousness
6. Daydreaming, meditation, intoxication, sleep, and hypnosis are all types of
self-awareness
self-absorption
waking consciousness altered states of consciousness
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-06
Page-Reference: 202-203
Topic: What Is Consciousness?
Skill: F
Objective: 6.1
Answer: altered states of consciousness
7. What used to be called "the gentle tyrant"?
drugs dreams sleep meditation
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Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-07
Page-Reference: 203
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: F
Objective: 6.2
Answer: sleep
8. A circadian cycle is about _____________ hours long.
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-08
Page-Reference: 203
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: F
Objective: 6.2
Answer: 24
9. A biological cycle, or rhythm, that is approximately 24 hours long is called a(n) _____________ cycle.
infradian circadian diurnal ultradian
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-09
Page-Reference: 203
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: F
Objective: 6.2
Answer: circadian
10. Our sleep–wake cycle follows a(n) _____________ rhythm. infradian diurnal circadian ultradian
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-10
Page-Reference: 203
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: F
Objective: 6.2
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Canada Inc.
Answer: circadian
11. The hypothalamus controls the _____________. hypnotic suggestibility ratio sleep–wake cycle frequency of nightmares growth hormones that occur during sleep
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-11
Page-Reference: 203
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: F
Objective: 6.2
Answer: sleep–wake cycle
12. The sleep–wake cycle is ultimately controlled by the part of the brain called the _____________. optical nerve frontal lobe hypothalamus median forebrain bundle
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-1-12
Page-Reference: 203
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: F
Objective: 6.2
Answer: hypothalamus
13. What aspect of circadian rhythms might explain why we tend to feel so tired at night?
Body temperature bottoms out on Monday mornings.
The three biorhythm patterns converge at low points on Mondays. Heart rates typically increase at night.
There is an organ in the brain sensitive to light changes, which then affects our sleepiness.
Difficulty: 3
QuestionID: 06-1-13
Page-Reference: 203-204
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: A
Objective: 6.2
Answer: There is an organ in the brain sensitive to light changes, which then affects our sleepiness.
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14. _____________, a hormone involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms, is secreted by the pineal gland.
Serotonin Testosterone Estrogen Melatonin
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-1-14
Page-Reference: 203-204
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: F
Objective: 6.2
Answer: Melatonin
15. Melatonin is to _____________ as an aspirin is to _____________.
nausea; nightmare nightmare; blood clots insomnia; headache sleep apnea; blood thinner
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-1-15
Page-Reference: 203-204
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: C
Objective: 6.2
Answer: insomnia; headache
16. Where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) located?
the thalamus
the cerebellum
the basal ganglia
the hypothalamus
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-1-16
Page-Reference: 203
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: F
Objective: 6.2
Answer: the hypothalamus
17. Circadian rhythms are controlled by the _____________.
pineal gland
suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
thalamus
hippocampus
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Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-17
Page-Reference: 203-204
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: F
Objective: 6.2
Answer: suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
18. The hormone melatonin reaches peak levels in the body during the _____________. morning early evening afternoon night
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-18
Page-Reference: 204
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: C
Objective: 6.2
Answer: night
19. Which statement is correct concerning how much sleep people need?
Most people need at least 10 hours.
Men need more sleep than women.
The amount of sleep people need varies from person to person depending on age and possibly inherited sleep needs.
Women need more sleep than men.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-1-19
Page-Reference: 204
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: C
Objective: 6.2
Answer: The amount of sleep people need varies from person to person depending on age and possibly inherited sleep needs.
20. Which of the following statements accurately reflects the relationship of the total amount of sleep an individual needs as a function of age?
We require more sleep as we age.
As we age, we tend to need less sleep.
We require much sleep during infancy and early childhood, less sleep in adolescence and early adulthood, and then more sleep in middle and older age.
The amount of sleep we require solely depends on individual difference variables.
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Difficulty: 3
QuestionID: 06-1-20
Page-Reference: 204
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: F
Objective: 6.2
Answer: As we age, we tend to need less sleep.
21. Which device would a sleep researcher use to monitor a sleeping person's brain waves?
electromyograph (EMG)
electrocardiograph (ECG)
electro-oculograph (EOG)
electroencephalograph (EEG)
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-21
Page-Reference: 204
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: F
Objective: 6.2
Answer: electroencephalograph (EEG)
22. REM sleep refers to _____________.
dreamless sleep
sleep induced by sleeping pills sleep periods in which sleepwalking is likely sleep periods in which a person's eyes move rapidly
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-22
Page-Reference: 204
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: F
Objective: 6.2
Answer: sleep periods in which a person's eyes move rapidly
23. In 1984, Dr. Rosenthal and his colleagues described a variant of major depression, associated with feelings of worthlessness and helplessness. What did they call this condition?
"jet lag" depression
seasonal affective disorder
sleep apnea
reactive depression
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-23
Page-Reference: 204
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: F
Objective: 6.2
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Canada Inc.
Answer: seasonal affective disorder
24. How were the symptoms of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) unique, compared to those of other types of depression?
Symptoms consistent with depression would occur only after travelling to a different time zone. Symptoms consistent with depression would generally appear during the summer months and disappear in the winter months.
Symptoms consistent with depression would generally appear during the autumn or winter months and disappear in the spring and summer months.
Symptoms consistent with depression would occur only after travelling to a different time zone during the summer months.
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-24
Page-Reference: 204
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: F
Objective: 6.2
Answer: Symptoms consistent with depression would generally appear during the autumn or winter months and disappear in the spring and summer months.
25. Why is it possible that those living in Canada would suffer a greater chance of SAD than perhaps someone living in Florida?
Depression is connected to vitamin C, and Florida produces an abundance of oranges; therefore, vitamin C is plentiful.
Due to the abundance of sunlight in Florida, the internal clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, would not be affected; therefore, SAD would not develop.
The long winter nights in Canada increase the production of melatonin, which results in decreased production of serotonin, causing an increased risk of depression.
There is no statistical difference regarding the probability of SAD developing more in Canada than in Florida.
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-25
Page-Reference: 205
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: C
Objective: 6.2
Answer: The long winter nights in Canada increase the production of melatonin, which results in decreased production of serotonin, causing an increased risk of depression.
26. If the EEG record reveals evidence of very small and very fast waves, you are likely to conclude that the sleeping person is _____________. really not sleeping and is actually awake in Stage 2 in Stage 3 in Stage 4
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Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-26
Page-Reference: 205
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: F
Objective: 6.2
Answer: really not sleeping and is actually awake
27. You see an advertisement for a method of learning a foreign language that seems simple: just put on a tape and fall asleep. The accompanying description cites proof that people can learn while asleep. Being a good psychological detective, what question would you ask about the offered proof?
Did the individuals actually dream about the foreign language?
What did the EEG indicate about the participants' level of sleep?
Did the researchers use only long sleepers who would spend more time with the tapes?
Were study breaks included in the tape to provide greater comprehension of the material?
Difficulty: 3
QuestionID: 06-1-27
Page-Reference: 205
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: C
Objective: 6.2
Answer: What did the EEG indicate about the participants' level of sleep?
28. You are watching sleep researchers monitor the sleep of a normal adult. The participant is hooked up to an EEG. What brain waves would you observe as the person becomes drowsy and then enters the first stage of sleep?
alpha waves eventually replaced by delta waves
delta waves eventually replaced by theta waves
alpha waves eventually replaced by theta waves
delta waves eventually replaced by beta waves
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-1-28
Page-Reference: 205
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: A
Objective: 6.2
Answer: alpha waves eventually replaced by theta waves
29. What term do sleep researchers use to designate Stages 1 to 4 of sleep?
REM sleep
non-REM sleep
REMN sleep
paradoxical sleep
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Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-29
Page-Reference: 205-206
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: F
Objective: 6.3
Answer: non-REM sleep
30. If you are awakened from sleep and you feel as though you had not even been asleep, you were most likely in which stage of sleep?
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3 slow wave sleep
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-1-30
Page-Reference: 205
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: A
Objective: 6.3
Answer: Stage 1
31. Upon just waking up, you report a vivid visual event. What term do psychologists use for such phenomena?
hypnic jerk
positive hallucination
hypnogogic image
hypnopompic image
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-1-31
Page-Reference: 205
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: A
Objective: 6.3
Answer: hypnogogic image
32. If the EEG record reveals evidence of sleep spindles, you are likely to conclude that the sleeping person is in which stage of sleep?
REM
Stage 1
Stage 2 Stage 4
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-32
Page-Reference: 206
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: F
Objective: 6.3
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Answer: Stage 2
33. Sleep spindles appear during _____________ sleep.
Stage 1
REM
Stage 2
Stage 4
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-33
Page-Reference: 206
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: F
Objective: 6.3
Answer: Stage 2
34. Short, rhythmic bursts of brain wave activity that appear during Stage 2 sleep are called
delta waves
sleep spindles
paradoxical sleep waves
beta waves
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-34
Page-Reference: 206
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: F
Objective: 6.3
Answer: sleep spindles
35. Your brain waves are being monitored in a sleep laboratory. If you are in deep sleep less than an hour after falling asleep, what brain waves will be detected?
beta
alpha
theta
delta
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-35
Page-Reference: 206
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: F
Objective: 6.3
Answer: delta
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Stage 1
Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-36
Page-Reference: 206
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: F
Objective: 6.3
Answer: Stage 3
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3 Stage 4
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-37
Page-Reference: 206
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: F
Objective: 6.3
Answer: Stage 4
alpha beta theta delta
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-38
Page-Reference: 206
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: F
Objective: 6.3
Answer: delta
Children,
_____________. dream all the time are harder to wake up during this stage than adults are easier to wake up during this stage than adults hallucinate
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Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-39
Page-Reference: 206-207
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: F
Objective: 6.3
Answer: are harder to wake up during this stage than adults
40. What would you expect to see on the EEG record of a person who is engaged in an episode of sleepwalking?
paradoxical sleep waves
very large sleep spindles
evidence of deep sleep (Stage 4) a record that is virtually the same as that of a daydreaming person
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 06-1-40
Page-Reference: 208
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: C
Objective: 6.3-6.4
Answer: evidence of deep sleep (Stage 4)
41. REM behaviour disorder results from _____________.
too much sleep not enough sleep failure of the brain mechanisms to block brain signals to the muscles deterioration of the medial hypothalamus
Difficulty: 3
QuestionID: 06-1-41
Page-Reference: 207
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: F
Objective: 6.3
Answer: failure of the brain mechanisms to block brain signals to the muscles
42. REM behaviour disorder most commonly occurs _____________.
in men over age 60 in women under age 60 in children among the poor
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 06-1-42
Page-Reference: 207
Topic: Altered States—Sleep
Skill: F
Objective: 6.3
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Canada Inc.