Pipiwharauroa - March 2016

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Pipiwharauroa Poutū-te-rangi 2016

Pukapuka: Rua Te Kau Ma Toru

Naumai Haere mai ki te Pae Tukutuku o!

“Whakahautia te rongopai i runga i te ngāwari me Te aroha” Koinei rā te whakatau a te iwi o Ngā Ariki Kaipūtahi i ngā rā kua taha ake. He pōhiri ki te tumuaki whakakii i te tūnga mo te kura o Whatatutu. He rā whakahirahira nā te mea he kōtiro i pakeke ake i reira, ā, kua hoki mai ki te toha i ana pūkenga ki ngā tamariki mokopuna o te wā kāinga.

Ki te taha ki tōna whāea Ko Maungapōhatu te maunga Ko Tauranga te awa Ko Tūhoe te iwi Ko Ōmuriwaka te marae Ko Te Pairi te tipuna Ko Kōhine tana whāea Ki te taha ki tana pāpā He ōrite ngā pepeha engari Ko Tuapō te marae Ko te Aohou te whare Kua Rua Kenana te tipuna.

Ko Ana Biddle (Pītara) ahau.

I kaha aku mātua ki te akiaki i ahau ki te whai mātauranga, ana peipei ana.

Ahakoa i heke mai aku mātua i ngā kāwai rangatira o Tūhoe, ki ōku whakaaro, koinei taku kāinga ake. He aha i pēnei ai aku whakaaro, nā te mea i pakeke ake ahau i konei. I pakeke ake ahau i te teihana hipi o Te Hau ki Mangatu, i kaungia e ahau

Ahakoa he roa ahau e takahi ana i te mata o te whenua ki te whakakoi i taku hinengaro, ki te whakakii i aku kete, kua tīmata te taukumekume o aku whakaaro ki te hoki mai ki te kāinga, ana waimarie i wātea mai te tūnga Tumuaki ki te kura o Whatatutu.

Tino waimarie ahau kei konei tonu ngā mōrehu o te iwi hei ārahi i ahau, hei tautoko, hei manaaki hoki, hei tohutohu hoki. Ko te wawata, ko tūmanako ka puta te katoa o ā mātou tamariki mokopuna ki te wheiao, kia tōtika ai mō tōna oranga.

Tūhoe ki Te Tairāwhiti” Te Ahurei “Hoki ki o maunga kia purea koutou e ngā hau”

Ā te ahiahi nei ka wehe atu te kapa haka me ngā tīma poitarawhiti, whutuporo ki Ruatoki ki ngā whakataetae. He huinga whakahirahira tēnei mō rātou e whaipānga ki Tūhoe, arā ngā hunaonga, taokete, tamariki mokopuna. Ko te nuinga o Tūhoe kei konei e nohonoho ana kua moemoe i a rātou tāne nō konei, nō reira ka whai wāhi te katoa tata tonu o te Tairāwhiti.

He ohorere te mahi nei, engari nā te kaingakau o Tei Nohotima me tana whānau ka hua ā tēra pea ka toa, ko wai ka mōhio. Tekau ma iwa ngā tamariki, iwa tekau ngā pākeke kua reri ki te haere ki te whawhai, ki te tautoko i te kaupapa ahakoa rā kua kore “Te Pūru”. I mātaki ahau i a rātou e haratau ana, ā, me te mea nei kua mahi noa atu i te mahi.

Inside this month...

Kaikinikini tonu ana Te ngau a mahara Te wehenga atu Te tini, te mano o te toa I haere rātou ki te mura o te ahi.

I hinga atu. i hoki haua mai Ā wairua, ā hinengaro, ā tinana.

Matemate atu Mo tātou, mo ngā whakatipuranga.

Mo tēnei whenua Nā rātou, mo tātou E kore e warewaretia

Kia kaha!

Karawhiua

Tānerore Hineruhi

He mihi nui tēnei ki ngā kapa e whakatū waewae ana mo te Tamararo, ā, mo Te Matatini hoki.

Ahakoa ko wai ka hua, ko wai ka tohu, kei te tautoko te katoa o Te Tairāwhiti i a koutou.

FORESTRY FIRST

E kāo, e ai ki ētahi e toru noa iho a rātou noho, me ētahi hoki o rātou kei te haratau mo ngā whakataetae a Tamararo. Nō reira he mahi whakawhitiwhiti.

Ia rua tau ka whakarauika mai te rahi o Tūhoe kei ngā tōpito o te ao e nohonoho haere ana ki Ruatoki mo te Ahurei. He wā whakakotahi, tutakitaki, matemateāone. He wā hoki e rangona ana te mātotoru o te reo. Koinei te wā e kitea ai te kaha o Tūhoe ki ana tikanga, ki tana reo. Kotahi te haka, kotahi te mōteatea ka whakataungia ma te katoa kia kitea ko wai kei te mau tonu ki ngā tikanga me te mita ō Tūhoe.

Nō reira e kare mā, kia pai te haere, engari karawhiuwhiua!

Tūranga Ararau ENROLLING NOW

Call us on 06) 8681081 or Come and see us on Cnr Kahutia & Bright Street, Gisborne

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Tairāwhiti Community Law Centre

Panui: Toru

He Whakamaumaharatanga ki a Rātou 1915-2016

ngā wai, i takahia e ahau ngā tapuwae o aku uri i haere mai i Tūhoe ki konei ki te rapu oranga mō rātou. Tokotoru aku tuakana, tokotoru aku tungāne. Kei konei aku mātua, taku tungāne, taku tuakana e takoto ana. Nā tēnei āhuatanga ka pātata tonu taku ngākau ki tēnei whenua. Ko ahau te pōtiki o te whānau.

Ana Biddle - Tumuaki o Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Whatatutu

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He Maungawhā

Molly In Vanuatu

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Ngā tama Toa

Tūranga Ararau

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Pipiwharauroa Pipiwharauroa Kōrero o Te Wā

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Founded October 1898 Pukapuka: Rua Te Kau Ma Toru Pānui: Toru Te Marama: Poutū-te-rangi Te Tau: 2016 ISSN: 1176-4228 (Print) ISSN: 2357-187X (Online)

Pīpīwharauroa takes its name from ‘He Kupu Whakamārama Pīpīwharauroa’, which was printed in October, 1899 by Te Rau Print and edited by the late Reverend Reweti Kohere.

Pīpīwharauroa was re-launched on 20 October, 1993.

Produced and edited by: Te Rūnanga o Tūranganui-ā-Kiwa Tūranga Ararau Printed by: The Gisborne Herald Email: pipiwharauroa@ta-pte.org.nz Phone: (06) 868 1081

http://www.facebook.com/pipi.wharauroa \

Ngā Kaitiaki o

Te Maungārongo Kia Orana koutou, Getting your drivers licence has to be one of life's achievements that I remember like yesterday. Back in the 1980s I recall the day quite vividly when I got mine, jumping in the car alongside the traffic cop and going around the block. In those days you got your full licence straight away so once I had mine signed off there were my mates waiting for me and we took off out to the beach. I lacked experience driving, let alone driving with my mates yelling and screaming in the car.

That is a far cry from the requirements of obtaining a drivers licence nowadays that gives us time to gain experience and not be distracted with passengers while developing driving skills through both learners and restricted licences.

"Ngā Ara Pai" is a driver mentoring programme in Gisborne targeting our youth 16 - 24 years, this age range are attributed to 31% of serious and fatal crashes so is an important target audience.

We have students from Gisborne Boys and Girls, Lytton, Matapuna, Wairoa College and Tolaga Bay Area School.

The programme enables a number of community volunteer mentors to get alongside our Rangatahi over a 12 week period to develop their driving skills and confidence to complete their restricted test. This is a very proud moment for both student and mentor.

It is now close to having 100 students successfully completing their test who are more mature and confident in their driving abilities. I am currently mentoring my fifth student and he is doing well. This community programme is in discussion with ACC to further develop its potential including tracking our students through to completing their full drivers licence.

Having a drivers licence is now compulsory for a number of jobs so we are pleased that we can help

The Last Post

The words are:

If any of you have ever been to a military funeral in which The Last Post was played; This brings out a new meaning of it. Here is something everyone should know.

We have all heard the haunting song, 'The Last Post.'

It's the song that gives us the lump in our throats and usually tears in our eyes. But, do you know the story behind the song? If not, I think you will be interested to find out about its humble beginnings.

In 1862 during the American Civil War, when Union Army Captain Robert Ellicombe was with his men near Harrison's Landing in Virginia. The Confederate Army was on the other side of the narrow strip of land.

During the night, Captain Ellicombe heard the moans of a soldier who lay severely wounded on the field.

Not knowing if it was a Union or Confederate soldier, the Captain decided to risk his life and bring the stricken man back for medical attention. Crawling on his stomach through the gunfire, the Captain reached the stricken soldier and began pulling him toward his encampment. When the Captain finally reached his own lines, he discovered it was actually a Confederate soldier, but the soldier was dead. The Captain lit a lantern and suddenly caught his breath and went numb with shock.

In the dim light, he saw the face of the soldier. It was his own son.

The boy had been studying music in the South when the war broke out. Without telling his father, the boy enlisted in the Confederate Army.

The following morning, heartbroken, the father asked permission of his superiors to give his son a full military burial, despite his enemy status.

His request was only partially granted. The Captain had asked if he could have a group of Army band members play a funeral dirge for his son at the funeral. The request was turned down since the soldier was a Confederate. But, out of respect for the father, they did say they could give him only one musician.

The Captain chose a bugler. The haunting melody, we now know as 'The Last Post' used at military funerals was born. our students towards achieving more opportunities in life.

"Ngā Ara Pai" is always looking for more mentors whānau as we work hard to grow the programme towards a more sustainable future, the benefits it brings Tairāwhiti region are invaluable. If you are interested, give me a call.

Keep safe whānau, Nā Inspector Sam Aberahama Area Commander: Tairāwhiti Ngā Pirihimana

Day is done Gone the sun From the lakes From the hills From the sky All is well Safely rest God is nigh Fading light Dims the sight And a star Gems the sky Gleaming bright From afar Drawing nigh Falls the night Thanks and praise For our days Neath the sun Neath the stars Neath the sky As we go This we know God is nigh Remember those lost and harmed while serving their Country.

RONGOWHAKAATA IWI TRUST LAST CHANCE - NOMINATIONS CLOSE 12PM; 30 March 2016 The Rongowhakaata Iwi Trust Board of Trustees has three Trustee vacancies and requires an election of ONE Trustee from each of the following Marae:

Manutuke Marae; Te Pahou Marae; Ohako Marae NOMINATIONS FOR THESE POSITIONS ARE NOW OPEN Go to: www.Rongowhakaata.iwi.nz or call 0800 766 469 • • •

Nomination packs Information about the Election process Information about the role of a RIT trustee

Nomination packs are also available from: The Rongowhakaata Iwi Trust office, 78 Whakato Road, Manutuke.

Te Runanga o Turanganui a Kiwa, Nga Wai E Rua Building, Cnr Lowe Street & Reads Quay, Gisborne.

NOMINATIONS CLOSE 12PM; 30 March 2016 To vote in these elections you must be registered with the Trust and affiliated to one of the above Marae before the close of nominations.

If you are unsure of your current status please contact the Returning Officer.

Key Dates: • • • • •

7 March, Nominations open 30 March, Nominations and changes to electoral roll closes 11 April, Postal ballots sent out to registered voters 3 May, Election Closes 6 May, Last date for receipt of postal ballots Official election results announced All inquires to the Returning Officer: elections@rongowhakaata.iwi.nz or call 0800 766 469

Pīpwharauroa was posted online on 27 March 2016

Pipiwharauroa Tairāwhiti Community Law Centre

Tairāwhiti Community Law Centre

Law Reform Law reform was once part of our contract with the Ministry of Justice and, although we are no longer contracted to deal with it, we still make submissions on proposed law changes currently before parliament. This can be actioned by tabling a Bill in parliament to begin the process towards the law change and to allow any member of the public to make submissions or question the law change or its implementation.

The purpose of this is to give us an opportunity to have our say on issues that may affect our communities.

Births, Deaths, Marriages, and Relationships Registration (Preventing Name Change by Child Sex Offenders) Amendment Bill.

The purpose of this bill is to protect vulnerable members of society from child sex offenders by preventing those individuals convicted of a child sex offence from changing their name.

Member in charge: Type of bill: Parliament: Bill no: Introduction: First reading: Referred to: Submissions due: Report due:

Dr Jian Yang Member's 51 75-1 15/10/15 2/12/15 Social Services Committee 3/2/16 2/6/16

A Bill is proposed legislation under consideration by a legislature.

Customs and Excise (Prohibition of Imports Made by Slave Labour) Amendment Bill

A Bill does not become law until it is passed by the legislature and, in most cases, approved by the executive. Once a Bill has been passed by Parliament into law, it is called an Act.

This bill amends the Customs and Excise Act 1996 to make goods produced in whole or in part by slave labour a prohibited import.

There are five types of Acts being public, private, local, provincial, and imperial.

A Bill is a proposed Act that has been introduced (although not all Bills will become Acts). Bills change as they go through the legislative process.

Member in charge: Type of bill: Parliament: Bill no: Introduction:

Peeni Henare Member's 51 110-1 3/12/16

In simple terms: • A Bill is a proposal, which means the clauses inside a Bill are not yet approved.

• When a Bill is passed, it becomes a law.

Bill number Bills are assigned a number when they are introduced into the House of Representatives. A version number is shown after the Bill number, eg 100—1, 100—2, 100—3.

The first version is the Bill "as introduced" into the House of Representatives. The second version will usually be as reported from the relevant select committee. The third version will usually be as reported from the committee of the whole House.

A Government Bill is a Bill introduced into the House of Representatives by a Member of Parliament in his or her capacity as a Minister. Government Bills deal with matters of public policy.

The Governor-General gives assent to a Bill as the representative of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second in New Zealand. Royal assent, given by the Governor-General as the Queen's representative, is required before a Bill passed by the House of Representatives can become an Act. To follow is a list of some Bills currently before Parliament.

Patents (Trans-Tasman Patent Attorneys and Other Matters) Amendment Bill This Bill proposes an amendment to the grounds on which a person can oppose the grant of a patent under the Patents Act 2013, a single patent application process and single patent examination process with Australia, and a joint registration regime with Australia for patent attorneys.

Member in charge: Type of bill: Parliament: Bill no: Introduction: First reading: Referred to: Submissions due: Report due:

Hon Paul Goldsmith Government 51 83-1 3/11/15 9/2/16 Commerce Committee 24/3/16 9/8/16

Substance Addiction (Compulsory Assessment and Treatment) Bill This bill will replace the Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Act 1966, and provides for the compulsory assessment and treatment of individuals who are considered to have a severe substance addiction and who do not have the capacity to participate in treatment.

Member in charge: Type of bill: Parliament: Bill no: Introduction:

Hon Peter Dunne Government 51 116-1 8/12/15

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Taxation (Residential Land Withholding Tax, GST on Online Services, and Student Loans) Bill

This bill provides for a number of changes to the student loan scheme, including the sharing of information between the Inland Revenue Department and the Australian Taxation Office in relation to New Zealand student loan borrowers residing in Australia; proposes a new residential land withholding tax to act as a collection mechanism for the bright-line test; and provides for the collection of GST on cross-border services and intangibles, including internet downloads and online services.

Member in charge: Type of bill: Parliament: Bill no: Introduction: First reading: Referred to:

Submissions due: Report due:

Hon Todd McClay Government 51 93-1 16/11/15 8/12/15 Finance and Expenditure Committee 26/1/16 8/6/16

Social Housing Reform (Transaction Mandate) Bill This bill amends the Housing Corporation Act 1974 to provide designated Ministers with the authority to transfer Housing New Zealand Corporation properties, and the properties of HNZC's subsidiaries, by entering into contracts and performing other acts in the name of, and on behalf of, any one or more of HNZC and HNZC's subsidiaries, as relevant.

Member in charge: Hon Paula Bennett Type of bill: Government Parliament: 51 Bill no: 42-2 Introduction: 1/7/15 First reading: 18/8/15 Referred to: Social Services Committee Submissions due: 1/10/15 SC report(s): 14/12/15 Second reading: 1 1/2/16

16/2/16 Supplementary Order Paper(s): 149 Committee of the whole House: 17/2/16 Divided by committee of the whole House -- see Schedule of divided bills Ref: http://www.parliament.nz/en-nz/pb/ legislation/bills/00DBHOH_BILL66518_1/patentstrans-tasman-patent-attorneys-and-other-matters

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Pipiwharauroa He Maungawhā

Hugh Lynn

ready! The next time they come to push you around I want you to kick them hard! Aim first at the leader and the loudest! Him first, then the rest.”

Kō Ahitītī te maunga Kō Waihirere te awa Kō Pārihimānahi te marae Kō Ngāti Wāhia te hapū Kō Te Aitanga-ā-Māhaki te iwi Kō Hugh Harawira Lynn ahau

SCHOOL WAS NOT A HAPPY PLACE IN MY EARLY YEARS:

Hugh Lynn

My early school years were firstly spent at the Sisters of Mercy at The Trinity Road School in Herne Bay, Auckland. From there I went to the Marists Brothers at Vermont Street and, later, entered Saint Paul’s college in Grey Lynn. At my first school I spent some time with the girls but the latter two schools were all male schools, being the only ballet dancer among them created the illusion with the other boys that I must have been a ‘poofter.’

As I was the only child I never experienced the rough and tumble of brothers wrestling or the physical interaction that occurs when growing up with other young males. Much of my earlier years were spent in our dancing studio surrounded by girls and I became a very gentle person for that.

The next school day arrived and I was filled with a combination of confidence and fear. Along came the predictable attacks, I will always remember the look of horror on the face of the first one who I knocked down! He never saw it coming as he did not expect my aggressive response and neither did the next two. Wow! I was fast and I could feel this power being unleashed, that day changed my life forever! This power inside my body started to express itself and it felt wonderful.

Some years later I found how to increase the inner strength and how to store it inside me so that it was available whenever I needed it. I used the discipline of breathing techniques that were of Chinese origin.

Later on I received more lessons on the effective use of one’s energy from William Cheung who had opened a school in Auckland and my view of the world changed dramatically.

Now fast forward a few years and those days are behind me. I left school and started training under professional guidance through a combination of judo, wrestling and, later, Chinese style Win Chung boxing.

The daily harassment at school was endless at times and eventually became extreme, I had no idea how to handle it. I did not know how to fight back and it was only when my grandfather found me crying my eyes out one night and me telling him that I did not want to go to school, that I realised that I had got to a point where I could not cope or handle it anymore.

“Harawira! What is wrong?” he asked. Harawira was my middle name, my Māori name by which he addressed me when no one else was present. He was the only person to use it.

I found myself opening up to him about what was happening. He waited patiently until I settled down and stopped crying. Then he said! “Harawira! I know that you do not know how to fight back. I am sorry to say but you will continue to be bullied until you make a stand because bullies can sense weakness or fear.”

Then he told me to look at my body in the mirror.

“You can see that your upper body is skinny, quite weak but look at the lower part of your body,” he said. “From the waist down to your toes is very different and that’s because all that dancing that you do has made it very strong.”

Through ballet physique

Hugh

developed

a

great

Around 18 years of age I started body building at The Silhouette Health Studio in Victoria Street, Auckland.

Again fast forward from here to 1965 by which time I had my own gym, the Eden Health Club. I worked there part time in security as a bouncer and body guard for visiting international artists including PJ Proby who was an international rock star and sang with the likes of Elvis Presley. He has been ntroduced to the world via satellite TV by Paul McCartney of ‘Beatles’ fame.

I could very clearly see what he was saying and realised that all the ballet practice I had done daily since I was three years old meant I was well developed physically in my lower body. I could see the strength in my legs.

He then told me to strongly kick out with my right leg. Wow! I could easily kick above the height of an average sized person’s head! I started to feel the power and he told me to continue to do the kicking exercises daily. I followed his instructions and realised during this period that I could kick at will, not only in any direction but with the same power at any level. Two weeks later he took me to a local shoe store and bought me a small pair of black boots.

I continued my kicking exercises, but this time with my boots on and quickly learnt to adjust to the extra weight. After another couple of weeks my Grandfather told me, “Harawira! Now you are

Some of the staff during the early days of Eden Security.

Young Hugh at ballet classes

I also compered at a nightclub called the “Top Twenty.” An owner of the club, Stan Blinking asked if I could arrange extra security. Up till then I had only provided a small amount to the early international rock acts or shows coming into New Zealand. With no uniforms, little organisation and just a limited number of night club bouncers who I knew could handle themselves, we provided the service. It would be fair to define these men as basically ‘street fighters’ who did just that! Get out of hand and they ‘bounced’ you.

I called this group Eden Security LTD, they were predominantly Māori or from the Pacific Islands. At that time in New Zealand, the security firms were all Pākehā and many of their workers came from England. Later I learnt that some of the police were not happy about me developing ‘a brown’ security firm and some people were starting to call us ‘thugs.’

To overcome this I supplied the men with uniforms and enrolled several ex policemen that resulted in Eden Security becoming a regular feature of the support team for visiting rock stars.

The study of ‘body language’ was another important skill as the body automatically expresses itself.

Even though your mouth may be saying one thing, the body expresses its true intention without you realizing it. This makes for a huge advantage when communicating with the public, especially when individual trouble makers are involved because you see their true intentions ahead of any incident.

Pipiwharauroa He MaungawhÄ

Eden Security LTD building

Up and coming league player (Hugh backrow, centre)

Later in life these skills became really handy, especially when negotiating with high profile international rock stars which can be a very complex business.

My security people had a huge part to play during international acts. At outdoor rock concerts there were always hundreds of people trying to get in without paying and friends of people who would let them in through the back door. With all this going on, I had to ensure clear instructions were issued on how people should flow in and out of the venue or where they could or could not go as there was specialized equipment involved and too many inquiring fingers could stop a show.

Indeed a riot was started in Queen Street because someone pulled out the power cord to the sound system and bringing the whole show to a halt for five minutes! Once the doors were open the security men handled all public problems. When focussing your attention on the job your consciousness expands to where you can sense trouble as it walks through the door. This awareness becomes a valuable asset and can save you from physical pain as you are aware, even before a potential troublemaker is, what they are ultimately planning to do. Once you acquire this facility in yourself it never leaves you.

Can you spot Hugh?

In the beginning security work was exciting but you needed to sustain it and as my personnel increased it became even more important that the wishes of the promotors were carried out whether it be security for an hotel, a 21st birthday or a large outdoor concert.

At the end of the day the promoter is responsible for everything that goes wrong such as any loss of money, equipment being stolen, the wrong equipment on stage right through to the food not being to requirements and expected standards. It was critical to receive clear instructions from the promoter and pass them on just as clearly to my security people.

Well readers I hope you find this article of interest as it is only a small window of some of my life experiences.

Heoi ano from Indonesia but back home soon NÄ Hugh Harawira Lynn

School days 1949 - (Hugh front row, second from left)

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Pipiwharauroa Kōrero o Te Wā

Meka Whaitiri

Minister must delay land reforms Whatungarongaro te tangata toitū te whenua As man disappears from sight, the land remains The importance of land, or whenua, to Māori cannot be overstated. Our whenua has a cultural and spiritual significance and is recognised as taonga tuku iho: a treasure handed down from earlier generations. For iwi, hapū and whānau our connection to our land is a connection to our personal and tribal identity.

Strong legislation applying to Māori land is therefore essential to Māori – not just in providing rules for governing a key resource – but for maintaining the connection of people to their land and identity.

After over a century of struggling with the effects of bad legislation that disadvantaged Māori and led to the massive loss of land, a hard won CrownMāori consensus resulted in our current law: Te Ture Whenua Māori Act 1993.

It is for these reasons the proposed reform of Māori land laws - spearheaded by Minister for Māori Development Te Ururoa Flavell - has been viewed by many Māori landowners, leaders and organisations with such scepticism and concern.

Now the Waitangi Tribunal have released their highly critical report on the Minister’s draft Te Ture Whenua Bill, he has little choice but to adopt a more robust approach to the reforms. The Tribunal has slammed

the consultation process and identified a number of issues with the Minister’s Bill. What remains to be seen is whether the Minister will do the right thing and take the Tribunal’s recommendations on board.

Today Māori freehold land comprises over 1.4 million hectares – approximately 5.5% of New Zealand’s land mass. About 26% of Māori freehold land is in IkaroaRāwhiti and so, in representing the many concerned landowners in my electorate, I have led Labour’s response to the Te Ture Whenua Bill.

So why reform Māori land laws? The Crown asserts the current Act’s constraints have led to the underperformance of up to 80% of Māori land and believes new legislation will unlock hundreds of millions of dollars in returns for owners.

It’s true there are challenges for Māori landowners who want to improve the development of their land.

The more than 27,000 blocks of Māori land mean finding relevant information can pose problems.

These issues aside, there has been no sufficient case made for the complete repeal of the existing Act. The current Act took more than ten years to pass through the various stages of law-making. That shows the consideration required when attempting major changes to the relationship between Māori and their land. I have been critical of the process around the reforms because the Minister has not applied this necessary level of care.

Since publishing the first draft Bill in May 2015, the process has been characterised by a sense that the Minister is determined to rush through his bill come hell or high water.

Others expressed concern about the reforms to the extent that three Waitangi Tribunal claims were lodged against them in late 2014.

For many critics of the reforms, the Tribunal report has confirmed their concerns.

The Tribunal stated that Māori would be disadvantaged if the Bill went ahead in its current form, and noted several major problems with the reforms, even declaring that the consultation hui in June 2015 breached legal standards. Having attended many of the hui, including over half of the 21 hui hastily organised this February, I can attest to the fact that many attendees were at a loss as to why so little time was given to absorb the details and implications of the 350 page Bill.

Perhaps most concerning, the Tribunal found there was no extensive evidence-based research on the existing Act. This means the entire reform process has been undertaken without the necessary homework done on what the real barriers are to utilising Māori land.

Te Ururoa Flavell proudly says 109 changes have been made to the Bill since first publishing it, but why has it taken a Waitangi Tribunal hearing to prompt further analysis and amendments to this Bill? This is an example of legislation being made on the fly, and that’s a poor approach to take with our land laws.

There’s simply no way he can, in good conscience, introduce the Bill this month as planned.

The Tribunal Report does provide the Minister an opportunity to now go back and do things properly.

This will cost political capital and irk his National Government friends, but that will pale in comparison to the wrath of Māori landowners if he continues to ignore their concerns.

Our whenua is too important to us to let him get this wrong.

Days Gone By

The tower belongs to the brewery that William Crawford was sent to Gisborne to build for Whitsons in 1874. The brewery stood on the corner of Reads Quay and Lowe Street and was a landmark for many years, being the only three­storeyed building in town until William King built his flour mill in Palmerston Road. Crawford bought it from Whitsons the year after it was built and ran it for himself

Pipiwharauroa Ngāi Tāmanuhiri / Horse Sports

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Kōrero o Te Wā

Kei te haere tonu ngā mahi.

Next month John Kamana & I are travelling to Christchurch to connect with all our whānau living in Te Waipounamu. We are keen to share some updates about Ngāi Tāmanuhiri developments, enrol and register members and talk about a Tāmanuhiri Roopu ki Te Waipounamu. It’s also an opportunity to catch up and listen to our people and how they all are.

Ko te Oranga o te Iwi, Kei Tutu, Kei Poroporo, The prosperity of Tāmanuhiri is in our whenua, moana and whānau

Pānui 31 March - Tūranga Health Checks - 9:30am-noon, Muriwai Trust Office 6 April - Muriwai Marae Commitee Hui - 6pm, Muriwai 14 April - Tūranga Health Checks - 9:30am-noon, Muriwai Trust Office 15 April - April Hunga Pakeke Hui - 10am, Muriwai 25 April - ANZAC For more news, kōrero, pānui and photos please visit our facebook page (facebook.com/Ngai.Tamanuhiri) or visit our website (tamanuhiri.iwi.nz ) where you can register as an iwi member, or as a friend to the iwi, and pānui can be emailed to you. Kia ora!

Amazing view from the homestead

What: Tāmanuhiri – kei tutu kei poroporo When: Saturday 9 April from 1pm to 4pm Where: c/- Te Puni Kokiri, BNZ Centre, Level 1, 120 Hereford Street, Christchurch Who: Tāmanuhiri Tangata John is taking registrations for the hui - j.kamana@tamanuhiri.iwi.nz or 06 863 3560 Our Trustees Matene Blandford & Angus Ngarangioue are leading the development of a Mana Moana strategy. They will be meeting with our Hunga Pakeke next month about this and seeking their views about mataitai reserves. Other work related to this will be developed further in the year including rāhui and how Tāmanuhiri can act proactively in our role as kaitieki.

The Whareongaonga 5 hui recently held was a positive start to looking at the future management and administration of Whareongaonga B. Thanks to the Trustees of Whareongaonga 5 for bringing us all together. Whareongaonga B is the block where Te Kooti and the Whakarau returned on 9 July 1868 on the ship the Rifleman. We will all be commemorating this event on 9 July 2018 followed by the 150th anniversary of the birth of Te Haahi Ringatū on 12 July 2018. For these reasons it’s a particularly important piece of whenua to Tāmanuhiri. I will keep you updated on the two year commemoration programme that is being collectively developed by Te Aitanga-ā-Māhaki, Rongowhakaata and Ngāi Tāmanuhiri as further updates come to hand.

Kāti mō tēnei wā Nā Robyn Rauna

The Whareongaonga 5 homestead

Tairāwhiti Wins Peggy McDonald Horse Sports Day

Local team, Tairāwhiti won both the first prize and prize for sportsmanship at the Peggy McDonald Horse Sports held last month in Opotiki. Riders were (back from left to right) Rameka Maynard holding the sportsmanship trophy, Quinn Sidney, June Manuel, Kayla Manuel, Koby Williams, Tracey Maynard, Ryan Maynard, Linda Williams, Mike Williams and Andrew Williams. In front, holding the prized trophy, are Alazay Manuel and Riata Maynard. Second place went to Rough Riders, another local team

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Pipiwharauroa Molly Pardoe in Vanuatu

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Volunteering in Vanuatu February 2016

Living among the communities and working alongside the Troppodoc medical team for a month was the ultimate experience for me as a volunteer. The team consisted of Dr Derek Allan founder and director of Troppodoc, Diana a midwife who travels with Derek, Zac, a New Zealand male nurse with an accident and emergency background, Francesca a nurse and her husband Joshua, a helicopter pilot and the two other non-meds, Helen from Wellington and me. As a volunteer you need to be able to pay your travel, your keep and sometimes accommodation costs. But the journey far outweighs the personal cost.

I took 300 pairs of locally donated recycled reading glasses, solar lights, medicines, a mechanical tool set and balloons for the children. The people don’t have access to good reading glasses and are so grateful to receive them. While I was there I also found out that sunglasses are another really important item of need. There is no electricity and solar lights are a very useful gift as well.

When Vanuatu gained independence from the French and English in 1980 the infrastructure was not in place for their future. Our accommodation at the hospital was very run down without working showers or toilets and a non-functioning gas stove.

All cooking is done on open fires. However, on the positive side, the people still have their culture, their family structures, their language and their autonomy. Each village has a chief and then there is an overall chief of chiefs.

The simplicity of life in these small villages is a real awakening from the materialism that exists in the so-called progressive world we live in. All their huts are built around each other. Most have one accommodation for communal living and each family has a small kitchen for cooking and eating. The sides are constructed of corrugated iron and the roofs are thatched. Although the people may seem to have hardships, from my perspective, their values, their lifestyle and their survival through many adversities allow them to remain intact as a people. They may be poor in the sense of lack of money and material goods, but rich in that most of their traditions and culture have remained.

The People are so very poor yet so very kind and hospitable. Nothing was too much trouble. I called them the ‘kind nosey neighbours’ because every time they greeted you they wanted to know where you were going or what you were up to and then avail themselves to help if need be. Like teaching me to light the fire, get a full bucket of water out of the well, cook a banana pie and make fruit salad from their tropical fruits. And all of this is done with such sincere kindness.

The outcome of a family feud

Dr Derek Allen founder/director of Troppodoc and Nurse Diana with their ‘baby’ Hilda in the centre

Balloons for the young people

Their staple diet is bread fruit, kumara, taro, cabbage similar to spinach, sometimes fish and noodles or rice and mango, pineapple and pawpaw. There is very little meat, if any. The chickens, pigs and cattle beasts are left for special occasions and just roam freely around the villages.

We later learnt that it was a family feud of two years that had come to a head. He was still in hospital when I left four weeks later. One of the interesting observations, the incident happened on Friday afternoon but the local village policeman said that, as it was Friday, he’d deal with it on Monday!

Education is a luxury for the children.

Twenty percent do not go to primary and forty percent do not go to high school. While there I decided to sponsor two children from one family, Joyce who has excellent grades at high school and her sister Leonie who is at primary school. Dr Derek and Diana have custody of their 18 month old sister Hilda who they have had since she was five months old. She travels with them to all the countries where they work.

Cyclone Pam hit Vanuatu at the end of 2015 and much of the destruction is still very visible today including wrecked buildings and atrocious roads with huge pot holes. The locals all travel these roads that are shared by vehicles, people and animals all just accepting that its condition is the way it is. I counted only around five trucks that were the key transport system of getting people or cargo to the airport, to the boats or the markets.

Birthing – Four babies were born in the time I was there. On the first day Water is precious. Because we arrived about 6pm, settled in, ate, talked then went to bed. In the Elian Vanuatu Nurse with her daughter there had been a drought for weeks before I arrived, water early hours of the morning Dr Derek Yolande knocked on the door as there was a birth happening. in the hospital tank that was shared by the village We changed and went down to the primitive hospital. was rationed and for drinking only. The other water supply was the village well. The trick was to use a The mother was on a plastic sheet and lighting was hooked stick with a bucket hanging on it, dip it in the simply a solar torch that kept going out during the well and hope it stayed on the end as you hauled it birthing process, it was so hot as well. I stood and up. It took me several attempts to get a full bucket, fanned the mother who laboured without a sound. No but I eventually mastered it. You then carted the pain relief. A healthy baby was born. No shower for buckets back to the accommodation. mother or washing baby, just dress baby and transfer them both to another room that was very stark. Being a country person I was always mindful of not That’s it, all done. One birth was life threatening wasting water so I bought a large basin from the as the baby was not able to breathe, Dr Derek and store to wash in. The washing ritual was to first wash Nurse Diana worked on the infant while the mother your body as best you could as you squatted in the lay there waiting for attention. I thought about our tub of water, then, on bended knees wash your hair systems where the baby would be rushed to neo-natal followed by your clothes before recycling the last of it to flush the toilet. Often I would even use the last and several nurses would be assisting the mother. drop to wash the floor before eventually went down The lovely children often came very sick with malaria the toilet. After five minutes of such effort to wash and raging temperatures. One family had walked 45 so much I would be all hot and sweaty all over again. minutes in the terrible heat to get help for their child.

Many of the people we saw had awful infected sores from mosquito bites, they don’t have the luxury of mosquito nets or burners to ward off the insects.

Family feud and an attempted murder are not common but on my second day there, a large group of people came running to the clinic carrying a man who had been attacked with a machete. He had massive head injuries with blood literally pouring out of the back of his head like a running tap, a badly cut hand and other injuries. Dr Derek and the medical team and volunteers worked for several hours to contain the massive bleeding and an air ambulance was called to transfer him to Port Vila hospital. The patient and New Zealand male nurse had to travel on the truck to the airport where they transferred him and a medical person onto the air ambulance.

Soap Factory - hand prepared natural soap

Pipiwharauroa Molly Pardoe in Vanuatu

I LOVED the people, the women and children are just beautiful and the men folk don’t have an ounce of fat on them because they work in extreme heat and walk for miles just to tend to their vegetable gardens. One day I was taken for a ‘walk’ up to their waterworks past their gardens that I thought were close by. No one told me it was a two hour challenging trek up the hill and I was only wearing jandals. I thought to myself as I wondered if I would make it, ‘How on earth do they do trips like this so often, tend their gardens then make the trip home again carrying fresh produce back with them?’

Every time I thought I could not stand another moment of the heat, I looked at the locals and said to myself, ‘get over yourself, you’ll be home in a month and they’ll still be here!’

The Cooking facilities are basic and all the families had open fires to cook on creating excessive smoke that billowed in all directions.

Boiling the kettle for a hot morning cuppa was quite a challenge.

One day a family brought us a delicious banana pie and I happened to mention that I would like to learn how to make one as bananas were plentiful and frequently given to us. With the cooking lesson over, I returned to the hospital while the pie was cooked in my absence.

Armed with the knowledge I headed off the next day to the very basic local store to buy flour and sugar then proceeded with my pie preparation tasks. Making the pie was eazy peazy but cooking it was totally another story.

Local buildlers, no OSH or Health & Safety regulations

Assisted by one of the lovely ladies, I lit the fire and immediately started to choke on the smoke from here to eternity but had to keep it going to heat the stones, all of that during a 100 degree heatwave.

Eventually the stones were heated, the pot, which was like a cast iron camping oven, was then placed on the very hot stones with more hot stones placed on the lid. On top of all that we had to ensure that the stones were kept hot for about ¾ of an hour for the pie to be cooked, it seemed like several hours.

Thank goodness everyone enjoyed the finished product!

One of the villages was a boat ride away. When the work was finished there, we had to walk to three other communities to provide clinics. It gave us the chance to visit a hand crafted soap factory on one of the islands where we were working.

There, in the peak of the heat, the women sat, grinding away with their hand graters and producing such a wonderful product. All the soap is prepared by hand and the ingredients are from natural sources. The finished product is sold in Third World Shops.

Their project leader is a New Zealand woman who visits from time to time to advise, assist and encourage them.

Again they, like many others in the community, have very basic facilities to work with.

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Flies, ants and dogs are everywhere and it used to amaze me to see folk with flies all over their face not even flinching. When people came in with infected mosquito bites that had turned into nasty open sores, you could hardly clean them without battling the flies.

Then there were these huge ants just everywhere in the kitchen, even crawling up your arms while you were standing at the sink and there were dogs and puppies everywhere too.

Transport is challenging and ND Air travel so unreliable.

I had planned to fly to Vanuatu on 31 January but Air New Zealand, followed by other airlines, suspended their flights there. The problem, it seemed, was the runway was deemed to be unsafe.

Fortunately I was able to transfer my travel to Air Vanuatu and flew out on 2 February. I had an overnight stay in Port Villa, the capital of Vanuatu then on to Lamap with a drop off at Santos on the way. Planes only go to Lamap on Mondays and Thursdays but the airline is very unreliable with flights often being cancelled.

A Lost Suitcase was a story in itself.

As I mentioned I had taken several boxes with recycled spectacles, tool sets donated by my daughter-in-law, solar lights, balloons and the like all of which arrived at my final destination but minus my suitcase!

After many phones calls and so-called guarantees from the airline that it would arrive on the next flight after five days it still had not happened. Minus fresh changes of clothing, I checked two options. One was to charter a plane at a cost of $2,800 New Zealand dollars or take a 2 ½ day boat ride with an overnight stay to collect the suitcase.

Leonie, with cooked food that her mother had prepared for us. She walked about ½ hour from her home to bring it

The health committee was made up of all men who were certainly ‘jack of all trades.’ They were always doing odd jobs to maintain the health clinic and their energy and commitment to the tasks was incredible. One exceptionally hot day they were fixing a hole in the huge water tank, all done manually without modern tools. They only had a ladder, shovels and a couple of small hand tools to mix the concrete. I immediately thought of OSH! These men work with such energy in the tremendous heat. It is something to see.

The Markets at Lamap were held three times a week and we tried to support the women by buying their produce. They travel from several islands by boat or truck and it is a very long day for them. Once the market is finished those who travelled in by boat have to wait down on the beach to be picked up.

Water Safety – the children learn from a very young age how to swim and most swam alone, just all the kids, playing and having fun. I went down to the sea one day to meet one of the ladies who was fishing.

There was the little Downes Syndrome boy, aged about four years, swimming alone. That was his daily routine.

I had paid travel insurance of $370 and thought at the time that was excessive. In consultation with the team I decided to take the plane charter option and eventually found my precious belongings. How can a lady do without her necessities for five whole days and nights? I reckon if there is a TV programme for over 70s surviving on a deserted island, I would win hands down!

I texted my daughter in Gisborne to update the travel agent and his response was the insurance company would probably pay for ‘replacement of clothes.’ The couple of shops on the island sold just the basics with tea towels being the only cloth items. My daughter reckoned it would have been cheaper for her to buy me a whole set of clothes and bring them over! Moral of the story take a spare set of necessities in your back pack which reminds me that I’m about to post off a baby pack for one of the local Vanuatu ladies who is having a baby. She told me if it is a girl, she will name her Molly!

Two very special men were Christian and Alfonz who came to us several times a day to help with any task we needed. Living in close proximity allowed us to build some really lovely friendships.

The families are so generous.

We would frequently get fresh vegetables and fruit or a lovely cooked food would just arrive. Their traditional dishes are Laplap and Simboro that require such a lot of preparation before being cooked on an open fire. We were hosted at many ‘welcome’ festivities, kava ceremonies and ‘farewell’ feasts.

In one of the farewell ceremonies I gained a ‘village brother’ named Chief Mathias who was a very kind and gentle man. I felt it was such an honour.

One of the elders of the community left the hospital to go home to die. On his passing, as is the tradition, the men of the family don’t shave. They grow a beard for 100 days until the grieving process is over on the 100th day. They have to bury their loved ones the very next day following the death due to the heat but no one washes until the fifth day following the passing. I visited the home with Dr Derek and the setup was similar to our Māori whānau traditions.

The body was on the veranda, with whānau all around and extended whānau bringing food to share.

Many activities stop in the middle of the day as it is too hot. School starts at 7.30 and goes to 11.30 then starts again at 1.30 through to 4.30. One day, sitting in the shade with a Vanuatu nurse called Elian, we watched seven men from the health committee build a kitchen for her. They came and dropped the posts, well not like our posts, they used trees for posts. I’m trying to explain to Elian how things are done in NZ. I tell her that in my country it’s blah, blah, blah to get a building permit, then blah, blah, blah for resource consent, more blah, blah and still no building permits but lots of money spent. Here, after only hours the kitchen was built. Admittedly very basic, with a fireplace but all is done then another truck arrives with a whole pile of wood for Elian.

If you have a love of people, have good health and a wee bit of an adventurous spirit, then volunteering in this way is very rewarding. Adapting to living without all the mod cons in our lives is all part of the experience. I would sincerely encourage you, the readers to think about such fantastic and rewarding opportunities.

Leonie, Molly and Joyce. Molly has sponsored Joyce for a year a high school and Leonie to attend primary.

Rongowhakaata Iwi Trust

E te tini e te mano, rarau mai ki nga pitopito kōrero o te Rongowhakaata Iwi Trust mo te marama o Māehe 2016.

Chairs KŌrero: Kia Ora koutou. E te rangatira Dudley Ria haere, haere, haere atu rā. Ki te whānau Bella raua Dudley Ria, ka nui te aroha ki a koutou mo tō pōuri nui.

Another Rongowhakaata icon gone, to join our tipuna. Such a caring and gentle man.

As usual life in the Trust is busy; Elections to replace 3 Trustees is underway, please check you are registered and vote! Tairāwhiti Museum Exhibition and the concepts thinking for Te Papa are also underway. Please log on to Facebook or email the Trust with any queries. It is such a great opportunity for us and we want as many people as possible to be a part of these projects.

Come to the Hui-ā-Iwi so you can hear what is happening and have a say. It is at Ōhako Marae on 16 April. We are all working hard for you but need to hear from you.

Ngā mihi, Moera Brown Chair The Board recognizes their most important task for the first half of this year, is the completion of the Rongowhakaata Iwi Trust Strategic Plan, by June.

Essentially, it is an opportunity for all Iwi members to contribute, and have their say as to the future of Rongowhakaata. To guide this process, we will host a couple of wānanga in the coming six weeks.

Do try to come along as we want to maximize participation, from tamariki to pakeke. For those who cannot attend the wānanga our social media and our website will have open forums for all to contribute. Your imput is required to make the Rongowhakaata strategic plan strong.

The only criteria for participation is a focus on forward thinking! We will ensure Iwi members are updated once the wānanga dates and times are confirmed. We are looking to have one in Gisborne at Te Kuri ā Tuatai Marae, and the other at Ōhako Marae.

Naku te rourou nau te rourou ka ora ai te Iwi Nau Mai, Haere Mai! Alayna Watene, CEO Following on from our last update on the Rongowhakaata Iwi Exhibition at Te Papa in 2017-19, we would like to congratulate Karl Johnstone on his appointment as Concept Leader.

Our Rongowhakaata Iwi Review Group are currently working through the concept development / business case, due at the end of April. This will be addressed at the upcoming Hui-ā-iwi, as we will seek your feedback and ideas.

On March 1 Moera Brown Chair, Karl and the CEO met with the Te Papa team. It was a positive experience that highlighted our pragmatic approach to the partnership. For us to lead our content, and through innovation redefine iwi exhibitions at the Museum, is exciting.

The Rongowhakaata Iwi Exhibition at Tairāwhiti Museum continues to be discussed with key planning to continue over the coming months.

RONGOWHAKAATA HUI-A-IWI Saturday 16 April at Ōhako Marae.

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Pipiwharauroa Rongowhakaata Iwi Trust

Dudley Ria

This is a great opportunity for Iwi members come together to contribute and listen, and to think strategically through issues.

Agenda items include: • The Strategic Plan • Rongowhakaata Iwi Trust Tertiary Scholarships • Rongowhakaata Iwi Exhibition at Te Papa 2017-19 • Te Haa, Navigations, Cook • Te Hau Ki Tūranga • Rekohu / Wharekauri

Set to run from December 2016 - April 2017, it is important for us to continue this mahi whilst planning for Te Papa. It will allow Iwi members involved with both projects the opportunity to see how they align and feed into one another, and support the mahi required to provide world-class exhibitions in two years including Marae Exhibitions.

Rongowhakaata Iwi Trust was successful in an application to Te Wai Māori Trust to enhance and protect the Te Arai / Waipāoa Inanga spawning grounds. The project team and key details will be announced once formalities have been finalized. It is another solid environmental initiative as RIT continues to encourage kaitiekitanga.

Shortly, a community accessible computer will be available to support local Iwi members. Whether you want to check emails, submit study link applications or the variety of other amenities it can provide, it will be based in the Manutuke CMB reception near the Trust Office entrance. We will update iwi members via email, our website and Facebook when it is ready.

Elections: The by-elections are progressing smoothly.

Nominations for Ōhako, Manutuke and Te Pāhou Marae close March 30. Registered Iwi members have until then to update their details, including a correct postal address and Marae affiliation if they have not registered one yet. The Returning Officer Adam Maynard is available to assist in answering queries and is currently based in the Trust Office. To contact him please call: 0800 766 469.

Candidates will be announced on March 31, via email, our website www.rongowhakaata.iwi.nz and Facebook. In the event that a Marae has only one candidate (nominee) then that person will automatically be appointed as a Trustee for that Marae. If however a Marae has two or more candidates an election will be held. If there are no candidates for a Marae, nominations will be re-opened at a later date.

Assuming that at least one Marae requires an election then elections are scheduled to begin on the 11th of April. Postal ballots will be sent out to all members affiliated to those Marae who have an up-to-date postal address recorded with the Trust. Expect the ballots to arrive over the following week.

Voting booths will also be available at the following sites: The Rongowhakaata Iwi Trust Office: 78 Whakato Road, Manutuke.

Te Rūnanga o Tūranganui ā Kiwa: Ngā Wai e Rua building, Cnr Lowe Street and Reads Quay, Gisborne.

Elections are scheduled to close on 3 May with results announced on 6 May 2016. We look forward to sharing other exciting developments with you in the coming months through Pīpīwharauroa and our April Hui-āIwi.

Ko taku matenui ki taku iwi, ka tū marae ahau Dudley and I are connected through whakapapa as our great grandmothers were the Westrupp sisters, Puna and Amiria of Ngāti Maru and lived in Tuaraki Road.

We were also neighbours on the Mirimiri Block in Papatū Road. The other connection we had were our parents who lived and breathed the virtues of mahi kai, their gardens that went forever and ever and ever and who understood and practised the principles of whānau. Both sets were strict, but I do think we were lucky as we got to experience the tail end of their disciplinarian ways. So Manutuke was it, Papatū Road was our Highway 69 where we took the Red Bus to kura otherwise it was the pipeline or swing bridge if we missed it. We both had the gardens and animals to look after with an additional bonus of fieldwork in the grapes, tomatoes or maize for some extra cash for the Kainga.

For Dud though this start gave him the platform to put his footprint on this world. Besides schooling and working together Dud had many passions and interests that he willingly shared with many. First came his hangi gears, he traversed to all Marae in Manutuke no matter the occasion to assist the back and, at times, ventured over to Ngāi Tāmanuhiri, Whānau ā Kai, Ngāti Oneone and many other rōhe. That was his tautoko, his manaaki, to awhi at weddings, birthdays, tangi, unveilings, christenings and rages, Dud would be there. Second came Dud’s vehicles. From Minis, Vauxhalls, Fords, Holdens, tractors, trucks, he loved them all. He backed this up by sourcing the appropriate qualifications to indulge his passion and then accordingly realized this with his vocational choices.

Third came music. There were not many YMP functions of the 80s and 90s where Dud was not at the helm as the lead DJ. His tapes, sound systems and music compilations commanded him a space whereby he was 'it'. More recently came his managerial role alongside the star studded Dark Horses. Fourth came ‘Independence.’ Although Dud came across ‘happy go lucky’ he was fiercely independent and fought hard to keep his independence. Sometimes it would get him offside with those close to him, but once he set his sights on something, that was it. Dud’s determination to manage his illness at home is but one example, I understand that there were only three other people in New Zealand managing their same illness at home at the time he did. It was complex, it required support and it required commitment. Dud thoroughly thought it through and made his choice.

And finally for Dud, came Manutuke, he both loved the place, the people, the Kura, Kōhanga Reo, Marae, Church, Post Office, Shop, Hall, Garage, Orchards, Farms, YMP, Mustangs, Papatū Road, the Main Road, Waingake, Taurau Valley, Whakato Road, Tuaraki Road . . . everybody knew Dud, Manutuke was his DNA. Some people have said fifty years too young, I say that Dud’s life was rich, it was crammed full of trials and tribulations and it was full of the exploits as a Ruapani and Rongowhakaata prodigy. There will be many who will never get to experience this in a lifetime. Dud was whānau, loving, caring, reliable, dependable, he had your back and was prepared to always go that bit extra. People like Dud are few and far between.

Thank you cousin.

Nā Reweti Ropiha

Pipiwharauroa Māori in WW1

Māori in the First World War THE BATTLE OF THE SOMME (PART 2)

BY DR MONTY SOUTAR

A syllabus of training, similar to that at Staples, was set down for the for the next six days and while the men applied themselves diligently, the programme had to be cut short when the Battalion was ordered to move up to the Front - 44 miles (70 kms) away at Fricourt. Maj. Buck was pleased as the village was too quiet for his liking. “One can hardly buy a decent or indecent book,” he wrote.1 The men’s illfitting footwear was still giving many of them trouble and trying to find a solution seemed only to lead to frustration. “Boots are getting worse and worse every day,” wrote Lt-Col King, “and there does not seem much prospect of getting either boots or blankets out of our Ordinance who are as slow as ever.”2 Discipline among all ranks had to be maintained, more so as the battalion was moving to the Front. When two sergeants from A Company, Te Au and Fisher, turned up at Hallencourt after absenting themselves at Staples, they were de-ranked to privates and had to forfeit four days’ pay.3 An open-air concert was held on the steps of the Hotel de Ville (i.e. village hall) that night (24 August) before a fairly decent sized crowd. The French spectators, who gathered in the town square, were greatly taken with the song sung by 2/Lt Henare Kohere’s party and the haka ‘Ka mate’. Eight Māori and 58 “Dinkums” arrived that night to reinforce the Battalion.4 The next morning at 5 a.m. (25 August) a certain group of Pioneers were marched down to an orchard across the road from the Hallencourt Communal Cemetery.

These men, a sergeant and 10 O.R.s, were to provide the firing squad for the execution of Pte Frank Hughes who had been found guilty of desertion. The 28-year old private from Gore was led from his cell, a man on either arm, and placed against a tree as the firing squad took their positions. It is not known from which company the Pioneers were chosen, but an eyewitness later recounted, “The Māoris did [it]. I had to go down and warn them . . . . We kept it quiet.”

Apparently, Hughes was given the option of wearing a blindfold but he declined, reportedly saying: “Don’t put the bandage over my eyes – I want to see them shoot.” Pte Hughes was buried in the adjacent cemetery. He was the first New Zealand soldier to be shot for desertion.5 Sergeant Rhind, a clerk on the headquarters staff of the NZ Division, noted the occasion: This morning at 5 a.m. the first New Zealand soldier was shot for desertion. The firing party came from the Pioneers and I have just seen them marching back into town so I suppose it’s all over now. It will have a great effect on some of the men.6 The day before they left Hallencourt, the whole Battalion had the day off and got the chance to bathe in the river Somme, five miles (8 kms) from Hallencourt and close to the village of Fontaine.7

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TO THE SOMME

At 6.20 a.m. on 27 August the transport moved out, much improved under 2/Lt Henry Montgomery of Port Chalmers. He was previously the Battalion’s R.S.M. They joined the Engineers’ transport at Airaines and headed west marching for Dernacourt near Albert.9 Earlier that morning, the Battalion marched from their billets in the pouring rain. At Longpre they entrained and travelled 25 miles (40 kms) via Amiens to the village of Mericourt in the East.

Mericourt is about 11 kms from Albert―the main town behind the lines for those Allied troops nearest to the Somme battlefields and out of which the British had driven the Germans at the beginning of the first big push.

Shot at Dawn memorial, at the National Memorial Arboretum, United Kingdom.

Frank Hughes was one of 28 members of the NZEF sentenced to death during the war. Five of these men, all privates, faced a firing squad. In September 2000 all five men received posthumous pardons when our parliament passed the Pardon for Soldiers of the Great War Act.

The first thing the Māori lads noticed were the German prisoners working at the railway station. In the following days they would see more batches of Germans marched by on their way to prison compounds. From Mericourt the Battalion marched almost four miles (6 kms) in the rain to the crossroads, just past what was once Fricourt village, where they were to bivouac. The rain was still coming down in sheets so they did not rest until there was a break in the weather. Only a handful of the newer hands fell out during the march.

Capt. Ennis, who had gone by car with a staff officer of XV Corps to locate the Pioneers camp area met the companies as they arrived footsore and weary. That evening large tarpaulins had to be erected on poles to give the men a larger area of shelter then what their oilskin bivvies provided.

The Pioneers were now about five miles (8 kms) from the front trenches and situated on the forward slope of a hill running north to Ancre Brook. This area of the Somme was to be home to the Battalion for the next six weeks. From the hill they overlooked the enormous camps of the British Army. “It is immense, glorious and a sight never to be forgotten,” wrote B Company’s Capt. Edward Harris.

After strenuous marches and carrying our full packs on our backs we arrived here wet with heavy rain and no billets to step into. A small section of ground sloping down to the Ancre River – a name now known as having been the starting point of the Great Big Park?

The deafening roar of the British big guns in this locality was thunderous and continual. “There are big guns all around,” wrote Lt-Col King, who was sure the area would be shelled sooner or later, “they certainly don’t spare the ammunition.” The crossroads were bombed the following evening and while there were no casualties the colonel thought it wise to start looking for a safe place to camp.

As might be expected so close to the front trenches, the traffic on the roads in this area was heavy with all types of vehicles, guns and infantry continuously passing the Pioneer’s camp. About 100 metres above the campsite were some Australian heavy Howitzers (i.e. short-barrelled artillery guns designed to fire shells on high trajectories at low velocities with a steep angle of descent) and the Grenadier Guards were close behind with several Caterpillar tanks cunningly camouflaged. Despite the intermittent heavy rain showers, flies were almost as bad as at

SEPTEMBER: SECOND BIG PUSH IN THE SOMME AREA The Battle of the Somme was to be the first major trial that the 15,000-strong New Zealand Division would face in France. When the Division was ordered to the Lower Somme to join the Allies’ second big push, no one could know what lay in store for the Kiwis. Nearly 6000 were to be wounded and 2000 would lose their lives.

Worse, over half the New Zealand Somme dead would have no known grave. The Pioneer Battalion would be at the Somme front for six weeks from 27 August until 6 October. Their losses would amount to 39 killed or died of wounds and over 100 wounded.8

Gallipoli, except here they did not cling so badly. Sgt Tamepo summed up the Pioneers’ first impressions of the Somme when he wrote, “Mud, noise, and life in general here is simply terrible.”

The Battalion along with the Engineers had been sent ahead of the rest of the New Zealand Division.

Together the two units’ immediate task was to repair roads and consolidate trenches (Carlton and Savoy) along the old German Second Line on what was known as the Bazentin Ridge―both units taking their orders from the Chief Engineer of the XV Corps (C.R.E.). The New Zealanders would find that some of the captured trenches were often so battered in by their own artillery that it was scarcely worthwhile trying to repair them. Some contained holes that went 14 feet (4 metres) down so that it was often better to dig entirely new trenches on firm ground.

Added to this these recently won trenches often became a ranging mark for German guns.

The Pioneers major task at the Somme, however, was to dig arterial routes, which connected the rear lines of trenches along their section of the Front with the forward ones. These particular communication routes would become famously known as “Turk Lane” and “French Lane”. Each time the infantry advanced over new ground and occupied another line of German trenches, the Pioneers dug the lanes forward to keep up with them. Despite not being in the assaults that were launched from the front trenches from mid-September on, the Pioneers were still vulnerable to the shells and machine-gun fire coming from the enemy’s lines. All their trench work would be done with the knowledge that they could be gassed or hit by bullets and shrapnel at any time.

SHRAPNEL AND HIGH EXPLOSIVE SHELLS As far as the Pioneers were concerned, at the Somme it was not the German infantry they needed to be wary of, but rather the enemy’s artillery. Two types of shells were being used by the Germans―shrapnel and high-explosive (H.E.). Shrapnel shells carried a large number of individual bullets close to the target and then ejected them to allow the bullets to continue along the shell’s trajectory and hit the target individually. The higher the shell’s velocity, the more lethal the bullets impact. H.E. shells were more frightful for not only were they designed to explode on impact, but depending on the type of fuze, they could also detonate in flight. The exploding shell would immediately rain metal fragments over a wide circumference. These shell splinters ranged from tiny particles, able to penetrate deep inside the human body, to big and sharp steel sections able to sever limbs or bodies. When used with a delay fuze the shell could explode underground and produce shell holes of varying sizes, creating the distinctive lunar-type landscape seen in Western Front battlefield photographs.

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Pipiwharauroa Ngā Tama Toa

Page 12

2/Lt TE MOANA-NUI-A-KIWA NGARIMU

Ko tēnei kōrero e pā ana ki te pukapuka rongonui nei, ara Ngā Tama Toa: The Price of Citizenship.

Kei te whakamāoritia ngā kōrero, ā, ko Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Porou kei te whakahaere i te kaupapa nei, i raro anō o te mana i tukua mai e ngā mōrehu o C Company o Ngā Taonga a Ngā Tama Toa Trust.

Nā Wiremu and Jossie Kaa i whakamāori tēnei wāhanga.

MOANA, E! MANAHI, E! TE PUKE O 209 ME TAKROUNA (Continued from last month)

KIA Ū KI A HIKURANGI E whai ana te Kamupene ‘C’ ki te kake i te maunga i te awatea ki te pakanga ki nga pū mīhini he hōhonu nei ta rātou takoto i roto i nga rua. Kore rawa e mohiotia ehia nga Tiamana i runga o Hikurangi i taua wa. E kore rawa a Kamupene ‘C’ e mohio kia mutu ra ano te pakanga i te ra o muri mai. He whakaritenga tēnei ki nga pakanga o te ao Maori i te wa i heke rawa mai a Ngapuhi ki te patu i a Ngati Porou i te awa o Awatere. He rite tēnei ki tana tipuna koroua ki a Te Whetukamokamo o nga tau 120 o mua noa atu i pakanga, a, mate noa. Kore rawa a Awatere i tumeke i tēnei āhuatanga, ka whakahau a ia i te kamupene kia huri ma te taha matau a, me tatari hoki ki tana reo.

I taua wa, ko te whakaaro o nga hoia ko te Puke o 209 tonu a Hikurangi, a, no te taetanga atu o Awatere ki te tapa o Hikurangi, ki te titiro ki tana mahere, katahi ia ka mohio kei te titiro kē rātou ki te taumata hē. E rua kē nga pito o te Puke o 209, ko Hikurangi rāua ko 209. He whenua nui hoki tēnei, he maha hoki nga pū mīhini a te hoariri i reira. He whārua hoki i reira e 800 iari te tawhiti mai i tētahi pito ki tētahi pito. Whakatekateka ana te rārangi mai o nga pū mīhini a te hoariri mai i raro ki te tihi o te maunga. E rua hoki nga pū mīhini nui na rāua nei hoki i tuki nga tanks e tū mai ana i runga i te tāheke whakararo.

Ko te Ope Iti 14 a Moana Ngarimu te mea i taumaha te patunga i a rātou, nona hoki nga whanaunga i roto i taua Ope Iti — he ope upoko mārō e kore e taea te kōrero atu. He momo tangata e pai ana ki a rātou nga tangata pakari me nga tangata toa. E kore hoki rātou e rata ki nga āpiha ngoikore. Engari hoki a Jackson rāua ko Haig, kua taunga kē rāua ki nga mahi whawhai hoia notemea kua tahi tau kē rāua i tū hei kaiwhakahaere mo nga Ope iti o mua mo te Kamupene ‘C’. Ko Ngarimu hoki i hono mai ki te Kamupene i te marama o Noema. Kua takoto hoki nga kōrero mo te hoia rua tekau ma toru nei ōna tau, i te wa o Crete, i reira hoki ka whakaturia a ia ki te whakahaere i te Ope Iti i te wa e noho hoia noa iho nei a ia. Otira, kore rawa a ia i uru mai i roto i nga whawhai o te koraha notemea, i te kura tonu a ia e ako ana hei āpiha i te OCTU. Ahakoa kua riro mai i a ia te mana whakahaere i te Ope iti 14 i te marama o Hanuere, ko te Putanga i Tebaga te wāhi tuatahi hei arahi māna i ōnā whanaunga ki te whawhai. Kei te tino mārama hoki a ia kua tau kē mai o rātou tautoko i a ia hei kaiarahi toa mo rātou.

I tīmata ta rātou tukinga i te 5 karaka i te ahiahi. Kua hono tahi a Kamupene ‘A’ rāua ko Kamupene ‘B’ kia

I kuraina a Moana Ngarimu i nga Kura Maori o Whareponga me Hiruharama. I nga tau 1934–5 ka haere a ia ki te Kareti o Te Aute.

Ka mutu tana kura i reira, ka ahi a ia i runga i te paamu hipi o ana matua i te wa i pakaru mai te pakanga.

He toa a ia mo te takaro whutuporo mo Ruatorea me te Tairawhiti.

E 20 ana tau i tana hononga atu hei hoia. He maha tonu ana kāwai mai i nga toa o Ngati Porou me te Whānau-a-Apanui. I kitea atu tana toa hei kaiārahi i te pakanga i Crete, i reira hoki ka riro i a ia te mana whakahaere o tana Ope Iti i waenganui i te pakanga kino i reira, me te mānukanuka o nga whakahaere tū pakari ai rāua hei tuara hei āwhina i a Kamupene ‘C’. Ina neke atu a Kamupene ‘C’ ki te taha matau, katahi ka auē katoa mai nga pū katoa a te Hokowhitu a Tū ki te tuki i a Hikurangi. Ko nga pū mīhini hoki a te hoariri kua mauherehere ki te whenua, i konei ka hūpeke atu te Kamupene ki te maunga.

Miharo ana te whakahaere a Awatere i ta rātou tukinga atu ki Hikurangi. Ko ia tonu i mua e haere ana, e arahi ana i nga Ope Iti kia piki ki runga ki te maunga. He āhua rite tana mahi i te whakahaere o te kaiarahi i te pene puoro. E mātakitaki atu ana a Bennett i ana paikaraehe ki te rawe o te whakahau a Awatere i te Hokowhitu a Tū ki te tuki i te hoariri . . . He whio, he reo, me te tuhi o nga ringa nga tohu hei whakahau i te Hokowhitu a Tū ki te whawhai.

Ko Awatere kei te tū, ano e kaea ana i te ope haka, i ētahi wa, kei te pare kē tana taura ki te hoariri. Ka huke tonu a ia ki te akiaki i te Hokowhitu a Tū ki te kake i te maunga. Kotahi whatinga, ka rua whatinga, tae ra ano ki te taumata o te maunga.18 Katahi ka tirotirohia e Awatere ana hoia i a rātou e neke atu ana ki te matimati o te maunga.

Ka kitea e aku kanohi o tēnā o tēnā o rātou. Ka iri mai i runga i a rātou te āhuatunga o rātou ma kua riro ra ki te po, nga Kuri Paka a Uetuhiao, te tangata nei a Umuariki, a Tamahae, a Konohi, a Tuterangikatipu, me te tini noa iho o te hunga na rātou te rākau i onamata. Otira, kaore e taea te kupu te whakatakoto, e te whakaaro rānei te hopu, te waihanga taua wairua i kitea e au i roto i o rātou kanohi . . . Ko te āhua nei anei tōna kōrero ‘he haere tonu atu mo te mate atu.’

He hokinga mahara no Hoia Kaiwai o Ruatoria o taua kakenga, ano nei i reira ano a ia: I waimarie mātou he tracer kē a rātou matā.

Ka kite atu hoki koe i nga matā e rere mai ana ka taea e koe te peke atu ki tahaki, ki te heke atu rānei koe ki raro i a rātou, otira, ka haere whakamua me te pupuhi atu ki te takiwa e haere mai ana nga raiti. Pakū! pakū! Titaha! Titaha!

Pakū! Titaha! Katahi E Tama Poi, kei te kite atu ahau i nga tracers, e whakaruke whakarunga kē ana. Auē taukuri e! Katahi mātou ka mārama (kua taotū rātou i a mātou).’

Tau ana nga whakaaro o Kamupene ‘C’ i to rātou taenga atu ki raro o te maunga. He ngawari te taheke, otira he poupou. He uaua hoki mo nga pū mīhini a

hoia. I a rātou i roto i te koraha, ka āta kitea atu te pukumahi o Ngarimu, me tana kaingākau ki te whai i te mohiotanga o nga mahi whakahaere hoia. I tino kaingakautia a Moana natemea he nohopuku, he pai hoki ki te whakahaere i a ia kia piki tonu ai te ora ki tana tinana.

Ko te wero a ōnā hoa āpiha, he pai kē a ia hei minita mo te hāhi, ehara i te āpiha mo nga mahi hoia.

Ahakoa ko ia te mea tamariki rawa atu o nga āpiha i roto i te kamupene, he tino pono a ia ki te tautoko i nga mahi hoia, i te whai kia pūmau tonu āna mahi katoa.

Anei nga kōrero a tana haihana a Sgt E.J. Nepe ki tana whānau: ‘Kaore e taea ka whai tonu mātou i a ia. Māna tonu e tīmata nga mahi hei muri iho ka karanga a ia ki a koe. “Haere mai poi ma.” Ko tētahi atu o ana tangata a Pine Ratapu i kōrero pēnei mōna: ‘He tangata nohopuku a ia. Kāre he kōrero, engari he nui āna mahi.’ Anei nga kōrero mo tana taina a Cpl Henare (Harry) Ngarimu. I taotū i te pakanga i Alamein, a, i hoki mai ki Niu Tireni i mua o te tukinga i te Puke o 209. te hoariri ki te pupuhi whakararo mai ki runga ki a rātou. Ka whakahautia e Awatere a Haig me tana Ope Iti 15 kia huri ma te taha matau, e kite atu hoki a ia i ētahi pū mīhini i reira. Ko Ngarimu me tana Ope Iti 14, i whakahaua e ia kia piki ma te taha mauī, i reira anō hoki ētahi pū mīhini. Ko te Ope Iti a Jackson i otatia kia tuki hāngai atu ma mua.

I tahuri atu a Kaiwai rāua ko tana hoa a Jellicoe ‘E.J’. Nepe no Ruatoria ano, ko rāua hoki i tīmata ki te piki i te taha mauī. Kua roa kē a Kaiwai i roto o Kamupene ‘C’ mai ra ano i te whawhai i Sollum Barracks i te marama o Noema 1941. Engari hoki a Nepe te Haihana o te Ope Iti, i hono mai a ia i te Kamupene i te timatanga i Pamutana. Ahakoa 27 o rāua tau, ko rāua tonu nga mea pakeke o te Ope Iti 14, he tangata pakari, he tangata tohetohe hoki, he orite rāua ki ērā o nga hoia tohetohe i raro i a Ngarimu.

I te kitenga atu o Ngarimu i nga Tiamana kua kite ra ana hoia, ka aki atu a ia kia whai atu tana Ope Iti i a ia. I whai tonu rātou kia noho huna ki te hoariri na reira rātou i huri titaha atu ki mua. Na te tangatanga o nga toka, i a rātou e kake atu ana, he rite tonu ta rātou pahika whakararo ma runga i o rātou puku.

No te kakenga tuatoru, ka kite atu rātou i tētahi o a rātou tank i raro ake i a rātou. I tonohia a Kaiwai ki raro ki te whakahau i te kaiwhakahaere o te tank: ‘E tama, e tama. Pupuritia nga pokokohua ra kia mau.’ Natemea kāre te kaiwhakahaere i kite i nga hoariri, ka inoi atu a ia kia whakaatutia mai te pito hei whakaruketanga atu māna. ‘Kei te kite atu koutou i nga toka i runga ra?’ ‘Ae!’ ‘Me toro hāngai atu koutou ki reira. Tukia atu ena pokokohua! Kei muri ēna pokokohua i ērā toka.’ Tangetange ana te whakaruketanga ki runga ki te hoariri, kia taea ai e Ngarimu me ana hoia te pana hāngai atu ki runga.

Huri rauna atu ki te taha matau, i reira ano tētahi puke e toro hāngai atu ana ki te Puke o 209. I reira ano tētahi pū mīhini e whakaruke ana mai i tētahi taha o te awaawa ki a Ope Iti 15 i a rātou e kake atu ana. He waimarie kei te ngaro tonu atu a Ope Iti 13.

Kāhore hoki rātou i kite atu i te tomokanga. Anei nga kōrero a Parkinson: ‘Na taua pū i whakaruke a Rangi Henderson, a Keni Mauhana, rātou ko Waka Porter ma, i te putake o te maunga. Hinga ana rātou, kore rawa i oreore.’

Continued next month

Pipiwharauroa

Page 13

Pākohai

Pakohai Marae

Continued from last month

Old time pā and important kāinga of Te Whānau ā Kai Pākōhai lays at the eastern extremity of the Te Whānau ā Kai rohe. This section briefly describes the pā that our tipuna lived in lands that stretched from here west to the very slopes of Maungapōhatu.

Nihotētē. Rangitawhiao's pā is where the Repongaere homestead stands. A swamp and lake protected Pukepoto from the west, with a wide waterway (Kākā ki te awa) around the eastern and southern sides. The only land access was Pukepiripiri above, which was defended with broad ditch and defensive palisades.

It was from Pukepoto that the exodus to Te Matau a Māui (Hawke's Bay) began for Rakaihikuroa and Taraia. Pukepoto remained occupied until Pakeha settlement. Some of Ngāti Hine hapū lived there at the time of the Ngāpuhi invasion, they also fleeing with Tipoki's people from Pātūtahi in advance of that ope taua.

known as Te Whānau a Kai lands of today, but within the influence of our people of old.

Hungangahenga pā, above the Waerenga a Kuri, was on the southern boundary, with Pōhā and then Tārere at the junction of the Mangawehi stream with the Hangaroa being other living places and pā.

To the north of the Hangaroa Te Ramanui a Pakura was located high on what is now Tangihau Station, named after the house that stood at Te Houpapa, at the Ngāti Maru pā of Arikitutu in the time of Te Ranginui a Ihu.

Te Pā o Kaikore The first pā that was specifically for Te Whānau ā Kai was built by Kaikore for his two wives, the sisters Te Haaki and Te Whareana. Te Pā o Kaikore is located on the lower reaches of the Tōtangi stream, just upstream from where the Wharekōpae river meets the Waikohu on SH2. Koreotaia was the valley of occupation for them; the upper parts of the Tōtangi stream. A significant house stood at Te Pā o Kaikore, its building being ordered by Te Haaki in the absence of Kai. When he returned and saw the completed house, he named the house Tātaiwāhine, acknowledging the mana wahine that rested upon Te Haaki.

Pātūtahi pā Pātūtahi pā was established at the junction of the Waipāoa and Waikākāriki by Torohina, grandson of Whareana and Kai. The hapū Ngāi Te Whakahone dwelt here and occupied the Kaimoe and the lands across the Waipāoa. In the mid 1820s Pātūtahi, then under Tipoki, was attacked by Ngāpuhi under Te Wera Hauraki. At the time of Waerenga-ahika, (1865) there were four carved houses within the pā; Tātaiwāhine was one that was named to remember the earlier house (sometimes also called Ngāruawāhine), also the carved houses Nui Tireni, Ngātorea and Karatia. Matenga Ruta is remembered as the kaiwhakairo. After the loss of the Pātūtahi pā, through the confiscation of the 1870s, the people were scattered although many moved to Pākōhai.

The Pātūtahi urupā was requested to be returned to the people but although that request was granted by government agencies, Pākehā then located their own cemetery on top of the urupā.

Tokitoki whare wānanga Tokitoki was the whare wānanga that stood across the Waikakariki from Pātūtahi pā. The sacred fire had been lit there by Tupai of the Takitimu. Tokitoki operated until the arrival of William Williams, and was dismantled by Tupai, the father of Matenga Ruta, grandfather of Peka Kerekere and Heni te Auraki. Associated with the whare wananga was Taramarama (above) the star observation site located above Lake Repongaere.

Taramarama, the star observation site for Tokitoki.

Pukepoto Across the road from Pākōhai is Pukepoto, a cluster of four pā that was the home of Rakaihikuroa and his sons Tūpurupuru, Taraia and Rangitawhiao.

The land between the Waipāoa and the roto Repongaere, that includes Pukepoto, is named

Pukepoto with Rakaihikuroa's Kakarikitaurewa pā (left), Tūpurupuru's pā (centre), and Taraia's pā (right)

Tupurupuru's watch (sentinel) pā, Putakari, stood close by to Pukepoto, on the ridge line above, overlooking both Waipaoa, Pākōhai and Repongaere, guarding and watching over the pā of the whanau of Rakaihikuroa at Pukepoto.

Further up the Hangaroa, close to Waimaha is Kaingaungau, one of the two fortified pā of our tipuna for these western lands, the other being Ngātapa. Absence of strongly fortified pā indicates the relative peace that existed in these lands.

Putakari as seen from Pākūhai (left); and from Lake Repongaere (below)

Pukeamionga pā, above Pātūtahi, which was built for the Pai Mari re, and Te Horoenga, near Brunton road, are pā that along with many kāinga associated with pā tuna, were located along the banks of the Waipāoa, Waikakariki and Kokakonui streams.

Along the Waikakariki, heading towards the Ngātapa community are the pā Tītīrapua, Te Taumata o te Rangiaia, Pukekiore, the Okare kāinga, and then the five-pa cluster of Ōkāhuatiu and Pukehuia where dwelt the Ngāti Hine hapū to the time of Paeko, and Ngārangitūehu, son of Tupurupuru prior to his leaving with Rakaihikuroa for Te Matau a Māui, afterwards occupied by descendants of Te Rangiaia and Paka, his brother.

There were many settlements at the roto Repongaere, and nearby on the Pouarua stream was Te Waikoukou o Kahutapere, where Kahutapere stayed awhile on his gradual exodus from the area after the death of four of his children.

Along the Waipaoa river, the Te Whānau a Kai hapū, descendants of Whareana, had pā at Mapourika near Kaitaratahi, Whaitiri near Te Karaka, and Pikauroa within Mangatu apparently well away from what are

The Papokeka stream, that joins the Hangaroa at Tahunga, was an important living area in the earlier times of the descendants of the ancestor Tui, they living her before migrating to occupy the Houpapa and Koranga areas. Te Pōkerekere, near the Papokeka valley, was the Ngāi te Ika pā of Tupai in the very early 1800s.

On the Makaretu stream not far from the Rere falls, was the Wharekōpae pā of Te Pokingaiwaho, our tipuna who brought together the Mahaki and Ngāti Maru and Ngāti Hine lines, the hapū afterwards known as Ngāi te Pokingaiwaho. This pā was used by Te Kooti, in the Makaretu battle between the colonial associated Māori forces and those with Te Kooti. Close by is Ngātapa, the ancient fortified hilltop pā of Ngāti Hine. Several kāinga were located under the northern slopes of Mokonui-a-rangi, Te Rae o Taeha being the one still able to be seen today.

Further to the west, under the southern slopes of our tipuna maunga Maungatapere is the Ngāti Hine Pā-rewarewa, sited on the lower slopes of Pukerewarewa where stood the first house called Ngatorea. Te Houpapa pā of Arikitutu of Ngāti Maru across the Ngutuwera nearby where the house Te Ramanui a Pakura stood. A number of kāinga were located around the margins of the Houpapa clearing.

The Ngāti Hine kāinga Omāpara is located on the northern side of Maungatapere. Both Pāwerawera and Omapara were used by Te Kooti.

Further down the Koranga River, the lands of Ngāti Hine are found the old settlements of Rautara, Puketara, Te Rangiora, Te Papa and Puketōtara, the latter where Hoera Kapuaroa and Tamati Te Rangituawaru, sons of Tipoki the chief of Pātūtahi, both lived at one time. Te Turi o Kahutapere is also to be found here, where Kahutapere resided before he finally left this district, with Rongomaitara, to take up residence close to the present day Tāneatua town centre.

Many Ngāti Maru and Ngāti Rua kāinga stood along the banks of the Hangaroa river within the Waimaha lands.

Two other marae are within Te Whanau a Kai lands, Ngātapa and Mokonui-­a-rangi, lands given to Tūhoe people in the early 1900s who were living and working on the lands of Te Whānau ā Kai. To Be Continued

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Pipiwharauroa Tūranga Health

Page 15

March 2016

Ormond village 52year-old Stephen Blair is managing his type two diabetes with help from Tūranga Health, but in time he wants to completely rid himself of the disease.

Stephen Blair and Kaiāwhina Tangiwai Milner discuss Stephen’s management of diabetes.

Stephen Blair:

wants to completely rid himself of diabetes Stephen Blair was diagnosed with type two diabetes 18 months ago. Despite a long time living with gout, and numerous aches and pains from acci-dents, he was surprised at how serious this new disease was.

“It was unexpected. And I didn’t realize how big it was going to be. I have it in my family but I didn’t really think it would happen to me. I felt like I was being cursed.”

Because of his gout Stephen was already trying to live a healthier lifestyle. He didn’t smoke and he would try and eat healthy. But the new diagnosis spurred him to a greater effort.

When asked if he would like to take part in Tūranga Health’s Long Term Conditions education programme he jumped at the chance. “My frame of mind has always been to get rid of the diabetes so I said yes.”

Over the next two months Stephen found himself part of a weekly programme with 12 other participants. Each Wednesday morning Stephen and the others would learn more about their disease and how to manage it. The presentation on reading food labels and choosing the right foods to buy has really stuck with him.

“Oh yeah. I read the labels now. I look at the sugar content per 100g and if it’s more than 15g then I don’t get it.”

He has also loved the camaraderie and company of the other participants. Stephen says much of his life was spent living in rural Motu and so he enjoys being around people.

He now he lives in Ormond and can easily attend the programme.

Stephen was referred to the Long Term Conditions programme by Tūranga Health GP Mark Devcich.

Stephen fell into the target group for the programme: men aged 51-65 with at least one long term condition.

Dr Devcich continues to monitor Stephen’s health with regular check-ups. Stephen also sees Tūranga Health nurse Lisa Cottle-Millar, with whom he credits for initially stepping him through his shock diagnosis. He says she helped him understand the ramifications of not doing anything, and showed him how easy it would be to make lifestyle changes.

“She’ll make sure I am going – she’ll even pick me up and take me there!”

Stephen’s progress has also been supported by Whānau Ora services. Tangible resources to help Stephen achieve his health goals include a water cooler system, food blender, an air oven, and a pair of good walking boots.

He is incredibly grateful for all the help and support he has received since his original diagnosis.

Stephen has lost three kilograms in the past couple of months and is enthused about getting out into his garden and creating a vegetable patch. He is doing more exercise and just last week walked the Gisborne beach board walk.

“This is my new lifestyle. I know what the key mes-sages are and I am going to get rid of the type two diabetes if I can.”

“This is my new lifestyle. I know what the key messages are and I am going to get rid of the type two diabetes if I can.”

Another important Tūranga Health staff member has been kaiāwhina Tangiwai Milner. Tangiwai is a little bit like a coach, someone who checks in on Stephen and doesn’t let him miss a medical appointment or any of his Long Term Condition programme presentations.

Dr Mark Devcich, GP, Turanga Health, Te Karaka.

GP Image: Strike Photography.

Words and top image: Redpath Communications.

Pipiwharauroa

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