April 2016 Pipiwharauroa by Trial account

Pipiwharauroa Paenga-whāwhā 2016

Pukapuka: Rua Te Kau Ma Toru

Panui: Whā

Tairāwhiti Wānanga, Tairāwhiti Tangata, Tairāwhiti Haka! Anei rā te mihi nui ki ngā kapa i whakatū waewae ki te atamira mo tēnei whakataetae o Tamararo, te ono tekau mā whā tau e whakanuia ana. Kikī ana te whare whakangahau i Houhoupiko i te Rāhoroi kua taha ake. Ahakoa te whakawātea o ētahi mutu ana te whakataetae, hou mai ana te mahi a te tangata. Nō reira, koirā ngā nekeneke puta noa i te rā. Pārekareka ana hoki ki te kite i ngā morehu pakeke me ngā rangatahi e kaha tonu ana ki te tautoko i te kaupapa. Ko te hōnore nui rawa atu ko te kite i ngā toki haka pēra i a Herewini rāua ko Moehau e tū tonu ana ki te whakanui i te kaupapa. Tekau ma waru ngā kapa i tū, ana e rima ka whai wāhi ki te haere ki te Matatini.

“Ko Whangarā te Pūtahitanga o te tangata, ko Whangarā te Pūtahitanga o te kōrero”. Ko rātou i toa i eke panuku, ā mai anō i te tau 1961 i raro i te mana whakahaere o Derek Lardellie whai wāhanga ana ki ngā whakataetae o Te Matatini. Kei runga noa atu koutou. Whai ake ko Waihirere. E hia tau i naianei? E kore e piko, ka tū māro tonu, ka tū kaha tonu a Waihirere. Nō reira me mihi hoki ki a rātou. Hikurangi, Tū te Manawa Maurea, me Hauiti ka mau te wehi! Me mihi hoki ki te katoa i whai wāhi ki te haere ki ngā whakataetae o Te Matatini. Ahakoa ko wai i uru atu kia maumahara kei muri te haukāinga e tautoko ana i a koutou. Tae noa ki ngā whakahaere o te rā , arā te whakatauki “Ma muri a mua ka tōtika, mā mua a muri ka tōtika” Āe mārika eke ana ki taua whakatau, me mihi ki ngā Kaiwhakahaere, ngā Kaiwkawā ki ngā kai takakai i waho, i roto. Whakamenemene ana te ngākau i tēnei rā whakahirahira.

Te wā tuku taonga

E whai ake nei ko rātou i eke ki te taumata: Whakaeke/ Whakawatea – 1st Waihirere Waiata a ringa – 1st Hikurangi Mōteatea – 1st Hikurangi Poi – 1st Hikurangi Haka – 1st Waihirere Mita – 1st equal Hauiti & Hikurangi

Whangarā mai Tawhiti ngā toki o te rā

Kakahu – 1st Waihirere Kaitātaki Wahine – 1st Hikurangi Kaitātaki Tane – 1st Waihirere

Ngā Kapa o te Tairāwhiti ka tū ki Te Matatini ki roto ō Kahungunu : 5th Hauiti 4th Tū Te Manawa Maurea 3rd Hikurangi 2nd Waihirere 1st Whangarā Mai Tawhiti

Whakanuia Whakanuia Whakanuia rātou ka whakawhiti i Te Moana Tāpokopoko -ā- Tāwhaki ki ngā whakataetae Waka Ama o te ao. He koanga ngākau ka tū whakahīhī Haere me te mōhio kei konei ō koutou whānau, hapū, iwi hoki e tautoko ana, e ūmere ana. Mauria ngā pueru o ō koutou mātua tīpuna hei kaupare, hei whakahaumaru i a koutou. Haere i runga i te whakaaro kotahi Nō te Tarāwhiti koutou Tairāwhiti whānui Karawhiua!

AHAKOA KUA TIPUA, KA ARAARA MAI ANŌ ANZAC, he rangi whakamaumahara ki te hunga i hina atu ki tāwāhi i ngā pakanga katoa o te ao. He hokinga whakaaro ki a rātou i wehe atu i ō rātou whānau, hapū, iwi mo te kore te hokinga mai. He wā ka toko ake te whakaaro mo ā rātou mahi, tō rātou kaha ki te whawhai kia kore ai e riro tō rātou whenua i iwi kē, mo te painga o ngā reanga whakaheke.

Me te whakaaro hoki mo ngā tū āhuatanga anuanu, weriweri i titi ki ō rātou hinengaro i aua whenua. He hokinga whakaaro hoki mo ngā wāhine, tamariki, hapū, iwi i mahue tāhanga mai ki ō rātou kāinga maha, o rātou marae hoki. Kei te kikini tonu te mamae, ka haku te manawa. Tae mai ana ki tēnei wā o te tau, ahakoa kua tipua e te tarutaru ka araara mai anō rātou ki te kitenga whakaaro me te ngākau hopo. I mua, itiiti noa ngā tāngata tū ai i te Pōhatu Whakamaumahara, engari i tēnei tau neke atu i te rua mano. I takahia hoki te ara o Tūranganui e ngā Hēramana i whakarauika mai ki konei ki te whakanui i te whitu tekau ma rima tau o te Royal New Zealand i taua rā. Ko te rongo ko te nuinga o ngā hēramana nō konei i hoki mai mo tēnei rā whakahirahira. He maha hoki ngā tamariki, mokopuna a rātou mā i takahi i taua rā. I whakanuia i ngā marae, i ngā kāinga maha o te rohe. E kore rātou e tawhiti atu i te whakaaro, i te manawa, ka mau tonu, ka mau tonu. Nā rātou mō tātou

ANZAC Parade in Iluka, NSW, Australia Photo courtesy of Nancy & Albert Hunt

Inside this month...

Page 3

Tairāwhiti Community Law Centre

Flag bearers at New Zealand Memorial, Hyde Park Corner, London Photo courtesy of Lewis Whaitiri

Pages 8-9

Page 5

Kouka Whānau Reunion

Tamararo 2016

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Page 12

Ngā tama Toa

ANZAC 2016

whakanui

Pipiwharauroa Pipiwharauroa Page 2

Massey University Graduation

Founded October 1898 Pukapuka: Rua Te Kau Ma Toru Pānui: Toru Te Marama: Paenga Whāwhā Te Tau: 2016 ISSN: 1176-4228 (Print) ISSN: 2357-187X (Online)

Pīpīwharauroa takes its name from ‘He Kupu Whakamārama Pīpīwharauroa’, which was printed in October, 1899 by Te Rau Print and edited by the late Reverend Reweti Kohere. Pīpīwharauroa was re-launched on 20 October, 1993. Produced and edited by: Te Rūnanga o Tūranganui-ā-Kiwa Tūranga Ararau Printed by: The Gisborne Herald Email: pipiwharauroa@ta-pte.org.nz Phone: (06) 868 1081

http://www.facebook.com/pipi.wharauroa

Albany Campus 2016

“Ko te manu e kai ana i te miro, nōnā te ngahere, Ko te manu e kai ana i te matauranga, nōnā te ao” On Thursday the 21st of April 2016, two of our Tūranga Ararau Youth Justice staff Dorothy Taare-Smith and Eru Findlay received their Masters Degrees at the Bruce Mason Centre in Albany followed by a celebration dinner for Māori Graduates at the Massey University Albany campus. Among other guests, present at the celebration dinner were Judge Andrew Becroft the Principal Youth Court and his wife Mrs Phillipa Becroft and Judge Heemi Taumaunu the Rangatahi Court Liason Judge and his wife Mrs Ingrid Taumaunu.

L-R Gwenda Findlay, Eru Findlay, Dorothy Taare-Smith, Dr Fiona Te Momo, Mrs Phillipa Becroft, Judge Andrew Becroft, Judge Heemi Taumaunu, Mrs Ingrid Taumaunu.

Dorothy graduated with a Master of Specialist Teaching in Autism Spectrum Disorder. She works at CCS Disability Action here in Gisborne, and is also a team member of Te Ara Tuakiri, a Youth Justice Programme which supports Te Kōti Rangatahi o Te Poho o Rawiri.

Eru graduated with a Master of Arts in Māori Studies with Distinction and has been working in Te Kōti Rangatahi o Te Poho o Rawiri since its inception in 2008. This formed the basis of his Masters research.

Exhibition 2 The Design School opened it's second exhibition on Friday 22 April at the Tirohia Gallery. Now into its second year of teaching, many new and returning students presented their best work on Friday for family and friends to enjoy. There are examples of work from students currently studying Fashion and/or Graphic Design, that will go towards their portfolio at the end of the year. Notable pieces are Shannon Campbell's handpainted 'All Seeing Eye' skirt, Rahera Dewes' funky vinyl miniskirt, Jolene Tuapawa's Cereal Boxes and Mary Anne Pohatu's mandarin beanbag. Juanita Jordaan and Emily Patuwai both created greeting cards and envelopes. The Design School is a great place to study and gain an appreciation of working in a full-time creative environment. Exhibitions, commissions and a sharing of resources are also an important factor in the learning culture of the school. "People remember seeing your work in exhibitions, that's a great way to promote what you can do to others," said Mel Tahata, Head of School. Tirohia Gallery was opened in 2014 by Mana Keefe and is now under the management of Isobel Te Rauna. Tirohia is a community gallery and open to all whānau who wish to exhibit their work. It is located at 500 Wainui Road, Kaiti Mall. Open 9am-5pm, Mon-Fri.

Shannon Campbell and her handpainted 'All Seeing Eye' skirt

Juanita Jordaan, Mary Anne Pohatu and Maggie Riki sitting by their creations

Whānau, friends and students at the opening night Mel Tahata, Head of School

Pipiwharauroa Tairāwhiti Community Law Centre

Tairāwhiti Community Law Centre

School Funding

The Ministry of Education funds schools based on what’s known as a decile rating.

What a deciles measure? Deciles are a measure of the socio-economic position of a school’s student community relative to other schools throughout the country. For example, decile 1 schools are the 10% of schools with the highest proportion of students from low socio-economic communities, whereas decile 10 schools are the 10% of schools with the lowest proportion of these students. A school's decile does not indicate the overall socioeconomic mix of the school or reflect the quality of education the school provides. Deciles are used to provide funding to state and state-integrated schools to enable them to overcome the barriers to learning faced by students from lower socio-economic communities. The lower the school’s decile, the more funding they receive.

When deciles are calculated We recalculate deciles for all schools every 5 years following the Census of Population and Dwellings.

Socio-economic indicators for decile ratings Deciles are based on 5 socio-economic indicators for a community. • Percentage of households with income in the lowest 20% nationally. • Percentage of employed parents in the lowest skill level occupational groups. • Household crowding. • Percentage of parents with no educational qualifications. • Percentage of parents receiving income support benefits.

schools

might

Neighbouring schools might draw students from different mesh blocks, resulting in different deciles. The size of a school’s catchment area also affects the decile. For example, secondary schools have much larger catchment areas than primary schools.

When deciles might change

How are our schools funded by the Ministry of Education?

Why neighbouring different deciles

We base a school’s decile on the small Census areas where its students live, not on the general area of the school. These small areas are called meshblocks.

have

Deciles might change when we recalculate them in the year following the Census. A decile can also change if schools apply for a decile review.

What funding deciles determine Deciles determine some operational funding and a range of resource funding.

Operational funding Within a school’s operational determine the allocation of:

funding,

deciles

• Targeted Funding for Educational Achievement • the Special Education Grant • the Careers Information Grant.

Resources Ministry of Education resources determined by a school’s decile include: • Kura Kaupapa Māori transport (deciles 1 to 10) • Priority Teacher Supply Allowance (deciles 1 to 2) • National Relocation Grant (deciles 1 to 4) • Decile Discretionary Funding for Principals (deciles 1 to 4) • Resource Teachers of Learning and Behaviour (RTLBs) Learning Support Funding (deciles 1 to 10) • RTLBs for years 11 to 13 (deciles 1 to 10) • School Property Financial Assistance scheme (deciles 1 to 10) • Study Support Centres (deciles 1 to 3) • Social Workers in Schools (deciles 1 to 5) • District Truancy Service (deciles 1 to 10).

How deciles are calculated The decile calculation process has 7 stages as follows: Stage 1 Schools supply their student addresses to the Ministry. We use the addresses to determine the areas from which each school is drawing its students. Stage 2 We assign student addresses to the smallest Census areas called meshblocks (a meshblock contains around 50 households). Then we calculate the number and percentage of students from each meshblock. Note: Statistics New Zealand gives us confidential access to Census data, and we only use it to calculate decile ratings. The Ministry cannot identify individuals from Census data relating to decile calculations. We extract information from each meshblock, but only from households with school-aged children. Stage 3 We examine each meshblock against 5 socio-economic indicators and equally weight them in the calculations.

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• Household income — the percentage of households with equivalent income in the lowest 20%, nationally adjusted for the number of adults and children in the household and the age of the children. Households with a member who is unemployed or households supported by a benefit are not usually included in this group. • Occupation — the percentage of employed parents in occupations that are at skill levels 4 or 5 according to the Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations (ANZSCO). These occupations include all labourers, all machine operators and assemblers, and others who work in occupations at these lower skill levels regardless of the sector, type, or profession involved. • Household crowding — the percentage of households with an equivalised crowding index greater than one. This index measures the proportion of household members per bedroom adjusted for the presence of children under 10, every 2 of whom are assigned to share a bedroom. Couples and others are each assigned their own bedroom. • Educational qualification — the percentage of parents with no tertiary or school qualifications. • Income support — the percentage of parents who directly (not as a partner) received Jobseeker Support, Sole Parent Support, or Supported Living Payments (previously known as the Domestic Purposes Benefit, Unemployment Benefit, and Sickness and Invalid’s Benefit) in the previous year. Stage 4 The 5 indicators are weighted by the number of students from each meshblock. This means that meshblocks where only a few of a school’s students live will have little effect on its decile, while those having more will have a greater effect. Stage 5 We rank the schools in relation to every other school for each of the 5 indicators and give them a score based on their percentile. Stage 6 We add the 5 indicator scores for each school together (without any weightings) to get a total. This total gives the overall standing of the school in relation to all other schools in the country. Stage 7 We divide schools into 10 groups called deciles, based on the total score calculated in stage 6. Each decile group has approximately the same number of schools. We sub-divide deciles 1 to 4 into 3 funding steps (1a, 1b, 1c, and so on) and then allocate about a third of schools to each funding step within the decile. Nā Nikorima Thatcher (Tairāwhiti Community Law Centre) Ref: http://www.education.govt.nz/school/ running-a-school/resourcing/operational-funding/ school-decile-ratings/

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Pipiwharauroa

Local resident Don Hay grew up on a small dairy farm in Waipaoa, Gisborne. Although he barely saw the sea, at only 15 years old, and encouraged by two of his schoolmates from Te Karaka District High School, he enlisted as a seaman boy in the Royal New Zealand Navy where he served for eight years. His key Don Hay in his Navy days motivation in joining was to get out of school but, to his dismay he found himself spending half a day of his first six months of training back in the classroom doing the schoolwork from which he had planned to escape.

Previously seaman boys only served on the big ships and cruisers however, with the start of the Korean War, they were placed on the much smaller frigates resulting in Don in 1950, at only seventeen years of age, sailing on the frigate HMNZS Rotoiti to Korea, a place he previously did not even know of its location on the map of the world. Their first port of call was Darwin harbour where they saw the wrecks of ships sunk by the Japanese during World War Two. From there they sailed to Hong Kong and through to Japan which was their base from which they patrolled the Korean coastal waters, escorted convoys, sailed up the North Korean controlled Hans River and bombarded North Korean targets. The Rotoiti was called upon several times to drop off Royal Marines landing parties and it was during one of these excursions in 1951 that Don’s friend and crewmate, Bob Marchioni died on a North Korean beach while supporting the landing party, Bob was the only New Zealand naval casualty of the entire conflict. On its trip back to New Zealand in the same year, the Rotoiti rescued a British merchant ship, the SS Hupeh that had been captured by pirates.

Don holding a copy of ‘The War that Never Ended’ which tells the stories of 12 of our country’s Korean War veterans, including him, and is dedicated to all New Zealanders who served in Korea

Following his return home and while serving out his tenure, Don sailed to Britain on the Black Prince for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth 11 in June 1953. There the Black Prince participated in the Spithead Review as part of the Coronation Celebrations. When the Queen sailed past on the Royal Yacht, HMS Surprise, the New Zealand crew, as did the crews of the other ships, manned the guardrails then raised and rotated their hats three times calling ‘Hip hip hooray’ as they did. On the way back home they took part in earthquake relief duties on the Greek Ionian Islands. A fuller story of his involvement with the Korean War is captured by Pip Desmond in the

HE RAUMAHARA

book ‘The War that Never Ended’ which tells the stories of 12 of our country’s Korean War veterans and is dedicated to all New Zealanders who served in Korea.

Since the war Don has served the RSA and other military organisations for many years despite the fact that, at one time, he resigned after experiencing what many Korean War veterans did, being contemptuously dismissed for his war service during the Korean conflict. He served as Gisborne RSA president from 2001 to 2009 and was on, and the last president, of the King’s Empire Veterans’ Association and the Korean’s Veterans’ Association before they both closed due to declining membership. He was also the last chairman of the local TS Sea Cadets and current president of the Gisborne Ex Royal New Zealand Naval Association.

Lt Cdr Tony Pereira, Gisborne NROs, Rob Burgess, Don Hay and the CO Manawanui Muzz Kennet

While the RSA president Don also served for nearly 10 years as Gisborne naval relations officer for the Royal New Zealand Navy holding the honorary rank of lieutenant commander and was fortunate to be able to combine his duties for both roles at times. They included, among others, chairing meetings, overseeing the running of the Gisborne RSA club and the RSA Welfare fund, attending formal functions and welcoming navy ships to Gisborne, he sat on the committee for the Blackpool scholarship for high achievers and the Resolution scholarship for people of good character needing support along with the Mayor, the Chief Executive of the Gisborne District Council and other local prominent citizens. These scholarships have now been combined to become the Royal New Zealand Navy Scholarship. His previous role as Gisborne naval relations officer is now in the hands of Lieutenant Commander Tony Pereira, also an ex-navy man. Tony led a rare event this ANZAC Day commemorations in Gisborne of a special stand-alone platoon of naval veteran and serving sailors parading the RNZN colours. Being the 75th anniversary year of the Royal New Zealand Navy, the RSA approved the naval colour party’s addition to the local parade. Numbers at our local commemorations were swelled with the naval veterans in Gisborne for their reunion. The naval contingent re-enacted a historical event from the Gallipoli campaign by raising their caps and giving three hearty cheers to acknowledge the Anzacs and all the men and women of every war, campaign and conflict. At the actual historical event, as the boats were lowered for the troops to be transported to Anzac Cove, the hundreds of sailors from the Royal Navy battleship, HMS Prince of Wales, manned the guard rails and raised their caps then rotated them 360 degrees in a clockwise direction three times producing a very subdued whisper with barely a sound being heard. “It was a sailor’s way of acknowledging and giving those brave young men a silent salute,” says Tony. Another moving feature of the local commemorations was the sounding of an “over the top ‘trench whistle before the laying of wreaths, ode, silence and reveille ensuring that this poignant sound of such historical significance is not forgotten. Don still plays an active role with the Gisborne RSA supporting local war veterans including visiting the Gisborne Hospital with Ora Peipi seeking out exservicemen to provide support where required. In doing this they have made veterans aware that they can apply for service medals no matter whether they were in the national service, territorials or the regular forces. An interesting observation that he has made over time is the number of ex-service people who say they are too young to be considered war veterans believing that one had to serve in the either of the two World Wars not realising that the term also includes those who have served for New Zealand in every war since. Don also attends, on invitation,

veterans’ funerals with local bugler Doug Cooper, where he lays wreaths and poppies, reads the ode and calls all ex-servicemen there present to pay their respects. He and his wife Fay help out tending the roses outside the RSA building and with the annual Poppy Day appeal the proceeds from which, Don says, stay with the RSA branch that collects them to maintain a local welfare fund. It pleases him to see the resurgence of interest in Anzac over the past few years particularly with the young people who want to know about their grandparents’ involvement in the numerous conflicts throughout time. Like many RSA members he is concerned for the future of the Association and the local club. In response to declining membership they have built the restaurant up to be a first class facility, developed excellent facilities for patrons to play pool and darts as well as maintained a strong focus on host responsibility including management of their gaming machines. The plan is to further develop a more homely atmosphere and for the club to become increasingly family orientated.

EX-ROYAL NAVALMEN’S ASSOCIATION This branch of the ex-Royal Navalmen’s Assn. was convened in 1946. The convenor was Pat Blair, Judge Advocate of the Arbitration Court, and now resides in Wellington. Pat was the first President of the Assn. and Bob McGuiness the first Secretary. (Unfortunately the minutes of the first meetings from 1946 to 1951 have been misplaced.) The next President was Phil Balfour. The Presidents from 1951 are as follows: 1951-53 Gus. McDonald; 1953-55 Bert Hanlen; 195557 Dick Twistleton; 1957-58 Bruce Duckworth; 195865 Dick Twistleton; 1965-66 Frank Laing; 1966-68 Ben Nickerson; 1968 – Dick Twistleton. In 1969 two of the members, Bruce Duckworth and Dick Twistleton, were made Life Members of the Assn. In the early days after the War the Assn. was prominent for its annual Shipwreck Ball, a highlight of the year in Gisborne. The Assn. provides entertainment to visiting naval ships, the most prominent in the latter years being the Cabaret held in conjunction with the adoption of the H.M.N.Z.S. Blackpool by the City of Gisborne. Over the last few years our members average about fifty, although there are many more ex-matelots in the district. Source: Golden Jubilee Returned Services Association 1916 - 22 * 1926- 70 (Inside Cover)

Pipiwharauroa Kouka Whānau Reunion

Kouka Whānau Reunion

The Kouka whānau held a wānanga and reunion over ANZAC weekend from Friday 22nd to Monday 25th April at Te Pāhou Marae, Tuaraki Rd, Manutuke. It was a wonderful time of whakawhānaungatanga and sharing whakapapa, waiata, kōrero, stories, kai and skills. We were also honoured and privileged to hold a kawe mate for our whānaunga, Adam Kouka of Tuhoe and Rongowhakaata, son of Abel & Ronnie Kouka and grandson of Wiremu & Ani Kouka. ANZAC 2016 was decided as the time to hold the reunion as it was a long weekend and had the significance of commemorating the soldiers, particularly the fallen soldiers who served in the World Wars. This is becoming somewhat of a tradition for our whānau as our tipuna Wiremu Kouka served in World War 1. It is always a humbling, honouring history and community filled occasion attending the ANZAC service at Manutuke Marae. Wiremu and Ani Kouka are both resting in the urupa next to the Marae. Whānau came from all over the motu including Waimana, Ōpotiki, Whakatane, Tāmaki Makaurau, Mangawhai, Paraparaumu, Ōtautahi, Tūranga-Nui-ā-Kiwa, Manutuke and Australia. Many of the whānau had not been back in years and for some it was their very first time at home on our papakāinga; Manutuke. We attended church service at Toko Toru Tapu on Sunday morning and our whānaunga, Reverend Maria Knight was invited to assist with ministering the service alongside Reverend Jackie Ahuriri. Our seven month old mokopuna Lincoln Eruera McElhinney from Ōtautahi was baptised with his mother Pieta Cook and grandparents Edward and Dyalla Cook present. Edward is another grandson of Wiremu and Ani Kouka. Our whānau time together was filled with so much aroha, respect and lots of learning for us all. It is wonderful to see the passion stirring in each and every one of us and the hunger to learn more about our whakapapa, whenua and history. The younger generations are realising it is time to step up as our pakeke get older and time is so precious. We need to be proactive about organising quality whānau time together, and getting our rangatahi involved. Our next kaupapa is already being planned for two years time. The wānanga/reunion was a huge success and more whānau are very keen to attend the next event. A wealth of whakapapa and stories were shared and we enjoyed hearing from each other and our manuhiri. There was a real desire from everyone to learn more about our Māoritanga, tikanga and whakapapa. All the whānau left happy and filled with aroha, none of us really wanted the time to end. We lapped up being together and just simply being home. We are blessed to call this place our papakāinga and with ever increasing busy lifestyles, it is a welcome reprieve to take a step back in time to a less demanding pace of life and bond together. Ka mau te wehi whānau! Nā Trish Clyne Tūranga-Nui-ā-Kiwa

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Pipiwharauroa Kōrero o Te Wā

Mere Pōhatu Battlefields

Little children should hear on average something like 2000 words in an hour from adults who love them. The adults talk with them, to them and it’s all two way. Learning to listen, learning to be loved, learning about new things, hearing new sounds, seeing new things and most of all having great solid experiences with other people. This is the time when you are setting a child up for the rest of their life. I recently went to the Graduation for Te Rito Maioha. There were 15 graduates with Bachelor of Education Early Childhood Education degrees and one Postgraduate Certificate in Leadership. I took my four year old mokopuna with me and there was something I noted. Each graduate came with tremendous whānau and community support. Each graduate had worked so hard and done it hard for at least 3-4 years. My mokopuna loved all of them. They loved her. I love it when our mokopuna have strong, positive, meaningful relationships going on with equally strong, positive, genuine people. That’s a learning environment. That’s a place where exploration, discoveries and challenges can be discussed, explained and built on.

Meka Whaitiri The challenge of Māori participation in local government Boosting Māori participation in local government is an ongoing challenge, and one that has been long studied and debated by scholars, public servants and politicians in New Zealand. It’s an issue which has real resonance for me, not just as Labour’s local government spokesperson, but as a Māori woman representing a Māori seat in Parliament. About 15% of people in New Zealand are Māori, and Māori are a growing, youthful population who will continue to make up a larger proportion of new voters. The Treaty of Waitangi guarantees Māori certain rights of self-government and the Local Government Act 2002 contains responsibilities for co-operation between councils and Māori. For these reasons alone Māori participation at a local government level must be addressed as a necessary part of representative democracy in Aotearoa. In 2010, the Human Rights Commission called increased Māori representation one of its top ten race relations priorities. In March this year, the United Nations Human Rights Committee recommended the Government take all appropriate measures to improve our persisting low level of Māori representation in local government. We all know there is a problem, but despite its importance to our democracy, there is very little data beyond 2007 about Māori participation in local government. The only available data on Māori voting in local elections comes from the Bay of Plenty Regional Council: the only Council with Māori wards.

I’m going to bring my Father into this month’s commentary. He went to World War II as a very young, rural lad who had never ever flown a plane in all his life. I’m talking ANZAC specials here. It sounds like from all accounts New Zealanders were great people to get on with. They could improvise, socialise, lead, innovate, encourage and help others. My Dad went on to be a reasonably successful Spitfire Pilot. That he survived is a mix of miracle, humanitarianism, good luck and instincts created for and with him by a whānau. I reckon it’s the positive early childhood experiences that got him to think as a young man he could fly a plane in Europe and take on a world. We never went to ANZAC Days with him. It’s like those were the two or three days when the returned counselled each other and exorcised the horrible realities of being a part of a world at war. These days we all go to ANZAC services and each passage of war is merged with the other and we all have a story or two about our fathers and mothers and grandfathers and uncles who went to war.

My happy place would be if we could start honouring all our little mokopuna every day but especially on ANZAC Day. That’s why they all went to war, apart from the idea of adventure. I reckon my Dad would be rapt if every mokopuna had a safe, warm home filled with massive human style communications systems, a place and a time for adventure, makebelieve and fantasy. Most of all a place where every child was respected, adored and all their needs are met by great and brave and caring adults.

The Māori turnout of around 30% in the 2010 Environment Bay of Plenty election is much lower than the overall participation rate in local government elections of around 41% in the last three elections. Information on Māori representation is also scarce, with the Department of Internal Affairs not publishing information since the 2007 election, when survey results put elected Māori numbers at only 8%. The evidence is there that both Māori engagement and representation in local government is well below what it should be. What are the solutions? A 2007 Massey University study of Māori engagement with local government, found that increasing information flow through technology is key to communicating with a wider Māori audience. This suggests the Government decision to pull the pin on a planned online voting trial this year is a lost opportunity to increase Māori participation. The online voting trial was a chance to take a different approach to engage our rangatahi Māori and it’s a huge disappointment that we will now have to wait until at least 2019 to see how this could impact Māori voter turnout. The same Massey study found that Māori feel encouraged by representatives with visibility in their own communities, and conversely, a lack of familiarity with candidates is a major reason for not turning out to vote. The obvious and common sense solution to increasing Māori engagement is therefore to increase Māori representation. Earlier this month, New Plymouth Mayor Andrew Judd offered a potential solution with his petition to Parliament requesting that a law be passed to ensure the establishment of Māori wards on council. The current law around this definitely puts Māori at a disadvantage, as any vote to establish a Māori ward is entirely reliant on non-Māori majority support for this. While I agree with Mr Judd that the current process for

That’s a real long way of saying – no more battlefields in our homes folks. This year, as a community we should all together now one , two, three be on to making sure we have systems for those adults who need help to talk with adoration and amazement and love with their little children. . We want adults whose eyes and actions and talk can be trusted. Little brains are learning by seeing and hearing. They watch us. If we are angry, don’t talk with them, if we yell and swear and scream at them and those around them, if we smoke and drink and drug out around them, if we treat others with violence around them, well our little mokopuna are already beginning to be marginalised. Disparity begins in the whānau. We model Disparity with our Talk. My Dad on ANZAC would probably say if he were the guest speaker. “You can’t get through a single day without having an impact on the world around you. What you do and say makes a difference for yourself and your kids. Get cracking and model hard work, think about others and be generous with your resources and thoughts”. He would say I am certain I went to War because Kids deserve a kind and loving family. All safe and Sound.

establishing a Māori ward is unnecessarily difficult, I don’t believe enforcing the establishment of Māori wards on councils is the right answer. There is a lack of evidence that this will increase Māori voter turnout and also questions around whether this is the model that Iwi want to adopt, or where it would leave partnership models between councils and Iwi like the one agreed between Te Arawa and the Rotorua District Council last year. There are no easy solutions to the challenge of Māori participation, but there are steps to be made in the right direction. Sector group Local Government New Zealand should be commended for the solid work they are doing in this area. Since 2002, LGNZ has prepared a number of resources to assist councils in building stronger relationships with Māori. It’s been 9 years since the Government recorded Māori representation in local government, and I believe there must be an analysis of the results of this year’s local elections to determine where we are at. I believe a cross-party, coordinated approach working together with LGNZ and their Māori committee Te Maruata is the way forward. Last but not least, congratulations to all 18 teams who recently competed at the annual Karaitiana Tamararo kapa haka competition. Your commitment and support towards the kaupapa was humbling. Tairāwhiti can be very proud to uphold the status of being deemed the kapa haka capital of the motu me te ao whānui. I acknowledge the following teams who will represent Tairāwhiti at Matatini 2017: Whāngārā Mai Tawhiti, Waihīrere, Hikurangi Pariha, Tū Te Manawa Maurea and Te Aitanga a Hauiti ki Ūawa. Mauriora!

Pipiwharauroa Ngāi Tāmanuhiri

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Photos from Christchurch

Ko te Oranga o te Iwi, Kei Tutu, Kei Poroporo, The prosperity of Tāmanuhiri is in our whenua, moana and whānau

Kōrero o Te Wā Tāmanuhiri ki Ōtautahi The hui that we had down in Christchurch with our tribal members earlier this month (April) was awesome. It was an excellent opportunity to meet with our people in Te Waipounamu.

Sharing a kai

Of our registered tribal members on our database (60) are recorded as living in Christchurch. We had 20 people attend the hui including tamariki. One, carried the name Tāmanuhiri and his twin sister is named Mihimarino. Other tamariki had names we associate with being Tāmanuhiri including Rangitauwhiwhia, Te Huauri and Ngaikiha - ka mau te wehi. Our most senior attendee Aunty Buzzy, 77yrs young travelled to the hui from Nelson. Some of the ideas that were passed on to us included: • Having youth/taiohi/rangatahi holiday programmes in Muriwai and Christchurch for our kids to get to know each other; • Looking into live streaming Hui A Iwi so our people living away from Muriwai can observe the hui; • Making sure we get back to our people with the Muriwai Marae bank account so people can contribute to the Marae; and • Getting together to form a Tāmanuhiri ki Te Waipounamu Roopu.

Miriama, Ngaikiha & Lovey Johnston (nee Pohatu) Kiriana Parata (nee Te Hau) with husband and twin children Mihimarino & Tāmanuhiri Catching Up with Whānau Robert Whaitiri & Daniel Procter

We were fortunate to have Kim Wetini, our whānaunga & her work colleague Debbie at Te Puni Kokiri help us with organising our venue & arranging our catering. Further to the request made for supporting Muriwai Marae here is the account details: MURIWAI MARAE ASB: 12-3170-0030169-50 If people wish to make a contribution to the marae please note your name in the online reference details so payments can be properly recorded and acknowledged.

As per our vision statement “Ko te oranga o te iwi kei tūtū kei poroporo – the prosperity of our people is in our land, our whenua, our people”. Our whakapapa as kin joins us to each other. The Tāmanuhiri Tūtū Poroporo Tari is a means by which these connections can be practically made, wherever our people are, be they at home or beyond our homelands. Whānau Ora Survey As a follow on from an earlier pānui I’m keen to understand our Iwi priorities for Whānau Ora and look at how we can measure successful Whānau Ora outcomes. A questionnaire has been developed that I would very much appreciate you completing. Please click on the link to proceed to the questionnaire ranking your whānau priorities with (1) being your highest whānau priority: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/icfwhānauora Please feel free to pass the questionnaire link on to other whānau. This will help inform planning for our Iwi.

Robyn with Aunty Buzzy Hunt (nee Puanaki)

I welcome the opportunity to have a cup of tea with our tribal members and find out where they are at and what’s happening in their neck of the woods. This month I caught up with Robert and he shared with me his thoughts and aspirations on Iwi development. Based at Te Puni Kōkiri doing invaluable work with our Māori Wardens, we discussed Iwi succession planning for the future. Daniel Procter is another I was lucky to have a cuppa with. Daniel has been recently appointed to the National Kōhanga Reo Trust. He sent me a wonderful email offering to help his Iwi of Tāmanuhiri. Fluent in te reo, Daniel is open to sharing his skills and expertise. I’m thankful we got to talk though I missed out on taking a selfie. For All the Kapa Haka Fiends in the Rohe All around the country regional kapa haka competitions are being held to select groups that will compete in next year’s Te Matatini celebrations. I am always amazed at the dedication and commitment of our people who actively participate.

Pānui For more news, kōrero, pānui and photos please visit our facebook page (facebook.com/Ngai.Tamanuhiri) or visit our website (tamanuhiri.iwi.nz ) where you can register as an iwi member, or as a friend to the iwi, and pānui can be emailed to you. Kia ora!

Over the years I observe new diets being taken up, fitness regimes in progress and people with no voices (usually on a Monday). Kapa Haka gatherings are always an exciting opportunity to celebrate ourselves and who we are. Ki te tini me te mano of you that are kapa haka fiends, I wish you the very best on the atea! Wepua! Nā Robyn Rauna

Tamararo 2016

Hikurangi Ahikaa

Tūranga Ararau

Pipiwharauroa l

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Whangarā Mai Tawhiti

Tūranga Ararau Tū Te Manawa Maurea

Te Hokowhitu a Tū

Te Aho a Māui

Te Hokowhitu a Tū

Ngā Uri Tuku

Te Aitanga a Hauiti ki Ūawa

Rongo Te Manawa

Tamararo 2016 photos provided by: Shaan Te Kani Photography and Reremoana Te Kani-Rangiuaia

Te Aho a Māui

Homeguard

Pipiwharauroa

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Tamararo 2016

Waihirere

Waihirere o Mua

Whangarā Mai Tawhiti

Tū Te Manawa Maurea Te Pāriha o Hikurangi

Te Aitanga a Hauiti ki Titirangi

Te Pariha o Hikurangi

Te Aitanga a Hauiti ki Titirangi

Te Aitanga a Hauiti ki Ūawa

Rongo Te Manawa

Ngā Kaupoi

Ngāti Konohi ki te Hau Kāenga

Mangatū Taikura

Ngāti Konohi ki te Hau Kāenga

Te Kapa o Mangatū

E te tini e te mano, rarau mai ki ngā pitopito kōrero o te Rongowhakaata Iwi Trust mo te marama o Āperira 2016.

Elections: The By-Election is scheduled to close on 3 May. If you believe you are eligible to vote in the Manutuke or Te Pahou Marae elections and have not received a postal ballot please contact the Returning Officer on 0800 766 469 or email: elections@rongowhakaata. iwi.nz to organize a provisional voting ballot. Results of the election will be announced on 6 May via email and Facebook. Voting booths are available at the following sites: • The Rongowhakaata Iwi Trust Office: 78 Whakato Road, Manutuke. • Te Rūnanga o Tūranganui a Kiwa (TROTAK): Nga Wai e Rua building, Cnr Lowe Street and Reads Quay, Gisborne.

Rākaukākā Reserve: A recent walk through the scenic reserve highlighted its stunning flora and fauna. Currently RIT is having pervasive kiwifruit vines removed, with mature willow and walnut trees to be felled in the next two months.

Rongowhakaata Hui-A-Iwi Held on Saturday 16 April at Ōhako Marae.

It was a great opportunity for Iwi members to come together at Ohako Marae to contribute and listen, and to consider key Rongowhakaata Iwi Trust, Te Hā, Navigations, Te Hau Ki Tūranga and Rongowhakaata Iwi Asset Holding Company updates and plans.

Rongowhakaata Iwi Trust

Pipiwharauroa Rongowhakaata Iwi Trust

Pipiwharauroa Māori in WW1

Māori in the First World War THE BATTLE OF THE SOMME (PART 3)

BY DR MONTY SOUTAR

On 28 August, Colonel King, Maj. Buck and their company commanders went with the C.R.E. to be shown their immediate tasks. They rode by horse through the nearby village of Mametz towards the frontline, before dismounting at Montauban village and trekking on foot to an area near Longueval. It was no easy trek. There was mud and slush on the route forward, something a work party would have to contend with every time it went to or from the trenches. The group of officers stopped just behind High Wood forest on Bazentin Ridge which ran from the Bazentin Le Grand Village towards Delville Wood forest. This area was part of the XV Corps second line of defence, a little over five miles (8 kms) in advance of the Pioneer’s camp. The group was standing on ground that was in enemy hands just six weeks earlier. Since then German resistance had stiffened and the past weeks had turned into a period of bloody attrition. The New Zealand Divisions’ history aptly describes the view forward from Bazentin Ridge. These rear positions commanded an extensive view of the German trenches on the crest. To the right lies Longueval village and Delville Wood, now at length wholly in British hands. In front, just beyond Carlton trench, the road runs from Longueval to Bazentin, and across the valley to the north the scarred and pock-marked slopes rise up gently to the enemy’s positions in the Crest Trench, on the ridge by High Wood. Just over that ridge is the formidable Switch Trench, connecting the German Third and Second Systems, and about three-quarters up is our own front line. Breaking the skyline further to the left are the stark trees of High Wood, from which rises ever slight again 1 the black smoke of bursting explosive. The New Zealanders were to take over 1,000 yards 2 (914 m) of the line along Bazentin Ridge. Lt-Col King’s immediate orders were to have his men put the two old German trenches on the ridge, Savoy and Carlton, into better order for defence. Simultaneously Turk Lane would be commenced, connecting these two trenches to the forward trench named Black Watch, which at that stage were some 1,000 yards (915 metres) away. The Middlesex, Argyle and Sutherland Highlanders were holding Savoy and Carlton. The colonel was not impressed with them as he inspected their trenches. “All are in an awful mess,” he wrote. “No attempt is made at sanitation and filth of every kind is simply chucked over the parados [i.e. bank of earth behind the trench] 3 and left to the flies who are in millions.” Savoy and Carlton were very poorly dug, had no duckboards, were full of mud and stunk in places. Leftover food tins lay on either side of the trenches. “Nearly every adjacent shell hole had been used as latrines,” wrote Maj. Buck, 4 “without any attempt to cover up the excretion.” King arranged with the C.R.E. for the Engineers and the Pioneers to take 500 yards (457 m) each and to start the work the following evening. Later, when he found other British trenches in a similar state, he wrote: No one seems to consider his job to clean them up. Truly the British are a wonderful people. They would rather sit in a busted trench and get shot then do a 5 little work on the end of a pick and shovel.

DIGGING BEGINS Back at camp that afternoon the colonel organised with his transport officer, 2/Lt Henry Montgomery, to have the Battalion’s wagons cart the men in shifts the following afternoon as far as Montauban. From there they would have to carry their picks, shovels, rifles and 6 other equipment on foot. At 5 p.m., while divvying up jobs to the companies for the following evening’s work,

Col. King received additional orders to send 400 men with sufficient officers to Delville Wood that very night. The higher command had decided that in preparation for an attack in two days’ time a further communication trench was required. “I protested against doing this work,” the colonel wrote, “as [I] did not consider it a fair thing on the men, but they had to go.” Maj. Saxby with A Company and Capt. Harris with B Company were 7 detailed for the job. In the dark the guide supplied to A Company got lost and consequently the company wandered about for the greater part of the night, returning to camp without 8 having done any work. 30 year-old Pte Wiremu (Bill) Maopo of Taumutu described how challenging the night march was for the men:

Our company was sent out in the evening at 8 p.m. by motor transport to a point called the ‘Crucifixion Corner’, where we had to march with equipment, rifle and 120 rounds of ammunition. The roads were over our boot tops with mud and slush, the night was as dark as pitch with only flares showing us the way ... We must have been marching for fully six hours before we were halted to take a well-earned rest by the roadside. Whilst resting a Tommy, or English soldier, came along to meet us and to be our guide, he was to take us along to where we were supposed to work, however the night being dark and with a thick fog on, we were actually lost. We must have travelled twelve to sixteen miles from where we met the guide, and eventually with our officers being as much exhausted as we were they decided to retire right back to our camp. On receiving the word to retire all of us boys gave three ringing cheers which gave us heart. We returned back to camp arriving at 5.30 a.m. the next morning absolutely tired, foot sore and hungry ... You should have seen the state our boots, puttees and clothes were in, simply awful, 9 enough to make one cry. Mud all over. B Company were more fortunate and reached Delville Wood about 1 a.m. where they dug for an hour and a half. “The wood was not wholly in our hands,” reported Capt. Malcolm Ross, the N.Z. war correspondent. “The ground 10 was new, the weather bad, and the shelling heavy.” 200 of them managed to put down a trench 150 yards 11 (137 m) long, averaging 4 ½ feet in depth (1.4m). They had one casualty, but it was just a flesh wound. “Our men [were] greatly pleased,” said Maj. Buck, “as they were the first New Zealanders on work in [the] Somme 12 and they had the first man hit.” B Company was back at their camp by 7 a.m. and like A Company spent the 13 morning sleeping. To ensure there was no repeat of the mix-up, during the day Lt-Col King and Maj. Buck took Maj. Pennycook (O.C., D Coy) and Capt. Tahiwi (O.C., C Coy) over the route to Delville Wood and laid off the work that their companies were to carry out that night. Buck noted the lay of the land and the artillery batteries in the area: Big guns from way back made the air nervous above with heavy shells on way to German trenches. On way out we passed ruins of Fricourt, also the famous Pommiers Redoubt. Along to right was Delville Wood and on the skyline to left was High Wood. In a hollow we passed were lines of 18-pounder 14 batteries and other guns pounding away. In the gully on the way up to the trenches the officers saw the remains of German railway carriages destroyed in the earlier fighting as well as unexploded shells lying 15 in almost every direction. The company work areas for the communication trench were marked off, with 150 men from C and D Companies under 2/Lt Harry Dansey tasked with completing it. Others of D Company were to dig the deep dugouts which communication trenches needed. These had to be at least 15 feet (4.5 m) below 16 the surface. That night the work parties managed to finish all the tasks. There was a lot of German shelling, 17 but these burst about 100 yards (91 m) away. There 18 was only one casualty ― Sgt Tamepo of C Company. On the last day of August, work on the trenches at Savoy and Carlton got fully underway with platoons doing four-

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hour shifts. The trenches were deepened and duckwalks laid to allow safer and more efficient passage through them. The improvements, however, came at a cost for these trenches were severely hit by both 21 H.E. and colourless gas shells. Maj. Buck said it was 22 a “very hot show.” 24-year old Pte George Rewa of Motiti Island, one of the C Company men, was blown up and five of his mates wounded while a sergeant and three privates were evacuated due to gas inhalation. This was their first experience of a gas attack. Many 23 experienced headaches as a result of the wafting gas. The sergeant, Matene Duff of Tokaanu, was suffering badly as one of the phosgene shells had burst near him. He died two days later at the A.D.S. at Mametz. Sgt Duff was a direct descendant of the Ngati Tuwharetoa 24 chief Te Herekiekie. In the afternoon, those men still in the Pioneers’ camp, moved outside it’s bounds to their protective trenches as a German artillery gun had ranged in on the crossroads. Already one shell had landed near the Pioneer’s Headquarters and 27 year-old Pte John 25 Hodges of Mohaka had been wounded. Several German balloons were up observing the New Zealand lines, although the British had far more balloons and 26 aeroplanes in the air. Soldiers were also evacuated from the Somme sector because of debilitating illnesses resulting from continued exposure to the cold and wet conditions. One of the Rarotongans, Pte Kopu Tanga of Avarua, came down with a case of phthsis and was hospitalised. He was later sent to England to recuperate and it was 27 fully ten months before he re-joined the Battalion. Later in the month Pte Richard Ransfield of Ohau near Levin, reported to the R.M.O. that he had pain in the side and the doctor found he was running a fever. Ransfield was taken to hospital at Etaples, transferred to No. 2 NZ General Hospital at Walton-on-Thames in England and, like Avarua, eventually ended up at No. 3 NZ General Hospital at Codford. Eventually a medical board determined that he was suffering from exposure to both the climate and the stress and strain of active 28 service. 2/Lt Vercoe was the first Pioneer officer to depart the Battalion at the Somme. He was ill and taken to 29 hospital in Rouen. Five Pakeha sergeants ― J.A. Gow, K. Scott, J.H. Catchpole, D. McAuley, and W. A. French ― were made second lieutenants in the field to replace those Pakeha officers who had been killed or evacuated 30 since the Battalion arrived in France.

To Be Continued Next Month References: 1) Stewart, p. 67. 2) Buck Diary, vol. 3, 25 August 1916. 3) NZ Pioneer Battalion Diary, 28 August 1916. 4) Buck Diary, vol. 3, 29 August, 1916. 5) NZ Pioneer Battalion Diary, 9 September 1916. 6) NZ Pioneer Battalion Diary, 28 August 1916. 7) NZ Pioneer Battalion Diary, 28 August 1916. 8) Evening Post, 24 March 1917, p. 5. 9) Tania Te Rangingangana Simpson, The Last Maopo: the life and first world war sacrifice of Wiremu Maopo, Libro International, Auckland, pp. 65-66. 10) The Gisborne Times, 13 March 1917, p. 6. 11) NZ Pioneer Battalion Diary, 29 August 1916. 12) Buck Diary, vol. 3, 28 August, 1916. 13) Capt. Edward Harris Diary, 27 August 1916; Tamepo Diary, 28 August 1916. 14) Buck Diary, vol. 3, 29 August 1916. Pommiers Redoubt was on the south side of the D64 Mametz to Montauban-de-Picardie road and had been captured on the first day of the Battle of the Somme by 18th Division, one of the few successes of the 1st July actions. 15) Buck Diary, vol. 3, 29 August 1916. 16) Buck Diary, vol. 3, 28 August 1916. 17) Evening Post, 24 March 1917, p. 5. 18) NZ Pioneer Battalion Diary, 29 August 1916; Buck Diary, vol. 3, 30 August 1916. 19) Tamepo Diary, 30 - 31 August 1916. 20) Buck Diary, vol. 3, 31 August 1916. 21) Buck Diary, vol. 3, 31 August 1916. 22) Buck Diary, vol. 3, 31 August 1916. 23) NZ Pioneer Battalion Diary, 31 August 1916; 16/115 Pte Whare Barton, personnel file; Buck Diary, vol. 3, 31 August 1916. 24) 16/373 Sgt Matene Rangiamohia Duff, personnel file; 16/424 Pte Whare Barton, personnel file. 25) 16/1338 Pte John Henry Hodges, personnel file. 26) Buck Diary, vol. 3, 31 August 1916. 27) 16/1224 Pte Kopu Tanga, personnel file. 28) 16/288 Pte Richard Ransfield, personnel file. Ransfield went from 12st to 9st 3lbs, easily caught colds and then was found to have TB in the lungs. In March 1917 invalided him back to a sanatorium in New Zealand. 29) 16/161 Capt. Henry Ray Vercoe, personnel file. 30) NZ Pioneer Battalion Diary, 1 September 1916; Buck Diary, vol. 3, 2 September 1916. Their appointments were approved on 26 August 1916. 9/145 Lt William Alexander French, personnel file.

Kei te whakamāoritia ngā kōrero, ā, ko Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Porou kei te whakahaere i te kaupapa nei, i raro anō o te mana i tukua mai e ngā mōrehu o C Company o Ngā Taonga a Ngā Tama Toa Trust. Nā Wiremu and Jossie Kaa i whakamāori tēnei wāhanga.

MOANA, E! MANAHI, E! TE PUKE O 209 ME TAKROUNA (Continued from last month) Ko Jim Richardson tētahi o nga taina tokotoru i hono atu i Raukokore, a, i roto ano hoki a ia i te Ope Iti 15. I nga Tiamana kē te tūranga tika notemea i te tiro whakararo kē mai rātou ki a mātou i runga i te whenua teitei. Ko mātou hoki kei te piki whakarunga atu i runga i tētahi maunga poupou kia eke atu ai mātou ki te tīhi o te maunga. Mehemea ka taka mai he mortar, ehara anake i te kongakonga nga mea ka paratī mai ki runga i a koe, ka tāpiri atu hoki ētahi kongakonga toka me ētahi atu paru, notemea he mārō hoki te whenua.24 I pa mai hoki te mate māhunga ki a Jim engari i noho atu a ia i runga i te maunga ki te taha o ōna hoa. I roto ano hoki tana tuakana a Len i taua rōpu, a, tērā pea i wawata a ia i runga kē a ia i te Taihana o Tawaroa i roto i te marumaru o tana mahi hepara mo te tekau hereni i te wiki. I taotū a Richardson, katahi ka whakahokia ki te whare marumaru e Takataka Koopu i runga i te kauamo: ‘E hika ma! Haere tika tonu atu ki roto ki te whawhai, kaore he hoia tautoko, kaore he aha . . . Tata ana ahau ki te pa i nga matā, e ruiruitia ana mai ki runga ki te whenua hei whakakore atu i ahau. I waimarie ahau i te neke hurihuri atu i tawhiti. Otira, e hika ma, kei te whāwhā tonu ahau i te toto.’ Ina eke atu nga Ope Iti Toru i te maunga, katahi a Awatere rāua ko Teneti ka tahuri ki te patu i tētahi hoariri pupuhi pū mīhini — he tangata kaitā, he tangata tōroa, e takoto whārōrō ana i muri o te Spandau e whakarukeruke ana i a mātou hoia. Anei nga tuhinga a Awatere:

Ko tēnei kōrero e pā ana ki te pukapuka rongonui nei, ara Ngā Tama Toa: The Price of Citizenship.

I tū paraha atu ahau ki runga i te mau-pū, ka hopuhia e ahau tana māhunga, ka kume whakamuri, katahi ka whakarukea i taku pū ringaringa kore matā. Kihai i pa. Ka tū mai hoki a ia ka hinga whakamuri ko ahau. Ka hurihia mai e ia tana spandau ki taku takiwa, ka rere atu ahau ki runga ki a ia, ka nonoke māua.

KO TE TŪRANGA WHAKAORA TŪRORO Na te po hoki i āwhina te whakahoki pai mai o te hunga i taotū. Na nga kaikawe tūroro i whakahoki mai i nga taotū katahi ka utaina atu he matā hei whakahoki atu ki a te Kamupene ‘C’. Ko te whare whakapai taotū i whakatūria ki te taha o te Topuni Matua o te Hokowhitu a Tū, a, kei te tere te whakakī mai a te tūroro. I maumahara a Len Richardson i te wa e takoto māuiui ana a ia i te taha whakamuri o te Tōpuni Matua. ‘Katahi ka kawea mai tētahi ano no te wa kāinga ka mauria mai ki roto ka whakatakototia ki taku taha. Kei te kite atu hoki ahau i a ia e takoto ana i reira. E hika ma! Kanukanu ana tana āhua. Pāhukahuka ana tana waha, kei te kite atu hoki ahau e kore a ia e toe roa. I hemo a ia i taku taha. E kore e taea e ahau te āwhina atu natemea kāhore ahau i te tino pai.’

Kāhore ahau e maumahara i pehea rawa te haere o tēnei purutai. No muri rawa ka mohio ahau na Teneti a ia i pupuhi, a, i taotū a ia. I te whawhai tonu a ia kia kore a ia e mate. Na māua a ia i kuru ki raro o te paripari, rua tekau putu te teitei. Na Teneti ano ia i pupuhi, ka pau te kaha ki a ia. Katahi ka rarau atu a Teneti i tana Spandau ka whakamahia atu ki te karawhiu i te rua pū mīhini tūranga o te hoariri.

Te hōnore o te ekenga ki te tihi o Hikurangi i tau mai ki a Ngarimu me ana whanaunga, nāna hoki rātou i arahi tika atu ki te rua tūranga pū mīhini. E mau tonu ana nga pēneti o a rātou pū. Kei te karawhiuwhiu haere tonu hoki a ia ma tana pū tommy gun. He wa poto, he tino whakarihariha hoki tēnei tau utuutu kia wātea ra ano te tihi o te maunga. Anei nga hokinga mahara o Kaiwai: ‘I tukia e mātou nga pokokohua ra! Kanukanu ana rātou i a mātou.’ Ka hoki whakamuri nga hoariri ki te tāheke whakararo o Hikurangi. Ahakoa kaha ta mātou pakanga ki te neke i a rātou, na te whakatekateka o te rārangi mai o a rātou pū, o runga atu o te Puke o 209, ka uaua ta mātou ekenga atu. I heke atu a Ope Iti 14 ki tua o te pae maunga, engari ko te Ope Iti a Bully Jackson i kake mai ra i te huarahi i te taha matau i whawhai whakarunga mai i te tāheke o te tonga ki te hono mai ki a rātou. I konei hoki ka mate a Rangi Keelan o Uawa. Ka tahuri a Awatere, a Ngarimu rātou ko Jackson ma ki te whakatikatika i ta rātou rōpu pakari. Kei te taha matau hoki i waenganui o te hekenga atu i te tāheke pohatuhatu a Walton Haig me tana Ope Iti kei te pupuritia nei hoki e nga hoariri i runga i te tāheke pohatuhatu. Ko nga matā kohakoha i ahu mai i nga pū mīhini i runga i te hiwi kei te karawhiu mai i runga i o rātou upoko. Ka roa te po he rawaka tonu nga Tiamana i whakarere i o rātou tūranga whawhai, ka whakawhiti atu i te awaawa ka tatu atu ki te takiwa o Ope Iti 15. Ka auē ake te waha o tētahi o te Ope Iti i roto i te reo Maori, kei te heke mai ētahi Tiamana i te maunga. I pōhēhē a Paul Te Kani kei te tukia mai rātou e te hoariri. Katahi ka hāmama atu tana pū mīhini Bren. Anei nga kōrero a Parkinson, tana nama rua mo tēnei pū: No to mātou tirohanga ki a rātou i muri iho, katahi ano mātou ka kite kāre a rātou pū. E heke kē mai ana rātou ki te hauraro. I te āhua nei i pau kē a rātou matā. Ko tētahi o rātou he āpiha tamariki e tangi ana, e auē ana mo tana māmā. Hanga whaka-aroha ana ki te titiro atu. I kōrero tētahi o nga hoia kia pūhia kia hemo kia kore ai e mamae. Nāku i wete taku koti nui, katahi ka uhia ki runga ki a ia, engari no waenganui po ia ka mate. Pau tonu te haora e kōkiri ana a Kamupene ‘C’ kia riro i a rātou te

Reta Keiha me ētahi tangata o te Kamupene ‘C’ e raweke ana i te pū mīhini Spandau.

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tāhinga whakamua i nga hoariri. Kua tata mai hoki te pouri ki te tau, he pēnei tonu te āhua ka pa ki te koraha. Kei te heke haere hoki a rātou putu matā. No to rātou kitenga atu i a S/Sgt Kohere e ahu mai ana, ka pōhēhē rātou kei te kawe mai a ia i ētahi matā ma rātou. Engari ko te āhua nei ko tēnei S/Sgt i a ia nei te mahi whakakīkī i nga putu matā a te kamupene i haramai kē a ia ki te hono mai ki te Ope Iti ki te whawhai. I taua po tonu ka taotū a ia katahi ka riro ano i a Tame Kaua te Tūranga Whakahaere (CSM).

‘KAUA E MATAKU E KORO, E KORE Tēnei MAUNGA E RIRO.’ Katahi tonu ka oti te whakatikatika i a Ope Iti 13 rāua ko Ope Iti 14, katahi nga Tiamana ka tahuri mai ki te tuki mai ano i a mātou. Na konei ka korara nga tangata ki tua o te pae maunga ki te pupuri i te maunga. I konei ka kite atu ahau i te pono o nga tono kia whakatūria he komihana mo Ngarimu. Ka kite atu hoki ahau i a ia e tū ana i mua i ana hoia me te karanga atu ki a rātou kia neke whakamua ki te whakaruke i nga Tiamana i waenganui tonu i o rātou whatu. Ko ia hoki i mau tonu ki tana pū mīhini ki te whakarukeruke i te hoariri e tata mai ana ki a rātou. Ina whakatata atu nga rōpu rua nei ki a rāua, i pau nei o rāua kaha ki te whakarite i te mahi totika hei tuki hoariri, katahi ka titaha kē te wairua ki te pupuri i te mana motuhake o te ao Maori me te mahara mo nga whanaunga kua hinga. Na te reta whakamārama a Awatere ki a Ngata mo te weriweri o te tukinga o te hoariri, ka puta ēnei whakaaro mo taua pakanga: I patua weriweritia te Tiamana i kona. Ko te tangata nei ko Wiwi Teneti te tangata nāna i tuaki nga puku, nga whekau o nga Tiamana i runga o nga hiwi. Ko ia te tamaiti i whiwhi ki te DCM. Koina te tangata kaitangata tonu atu o te roopu nei. Ka mutu, te mea i kore, ko te hohoni o nga niho ki te kiko. Ko tana pēneti ki te pa ki te Tiamana pena kē i te heu, na, ka kotikotia poakatia. Otira, kia taua ano ēnei kōrero, kei kiia e te tangata he whakamanamana . . . He tangata humarie, kaore he kino, kaore he riri, engari ka mau ia ki tōna rākau ki te pēneti, ka kōrero, ka aritarita katoa nga atua o te po. Koia nei au i kii ai, i kite au i te wairua o rātou ma i runga i nga tamariki i taua ra. Otira, he pēnā katoa nga tamariki i a Wiwi Teneti na, he ringa taumaha i te kari i nga kauae o te Tiamana. Continued next month

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of whenua and territories was in the form of kaitiakitanga, custodianship or guardianship.

TRADITIONAL OWNERSHIP RIGHTS AND INHERITANCE

In the natural order there was harmony and balance, and these dimensions woven together formed a holistic concept of the traditional inheritance and rights of Māori women to land. Māori custom made no distinction between single and married women and wives could deal with their inherited land rights without reference to their husbands.

Māori Women's Land Rights

excerpt from Standing in the Sunshine Book by Sandra Coney

According to the ancient sayings of the ancestors, Papa and Rangi clung together as one. In seeking light from a world of darkness their children moved to separate them; thus Te Whenua, earth, and Te Rangi, sky, were estab lished. Land is female, woman. Land is whenua, but whenua is more than land. The spiritual bonding to and inheritance of land is expressed quite clearly in the following excerpt: 'Firstly whenua is land. Secondly, whenua is the placenta within the mother that feeds the child before birth. And when it is born this whenua is treated with respect, dignity, and taken to a place in the earth and dedicated to Papatuanuku, the Earth Mother of the Māori people. And there it will nurture the child. You know our food and living come from the earth, and there also this whenua of the child stays and says, "This is your little bit of land. No matter where you wander in the world I will be here and at the end of your days you can come back and this is your papakainga and this - I will receive you in death". From the breast of Papatūānuku sprang plants trees, animals, fish and fowl, all of which provided sustenance from the land to create the milk flowing from the mother's breast, Ko te whenua te wai u mo nga uri whakatupu. Women and the land are inseparable and many of the most significant Māori words derive from the body of a woman: kopu te whare o tē tangata, womb, the first home of people; whenua placenta or afterbirth, which was buried in the land; whanau to give birth, the family, extended family; hapu pregnant, subtribe; iwi bones, tribe. Whilst traditionally there was no formal ownership of land as we know it today, possession and control

Anthropologist Anne Salmond has documented written sources which Heni Materoa (Lady Carroll), with women of Te Kuri A Tuatai Marae near Gisbome, reveal that Māori women were in front of the doorway of Te Poho o Materoa (with mere), the meeting house at the marae. Heni Materoa inherited great wealth and high rank from her mother, Riperata major landholders: 'For instance Kahutia of Te Aitangi-a-Mahaki, a chiefly woman and land court advocate. Her father was Polack cited two women who had Mikaere Turangi of Rongowhakaata. She backed her husband James Carroll financially, brought large quantities of land and built a large home in Gisborne and, with her brother, gave a number of pieces of land slaves with them on marriage ... and for public buildings and churches in Gisbome, including land on which was built the Heni Materoa Creche (an orphanage). McDonnell made it clear that such Gisborne Museum land-rights remained the wife's, for transmission to her children: In the 1870s Mr Williams of Te Aute, Hawke's Bay, "If a chief, a landless one, took for a wife one who detailed cases to Donald McLean, the Minister of had extensive lands, he was made none the richer, Native Affairs. One woman was advised by her and unless she chose to give him a piece he could not friends not to marry to avoid losing her share in a claim a square foot." valuable block of land. She was allowed to live with the man instead. The impact of European or Pakeha settle ment on In a debate on married women's property in the Māori women's land rights changed this structure and Legislative Council in 1881 George Waterhouse diminished women's mana and status in relation to reported that large numbers of Māori women in their land: 'The traditional ritual recognition of male- Hawke's Bay were refusing lo marry because land female com plementarity was eroded by conversion they held under Crown grant became subject to to Christianity, and the jural status of Māori women's European law, and the property of their husbands. land rights and their participation in political activity was placed under severe pressure by contradictory Mr Williams recommended an amendment to the European dogmas about the rights of women. It is clear Native Land Act giving married women control of that Māori women retained their customary rights to their land, but the Married Women's Property Act land when the Native Land Court was established in solved the problem without the need for special 1862, and thus had legal property rights as individuals legislation. Indeed, the favourable position of Māori before these were enacted for European women.' women was used in the parliamentary debates to urge that European married women should be put on But, under European law, land held by Māori women the same footing as Māori women. under Crown grant passed into the control of their husbands when they married. Not realising this, Māori Current Māori land law recognises the traditiona.] wives continued to deal'with their land, signing deeds pattern of bilateral inheritance. All children, without reference to their husbands, 'not considering regardless of gender or age, inherit shares and that their husbands had any voice in the matter', and ownership from both parents. New Zealand Pakeha men accepting that 'they had no right to interfere'. practices in inheritance often differ, preferring Women were shocked to be told this was illegal and senior male inheritance. But in all matters relating began to feel a grievous wrong had been done to lo rights to papatupu (ancestral) lands traditionally them. inherited by women, transmission of land to

A Sturdy Grandson There is planted in the R.S.A. grounds, on the corner of Childers Road and Bright Street, one lone pine tree, growing bravely and proudly, but a lone pine with a unique difference - it is the grandson of the original Lone Pine, that stunted tree that was responsible for the naming of the Lone Pine Position of Anzac and Gallipoli fame. During November, 1962, Mr. Norm Tasker and Mr Fred Barwick were among a party of fourteen N.Z. members of a Gallipoli Veterans’ Assn. delegation on a visit to Australia. At a function held at the Kingston-Narrabundah R.S.L. Club Major J.J. McGrath, Director of the Australian War Memorial, presented them with seeds from the pine that grew at the Memorial, which had itself come from a cone of the tree at Gallipoli. Upon their return, the seed planted here in Gisborne did not germinate, but this tree, that we are so fortunate to have growing so well in our grounds, was successfully germinated and nurtured in the Tauranga district by a resident nurseryman, in 1964, thus making this, our pine, a sturdy grandson of the original.

Planting of the pine tree from Gallipoli on ANZAC Day 1965

The Pine today as it stands outside the RSA

It was sent to, planted and cared for by Mr. Norm Tasker, a living link and reminder of those grim days at ANZAC. Source: Golden Jubilee Returned Services Association 1916 22 * 1926- 70 (Inside Cover)

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Pipiwharauroa Tūranga Health

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April 2016

18-month-old Te Aotahi Apiata giggles as she drops to her knees and crawls around the floor memorized by Latin beats. Wearing purple like her mum, Te Aotahi is playing at a Les Mills SH’BAM fitness class at YMCA Gisborne and she’s not the only toddler around.

Cheev Boyd-Kitai and Cimarron Apiata work out while 18-month-old Te Aotahi Apiata beetles about the class.

Mum and Bubs making it fun: Fitness for mums with pēpi

RUNNING, dancing, pottering and sleeping between all the women working out today are six other children. A baby lies dozing in its car seat, another is in a pram, and one woman wears her baby in a front pack. It’s just a normal session in what is fast becoming one of Tūranga Health’s most popular exercise programmes. Mums and Bubs is a weekly work out for mothers of young children who’d normally find it difficult to find a way to exercise. Participants bring their pēpi in and while they work up a sweat their toddlers beetle around the floor and play with supplied toys at the back of the room. At the edge of the class Tūranga Health support staff cuddle babies while keeping an eye on fast-moving toddlers. Mums and Bubs is part of Tūranga Health’s Māmā and Pēpi wraparound service for Māori and non-Māori mothers and includes antenatal classes, help with breastfeeding, and social services support. Tūranga Health staff member Grace Donald says finding time to look after themselves can be a low priority for young busy mums. “We wanted to create a positive experience with exercise while eliminating any barriers such as transport, cost, confidence and childcare.” Grace says sometimes the hardest thing about getting fit while looking after a baby is getting started and having to be separated from your baby. “But if baby is part of the class half of the problem is fixed - the only thing left is to push yourself to start." While she talks Grace is rocking five-month-old Swayze Boyd-Kitai to sleep. His mother Cheev Boyd-Kitai thinks today’s class, SH’BAM is the ultimate way to exercise. The sim-ple but seriously hot dance moves are set to a soundtrack of popular hits and everyone is having a blast. “I came because I wanted to get fit and be healthy for my baby. I love exercising like this, I wouldn’t want to exercise in front of other people right now, so this is the bomb. It’s time to work on you.”

Cimarron Apiata is mum to Te Aotahi. Her five-month old daughter Erana is being held by a Tūranga Health staff member. Cimarron says she comes back every week because childcare isn’t a problem and it’s good to get out. “I like coming back. It’s a good work out, on the bike especially, good for my legs.” As well as SH’BAM, fitness instructors have created spin classes (on stationary bikes) and light weights classes. YMCA Gisborne fitness coordinator Frauke Nieschmidt says she works with a lot of mothers and they are always telling her how hard it is to get back into exercise after you have just had a baby.

“I love exercising like this, I wouldn’t want to exercise in front of other people right now, so this is the bomb. It’s time to work on you.” Cheev Boyd-Kitai

“These classes are getting mums back into fitness and giving them a chance to socialize with other mothers.” She says the 30 minute workouts are created with young, busy, mothers in mind. The dance moves aren’t complex, the weights aren’t loaded up, and the overall aim is to have fun. “Often they have been up for baby at night, they might be breastfeeding, so we take all that into consideration. All day they give themselves to their kids and so this is a treat for them. They deserve this.” For more information about Mums and Bubs fitness classes contact Grace Donald, Tūranga Health, (06) 869 0457.

Public screening of rare local footage RARE and unique Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision footage of Tairāwhiti whānau between 1919 and the 1980’s will screen at the Lawson Field Theatre next month. Footage includes the welcome home for the Māori Pioneer Battalion (1919); the funeral of Sir Apirana Ngata (1950); the centennial hui of Ringatū church members at Muriwai (1967); Waihīrere Māori Group (1965); and the Governor General Sir Charles Ferguson at Rāhui Marae, Tikitiki (1926). In conjunction with Tūranga Health the collection of moving images and audio taonga will bring to life the voice of Tairāwhiti Māori during this time. Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision (New Zealand Film Archive, Sound Archives, and Television New Zealand Archive) will screen the films at Turanga Health’s morning Kaumātua Programme, and then again for the public in the evening. Tūranga Health’s Kay Robin says Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision staff bringing the footage to Gisborne are interested in identifying more of the people in the moving images. “We hope to fill the theatre. For many it will be a bombardment of memories. For others it will be fascinating look at the way Māori were depicted during the decades.”

Public screening: Tuesday 24 May, 6pm-7.30pm, Lawson Field Theatre. Gold coin donation.

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Te Poho ō Rāwiri

Lt Cdr Tony Pereira

Gisborne Dawn Parade

Photo courtesy of Mel Tahata

Manutuke Marae Te Karaka

Photo courtesy of Mike Haami

Muriwai Marae

Jack Donnelly & his wife Amy

Doug has been playing bugle at The Pā since 1964

Cenotaph

Lewis Whaitiri with London Māori Club, Ngāti Rānana, London

Photo courtesy of Lewis Whaitiri

Iluka, NSW

Photo courtesy of Nancy & Albert Hunt

Gisborne RSA