Grade 9 • Study Guide
English Home Language
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SECTION
Activity 88: Study a poem: ‘The nightwatchman’ (Fhazel Johennesse)
Activity
SECTION
Activity
Activity
Focus on literature: ‘Mmutla and Phiri’ (Ellen Molokela) ........................
‘The Chase of Slieve Gallion’ (Rosemary Sutcliff)
‘Ozymandias’ (Percy Bysshe
Focus on literature: ‘Splendours from Ramoutsa’
Activity 203: Read a short story: ‘Civil Peace’ (Chinua Achebe) ....................................
Activity 204: Revise poetry and figures of speech ...............................................................
Activity 205: Read a folktale: ‘The snake with seven heads’ (Gcina Mhlope)
Activity 206: Focus on literature: ‘Fear’ (H.E. Bates)
SECTION 3: Writing and presenting...........................................................................................
Activity 207: Revise dialogue and essay
Activity 208: Write a narrative essay.........................................................................................
Activity
Activity 210: Practise writing an
SECTION 4: Language structures and conventions .............................................................
SAMPLE
LESSON ELEMENTS
Vocabulary
The meaning of new words to fully understand the text/content.
Tips
A useful hint to help improve skills.
Language structures and conventions
Activity
Core content and questions to test the learner’s knowledge.
SAMPLE
Key language elements that must be studied, understood and applied to the content of the lesson.
RECOMMENDED READING
All the texts for this year are either in the facilitator’s guide, this study guide or in the set book English for Life Reader Grade 9. However, you need to read as much as you can – this will help broaden your vocabulary, develop your imagination and improve your memory. Besides, books can take you anywhere you want to go! Look at the bookshelf and find a new book to read.
SAMPLE
INTRODUCTION
This study guide is organised into 4 units and 18 lessons. Each lesson is taught over 2 weeks.
• Unit 1 has five themed lessons.
• Unit 2 has four themed lessons and a mid-year examination.
• Unit 3 has five themed lessons.
• Unit 4 has four themed lessons and a year-end examination.
• At the end of units 2 and 4, learners write exams.
Each lesson has 4 sections:
• Listening and speaking
• Reading and viewing
• Writing and presenting
• Language structures and conventions
Each of these sections contains activities. At the beginning of each lesson is a list of the topics covered in that lesson. At the end of each lesson are remedial and extension activities, which you may complete if time allows.
SAMPLE
YEAR PLAN
LESSON 1: A picture is worth a thousand words
LESSON 2: It’s up to us
1
LESSON 3: The common touch
LESSON 4: It’s all in the details
LESSON 5: It’s news to me!
2 LESSON 6: Where there’s a will, there’s a way
LESSON 7: The sky’s the limit
LESSON 8: Let’s meet
LESSON 9: Everyone matters
LESSON 10: Will you, or won’t you?
LESSON 11: Invest in yourself
3
LESSON 12: Once upon a time ...
SAMPLE
LESSON 13: A powerful mind
LESSON 14: Talk about it
4 LESSON 15: Apply yourself
LESSON 16: Stand up. Speak out.
LESSON 17: Facts or fake?
LESSON 18: Bang your drum!
UNIT 1: Weeks 1 – 2
LESSON 1:
A picture is worth a thousand words
In this lesson you will:
• discuss advertisements
• do a listening comprehension
• read about advertising techniques
• read a visual text
• learn more about short stories
• focus on literature: ‘Flight’
• design an advertisement
• revise simple tenses
• learn about concord
SECTION 1 Listening and speaking
Activity 1: Talk about advertisements
Study the illustration on the opening page. What is everyone doing? What does the idiom in the title of the lesson refer to? In this lesson, we look at advertising and the effect it has on us as consumers. Have you ever looked at or listened critically to advertisements?
What is advertising?
The basic aim of all advertisements is to persuade the reader/listener to buy or subscribe to a certain product. Advertisements fall in the category of ‘persuasive texts’ – texts that attempt to influence the reader to perform a certain action, mainly to yield to/to buy a certain product. A persuasive text can be defined as an intentional effort at influencing a reader’s attitude and behaviour. Remember this when you are asked to write a persuasive essay.
Pre-listening and speaking
1. Give two ways we abbreviate (shorten) the word advertisements. This form of abbreviation is called truncation or clipped words, that is, part of the word is clipped off, but the word still retains its original meaning.
Discuss your favourite and least favourite advertisements on the radio or on television. Explain why you like or dislike them.
2. Revise these concepts which relate to advertisements by matching the word to its meaning. Some of the words are more relevant to different media such as radio, internet, social media, print (newspaper and magazines), vehicles, billboards and television advertisements. Say which type of media each word and meaning relates to best. Write only the number and letter, for example, 1 d.
Word Meaning
1. Purpose
2. Font
SAMPLE
a) How visual elements such as design, illustration and words are arranged and placed in the advertisement
b) A design or symbol used to identify an organisation and/or its products
3. Layout c) Language that controls or influences people
4. Jingle
5. Slogan
6. Logo
d) To create and sustain demand for products and services; to persuade people to buy a product
e) A short catchy tune/song which promotes the product(s) being advertised
f) The use of the senses to evoke emotion; sound (music, laughter, words, songs) sight (beautiful scenes) and so on
Word Meaning
7. Emotive language g) The typeface of the words in the advertisement; must be easy to read
8. Sensory details h) A short and memorable phrase people associate with a product
9. Manipulative language i) Language that evokes feelings such as fear, love, happiness
Discuss the information on nouns in the box below.
Nouns
A noun names a person, place, thing, idea, action or quality.
There are four different types of nouns:
1. Common or concrete nouns name ordinary things (a person: woman, place: shop, or thing: pencil). They are usually preceded by a, an or the.
An advertisement, a commercial, the new television programme
They have gender: masculine (king), feminine (queen), common (doctor) or neuter (table).
2. Proper nouns are specific names of people, places, days, months. They are always capitalised.
Tuesday, January, Sarah, Mpumalanga, Mount Everest
3. Abstract nouns express ideas, concepts, or qualities that cannot be seen or experienced – they are intangible. It can frequently be an emotion or a feeling. You usually use the before an abstract noun rather than a or an Love, loyalty, friendship, faith, indifference, kindness, strength
The night was cloaked in fear.
George still has hope, but Sam gives in to despair.
The author has a vivid imagination and creates wonderful worlds.
4. Collective nouns name groups of people or things
A squadron of aircraft, a murder of crows, a colony of ants. Below are a few examples of collective nouns.
SAMPLE
A circle of friends
A class of pupils
A horde of savages
A host of angels
A mob of rioters
A pack of thieves
A panel of experts
A regiment of soldiers
A staff of employees
A troupe of acrobats
A quiver of arrows
A range of mountains
A ream of paper
A reel of film
A set of clubs
A sheaf of grain
A shower of rain
A stack of wood
A string of pearls
A wad of notes
A bask of crocodiles
A leap of leopards
A muster of peacocks
A knot of toads
A zeal of zebras
A smack of jellyfish
A batch of bread
A galaxy of stars
A group of islands
A fleet of ships
A forest of trees
A hail of bullets
A hand of bananas
A flight of birds
A kindle of kittens
A chest of drawers
A cluster of coconuts
A nest of mice
A pack of wolves
A plague of locusts
A pride of lions
A school of whales
A crew of sailors
A crowd of people
A broad of chickens
A catch of fish
A cloud of insects
A colony of gulls
A drove of horses
Read the newspaper or magazine advertisement your facilitator gives you. In one minute, write down all the nouns. Compete with a partner and see who finds the most nouns and identifies them correctly.
Activity 2: Listening exercise
1. Revise pronouns, then listen to a radio advertisement. As you listen, write down as many pronouns as you can, and identify them. The learner with the most correctly identified pronouns wins.
Pronouns
SAMPLE
Pronouns take the place of nouns. Study the information and make sure you understand the function of each pronoun.
Pronoun
1. Personal
Refers to people or things without giving their names. Use them in place of nouns to avoid repetition of the noun
As the subject: I am enjoying the dance classes. You should take part
As the object: I asked her whether she would be my dance partner.
I, me, you, she, he, it, we, they, him
Pronoun Definition Sentences Examples
2. Possessive Indicates ownership
3. Demonstrative Point out specific people, places or things
4. Interrogative Used to ask questions
5. Reflexive
The action of the verb is turned back on the subject
6. Relative Introduces adjective clauses
I was given a new puppy for my birthday. The puppy is mine mine, yours, hers, his, it’s, ours, theirs
This is mine. That is yours. this, that, these, those
Who is that? What are you doing? who, which, what, whose, to whom
My baby sister has learnt to feed herself We had to do all the work ourselves. myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself, ourselves, themselves
7. Indefinite Refer to people or things in a general way
Sindiwe Magona, who grew up listening to isiXhosa folktales, wrote one of the short stories in our book. who, whose, whom, which, that
The pirate said, ‘Someone has stolen my treasure!’ anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, none, someone, somebody, something
2. Circle the words used by advertisers to manipulate buyers.
Bargain Visual Buy now! Design Elements
SAMPLE
Never again will you see these prices! Best Compare Now Conversation FREE! First 50 customers OnLY! Never to be repeated Media Save Font Get 2 for 1! Special offer Buy 3 skincare products and get the cheapest one free Emotion Today only! Reduced Sale Up to 50% off Lowest prices New Improved Results guaranteed Safe
Tried and tested Symbol Last year’s prices Discount Song Reduced Act now! Great value
3. Listen to and/or watch at least ten advertisements across all media. See how many manipulative words or techniques you can add to the list.
4. Copy your favourite logo.
5. Share two of your favourite slogans.
6. Explain which advertisements you liked the most and why.
Tone is the attitude we convey by the way we speak (diction) or write, or the feeling we convey by the way we say the words
Body language is the way our movements, facial expressions, the way we stand or sit, and our gestures convey how we feel about what we are saying, or what another person is saying, without us saying anything.
Say this sentence a few times using a different tone each time: That’s incredible news! Notice the difference your tone of voice makes. Also, note the body language you use each time you change your tone.
Pacing in speaking is the speed at which we say something. The pace conveys our feelings or emotion about what we are saying. A slow pace can convey thoughtfulness or boredom. A medium pace can convey calmness and reason. A fast pace conveys a more emotional state such as excitement or anger. In a story, it is the speed at which the story unfolds.
7. Listen to the advertisements your facilitator reads to you. Read the questions. Make notes the second time you listen and answer the questions. Write only the number and the letter, for example, 1 c.
1. What is KFC’s tagline?
a) Always fresher b) KFC, so good! c) Flame grilled, it just tastes better
2. What device do both adverts use to promote the products?
a) Comedy b) Tragedy c) Melodrama
3. What is advertised in the second advert?
a) Five Roses tea b) Nestlé Hot Chocolate c) Milo
SAMPLE
4. The second product makes a claim, what is it?
a) It boosts the calcium content of a glass of milk by nearly 70% b) Kids love it c) You can only drink it in the morning
5. Who are the characters in the second advert?
a) Father and daughter b) Brother and sister c) Mother and son
6. In which category can we place KFC?
a) Healthy food b) Junk food c) Wholefoods
7. Who is the character mentioned in the KFC advert?
a) Joanne b) Sarah c) Jessica
8. What is the difference in delivery between the two adverts?
a) Both have a narrator b) One has a narrator, the other two characters
c) They both have characters
9. The word KFC is mentioned:
a) Five times b) Three times c) Six times
10. The main idea of the advertisements is to: a) Promote the products. b) Change people’s eating habits. c) Get people to drink more milk.
11. The supporting ideas in the second advertisement are: (there may be more than one answer) a) Kids need a lot of activity. b) Mothers look after their children. c) Calcium is needed for strong bones. d) The product provides energy for play.
12. The tone used in KFC advertisement is: a) sarcastic b) vibey c) bored
8. Discuss the persuasive and manipulative language used in the advertisements.
9. Revise these spelling words.
Spelling: double consonants
Learn these commonly misspelt words: they all have one set of double consonants. Two-syllable words villain, wholly
Three syllable words
Four syllable words
Some words have more than one set of double consonants
SECTION 2
SAMPLE
accordance, omission, opposite, parallel, questionnaire, business
exaggerate, professional
committee, embarrass, address, commission, success
Reading and viewing
Activity 3: Read about advertising techniques
There are various ways we go about reading a text, a story or a cartoon. Read about these different techniques.
Reading techniques
1. Pre-reading is what you do before you read something. Skimming is looking over something to get an overview of what it is about. For example, you skim the newspaper headlines to get the main news of the day. You read the title of a book before deciding whether you want to read it. Scanning is not reading every word but running your eye over something looking for specific information. For example, scan a list looking for the name of someone you know.
• Includes texts for comprehension exercises, speeches and reading.
• Use with the English for Life Reader Grade 9 for poems and short stories.
• Contains tips for better writing, critical reading and understanding.
• Various levels of questions and activities to develop language skills.
• Complete explanations on grammar and syntax.
• Practical examples of writing tasks.
• Encourages independent reading and broadens vocabulary
• Use in school or at home.