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LIFE ORIENTATION STUDY GUIDE
Grade 11
A member of the FUTURELEARN group
Life Orientation Study guide
1 8 11 - E - L I O - S G 0 1
Í2+È-E-LIO-SG019Î
Grade 11
M du Plessis
Study Guide G11 ~ Life Orientation
CONTENTS
LESSON ELEMENTS...........................................................................................................9 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................ 10 ADDITIONAL RECOMMENDED READING.......................................................................11 RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS..........................................................................................11 TIME ALLOCATION............................................................................................................11 TIMETABLE AND TIME MANAGEMENT.......................................................................... 12 STUDY TIPS AND METHODS........................................................................................... 12 SUBJECT CONTENT AND PLANNING............................................................................ 14 Unit 1: Development of the self in society..................................................................... 19 LESSON 1.1: Plan and achieve life goals........................................................... 20 Activity 1: My life from a helicopter perspective...................................................22 LESSON 1.1.1: Plan and set SMART goals........................................................ 24 Activity 2: Goal statements...................................................................................25 Activity 3: SMART principles................................................................................26 LESSON 1.1.2: Action plan................................................................................. 27 Activity 4: An action plan......................................................................................27 LESSON 1.2: Prioritising goals to solve problems.............................................. 30 LESSON 1.2.1: A seven-stage model for problem-solving and decision-making.................................................................................................. 31 Activity 5: Applying the seven-stage problem-solving and decision-making model ...................................................................................................................32 LESSON 1.2.2: The relationship between personal values, choices and goalsetting.................................................................................................................. 32 Activity 6: The influence of values on my life........................................................33 LESSON 1.3: Physical Education....................................................................... 34 LESSON 1.3.1: Safety measures for physical fitness activities.......................... 35 Activity 7: The issue of performance-enhancing drugs ........................................37 LESSON 1.3.2: Improve your physical fitness and health.................................. 38 Activity 8: Monitor your progress..........................................................................41 Unit 2: Relationships and their influence on your own well-being.............................. 44 LESSON 2.1: How relationships influence your well-being................................. 45 LESSON 2.1.1: Qualities of healthy and unhealthy relationships....................... 46 Activity 9: Analysing your relationships................................................................47 LESSON 2.2: How social and cultural views influence relationships.................. 48 Activity 10: Socio-cultural influences....................................................................49 Activity 11: Who am I?..........................................................................................49 LESSON 2.3: The impact of the media on values and beliefs about relationships........................................................................................................ 51 LESSON 2.3.1: The effects of social media........................................................ 54 Activity 12: Case study: Cyberbullying.................................................................55
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Unit 3: Career and career choices.................................................................................. 59 LESSON 3.1: Influences on your career path decision....................................... 60 LESSON 3.1.1: The latest trends in the job market ........................................... 61 Activity 13: My ideal career..................................................................................63 LESSON 3.1.2: Understanding the South African National Qualifications Framework (NQF)............................................................................................... 63 LESSON 3.2: Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) ........... 65 LESSON 3.2.1: Types of TVET courses............................................................. 65 LESSON 3.2.2: Admission Point Score (APS) and National Benchmark Tests (NBT) ........................................................................................................ 69 Activity 14: Calculate your APS score..................................................................71 Activity 15: Complete an example of the AQL test...............................................73 LESSON 3.3: Options for financial assistance.................................................... 73 LESSON 3.3.1: Financial arrangement obligations............................................. 75 Activity 16: Research financial assistance options...............................................75 LESSON 3.4: Physical Education: Participation in programmes that improve your personal level of physical fitness and health................................. 76 LESSON 3.4.1: Aerobic workout programme...................................................... 77 Activity 17: My aerobic calendar...........................................................................78 LESSON 3.4.2: Participation in games for physical fitness................................. 79 Unit 4: Democracy and human rights............................................................................. 83 LESSON 4.1: Principles, processes and procedures for democratic participation......................................................................................................... 84 LESSON 4.1.1: How does one participate in parliament?.................................. 84 LESSON 4.1.2: Public participation and the petition process............................. 85 Activity 18: Draw up a petition..............................................................................86 LESSON 4.1.3: Governance............................................................................... 87 LESSON 4.1.4: How laws are made................................................................... 88 LESSON 4.2: Democratic structures................................................................... 90 LESSON 4.2.1: National government................................................................. 90 LESSON 4.2.2: Provincial government............................................................... 91 Activity 19: Who are the nine premiers of South Africa’s provinces? ..................91 LESSON 4.2.3: Local government...................................................................... 91 Activity 20: Local government .............................................................................92 LESSON 4.2.4: Local community structures....................................................... 92 Activity 21: Working together for democracy .......................................................94 LESSON 4.3: The role of sport in nation building............................................... 96 LESSON 4.3.1: Participant and spectator behaviour in sport............................. 96 Activity 22: Sport behaviour..................................................................................97 Activity 23: Code of conduct.................................................................................98 LESSON 4.3.2: Nation building through sport..................................................... 98 Activity 24: Case study: How sport has changed the Nemato community in Port Elizabeth...................................................................................................99 LESSON 4.4: Physical Education: Improvement of personal level of physical fitness and health................................................................................ 100 LESSON 4.4.1: The power of walking............................................................... 100 LESSON 4.4.2: Resistance training.................................................................. 102 © Impaq
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Activity 25: Other ways of keeping fit – Nordic walking......................................102 Unit 5: Study skills and strategies................................................................................ 104 LESSON 5.1: The application of study skills, study styles and study strategies .......................................................................................................... 105 LESSON 5.1.1: Learning styles........................................................................ 105 Activity 26: What is your learning style?.............................................................106 LESSON 5.1.2: Strategies that suit your learning style......................................110 LESSON 5.1.3: The SQ3R study method.......................................................... 111 LESSON 5.2: Examination writing skills.............................................................114 LESSON 5.2.1: Why do you write exams?........................................................114 LESSON 5.2.2: How to answer different exam questions..................................115 Activity 27: Case study: Orphans and vulnerable children................................. 117 LESSON 5.3: Time management skills and an annual study plan.....................119 LESSON 5.3.1: How to make studying less stressful with maximum motivation.......................................................................................................... 120 LESSON 5.3.2: Time management skills.......................................................... 122 Activity 28: How do you spend your time?.........................................................122 Activity 29: Personal study planner....................................................................123 LESSON 5.3.3: The dangers of procrastination................................................ 124 Unit 6: Administrative, organisational and leadership skills..................................... 126 LESSON 6.1: Leadership.................................................................................. 127 LESSON 6.1.1: The qualities and skills of a good leader................................. 127 LESSON 6.1.2: The three basic leadership styles............................................ 128 Activity 30: Leadership style quiz ......................................................................128 LESSON 6.1.3: Coaching – be a leader by teaching your peers...................... 132 LESSON 6.1.4: Organisational skills................................................................. 133 Activity 31: Assessing your own organisational skills.........................................134 LESSON 6.2: Safety issues relating to participation in physical activity........... 136 LESSON 6.2.1: Basic first aid........................................................................... 136 LESSON 6.3: Physical Education: Participation in community and playground games............................................................................................. 142 LESSON 6.3.1: Different games....................................................................... 143 LESSON 6.3.2: How to design a new game..................................................... 148 Activity 32: Design a game.................................................................................149 Unit 7: Social and environmental responsibility......................................................... 150 LESSON 7.1: The use of harmful substances in food production..................... 151 LESSON 7.1.1: Green technology trends in food production............................ 151 LESSON 7.1.2: The environment’s degradation............................................... 153 LESSON 7.1.3: The impact of depleted resources........................................... 158 Activity 33: The preservation of forests..............................................................158 LESSON 7.2: Dealing with environmental factors that cause ill health............. 159 LESSON 7.2.1: The effects of pollution on humans.......................................... 160 LESSON 7.2.2: How to deal with environmental factors that cause ill health in our personal space and immediate surroundings .............................. 162 LESSON 7.2.3: Safety and first aid skills – coping with disasters..................... 162
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Activity 34: Draw up a family emergency plan....................................................164 LESSON 7.2.4: Climate change........................................................................ 165 LESSON 7.3: Physical Education: Participation in movement performance for physical health........................................................................ 169 LESSON 7.3.1: Leadership skills review – Participation in programmes that promote umpiring and refereeing............................................................... 169 Activity 35: Evaluate your own skills...................................................................171 LESSON 7.3.2: Indoor games that promote teamwork and physical activity.... 172 LESSON 7.3.3: Indigenous games................................................................... 175 Activity 36: Indigenous Games Festival.............................................................177 Unit 8: Project: Participation in a community service project................................... 179 Unit 9: Healthy and balanced lifestyle choices........................................................... 180 LESSON 9.1: Requirements for a healthy and balanced lifestyle..................... 181 LESSON 9.1.1: Psychological/mental wellness................................................ 181 Activity 37: Mental wellness questionnaire.........................................................182 LESSON 9.1.2: Social wellness........................................................................ 183 Activity 38: Social wellness questionnaire..........................................................186 LESSON 9.1.3: Emotional wellness.................................................................. 188 Activity 39: Emotional wellness questionnaire....................................................188 LESSON 9.1.4: Environmental wellness........................................................... 190 Activity 40: Environmental wellness questionnaire.............................................191 LESSON 9.1.5: Spiritual wellness..................................................................... 192 Activity 41: Spiritual wellness questionnaire.......................................................193 LESSON 9.2: Risky behaviour and situations negatively affect lifestyle choices................................................................................................. 195 LESSON 9.2.1: How risky behaviour can affect your life.................................. 197 LESSON 9.2.2: The impact of risky behaviour on your development............... 199 Activity 42: How do you really feel?....................................................................201 Activity 43: Do I have an eating disorder?..........................................................204 LESSON 9.2.3: Barriers that prevent you from seeking advice, support and assistance......................................................................................................... 205 Unit 10: The socio-economic environment.................................................................. 207 LESSON 10.1: The impact of poverty............................................................... 208 LESSON 10.1.1: The impact of poverty on society........................................... 208 LESSON 10.1.2: The impact of poverty on education...................................... 208 LESSON 10.1.3: The impact of poverty on social behaviour............................ 209 LESSON 10.1.4: Impact of poverty on health................................................... 209 LESSON 10.1.5: Violence and crime as consequences of poverty ................. 209 LESSON 10.2: Factors that positively affect lifestyle choices............................211 LESSON 10.2.1: The importance of role models...............................................211 LESSON 10.2.2: Positive role models...............................................................211 Activity 44: Role models.....................................................................................214 LESSON 10.2.3: Taking responsibility for making informed decisions and choices....................................................................................................... 215
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LESSON 10.3: Physical Education: Participation in recreational activities that promote leadership skills............................................................. 216 LESSON 10.3.1: Team leadership.................................................................... 217 Activity 45: How effective are your leadership skills?.........................................219 LESSON 10.3.2: Team personalities................................................................. 220 Activity 46: Extroverts versus introverts.............................................................220 LESSON 10.3.3: Defining roles and responsibilities......................................... 222 LESSON 10.4: Physical Education: Develop a physical training programme in preparation for a hiking expedition............................................. 222 Activity 47: Leading a hiking team......................................................................229 LESSON 10.5: The role of nutrition in health and physical activities................ 230 Activity 48: Assessing my physical wellness......................................................231 LESSON 10.5.1: Healthy nutrition..................................................................... 232 Activity 49: Helping others achieve general wellness.........................................233 Unit 11: Careers and career choices............................................................................ 235 LESSON 11.1: How to apply for a job .............................................................. 236 LESSON 11.1.1: How to compile a CV............................................................. 236 LESSON 11.1.2: How to write an application letter or cover letter.................... 238 Activity 50: Applying for a part-time job..............................................................239 LESSON 11.1.3: How to complete a job application form................................. 240 LESSON 11.2: Interview skills........................................................................... 241 LESSON 11.2.1: Preparing for an interview...................................................... 242 LESSON 11.2.2: Typical job interview questions.............................................. 242 LESSON 11.2.3: Ethical behaviour................................................................... 245 Activity 51: What would you do?........................................................................247 LESSON 11.2.4: Personal expectations regarding jobs and careers................ 248 Activity 52: Match expectations and reality........................................................248 LESSON 11.3: Physical Education: Recreational and relaxation activities....... 249 LESSON 11.3.1: Deep breathing exercises...................................................... 249 Activity 53: Applying breathing and relaxation activities.....................................250 LESSON 11.3.2: Relaxation activities............................................................... 251 Activity 54: Progressive muscle relaxation activity.............................................252 Activity 55: Visual relaxation activity...................................................................253 Unit 12: Healthy and balanced lifestyle choices......................................................... 256 LESSON 12.1: Understanding the role of power in relationships..................... 257 LESSON 12.1.1: Types of power in relationships............................................. 257 Activity 56: Are my relationships healthy?..........................................................259 LESSON 12.1.2: Signs that you might be in a controlling and manipulative relationship .................................................................................. 260 LESSON 12.1.3: Gender roles and the influence it has on health and well-being.......................................................................................................... 261 Activity 57: Gender stereotyping in advertising.................................................262 LESSON 12.2: Unequal power relationships.................................................... 264 LESSON 12.2.1: The abuse of power............................................................... 264 LESSON 12.2.2: The impact of cultural beliefs and power on men and women........................................................................................................ 267
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Activity 58: Mourning practices...........................................................................269 LESSON 12.3: Physical Education: Participation in programmes that promote own umpiring, administrative and leadership skills........................................... 269 LESSON 12.3.1: Planning and organising games............................................ 269 LESSON 12.3.2: Practising administrative and organisational skills................ 271 Activity 59: Plan and organise a handball game................................................273 Unit 13: Democracy and human rights......................................................................... 274 LESSON 13.1: South Africa’s diverse religions and belief systems.................. 274 LESSON 13.2: Moral and spiritual issues and dilemmas.................................. 276 LESSON 13.2.1: Abortion................................................................................. 276 Activity 60: What would you do?........................................................................277 LESSON 13.2.2: Euthanasia............................................................................. 278 Activity 61: Research project: Religious beliefs and euthanasia........................280 LESSON 13.3: Cultural practices and traditions............................................... 281 LESSON 13.3.1: Economic issues.................................................................... 282 Activity 62: Faith, religion, and spirituality in our everyday lives.........................283 Activity 63: Should we give money to beggars? ................................................283 LESSON 13.3.2: Environmental issues............................................................ 284 Activity 64: Human behaviour towards the environment....................................288 LESSON 13.4: Physical Education review........................................................ 290 REFERENCES................................................................................................................. 291
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LESSON ELEMENTS Each unit consists of the following learning activities: • challenges • Life Orientation content • Physical Education • activities to solve the challenges • application and reflective activities As well as: • learning objectives • additional activities • definitions • enrichment activities (for the curious) • summaries • self-assessment activities Three weeks are given to complete each unit. ICONS
VERY IMPORTANT Following the above learning sequence implies that you need to engage in the activities and solving actions to accumulate the content, the self-insight and problem-solving abilities to be successful in this subject.
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INTRODUCTION Life Orientation is the study of the self in relation to others and to society. It addresses skills, knowledge and values about yourself, the environment, responsible citizenship, a healthy and productive lifestyle, social engagement, recreation and physical activities, and careers and career choices. This includes opportunities to engage in the development and practice of a variety of life skills to solve problems, make informed decisions, and take appropriate actions to live a meaningful and successful life in a rapidly changing society. It not only focuses on knowledge, but also emphasises the importance of the application of skills and values in real-life situations, and participation in physical activities, community organisations and initiatives. Life Orientation in the FET Phase aims to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
guide and prepare you to respond appropriately to life’s responsibilities and opportunities equip you to interact optimally on a personal, psychological, cognitive, motorphysical, moral, spiritual, cultural and socio-economic level guide you to make informed and responsible decisions about your own health and well-being, as well as the health and well-being of others expose you to your constitutional rights and responsibilities, to the rights of others, and to issues of diversity equip you with knowledge, skills and values to make informed decisions about subject choices, careers, additional and higher education opportunities, and the world of work expose you to various study methods and skills relating to assessment processes expose you to the value of regular participation in physical activities
Life Orientation in Grade 10 to 12 focuses on the following core themes: • • • • • •
Development of the self in society Social and environmental responsibility Democracy and human rights Careers and career choices Study skills Physical Education
The subject content and related assessment elements are based on the themes as outlined in the Curriculum and assessment Policy Statement (CAPS).
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Study Guide G11 ~ Life Orientation
ADDITIONAL RECOMMENDED READING
Sean Covey, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens (Source: goo.gl/Ty1C9d)
RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS The following resources are required to successfully complete this subject: • Impaq Life Orientation Study Guide • Impaq Life Orientation Facilitator’s Guide (used by the facilitator only) • Impaq Life Orientation portfolio tasks • Appropriate clothing, footgear and equipment to complete the physical exercises • A notebook in which to complete activities
TIME ALLOCATION Grade 11 is a very short year. Although CAPS makes provision for 10 weeks per term, the Department of Basic Education’s school calendar does not always correspond with this. Once you have completed a term’s work, it is recommended that you start immediately with the next term’s work. This will ensure that there is enough time for thorough study and revision.
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TIMETABLE AND TIME MANAGEMENT The diagram below represents a suggested framework for covering the content. Note that Physical Education continues throughout the term and the intensity increases to increase personal fitness.
STUDY TIPS AND METHODS Remember that studying should not be left until the night before a test or an exam. It is never too early to develop good study habits. Everyone is different, and for some learners studying and being motivated comes more naturally. But, just as athletes or soccer players have to practise and develop their skills, effective study skills must be practised for you to perform well. The sooner you understand and apply good study habits, the easier tests and exams will be and the better your chances of getting good marks. Here are some tips to help you make the most of your Life Orientation studies: • Although you can study anywhere, the place you choose to study should not have any distractions. • Time is your most valuable resource. If you struggle to find time to study, you should prioritise and set a timetable. • As you prepare for tests or exams, you should spend time reviewing your work. Start this process by revising the material while it is still fresh in your mind. If you wait too long, you may discover that the material does not make sense anymore. • Make sure you understand all the material. Do not try to memorise facts you do not understand.
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• • • • •
Test yourself by doing the self-assessment questions and activities. Use the learning outcomes as a guide. It is important to take regular breaks – working too hard can decrease your performance. Stay motivated. You can decorate your study space with inspirational quotes or photos of people you want to make proud of your hard work. Reward yourself. See unit 5 for more information.
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SUBJECT CONTENT AND PLANNING Lesson
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Content Term 1 Unit 1: Personal life goals Plan and achieve life goals 1.1.1 Plan and set SMART goals 1.1.2 Action plan Prioritising goals to solve problems 1.2.1 A seven-stage model for problem-solving and decision-making 1.2.2 The relationship between personal values, choices and goal setting Physical Education 1.3.1 Safety measures for physical fitness activities 1.3.2 Improve your physical fitness and health
Target date*
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Reflect and apply
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Unit 2: Relationships and their influence on your own well-being 2.1 How relationships influence your well-being 2.1.1 Qualities of healthy and unhealthy relationships 2.2 How social and cultural views influence relationships
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The impact of the media on values and beliefs about relationships 2.3.1 The effects of social media Reflect and apply Unit 3: Career and career choices 3.1 Influences on your career path decision 3.1.1 The latest trends in the job market 3.1.2 Understanding the South African National Qualifications Framework (NQF) 3.2 Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) 3.2.1 Types of TVET courses 3.2.2 Admission Point Score (APS) and National Benchmark Tests (NBT) 3.3 Options for financial assistance 3.3.1 Financial arrangement obligations 3.4 Physical Education: Participation in programmes that improve your personal level of physical fitness and health 3.4.1 Aerobic workout programme 3.4.2 Participation in games for physical fitness Reflect and apply
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Unit 4: Democracy and human rights 4.1 Principles, processes and procedures for democratic participation 4.1.1 How does one participate in parliament? 4.1.2 Public participation and the petition process 4.1.3 Governance 4.1.4 How laws are made 4.2 Democratic structures 4.2.1 National government 4.2.2 Provincial government 4.2.3 Local government 4.2.4 Local community structures 4.3 The role of sport in nation building 4.3.1 Participant and spectator behaviour in sport 4.3.2 Nation building through sport 4.4 Physical Education: Improvement of personal level of physical fitness and health 4.4.1 The power of walking 4.4.2 Resistance training Reflect and apply Term 2 Unit 5: Study skills and strategies 5.1 The application of study skills, study styles and study strategies 5.1.1 Learning styles 5.1.2 Strategies that suit your learning style 5.1.3 The SQ3R study method 5.2 Examination writing skills 5.2.1 Why do we write exams? 5.2.2 How to answer different exam questions 5.3 Time management skills and an annual study plan 5.3.1 How to make studying less stressful with maximum motivation 5.3.2 Time management skills 5.3.3 The dangers of procrastination Reflect and apply Unit 6: Administrative, organisational and leadership skills 6.1 Leadership 6.1.1 The qualities and skills of a good leader 6.1.2 The three basic leadership approaches 6.1.3 Coaching – Be a leader by teaching your peers 6.1.4 Organisational skills 6.2 Safety issues relating to participation in physical activities 6.2.1 Basic first aid
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Physical Education: Participation in community and playground or games 6.3.1 Different games 6.3.2 How to design a new game Reflect and apply Unit 7: Social and environmental responsibility 7.1 The use of harmful substances in food production 7.1.1 Green technology trends in food production 7.1.2 The degradation of the environment 7.1.3 The impact of depleted resources 7.2 Dealing with environmental factors that cause ill health 7.2.1 The effects of pollution on humans 7.2.2 How to deal with environmental factors that cause ill health in our personal space and immediate surroundings 7.2.3 Safety and first aid skills – Coping with disasters 7.2.4 Climate change 7.3 Physical Education: Participation in movement performance for physical health 7.3.1 Leadership skills review – Participation in programmes that promote umpiring and refereeing 7.3.2 Indoor games that promote teamwork and physical activity 7.3.3 Indigenous games Reflect and apply Unit 8: Project – Participation in a community service project Term 3 Unit 9: Healthy and balanced lifestyle choices 9.1 Requirements for a healthy and balanced lifestyle 9.1.1 Psychological/Mental wellness 9.1.2 Social wellness 9.1.3 Emotional wellness 9.1.4 Environmental wellness 9.1.5 Spiritual wellness 9.2 Risky behaviour and situations that negatively affect lifestyle choices 9.2.1 How risky behaviour can affect your life 9.2.2 The impact of risky behaviour on your development 9.2.3 Barriers that prevent you from seeking advice, support and assistance Reflect and apply
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