Consultanţă pentru verificarea Conceptului General de Dezvoltare Urbană (Masterplan) Timisoara (Romania) 2012..
www.immdesignlab.com
“Increasing evidence shows that urban performance is not based on maintaining existing roles, economic structures, and institutional status quo. Rather, it is based on adaptability. Almost all cities will be shocked, especially by external forces. The success of a city is largely determined by how it responds to shocks generated by rapid changes in its external and internal environments. This quality is known as resilience, and it will become even more important in future. Evidence indicates that performance turnarounds are frequently the result of a city’s having a clear strategy”. Guide to City Development Strategies: Improving Urban Performance.. The Cities Alliance.
This report shows our theoretical and methodological contribution to the Timisoara’s PUG team for defining an effective long term development strategy for the city, as intersection of the agents' strategies. Main goal of this integrated strategy is to promote competitiveness and social inclusion, whilst improving both the built and the natural environment, and while making the city more sustainable and livable.
“Cities have to build on their past to prepare the future.”
A Masterplan is comprehensive long-term strategy.
This consultation work applies a specific as well as an innovative approach based on a holistic methodology with the consideration of the city as a complex adaptive system. A method, based on methodology of complexity, for one whom deals with the sustainable neighborhood designs and urban transformations. The complex adaptive system is a specific type of complex system which incorporates the cities adaptation capacity. In this approach, urban morphology emerges through continuous modification of existing urban elements, as an adaptive response to the internal and external imposed constraints, over time. “urban form does not comprehend the urban shape statically, as a pure analysis of the status quo, but as a form of dynamic changes of urban system. The complex adaptive system is comprised of heterogeneous elements, linked together either directly or indirectly, and the final system performance emerges from all of the elements as a whole. The emergent patterns are more than the sum of their parts, thus the traditional reductionist methodology fails to describe how the macroscopic patterns emerge�.
METHODOLOGY
Every Complex System consists of many subsystems/Layers whilst each subsystem could be a CAS in and of itself. These members and subsystems adapt and modify themselves in order to respond to the newly imposed constraints and circumstances. The CAS experiences two different types of constraints, internal and external forces. ………. As mentioned, the adaptation of existing members in a subsystem, horizontal adaptation, as a response to the newly imposed conditions and constraints, changes the subsystem’s performance, which will be the cause of the entire system transformation, over time. Alteration of a bus line of the city to improve the transportation network efficiency is a horizontal adaptation, whilst the transportation network is considered a subsystem and a bus line is a member of it, for instance. Likewise to horizontal optimization, the vertical optimization is a specific kind of adaptation, where the members adapt themselves to optimize the performance of the entire complex system. The entire complex system will be transformed by the mentioned symbiotic adaptive behaviours between the elements and subsystems, modification and integration, over time
METHODOLOGY
METHODOLOGY
The scale of interventions, according to this complex system transformation methodology, is neither confined to a defined scale, nor to certain subsystems; however, the scale of classification, presented in the paper, is just a way to explicate the transformation process, based on the paper hypothesis. The methodology applied for this work is based on holistic, multi-layer and multi-scale approach:
Holistic Multi –layer Multi -scale
METHODOLOGY
SMART CITY SMART GREEN SMART MOBILITY
Urban Redefinition via Public Transport and Public Open Spaces
SUSTAINABLE CITY AND SUSTAINABLE NEIGHBOURHOOD Energy Consumption per sector
Energy Consumption per inhabitant
Sustainable City via Sustainable District Policy
Energy in Europe
CO2 Emission per sector
Energy in Romania
Benchmarking in gas consumption
Green active paths Prioritize rapid bus transit
Non-motorized & public mobility framework Use eco transportation Traffic management system Local production energy Mixed use development
Reduce CO2 emission
Park & ride network Energy saving potential Open spaces development Social interaction
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM
SINGLE LAYERS
LAYERS
TRANSPORTATION
VOLUME
FUNCTIONALITY
VOIDS
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM
SUPERIMPOSTION OF LAYERS
TRANSPORTATION
TRANSPORTATION + VOLUME
VOLUME
FUNCTIONALITY
VOLUME + FUNCTIONALITY
VOIDS
FUNCTIONALITY + VOIDS
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM
SUPERIMPOSTION OF LAYERS
TRANSPORTATION
TRANSPORTATION + VOLUME
VOLUME
FUNCTIONALITY
VOLUME + FUNCTIONALITY
TRANSPORTATION + VOLUME + FUNCTIONALITY + VOIDS
VOIDS
FUNCTIONALITY + VOIDS
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM
CO 2 EMISSION & ENERGY CONSUMPTION CO 2 EMISSION BY SECTOR PER YEAR IN TIMISOARA
ENERGY CONSUMPTION SECTOR PER YEAR IN TIMISOARA
1
ENERGY
1
RESIDENTIAL
2
RESIDENTIAL
2
ENERGY
3
TRANSPORT
3
TRANSPORT
4
INDUSTRY
4
INDUSTRY
5
WATER
5
INSTITUTIONAL
6
INSTITUTIONAL
6
WATER
7
WASTE
8
AGRICULTURE/GREEN
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM
CATALYZER AND REACTANT
1. TRANSPORTATION
2. VOIDS
3. FUNCTIONALITY
4. VOLUME
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM LAYER: TRANSPORTATION
PROPOSALS
PROPOSAL 1 – RING ROADS
PROPOSAL 2 – RING ROADS
FINAL PROPOSAL – RING ROADS
PROPOSAL 1 – WEIGHTED TRANSPORT
PROPOSAL 2 – WEIGHTED TRANSPORT
FINAL PROPOSAL – WEIGHTED TRANSPORT
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM LAYER: TRANSPORTATION
PROPOSALS
PROPOSAL 1 - CITY
PROPOSAL 2 - CITY
PROPOSAL 3 - CITY
PROPOSAL 1 - DISTRICT
PROPOSAL 2 - DISTRICT
PROPOSAL 3 - DISTRICT
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM LAYER: TRANSPORTATION SCALE: DISTRICT Section 8a / Piata Badea Cartan Market Area EXISTING SITUATION
Section 2/ Boulevardul Take Ionescu EXISTING SITUATION
TRAFFIC SECTIONS
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM LAYER: TRANSPORTATION SCALE: DISTRICT Section 8a / Piata Badea Cartan Market Area PROPOSED SITUATION
Section 2/ Boulevardul Take Ionescu PROPOSED SITUATION
TRAFFIC SECTIONS
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM LAYER: TRANSPORTATION
CO 2 EMISSION & ENERGY CONSUMPTION -
SUMMARY
CO 2 REDUCTION ESTIMATION FOR 2020 CITY = 93%
CITY TOTAL REDUCTION IN CO 2 EMISSIONS: SITE = 0,33%
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM LAYER: TRANSPORTATION
BICYCLE ROUTES
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PARAMETERS -
SUMMARY
CITY
SITE
2
2
Length cycle lane (km/km )
Length cycle lane (km/km )
EU
TM
SITE
EU
TM
SITE
1,15
0,15
14,09
1,15
2,81
14,09
Site strategy for 20% City area 20 times increase in bike lanes
19 km → 363 km
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM LAYER: TRANSPORTATION
GLOBAL
REGIONAL SCALE.
INTERMEDIATE URBAN SCALE.
MASTER PLAN
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM LAYER: TRANSPORTATION
MASTER PLAN
GLOBAL
REGIONAL SCALE.
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM LAYER: TRANSPORTATION
MASTER PLAN
INTERMEDIATE URBAN SCALE
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM LAYER : TRANSPORTATION SCALE: CITY
MASTER PLAN - MOVING GREEN
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM LAYER : TRANSPORTATION SCALE: CITY
MASTER PLAN - MOVING GREEN
ENVINRONMENT Green fingers for linking urban green network to the regional environment
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM LAYER : TRANSPORTATION SCALE: CITY
MASTER PLAN - MOVING GREEN
LOCAL
NEIGHBOURHOOD SCALE.
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM LAYER: TRANSPORTATION SCALE: DISTRICT
DEFINING DISTRICT ZONE
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM LAYER: TRANSPORTATION SCALE: DISTRICT
INTERCHANGE POINTS POINT 1 - SITE
TRANSPORT MODES 5mins - Walking - Cycling - Bus - Trolley bus - Tram - Boat TRANSPORT MODES 10min - Train
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM LAYER: TRANSPORTATION SCALE: DISTRICT
INTERCHANGE POINTS POINT 2 – TRAIN STATION ‘Gara Est’
TRANSPORT MODES 5mins - Walking - Cycling - Bus - Tram - Train TRANSPORT MODES >5mins - 1 Point - Trolley bus TRANSPORT MODES >10min - Boat
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM LAYER: TRANSPORTATION SCALE: DISTRICT
INTERCHANGE POINTS POINT 3 – EDGE OF FABRIC
TRANSPORT MODES 5mins - Walking - Cycling - Bus - Tram TRANSPORT MODES >10mins - 1 Point - Boat - Trolley TRANSPORT MODES >20mins - 1 Point - Train NOTE : The edge of fabric is not a landmark, Is there a possible better site?
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM LAYER: TRANSPORTATION SCALE: DISTRICT
INTERCHANGE POINTS POINT 4 – EDGE OF INNER CITY
TRANSPORT MODES 5mins - Walking - Cycling - Bus - Tram - Trolley TRANSPORT MODES >10mins - 3 Points - Train - Boat
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM LAYER: TRANSPORTATION SCALE: DISTRICT
INTERCHANGE POINTS POINT 5 – TRAFFIC JUNCTION
TRANSPORT MODES 5mins - Walking - Cycling - Bus - Tram - Trolley TRANSPORT MODES >10mins - 2 Points - Train - Boat TRANSPORT MODES >20mins - 2 Points
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM LAYER: TRANSPORTATION SCALE: DISTRICT
INTERCHANGE POINTS
POINT 6 – TRAFFIC JUNCTION WITH CARPARK AND GREEN AREA
TRANSPORT MODES 5mins - Walking - Cycling - Bus - Tram TRANSPORT MODES >10mins - 1 Point Trolley - Boat TRANSPORT MODES >20mins - 4 Points - Train
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM LAYER: TRANSPORTATION SCALE: DISTRICT
INTERCHANGE POINTS POINT 7 – TRAFFIC JUNCTION WITH GREEN AREA
TRANSPORT MODES 5mins - Walking - Cycling - Bus - Trolley TRANSPORT MODES >10mins - 2 Points - Train - Tram TRANSPORT MODES >20mins - 4 Points - Boat
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM LAYER: TRANSPORTATION SCALE: DISTRICT
INTERCHANGE POINTS REVIEW POINT 1 – SITE
TRANSPORT MODES 5mins - Walking - Cycling - Bus - Trolley TRANSPORT MODES >10mins - 2 Points - Train - Tram TRANSPORT MODES >20mins - 4 Points - Boat
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM LAYER: TRANSPORTATION SCALE: DISTRICT
INTERCHANGE POINTS WEIGHTED SUMMARY
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM LAYER: TRANSPORTATION SCALE: DISTRICT
DISTRICT HUBS & CONNECTIONS
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM
LAYER: FUNCTIONALITY SCALE: DISTRICT
EXISTING FUNCTIONS
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM LAYER: FUNCTION SCALE: DISTRICT
HUBS & MASTERPLAN
BUILDING PERFORMANCE
CITY PERFORMANCE Thermal Energy Before & After Scenario Institutional - Thermal energy consumption (kWh/year) No of buildings assessed Consumption per building (kWh/year) Consumption per building (MWh/year)
422.000.000,00 130 3.246.153,85 3.246,15
Consumption L'IBRIdo (MWh/year)
4414
Thermal energy use actual scenario (kWh/m2/year) Thermal energy use future scenario (kWh/m2/year) Thermal energy use LOW CO2 scenario (kWh/m2/year)
735,42 115,80 70,00
F
G
500
343
245
Heating (kWh/m2 year) C D E
173
70
117
B
85% reduction in energy consumption
511,1412
Area analysed (m2)
A
SUMMARY
5 Energy Classes Upgrade
130 institutional buildings 84% reduction in emission