16 nordic villages: forms, densities, qualities

16 NORDIC VILLAGES

Doing Things Differently : An atlas of best practices and opportunities for culturally acceptable and sustainable living environments in Nunavik • 2019-23 Funded by the Sentinel North program of Université Laval Canada First Research Excellence Fund

forms, densities, qualities

1

2

Ouje-Bougoumou

Chisasibi

Eeyou Istchee

5

3

Eeyou Istchee

6

Inukjuak Qatipiipuut Nunavik

9

Nunavik

10

13

Greenland

14

Uummannaq Greenland

Nunavik

Salluit CMH Nunavik

Kiruna

Nunavik

Resolute Bay Utopia Nunavut

12

Nuuk Center Greenland

15

Lapland

Inukjuak Illuqarviniq

8

11 Maniitsoq

Alaska

Kangiqsualujjuaq NH

7

Inukjuak LTLI

Kavalina

4

Nuuk Housing Greenland

16 Skolkovo Russia

Longyearbyen Svalbard

Urban North : Villages of the Circumpolar As part of the Doing Things Differently atlas, this collection of 16 illustrated one-pagers describes and compares the forms, densities and qualities of villages (or urban areas) from different parts of the Circumpolar. They are intended as a discussion tool among decision-makers, organizations and consultants interested in planning and design practices in Nunavik.

All examples are located above the 490N parallel. They have spatial features and qualities which may provide ideas for Nunavik.

They are often comparable in settlement size (area and population) and are inhabited by Indigenous populations for the majority.

While some examples are actual living environments, others are proposals (student projects). That said, the examples offer variety in built density, organizations and housing types.

e to g eth

r

vin g

d

co

ta ct w th e l ith

n

emerging

Offers views and physical access to the land or water.

an

promising

Built project ; not yet widespread or validated but shows promise.

Provides common areas where people can meet. li

Status

common

Built project ; widespread and tested throughout the years.

Characteristics and qualities

Representation

Distinctive features

Unbuilt student project ; includes innovative and emerging ideas.

a s o n ality

Proposes different housing choices or types of community space.

(2020)

+5000

permafrost

soil

Net residential density: number of dwellings per hectare, excluding ’’public’’ land uses.

Buildings sit on bedrock/rock outcrops.

or t&

f

bedrock

m ixity

co m

16

Existing number of residents + added residents in new development.

ati on

19 261 (2022)

dwellings/ha (net)

Soil Type

se

Uses

1364

Number of residents (year of reference).

Forms

Population and Density

Adapts to seasonal activities and offers flexible space.

o pti m

iz

Innovates with bioclimatic strategies, energy production, services or climatic comfort.

Refers to an identifying feature such as a form or a program ; a statement.

im

a gibility

Buildings sit on permafrost ; technical considerations to preserve the permafrost frozen.

49oN Buildings sit on other types of soil.

60oN 9

Services

70oN

utilidors

Water distributed or collected by utilidor ; infrastructure above the ground.

trucks

Water and fuel distributed door-to-door by truck, a few times a week.

aqueduct + sewage

Services distributed or collected by aqueduct and sewage pipes under the ground.

80oN

Nordic Village Forms This comparative look at village organizations highlights strenghts and constraints based on formal/spatial qualities of permeability (access), diversity (choices), and legibility (orientation). All samples are represented at the same scale.

Students projects available at: issuu.com/hlnq.linq/docs/imaginer-imagining • habiterlenordquebe.wixsite.com/ideas-for-kitiganik • innuassia-um.org/index

Villages

Projects

+ Strenghts and - Constraints

Champagne, G.-Salvail, Niget

Grid

+ Permeable street system encourages walking + Opportunities for densification + Near center : easy access to daily services

Kujjuuaq Nunavik

Kangiqsualujjuaq Ikaat Nunavik

- Model borrowed from the South - On the outskirts : less access to daily services - More streets (infrastructure cost, maintenance) - Repetitive building implementation patterns

B.-Cartier, Demeule, Gravel

Clusters

+ Land preservation + Shared space (central or in-between) + Fewer streets + Proximity to neighbors (solidarity) + Possibility of utilidors 7

2 Chisasibi Eeyou Itschee

Salluit CMH Nunavik

- Relatively isolated groupings - Difficult to implement on slopes

Linear/branches

Mailhot

+ Adapts to topography + Preservation of views, especially on hillsides + Possibility of utilidors + Climatic confort (wind protection)

16 Longyearbyen Svalbard

6

Inukjuak LTLI Nunavik

- Possible sprawl or impermeability - Buildings similarly oriented - Infrastructure challenges on slopes

C.-Gascon, Gagnon

Radial

+ Centrality, convergence: opportunities for encounters + Indigenous symbolism + Easy access to community facilities - Public services concentrated in single location - More difficult to implement on slopes

1 Ouje-Bougoumou Eeyou Itschee

Kitiganik LHAY Anishinaabe Aki

Organic

+ Flexible, shared outdoor space + Compactness + Climatic comfort (wind protection) + Fewer streets

15 Skolkovo Russia

9

Kivalina Alaska

- Less mixity (housing and services separated) - Possible negative perception of density - Less space for vehicles and storage

OujeBougoumou

1

1600

Eeyou Istchee

Cree community on the shores of Opemisca Lake

promising

797

1200

8

dwellings/ha (net)

(2021)

800

49°N

aqueduct + sewage

soil

• Founded in 1992.

• Masterplan resulting from collaborative process involving community and professionals, including Indigenous architect and planner Douglas Cardinal.

400

• Eagle-shaped plan (Cree symbol) • Underground distribution system (heat and hot water). Boilers fuelled by wood waste from local sawmill.

• Recieved 1995 UNESCO prize "We the people award: 50 communities" for sustainable development.

0m 0m

400

800

1200

community center

to g et

Aanischaautamikw Cree Cultural Institute

sidewalks on most streets

he

r

li

vi ng

but prevalence of car travel

parking spaces around the center

mainly used during Summer

la n

t

con

d

slope allowing for water drainage towards the lake

shaptuan: exterior gathering space (first construction of the village)

ac

t w ith th e

se

a s o n ality

f

im

za

co m

or t&

tio n

m ixity

o pti m

i

a gibility

Aanischaautamikw Cree Cultural Institute

Community Shaputuan

ᓱᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᑌᒫᑦᓭᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᖏᑦᑐᖅ Doing Things Differently : An atlas of creative ideas to plan, dwell and build sustainably in Nunavik. This research is funded by the Sentinel North program of Université Laval (Canada First Research Excellence Fund), 2019-2023.

Village center

Photo credits: (Left) https://cdnassets.hw.net/19/93/d43b0d0c434895479b7d5489585b/7f31e0c21ec049c991158caf57fe9ef4.jpg (Center) http://evoqarchitecture.com/pavillon-shaputuan-ouje-bougoumou/ (Right) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vomGK8G8dsc

1600

Chisasibi

2

1600

Eeyou Istchee

Cree community on the shore of La Grande river

promising

4985 (2021)

1200

8

dwellings/ha (net)

800

53°N

soil

aqueduct + sewage

• Masterplan developed for the relocation of Fort George village in 1980.

• Town planning taking Cree way of life into consideration. Clusters inspired by traditional camps on the land.

400

• Technical challenges (water supply and sewage).

• Nemaska (Eeyou Istchee) is another Cree example of cluster organization.

0m 0m

400

10 to 15 houses per cluster

he

r

li

vi ng

to g et

d la n

t

con

t w ith th e

se

a s o n ality

1200

informal paths connecting clusters

higher density than traditionnal camps

snow tends to accumulate in cul-de-sac

1600

possible grouping by families privacy challenge if tensions

security challenges: path maintenance and lighting small clusters

ac

800

potential for community activities, solidarity and ’’eyes on the street’’

f

im

za

co m

or t&

tio n

m ixity

o pti m

i

a gibility

Chisasibi village on the shore of la Grande River

Chisasibi clusters

ᓱᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᑌᒫᑦᓭᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᖏᑦᑐᖅ Doing Things Differently : An atlas of creative ideas to plan, dwell and build sustainably in Nunavik. This research is funded by the Sentinel North program of Université Laval (Canada First Research Excellence Fund), 2019-2023.

Similar clusters in Nemaska, Eeyou Istchee

Photo credits: (Left) Chisasibi Quebec Information : https://www.mandow.ca/chisasibi.htm (Center) Ettenger, C (2004) A “New Relationship” Between Anthropologists and Crees of Quebec Part One: The Challenge”, in High Plains Applied Anthropologist 1 (24): 77-92.

(Right) Marie-Pierre McDonald, 2022.

Kangiqsualujjuaq 1600

3

Nunavik

Nurturing Hamlet Student project centering on food security

1200

Towards village center

1082 (2022)

emerging

+40

16

dwellings/ha (net)

800

58°N

permafrost

utilidors

• Located East of Kangiqsualujjuaq, near recent developement and Nunavik Parks building.

• Based on the idea of work-live community: on-site job opportunities for residents.

400

• Aims to reinforce the local food network and increase food security. Includes infrastructure for food production.

• Diversity of housing types: detached houses, duplex, apartments and elders residence.

0m 0m

800

hunting, fishing and traveling equipement rental

elders residence + common house with shared spaces

e

r

li

vi ng

400

to g et h

1600

utilidors under decks

food production: greenhouse, henhouse, community freezer

la n

t

con

d

towards the land

1200

ac

t w ith th e

se

a s o n ality

f

za

co m

or t&

tio n

m ixity

o pti m

i

towards the village

im

a gibility

Shared food production/transformation facilities near houses

Design: S. Arguin-Marchand, D. Pichette, F. Gagnon, A. Présumé (2020)

New houses connected to the land

ᓱᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᑌᒫᑦᓭᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᖏᑦᑐᖅ Doing Things Differently : An atlas of creative ideas to plan, dwell and build sustainably in Nunavik. This research is funded by the Sentinel North program of Université Laval (Canada First Research Excellence Fund), 2019-2023.

Photo credits: Symbiose territoriale (à Kangiqsualujjuaq), ARC-6039 Projets de design urbain (2020) Sandrine Arguin-Marchand, Dominique Pichette, Florence Gagnon, Anthony Présumé

Inukjuak

4

1600

Nunavik

Illuqarviniq Student project imagining the future expansion of Inukjuak

1824 (2023)

emerging

+1500

1200

19

dwellings/ha (net)

800

58°N

bedrock

utilidors

• Proposed residential development connected to existing village center (new bridge).

• Located on East shore of Innuksuak river (former camps area) to maintain relationship to water and land (instead of expanding towards West).

400

• Housing “branches” perpendicular to the water to maximise views and access while preserving the land.

• Non-continuous and “porous” branches with shared decks for activities and solidarity among neighbors.

0m 0m

400

utilidors hidden under decks

e

orientation allowing optimal sunlight and ventilation

1200

1600

less streets (and gravel)

r

li

vi ng

800

to g et h

shared parking shared exterior wood decks

water delivery

la n

t

con

d

water evacuation

ac

t w ith th e

se

a s o n ality

f

im

za

co m

or t&

tio n

m ixity

o pti m

i

a gibility

Preserving the land

Design: M. Avarello, M. Garneau-Charbonneau, G. Larouche, È. Renaud-Roy (2015)

Maintaining access to the river

ᓱᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᑌᒫᑦᓭᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᖏᑦᑐᖅ Doing Things Differently : An atlas of creative ideas to plan, dwell and build sustainably in Nunavik. This research is funded by the Sentinel North program of Université Laval (Canada First Research Excellence Fund), 2019-2023.

Village extension relating to existing center

Photo credits: https://issuu.com/hlnq.linq/docs/imaginer-imagining, pp. 230-233.

Inukjuak

5

1600

Nunavik

Qatigiipuut Student project proposing riverfront clusters

1 757 (2016)

emerging

+80

1200

16

dwellings/ha (net)

800

64°N

permafrost

utilidors

• Small clusters on vacant lots provide alternative to social housing in village center and elsewhere.

• Based on co-living and autonomy principles.

400

• Inspired by traditional ways of gathering on the land (camps with shared space).

• Contributes to community living while respecting privacy (for families and individuals).

0m 0m

1200

1600

shared outdoor space with views of the river

e

r

to g et h

800

la n

t

con

d

li

vi ng

400

ac

t w ith th e

se

a s o n ality

community workshop with storage

f

za

co m

or t&

tio n

m ixity

o pti m

i

close connection to land and water

Using gravity to distribute and collect (utilidors)

im

a gibility

Co-living environment

ᓱᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᑌᒫᑦᓭᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᖏᑦᑐᖅ Doing Things Differently : An atlas of creative ideas to plan, dwell and build sustainably in Nunavik. This research is funded by the Sentinel North program of Université Laval (Canada First Research Excellence Fund), 2019-2023.

Design: M-J. Allaire-Côté (2017)

Unobstructed views of the water

Photo credits: https://issuu.com/hlnq.linq/docs/imaginer-imagining, pp. 42-44.

Inukjuak

6

1600

Nunavik

7th Season: Letting the Land In Student project for housing attuned to land and seasons 1 821 (2021)

emerging

+191

1200

11

dwellings/ha (net)

800

58°N

bedrock

utilidors

• New dwelling type features large enclosed porch inspired by Inuit kayak construction.

400

• Houses made of recyclable materials rise above platforms to minimize impact on the land.

• In warm weather, porches open up to increase living space. It also provides a sheltered connection to the land and an insulating ‘‘buffer’’ for the living spaces during the harsh Winter.

0m 0m

400

800

adapts to topography

e

r

li

vi ng

to g et h

preserved land for activities

1200

1600

connection to the street (shared parking)

la n

t

con

d

utilidors and storage underneath platforms and walkways

ac

t w ith th e

se

a s o n ality

f

im

za

co m

or t&

tio n

m ixity

o pti m

i

shared platforms

a gibility

Hillside site with views of the river

Design: M. Mailhot (2017)

Groupings and platforms contribute to land preservation

ᓱᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᑌᒫᑦᓭᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᖏᑦᑐᖅ Doing Things Differently : An atlas of creative ideas to plan, dwell and build sustainably in Nunavik. This research is funded by the Sentinel North program of Université Laval (Canada First Research Excellence Fund), 2019-2023.

Shared platforms for family and traditional activities

Photo credits: (Left) https://mobile-img.lpcdn.ca/lpca/924x/r3996/e7b56e68-e995-11ea-b8ad-02fe89184577.jpg https://issuu.com/hlnq.linq/docs/imaginer-imagining, pp. 34-37.

Salluit

7

1600

Nunavik

Colored Mountain Houses Student project imagining hillside housing

emerging

1483 (2016)

1200

20

dwellings/ha (net)

800

62°N

bedrock

utilidors

• Houses built on rocky hillside foster close relationship with the land and among neighbours.

• Houses colors and orientations enhance sense of place.

400

• Houses arranged in pairs with flexible, temperate shared space in between to create livable thresholds.

• Self-construction techniques and passive systems like earthen walls and utilidors.

0m 0m

400

community facility and shared parking

1600

flexible shared spaces / porches

connected wooden walkway

e

r

to g et h

1200

la n

t

con

d

li

vi ng

utilidor under platform

800

ac

t w ith th e

se

a s o n ality

f

80

za

co m

or t&

tio n

m ixity

o pti m

i

60 40 20

im

a gibility

Walkway with utilidors underneath

ᓱᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᑌᒫᑦᓭᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᖏᑦᑐᖅ Doing Things Differently : An atlas of creative ideas to plan, dwell and build sustainably in Nunavik. This research is funded by the Sentinel North program of Université Laval (Canada First Research Excellence Fund), 2019-2023.

earthen walls (local ressource)

0m

oriented views Hillside neighborhood

Design: A. Boulanger Cartier, P-O. Demeule, M-C. Gravel (2016)

Temperate ’’in-between’’ space for activities

Photo credits: https://issuu.com/hlnq.linq/docs/imaginer-imagining, pp. 48-51.

8

Resolute Bay Illuqarviniq Nunavut, Canada

1600

Inukjuak, Nunavik

Utopian project never completed

emerging

1000 to 1200 (Estimation)

1200

8 to10

dwellings/ha(net)

800

74°N

soil

Unknown

• Architect Ralph Erskine commissioned in 1973 by Canadian government to design a new town at Resolute Bay. • Experiment in social and physical planning, aiming for the participation of local Inuit.

400

• Castle-like plan, with walls to protect against wind and snow, surrounding a relatively dense village.

• Intent on facilitating cohabitation between non-native researchers and Inuit, with new types of housing and large community buildings

0m 0m

liv ing er to geth

400

800

1200

disconnected from context: getting further from the water than the existing village

wind protection cutting access and views to the land

1600

n co

nd

“living wall” : housing for non-Indigenous researchers around Inuit housing

tac a t with thel

sea sonality

co m

ati on

mixity

for t & o ptimiz

250 200

150 100

im a ility gib

50

0

Erskine sketch of Resolute Bay project

Erskine sketch of weather and sun’s impact

The only building eventually constructed in Resolute Bay

ᓱᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᑌᒫᑦᓭᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᖏᑦᑐᖅ Doing Things Differently : An atlas of creative ideas to plan, dwell and build sustainably in Nunavik. This research is funded by the Sentinel North program of Université Laval (Canada First Research Excellence Fund), 2019-2023.

Actual plan of Resolute Bay (2023)

Photo credits: http://www.grahamfoundation.org/grantees/5153-post-occupancy-report-ralph-erskine-sexperimental-arctic-town

Kivalina

9

Alaska, United States Relocating Inuit village threatened by erosion and floods

emerging

67°N

450

2,8

(2022)

dwellings/ha (net)

artificial

aqueduct + sewage

• Project adopted by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers without consulting Inuit community.

• Gradual relocation of existing village towards new island : elevated embankment built to resist ccoastal erosion and floods.

• New evacuation route enabling villagers to take refuge on the mainland (to the North) in the event of storms and ocean surges.

e

r

li

vi ng

to g et h

flexible outdoor space for traditional activities

road connecting to original village and the land

organic settlement form reprising that of existing village

la n

t

con

d

relatively low variety of house types

community services separated from housing

ac

t w ith th e

se

a s o n ality

f

im

za

co m

or t&

tio n

m ixity

o pti m

i

a gibility

Existing village to be gradually relocated

First phase of new embankment

ᓱᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᑌᒫᑦᓭᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᖏᑦᑐᖅ Doing Things Differently : An atlas of creative ideas to plan, dwell and build sustainably in Nunavik. This research is funded by the Sentinel North program of Université Laval (Canada First Research Excellence Fund), 2019-2023.

Evolution following the village’s needs

Final phase

Photo credits: (Left) https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/apr/12/us-indigenous-communities-46m-global-heating (Evolution) Development stages: https://relocaliser-kivalina.wixsite.com/website, from Harvey, N, Smith, PE (2008) Draft, Kivalina, Retreat and Adaptation. Transportation & Public Facilities Alaska.

Maniitsoq

10

1600

Greenland

Ancient fishing village with strong visual identity

common

2 534

+ 43 dogs (2020)

1200

7

dwellings/ha (net)

800

65°N

bedrock

trucks + aqueduct + sewage

• Established in 1735 and formerly known as Sukkertoppen, Maniitsoq is the 6th largest island town in Greenland.

400

• The surrounding area has been settled for more than 4,000 years, according to archeological findings.

• Known as the City of whales, it was once a hub for whale hunting and deer fur trading.

The town is now primarily a fishing village.

0m 0m

Many common areas and places to meet around town : youth center, churches, village hall, sports facilities, museum, outdoor sports facilities and more...

e

r

ng

t o g e th

use of topography, a view for everyone

800

1200

1600

stairs, platforms and terraces take part in the cultural landscape

dwellings are varied (especially in new developments) and form compact settlement

ac

t w ith th e

se

a s o n a lity

la

t

c on

nd

li

vi

400

m i x ity 80

ti o n

fo

rt

za

co m

60

& o p ti m

i

40

sewers or sewage tanks (according to sectors)

20

im

a gi bility

Houses enjoy strong connection to fishing port

0m

‘‘ The unique, challenging and uneven topography is just one the town’s characteristic features, which attract more and more tourists. ’’ (Qeqqata Kommunia, 2018) Stairs and walkways to houses

ᓱᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᑌᒫᑦᓭᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᖏᑦᑐᖅ Doing Things Differently : An atlas of creative ideas to plan, dwell and build sustainably in Nunavik. This research is funded by the Sentinel North program of Université Laval (Canada First Research Excellence Fund), 2019-2023.

Fishing village

Photo credits: (Left) skigreenlandpowder.com/packages/ (Center) katinkaskovgaard.blogspot (Right) 70nvisjonsrapport

Nuuk

11

1600

Greenland Siorarsiorfik center: Masterplan for new development

19 261 (2022)

emerging

+5000

1200

25

dwellings/ha (net)

800

64°N

bedrock

utilidors

• Project for new neighborhood, Southeast of Greenlandic capital.

• Diversity of housing types. Provides 1200 new dwellings in response to significant population increase in last decades.

400

• Compact urban center with shops, services and housing, near the shore.

• Dwellings positioned to create communal outdoor spaces between houses.

• Network of platforms to get around while preserving the land.

0m 0m

400

800

pedestrian platforms

r

e

access to water

to g et h

dwellings oriented towards the water

variety of dwelling choices

new neighborhood center with higher density, including shops and services

la n

t

con

pathway along the shore

d

li

vi ng

1200

ac

t w ith th e

se

a s o n ality

f

im

za

co m

or t&

tio n

m ixity

o pti m

i

a gibility

New neighborhood center with access to water

Pedestrian walkways along the shore

ᓱᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᑌᒫᑦᓭᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᖏᑦᑐᖅ Doing Things Differently : An atlas of creative ideas to plan, dwell and build sustainably in Nunavik. This research is funded by the Sentinel North program of Université Laval (Canada First Research Excellence Fund), 2019-2023.

New housing accessed by platforms

Photo credits: https://nordicarch.com/project/nuuk-city-development

1600

Nuuk

12

1600

Greenland Siorarsiorfik housing development:

1200

19 261 (2022)

emerging

+5000

25

dwellings/ha (net)

800

64°N

bedrock

utilidors

• Masterplan for Nuuk expansion, growing capital of Greenland.

400

• Focuses on sustainability by emphasizing qualities of landscape and land.

• Housing South of the new center, school, kindergarten as well as a variety of commercial and community buildings.

0m 0m

800

1200

1600

e

r

to g et h

la n

t

con

d

li

vi ng

400

ac

t w ith th e

se

a s o n ality

f

im

za

co m

or t&

tio n

m ixity

o pti m

i

a gibility

Future housing development

Dwelling types and levels of privacy Private

Semi-private

Semi-public

Public

Proposed streetscape

ᓱᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᑌᒫᑦᓭᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᖏᑦᑐᖅ Doing Things Differently : An atlas of creative ideas to plan, dwell and build sustainably in Nunavik. This research is funded by the Sentinel North program of Université Laval (Canada First Research Excellence Fund), 2019-2023.

Shared common space between residential buildings

Photo credits: https://www.arctictoday.com/a-strategy-to-double-nuuks-population-begins-with-a-new-housing-district/.

Uummannaq

13

1600

Greenland

Island city with colorful cliff houses

common

1364 (2020)

1200

11

dwellings/ha (net)

800

70°N

bedrock

utilidors

• Island developed in late 18th century around fishing and hunting economy. The port is located in the heart of the village.

• « Spontaneous » settlement form thought in terms of views and relation to topography.

400

• Houses and paths adapted to abrupt topography and rugged environment.

0m 0m

400

800

roads following the topography

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concrete foundations on rock

1600

houses oriented towards the water: each house benefits from almost unobstructed views

wood decks and walkways to get around

utilidors above rock + burried under streets

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1200

ac

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a s o n ality

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a gibility

Houses accessed by platforms and walkways

Connection to land and sea

ᓱᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᑌᒫᑦᓭᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᖏᑦᑐᖅ Doing Things Differently : An atlas of creative ideas to plan, dwell and build sustainably in Nunavik. This research is funded by the Sentinel North program of Université Laval (Canada First Research Excellence Fund), 2019-2023.

Houses unaligned to maintain views

Photo credits: (Left) https://visitgreenland.com/da/nordgroenland/ (Center) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic#/media/File:Salliaruseq-uummannaq-aerial.jpg (Right) https://mudskippermusings.co.uk/uummannaq-greenland-a-month-in-the-arctic

14

Kiruna

1600

Lapland, Sweden Mining town "on the move "

promising

23 000 (2023)

1200

50

dwellings/ha(net)

800

67°N

soil

aqueduct + sewage

• Town relocated due to expanding mining activities, which dug diagonally under the town, creating major instability • The mine is at the heart of the local economy, employing more than 1 in 10 workers

2015 400

• Redevelopment process involving residents, anthropologists among others • Members of 8 Sámi communities living in Kiruna • Urban area will shrink from 8.2 to 4.1 km by 2033.

• New area with denser center bordered by linear green space

2035

0m 0m

400

2075

2100

800

1200

1600

high density housing

linear park

l

ivi ng t ether og nature park mixed uses :

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and apartments above

tac a t with thel

sea so nality

mixity

360

co m

ati on

270 180

fo rt & timiz op

central public space 90

tower : visual landmark

0m

green space inside residential blocks

im a ility gib Kiruna in 2023

2100

Neighborhood llife

Linear park

Mine

ᓱᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᑌᒫᑦᓭᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᖏᑦᑐᖅ Doing Things Differently : An atlas of creative ideas to plan, dwell and build sustainably in Nunavik. This research is funded by the Sentinel North program of Université Laval (Canada First Research Excellence Fund), 2019-2023.

Visuals credits : White Arkitekter, Ghilardi + Hellsten, Tegmark https://worldlandscapearchitect.com/relocating-entire-swedish-city-white-arkitekter/?v=3e8d115eb4b3 https://whitearkitekter.com/project/kiruna-masterplan/

Skolkovo

15

1600

Russia

Penguin-inspired housing district for Innovation Center employees

promising

374 (2019)

1200

26

dwellings/ha (net)

800

55°N

soil

aqueduct + sewage

• Residential area of approximately 100 dwellings at the heart of Skolkovo Innovation Center.

• Masterplan inspired by penguin behaviour in cold climate : huddling in highly packed groups to expose only their backs to the cold wind in order to limit heat loss.

400

• Dwellings organized in small groups of 8 to 10 units in close proximity.

• Relatively high density 0m 0m

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compactness to preserve heat (+5°C in Winter)

800

central community building

1200

houses with various orientations to reduce wind corridors

1600

disconnected from context

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400

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a gibility

Inspiration: penguin huddling against the cold

Houses forming a climate-controlled environment

ᓱᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᑌᒫᑦᓭᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᖏᑦᑐᖅ Doing Things Differently : An atlas of creative ideas to plan, dwell and build sustainably in Nunavik. This research is funded by the Sentinel North program of Université Laval (Canada First Research Excellence Fund), 2019-2023.

Community center

Photo credits: https://www.bechuetassocies.com/en/projet/skolkovo-innovation-center-district-11

Longyearbyen

16

1600

Svalbard, Norway

Hillside prefab housing units on piles to resist avalanche risk

promising

2 417 (2020)

1200

25

dwellings/ha (net)

800

78°N

permafrost

aqueduct + sewage

• Founded in 1906 and mainly developed by coal mining company.

• Largest town in the Svalbard archipelago and world’s northernmost permanent settlement.

400

• Buildings traditionally sat on permafrost, but construction threatened by rapidly rising temperature of the Arctic.

• New project welcomes relocated residents in risk zones.

• Prefab and installed on steel piles driven through permafrost 10 to 15 meters into the bedrock.

0m 0m

400

800

1200

1600

wind shelther grouping enveloppe optimization

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roads following the topography

retaining wall

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steel piles (against risk of avalanche)

im

utilidors

a gibility

Northernmost mining town

Steel frame and piles

ᓱᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᑌᒫᑦᓭᓇᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᖏᑦᑐᖅ Doing Things Differently : An atlas of creative ideas to plan, dwell and build sustainably in Nunavik. This research is funded by the Sentinel North program of Université Laval (Canada First Research Excellence Fund), 2019-2023.

Compact and linear implementation blocks winds

Photo credits: (Left) https://polarbearsinternational.org/news-media/articles/svalbard-norway-climate-action-outreach (Center) https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20200301-rebuilding-the-worlds-northernmost-town (Right) https://group.skanska.com/media/articles/in-a-changing-arctic-adapting-buildings-and-ways-of-life/