Technologies Part C: Detail Study by hirra2003

Architectural Design Position

“The Story of a Refugee“ is located in Attercliffe, Sheffield a historically significant industrial area, with a notable presence of diverse ethnic minorities. This project attempts to educate the public about the experience that refugees undergo in the search of a welcoming place of refuge. Therefore this design is meant to provide visual and aesthetic representation of cultural differences whilst simultaneously fostering a sense of unity and understanding within the community.

Ateliers/Personal Position (&rchitecture)

“Material First, Design Second“ Addressing the 100 million tonnes of building waste created each year. Therefore I am focusing on the disassembly and reuse of my design, tackling the issue at its root. This will allow me to ensure a increased life span of the materials used as well as promoting sustainability by minimising resource consumption. I aim to contribute to a circular economy where materials are valued and utilised efficiently.

Purpose Of Technical Detail Study

In this study, aim to optimise the thermal performance and user experience of my building, while also considering its long-term sustainability and adaptability through design for disassembly and material reuse.

Key Drivers

Visual light transmittance: Clarity of vision and light penetration through Shading device.

Solar heat gain: Absorption of solar radiation.

Fragment

I’ve chosen to take my fragment from the west-facing side of the building as it allows me to directly test and evaluate how well the device mitigates solar heat gain and glare. Contributing valuable insights to its performance and overall energy efficiency.

Design for disassembly: Component based construction foe reuse. Climate Performance Tools Initial Design (Materials)

Reclaimed Brick

The use of reclaimed brick reflects our atelier’s principle of “Material First, Design Second” by emphasising the importance of material selection based on its inherent qualities and sustainability. In addition to that, it reduces construction waste by extending the lifespan of the bricks collected from the site. However, the reclaiming process is very labour intensive and might not be feasible

Hardwood Floor Finish A hardwood

Thermal Rockwool Insulation

Rockwool insulation is used for ( also for exposed ground-floor) due to its excellent thermal and acoustic properties, preventing thermal bridging and allowing sound absorption. Additionally, its non-combustible adding a fire safety measure.

PIR Rigid Board Insulation

Extra insulation to the ground floor (due to the ground floor being permeable), PIR was selected for its thermal performance, moisture and fire resistance,

Corten Steel Shading Device

The implementation of a shading device that doubles as an acoustic buffer in the public square was driven by a need to mitigate both solar heat gain and ambient noise pollution. Corten steel has the ability to withstand outdoor conditions while offering acoustic attenuation properties, ensuring long-term functionality and aesthetic coherence with the reclaimed brick.

The Details show the main two systems show that my main focus was to design for disassembly. Non of the singular parts are welded and are de constructable by removing screws and bolts. This way can comply

The production of Corten steel is essential due to its specific chemical composition, primarily comprising iron with added elements such as copper, nickel, chromium, and phosphorus. These alloys enhance Corten’s corrosion resistance, critical for applications exposed to harsh environmental conditions.

Corten steel undergoes a natural weathering process over a period of time, where the colour changes matures form a strong orange to a dark grey. This process can be delayed or prevented by applying protective coatings or sealants. These barriers, shielding the steel from exposure to moisture and oxygen, preventing maintaining its original appearance for a longer.

Corten steel undergoes initial oxidation, initiating the formation of a protective layer of iron oxide on its surface. Pick quality ore, carbon for production.

2 MONTH Development of the oxide layer on corten steel progresses, improving its resistance to corrosion and its reddish-brown hue.

6 MONTH Corten steel’s surface oxidation reaches a stabilised state, providing effective protection against further corrosion its.

and

Constructability 2 Process Weathering Process of Croten Steel Production Sequence Brick Soffit Detail Structural Beam Steel Board Steel Bracket Steel L Plate Brick Adhesive Brick Slip 1 1 2 Shading Device Connection Detail

Layers of Corten Steel

MONTH

Heat, melt ore; separate impurities; form pig iron. Mix copper, nickel, chromium for Corten’s properties. Pour, cool, solidify steel into manageable ingots. Shape, refine, treat Corten for desired characteristics.

Precision cut Corten steel, creating desired patterns.

uniform layer

iron oxide

resistance to atmospheric conditions.

YEARS A fully developed patina, a

that enhances its durability

YEARS Corten steel’s weathering process continues gradually, while maintaining its protective properties. Oxidation Initiation Raw Material Selection Smelting Iron Ore Adding Alloys Forming Steel Ingots Rolling and Finishing Laser-cutting Rust Development Patina Establishment Patina Establishment Patina Maturation

floor finish was chosen for its sustainability and potential for reuse, aligning with my ateliers position. The durability of the hardwood flooring extends the lifespan of the material, reducing the need for frequent replacement and minimising environmental impact. Timber sequesters carbon by preserving the wood, which helps mitigate carbon emissions Corrugated Sheet & in situ Concrete A thin layer of concrete is poured onto the corrugated steel sheet, creating a flat and even surface to apply floor finishes on. The corrugated sheet provides rigidity, preventing warping or bending under the weight of the concrete. Acoustic Insulation Strips Acoustic isolation strips are used to prevent the transfer of sound vibrations between floors. They are installed on top of Steel Beams, to absorb and dampen vibrations, reducing noise transmission. Suspended Ceiling System A suspended ceiling system creates a cavity that improves thermal performance by providing additional insulation against heat transfer. In addition to that acoustic performance is enhanced by creating a buffer space between the ground floor and the ceiling, which helps to reduce sound transmission. IG Boss System (see Constructability) This system is used to achieve the aesthetic appearance of a traditional brick ceiling or soffit without the weight and structural challenges associated with full-sized bricks, as brick slips are installed using a adhesive. Foldable Façade Gates These gates are motorised and used to provide access to the ground-floor area, which can then be used as a eventspace. The same pattern is used to carry on a seamless facade aesthetic. As the gate folds upwards, it can also be used as a shading device during the summer season. ` Sustainable Communities & Social Values The pattern design of the facade represents many cultures and heritages around the world. Thus adding to the diversity of the local community and contributing to the social values and believes of residents. Building Waste Management BREEAM encourages the use of reclaimed materials as part of sustainable building practices. By incorporating reclaimed materials aim to minimise waste generation and support the circular economy. Energy Efficiency In accordance with BREEAM guidelines, effective shading plays a crucial role in enhancing energy efficiency by minimising solar heat gain and reducing the need for mechanical cooling systems. Good Health & Well-Being Facade testing considers visual light transmittance and visual disturbance as a significant factor. As it natural light and visual connections to the outside improve heath and well being. Acoustic Underlay Acoustic underlay is used to reduce impact noise and airborne sound transmission, it is installed beneath the hardwood flooring finish. CNC Machine A CNC machine is used to create the perforated Corten steel facade panels with precision and consistency due to the intricacy of the panel. This ensures that the design is accurately executed, meeting aesthetic standards while maintaining stability. N Analysed Fragment Spider Crane A spider crane is used to lift and position the shading device panels, which are then bolted in place by construction workers. This allows safety and efficiency on-site, enabling controlled movement of the panels into their designated locations, as they would be too heavy to be moved manually. Flatbed Truck A flatbed truck is used as it eases the loading and unloading of the shading devices as well as allowing workers to efficiently manoeuvre the screens onto and off the truck bed. In addition to that the level platform of the truck ensures that the panels remain secure and stable throughout the journey. Cement Mixer A cement mixer is utilised to streamline the mixing and transportation of concrete on construction sites. Its rotating drum efficiently blends cement, aggregate, and water to produce a consistent mixture. Due to the steel structure, poured concrete is needed to level out each floor using corrugated steel as a base. Oxide Layer Provides structural strength and forms the core material of the composition When reclaiming structural steel, it’s important to assess the material’s integrity thoroughly, as it may have undergone previous stress or corrosion, potentially compromising its structural strength. Risks include hidden defects, inconsistencies in quality, and compatibility issues with existing structural components. Additionally, environmental contaminants such as lead-based paint or asbestos insulation could be present, requiring proper handling and remediation procedures to ensure worker safety and environmental protection. Perforations in the cladding can provide pathways for flames and heat to spread rapidly through the facade and up the building. The presence of The load from the perforated steel cladding transfers to the main structure through structural connections, ensuring stability and distributing forces evenly to support the facade’s weight and resist external pressures, such as wind loads or seismic forces Base Layer Protective barrier against corrosion while imparting its distinctive rusty appearance Substrate Layer Facilitates chemical reactions that lead to the formation of the protective patina, enhancing corten steel’s resistance to further corrosion. Reflected by Shading device Reflected by Glass Coating Ventilation Hot Air Escapes Thermal Mass Heat Gain/Release Heatloss Direct Sunlight Load Path Reclaimed Structural Steel Fire Spread Acoustic Buffer RIBA Sustainable Outcome BREEAM Certification

to the &rchitectures design principle of ‘Material First, Design Second’. The Shading Device Detail, however, shows that although this idea is practical, the execution needs reconsidering. Whereas the Brick Soffit System, seems to work realistically, showing each component as it interfaces. Heat Reflection Reflected Direct Transmittance Re-direct inwards Re-direct outwards Warm Edge Spacer Low E Coating A warm edge spacer is used in windows to reduce heat transfer and condensation by providing a thermally efficient barrier between the glass panes. As the ground foor of this project is exposed, there is a need for additional insulation to prevent thermal bridging. The steel floor joists might become a heat transfer point leading to heat loss. Thus, by wrapping them fully in insulation helps mitigate these effects. Additionally, the thermal mass helps store heat. A low-e (low emissivity) coating is applied to windows to minimise heat transfer and UV radiation, improving energy efficiency and reducing glare while maintaining comfortable indoor temperature 1 2 3 4 5 6 Primary Structure Brick Wall Shading Fixing Shading Device perforations could compromise the structural integrity of the cladding, leading to collapse or failure during a fire. Therefore it is important to choose materials with fire resistant and retardant characteristics such as corten steel. Integrating fire blocks or fire stopping materials within the envelope system can limit the horizontal and vertical spread of fire. By installing fire blocks at regular intervals, potential pathways for flames and heat can be interrupted, enhancing the fire resistance. Technologies Position Hirra Masood 21308588 &rchitecture BA3 Technologies | Part C | Technologies Detail Study

TEST 2 Daylight Analysis Methodology

Criteria sDA300,50% is achieved for at least 55% of regularly

occupied space in accordance with WELL certification requirements. (REFERENCE)

Hypothesis expect Iteration 4 to be performing the best, as it has the highest free area %.

TEST 3 Shadows (Aesthetic Considerations)

Criteria: Evaluating the internal effects of the perforated screen, focusing on its capacity to minimise shadows and visual disturbance while maintaining visual clarity. Hypothesis If the pattern size is increased, visual disturbance will increase.

cycle.

The original facade consists of a simple reclaimed brick finish with no shading device. aim to test whether a shading device is needed, as in studio 3.2 I also need a acoustic buffer due to the nature of my programme. Therefore this testing will show that if a screen is installed, if it will effect the internal spaces in terms of natural lighting.

I predict that for the first iteration the free area will likely impede airflow and natural light penetration, leading to poor ventilation and inadequate illumination within the space. As a result, occupants may experience discomfort due to reduced air quality

The original design, allows excessive sun hour timings and exposes the facade and the internal spaces to excessive natural lighting from June to September. There is no shading provided therefore the space might be over lit in the summer.

effectiveness of shading, particularly in regions with more

predict that for this iteration, the higher free area will enable more airflow and light penetration. However, it also raises concerns regarding the complexity of construction due to the necessity for precision

This testing shows that, the first iteration is the least suitable for this shading device. As the support would not only require the highest amount of material but would also block sunlight. In line with my ateliers position, aim to reduce my material consumption, thus the first deem to be unsuitable.

Test 4.2, seems to perform significantly better. The aesthetic proposition is the most suitable as the support system is set parallel to the main shading screen. However upon further research it became clear hat the support would need to be attached to the primary structure.

Test 4.3 presents itself to be the most suitable for this project. As the material consumption is the least evident. The support itself is very minimal as it only attaches to the corners of the screens. Thus not blocking the sunlight at any point. In addition to that, it presents ease at construction and deconstruction, once again aligning with my atelier and more importantly personal position, as this would allow the screens to be reused. However the support presented in the testing only attaches to the brick facade of the building. This would require additional refinement, as the size and the weight requires the shading to be attached to the steel framing. Thus it will have to cut through the envelope, although it poses risk of thermal bridging, it is the most structurally sound and aesthetically pleasing iteration.

Tools: Sun hour Scale hours/year Performance Criteria 150-200 h/yr

Tools:

In the winter the Sun hours are lower as the sun angel is lower as well. Whilst the main facade area receives a identical amount of sun hours, the window shows significant changes. Therefore, iterations of the shading screen will have

For this first iteration tested a low percentage of free area, to assess how it affects the shading effectiveness and the amount of sunlight penetrating through the window during peak sun hours. The low results suggests that with a

By increasing the free area for this iteration, there is a clear yet considerably small change in the percentage of sun hours. The main changes have occurred within the window frame and the lower left side of the facade. It is visual that

This testing result demonstrates a significant improvement in lighting distribution, as evidenced by the reduction in blue patches throughout the facade. Additionally, the testing results indicate a consistent amount of sun hours across the

Here the test results show that the shading pattern is very similar to Test 1.3. However upon closer investigation it is clear that shades some shades yellow are becoming visible. Indicating that the amount of sunlight during the summer

The overly yellow indicates there is a need for shading to ensure thermal comfort as well as visual clarity. The window is slightly inset into the wall it provides some degree of shading. low percentage of free area, the shading device may block out too much sunlight during peak hours, potentially leading to not enough heat gain and natural lighting inside the building. the shade of orange has slightly brightened indicating a minimal change in natural light penetration. This highlights the need of further increasing the free area percentage. entire facade, which is beneficial for thermal mass considerations. This uniform exposure to sunlight can contribute to better heat absorption and retention within the building is slightly higher than optimal for achieving comfortable thermal performance. Thus, there might be a increased possibility of overheating.

to consider performance during winter times, from December February. Consequently, iterations must consider winter conditions to ensure optimal performance the year.

The winter solstice results indicate that during the time between December and February very little natural lighting penetrates through the shading device. Especially the left side of the window shows that there is very little to no

This test shows that there is excessive natural lighting in the space, as indicated by the significant red area. The increased solar radiation can raise indoor temperatures, especially during periods of intense sunlight, making the space uncomfortable for occupants. Overheating can

increase the demand for air conditioning, leading to higher energy consumption and associated costs.

This render illustrates a compromise of privacy in the living room due to the absence of a shading device making it more visible from the outside. T he lack of shading exacerbates the issue by al-

lowing unrestricted views into the space. Therefore, the installation

This render shows a significant disturbance in

sun hours for that space. Therefore the percentage of free space needs to be increased to allow a higher percentage of light to penetrate through the screen during winter times.

The winter solstice results continue to indicate a lack of natural lighting within the space. This deficiency persists due to the shading device’s limited ability to allow sufficient sunlight penetration, particularly during the lower sun angles

characteristic of winter months.

This highlights the importance of adjusting the shading device to enhance natural light ingress, ensuring year-round comfort and illumination.

Similarly, these results show a remarkable increase in the sun hours received throughout the winter period. Although there is a blue path on the left side of the window, assume that is simply due to the lower position of the winter sol-

This Iteration requires the highest amount of material, as the support system runs the full length of the panel. It fixates to the brick of the wall system. This indicates that the panels are required to be smaller in order to ensure stability and safety. In addition to that, this iteration might also influence the amount of natural lighting entering the space, due to the large support system.

The blue areas in the test results indicate inadequate lighting levels within the room, suggesting a deficiency in natural light penetration. Insufficient natural lighting can create shadows and dark spots within the room, affecting usability and aesthetics. Additionally, relying ex-

tensively on artificial lighting can increase energy consumption and contribute to higher utility costs.

In this iteration, there is a noticeable increase in daylight anatomy, with the space being better illuminated compared to previous versions. However, the space is not yet optimised in terms of lighting. Further refinements are needed to achieve the ideal balance between shading ef-

fectiveness and natural light penetration, ensuring optimal comfort and illumination levels throughout the year.

nectivity with the surrounding environment. Moreover, the insufficient natural lighting may create a

ed in better distribution of natural light, creating a more visually appealing and dynamic environment.

The Tests reveal that the original facade lacks a shading device, leading to excessive natural lighting and compromised privacy in the living room. This exposes occupants to discomfort from overheating and privacy concerns from external visibility. The design must consider the installation of a shading device to mitigate these issues while paying attention to the effectiveness of an acoustic buffer to ensure optimal comfort and functionality in the internal spaces. Further tests need to be conducted to determine which shading device would be best in terms of free area and sunlight penetration. This will help identify the optimal solution, ensuring comfort and energy efficiency within the internal spaces.

Reflecting on the test results, it is clear that this iteration allows inadequate solar radiation and natural light penetration. This underscores the importance of a higher percentage free area. The observed deficiencies in natural lighting during the winter months emphasise the need for adjustments to enhance light penetration. Additionally, the rendered image highlights disturbances in the view and a lack of natural lighting, highlighting the necessity for improvements to enhance functionality and aesthetic appeal. Therefore, this iteration is not chosen for implementation due to its poor performance in testing in terms of natural

stice sun, indicating a natural occurrence that cannot be altered. Overall, these results demonstrate a good balance between shading and lighting

These results show a fainter pattern on the brick facade indicating that the shading device might not be as well performing as the previous iteration. There is an increased in yellow, indicating a hightned amount of sunlight. Although the

higher sun hours during winter are desirable, the heightened sunlight during summer may lead to discomfort and increased energy consumption for cooling.

This system is visually more subtle, as the elements are thinner in appearance, in comparison to Test 4.1 The support attaches to the rear side of the shading panel, thus allowing it to be not a visible. It fixates to the primary or secondary structure of the building, thus ensuring structural stability. However this requires to cut into the envelope.

This daylight autonomy result shows that there is adequate lighting consistently across the room. There is some indication of blue and yellow which may need to be readdressed. However consistent red results would mean that

the space is overlit. Therefore, believe that the current balance achieved is optimal for ensuring both comfort and energy efficiency within the space.

Although the overarching pattern of these results are similar to the previous Test 2.3. It is visible that the shades of red have darkened indicating a high amount of light luminance, indicating that the space may be overlit. This could poten-

tially result in increased glare and discomfort for occupants, raising critical concerns regarding the effectiveness of the shading device in managing light penetration.

This method of fixating the shading device does not require the structural support to extend into the envelope. As it is fixated into the brick using structural bolts. However this iteration requires the shading device to be smaller and lighter in weight. Otherwise this technique would not be stable enough to support a larger panel.

shading iteration is effective in its purpose. Although the results are relatively successful, there is po-

This render demonstrates a significant level of illumination streaming through the window, to the extent that the shading device pattern is no longer

turbance, it compromises the user experience of the space. Therefore, it is evident that this iteration

Stainless steel serves as an optimal material for structural components interfacing with Corten steel. Its exceptional corrosion resistance and inherent compatibility with Corten’s weathering characteristics ensure enduring structural integrity and stability. Through the formation of a protective oxide layer, stainless steel safeguards against galvanic corrosion when connected to Corten Steel.

Aluminum’s corrosion resistance and lightweight properties make it an ideal complement to Corten steel, offering both durability and versatility in construction. Furthermore, aluminum’s strength, light weight, and ability to be shaped easily allow for accurate construction and intricate designs.

Galvanised steel can be problematic when used in conjunction with Corten steel due to the potential for galvanic corrosion. Galvanised steel is coated with zinc to protect against corrosion, but when it comes into contact with Corten steel, which naturally develops a protective rust-like patina, galvanic corrosion can occur. Therefore, it’s

Carbon

Overall, the testing results demonstrate a substantial enhancement in lighting distribution across the facade, evidenced by the reduction in blue patches and consistent sun hours. This uniform exposure to sunlight is good for thermal mass considerations, contributing to improved heat absorption and retention within the building. The daylight autonomy analysis confirms the success of the shading strategy, with consistent lighting levels observed throughout the room. However, despite the relative success, there remains potential for further testing and refinement to optimise shading configuration.

Based on the test results, this iteration closely resembles Test 1.3 but indicates excessive summer sunlight and potential overheating issues. The shading device on the brick facade appears less effective compared to the previous iteration, leading to compromised thermal performance and user comfort. The visual disturbance is low, however it fails to adequately block excess sunlight, impacting the overall user experience negatively. Comparatively, the previous iteration performed better in terms of shading effectiveness. Furthermore, it’s worth noting that the mesh, despite its theoretical effectiveness, may be too fine to be manufactured, potentially compromising the structural integrity of the shading device and rendering it unsuitable for practical implementation.

Test 2.1 Original TEST 3.1 TEST 3.2 TEST 3.3 TEST 3.4 Test 1.1 Test 1.4 Test 4.1 Test 4.2 Test 4.3 Test 1.3 Test 1.2 Original Original Test 1.2 Iteration 1 Original Internal Perspective 2PM Internal Perspective 2PM Internal Perspective 4PM Internal Perspective 2PM Internal Perspective 2PM Iteration 2 Iteration 4 Iteration 3 Summer Solstice Winter Solstice Summer Solstice Summer Solstice Summer Solstice Summer Solstice Test 1.1 Test 1.4 Test 1.3 Test 2.2 Test 2.4 Test 2.3 Original

TEST 1 Sun Hour Analysis (Annual) Methodology Criteria: This testing will assess variously sized patterns on the perforated facade to quantify the duration of direct sunlight exposure, allowing analysis of optimal pattern sizes for desired sun-hour distribution during summer and winter seasons. Hypothesis Larger patterns on the perforated facade will result in decreased sunlight exposure, with the seasonal solstices and sunlight angles, potentially impacting sun-hour distribution. Tools: TEST 4 Constructibility Performance Methodology Criteria This testing will assess which fixating method for the shading device is the most suitable. For this, I will focus on multiple factors such as; material usage, structural stability and aesthetic consideration. Hypothesis The final fixating method will likely demonstrate an optimal combination of minimal material usage while ensuring strong structural stability and enhancing the overall aesthetic appeal of the shading device. Tools: Testing Parameters The aim of these experiments and testing are to design the right size of the shading device in order to reduce noise pollution yet allow maximum natural light transmittance. To conclude aim to consider my Ateliers position of “Material First, Design Second“ by testing different types of fixing systems that are designed for disassembly and reuse. This will allow me to ensure that the Facade panels can be reused in their later life

Technologies Prototyping

Winter Solstice Winter Solstice Winter Solstice Winter Solstice Building & Life Safety Consideration Chosen Design Evaluation Evaluation Evaluation Evaluation Evaluation

lighting, and spatial experience.

led to a slight improvement in natural light penetration, particularly noticeable within the window frame and lower left side

the facade. However, further increases may be necessary to achieve optimal illumination levels. Despite these adjustments, the winter solstice results still reveal a persistent lack of natural lighting due to

These test results indicate that increasing the free area in this iteration has

the shading device’s limited effectiveness, emphasising the need for continued refinement to enhance year-round comfort and illumination.

the view and a lack of natural lighting within the space. This detracts from the spatial experience, potentially limiting the sense of openness and conThis render illustrates improvements in internal lighting and demonstrates how shadows interact with the space more effectively. The adjustments made to the shading device have resultThis

render shows a well balanced internal space, there is minimal visual disturbance whilst preserving privacy. In addition to that the space is neither under lit nor over-lit,indicating that this

visible. While this minimises visual dis-

free area

iteration

light

reasonable pattern

adjustment

predict that increasing the

to 65% in this

will allow more

while maintaining a

size. However, this

might conpredict by increasing the free area to 75% in this iteration may allow more light in, but it could compromise the

Outcome / Results

best to avoid direct contact between galvanised steel and Corten steel.

corrodes rapidly and compromise the structural integrity of the building. I chose stainless steel for the structural system to support Corten steel panels due to its inherent corrosion resistance, ensuring longterm durability and preserving the distinctive weathered aesthetic of the Corten steel while maintaining structural integrity.

on all

test results

provided,

personal

standards suggested for internal residential spaces. Free Area: 100% Free Area: 49% Free Area: 65% Free Area: 75% Free Area: 87% Area: 6.8 m2 Area: 13.86 m2 Area: 4.9 m2 Area: 3.5 m2 Area: 1.8 m2 work. This Iteration might offer the optimal balance between effectiveness and practicality. Cutout Thickness: 8mm Cutout Thickness: 15mm Cutout Thickness: 35 sunlight. The free area might not provide adequate shading coverage, potentially resulting in increased solar heat gain. strain natural light. Thus, there could be a potential compromise in the overall quality of daylighting. and dim lighting conditions, negatively impacting their overall well-being and productivity. of a shading device is necessary to address both the excessive natural lighting and privacy concerns. dim and gloomy atmosphere, impacting the overall ambiance and usability of the space. Refinement may still be required to optimise lighting and shadow interactions tential of further testing to there is potential for further testing to refine the shading strategy has not enough surface area to effectively block out the excess sunlight. Hirra Masood 21308588 &rchitecture BA3 Technologies | Part C | Technologies Detail Study I aim to assess the iterative design against both BREEAM standards and BS EN 12464-1 to ensure compliance with lighting requirements for residential spaces, catering to visual comfort and performance for occupants. This assessment ensures that the residential space not only meets basic lighting standards but also prioritises the practical functionality of the space. BREEAM Certification Test 2.3 Test 1.3 Test 4.3

steel is incompatible with Corten steel due to the risk of galvanic corrosion when the two materials come into contact. Consequently, employing carbon steel alongside Corten steel can leading to galvanic corrosion where the carbon steel

Based

the

and data

I have chosen the following Iterations. As they deemed to be not only the most suitable to my project but also in compliance with my

and ateliers position. The iterative testing has shown that these iterations also align with the BREEAM

10mm - Acoustic Rubber Underlay

A 10mm Acoustic Rubber Underlay was placed on top of beams and floor joists to dampen sound transmission, creating a quieter and more comfortable environment within your space. This underlay also serves to mitigate impact noise, enhancing the acoustic performance of your flooring system. This is particularly important due to the ground floor being exposed.

Insulated Columns

Surrounding the steel columns is essential to prevent thermal bridging, which can lead to energy loss and decreased building efficiency. Due to the high thermal conductivity of steel it allows heat flow from areas of higher temperature to areas of lower temperature. By insulating columns, heat transfer between the interior and exterior environments is minimised.

Suspended Ceiling System

A suspended ceiling system was implemented as it allows easy maintenance and replacement. In addition to that, this system provides convenient access to wiring and utilities thus optimizing functionality and reducing downtime for any necessary adjustments or repairs.

Underfloor Heating With Insulated Panels

The rigid insulation boards laid onto the sub floor using a A1 Adhesive, this is done to combine the benefits of underfloor heating with the insulation properties of rigid board insulation to improve energy efficiency and heating performance. In addition to that the insulation boards do not require additional floor space, unlike typical underfloor heating systems.

Additional Underfloor Insulation

Additional underfloor insulation wrapping around beams and joists was necessary because the ground floor being exposed increases the risk of heat loss through the floor. This significantly increases the floor thickness, necessitating adjustments in the building height and design to accommodate the additional insulation depth.

Constructibility By testing different ways of fixing the perforated facade panels to the buildings, gained a deeper understanding of how structural systems work. In addition to that, learned how loads are trans ferred between elements. The original fixating system was somewhat possible, however in order to sling with my ateliers position have chosen the iteration with the least amount of material. 1:5 Detailed Output Construction Sequence Safety Of Construction Labour Fire Prevention Strategy Technical Detail Shading device to Structure

System

IG Boss

Brick Soffit

System Grooved Underfloor Heating System Window Detail Corten Steel Shading Device Galvanised Steel Connection Plate Reclaimed Steel Column (Primary Structure) Grade 304 Stainless Steel Bolts ASTM A325 Structural Bolts Brick Tie Channel WMS Unit A1 Adhesive Support plate Stainless Steel Channel Brick Slip Ceiling Mounting Track Threaded Rod Nonius hanger Aluminium Top Hat TImber Feature Battens EPS Insulation Timber Hardfloor Finish A1 Adhesive Floor Levelling Screed Rubber Spacer Window Sill Thermal Connection Plate Rock wool Insulation Silicon Sealant Aluminium Lower Lash Heating Element (Oxygen Barrier Pipe) Embroidered Aluminium Coating High-Visibility Vest Enhances visibility, especially in lowlight conditions, to prevent accidents involving moving vehicles and equipment. Safety Gloves Protect hands from cuts, abrasions, punctures, and chemical Goggles Shields the eyes from debris, dust, and other hazards exposures. Ear Protection Earplugs or earmuffs to protect against loud noises, machinery, and tools. A secure construction environment is vital for safeguarding the well-being of workers and minimising the potential for accidents and injuries. Appropriate PPE protects against various hazards such as falling objects, electrical shocks, and harmful substances. Safety Steel-toed boots Protect feet against heavy objects, sharp materials, and electrical hazards. Hard Hats Protect the head from falling objects, overhead hazards, and electrical shocks. Astroflame Cavity Gap Seal A Fire stop block is used to prevent the spread of fire, smoke, and gases through the Fire resistant Line Rockwool is known for its fire-resistant properties, as it is made from non-combustible materials that can withstand high temperatures without igniting. By completely wrapping the space with fire-resistant Insulation, it adds a layer of protection against the spread of fire, smoke, and heat. Fire block placement The fire blocks were placed above and below the window as they can act as weak points in the fire resistance of a building’s structure. Thus they help to maintain the integrity of fire-rated walls or partitions, limiting the spread of fire vertically within the building. Connector Clips Technical Detail Technical Detail Technical Detail Technical Detail Reflection Climate Performance Through iterative testing using sun hour and daylight autonomy testing it was obvious that a finish without shading device would have resulted in a highly over lit space. has also shown the importance of testing different sizes and how minor changes can significantly change the user experience of a space. The two tests have allowed me to not only test an average of daylight but also season specific, thus providing a comprehensive understanding annual natural light performance.

aim of this technological study was to determine the most suitable shading device system

size. Overall, this aim was fulfilled by doing iterative testing

evaluation.

considering certification

such

BREEAM ensured

the results are aligned with future needs. Additionally the acknowledgment of the RIBA sustainable outcomes shows not only environmental consideration but also social and political. Building & Life Safety By considering the safety of my building and the construction process involved, have learned that safety precaution does not begin with the building occupier. Rather, safety of construction workers and the PPE involved it a significant aspect that needs to be considered throughout. In addition to that, it also includes processes that take place off site and prior to construction, such as the making of the shading devices etc. 1 1 2 4 2 3 5 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 5 Hirra Masood 21308588 &rchitecture BA3 Technologies | Part C | Technologies Detail Study Technologies Detailing

IG Boss Brick Soffit

Conclusion The

and

systems

that

to the industrial nature of the site, the ground excavation process involves dealing with a thick concrete base. Excavation equipment such as excavators and bulldozers are deployed to remove soil and break through the concrete layer to reach the required depth for the foundation of the building fragment. Structural Framing After the foundation has cured sufficiently, structural framing begins. This involves erecting steel columns, beams, followed by secondary support elements. Structural elements are assembled and connected using welding or bolting techniques. Finally the Steel stud system is added, which is placed in between the beams and columns. ` Insulation Installation Rockwool Insulation is applied between the steel stud system of the walls and in between the floor joists. Insulation fixings are used to ensure that the insulation stays in place and compact. In addition to that, EPS insulation is used as a external wall insulation. In order to prevent heat loss and maximise energy efficiency and thermal performance. Brick Facade Installation The brick facade installation is begins with building a brick wall around the columns and the fixating of the IG Boss system. One the support is there, the remaining brick is built up using scaffolding and a lift to move brick and mortar. Brick ties and anchors are also fixated at a regular interval to ensure the stability and structural integrity of the facade. Shading Device Installation Although the support system for the shading devices are installed earlier in the construction process. The shading panels are fixated to the support using a mini spider crane, due to the height of the building. These panels are secured using bolts and a impact driver, as speed and accuracy are crucial when installing external cladding. cavity. The block is made of elastomeric foam which is laminated with a graphite-based, in-tumescent compound on both sides. By adding a fire block it helps to contain the fire within its point of origin, limiting damage and providing crucial time for evacuation.

Ground Excavation Due

Bibliography

• Astroflame Intumescent Expansion Joint/Linear Gap Seals (2024) Rawlins Paints. [Online] [Accessed on 22nd April 2024] https://www.rawlinspaints.com/home/fire-retardant-paints/fire-stopping/5375-astroflame-intumescent-expansion-jointlinear-gap-seals.html?gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjwlZixBhCoARIsAIC745By66JlXV_XrrWXeDXpeNlZofQS5cNN21NqX9txiW4VbdEn8zwr0VoaAo8lEALw_wcB.

• B.O.S.S. (n.d.) IG Masonry Support. [Online] [Accessed on 22nd April 2024] https://igmasonrysupport.com/brick-slip-systems/brick-slip-soffit-systems/boss/.

• BREEAM | BRE Group (2022) bregroup.com. [Online] https://bregroup.com/products/breeam.

• Daylight modeling WELL Standard (n.d.) standard.wellcertified.com. [Online] [Accessed on 23rd March 2024] https://standard.wellcertified.com/light/daylight-modeling#:~:text=Spatial%20daylight%20autonomy%20(sDA300%2C50.

• Slatted timber ceilings | Slatted timber walls (n.d.) stil-acoustics.co.uk. [Online] https://stil-acoustics.co.uk/Timber-Acoustic/Fine-Line.html.

• Unique, L. (2023) What is Corten Steel? A Comprehensive Guide. LuxUnique. [Online] [Accessed on 22nd April 2024] https://luxunique.co.uk/what-is-corten-steel/#:~:text=At%20the%20start%20 of%20the.

• What PPE Is Required For A Construction Site? (2021) XAMAX®. [Online] https://www.xamax.co.uk/blog/what-ppe-is-required-for-construction.html#:~:text=The%20Types%20Of%20PPE%20 Needed%20On%20A%20Building%20Site&text=be%20made%20for%3A-.