The-Etiquette-Eng

My sincere gratitude to the Gulf Petrochemical Industries Company (GPIC) for approving the reprint of this outstanding book which was initially published by GPIC. This decision underscores GPIC’s commitment to maximizing the benefits of this book, particularly in light of the positive response it has received over the years. The book has made a lasting impression on all who have had the opportunity to read it and benefit from its valuable insights.

All rights reserved. No part of this work may be exploited in any form or by any means, whether currently known or developed in the future, without prior written permission from the author. This includes reproduction, translation, storage, downloading, installation on any device, or making it available via the internet or any open or closed information networks.

Intellectual Property Rights

Author: Ms. Nadine Daher

Illustrations by Alia Beydoun

Nadine Daher

Trainer and Solutions for Etiquette, Protocol and Executive Presence

Website: www.nadinedaher.com

Email: nadinedaher@me.com

Translated from Arabic by Bapco Energies – 2025

Printed in the Kingdom of Bahrain

A Heartfelt Thank You

I am grateful to those who gave me life, instilled in me a love for living, and taught me to respect others. My deepest gratitude goes to my mother, my father, and my school for nurturing my knowledge, appreciation of literature and the beautiful values that shape me—values that I, in turn, have worked to pass on to my beloved sons, Karim and Nadeem. My hope is that they will carry this legacy forward to their own children.

A special thank you as well to all those who dedicate themselves to cultivating refinement, noble values, and good manners in the hearts of our children—the men and women of the future.

Nadine Daher

The art of etiquette is one of the most essential foundations of our lives. Personally, I have always adhered to the principles and rules of etiquette in all situations, occasions, and gatherings. Through my daily interactions with people, I have witnessed their positive reactions to thoughtful and courteous behaviour—both in personal and professional settings. These experiences have deepened my conviction in the power of etiquette to bring people closer, foster mutual respect, achieve goals, and create harmony and joy in human interactions.

I have long hoped to see these refined behaviours and courteous manners spread throughout our beloved Arab world, with etiquette becoming an integral part of our authentic traditions and cultural heritage.

When I met Mrs. Nadine Daher, a specialist in the art and science of etiquette, I was captivated by her eloquence and boundless passion for this refined discipline. Through our discussions, the idea for this remarkable book emerged—one that I wholeheartedly wish could be taught to our children in all schools and institutions across the Arab world.

My deepest gratitude goes to Mrs. Nadine Daher for turning my wish— and that of many others like me—into a reality.

Dr. Abdulrahman Jawahery

Acting Managing Director Bapco Energies Chief Executive Officer Bapco Refining

About the Author

Nadine Daher is a trusted authority in the field of etiquette, protocol, and image consulting. She has established this knowledge as a discipline with specific approaches and guidelines in the Arab world.

She was born in Lebanon to prominent academic parents: Professor Massoud Daher, a PhD in social history and author of more than 30 books, and Professor Sonia Debs.

Daher began her career in Switzerland, where she trained in the arts of etiquette and protocol in Geneva. From there, she embarked upon a six-year research journey before writing her first book, «Etiquette: Science and Courtesy,» which addresses the principles and etiquette of behavior and proper conduct in society.

With a background in psychology, Daher authored an etiquette guide to help parents guide their children in this field, titled «Etiquette from Childhood to Adolescence». This guide aims to raise the behavioral standards of an entire generation. In 2025, she published a young adult story titled «The Adventures of the Three Friends with Uncle AGI». Daher is fluent in Arabic, French, English, and also speaks German and Spanish.

In 2010, she founded “Nadine Daher Training and Solutions for Etiquette, Protocol, Executive Presence and Image Consultancy”.

In addition to training, Daher currently presents the «Etiquette» segment twice weekly on MTV Alive on MTV Lebanon, with over 1,000 episodes aired to date.

Introduction

Chapter 1: A Sound Mind in a Sound Body

Chapter 2: Courtesy

Chapter 3: Upbringing and Good Behaviour

Chapter 4: Etiquette at Home

Chapter 5: Dining Etiquette and Table Manners

Chapter 6: Social Etiquette

Chapter 7: Self-Etiquette

Chapter 8: Netiquette

Introduction

This book is dedicated to the children and youth of the 21st century, focusing on the behaviours and etiquette that the promising future generation should embody and pass on to the generations to come.

But why is this book particularly relevant today? The reality is that most young people today have little to no knowledge of etiquette and proper conduct. To succeed in academic, family, and professional life—and to foster a virtuous, distinguished, and cohesive society—we must instil good habits and proper behaviour in our children. By doing so, we can raise a generation capable of living together with love, politeness, and respect.

Good evening, Good morning, Please,Thank you…

These are simple words and phrases that take only seconds to say, yet they hold great significance in our interactions. To communicate effectively and earn the love and respect of others, we must first show appreciation and respect. Every word we say and every action we take carries meaning.

For instance, a well-mannered student stands out among their peers at school. A boy or girl who does not need to be repeatedly called for meals, or who voluntarily helps their parents set and clear the table, naturally integrates more harmoniously within their immediate family, extended family, and society as a whole. Let us now explore the codes of conduct and etiquette for children.

A Message to Parents

Dear Parents,

If you have chosen this book for your children, it means that you recognize the importance of etiquette and good manners in elevating individuals, groups, and society as a whole. Personally, I do not believe that children are born lacking respect. Likewise, I have no doubt that you have repeatedly taught them the principles of etiquette and proper behaviour. Yet, you may feel that they have not fully absorbed these lessons.

Rest assured that all the efforts you have made—such as reminding them to «Say hello to the lady!»—will never be in vain. In time, these teachings will take root and yield positive results.

This book aims to communicate with children and teenagers using their own language, understanding their world, and simplifying concepts so they can grasp every situation with ease. I hope that young readers will find answers to many of their questions within these pages.

The purpose of this book is not to preach or offer moral lessons, but rather to present a humble yet bold attempt to help children and teenagers avoid falling into the trap of hostility and disrespect toward others. These issues, if left unaddressed, may gradually erode the very foundations of our societies—foundations built on love, tolerance, and respect, passed down to us by our ancestors and essential for strengthening the bonds within our communities.

Is Etiquette a Choice or an Obligation?

Etiquette, in all its principles and rules, can be seen as an extension of good manners and public decency. For instance, when someone wishes to play loud music that disturbs their neighbours, etiquette may seem like a restriction on personal freedom. However, in reality, it aligns with the fundamental principle that «your freedom ends when the freedom of others begins».

There are many places where one can enjoy loud music without disturbing others, though it is worth noting that excessive volume may damage one’s hearing.

In this book, we explore everyday behaviours that are often considered undesirable—actions that, at times, can contribute to division and discord among people.

Today’s youth, unfortunately, are growing up with fewer social constraints and moral values. This issue is further exacerbated by violent video games, which fuel aggression, chaos, and a disregard for order in the minds of children and young adults.

Some may argue that etiquette is an obstacle to progress in modern society. However, in reality, it is a fundamental pillar of a well-functioning public life. It refines human interactions, establishes boundaries that allow everyone to exercise their freedoms without infringing on others, and simultaneously fosters personal growth, creativity, and innovation.

Culture and Etiquette

The origins of etiquette may be traced back to ancient civilizations, such as the Egyptians, the Incas, and the Greeks—societies that laid the groundwork for many human traditions. What makes etiquette unique is its adaptability; it evolves with the customs and traditions of each society.

For instance, in the past, it would have been unthinkable for the ancient Egyptians to embrace the customs and social behaviours of the Inca people in South America. However, as civilizations advanced and cultural exchanges flourished through travel, trade, and even war, shared principles of etiquette and decorum began to emerge across different societies.

The earliest civilizations, such as Ancient Greece and Rome, played a significant role in shaping the foundations of proper social conduct. However, most formal etiquette customs in Western culture originated in the French royal court during the 17th and 18th centuries. The nobles who resided in the court established a set of social rules and behaviours known as etiquette, which quickly spread across Europe. This development was accompanied by the emergence of protocol, a system of formalities and ceremonial rules governing social, professional, and diplomatic interactions. Protocol dictated proper conduct in speech, writing, posture, and movement. By the 20th century, social etiquette evolved in response to societal and technological changes. Rather than focusing on rigid rules for formal occasions, modern etiquette became more about courteous behaviour that respects the feelings of others.

Nevertheless, each culture has preserved its own unique form of etiquette. A behaviour deemed appropriate in one society may be considered inappropriate in another. For example, in Japan, it is customary to remove one’s shoes before entering a home, whereas in many Western countries, this act might be seen as impolite. Similarly, in some cultures, a man walking ahead of a woman is considered rude, while in others, it is a sign of respect and protection. In certain societies, a woman walking behind her husband is a gesture of deference to his status. Even within the same culture, etiquette can vary based on geography and lifestyle. Urban dwellers, for instance, often follow different social customs compared to those living in rural areas. These variations highlight the fluid nature of etiquette, which adapts to the values and traditions of each community.

There is no harm in anyone, regardless of their background, seeking to learn the etiquette and customs of other cultures. In fact, doing so can be highly beneficial, especially when traveling, engaging in international business, or living in a society different from one's own. For instance, you might be surprised to find that when meeting Japanese individuals, they do not extend their hands for a handshake but instead bow as a sign of respect and welcome. Similarly, in some cultures, people avoid direct eye contact during conversation, as it is considered impolite or a sign of disrespect according to traditions passed down through generations.

Despite these cultural differences, all societies around the world share a fundamental principle: a rejection of disrespectful behaviour, regardless of the context or cultural background. Respecting others, regardless of their origins, and embracing diversity as a natural aspect of humanity fosters stronger relationships and facilitates the exchange of values and noble principles among different societies.

Etiquette serves as an accessible gateway to understanding and appreciating the traditions of different cultures, enabling us to interact harmoniously with people from all walks of life.

Etiquette Between Adults and Children

Often, your parents or other adults may criticize you for lacking a sense of etiquette, while displaying poor manners themselves. For example, they may empty a cigarette ashtray out of the car window or throw trash on the street. In such cases, it can be challenging to «teach a lesson» to adults, even if some of them really need it. Let’s explore how to handle these situations with three different groups of adults.

The First Category : Strangers With these individuals, it is best to refrain from making any comment on their actions. For example, if you’re walking down the street and see an adult throw an empty cigarette pack on the ground without bothering to find a trash can, speaking up directly isn’t appropriate. Instead, you might calmly discuss the issue if you’re with one of your parents or another trusted adult: “Do you think it’s okay to throw a cigarette pack on the street?” Parents or other adults you are with can, if they wish, kindly point out the behaviour to the person who littered. However, it’s important to remember that offering unsolicited advice is generally unwelcome, and even for adults, it’s not always easy to address such matters.

The Second Category: Acquaintances (Your parents’ friends, teachers, shopkeepers, and others). With these individuals, you will find yourself in a similar situation to the first category — that is, in a position where it’s difficult to offer any advice or criticism without making them feel disrespected or that you›re being overly bold. For the second time, it is generally not advisable for you to bring up the topic of proper conduct and good manners.

The Third Category: Close Family (Your mother, father, uncles, aunts, and others). With these people, you can more comfortably discuss everything you know about etiquette. However, be cautious — you should do so politely and use the appropriate words and tone for each person.

Here is an example: A father and his daughter are at a cafeteria. The father scolds his daughter for not saying «thank you» to the waitress when she made a request. However, the father finds himself embarrassed when his daughter points out that he forgot to say the magic words, «please,» when asking for water. He smiles and says to the waitress, «Please, dear.»

In another example, you might see a young boy reprimanding his mother for throwing things out of the car window. He expresses his disapproval of this action, which contributes to environmental pollution. The mother feels guilty, agrees with her son, and stops behaving in this manner.

When you want to point out something to an older person who acts disrespectfully, you should first consider the following two questions:

First: Is it appropriate to address this person directly with a comment?

Second: What words or tone should I use?

But should you always take on the role of the moral guide whenever you see an improper or inappropriate action, or behaviour that contradicts the general etiquette, especially with people older than you? Not necessarily. Doing so might make you disliked for your boldness, which some might perceive — especially those who aren’t close to you — as a form of rudeness. Strive for a balance between politeness and excessive boldness, although the truth will always be on your side when you see an adult contradicting their own advice. Therefore, older people who ask their children to avoid bad language or insults should hold themselves to the same standards. Every child will naturally mirror the behaviour of their parents, and it’s better for that reflection to be positive. The child will inevitably repeat the same behaviours they observed in their parents and those close to them as they grow, passing these actions down to the next generation. This is why it’s crucial that our actions align with our words - showing children that our guidance isn’t merely empty rhetoric.

Etiquette as a Lifestyle

Etiquette is not just a set of rules; it’s “a way of living,” both in relation to oneself and others. People with good manners are always wellregarded in social settings, as their respectful behaviour makes others want to invite them again and interact with them, because they know how to behave properly with both the young and the elderly. On the other hand, those who fail to act appropriately are often avoided.

For instance, a courteous person who visits a bank or any government or private office is more likely to receive assistance smoothly and efficiently, unlike someone who behaves rudely. People are more willing to serve them with a smile. By adopting such simple, considerate behaviours, we cultivate love, respect, and friendships, ultimately making etiquette a key factor in gaining admiration and esteem from others.

Chapter One

A Sound Mind in a Sound Body

We must develop the habit of taking care of our bodies from an early age, following the age-old wisdom: “A sound mind in a sound body.” Maintaining personal hygiene reflects not only self-respect but also respect for those around us. Just like adults, children—both boys and girls—need to keep themselves clean to build and maintain strong personal relationships. If they neglect their hygiene and emit an unpleasant odour, they may find themselves ignored, avoided, or even treated unkindly by their peers. This underscores the importance of teaching children the essential rules of hygiene from an early age. In the past, having a bathtub was considered a luxury. However, times have changed, and today, most homes are equipped with bathrooms and essential hygiene products such as soap, shampoo, toothpaste, and toothbrushes. As a result, there is no longer any justification for neglecting personal cleanliness.

Around the age of two or three, children often begin expressing a desire to bathe on their own. It is important to listen to their wishes, as this fosters a sense of independence. Naturally, they may make mistakes at first, but this should not prevent us from encouraging their self-reliance while keeping a watchful eye on them.

Bathing

Regardless of the weather, children should bathe at least once a day. It is essential to teach them that bathing is not just about splashing and playing with water but about thoroughly cleansing their bodies. They should learn to apply soap all over their skin, scrub between their fingers and toes, behind their ears, and under their arms, and ensure they shampoo their hair properly.

Hair Care

The frequency of hair washing depends on several factors, including dryness, dandruff, and the nature of the scalp—whether it is normal, oily, dry, or sensitive. As a general rule, children’s hair should be washed at least twice a week, depending on the activity of their sebaceous and sweat glands. For instance, children with more active glands may need to wash their hair several times a week.

It is essential for hair to look clean and for the scalp to have a pleasant scent. If a child engages in sports, spends hours playing outside while wearing a cap, or plays in sandy areas with friends, they should wash their hair on the same day to maintain hygiene and freshness.

Ears

When a child bathes, parents—especially mothers—should clean their ears both inside and out, including the inner cavity. However, young children should not clean their ears on their own to avoid damaging the eardrum. Teenagers, on the other hand, can handle this task themselves, but they should still be cautious to prevent any harm.

Mouth and Teeth

To help them experience this firsthand, they can be asked to run their tongue over their teeth to feel how smooth they are after brushing. Ensuring healthy and strong teeth requires supervising children to confirm they brush correctly for about three minutes. They should be taught to move the toothbrush from the bottom to the top, scrub their gums gently, and clean their molars as well. Using a toothpaste specifically designed for children is recommended, as it helps strengthen and protect tooth enamel.

A child’s toothbrush should be replaced every two months. Allowing them to choose their own toothbrush can make the experience more enjoyable. Additionally, purchasing a toothpaste specifically designed for children can help encourage proper dental care.

Hands and Nails

Boys and girls should develop the habit of brushing their teeth after every meal, upon waking up, and before going to bed. This helps minimize the risk of tooth decay and removes food particles stuck in the mouth. To encourage this habit, children should be taught the importance of oral hygiene and how it contributes to overall health. They should also understand the benefits of going to bed with a clean and fresh mouth.

Hands can be a major carrier of germs and diseases, making frequent and thorough handwashing essential. Children should wash their hands repeatedly throughout the day, especially before and after meals, before and after handling fruits, meat, or other foods, and after returning home from school, the park, or the market.

If a child snacks between meals or dines out with family, they should be guided to the restroom to wash their hands with soap and water. It is important to consider all the dusty or germ-contaminated objects they may have touched throughout the day. Young children often develop the habit of quickly rinsing their hands under running water as soon as they apply soap. They must be taught that this is ineffective and that proper handwashing requires lathering with liquid soap or rubbing solid soap between their hands, scrubbing for about a minute, and then rinsing thoroughly with water. If the water used for rinsing is still murky or dark, they should repeat the process. Children should also learn that washing their hands is necessary after touching or playing with various objects, such as newspaper pages, to remove any dirt that might stick to their fingers. This helps prevent them from spreading dirt onto walls, light switches, door handles, stair railings, clothing, or even the food they eat.

It is crucial for parents to teach their children the importance of thoroughly washing their hands after using the toilet and to guide them on how to do so properly. In Quebec, Canada, researchers have developed a fluorinated product capable of detecting faecal contamination left by children on towels, toys, and clothing due to inadequate handwashing after using the toilet. This product emits a glow that highlights contaminated areas, revealing just how easily bacteria can spread. Naturally, these faecal residues are a major source of infection. However, by teaching children proper hygiene and ensuring they clean themselves and wash their hands thoroughly after using the toilet, the risk of infection can be significantly reduced.

Today, pharmacies, grocery stores, and other retailers offer disinfectant solutions with antimicrobial and germ-killing properties, available in small, portable containers that can easily fit in a pocket or school bag.

Parents can provide their children with these sanitizers to use regularly. However, it is important to emphasize that such products are not a substitute for soap and water. They should only be used when handwashing facilities are unavailable, serving as a temporary alternative rather than a permanent solution.

For older children who can hold and handle a bar of soap, regular solid soap is recommended. However, for younger children whose small hands may struggle with gripping a solid bar, liquid soap is a more suitable option.

When hands are covered in mud or after using the toilet, it is always preferable to use antibacterial and disinfectant soap instead of regular soap. For more effective cleaning, hands should first be scrubbed with soap for about a minute, then rinsed under running water for at least thirty seconds. Additionally, fingernails and toenails should be cleaned at least once a day, especially after outdoor play. Periodic trimming of nails is also essential to keep them clean and free of dirt buildup.

Underarm Hygiene

Body odour, particularly underarm sweat, becomes more noticeable during puberty when the sweat glands in adolescents begin functioning more actively. Therefore, teenagers should wash their underarms multiple times a day if necessary and use a good-quality deodorant. However, it is important that deodorant is applied only after thoroughly washing the underarms with soap and water; .otherwise, it may worsen the odour instead of preventing it

Foot Hygiene

To address excessive foot sweating and unpleasant odours during adolescence, various powders, creams, and deodorizing lotions are available to help eliminate unwanted smells. To prevent excessive foot perspiration, it is advisable not to wear the same pair of shoes every day but to alternate between different pairs. Additionally, soaking the feet in warm water in the evening with a small amount of salt and baking soda, or using a specialized essential oil-based deodorizing solution, can help reduce this uncomfortable issue.

In general, wearing cotton socks is preferable to socks made of wool, nylon, or other synthetic fabrics, as they allow better airflow and help keep the feet dry and fresh.

Bathroom and Sink Etiquette

As teenagers reach an appropriate age, parents should train them to clean the bathroom after use, including removing any loose hair left behind during a shower. They should also be reminded to hang up their towel, return their hairbrush or comb to its place, and neatly store their razor, shampoo, and other toiletries. In simple terms, they should leave the bathroom cleaner than it was before they used it. When a teenager begins shaving, they must understand that their body hair is their own responsibility, and it is essential to clean the sink after grooming or shaving.

Toilet Etiquette

When using the toilet, it is always necessary to close the door, as this is a private matter. This rule applies to all family members. Additionally, children should develop the habit of sitting on the toilet seat while urinating to prevent any splashes from soiling the toilet seat, walls, or floor.

It is always necessary to flush the toilet after each use and to ensure that toilet paper is available. If the roll is empty, one should replace it with a new one.

If a teenager is visiting a relative, a friend, or even an unfamiliar home and needs to use the bathroom but finds no toilet paper, they should politely and discreetly inform the host. After using the toilet, properly cleaning themselves, and washing their hands, they should spray a small amount of air freshener if there is an unpleasant odour. However, it is important to emphasize that only a small amount should be used, as excessive spraying can worsen the smell rather than eliminate it.

Stains and Marks

Regardless of the type of stains or mess left behind, teenagers should be taught the importance of cleaning up after themselves. This includes wiping away toothpaste residue from the sink, drying water spills left on the bathroom floor after showering, and avoiding leaving newspapers or pictures taped to the walls.

A common question parents ask is: At what age should we start teaching children etiquette? The answer is simple—right after they learn to say «Mama» and «Papa,» the next words they should learn are «Please» and «Thank you!» This marks the child’s first lesson in good manners, proper behaviour, and etiquette.

Etiquette and Sports

Sports serve as a refined means to counter violence and aggressive behaviour. They are a shining symbol of civilization and human progress, dating back to ancient times. This is why we find that sports have evolved and taken various forms in the great civilizations of history, including ancient Greek, Roman, Arab, and Islamic civilizations, as well as other cultures worldwide.

But what is the connection between sports and etiquette? In reality, sportsmanship and proper conduct in athletics are integral aspects of etiquette that we encourage our children and young men and women to embrace and adhere to.

Beyond their many physical benefits—strengthening the body, refining its form, and boosting immunity—sports help discipline the soul. They teach patience, respect for rules and regulations, and the ability to accept defeat with grace while celebrating victory without arrogance or mocking opponents. In sports, we see the defeated congratulating the winner, while the victor consoles and encourages their rival, recognizing that today’s winner may be tomorrow’s loser and vice versa. The true purpose of sports is not about winning or losing. Rather, it is about strengthening the body, refining character, and fostering self-discipline—values that positively influence our daily behaviour and personal and social lives, whether at home, school, work, or in public spaces.

Sports also teach the importance of teamwork, cooperation, and rejecting selfishness and ineffective individualism. The French baron Pierre de Coubertin, founder of the modern Olympic Games, believed that sports play a crucial role in shaping an individual’s

personality and that international competitions can strengthen bonds of love, brotherhood, and peace among nations. In addition to bringing joy and happiness, sports rejuvenate the body, enhance energy levels, and create a social environment that nurtures positive qualities. They encourage constructive interaction between individuals and groups, develop social skills that contribute to community service, and help refine and control instincts.

Chapter Two

Politeness

What Does It Mean to Be Polite?

Being polite, above all, means understanding and respecting the rules of the home you live in, the school you attend, and the country you belong to.

Learning etiquette is very similar to learning traffic rules. From the moment a child utters their first words, they should be taught the simple principles of life. You have likely heard phrases such as: “Don’t talk with food in your mouth!”, “Stand up straight!”, or “Don’t put your elbows on the table!” These repeated reminders are all part of the art and science of etiquette. Our parents, teachers, and those around us patiently strive to instil in us proper social behaviour.

Etiquette and good manners are governed by rules of “proper conduct” and “the art of conversation.”

However, these rules are not identical across all countries and cultures. Yet, simply familiarizing ourselves with the etiquette of the society we live in allows us to adapt positively to our surroundings. A well-mannered and respectful individual is always perceived more favourably than someone who disregards social norms. True refinement is reflected in good behaviour, the ability to adapt to different environments, and avoiding actions that may offend others.

What Does It Mean to Be Impolite?

Impoliteness stems from either a lack of awareness of social etiquette or a refusal to follow its rules. Often, this leads to losing friends and finding oneself in uncomfortable situations. Worse still is the failure to make an effort to reconnect with others, integrate into society, or foster meaningful relationships. This can result in isolation, withdrawal, and social alienation.

Examples of Impolite and Unrefined Behaviour:

1. Failing to greet people when entering a store, an office, or other establishment.

2 Failing to introduce yourself when making phone calls.

3 Consistently arriving late to appointments.

4 Remaining seated on public transportation while a pregnant woman or an elderly person stands.

5. Spitting in the street.

6 Interrupting others while they are speaking.

7 Being overly casual with elders without their permission.

8 Speaking while chewing food.

While certain instances of impoliteness may be excused or forgiven, others are entirely unacceptable, depending on the time, place, and environment. If you behave in a rude or inconsiderate manner, people will distance themselves from you, avoid interacting with you, and may even openly criticize you with harsh remarks. Throughout this book, you will learn valuable lessons about etiquette, proper behaviour, and refined social conduct.

Politeness Comes First!

Polite, courteous, and well-mannered words cost nothing, yet they make a significant difference between those who know how to live harmoniously and those who do not. From the very first moment, the words you choose define whether you are a well-mannered person or not.

Fortunately, these words are few and easy to learn. We should make a habit of using them in our daily conversations, as many people, unfortunately, have either forgotten them or chosen to neglect them. Not only do these expressions bring joy to others when they hear them, but they also elevate the speaker’s character, making them more pleasant and admirable. Therefore, it is essential to instil polite language in children from a young age, ensuring they use these words whenever appropriate.

For instance, if a child wants to borrow a toy from a friend, they might simply say, “Give me the toy.” In this case, a parent or any older person should gently remind them to add “please” to their request—“Please give me the toy.” If they are addressing someone older, they should say “Please, sir” or “Please, ma’am.”

Over time, children naturally begin to use polite expressions on their own, without needing reminders. If we want them to learn and apply etiquette in their interactions with others, we must also practice it ourselves—especially when they are present.

Let’s always remember this guiding principle: «A child’s voice should be pleasant and clear, their pronunciation correct, their hand gestures gentle and natural, their appearance neat, and their face cheerful.»

Saying «Please»

Teenagers should make a habit of saying «please» whenever they request something from others. For example, when asking a sibling to pass the bread at the table, requesting their mother’s help with homework, or asking their father for some money, they should always include «please.» Likewise, they should use this expression when asking someone to return a personal belonging, borrowing an item from a sibling, or requesting something from a classmate at school.

Saying «Thank You»

Teenagers should also learn to say «thank you» whenever someone does something for them or gives them a gift. For instance, they should thank their mother for preparing their meals, their teacher for explaining a lesson, their doctor for providing care, the bus driver for taking them to their destination, the waitress at a restaurant, the cashier at a store, or anyone who serves them or treats them with kindness.

In short, children should be encouraged to express gratitude toward anyone who does something nice for them—whether out of obligation, personal choice, or as part of their job. This includes thanking a waitress for serving their meal at a restaurant or a store clerk for handing them an ice cream cone.

«You’re welcome... Welcome... Please don’t mention it»

When someone thanks a child or teenager, it is polite for them to respond with phrases like “You’re welcome,” “My pleasure,” “Please don’t mention it,” or “Glad to help.” These expressions convey that the service was offered willingly and that they would not hesitate to help again in the future.

Saying «Excuse Me»

The phrase “excuse me” can be a bit challenging to incorporate into a child’s vocabulary, so parents should consistently encourage its use whenever the child makes a mistake, whether intentional or accidental. One effective way to teach this is by using it ourselves in daily interactions. When children see adults apologizing for small errors, they are more likely to adopt the habit naturally. It is essential to say “excuse me” or “I’m sorry” in situations such as accidentally bumping into someone, stepping on someone’s foot, coughing, sneezing, burping, or passing gas in public, or unintentionally pushing someone or knocking something over.

Apologies should also be extended when breaking or damaging someone else’s belongings, making a mistake, or wrongly accusing someone. Saying sorry is a fundamental act of courtesy whenever we inconvenience or harm someone—whether an individual or a group— in any way.

It is always a kind gesture to use polite greetings and farewells, whether addressing a friend, family member, or even a stranger. These expressions should be regularly used when greeting someone, saying farewell, before going to bed, or when leaving home for school and returning afterward.

Offering someone good wishes for a lovely day or a good night takes only a few seconds, yet it is a meaningful gesture of kindness that leaves a positive impression. Whether directed toward close acquaintances or strangers, such words reflect respect and goodwill.

Using «You» in Formal and Informal Contexts in Arabic

The choice of separate or attached pronoun in Arabic adds a unique distinction to personal relationships. Shifting from the formal pronoun «antum» (used for plural or as a respectful singular) to the informal pronoun «anta» (for singular masculine) or «anti» (for singular feminine) plays an important role in defining and developing relationships between individuals. Using «anta/anti» implies closeness, familiarity, and a relaxed form of communication. It makes conversations feel less formal, allowing for a more natural and personal exchange, whatever the topics being discussed. In contrast, addressing someone with «antum» signifies a formal relationship, typically used when speaking to an elder, someone of higher social status, or a superior in a professional setting.

It is widely observed that transitioning from «antum» to «anta/anti» happens more easily among people of the same gender, whereas it tends to be more delicate between individuals of different genders. Age also plays a crucial role in this shift. Among adults, for example, this transition is often initiated through questions such as:

“Wouldn’t it be easier for us to address each other informally now?”

“Would you mind if we spoke more casually?”

Despite these distinctions, informal singular address is often used spontaneously. For example, young children typically address adults using «anta» or «anti» until around the age of seven or eight, when they begin to learn the appropriate contexts and individuals for using the more formal «antum» in conversation. Similarly, teenagers and young adults tend to address one another informally, regardless of gender, as familiarity naturally develops within their peer groups.

Within families, informal address is the norm, with few exceptions. Children never use «antum» when speaking to their parents. However, it is important to teach young children proper etiquette when addressing older individuals, reminding them that familiarity should not be assumed, even if an elder speaks to them using «anta/anti.» Using the plural «antum» is not just a linguistic formality; it also reflects social, professional, and generational hierarchy, serving as a sign of respect.

For a long time, the formal pronoun «antum» was widely used in society, but in recent years, informal address with «anta/anti» has become increasingly common, especially among young people. This shift is largely attributed to two main factors:

• Education has played a significant role in this transition. Parents and teachers increasingly advocate for a friendly and approachable communication style when addressing children and students, rather than enforcing rigid hierarchical structures.

• The influence of the English language. In English, the pronoun «you» is used for both singular and plural, unlike Arabic, where a clear distinction exists.

Recently, the frequent use of «anta/anti» has become so widespread that it is often seen as overly casual or even inappropriate in certain contexts. However, there is now a growing movement among parents, educators, and cultural advocates calling for a return to the more formal «antum» as a sign of respect and decorum in speech.

Generally, informality in speech is acceptable within the family, where it is seen as an expression of warmth, affection, and closeness. It is also common among children when speaking to one another. However, the moment a child addresses someone older, they should be expected to use the formal form as a sign of respect.

Etiquette in Conversations

When a child, teenager, or young adult speaks—whether to express an idea or answer a question—they must follow certain rules of etiquette. These principles apply not only to young people but to adults as well. One of the most fundamental rules is to refrain from interrupting someone while they are speaking—even if the speaker is a young child. Interrupting others is considered impolite and disrespectful, yet unfortunately, it is a common habit among children who have not yet developed patience. Many parents, however, tend to be indifferent or overly lenient in addressing this behaviour. How often do we see a young child persistently tugging at a parent’s clothing, repeatedly saying, «Mom, Mom, Mom!» or «Dad, Dad, Dad!» while the parent is engaged in a conversation or on the phone?

Children must learn that it is polite to wait until adults have finished speaking before they make a request or contribute to the conversation. If the matter is urgent and requires immediate attention, the child or teenager—regardless of gender—should seek permission by politely saying: “Excuse me for interrupting, but may I...?”

When an adult asks a child or teenager a question, they should respond politely rather than abruptly. It is important to teach them that answering with a shrug, raised eyebrows, or a dismissive head nod is impolite. Speaking in a harsh or blunt tone is equally inappropriate, as good manners dictate that communication should always be respectful and considerate. When interacting with family members, classmates, neighbours, or people of any age in their community—whether younger, older, or the same age—children and teenagers should always be courteous. Winning the respect and affection of others depends largely on the way one communicates. Speaking rudely, using offensive language, or resorting to insults and name-calling is not only a sign of poor upbringing but also reflects a lack of cultural and intellectual refinement. A person who speaks harshly often demonstrates an unpleasant vocabulary and an inability to engage meaningfully with others. This principle is beautifully expressed in the Quran, where Allah Almighty states: “Had you been cruel or hard-hearted, they would have certainly abandoned you.” (Surat Aal-E-Imran, 3:159)

Children have the right to respond to any insult or hurtful remark directed at them, but they should do so politely, without showing anger or aggression. Maintaining composure while standing up for oneself reflects good manners and adheres to the principles of respectful conversation.

Just as children expect others to listen attentively and genuinely engage in conversation with them, they must also learn to speak clearly and with composure. Good speech etiquette requires proper pronunciation, fluency without stammering, and maintaining direct eye contact with the person they are addressing. Looking into the speaker’s eyes, rather than glancing down at their shoes, hands, or staring at the ceiling, is a sign of confidence and sincerity.

Additionally, children should be taught not to cover their mouths with their hands while speaking, as this can muffle their voices and make it difficult for others to hear them. They should also maintain a moderate speaking volume—not too loud, as it can be disruptive, and not too soft, as it can be frustrating for listeners who must strain to hear.

Children must learn never to talk with food in their mouths. They should first chew and swallow their food before responding to others. If someone asks them a question while they are eating, they should wait until they have swallowed before answering.

Unfortunately, this fundamental rule of etiquette is often ignored, even by well-known public figures. Many actors and media personalities appear on television or in films speaking while their mouths are full, even though television and cinema are among the most influential forms of entertainment for teenagers and young adults.

If your children see such scenes, take the opportunity to point out that this behaviour is inappropriate and unpleasant. Explain to them that speaking with food in one’s mouth is not only impolite but also unappealing and should never be imitated in real life.

Prioritizing Others Before «I»

A key principle of politeness is prioritizing others when telling a story or recounting an event. For example, instead of saying «I and my mother,» one should say «My mother and I.» Similarly, it is more appropriate to say «My grandmother, my grandfather, and I» rather than «I, my grandmother, and my grandfather.»

Using «What?»

Sometimes, we may not hear or understand a word or phrase during a conversation. In such cases, it is important to avoid responding with a blunt «What?» Children should be taught to say «Excuse me?» or «Pardon?» instead. A more polite way to ask for clarification is: «Could you please repeat that?» This applies if they did not understand or hear what the other person said.

Avoiding Side Conversations

When in a group setting, children should learn that it is impolite to have a private conversation (or a side conversation) with just one person while others are present. Speaking in a way that excludes others—whether by whispering, using inside jokes, or speaking in a way that others do not understand—is considered disrespectful.

It is always best to discuss topics that everyone in the group can engage with and contribute to. If a child or teenager needs to share a private message with someone, they should wait until they are alone with that person. If the matter is urgent and cannot wait, they should politely excuse themselves and step aside for a moment before speaking privately.

Choosing Words Carefully

Speaking without thinking about the consequences of our words can be seen as careless and thoughtless. To prevent this, children must be taught the importance of being mindful of what they say, ensuring that their words do not exceed their understanding or spread false or inaccurate information. Spreading rumours or misinformation can damage their credibility in the eyes of others. A well-known lesson illustrating this is the classic story of “The Boy Who Cried Wolf,” which many of us heard as children. It serves as a reminder that dishonesty and exaggeration can lead to losing people’s trust.

Keeping Secrets

Children should learn the importance of keeping secrets and not sharing them with others. When someone entrusts us with a secret and asks us not to reveal it, it is a sign of trust and friendship. Teaching children from an early age that disclosing others’ secrets is unwise helps them develop integrity and reliability. Before confiding in someone, it is essential to know them well and ensure they are trustworthy and capable of keeping a secret.

Avoiding Gossip

Speaking about others or criticizing their behaviour—especially when they are not present—is never acceptable, regardless of whether they are children or adults.

If we hear “gossip” about someone, we should discourage it and remind others that it is inappropriate to discuss or criticize people behind their backs. Proper etiquette requires us to speak positively about others. When we do so, we earn the respect and friendship of those around us, and people will naturally be drawn to us.

The Importance of Good Behaviour

Chapter Three

Upbringing and Good Behaviour

Children often believe that politeness is merely an adult requirement that won’t benefit them much. That’s why parents and teachers must work hard to instil the principles of politeness, good behaviour, and etiquette in children—and to help them understand that these noble values represent a way of life that will ultimately bring them great rewards. After all, everyone loves, respects, and appreciates a polite person, and such behaviour opens doors to success. Etiquette is essentially a collection of refined actions, words, and courteous behaviours that can endear us to others, help us overcome challenges, and enable us to reach the pinnacle of success in our academic, professional, and social lives.

If academic qualifications are considered a passport to achieving one’s dreams, then etiquette is one of the key fundamentals to success. A person who does not abide by the rules of the society in which they live will struggle to integrate and interact with others. Even worse, doors may be closed in their face, relegating them to the margins of society. There are many examples that illustrate this:

One such example is a student who constantly uses foul language at school. He will eventually be expelled due to his poor behaviour. Consequently, this student will not be well-liked by peers and teachers, who will distance themselves and ostracize him because of his unpleasant conduct.

A second example is a child who lies to his friends. Over time, he will lose his credibility and their trust.. Persisting in such behaviour only results in contempt and neglect from those around him.

Thirdly, consider a scenario where parents send their child to purchase an item from a supermarket, and the child tries to cut into the queue ahead of others who are patiently waiting to pay. This behaviour upsets those who respect the queue and others, putting the child in a difficult situation and earning him reprimands that could have been avoided if he had waited his turn.

Lastly, imagine two adults applying for a job. The first knocks on the office door, waits for permission to enter, and greets the people inside, while the second enters without asking and fails to greet anyone. Which candidate do you think will be received more favourably? Naturally, the first person is much more likely to secure the job.

We all participate in various social rituals that shape our behaviour and interactions. Collectively, these customs form what we call politeness, etiquette, good manners, and social decorum. These codes of conduct facilitate communication between individuals, foster harmony within society, and establish guidelines on what is acceptable and what is inappropriate in certain situations. They also define social responsibilities, particularly in interactions between men and women. Moreover, these etiquette rules often help determine an individual’s social standing, following the principle that «ignorance of etiquette and protocol reflects a lack of education.»

Certain behaviours serve as fundamental pillars of social interaction, and everyone should be aware of them, practice them, and pass them down to their children to ensure they become ingrained habits. Let’s explore some of these behaviours in detail.

Socially Unacceptable Behaviours

There are many behaviours that are considered socially inappropriate, and it is important to make children aware of them from an early age to prevent them from developing bad habits. These actions can indicate a lack of proper manners, and parents should take an active role in correcting them. It is important to note that the order in which these behaviours are presented is random; no one behaviour is necessarily worse than another. However, children should be taught to avoid all of them. If a child deliberately engages in such behaviour, appropriate consequences should be enforced to reinforce the importance of good manners.

Coughing and Sneezing

When coughing, we should cover our mouths with the palm of our open hand. Using a halfclosed fist or fingers spread apart is not sufficient to prevent the spread of saliva droplets. Ideally, we should cover our mouths with a tissue and dispose of it in a trash bin afterward. It is well known that airborne droplets can contain germs, which is why proper hygiene is essential. It is not advisable to suppress a sneeze, but we must take care that our actions do not affect others especially if we are ill with a cold or the flu. One of the politest ways to sneeze is to cover our mouths with our hands and apologize immediately afterward. If any saliva escapes, it is completely unacceptable to wipe our hands on our clothing, a napkin, or, even worse, our sleeve. Instead, the proper approach is to discreetly excuse ourselves, wash our hands in the restroom, and dispose of any nasal secretions as necessary.

Yawning

When we feel the urge to yawn, we should cover our mouths with our hand and close it to avoid making an unpleasant sound or directing our breath toward others. Children should be taught this habit early on, helping them understand that the inside of their mouth is not necessarily the most appealing part of their body to display. By the time a child reaches the age of five, they should learn to control their yawns, unlike younger children, who may still be allowed to yawn freely.

Burping and Passing Gas

During children’s parties, some children may find it amusing to compete in burping contests after drinking large amounts of soda. These burping rounds often lead to laughter and jokes among children—and sometimes even among parents.

If a child or teenager finds this behaviour funny, they should be taught that it is inappropriate in social settings. If they feel the need to burp, they should cover their closed mouth with their hand and politely say «Excuse me.» They should also turn their head away to avoid directing their breath toward others.

When it comes to passing gas, opinions among parents vary. Some believe that a child or teenager should try to prevent it by contracting the relevant muscles and clenching their buttocks, while others argue that suppressing gas is unhealthy. In any case, the best advice is for the child or teenager to discreetly excuse themselves and move to a private space—ideally, a restroom—before releasing it.

One should never assume that passing gas will be silent or odourless, as unexpected and unpleasant surprises can occur. If a child or teenager cannot leave the room or go to the restroom for any reason, they may follow the old rule: “A cough can mask the sound of gas,” but the smell, unfortunately, often remains beyond control.

Dental Hygiene

Teenagers should learn that using their fingers or nails to remove food particles stuck between their teeth is never acceptable. Instead, they should use a toothpick (a tooth-cleaning stick) or a toothbrush for this purpose. If they are in a public place or visiting someone’s home, they should not clean their teeth in front of others but should excuse themselves to the bathroom or a private area. At home, they can use a toothbrush or dental floss for proper oral hygiene.

Nose Picking

It is completely natural for young children to explore their noses with their fingers once they discover this part of their body. However, allowing them to continue this habit as they grow older is unacceptable. When children attempt to do this, they should be stopped and reminded that it is inappropriate. Seeing someone pick their nose is unpleasant, and it becomes even more unhygienic when young children put their fingers in their noses and then into their mouths or wipe them on their clothes.

Parents should teach their children that nosepicking is completely unacceptable and encourage them to use tissues instead. Keeping tissues within easy reach allows children to clean their noses hygienically rather than resorting to picking.

Blowing the Nose and Clearing the Throat

People often find it unpleasant and irritating when someone constantly sniffs, loudly clears their throat, or repeatedly blows their nose— especially those who make deep, harsh sounds, snort their mucus, or swallow it. Even worse are those who spit on the ground or in public spaces.

Parents should make it clear to their children that these behaviours are inappropriate and unhygienic. They should explain that tissues exist specifically for collecting mucus and clearing the nose. Under no circumstances should nasal secretions be expelled at the dining table, and children should never be allowed to do so. Instead, they should be politely asked to step aside or excuse themselves to the restroom. If stepping away is not possible, they should handle the situation as discreetly and quietly as possible.

We all know that children are naturally curious, but they must be taught that after blowing their noses, they should not inspect what is in the tissue. Instead, they should immediately dispose of it in a trash bin or flush it down the toilet and wash their hands afterward.

Spitting

Spitting is undoubtedly one of the most unpleasant and offensive behaviours. Children who develop this habit should be immediately corrected, reprimanded, and, if necessary, disciplined to prevent them from repeating it. Spitting on the ground is considered disrespectful in all societies and should never be tolerated.

Scratching in Public

Everyone experiences occasional itching for various reasons, which is entirely normal. However, repeatedly scratching oneself in public — especially in an aggressive manner or while making loud scratching noises in certain areas—can be inappropriate and unpleasant. Children should be taught not to scratch themselves while eating, as it is particularly impolite. For instance, scratching the ears excessively, as if searching for something inside, is unacceptable. Some adults also engage in habits such as scratching their heads, hair, or ears using a pen or a key, which sets a poor example for children. When it comes to scratching below the waist, children should learn self-control. If they truly cannot resist, they should excuse themselves and go to a private area to relieve the discomfort. Additionally, they should always be reminded to wash their hands afterward.

Nail Biting

Nail biting is a highly undesirable habit that should be discouraged from an early age. As children grow older, they should be made aware that biting their nails is not only an unpleasant habit but also a potential health risk, especially if their hands are dirty. Bacteria and germs can be easily transferred from under the nails to the mouth, leading to infections.

Parents may not always succeed in stopping this habit immediately, but there are now special products available in pharmacies that can help discourage children from biting their nails.

Chewing Gum

Chewing gum is often seen as an unrefined habit, particularly among children, teenagers, and even some adults. It is widely regarded as disrespectful, especially when speaking with others. This is why most schools, universities, institutions, and workplaces that uphold high standards of professionalism prohibit gum chewing during working or academic hours.

Chewing gum in public is not only inappropriate but also a sign of poor manners—particularly when a child or teenager blows bubbles and pops them in front of others, which can be disruptive and irritating.

If a teenager is permitted to chew gum for a specific reason—such as while on an airplane, during a trip to the mountains, or to ease minor digestive discomfort—they should do so quietly and without making noise, keeping their mouth closed at all times. When it’s time to dispose of the gum, they should throw it into a trash bin. If a bin is not available, they should wrap the gum in a piece of paper, place it in their pocket, and dispose of it at the nearest available trash can.

Under no circumstances should gum be discarded in a toilet, in ashtrays, or stuck under desks, chairs, or seats—whether in school, a restaurant, or a waiting room. The best habit to instil in children is to ensure they dispose of their gum in a trash bin before leaving home.

Whistling

Whistling is generally frowned upon in many societies, and people often view those who do it with disapproval. It is considered an inappropriate way to attract attention, express admiration, or show discontent. Parents should teach their children to avoid this habit, as it is widely regarded as impolite. Moreover, adults should also refrain from whistling, especially in front of their children, to set a good example.

Discussing Inappropriate Topics at Unsuitable Times

Many children and teenagers take pleasure in making inappropriate remarks at the dining table, often bringing up topics such as insects, illnesses, or other unpleasant subjects that can be off-putting and spoil the appetite.

Parents should not encourage this behaviour by laughing or even smiling at such remarks. Instead, they should firmly remind their child that discussing such topics at the table is inappropriate and must stop—especially if they are a guest at someone else’s home or if there is a guest present at their own family’s table.

Additionally, children and teenagers should be taught to avoid making inappropriate comments in public places. For example, they should not loudly announce that they are going to the restroom, complain that their food is not tasty, or make insensitive remarks about another person’s appearance or disabilities. Comments such as “That person has a deformity” or “That girl is ugly” can be hurtful, offensive, and embarrassing for those around them.

Hat Etiquette

Children and young adults should remove their hats upon entering a building, whether it is their own home, a friend’s house, a restaurant, a movie theatre, or a classroom. This rule is especially important before sitting down to eat, as removing one’s hat is a sign of respect and good manners. Such a gesture serves as a mark of distinction, separating a well-mannered individual from someone lacking in politeness.

Chapter Four

Etiquette at Home

The Etiquette: From Childhood to Adolescence

Everyone agrees on the importance of practising good manners and etiquette outside the home, but they sometimes overlook the need to uphold the same standards within the household, as if it were less significant. However, the issue goes beyond this.

The family is a small community where children learn politeness, courtesy, and good morals. What they absorb at home inevitably reflects in their behaviour outside the home.

Instilling good manners in young children through home education contributes to a structured and respectful family environment, reinforcing harmony and mutual respect within society.

Etiquette at Home

• I listen to my parents.

• I keep my belongings organized.

• I make my bed.

• I listen to music without disturbing others.

• I complete my schoolwork without needing reminders.

• I help with household chores.

• I do not eat in my bedroom.

• I inform my parents if I want to invite friends over.

• I do not let the water run unnecessarily.

• I turn off the lights when I leave a room.

• I clean the toilet after using it and ensure the bathroom is tidy after bathing.

• I avoid excessive phone use.

• I put my belongings in their proper place

• I make sure not to cause accidents by leaving objects on the floor.

• I do not fight with my siblings.

• I do not respond rudely to my parents, elders, or anyone in general.

• I do not enter a room with a closed door without asking for permission.

Etiquette with the Elderly

• I maintain a respectful distance with older individuals, except for family members who have permitted familiarity.

• I offer my seat to elderly people on public transportation.

• I am helpful and considerate toward older individuals.

• I avoid pushing them or engaging in any behaviour that may frighten them with aggression or provocation.

• I never mock or make fun of an elderly person.

• I value and pay attention to the advice of older generations.

• I listen attentively when an elderly person speaks to me.

• I engage with seniors in both old and new games.

• I respect their past and experiences.

• I am honest with them and never take advantage of their vulnerabilities.

• I do not argue with elderly individuals

• If I can assist an elderly person, I do so without hesitation.

• I encourage my peers to show kindness and empathy toward older individuals.

• I study history to learn about the achievements of past generations, especially the history of my own country.

• When playing, I make sure not to disturb elderly individuals.

• I ensure that seniors can read my lips when speaking to them, as they may have difficulty hearing.

• I assist them in learning new technologies.

• I respect their choices and decisions.

An elderly person holds a position similar to that of your parents, grandparents, or any close family member, and should always be treated with respect and consideration for their age. Older individuals often serve as role models—if they exhibit admirable qualities, we should strive to learn from them and follow their guidance. However, if their behaviour is not exemplary, we should still respect them without imitating their actions.

The elderly often find joy in engaging with younger generations. Therefore, they should never be ignored or ridiculed, even if they sometimes tend to repeat themselves or recount the same stories multiple times.

Spending time with older individuals is both beneficial and enjoyable. They possess a wealth of knowledge and life experiences that can be valuable to us, and their conversations are often interesting and insightful. Additionally, they appreciate well-mannered children and tend to avoid those who are disrespectful.

It is also important to remember that one day, you too will grow old. When that time comes, you would certainly not want to be mocked or treated with disrespect by a child or teenager.

Trespassing on Others’ Belongings

Private property refers to everything a person owns, from land, a house, or a car to a wristwatch, a pen, or even a toy that belongs to a young child. As soon as a child begins to understand the world around them, they should be taught the concept of personal property, the importance of respecting it, and the need to avoid trespassing or using things that do not belong to them without permission.

When children learn this principle from an early age, they grow up understanding the value of respecting others’ belongings while also defending their own rights to their property.

A child or teenager should learn not to enter private property without permission and not to use anything that does not belong to them without asking the owner first. If they take or use something intentionally or unintentionally, they should apologize to the owner and promise not to repeat the mistake.

Respecting Your Neighbours

It is important to teach children the value of peace and quiet—not only at home and school but also when playing outside. Disturbing the neighbours by shouting, yelling, or playing ball between houses— sometimes leading to broken windows or lost balls in private yards—can be disruptive. Similarly, riding motorcycles at high speeds and creating excessive noise can be particularly bothersome, especially if there is an elderly person, a sick individual in need of rest, or a student preparing for exams who requires a quiet environment to focus and study.

• When you want to talk to a friend who is far away, do not shout. Instead, walk closer and speak in a calm voice.

• If you want to listen to music, do not turn up the volume on the radio or speaker—whether you are at home, in the car, or near a swimming pool. Enjoy your music privately, as others may not want to listen to it. The same rule applies to the television volume.

• When in a movie theatre or any public place where silence is expected, do not speak loudly with your friend sitting next to you. If you must talk, do so in a low voice to avoid disturbing those around you.

• If you live in an apartment building, try to walk quietly inside your home, and avoid playing ball or engaging in activities that could disturb the neighbours living in the unit below

Etiquette of Being a Good Neighbour

Today, most people live in apartments within multi-story residential buildings, unlike our parents and grandparents, who lived in standalone houses that were somewhat distanced from one another. Shared living spaces in apartment buildings and residential complexes require greater consideration for neighbours compared to the past. Now, our walls are directly adjacent to our neighbours’ walls, and the floor of one apartment serves as the ceiling of the apartment below. Additionally, modern residential buildings have shared spaces and facilities used by all residents, such as staircases, elevators, rooftops, building entrances, and parking lots.

In other words, the old neighbourhoods that once consisted of dozens of separate houses have been replaced by apartment buildings housing dozens or even hundreds of people under one roof. For this reason, it has become essential for parents to teach their children the principles of good neighbourliness and to follow these rules themselves, setting a positive example for both their children and their neighbours’ children.

When living in an apartment within a residential building, we must adhere to the following rules:

• Avoid running, shouting, or speaking loudly in hallways, corridors, or on the stairs.

• Do not litter; dispose of waste properly instead of throwing chip bags, candy wrappers, chewed gum, paper scraps, or other trash on the ground.

• Keep music volume at a reasonable level and avoid playing it too loudly.

• Do not play in the elevator or use it unnecessarily for amusement.

• Avoid having long conversations from one balcony to another.

• Refrain from making rude remarks, mocking neighbours or their children, or gossiping about their habits, clothing, or behaviours. Always respect others› choices and ways of living.

• Do not peek through a neighbour’s partially open door out of curiosity to see or hear what is happening inside their home.

Children should be taught to:

• Walk instead of running inside the apartment or building.

• Close doors gently rather than slamming them.

• Remove their shoes upon entering the apartment to avoid disturbing neighbours in the lower floors while walking.

• Keep noise to a minimum. Over time, it becomes easier to learn the routines of neighbours and when they are away from home. During these times, it may be acceptable to listen to music at a slightly higher volume.

• Offer assistance to elderly residents and pregnant women in the building in various ways.

• Smile at neighbours and greet them with a polite nod when meeting them.

• Inform neighbours and seek their permission if planning to host a gathering at home that may extend beyond 10:00 PM.

• Respect shared spaces such as entrances, staircases, and hallways by keeping them clean.

• Play calmly and without pushing or aggressive behaviour in the building’s garden or playground, if available.

• Supervise children playing on balconies to prevent toys from falling onto a neighbour’s head. This rule is particularly important when children are playing with water.

When the Doorbell Rings:

• When the doorbell rings, the child should get up and open the door rather than leaving it to their parents, grandparents, or any elderly family member living with them.

• Before opening the door, it is always advisable to check through the peephole to see who is at the door as a safety precaution.

• Upon opening the door, the child should greet the visitor politely and inquire about the reason for their visit, especially if the person is a stranger.

• If the child is home alone or only with younger siblings and their parents are not present, they should not open the door. Instead, they should speak through the door, ask what the visitor needs, and politely request that they return when a parent is home.

• If the visitor is a trusted relative or close family friend, the child may open the door, greet them, and inform them politely if their parents are not home. If the parents are present, the child should invite the guest into the living room, then go and inform their parents while closing the guest room door behind them.

• When informing their parents about a guest’s arrival, the child should do so in a calm and soft voice rather than shouting.

• If there are guests in the house, children should be taught to behave quietly and respectfully. Running, jumping, shouting, misbehaving, or being overly informal with guests is inappropriate. Visitors observe children’s behaviour and often judge the quality of their upbringing based on their manners.

Phone Etiquette

• When making a phone call, a teenager should first introduce themselves before asking to speak with the person they wish to contact. For example: “Good morning, this is Samir. May I speak with Nadim, please?”

• If the person they are calling is not available, they should politely ask when they can call back or leave a message. In either case, they should remember to thank the person who answered the call and say «Goodbye» before hanging up.

• Teenagers often tend to monopolize the phone for hours, which is not appropriate. There may be an important or urgent call trying to reach the household, only to find the line constantly busy. It is essential to remind them that the telephone is a tool meant to facilitate communication and fulfil necessary tasks, not a device for endless chatter, gossip, or socializing over the phone.

• Respecting others’ comfort is essential when making phone calls. Calls should not be placed before 8:00 AM or after 10:00 PM, nor should they be made during mealtimes unless there is an urgent matter or an emergency. The best time to call is generally between 5:00 PM and 7:00 PM.

• When calling someone, allow the phone to ring six or seven times to give the person enough time to answer.

• If we realize too late that we have dialed the wrong number, we should not ask, «Who is this?» Instead, it is better to say, «Am I speaking to [X]?»

• Children should also be taught to answer the phone politely. The usual way to respond is by saying «Hello» or «Yes, hello.» If the call is for someone else in the household, they should say, «One moment, please,» rather than just «Wait a minute.»

• If a child is too young to properly answer the phone, they should not be allowed to do so. Keep the phone out of their reach, as nothing is more frustrating for a caller than being answered by a two-year-old playing with the phone or picking up the receiver and leaving it on the table with the line open.

Spending Too Much Time in the Bathroom

Children should learn early on that the bathroom is a shared space for all family members in many households. Certain essential rules must be followed:

Respect the turn order – If others are waiting, the child should wait patiently unless they have an urgent need. Priority should be given to family members who need to leave the house early in the morning. Children should be reminded not to stay in the bathroom for an extended period, whether for bathing or other needs. As mentioned earlier, the bathroom is a shared space in most homes, and it should not be occupied for unnecessary activities such as playing with water, making soap bubbles, or simply relaxing in the bathtub.

If a child intends to stay in the bathroom for more than ten minutes, they should first ensure that no one else urgently needs to use it. Ideally, homes should have more than one bathroom to help alleviate this issue.

Respecting Others Privacy

Living in a home comes with responsibilities, just as living in society does. One of these responsibilities includes respecting the rights of those we live with, particularly their need for privacy and peace.

• A fundamental rule of good manners is to respect others’ privacy, especially that of family members. This means always knocking on the door before entering another person’s room, the bathroom, or any closed space in the house. When adults practice this habit, children naturally observe and learn to do the same.

• Parents and other adults in the home should also knock before entering a child’s or teenager’s room as a sign of respect. If permission is granted, they may enter; if not, and the child responds with an apology, they should respect their privacy and walk away.

• Teenagers often act as if they are dealing with major problems. It is important to teach them that others are not obligated to tolerate their likes and dislikes and that they have responsibilities just as they have rights. For instance, while everyone has the right to enjoy their own music or entertainment, they must also respect others› need for quiet. This means lowering the volume of the radio, stereo, video games, or television. If the noise becomes too disruptive, they should be asked to use headphones.

Using Shared Devices

An increasing number of children and teenagers have their own entertainment devices in their rooms, such as televisions, audio systems, CD players, computers, and video games. However, many families still follow the principle of sharing these devices among all household members. In such cases, children must learn that living within a family and society requires some form of sharing. To prevent feelings of frustration, deprivation, anger, or even sadness, parents should establish clear household rules for using shared devices. These rules should ensure that every family member has the

opportunity to use the device they want without infringing on others’ rights to do the same. The amount of time allocated for using these devices should be determined based on age and purpose. For example, a child using the internet to complete a school assignment should not be considered as engaging in leisure activities. On the other hand, if parents allow their child to use the computer because they are sick with a cold and staying home from school, they should still ensure that their sibling has a chance to use it in the evening.

Learning How to Stay Organized

Children should be taught from an early age how to organize their belongings and understand the benefits of doing so. It is important for them to realize that keeping things tidy reflects self-respect, consideration for others, and care for their environment. When a child gets used to the habit of organization, it will greatly benefit them in the future, helping them become successful and efficient in life. By learning to organize their clothes, books, and papers, they will also develop the ability to manage their schedules, tasks, and time effectively as they grow older. Parents should not be surprised if their child, during adolescence, exhibits a lack of organization or indifference toward tidiness. This phase will eventually pass, and they will likely return to the habits they learned as children. Parents should explain to teenagers that disorganization leads to chaos and that every family member should contribute to maintaining order in the home—or at the very least, keep their own room and belongings tidy, including their clothes and toys. They should also clarify that by following this simple daily routine, everyone will be able to find what they need without turning everything upside down. Young children, for example, may not always understand the consequences of leaving small cars, dolls scattered on the floor, but they will be more mindful if

they are told that their toys could be damaged if left out and accidentally sucked into the vacuum cleaner.

To make tidying up an easy and even enjoyable task, parents should: Install a clothes rack in the child’s room once they are old enough to hang their clothes themselves. Provide storage boxes for toys, encouraging children to place them inside after playing. Teach children to remove their shoes upon entering the home to keep it clean and store them in a designated place or a box near the entrance for easy access when going out.

Ideally, children should learn to put away their belongings and toys immediately after using them, clean their bedrooms every night before bed, and tidy up in the morning upon waking up. They should also be taught to return items such as bread, butter, yogurt, and other used items to their proper places and help clean the dining table after meals.

If a child repeatedly ignores their parents› instructions and avoids responsibility, parents should firmly insist that they follow through with their assigned tasks.

Tasks a Child Can Do Independently

Once a child reaches a certain age, they should be encouraged to develop independence by handling some responsibilities on their own, such as:

• Preparing their own breakfast and cleaning the table after finishing their meal.

• Putting leftover food away and disposing of empty containers in the trash or the designated recycling bin.

• Replacing a damp towel in the bathroom with a clean, dry one and placing dirty towels and undergarments in the laundry basket.

• Replacing an empty toilet paper roll with a new one.

• Making their bed after waking up and before going to school, even if they do so with little skill at first.

These tasks, along with other responsibilities, help a child become more independent in the future, fostering personal growth, skill development, and a sense of responsibility that prepares them to handle life’s challenges.

Asking for Permission

Children should always be taught to ask for permission from their parents before inviting friends over for a visit, a meal, or a sleepover. Similarly, they should also seek their parents’ approval if they receive an invitation to visit a friend’s house, have a meal there, or spend the night. As parents, we should explain—kindly yet firmly and rationally— why a request might be denied. A child must learn to accept rejection without complaining, understanding that not everything they ask for can always be granted and that life does not always go as we wish.

Just as there is a «yes,» there is also a «no.». Seeking permission is not limited to these situations—it applies to many other aspects of life where children need to ask their parents before making decisions.

Reprimanding a Child

When a child needs to be reprimanded for inappropriate behaviour, it should be done privately, without the presence of strangers or even close relatives.

The first step is to help the child understand that their behaviour was unacceptable, harmful to them and the family, and should not be repeated in the future.

Children must understand that family matters should remain private and should not be shared with neighbours, friends, or even extended family members. What happens at home should stay within the home.

There is much truth in this old Eastern proverb that says:«It is impolite to reprimand someone in front of others.»

If parents scold their child in front of their friends or older relatives, the child may feel humiliated and embarrassed. If this happens repeatedly, the child may experience a loss of self-confidence, which can negatively impact their self-esteem in the long run. However, this does not mean that parents should avoid correcting a child’s mistakes or holding them accountable. Instead, when addressing a child’s behaviour, it should be done privately and in a respectful manner.

Chapter Five

Dining Etiquette and Table Manners

The dining table has its own set of manners and behavioural rules distinct from other social settings. This type of etiquette is known as «table manners.» It is essential for parents to start teaching their children these manners from a young age—once they are capable of sitting with their family at the table, handling utensils, and eating independently. At the dining table, a person’s politeness, etiquette, and refined behaviour become evident. These qualities not only leave a positive impression on others but also open many doors, especially in the future—whether during a business lunch or dinner, a formal social gathering, or a personal or family event.

The dining table is a place where families gather three times a day at home for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. However, meals are not limited to home dining. People may eat alone, with their families, with friends, or even with strangers in various places—other homes, restaurants, cafeterias, or even outdoors during picnics and barbecues.

Mealtime is not just about eating—it is often a time for friendly conversation, exchanging ideas, and discussing important matters, including work-related topics and other subjects. Ideally, these discussions should contribute to an enjoyable dining atmosphere, stimulate the appetite, and strengthen bonds of love, affection, and friendship among those at the table. It is highly inappropriate to bring up sad, unpleasant, or disgusting topics during a meal, as such discussions can spoil the appetite. Likewise, it is inadvisable to engage in controversial debates that could lead to arguments or disputes. The dining table holds a special level of respect that should always be observed and maintained.

Table Manners

Before sitting at the table, diners should:

• Ensure that their clothes, hands, nails, and shoes are clean.

• Wear modest and appropriate attire that respects public decorum.

• Remove any hat or sunglasses.

• Wash their hands thoroughly and use the restroom beforehand to avoid having to leave during the meal.

• Avoid petting any animals nearby with their hands.

If dining at home, it is courteous to help parents lay the table before the meal and clean up afterwards. To do this properly, one should first confirm the number of people who will be dining and then set the appropriate number of plates, napkins, knives, forks, and spoons, ensuring that all utensils are clean and properly placed. Similarly, if invited to a friend’s house for a meal, it is polite to offer assistance in laying the table and cleaning up afterwards. This small gesture will be greatly appreciated by the host, especially if done voluntarily.

However, one should always be mindful of the customs and traditions of the household and respect the cultural norms of the community.

When it comes to arranging tableware properly, it is important to place the knife to the right of the plate and the fork to the left, ensuring that the fork’s prongs face upwards. The dessert spoon can either be positioned horizontally above the plate or brought out when dessert is served. As for the soup spoon, it should be placed to the right of the knife, though its presence varies depending on cultural traditions and dining customs.

A simple way to visualize the arrangement of tableware is by imagining a clock face. The fork should be positioned where the number nine would be, while the knife should be at the three o’clock position. The drinking glasses, which typically include one for water and another for juice, are placed at the twelve o’clock position. The water glass should be larger than the juice glass and positioned to its right. The napkin may be placed on the plate or neatly folded inside an empty glass as a decorative touch. Other elements can also be placed on the table, such as a breadbasket containing pre-sliced bread, as it is considered more appropriate to use a knife rather than tearing bread by hand.

A water jug, along with salt, pepper, and other condiments, should also be within reach. Additionally, heat-resistant pads can be placed under hot dishes to prevent damage to the tablecloth. Once everything is properly arranged, the table is ready— bon appetit!

Sit up straight while eating and avoid resting your elbows on the table. This is a common rule of etiquette, and you will likely hear it often—just as we did when we were young.

Before serving yourself, it is polite to first offer bread or water to others at the table. Once that is done, wait for the host or hostess to serve the meal before helping yourself. It is considered impolite to begin serving food before the person in charge of the meal has done so.

Always remember to thank the person serving you, and do not start eating until everyone at the table has been served and is ready.

The customary phrase «Please, help yourselves» is often used to invite guests or family members to begin eating. Typically, the host or the eldest member of the household says this phrase when the meal is a family gathering. However, there is nothing wrong with you saying it as well or using other welcoming expressions as a gesture of politeness, hospitality, and confidence, even if you are young. It is important to remember that speaking with food in your mouth is inappropriate.

If you wish to say something, wait until your mouth is empty so that others can understand you clearly and are not put off by the sight of partially chewed food. If you would like to have a second serving of the main course, wait until everyone has had their share before politely asking if you may take more, expressing that the meal is delicious. This compliment will surely be appreciated by the host. Finally, do not forget to thank the person who prepared the wonderful dishes.

In summary, always remember to:

• Help your parents set the table.

• Be careful not to spill anything.

• Wash your hands before sitting at the table.

• Politely ask for the water, salt, or bread to be passed to you, and always remember to thank the person who helps you.

• Do not interrupt someone who is speaking.

• Sit up straight and avoid rocking your chair.

• Keep your elbows off the table.

• Taste the food before saying you don’t like it.

• Never put your fingers in your nose.

• Use a napkin to wipe your hands and mouth.

• Use a knife and fork to cut your food.

• Do not drink directly from the bottle.

• Avoid burping.

• Refrain from arguing or fighting with your siblings at the table.

• Never speak with your mouth full.

• Contribute to the conversation in a calm and respectful tone.

• Help clean the table after the meal.

• Ask for permission before leaving the table.

• Always thank your mother for preparing the delicious meal.

Restaurant Etiquette

When dining at a restaurant with your family or another family, your behaviour should differ slightly from how you act at home. A restaurant is a public place where you will be surrounded by strangers and served by staff you do not know. The menu will also offer a variety of dishes that may differ from those your mother prepares at home. For these reasons, your conduct should be more refined, polite, and mindful than it would be in a familiar setting.

• First, leave the decision of choosing the restaurant to your parents or the hosts, unless they ask for your opinion. Restaurants vary in price and quality—some are expensive, others are moderately priced, and some are more affordable. It is polite not to interfere in this decision, as the host knows their financial situation best and will choose accordingly.

• Upon entering the restaurant and taking a seat at the table, allow your parents, older relatives, or hosts to select the dishes unless you are specifically asked for your preference. However, if you follow a vegetarian diet or have dietary restrictions, it is acceptable to express your needs.

• Always behave politely toward those dining with you as well as the restaurant staff. Remember that people around you, even strangers, may notice your manners and conduct, so be mindful and responsible in your actions.

• If there are elderly guests in your group, assist them in entering the restaurant and seating themselves. Avoid choosing a seat for yourself; instead, wait for your parents or the hosts to assign seating, especially if the table is not round. Additionally, do not sit down before those older than you have taken their seats.

• If you have questions about certain dishes on the menu, ask politely—either by consulting your parents, the host, or the waiter responsible for your table.

• During your meal, remember to follow proper etiquette, as doing so will make those around you proud of your behaviour.

• If you are dining in an outdoor seating area of the restaurant and wish to play with other children after finishing your meal, you should first ask for permission from your parents. Before doing so, make sure to visit the restaurant’s restroom to wash your hands and mouth. If your parents do not allow you to go to play, accept their decision gracefully without arguing and maintain a positive attitude. They may have reasons that you do not yet understand due to your young age. Be especially careful not to run between the restaurant tables, as this will disturb other diners, who may see your behaviour as rude and disruptive. They may even assume that your parents have failed to teach you proper manners. As mentioned earlier, a restaurant is a public space, not a playground. People come here to enjoy their meals in peace and comfort, as well as to engage in pleasant conversations in a relaxed setting.

• When you finish your meal and prepare to leave, express your gratitude by thanking your parents or the hosts. Do not forget to greet the waiter who served you and acknowledge the restaurant staff at the entrance, as they may ask if everything was satisfactory before bidding you farewell.

Proper Seating Etiquette at the Dining Table

• When sitting at the table in a restaurant, try to lift the chair slightly and slide it back rather than dragging it across the floor, as this can be disruptive to diners nearby.

• Once seated, maintain an upright posture by resting your back against the chair. Keep your legs close together and avoid stretching them forward, as this could be uncomfortable for others at the table.

• When seated at the table, maintain an upright posture and avoid slouching. Do not rest your head in your hands or place your elbows on the table.

• Avoid rocking your chair while seated at the dining table, whether you are at a restaurant, at home, or as a guest elsewhere. This behaviour is generally seen as improper and disruptive, making a negative impression on those around you.

• You may rest your forearms gently on either side of your plate, at wrist level. If one of your hands is unoccupied while eating, you may place it on the table, but in a polite and natural manner.

• Do not begin eating until the older members at the table have started their meal. It is customary for the host or the father of the family to give the signal for everyone to begin eating, often by inviting the guests or family members to enjoy their meal with a warm expression of hospitality.

Etiquette for Using Utensils and Tableware

• The utensils and tableware on the dining table are not toys. They should never be used for playing or fidgeting while waiting for food, nor should they be used to gesture during conversations or to scratch the table.

• Be mindful of sharp utensils and avoid pointing them toward yourself or others to prevent accidents.

• If you need to hand a knife to someone, always present it by the handle, never by the sharp blade.

• Each utensil is designed for a specific purpose and should not be misused. For example, it is considered improper to use a meat knife to cut fruit or cheese, just as it is inappropriate to use a jamspreading knife to cut meat or fish. Mixing utensils in this way may alter the taste of the food and create an unpleasant dining experience for others. The same rule applies to all other dining utensils.

Using Table Utensils Properly

Before the age of four or five, children are allowed to eat in a way that feels natural to them. However, after reaching this age, they should be taught how to properly use utensils. The best way to do this is by demonstrating correct table manners in front of them and guiding them patiently, even if it requires effort and repetition.

• Children should be taught to hold a fork or spoon between their index and middle fingers, with the thumb resting on top for control.

• When handling a knife, they should avoid gripping it with a closed fist, as if it were a weapon. Instead, they should hold it midway along the handle, ensuring the blade points downward while the index finger rests on top for stability.

• It is important not to pressure children into mastering these skills in just a few days. Be patient, overlook minor mistakes, and gently correct them each time. Over time, they will naturally learn to handle a fork, spoon, and knife with ease.

• Once they become comfortable using utensils, they should also learn how to arrange plates and glasses at the table. Parents can explain why they should start with the outermost plate first and demonstrate these rules consistently, as children learn best by observing.

• To encourage slow and mindful eating, ask children to place their fork, spoon, or knife down between bites, allowing them to chew their food thoroughly. When they finish eating, they should place their utensils neatly on the plate rather than leaving them scattered.

• Children should also be reminded never to use a knife to pick up food and put it in their mouth, as this can be dangerous. Instead, they should always use a fork for that purpose, while the knife is only for cutting food.

• It is important to teach children not to tap utensils against plates or clink them together, as this can create disturbing noise for others at the table.

• Additionally, they should be guided not to stab food with a fork and bite off pieces, but rather to place the entire bite-sized portion in their mouth and chew properly. If a piece of food is too large, they should be taught how to cut it into smaller sections using a fork and knife.

• Proper etiquette also includes taking small bites by guiding food into the mouth with the lips, rather than making any noisy or disruptive sounds while eating. Utensils should never be banged against the teeth while taking a bite.

• Children should be encouraged to bring the fork or spoon up to their mouth, rather than leaning down toward the plate, ensuring that no food falls in the process.

Etiquette for Using Bibs and Napkins

When a child is still young and has not yet mastered the use of utensils, it is important to have them wear a bib or apron to prevent their clothes from getting stained by food or liquids while eating. Over time, as they grow older, they may start refusing to wear a bib, believing that they are now mature enough to be treated like adults who do not wear bibs at the table. In such cases, it is important to explain to the child that once they stop wiping their mouth and hands on their clothes or the tablecloth and learn how to use utensils—such as the spoon, fork, and knife—with steady hands that can bring food to their mouth without spilling, they may begin eating independently like adults. However, they should still place a napkin either on their chest or across their lap while eating. Once they finish their meal, they should

use the napkin to wipe their mouth and hands gently, then fold it neatly and place it beside their plate rather than throwing it carelessly onto the table. While eating, they should be taught to dab their mouth or hands gently with the napkin. If the napkin becomes stained, they should fold it with the soiled side facing up and the clean side against their clothes before resting it on their lap again.

• When guests visit the home, whether they are relatives or unfamiliar visitors, children should be taught not to reach for or take food from the serving plates intended for guests. This behaviour is considered inappropriate and impolite, reflecting a lack of proper manners. If a child insists on reaching for food from a plate intended for guests, causing embarrassment to their parents, a simple solution is to provide them with a small, separate plate containing a portion of the same food. They can then enjoy their treat privately or in the kitchen without disrupting the gathering.

• Children should also be gently taught how to share when a communal dish is placed in front of them, such as a bowl of popcorn, a plate of sweets, or a platter of fruit. They must understand that monopolizing the dish, crying, yelling, or pushing siblings away from it is unacceptable behaviour. Instead, they should learn that sharing is an expression of love and kindness within the family and among friends. A child should be encouraged to treat others the way they would like to be treated, as this will earn them the affection and preference of those around them.

• Additionally, children should be taught to eat quietly and respectfully. They should avoid making loud crunching sounds when eating crispy foods or slurping beverages through a straw, as such habits can be disruptive and unpleasant for others at the table.

• When a child or young person is seated at a shared dining table with others—whether they are family members or guests, young or old—they should be mindful of their manners. If they wish to take food from a dish that is far from their reach, they should not stretch their body across the table, as this may inconvenience others. Instead, they should politely ask someone closer to the dish to serve them a portion on their plate, or request that the dish be passed to them. After serving themselves, they should return the dish to its place and express gratitude to the person who assisted them.

• When dining as a guest in someone else’s home, it is important to avoid making negative comments about the quantity, quality, or flavour of the food. If the meal does not meet expectations, politeness dictates that they should remain silent and eat respectfully.

• Children should also be taught never to lick their plate once they have finished eating, as this is considered highly improper.

• They should wait for food to be served to them rather than reaching for it themselves. However, if they are invited to serve themselves, they should take a moderate portion and avoid choosing the largest or most appealing piece of meat from the main dish.

• It is also essential to take moderate-sized bites and chew food thoroughly without making noise. Avoiding large mouthfuls is not only a sign of good manners but also prevents the impression of excessive greediness. Additionally, taking smaller bites allows for easier conversation—if spoken to while eating, they can quickly swallow their food and respond without the discomfort of speaking with a full mouth, which can be unpleasant and unseemly for those around them.

• When eating, avoid pushing food onto the fork with your fingers. Instead, use a knife to assist in gathering food onto the fork.

• Some foods can be eaten with the hands because they are difficult to handle with utensils. These include grilled chicken, potato chips, artichokes, sandwiches, sushi, and other similar foods.

• Often, large serving spoons and forks are placed beside appetizer plates, soups, and main dishes, each designated for serving a specific type of food. These should never be used to serve other dishes. If a table is missing such serving utensils, it is polite to discreetly inform the host or the person in charge in a respectful manner.

• When spreading butter on bread, it is always best to break the slice into smaller pieces first. Apply a thin layer of butter to one piece, eat it, and then prepare the next one. Additionally, it is advisable to place a small portion of butter on the edge of the plate at the beginning of the meal so that there is no need to repeatedly cut more from the main butter dish

• It is well known that soup is always served very hot. Therefore, it is acceptable to wait a little before eating or to gently blow on the contents of the spoon to cool it down—but without making any noise—to avoid burning the tongue. However, it is impolite and inappropriate to blow directly on the bowl of soup.

• While sipping soup, one should avoid making any noise as far as possible.

• The spoon should not be filled completely with soup but rather taken in moderate portions.

• Children should be reminded never to make negative comments about the taste of the food, especially when dining at someone else’s home. If they dislike the meal, they should remain polite and refrain from expressing dissatisfaction, as it would be embarrassing for both their parents and the host. This is particularly true if their remarks contain sarcasm or criticism. Instead, it is always more appropriate to express gratitude and offer kind words of appreciation to the hostess, even if the food is not to their liking.

• It is also considered highly inappropriate to eat directly from a communal serving dish, whether it contains salad, soup, appetizers, or any other type of food.

• It is also inappropriate to dip a piece of bread or cake directly into a main dish.

• Similarly, placing olive pits or fruit seeds directly on the dining table is considered impolite. Instead, they should be placed in a small, designated dish or discreetly set aside on one’s own plate after finishing the meal.

• If, for any reason, a diner needs to remove a piece of food from their mouth, this should be done discreetly, without drawing attention. The best way to do this is to cover the mouth with a napkin, remove the food silently, wrap it in the napkin, and dispose of it in the nearest trash bin.

• Drinking water or juice directly from the bottle or pitcher is considered bad manners. It is always preferable to pour the beverage into a designated glass before drinking.

• It is also recommended not to add salt, pepper, or any seasoning to food before tasting it, as this may appear disrespectful to the chef or host.

• When eating pasta or spaghetti, one should not cut it with a knife. Instead, it should be broken into smaller pieces using the edge of a fork, particularly for varieties like ravioli and cannelloni. As for long pasta like spaghetti, it should be twirled around the fork with the help of a spoon. Unfortunately, many people find this technique difficult and do not use it, despite it being the only formally accepted method.

At the End of the Meal

In some families, children are required to ask for permission before leaving the table after finishing their meal. In others, this rule may not be emphasized unless the meal is being shared outside the immediate family. However, as a general rule, it is always considered polite for child, teen, or young adult to request permission before leaving the table—a child, teen, or young adult to request permission before leaving the table—especially when dining at a friend’s house or a restaurant. This small gesture leaves a positive impression on the host and those present.

It is always important to thank the person who prepared the meal and to express appreciation for their effort. Children should develop this habit at home by thanking their parents for the delicious food, as this is the least they can do as a sign of good manners and respect.

When leaving the table, it is polite to gently push the chair back into its place, preferably by lifting it slightly to avoid making noise. This small gesture demonstrates consideration and respect. Moreover, when everyone returns their own chair, it helps keep the dining area neat and organized, while also reducing the burden on one person to tidy up afterward.

As teenagers become more engaged in social life, they begin to realize that not all people are the same. The neighbour may have dark skin, the shopkeeper may be overweight, the blueeyed girl at the sports club might not speak Arabic because she is from a different country, a classmate may use crutches due to a childhood illness, their mother’s friend might use sign language because she is deaf and mute, and the bus driver who takes them to school may be completely bald. There are also the rich and the poor, workers and ministers, tall and short individuals, young and old, male and female— each with their own unique characteristics.

Age, race, gender, skin colour, language, religion, or physical and mental disabilities may differentiate people, but they do not define their worth or make them any less human. It is essential to treat everyone with kindness, respect their individuality and beliefs, celebrate their joys, support them in difficult times, and offer help when they need it. In essence, we should follow the golden rule: «Treat others how you would wish to be treated.»

• Show kindness to the young and respect for the elderly.

• Interact with the opposite gender with politeness, respect, and dignity.

• Do not look at people with disabilities with pity or mock them; treat them as equals. They do not wish to be seen as different.

• Be a good neighbour, maintain family ties, and assist the poor, the needy, and the elderly.

• Respect both public and private property.

• Accept constructive criticism with an open heart, and apologize when you make a mistake—admitting faults is a virtue.

• Follow proper etiquette when entering and leaving homes.

• Observe the rules of greeting and courtesy—a younger person greets an elder first, a standing person greets someone who is seated, a passerby greets those standing, and a smaller group greets the larger one.

• Respect the traditions and customs of your own society, as well as those of other cultures you visit, live in, or work with.

• Do not discriminate against people based on their background, ethnicity, or gender.

• Never mock a friend, colleague, or anyone based on their appearance, race, colour, disability, or any physical condition.

In summary: «Good character builds great men—and great women too.»

The esteemed Prince of Poets, Ahmed Shawqi, eloquently captured the essence of good character in his verses:

«The foundation of your affairs lies in morals, so refine your soul with virtue, and you shall find balance.»

«When a nation›s morals decay, Mourn them with sorrow and lament.»

«Nations thrive as long as morals endure, But when morals perish, nations do too.»

Etiquette During Adolescence

«A crisis… but it will pass.»

«A phase that all parents struggle with.»

These are common phrases we often hear from parents or relatives who have teenage children and frequently find themselves in constant conflict with them.

Adolescence is indeed a challenging period—not only for teenagers but also for their parents. Sometimes, even the simplest tasks, such as washing hands, completing homework on time, tidying up a room, or choosing appropriate clothing, can become points of contention between parents and their children.

During this phase, maintaining a reasonable level of politeness and respect is crucial, as it fosters a dialogue based on mutual understanding and consideration. It is essential to avoid pointless arguments that often escalate into heated disputes, pushing the teenager into isolation and cutting off communication with their parents. This is why reinforcing etiquette and good manners during this period plays a vital role in encouraging positive and respectful interactions between parents and their adolescent children.

Etiquette and the Habit of Lying

Etiquette can help you develop honesty— because there is no benefit in lying. Nothing is more damaging than someone discovering that you have lied; at that moment, you will lose the trust of those closest to you. In fact, the first person you deceive when you lie is yourself.

Strive to avoid this harmful trait and refrain from making false claims. No matter how much effort you put into hiding the truth, it will eventually come to light. When that happens, friends will distance themselves from you, relatives will lose trust in you, and even when you do tell the truth, people may no longer believe you.

Lying always leads to problems. On the other hand, telling the truth, even when it may not be in our favour, earns us respect, appreciation, and even forgiveness from others. Adults especially value the effort a child makes to be truthful, as honesty reflects courage and integrity.

• A child should be raised never to lie and should always tell the complete and unaltered truth. It is best to encourage children to admit the truth on their own, as others will inevitably discover it in the end. Instead of resorting to punishment, it is more beneficial to explain their mistake and offer guidance, motivating them to continue being honest and avoid lying.

• Around the age of six or seven, a child begins to understand the concept of lying. Before this age, they may avoid telling the truth without full awareness. A child does not start feeling guilty about lying until they are between six and eleven years old. It is crucial not to label a child as a liar when they conceal the truth, as this can have negative effects on their personality development in the future. Instead, it is more effective to try to understand the reasons behind their dishonesty.

• Teenagers may lie for various reasons—sometimes to gain friends or to seek attention from family and relatives. When they lie for these reasons, they often believe that it enhances their social standing or makes them more respected. In this case, it is essential to explain to them that their positive traits and skills are what truly earn them admiration, not dishonesty.

• A teenager may also lie out of fear of punishment for something they have done or to cover up a responsibility they failed to fulfil. They must understand that lying is pointless because the truth will eventually surface, exposing them to even greater consequences.

• Additionally, a child may lie to get what they want. In such situations, they should be taught that this is not the right approach and that open communication and discussion are the proper ways to express their needs and desires.

Etiquette and Fashion

The term «fashion» is generally used to describe the style and trends in clothing that people wear in a particular country during a specific period. Fashion often reflects socially accepted behaviour within a society. In some cases, fashion trends—especially in clothing and accessories—become traditions passed down from one generation to another. However, fleeting fashion trends that emerge and disappear quickly are referred to as «fads». Most people do not favour fads and tend to reject excessive changes in fashion styles.

Teenagers, in particular, may choose to follow current fashion trends, but they should keep in mind the following guidelines:

• If you wish to keep up with fashion, there is nothing wrong with that, as long as you avoid excessive attention-seeking. Anything that is taken to an extreme loses its charm and value and may even make you the subject of ridicule.

• If you believe that copying the fashion choices of celebrities, whether they are actors, athletes, or politicians, will elevate your social status or make you their equal, you are mistaken.

• The key to looking good and making a positive impression is not in chasing the latest fashion trends but rather in keeping your clothing simple, elegant, tidy, and clean— this combination brings both admiration from others and personal satisfaction.

• Matching clothing pieces and colours is essential and serves as the foundation of elegance.

• Choosing the right attire for the occasion and time is crucial. For instance, wearing jeans to a formal evening wedding or attending a job interview in casual clothes would be inappropriate.

• Avoid wearing low-waist trousers that expose undergarments, as this is considered indecent and inappropriate.

The nature of one’s school or workplace determines the appropriate dress code. Students, for example, should wear the uniform required by their school. If no uniform is mandated, they should opt for neat, modest, and appropriate clothing. Likewise, individuals working in formal settings like a bank should adhere to professional dress codes that reflect authority, respectability, and professionalism. The same etiquette applies to both men and women, whether in school or any other setting.

Etiquette and Theft

Stealing is a disgraceful act that is punishable by law. Taking someone else’s belongings without permission is unethical and prohibited by both religious and legal principles. For example, even taking a classmate’s pen from their bag without asking is considered theft.

A thief is widely despised, not only by society but even by their own family. Whether one steals something small or valuable, both acts are considered theft, and the person who commits them will inevitably be labelled a thief. As a result, people will distance themselves from them, and even friends and family may turn away. Moreover, in the future, they will struggle to find a job or earn people’s trust—unless they change their ways and prove their honesty.

Concealing theft is also a condemnable act. Every responsible citizen should report any thief to the relevant authorities if they are certain of the wrongdoing. If you have ever committed such an act unintentionally, you must immediately return the item to its rightful owner and apologize. Most people will forgive you and trust you again if you show honesty and regret.

Etiquette and Neighbourly Relations

Neighbours include the families living on the same floor as yours, in the same building or complex, or within your residential neighbourhood.

A neighbour has certain responsibilities towards their fellow neighbours, which include: treating them with kindness, refraining from causing them harm, and tolerating their shortcomings.

Respecting their privacy, refraining from intrusion, and safeguarding their personal information are fundamental aspects of good neighbourly relations. Additionally, offering help to their family in their absence when needed demonstrates kindness and solidarity within the community.

• Avoid parking your car in a way that blocks your neighbour’s entrance or exit.

• Ensure that no water leaks from your home into theirs.

• Prevent unpleasant odours, such as those from drains, from disturbing your neighbours.

• Keep noise levels reasonable; do not play the television or radio too loudly or host late-night parties. Your neighbour or a family member may be ill or preparing for an important exam.

• Respect shared spaces in the building by maintaining cleanliness and avoiding misuse for personal gain.

• Refrain from disruptive behaviours such as playing ball in common areas, ringing doorbells unnecessarily, or honking car horns, especially at night or during rest hours. Being kind to one’s neighbour means wishing them well just as you would wish for yourself. The closest neighbours, in terms of physical proximity, have an even greater right to goodwill and support. Some of the key responsibilities of a good neighbour include greeting other neighbours first and maintaining brief yet respectful conversations, visiting them when they are sick to offer comfort, and expressing condolences in times of loss. It is also important to congratulate them on happy occasions, forgive their mistakes, and overlook minor annoyances.

• If you borrow something from your neighbour, return it clean and express your gratitude.

• Always accept a neighbour’s gift, regardless of its value, as rejecting it out of pride can create unnecessary tension.

• Foster good relations among neighbours by preventing conflicts and promoting harmony within the community.

• Do not write on your neighbour’s walls, especially inappropriate or offensive messages.

• Avoid trespassing on or encroaching upon your neighbour’s property.

• Refrain from mocking your neighbour based on their financial status, lack of education, appearance, clothing, home, or children. Such behaviour reflects poor upbringing and a lack of good manners.

• Avoid envy, as jealousy is a negative trait. Do not take pleasure in your neighbour’s misfortunes; instead, wish them well. This will foster goodwill and strengthen your relationship with them.

Etiquette in the Cafeteria

When you go to the school cafeteria for a meal or a drink, remember that the staff working there to serve and clean the tables are employees of the school, just like teachers and administrators. These cafeteria workers take care of you during lunch, much like a parent would at home.

The cafeteria is usually busy during lunch hours, making it challenging for staff to carry out their duties efficiently. Therefore, it is important to treat those preparing and serving your meals with kindness and respect. Greet them when you see them and thank them when they serve you. There are also small gestures you can do to make their work easier, such as returning your tray to the designated area, not leaving food or trash on the table, and pushing your chair back in place after finishing your meal.

When leaving the cafeteria, smile and thank the staff. If you particularly enjoyed a meal, do not hesitate to compliment the cook—it will make their day and give them a sense of fulfilment. The most important aspect of cafeteria etiquette is expressing gratitude to those who serve you. If you practice these small acts of kindness, you will feel a sense of comfort and happiness.

Etiquette with School Janitors

When you arrive at school in the morning, you find the classrooms, lecture halls, labs, hallways, sports fields, administrative offices, restrooms, and other areas of the school clean and well-organized. Who is responsible for this work? It is the school’s janitors and cleaning staff—those unseen individuals who ensure that we have a clean and healthy environment in which to study and learn. It is our duty to treat them with kindness, compassion, and respect.

• When you encounter a janitor at school or even outside of it, greet them with respect.

• Do not litter by throwing papers or empty cans on the classroom floor, playground, or sports field, and avoid sticking chewing gum under desks or chairs. There are designated trash bins in every classroom, hallway, and sports area for proper disposal.

• Always keep your desk and storage drawer clean.

• Avoid staining the floor or desks with ink or scribbling on them.

• Maintain your school’s cleanliness just as you would your home.

Etiquette in Public Places

Public places, as the name suggests, are spaces accessible to all people, regardless of their backgrounds, ages, or professions. These places include parks, sports arenas, hospitals, places of worship, schools, universities, government offices, swimming pools, beaches, cinemas, theatres, zoos, and many others.

In public spaces, every individual must adhere to general etiquette rules specific to each location. Personal freedom should not come at the expense of others’ well-being, safety, or comfort. For instance, while we have the right to speak freely, it does not entitle us to shout in a way that disturbs others. Each public setting has its own set of behavioural expectations. For example, while running and playing in a public park is acceptable, doing so in a hospital is not. Different spaces impose different social behaviours that should be respected.

• I respect public places and maintain their cleanliness.

• I respect the well-being and privacy of every individual.

• I only play in designated areas.

• When playing in the park, I ensure not to harm anyone.

• I remain quiet in hospitals, places of worship, waiting rooms, and cinemas.

• I avoid running in areas where young children are present to prevent accidents.

• I do not speak in a loud voice.

• I give up my seat for the elderly and pregnant women.

• I wait my turn patiently in a queue.

• I dispose of papers, empty cans, and chewing gum in the trash bin.

• I do not spit on the ground.

• I always speak with politeness and respect.

• I follow the rules and consider others› feelings.

• I turn off my mobile phone in places where its use is prohibited.

• I do not walk or play on garden flowers.

• I do not pick flowers from public gardens.

Street Etiquette

• I do not talk to strangers without a valid reason.

• I do not accept anything from strangers.

• I do not follow anyone.

• I do not play on sidewalks.

• I do not leave marks or write on walls.

• I do not point at people with my finger.

• I do not look at others with contempt.

• I do not push others aggressively.

• I apologize if I accidentally bump into someone.

• I do not use items that do not belong to me without permission.

• When walking on the sidewalk, I step aside to allow an elderly person, a person with disabilities, or a mother pushing a stroller to pass.

• I respect traffic signals and only cross the street at designated pedestrian crossings.

Car Etiquette

Riding in the car with your parents may not always be exciting, as they often ask you to keep quiet, avoid moving too much, or keep the window closed, while you might have plenty to say or do. However, it’s important to understand that a car is a great means of transportation, but driving requires skill and full attention. Therefore, you should remain calm in the car and avoid distracting the driver with too many questions or unnecessary distractions unless absolutely necessary.

Safety is always the top priority inside the car. Unfortunately, many accidents happen due to negligence, such as not wearing a seatbelt properly, the driver using a phone while driving, or looking for items like documents, a wallet, or a map, which can take their focus off the road.

Here is a list of behavioural norms and good manners for children and teenagers to keep in mind while travelling by car, in order to prioritize safety and a harmonious atmosphere between drivers and passengers.

Etiquette when Travelling by Car

• Open the car door for elderly passengers.

• Sit calmly in your designated seat.

• Do not speak too loudly in the car.

• Do not scream when you see something unusual outside.

• Do not throw gum or papers out of the window.

• Do not interrupt conversations of those older than you.

• Avoid singing too loudly.

• You may read, write, or draw if you can do so comfortably.

• You may listen to music, but only with earphones.

• You may listen to the radio in the car, but only after getting approval from all passengers.

• You may talk to another passenger, but in a low voice.

• You may have some candy or drink water.

• You may talk to the driver, but only when they are ready for a conversation.

Public Transportation Etiquette

• Greet the driver and passengers when boarding the bus.

• Ensure there is an available seat.

• Do not place your feet on the seats.

• Do not throw food or drink waste on the floor; dispose of them in designated trash bins.

• Do not listen to music without using earphones.

• Offer your seat to an elderly person if no other seats are available.

• Assist elderly passengers when getting on or off the bus.

• Avoid making excessive noise, especially when traveling with friends.

• Do not rush onto the bus in a disorderly manner.

• Do not push other passengers while boarding or exiting.

• Sit quietly and avoid drawing unnecessary attention to yourself.

• Do not write or draw on the seats or seatbacks.

Key behaviours to avoid on Public Transport

• Speaking loudly.

• Pushing people aggressively.

• Attempting to avoid paying the fare.

• Talking on the phone at a high volume.

• Disrespecting the elderly and pregnant women.

• Smoking.

• Disturbing passengers with inappropriate gestures or comments.

Etiquette of Punctuality

Being punctual reflects self-discipline and respect for others› time. Teaching children the importance of time management from an early age helps them develop responsible habits, such as arriving at school on time and returning home promptly after classes.

It is also crucial to explain that keeping others waiting is inconsiderate and that lateness can sometimes have serious consequences.

Etiquette for Visiting Friends

• When planning to visit a friend at their home, always call at least a day or two in advance to arrange a suitable time. If the visit is urgent, it is best to call a few hours ahead and ask for permission before arriving

• Avoid visiting a friend early in the morning, especially on weekends or holidays, unless they have explicitly stated that it is acceptable.

• Upon arriving at your friend’s house, ring the doorbell once briefly and wait for a response. It is considered rude to ring the bell multiple times, as there may be elderly family members, sleeping children, or someone who is unwell inside. If there is no doorbell, knock gently on the door a few times.

• If the door happens to be open and no one responds to the bell or knocking, do not enter the house without permission, even if the family is close to you.

• If it seems like someone is home but they are not answering the door, respect their privacy and refrain from insisting. They may have personal reasons for not opening the door, which should be acknowledged with understanding.

• If parents allow their child to spend the night at a friend’s house— with prior approval from both families—it is essential that the child behaves with utmost politeness. They should show respect to the host family, keep their sleeping area tidy, and express gratitude for the hospitality. Demonstrating good manners will leave a positive impression, increasing the likelihood of being invited again in the future.

• If a teenager is invited to a party or a birthday celebration, it is thoughtful and polite to bring a small gift for the host or the person being celebrated. Likewise, if you are the ones organizing a party for your child, consider preparing small gift bags for the young guests, which can be distributed during games or competitions to add a fun and memorable touch to the event. If your child is invited to spend a day with a friend’s family, go on a camping trip, or enjoy a seaside vacation, be sure to provide them with a box of snacks or an adequate amount of pocket money—not only to cover their personal needs but also to allow them to buy a small gift for their friend as a gesture of appreciation.

Etiquette of Greetings

As previously mentioned in this book, greetings are a fundamental aspect of etiquette and social conduct that every individual should adhere to as part of their daily interactions. The basic rule of politeness dictates that the person who is walking should greet the one who is seated, the rider should greet the pedestrian, the standing person should greet the one who is sitting, men should greet women first as a sign of respect, and the young should initiate greetings with the elderly. While the form of greetings varies across cultures and traditions, the underlying principle remains the same: expressing respect and courtesy. One of the most universally recognized forms of greeting is the handshake—a common gesture of politeness and goodwill among people across the world. For this reason, it is essential to teach children from a young age the proper way to shake hands and the significance of this gesture in social interactions.

• When shaking hands, extend your right hand straight toward the person being greeted, maintaining eye contact and offering a light, polite smile. Accompany the handshake with a commonly accepted greeting that aligns with the cultural norms of the society you live in.

• The handshake should be firm yet gentle, avoiding a limp or weak grip while also ensuring that it is not excessively strong. Teach children that the purpose of a handshake is not to crush the other person’s hand or to shake it endlessly, but to apply a gentle yet confident pressure and release it promptly.

• Encourage children to adhere to traditional handshaking etiquette and avoid adopting unconventional or trendy handshake styles that do not align with proper decorum and social etiquette.

Etiquette of Sitting

When sitting, one should maintain an upright posture with the back straight and pressed against the backrest of the chair, head held high, and feet flat on the ground. Stretching one’s legs forward or adopting a slouched position, especially in formal settings such as a classroom or during a visit to someone’s home, is inappropriate.

It is also considered impolite to sit on a chair that is turned backward, with its backrest facing forward. Children and teenagers should be taught that a relaxed sitting posture is only acceptable at home, and even then, it should be avoided when guests are present or when sitting in the presence of parents as a sign of respect.

Etiquette of Opening and Closing Doors

• When entering or exiting a home, office, or any other place, if you are the first to go through the door and others are with you—whether you know them or not—it is courteous and in line with etiquette to hold the door open until everyone has passed through. This small gesture will surely earn you appreciation and gratitude.

• Upon entering a home, office, room, or bathroom, always close the door behind you gently and without making noise, using the door handle or knob. There may be someone sleeping, a child resting, a person who is unwell, or a student studying or preparing for an exam, and slamming the door could disturb them.

Etiquette of Walking on the Sidewalk

• When walking on the sidewalk, always try to stay on the side furthest from the street, ensuring a safer and more considerate path.

• If you are walking with friends and someone approaches from the opposite direction, make room for them by adjusting your position—either by stepping slightly behind or ahead of your companions—so they can pass comfortably.

• If you want to look at shop window displays while walking on the sidewalk, stay close to the storefront to allow others to pass freely.

• When walking with a friend or relative, avoid speaking loudly, as it may disturb those around you.

• It is considered inappropriate to eat a sandwich or ice cream while walking on the sidewalk, as there are designated places for such activities.

• If you need to overtake someone walking slowly, always do so from the left side. Be mindful of elderly individuals, pregnant women, young children, and people carrying heavy bags or items.

• Always walk with your head up and eyes looking forward. Avoid constantly looking around, as this may cause you to bump into others, potentially knocking over an elderly person or a child.

• When walking in public spaces, such as pedestrian sidewalks, always observe proper etiquette, respect traffic signals, and adhere to crosswalk rules when crossing the street.

Queue Etiquette

Waiting in a queue—whether at a movie theatre ticket booth, a bakery, a supermarket, or any other location—can be frustrating and tedious, especially for those who have not yet learned to respect turn-taking, practice patience, and adhere to proper etiquette and courteous behaviour.

• Respect the turn of others just as you expect yours to be respected.

• Avoid pushing others or glaring at them with frustration or anger.

• Maintain a reasonable distance between yourself and the person in front of you.

• It is always a noble gesture to give up your place for an elderly person or a woman, as this act will be met with appreciation and gratitude, reflecting your kindness and chivalry.

• Never attempt to cut in line, as doing so will likely result in unpleasant remarks from others. Learn that following order and discipline ultimately saves time rather than causing chaos where everyone tries to move ahead of the other. Order brings efficiency and mutual respect, while disorder wastes time and leads to unnecessary conflict.

Etiquette on Stairs

• Always keep to the right side when ascending or descending stairs.

• Avoid sliding down the stairs or skipping multiple steps at a time. Keep in mind that elderly individuals, women, and young children use the stairs too, and reckless behaviour could put them at risk.

• Pushing and shoving on the stairs, whether at school or in an apartment building, is inappropriate and can lead to accidents. When using the school stairs, always walk in an orderly manner,

• one behind the other, ensuring you do not step on the heels of the person in front of you.

Elevator Etiquette

• A young person should learn to be courteous and chivalrous when using the elevator, ensuring that elderly individuals, women, and young children are given priority when entering, exiting, ascending, or descending.

• It is respectful and proper not to initiate conversation with an older person in the elevator unless they start speaking first. Additionally, it is important to avoid speaking with women or girls unnecessarily, to show respect by lowering one’s gaze, and to refrain from uttering meaningless words, inappropriate remarks, or singing. The elevator is a shared public space that demands mutual respect and decorum.

• In the event that the elevator malfunctions while ascending or descending, or if there is a power outage, it is essential for a young person to remain calm and reassure the other passengers, demonstrating patience and composure until the issue is resolved.

• When entering or exiting the elevator, always keep to the right side, just as you would when using stairs. Avoid rushing or pushing others to enter or exit. Allow those inside to step out first before you enter. Similarly, if you are already inside, step aside to let older individuals, women, and children exit first before making your way out. The same principle applies when entering.

Etiquette on Public Transport

Parents should always consider bringing illustrated magazines, picture books, or small video games to keep their children entertained when traveling by bus, train, or airplane. This helps keep them occupied and prevents them from disturbing other passengers, the driver, or flight attendants.

• It is courteous for a child, teenager, or young adult to remain in their designated seat while traveling on a bus, train, or airplane. They should avoid wandering through the aisles unnecessarily, as this can inconvenience other passengers. Movement should be limited to essential reasons, such as going to the restroom.

• Proper etiquette dictates that children should not be allowed to scream, play loudly, or engage in arguments inside the passenger cabin. Parents should also remind them not to litter on the floor of the vehicle, as there are designated disposal areas for waste.

• It is equally important to teach children to be polite to others on public transport. If they misbehave, they should be encouraged to apologize and ensure they do not repeat the action.

• When using shared transportation, children should be taught—once they reach a certain age—to offer their seat to an elderly person, someone with a disability, or a pregnant woman. They should also be cooperative if someone requests to switch seats, whether to be closer to a window or an exit.

• When on a bus, train, or airplane, passengers should lower the volume of their music so that only they can hear it or use headphones to avoid disturbing those around them.

• Teaching children the importance of wearing a seatbelt from an early age is essential. They should also understand the reasons for this safety measure. Additionally, they must be reminded never to stick their heads or hands out of the car or bus window for their safety.

Etiquette in Cinemas and Theatres

• Teenagers should learn to remain silent and respectful throughout a movie or theatrical performance. They must refrain from making unnecessary comments, criticizing scenes, or joking, as this disrupts other viewers. If a scene is humorous, it is acceptable to laugh, but they should also know when to stop and not overdo it.

• Children and teenagers should be taught that resting their feet on the seat in front of them while in a cinema, theatre, or any other public space is highly inappropriate, even if the seat is unoccupied.

• If a young person needs to leave their seat during a film or play for an important reason, they should do so swiftly and discreetly, apologizing to those seated in the same row. The same courtesy should be extended upon their return.

• It is entirely unacceptable to eat a full meal while watching a movie or play. Cinemas and theatres are not dining areas, and one should wait to eat outside. However, if a child, teenager, or even an adult wishes to enjoy a small snack like popcorn or a chocolate bar, they should do so quietly, avoiding any loud crunching that might disturb others.

• If a child is too young to understand the concept of sitting quietly and watching a film or play, they should not be brought along, as their noise, crying, or restless movements could disrupt the experience for others.

Additional Tips for Cinema Etiquette

• Stand patiently in line to purchase your ticket without pushing or shoving.

• Enter the theatre and take your assigned seat quietly and respectfully.

• Avoid speaking loudly during the screening.

• Dispose of waste, such as paper or chewing gum, in designated trash bins rather than throwing it on the floor.

• If your view is obstructed by the person seated in front of you, politely ask them to sit slightly lower.

• Refrain from wearing a hat in the cinema.

• When the movie ends, leave the theatre calmly and without creating unnecessary noise.

Beach Etiquette

During holidays, you may have the chance to go on a trip with your family. The beach is a wonderful place to have fun with your siblings or friends. It offers a space for freedom where you can run, play ball, jump into the water, build sandcastles, and even shout loudly. However, this freedom has limits, as other families also visit the beach to swim and relax.

Each family occupies a designated area for the day or a specific period. While enjoying yourself, be mindful not to disturb others who are reading or resting. Here are some useful tips to help you make the most of your beach trip:

• Avoid running between people lying on the sandy beach, as you might scatter sand on them.

• If you need to sit near another family, politely ask if it’s okay before settling down.

• Always greet the people around you with a friendly hello.

• When you want to run or play ball, move away from areas where people are sitting or lying down on the sand.

• Be careful not to disturb young children playing or building sandcastles.

• Do not splash water on others when diving into the sea.

• If your ball accidentally hits someone, apologize immediately.

• When leaving the beach, make sure to clean up after yourself and dispose of any trash in the designated bins.

Etiquette in Stores and Supermarkets

• Enter the store or supermarket calmly, without rushing.

• Greet the security personnel or store staff when you walk in.

• Do not use shopping carts as toys to avoid injuring yourself or others.

• If you need to get through a crowded aisle, politely ask others to make way.

• Avoid shouting or speaking loudly inside the store.

• If you cannot find a product, kindly ask an employee for assistance.

• Always thank the employee assisting you.

• Wait patiently for your turn in line without pushing or complaining.

• If your parents meet acquaintances while shopping, remain patient and do not show signs of frustration.

• Apologize to the salesperson if you accidentally drop an item.

• If you notice an elderly person or a pregnant woman waiting in line, kindly offer them your spot.

• When finishing at the checkout, thank the cashier for their service.

Bicycle Etiquette

• Always ride in the designated direction and avoid cycling against traffic, as it can cause accidents.

• Sidewalks are meant for pedestrians, not bicycles.

• When turning, signal your direction with your hand to alert others. Cyclists must obey traffic signals and avoid weaving unpredictably between cars.

Self-Respect Etiquette

Chapter Seven

Self-Etiquette

• Self-respect means being honest and at peace with who we are.

• When we are truthful with ourselves, we naturally extend that honesty to others.

• Being truthful with people earns their respect and kindness.

• Self-respect involves both mental and physical well-being. Respecting the mind means distinguishing between right and wrong, while respecting the body means maintaining its health, cleanliness, and personal boundaries. True etiquette stems from a balance of both.

• Wise and rational behaviour leads to inner peace and fosters positive interactions with others.

• Taking care of one’s body and maintaining good hygiene contribute to a healthy mind, strengthen relationships, open doors to happiness, and support a successful future.

• A clean mind and body make one more likable and appreciated by others.

• Avoid smoking, alcohol, and stimulants.

• Stay away from bad company and surround yourself with wellmannered individuals.

• Never take medication without a doctor’s approval.

• Engage in regular physical exercise.

• Maintain a balanced diet that includes essential nutrients.

• Develop a healthy routine by sleeping early and waking up early.

• Pay attention to your appearance and clothing, but without excessive concern—what matters most is looking clean and presentable.

• Take good care of your teeth and maintain their cleanliness and health.

• Bathe at least once a day to stay fresh.

• Trim your nails regularly and keep them clean, as they can collect dirt and bacteria.

• Keep your hair well-groomed and tidy with a neat haircut.

• Avoid wearing flashy or overly attention-grabbing outfits; strive for elegance with simplicity.

• Always ensure that your shoes are clean and well-maintained.

Etiquette with Friends

You likely spend a significant amount of time with your friends and classmates—possibly even more than with your family and relatives. Whether studying, playing, going on outings, or traveling together, it is essential to conduct yourself appropriately.

Have you ever asked yourself how you should behave around friends? Should you use polite language when requesting something from them, such as saying «please» when asking for bread or water at a meal? Is it necessary to apply the same level of politeness when asking a friend to return a borrowed book or when requesting to borrow one yourself? The answer to all these questions is a resounding YES!

• Punctuality is essential when meeting your friends.

• If you borrow something from a classmate, make sure to return it on time and in good condition.

Here are some practical tips to help you find the right words and actions that strengthen your friendships and build stronger bonds of respect and camaraderie:

• In the morning, when you arrive at school, greet your classmates warmly.

• If you attend a coeducational school, always allow girls to enter the classroom before you as a gesture of courtesy.

• If you need a pen, eraser, or a sheet of paper, ask politely using phrases like, «Please, may I borrow...?»

• Never mock your friends by calling them unpleasant nicknames.

• When a friend visits your home, offer them a drink or a snack.

• Never insult your friends.

• Do not accuse a classmate of wrongdoing without proof.

• Choose your words carefully if you need to reprimand a friend.

• During a discussion with a friend, remain calm and avoid fights or using offensive language.

• Even if you believe you are right, listen to others and consider their point of view.

• When leaving school, say goodbye to your friends.

Etiquette with the Elderly

• Avoid being overly casual with older people.

• Always be polite and respectful towards them.

• Play with those your own age rather than bothering older individuals.

• When speaking to an adult, use polite and respectful phrases such as:

1 «Please, ma’am.»

2 «Excuse me, sir.»

• When thanking and saying goodbye to an adult, say:

1. «Thank you. Goodbye, ma’am.»

2 «I appreciate it. Goodbye, sir.»

• If you unintentionally disturb an adult, apologize respectfully by saying:

1. «I’m sorry for the inconvenience, ma’am/sir.»

• If you accidentally block someone’s way, apologize by saying:

1 «Oh! Pardon me, ma’am, I didn’t mean to.»

2 «I’m sorry, sir, I didn’t see you.»

• Never speak disrespectfully to someone older than you.

• Show humility when interacting with older individuals and avoid arrogance.

• Never mock an elderly person; remember that one day, you will also grow old.

School Etiquette

• School is the institution where we acquire knowledge and learn proper values. While education has become mandatory in most countries, particularly in early childhood and primary stages, many children around the world still dream of attending school to receive an education. Take full advantage of this privilege, as missed opportunities in education cannot be regained later in life.

• Train your mind to think critically, analyse, and explore different perspectives. This habit will help you choose the right path for your future.

• Your teachers are there to support and guide you. Show them enthusiasm, dedication, and a genuine desire to succeed. Demonstrate that you are a respectful and well-mannered student.

• Do not let your classmates negatively impact your ability to focus in class. Some students may intentionally disrupt lessons, believing that drawing attention to themselves makes them important. They might mock disciplined and high-achieving students with sarcastic remarks. However, such disruptive behaviour often leads to academic struggles and future career difficulties.

• Avoid engaging in irresponsible actions and refrain from laughing without reason.

• Just like your home, your school deserves cleanliness and organization. Always return things to their proper place and treat all school staff with kindness and respect.

• Teachers are among the most significant figures in a student’s life, second only to parents. They work tirelessly to educate students and prepare them to become knowledgeable, responsible individuals. Their dedication should be acknowledged and appreciated, and students should show gratitude and respect while striving to meet their expectations.

Etiquette on School Grounds

While waiting for the school gates to open, stand calmly and avoid arguments or fights.

• Respect the school’s rules and regulations.

• Complete all assignments and daily homework on time.

• Greet teachers, administrators, and classmates politely.

•

• Prepare your school bag the night before to avoid forgetting anything in the morning.

• Stand up respectfully when the teacher enters the classroom.

• Raise your hand before asking or answering a question.

• Pay close attention to the teacher’s explanation.

• If you do not understand something the teacher said, do not pretend you did. Instead, politely ask for clarification.

• Do not imitate disruptive or inappropriate behaviours from classmates.

• Avoid acting foolishly in class.

• Participate in school activities.

• Take care of school equipment and supplies, as they benefit both current and future students.

• Avoid conflicts and disputes.

• Refrain from chewing gum in class.

• If someone bothers you, report it to a supervisor instead of engaging in a fight.

• Do not wear a hat in class.

• Avoid flashy accessories or excessive jewellery.

• Do not use your mobile phone in school.

Supervisor

The supervisor is responsible for maintaining discipline within the school premises, in the playground, and inside the classrooms. At the main entrance of the school, designated individuals ensure that internal regulations are upheld—they are the supervisors. But what exactly is their role? Are they like police officers? Should students be afraid of them? Absolutely not! On the contrary, they are there to assist students in resolving issues, clarify school schedules or activities, and ensure a smooth learning environment. If a supervisor reprimands, corrects, or even disciplines a student for inappropriate behaviour, it is done with the best interests of the student, their classmates, and the school in mind. Therefore, treating supervisors with respect will naturally earn their respect in return. The best way to foster a positive relationship with them is by maintaining good behaviour.

School Principal

Whether inside or outside the school premises, if you encounter the principal, it is essential to greet them politely and respectfully. If they address you—whether offering advice, guidance, or even a reprimand— it is important to listen attentively, acknowledge their words, and accept any criticism with an open mind. As the individual responsible for the entire school, managing a large number of students, teachers, and administrative staff, the principal’s role is both demanding and requires dedication. Therefore, cooperating with them by adhering to school regulations and maintaining good conduct is not only a sign of respect but also contributes to a well-structured learning environment. Ultimately, this benefits students themselves, as the core purpose of attending school is to acquire knowledge, develop character, and cultivate good manners.

Sense of Responsibility

• Teaching children responsibility from a young age is crucial. For example, they should be encouraged to leave their contact information when going out so that their parents can reach them and avoid unnecessary worry in case of delays.

• Sometimes, a child or teenager, whether a girl or a boy, who has been given a certain level of freedom may act recklessly or carelessly, dismissing concerns with remarks like, «What could possibly happen to me?» or «Why all this unnecessary worry? Look at my friend X—he’s even younger than me, yet his family doesn’t question him if he comes home late.» However, teenagers must understand that their parents’ worries are justified. With age comes experience, and their concern is not an attempt to treat them like children but rather a natural expression of care and protection. If a teenager wants to stay out later than planned, they should inform their parents. However, it is always best to return home at the predetermined time.

• A child should learn to complete their school assignments before playing or watching TV. They must understand the importance of fulfilling their responsibilities first, as this earns them the privilege of leisure time.

• It is essential to teach children not to blame others for their own mistakes. They must learn to acknowledge their actions and take responsibility for the consequences. Everyone makes mistakes, and owning up to them demonstrates maturity and integrity. For example, if a child accidentally breaks a glass, they should have the courage to admit it instead of making excuses or shifting the blame. They can also make up for their mistake by helping out with small tasks appropriate for their age. After all, correcting one’s mistakes is a sign of virtue and maturity.

• Children must be made responsible for delivering messages from the school administration or teachers to their parents. Many parents have, by chance, discovered letters in their child’s school bag—letters that had been sent days, sometimes even months, earlier. Teaching children to relay these messages promptly ensures better communication between school and home.

• In general, it is beneficial to encourage children to help others selflessly, simply for the sake of kindness. This could be as simple as assisting an elderly person carrying heavy bags, helping their mother prepare a meal, motivating a friend to complete their homework, or lending a hand to their father in cleaning the car.

From an early age, teenagers should understand that offering help to others without expecting anything in return is a sign of refinement, compassion, and social awareness. The habit of serving others selflessly not only contributes positively to society but also benefits them personally by allowing them to invest their time in meaningful and constructive activities.

Chapter Eight Netiquette

With the advent of the internet and its widespread availability across the globe, specific etiquette rules have been developed for this vast digital world. As we know, internet usage is no longer limited to adults; in fact, children, preteens, and teenagers now engage with it more frequently than adults. For this reason, crucial behavioural guidelines have been established to protect younger users from the potential risks and misuse of this massive web network, which now hosts nearly a billion websites and disseminates vast amounts of information in the form of images, text, and audio. It is essential to provide children with safeguards that prevent them from accessing inappropriate content or falling prey to unethical individuals. The earlier we start teaching children the ethics, behaviours, and etiquette of internet use, the better we can protect them and guide them toward responsible and safe online interactions.

Moreover, it is important to remember that each website has its own set of rules that must be followed to gain access and use its services. Accessing a website is not an absolute right but rather a privilege that can be revoked if a user violates its terms of use.

Basic Principles of Internet Usage

When children start engaging in online chatting, they should be made aware of the numerous risks associated with this form of communication. It is crucial to teach them that there are etiquette rules and guidelines for behaviour on the internet, commonly referred to as «Netiquette»— the code of conduct for online interactions.

Naturally, when sitting in front of their personal computer, a child may feel as though the entire world is at their fingertips, believing that violating certain rules will go unnoticed. However, this is far from the truth. More importantly, young users must understand that adhering to these rules is not just about compliance but also about self-respect and respect for others. Below are some essential guidelines that children and teenagers should follow when using the internet, sending or receiving emails, or participating in online chats:

Chat Etiquette

• When joining a chat room, it is polite to greet everyone collectively rather than addressing each individual separately. A simple «Hello, everyone» is sufficient. Once you become part of a chat group, it is important to follow the group’s established rules rather than attempting to impose your own. As you become a regular member, you may suggest improvements or changes to the group’s dynamics.

• In the absence of a webcam that allows users to see each other’s faces or hear their voices, misunderstandings may arise due to the lack of non-verbal cues. To prevent confusion, it is advisable to use emojis or emoticons that clarify the tone and intent of the message.

• Most chat platforms offer the option of sending private messages to individuals within the group. Before doing so, ensure that the recipient is comfortable with receiving direct messages and has the time to read and respond while still engaging with the group conversation.

• If you are in a chat room with people you know in real life, avoid addressing them by their real names unless they have chosen to do so themselves. Instead, respect their preference for using nicknames or screen names.

Many chat users frequently rely on abbreviations, such as FYI (For Your Information) in English, ama (In My Opinion) in some languages, tlm (For Everyone), or alp (Goodbye) in French.

• Overusing abbreviations should be avoided, as it can make conversations difficult to follow for those unfamiliar with the shorthand. Similarly, excessive use of uppercase letters should be avoided, as it is perceived as aggressive or confrontational, often interpreted as «shouting» in online communication.

Email Etiquette

• When composing an email, always pay close attention to clarity, accuracy, and brevity. Since written words alone convey the message, ensure that your tone is clear and professional to avoid misunderstandings.

Hate emails are strictly prohibited on the internet and are punishable by law. Under no circumstances should anyone send such messages. If you happen to receive one, the best course of action is not to respond and to delete it immediately. Just as it is unethical to read someone else’s physical mail, the same principle applies to emails. If you accidentally open an email not intended for you, close it immediately and apologize to the recipient.

• A crucial rule in email etiquette is never to include anything in an email that you would not write on a postcard. Any information shared via email becomes part of the internet and can potentially

be accessed by unintended recipients, making it vulnerable to hackers and prying eyes.

School Research Etiquette

A crucial piece of advice: Never assume that all the information available on the internet is accurate, reliable, or up-to-date. While the web provides a vast amount of information, it is essential to cross-check facts from multiple sources. It is always advisable to consult additional references such as encyclopedias, academic books, official websites, and government sources.

The Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics

• Do not use a computer to harm others.

• Do not interfere with someone else’s work on a computer.

• Do not access or spy on others’ files without permission.

• Do not use a computer to commit theft.

• Do not use a computer to give false testimony.

• Do not use a computer to cause damage to others.

• Do not use someone else’s resources without their consent.

• Do not steal others’ intellectual property.

• Consider the potential impact of the programs you created.

Positive Expressions for Daily Social Interactions

• Good morning

• Good evening

• Good night

• Have a pleasant evening

• Please (plural/formal) – Min fad�likum

• Please (singular) – Min fad�lik

• Thank you

• Excuse me (plural/formal) – I‘dhrūnī

• Excuse me (singular) – I‘dhrinī

• I sincerely apologize

• May I ask you a favour? (plural/formal) – Arjūkum

• May I ask you a favour? (singular, male) – Arjūk

• After you, please (plural/formal) – Tafadd�alū awwalan

• After you, please (singular, female) – Tafadd�alī awwalan

• After you, please (singular, male) – Tafadd�al awwalan

• Pardon me

• Allow me to introduce…

• Let me introduce myself

• May I help you?

Annoying Behaviours to Avoid

• Picking one’s nose

• Yawning openly

• Burping loudly

• Scratching excessively

• Spitting in public

• Cleaning one’s teeth with a finger

• Biting nails

• Chewing gum in an obnoxious manner

• Pointing at someone while referring to them

• Speaking in a loud voice

• Speaking in a language others do not understand

• Whispering in the presence of others

• Avoiding eye contact while speaking

• Slamming the door shut

• Entering a room without permission

• Failing to introduce oneself when answering the phone

• Interrupting others while they are speaking

• Acting selfishly

• Starting a meal without waiting for others

• Always making yourself the centre of attention

• Pointing at others with your fingers

• Shouting to call someone

• Sneezing without covering your mouth with a tissue

• Mocking others

• Commenting on someone’s physical flaws

• Insulting or verbally attacking others

• Acting aggressively

• Lying

• Always blaming others

• Refusing to admit mistakes

• Calling people during mealtime or late at night

• Urinating in public

• Littering by throwing papers on the ground

Kind and Considerate Behaviours

• Greeting people when meeting someone we know

• Making eye contact when speaking to someone

• Washing hands before sitting at the table

• Asking for permission before taking something that isn’t ours

• Being punctual

• Using proper table manners and utensils when eating

• Expressing gratitude and saying thank you

• Smiling

• Letting others pass before us

• Serving others before serving ourselves

• Avoiding interrupting others while they speak

• Listening attentively when someone is speaking to us

• Giving flowers on special occasions

• Disposing of waste properly in trash bins

• Offering a tissue when someone needs one

• Asking for permission before leaving the table

• Acting with courtesy, politeness, and grace

• Learning to admit mistakes

• Telling the truth even when it is difficult for us

• Helping the elderly

• Avoiding unnecessary or trivial questions, especially when parents are with guests

• Assisting elderly individuals, pregnant women, and young children

• Maintaining cleanliness, dressing neatly, and taking care of our appearance

• Welcoming friends, acquaintances, and relatives warmly

• Having a polite sense of humour

Etiquette Pledge

• I commit to being organized.

• I commit to being tolerant and forgiving.

• I support and encourage others.

• I reject violence in all its forms.

• I strive to learn everything that is beneficial.

• I listen to the advice of responsible adults.

• I actively participate in social life.

• I avoid reckless and irresponsible actions.

• I remain honest with myself, my family, and my friends.

• I respect all people, regardless of their race, colour, or background.

• I pledge to uphold and practice the principles of etiquette