វគ្គបណ្តុះបណ្តាលអំពីគ្ុណភាពនឹងការថែទំនន
Let’s introduce: សូមថននំអំពី
Lucas Jansen លូ កាស ចេនសិន
▪ Floweracademy.nl: courses & training sessions
– Assortment knowledge:
– េចណុះដងេមមុះ
– Quality knowledge + Entrance control
– េចណុះដងគ្ណភាពផ្ក+ ការបញ្ជាេូល
– Marketing + retail marketing
– ទីផ្សារ + ទីផ្សារលក្់រាយ
– Category management
– ការមគ្ប់មគ្ងមបចេទ
– Account management
– ការមគ្ប់មគ្ងគ្ណនី
– Floral art courses abroad
– វគ្គសិលបៈជំនញថផ្សែក្ច្វើផ្កា ចៅបរចទស
– Social Media
– មបព័នធផ្សសពវផ្សាយសងគម
– Market research / retail safaris
– ការ មាវមជាវ ទី ផ្សារ / safaris លក្់ រាយ
▪ HIG; horti-inspiration-group (networking)
▪ Input / knowledge helpdesk Flowercouncil
– Campaign calenders
– Helpdesk/ advice
▪ Active in Holland and abroad (25 countries)
▪ Author textbooks MBO education
– Florist of the future
– Quality in te chain –
Nomenclature = names of plants
Correct
plant names are important
▪ All products must be listed with their scientific names (Latin)
▪ រុក្ខជាតិទងអសមតវថតបានដាក្ច្ុះវទាាស្រសជាអក្សរឡាតំង
▪ This requires a lot of product knowledge of naming flowers and plants
▪ ជាចេតថដលទមទរចោយចយងយលដងេាសអពទនញលក្់នងវ្
▪ Names include:
▪ Genus = genus name = 1st name
▪ Species = specific name = 2nd name
▪ Cultivars = breed / culture variety = 3rd name
▪
Nomenclature of plants
▪ Latin or botanical name: based on how plants are flowering
ច្ុះចដមចជាអក្សរឡាតងឬច្ុះចដមចក្ងថផ្សក្វទាាស្រសា :
▪ According to hierarchical system: ចោងតមលំដាប់ថ្នែក្់រាប់ច្មុះននរុក្ខជាតិ – Families មក្រមមគ្ួារវងស
– Genera មតក្ូល
– Species នម
– Cultivars / trade names ច្មុះជាសំគាស់ពណ៏នឹងមបចេទ
– Sometimes synonyms are still in use
ចពលខ្លុះរុក្ខជាតិមានច្មុះមតក្ូលចមេើនបាន
▪ Each product has an own product-code (VBN)
▪ រុក្ខជាតិនីមួយៗមានចលខ្ក្ូដផ្សលិតផ្សលផ្កាល់ខ្លួន (VBN)
Hierarchy Latin names
▪ Family
Caryophyllaceae
▪ Genus Dianthus, Gypsophylla
▪ Species paniculata / elegans
▪ Cultivars cultivars / ‘Million Stars’
Assortment plants
Overview sorting possibilities indoor plants
ទិដឋភាពទូចៅននការតចមមៀបលទធ
ភាពននរុក្ខជាតិក្នតងផ្សាុះ
Assortment plants
Plants
Flowering plants
Green plants / plants with leaves
Classification plants
េំណ្តត់ថ្នែក្់រុក្ខជាតិ
Cactaceae
Orchidaceae
Bromeliaceae
Flowering plants by 1 plant family
Bromeliaceae
Flowering plants by 1 plant family
Orchida-
Flowering plants by 1 plant family
Araceae
Green plants by 1 plant family
Agavaceae
Green plants by 1 plant family
Palmeae
Cactaceae
Classification plants
េំណ្តត់ថ្នែក្់រុក្ខជាតិ
By product range : តមមបចេទរុក្ខជាតិ
▪ Ferns : ចេវើន
▪ Succulents : មបទល
▪ Climbing plants : រុក្ខជាតិវលលិ៍
▪ Hanging plants : រុក្ខជាតិពយួរក្នតងចផ្សើង
▪ etc
Climbing and hanging plants
Succulents
Succulents
Mixt Green
Ferns
Classification plants
Tropical rainforest
– Often growing as an epiphyte
» Growing in a tree without using it
▪ Desert plants រុក្ខជាតិមានមបេពដុុះចៅតំបន់សងួត
▪ Plants from regions with mild climate រុក្ខជាតិមក្ពីតំបន់ថដលមាន
Classification plants
▪ By colour or smell of the flowers of leafs ចដាយពណ៌ឬក្លិនននផ្កាននសលឹក្
By total size or pot size
By appearance/ cultivation technique តមរូបរាង
▪ By genetic features:
Short day plants
– Flowering on days shorter than 12 hours – ការចេញផ្កាមានរយៈចពលខ្លីជាង 12 ចមាង។
▪ Long day plants រុក្ខជាតិនែៃថវង
– Flowering on days longer than 12 hours – ការចេញផ្កាចៅចលើនែៃយូរជាង
▪ Day neutral plants
– With a lot of light al lot of flowering, with less light less flowering –
Sorting by colour
▪ Colour range for តចមមៀបតមជួរពណ៌
– Flowering plants រុក្ខជាតិមានផ្កា
▪ Mix trays
▪ Sorted on 1 colour តចមមៀបចលើ
▪ Two coloured flowers
▪ ផ្កាមានពីរពណ៌
– Leaf plants រុក្ខជាតិសលឹក្
▪ White variegated ពណ៌សេមមរុះ
▪ Gold variegated ពណ៌មាសេមមរុះ
▪ Red variegated ពណ៌មក្េមេមមរុះ
▪ Green variegated ពណ៌នបតងេមមរុះ
– Leaf pattern: លំនំសលឹក្៖
▪ Edged
▪ Spotted
▪ Marbled
▪ etc
Plants with scented / smelling flowers or leaves
Appearances = cultivation technique / plant caracteristics
Classification plants
▪
Plants can be classified by use:
▪ Easy care plants: រុក្ខជាតិថដលមសួលថែទំ
▪ Air purifying plants: រុក្ខជាតិបនសរទធខ្យល់
▪ Bathroom plants: រុក្ខជាតិថដលដាក្់ក្នតងបនាប់ទឹក្
▪ Edible plants: រុក្ខជាតិថដលោេបរិចភាគ្បាន
▪ Living wall plants : រុក្ខជាតិថដលោេរស់ចៅចលើជញ្ជេំងបាន
▪ Epiphytical growing : រុក្ខជាតិថដលោេរស់ចៅចលើជញ្ជេំងបាន
▪ Indoor-outdoor application : រុក្ខជាតិថដលោេចៅចមដផ្សាុះនឹងក្នតងផ្សាុះបាន
▪ Plants suitable for terrarium: រុក្ខជាតិថដលោេចៅថក្វថដលបិទជិតបាន
▪ HydroPonic plants (on water): រុក្ខជាតិថដលឬសវាោេរស់ក្នតងទឹក្បាន
▪ etc
“Easy care” plants
Plants growing from bulbs: Bulbs on pot
Air purifying / cleaning plants
Carnivorous plants
Epiphytic plants
• Plants with epiphytic features are common in the following plant ranges or families:
• រុក្ខជាតិមានលក្ខណុះជាដុុះចលើចដើមច មានក្នតងមក្រមមគ្ួារដូេជា:
• Ferns ចេវើន
• Orchidaceae
• Bromeliaceae
Epiphytic plants
Bathroom plants
Terrarium theme
Hydroponic (on water)
Recommended
by Lucas for range green plants
Staff is crucial
▪ Talented employees who show passion and commitment are the key to success.
▪ បុគ្គលិក្ថដលមានចទពចកាសលយថដលបង្ហាញពីេំណង់េំណូលេិតៅនិងការតំងេិតាគ្ឺជា គ្នុះចដមបទទលបានចជាគ្ជយ។
▪ Employees are crucial in the care and presentation of plants on the shop floor:
▪ និចោជិតមានារៈសំខ្ន់ណ្តស់ក្នតងការថែរក្ានិងច្វើបទបង្ហាញអំពីរុក្ខជាតិចៅក្នតង ហាង
▪ With knowledge you can distinguish yourself! ▪ ចដាយមានេំចណុះដងអែក្ោេសមាគល់ខ្លួនឯងបាន
Some basic care tips for plants
ការថែទំមូលដាឋនមួយេំនួន
Care:
grow factors of plants មគ្ប់
រុក្ខជាតិទំងអស់មតូវការធាតុទំងចនុះ
Plants with succulent features:
រុក្ខជាតិថដលមានលក្ខណៈមបទល
= ability to survive dry periods.
ោេរស់បានចដាយមិនចមាេទឹក្រយុះចពលយូរ
How much water or RV (%) does a plant need?
រុក្ខជាតិមតូវការទឹក្បុនមន
▪ By looking at a plant you already know a lot.
▪ ចយងោេយលដងអពរក្ជាតចដាយការសចងត
▪ Looking at leaf thickness
• Soft leaf = lots of water + higher RH (more spraying)
• សលឹក្ទន់ឬចសាើងមតូវការទឹក្ចមេើន
• Thick / fat leaf = succulent properties in leaf
• សលឹក្មកាស់ររងងមតូវការទឹក្តិេ
• little water, lower RH (less / no spraying)
▪ Looking at stem / stem / root មតួតពិនិតយចលើទងថមក្ឬស
• Succulent properties លក្ខណុះននមបទល
• The more or the thicker the stem, the easier it is for the plant to grow.
• ចបើទងមកាស់មសួលដុុះ
• The thicker the root, the easier it is to care for / less water
• ចបើឬសមកាសមសួលថែ
• The finer the root, the more regular the water
• ចបើឬសលអិតលអិតមតូវចមាេទឹក្ចមេើន
When does a plant need water?
▪ Does soil on top of pot feel dry
▪ ចាក្ដពចលចផ្សងសត
▪ Does pot feel heavy
▪ ច្វើចោយែូមានទមៃន់
▪ Is the plant big or small
▪ ថសវងយល់ពី រុក្ខជាតិ្ំឬតូេ
▪ What is the leaf/stem ratio?
▪ ចតើសមាមាមតសលឹក្ / ចដើមគ្ឺជាអវី?
▪ What time of year is it
▪ ថសវងយល់ពីរយុះចពលរបស់វា
▪ Is it an herbaceous or woody
▪ ចតើវាជាមបចេទចមមរឺច
▪ A fat or soft leafed species
▪ ជាមបចេទថដលមានសលឹក្មកាស់ឬចសាើងឬទន់
Roots of plants tell something about
Roots of the plants tell something about..
Wet or dry?
Good or not good?
Guttation = sweating / dripping
Guttation = ថបក្ចញើស
▪ Guttation is the phenomenon that plants 'sweat out' moisture with dissolved substances in it.
▪ Guttation គ្ឺជាបាតុេូតថដលរុក្ខជាតិ
▪ Expression: drops at the end of leaves
▪ ការបង្ហាញ៖ការមសក្់ដំណក្់ទឺក្ចៅខ្ងេុងសលឹក្
▪ Cause: roots absorb water and minerals from the soil. When absorption and evaporation are not in balance, plant begins to sweat.
▪ មូលចេតុ៖ឫសមសូបយក្ទឹក្នងារធាតថរពដ។ចៅចពលថដលការមសូបយក្និងេួតមិនមាន តុលយភាពរុក្ខជាតិចាប់ចផ្សាើមថបក្ចញើស។
▪ Not harmful to the plants
▪ មិនបងាចមគាុះថ្នែក្់ដល់រុក្ខជាតិ
▪ Sometimes occurs when transporting in boxes
▪ ជនកាលចក្តចងចៅចពលដក្ជចនដាក្ក្ងចក្ស
▪ Solution: Water less
▪ ដំចណ្តុះមាយ៖ទឹក្តិេ
▪ Plant: many plants from the Araceae:
▪ រុក្ខជាតិ៖រុក្ខជាតិជាចមេើនមក្ពី Araceae៖
– Alocasia, Epipremnum, Monstera, Philodendron
– But also: Musa
Temperature + fertilizers
សីត្តេភាព នឹង ជ ▪ Temperature depends on: សីត្តេភាពសថិតចៅចលើ
– Area of origin: if you do not know search for it
– តំបន់មបេពចដើម : មបសិនចបើមិនយល់សូមសិក្ាថសវងយល់បថនថម
– Often depends on which family the plant belongs
– ជា្មមតទក្់ទងនឹងវងសមគ្ួាររបស់រុក្ខជាតិ
– Climate zone for the outdoor variety
– តំបន់ោកាសធាតុរបស់រុក្ខជាតិ
▪ Winter hardness ភាព្ន់នូវរដូវរង្ហ
▪ Frost sensitivity ភាព្ន់នូវរដូវទឺក្ក្ក្
Temperature + fertilizers
Fertilizers:
ជ
– Depending on how much nutrition the grower give
– សថិតចៅចលបរមាណជថដលអក្ដាដាក្ចេយ
– For the consumer: សមមាប់អតិែិជន
▪ Leaf plants in principle 1 x per month in the growing season
▪ រក្ជាតមបចេទសក្ដាក្ជមង១ថខ្ក្នតងរដូវលាស់
– In winter less, unless the plant remains in the living room
– ក្នតងរដូវរង្ហរដាក្់បនថយ
▪ Flowering plants during flowering 1 x per 2 weeks
▪ រុក្ខជាតិមបចេទចេញផ្កដាក្ជ២ោទិតយមៅង
» After flowering please throw away or give it rest for reflowering ចពលផ្កាមសចោនមតូវកាត់ចចាល
( no nutrition)
Cold sensitivity
Lower temperature (around 5 degrees)
How much light does a plant need?
Which location
ចតើរុក្ខជាតិ
▪ By looking at a plant you already know a lot
▪ ចយងោេយលដងអពរក្ជាតចដាយការសចងត
▪ You express the amount of light in LUX
▪ ចយើងវាស់ក្មមិតពនលឺជា Lux
▪ Look at the extend of green of the leaves
▪ ចមើលក្មមិតពនលឺតមជាតិពណ៍នបតងននសលឹក្
How much light does a plant need? Which location
– The greener the leaves: the less light the plant need
– រុក្ខជាតិមានសលឹក្ពណ៍នបតងចាស់មតូវការពនលឺតិេ
– The more lack of green of the leaves= variegated:
▪ The more light the plant need
រុក្ខជាតិមានសលឹក្ពណ៍នបតងខ្េីឬតិេដូេជាសលឹក្បារា៉ាមតូវការពនលឺ
No bright sun or direct sunlight
Light deficiency caused:: ចបើខ្វុះពនលឺឬពនលឺមិនមគ្ប់មគាន់ – Stretching of the plant
– Leaf or bud fall
Poor growth
Origin
By light requirements 500 to 1000 lux.
In relation to area of origin
Dracaena Rhapis
Howea
By light requirements 750 to 1000 lux.
In relation to area of origin
Ficus Schefflera Yucca Zamioculcas
By
light requirements 1000 to 2000 lux.
In relation to area of origin
Euphorbia Phoenix Cycas
By light requirements 5000 to 10000 lux.
In relation to area of origin
Mandevilla Rosa
Bougainvillea
By light requirements 5000 to 10000 lux.
In relation to area of origin
Cactaceae
RV too low: leaf tips and edges
Please use the web application: InfoFlowersPlants
Botrytis biggest quality problem in plants
Botrytis sensitivity
(mould arising from spores and when plants become damp on leaves or flowers)
The biggest problem is:
Botrytis cinerea
▪ It’s a fungi
▪ Spores
▪ Spores in the air
▪ In combination with humidity / water ចៅក្នតងការរួមបចចូលគាែជាមួយសំចណើម
▪ 2-3 days incubation time before its visible
Most sensitive:
Botrytis (sporen + te hoge RV)
Spores Botrytis
Mycelium
Resolving / preventing Botrytis?
▪ Preventing moisture and working clean:
– Sufficient drying and airing during cultivation
– Products blow dry before loading
– ផ្សលិតផ្សលមតូវច្វើចោយសងួតមុនចពលចរៀបេំទុក្
– Do not pack / trade condensaten / wet plants
– ក្ុំចវេខ្េប់ / ជួញដូរ condensaten
– Sealed carts "air" in time
– ការោរផ្សលិតផ្សល ចោយមានខ្យល់ចេញេូល
– Using boxes with holes
– ការចមបើមបអប់ថដលមានរនធ
– RH during transport not too high (below 80 %)
– RH ក្ងអ ងចពលដក្ជចនមនខ្សចពក្ (ចមកាម 80%)
– Preventing temperature changes
– ការោរការផ្កលស់ប្ូរសីតុណាភាព
– Condensation = moisture
– condensation = សំចណើម
– Never spray flowers or plants with flowers or soft leaves wet
– ក្ុំបាញ់ទឺក្ចលើផ្កា ឬរុក្ខជាតិថដលមានផ្កា ឬសលឹក្ទន់
– Trade less sensitive products
– ច្វើោណិជាក្មមផ្សលិតផ្សលថដលឆាប់ខ្ូេ
– Create swipe policy: when, how, with what?
– បចងាើតចគាលការណ៍៖
Keywords: CLEAN and DRY
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