IMVULA eninzi ibangela iintlobo zamakhalane ezininzi ezifuna ingqwalasela kuba ziyayichaphazela kakubi imveliso yemfuyo.
Amafama kubalulekile ukuba abenengqwalasela kweli khalane liphila ubomi balo ngokukhulela izigaba zalo kwizilwanyana ngezilwanyana, khalane elibizwa ngokuba yindlanga okanye qwelagqibe.
Ngenxa yobushushu nobumanzi obuthe basombatha kwezi ntsuku, amakhalane afumana ithuba lokukhula ngamandla ngokwamanani kumadlelo ethu.
Indlanga iphila isigaba ngasinye kwizilwanyana ezohlukileyo (umbungu omncinci, ophakathi, ikhalane elidala).
Ibugqiba ubomi bokukhula kwisithuba esingangonyaka phantsi kweemeko ezivumayo zemozulu njengalo nyaka
ka2023.
Imazi yeli khalane xa sele indala izalela amaqanda afika ku18000. Isigaba ngasinye sokukhula sithatha kangangeveki lizondla kwisilwanyana eso phambi kokuba liwe, lobuze lizophindela kwesinye isilwanyana okanye lizalele amaqanda ukuba liyimazi efikelele ebudalani.
Amaqanda athatha iinyanga phambi kokuba aqanduselwe. Iindlanga zithanda uhlala kwiindawo ezilandelayo emsileni, emabeleni, kwisingxobo esithwele ubudoda, esiswini, indlebe nasezinyaweni.
Indlanga ingayingxaki kumfama ngenxa yoku kulandelayo:
Yenza usuleleko kubangele isifo unomkhonwana, ibangela iziva apho itye khona emntwini.
Indlanga inomlomo omde nto leyo ebangela kudaleke amanxeba athi akhokelele
intsholongwane nempethu.
Kwimfuyo emfutshane ibangela ukuqhwalela xa ithe yahlala phakathi kwempuphu.
Xa ethe amaninzi la makhalane abangela ukuhla emzimbeni , kwicwaningo olwakhe lwenziwa lwabonisa ukuba kwiinkomo ezindala ezazihlaseleke kakhulu kwabakho ukwehla emzimbeni kangange 20 kg kwiinyanga ezintathu nesinqingatha xa kuthelekiswa nezo zazingahlaselekanga. Kolo vavanyo ilahleko ekwisisindo esingu 10 g saboniswa sisiza ngemazi nganye yeli khalane.
Indlela esebenzayo ukulinqanda ikhokhelele imveliso entle yidiphu efufuzwayo ezixutywa namanzi kwaye ifufuzeka lula usebenzisa iintlobo zokufufuza, ukufufuza ngesifufuzi sesandla, isifufuzi esakhiweyo senkomo (spray race) okanye apho ziqubha khona (plug dip).
Blue tick eli liqhizane
elizintlobo ezimbini african okanye common blue tick kunye ne-asiatic. Iqhizane likhulela izigaba zobomi balo ( esobuntwana, esiphakathi nesobudala) liziphilela kwisilwanyana esinye ubomi balo ukusukela eqandeni ukuya kwisigaba sobuntwana ukuya kwesiphakathi ukuyokufika ebudaleni.
Buthatha ngokwexesha inyanga ubude balo. Olu hlobo lwekhalane liyakwazi ukugqiba izigaba zalo zokukhula kude kube kathathu kwisigaba esinye sonyaka. Imazi enye ithi igcwale ibe nkulu izalele intlaninge yamaqanda asuka ku2500 ukuya 3500 nokuba kuthe kwaqanduselwa ambalwa kula maqanda, athi aphile nawo azalela awawo amaqanda ze amakhulukhulu alandele nawo ukuqanduselwa kwinyanga ukuya kwezimbini ezilandelayo.
Iqhizane libangela umanzabomvu nenyongo ezinkomeni.
Eli qhizane liyazondla ezibhokweni nasezigusheni.
Ukuba uthe awalinqanda lisaqala, phaya entwasahlobo lithi liphindaphindane ukubalininzi nto leyo ibangela kubenzima ukulwa umonakalo walo phaya ehlotyeni nasekwindla .
Ubungozi beqhizane kwimfuyo:
Afunxa igazi nto leyo ikhokelela kwilahlekogazi emzimbeni.
Isimo somzimba siyehla nto leyo ikhokhelela ukwehla kobunzima bomzimba.
Imveliso yobisi iyehla kakhulu.
Izikhumba ziyonakala kwehle umgangatho wazo.
Ibangele izifo ezifana nomanzabomvu, inyongo, unomkhonwana, ukubila komzimba kunye nechwane.
Indlela yokunqanda amakhalane ikhokhelele ingeniso ephezulu kusebenzisa idiphu egalelwa emqolo nesitofu.
UNYAKA ka2022 ubunamahla ndenyuka kum njengomfuyi weegusha neebhokhwe. Iigusha beziphethwe libhula neqebe; iibhokhwe bezirhuda.
Kodwa ke ngokwabelana namanye amafama, kuye kwabhetele kuba besinikana iingcebiso ngamayeza athi ancede zonke ezi ngxaki.
Kunjalo, zikhona iigusha ezimbalwa ezingakhange zikwazi ukunyamezela, zafa.
Kodwa ke noko ndimvala unyaka ndincumile kuba asebenzile la mayeza bendicetyiswe ngawo ngamanye amafama. Iigusha zam zintle ngoku, neebhokhwe zam zisegazini.
Kumafama aqalayo, okanye anomnqweno wokuqala; into ekufuneka aqiniseke ngayo ngamayeza, nokutofa imfuyo yawo.
Impazamo yam enkulu kuye kwakukusilela ekuthengeni amayeza, lo nto yenza ndaphulukana neegusha eziliqela.
Enye ingcebiso endinayo, ingakumbi kumafama anomndla kwimfuyo; imfuyo iyabiza ngoku, koko ke kubalulekile ukuba nakhe iqela apho nincedisana khona ngokuthenga.
Umzekelo mna, ndineqela endinalo apho sigalelelana khona ngemfuyo. Qho ngenyanga sikhupha imali ethile, siyidibanise, sithengele loo mntu uthile kwiqela lethu imfuyo.
Lo nto yenza ukuba sikwazi ukubanemfuyo ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke ukuba uceba ukuqala le ndlela, eli lelinye lamacebo endingathi ndininike lona.
Kunyaka ka2023 ndinethemba kakhulu. Kuba
zonke iimpazamo ezenze ukuba ndisilele kulo nyaka ka2022, ndizilungisile. Ukuqala kule nyanga yoMqungu, ndizothenga onke amayeza adingekayo.
Okunye okulandelayo mna neqela lam lomgalelo siceba ukunyusa imali esigalelelana yona, ukwenzela ukuba umntu afumane imfuyo engathi ithe xaxe, kuba sijonge ukuba kule minyaka mihlanu izayo, umntu nomntu abe enalo ikhulu leegusha, namashumi noba mathathu eebhokhwe.
Uhlobo esicebe ngalo lundenza imincili, kuba ndingumntu oyithanda kakhulu imfuyo.
Lo ngumyalezo osuka kuZukisani Ndwendwe, ungumfama osemtsha ukwangusomashishini okhuthele kakhulu kumsebenzi wakhe.
USIHLE Maseko waseQoboqobo ngumzekelo womfama ozimiseleyo ukwenza okuncinci etyhuluba ekhangela impumelelo.
Lo mfama uqale ukulima umbona kumhlaba oyihektare enye kuphela, kwaza oko kwamkhuthaza ngamandla kumsebenzi wakhe wokulima.
Ingingqi yaseQoboqobo yenye enemozulu entle nomhlaba ovuma ukulinywa xa uyithelekisa nezinye iindawo zeMpuma Koloni.
“Ndiqale ukulima ngo2020 ndincedisa utatomncinci kumhlatyana ozihektare ezimbini, sisebenza sibambisene, ngoku ndizilime ndindodwa,” uthethe watsho uMaseko.
UMaseko uxhobe ngezifundo zolimo kwaye oku kumenze ukuba akwazi ukuzimela elima eyedwa ukusukela ngo2021.
“Ngoku ndilima umhlaba ozihektare ezilishumi, ndilima umbona ,ndilime amakhaphetshu akumashumi amane anesihlanu,” uqhayisa atsho uMaseko.
Uninzi lolutsha eMpuma Koloni alukaliboni ikamva kulimo nokufuya, kodwa liyakhula inani labantu abatsha abangena kwezolimo kumaphondo ahlukeneyo.
Kuloo ngxingwa yelali yaseBurnshill eQoboqobo, uMaseko ujijisana nendalo ezama ukuvelisa ukutya ukuze akhule logama ekwadala amathuba emisebenzi kwabathile.
Ukungaphumeleli kwakhe ukulandela ikhondo awecinga ukuba lelona bizo lwakhe kumvulele ithuba lokuba azibone ukuba ngenene uyakuthanda ukulima.
“Ndifunde uLawulo lwezoLimo kwinqanaba leDiploma kwiYunivesithi yaseNelson Mandela eGqeberha
ngonyaka ka2019,” kucacisa uMaseko.
Uthi uqaphele ukuba akulula ukufumaneka komsebenzi kule mihla waza ngenxa yoko wazithathela isigqibo sokuqalisa ukubangumlimi ophume izandla.
“Siphila kumaxesha anzima kakhulu, apho kunzima kakhulu ukufumana umsebenzi kweli loMzantsi Afrika. Emva kokugqiba izifundo zam ndifake izicelo zomsebenzi kaninzi ndibuya nembande yesikhova,” kutsho uMaseko.
Uthi uzame kaninzi ukucela umsebenzi kurhulumente nakwiinkampani zabucala , kodwa zikhatywa izicelo zakhe.
“Ewe bekubuhlungu, kodwa ndaye ndacinga ukuba mninzi umhlaba emakhaya odinga ukusetyenzwa nangona ndandifuna ukuqala kodwa belikho ixhala lokuba ndiza kuqala ngantoni, kuba kufuneka izinto zokunkcenkceshela nezinye,” utsho uMaseko.
Izinga lokungaqeshwa kwabantu kweli ingakumbi ulutsha linyuka minyaka le, kwaye akukho themba lokutshintsha kwale meko.
Ukulima kuveliswe ukutya lelona thuba lihle elinokulandelwa ngabantu abatsha eMzantsi Afrika kula maxesha anzima kangaka.
“Phakama, utyhulube, futhuza maarn, akukho mntu uza kwenzela ukuba akuzami ukuzenzela uguqule impilo yakho ngokwakho,” ukhuthaza utsho uMaseko.
Uthi awukho umangaliso onokwenzeka ungaqalanga ukwenza into ngokwakho.
“Awukho umangaliso, akukho nto iyakusebenza de wena uqale izinto ngokwakho,” uxhobise ngelitshoyo uMaseko.
Lo kaMaseko uthengisa ikhaphetshu elikumawaka alishumi ukuya kwishumi elinesihlanu lamawaka ngenyanga nganye.
“Rhoqo ngenyanga ndithengisa ikhaphetshu kubantu neevenkile ezinkulu ukusukela ngeyeKhala kunyaka ophelileyo,” kucacisa uMaseko.
LE yintetho exhaphakileyo phakathi koluntu ingakumbi ngexesha abantu besenza amasiko abo. Imfuneko yebhokhwe inyuka ngamandla kwintlalo kumaxesha onke onyaka, oko kuthetha ukuba eli lishishini ekumele ukuba amafama aliqwalasele.
Ngonyaka ka1976 ukungena korhulumente wephandle laseTranskei elulawulweni iibhokhwe zazifuywe kakhulu. Ingqikelelo ithi zazingaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu iibhokhwe ezazifuywe ngamafama aseTranskei ngelo xesha, ngenxa yoku ixabiso lebhokhwe laliphantsi kakhulu kuba zazixhaphakile.
Olu lwazi lubhentsisa ukuba ngonyaka ka1980 inkabi yebhokhwe egqibileyo ukukhula yayithengiswa ngekhulu leerandi ukuya kwikhulu elinamashumi amahlanu. Ukuze amafama weli xesha noluntu ngokubanzi baphume kwingxaki yokusoloko befuna iinkabi zebhokhwe kufuneka babuyele
kwindebe endala yokufuya iibhokhwe ngamanani aphezulu. Okukhuthazayo ukufuya iibhokhwe ingakumbi kuluntu namafama ngokunjalo kukuba azinankcitho yokuba kukhathalelwe impilo yazo.
Olu hlobo lwemfuyo liyibhokhwe liziphilela ngokutya imithi yasendle efana nomnquma, intlungunyembe neminye imithi. Kuthwa le mithi inika impilo egqibeleleyo kumzimba webhokhwe ngaphandle kokuba ifune ukutofwa nezinye izinto ezichitha imali.
Ukufuya nokukhulisa iibhokhwe kulula kuba azinangxaki yokubulawa zingqele nezifo namaqhwa kuba
zizilwanyana ezizikhangelela icebo ngokwazo. Esi sijwili sokusoloko kufunwa iibhokhwe luluntu siyakuphenduleka ngecebo elakwenziwa ngabafuyi ngokwandisa inani leebhokhwe zabo. Xa ukhangela izinga lokufa kwazo namatakane wazo liphantsi kakhulu xa ulithelekisa nezinye izinto ezifuyiweyo.
Xa imithi itakane layo ayidingi kukhathalelwe kufana nezinye izilwanyana, naxa lizelwe itakane layo liyaziphilela ngokuncanca ubisi lukanina lide ligqibelele.
Esi silwanyana sidibene nabantu abamnyama abebesuka ngakumantla weAfrika ngexesha lokudibana kwabo nabaThwa
abebesele behlala kumazantsi weAfrika. Emva koko ibhokhwe ibe ngumhlobo omkhulu wezizwe ezininzi ebezifika apha zisuka ngaseTanganyika.
Imbali ithi elona gama layo ngokwesizwe sabaThwa yiNgcawe, ngenxa yongenelelo lwabaseluhlangeni yabizwa ngokuba yibhokhwe, elo iligama elisuka kulwimi lwesiDatshi. Ibhokhwe ke ineendidi zayo eziquka iAngora ezidume ngoboya, logama kukwakho ezobisi, ezimibalabala, iSahara nezinye ke iindidi.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha ke, ibhokhwe ibe yinxalenye yentlalo yezizwe ezininzi zamazantsi weAfrika. Zimbi izizwe zithembele ngayo kumasiko nezithethe, ukanti abanye bazifuyela ukuzithengisa besenza imali, kukwakho nabo bazifuyela ukuzithanda.
Kunamhlanje esi silwanyana sodumo kwisizwe samaXhosa sithengiswa ngexabiso eliphezulu kakhulu. Oku kwenziwa kukuba lihle ngamandla izinga lokufuya kulutsha logama amaxabiso ezinto ezithengwayo enyukile.
Ukwanda kwenani leebhokhwe ezifuyiweyo kungalithoba ngaphandle
kwamathandabuzo ixabiso ethengiswa ngalo ibhokhwe. Abafuyi bebhokhwe bathengisa inkatyana engagqibelelanga yebhokhwe ngemali ekwiwaka namakhulu amahlanu eerandi ukuya kumawaka amabini nangaphezulu.
Nangona ingumthwalo onzima lo kwabo bathengayo ,kodwa yingeniso entle necacileyo kwabo bafuyela ukuthengisa iibhokhwe zabo.
Abantu abaninzi abaphila ngokusebenzisa iibhokhwe ngabantu abamnyama, kodwa amaxa amaninzi ufumanisa ukuba ikwangabo abangabathengi bebhokhwe bezithenga kwezinye izizwe.
Ukuze esi sizwe siphume kolu sizi lokuhlala kukhangelwa inkabi yebhokhwe ethengiswayo kumele ukuba siwubhinqe ubemfutshane zifuywe ezi bhokhwe.
Makukhangelwe ulwazi ke ngoko mafama ngendlela namacebo okufuya iibhokhwe kumakhaya neefama zethu.
Wambi amafama weMpuma Koloni azithenga kumazwe afana neLesotho ngexabiso elifikelelekayo, ukanti amanye wamaphondo oMzantsi Afrika azithenga kakhulu kweli leMpuma Koloni.
KUTHIWA iziqhamo ezaziveliswa ngumhlaba ekulinywe kuwo kwiminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe eyagqithayo azifani neziqhamo ezilinywa emhlabeni kule mihla.
Ingxelo yoMbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo ithi lehlile ixabiso nezinga lokutyeba komhlaba kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ngamashumi alithoba anesihlanu ekhulwini ukutya ekutyiwa kwihlabathi okuveliswa ngokusebenzisa umhlaba.
Umhlaba ungunobangela wokuvela kokutya okusemgangathweni okuqulethe izakhamzimba nezithako ezifunwa ngumzimba. Zininzi iimeko ezibangela uk uba umhlaba ungatyebi ngokufana neminyaka yangaphambili. Ingxaki yemozulu eguqukayo, ukutshiswa kwamadlelo, ukhukhuliseko lomhlaba nezinye ke ingxaki.
Xa ubunika imbeko kumhlaba wokulima okhoyo kwihlabathi, uMbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo uqwalasele ngokumandla indima edlalwa ngumhlaba kwiinzame zokulwa indlala kwihlabathi.
Akukho ukutya okukhula kugqibelele kungaveliswanga emhlabeni, kodwa ke umhlaba lowo kufuneka ube utyebile okanye utyetyisiwe.
Ukulahleka kobutyebi kumhlaba wokulima ehlabathini kubangela ukubhitya okumandla
kwizityalo. Oku kubangela ukungondleki kubantu abaninzi behlabathi, okuye kubangela ukubhubha kwabantu kwezinye iimeko.
Ukubhitya komhlaba wokulima ehlabathini kunyanzela amafama ukuba asebenzise izichumisi ekungekho lula ukufikelela
kuzo maxa wambi.
Amafama asakhasayo eAfrika, Latin America naseAsia awakwazi kufikelela kumaxabiso ezichumisi ezincedisa umhlaba kwihlabathi elitshintshayo.
Kunjalo ixabiso lezichumisi kwihlabathi linyuke ngeepesenti ezingamakhulu amathathu. Oku kubangela
ukuba ngenene kubenzima kumafama asakhasayo ukufikelela ekuthengeni izichumisi.
Unobhala jikeke wezizwe ezimanyeneyo uQu Dongyu uthi ukubhitya komhlaba kuchaphazela imingxilo emininzi yezolimo.
“Umhlaba obhityileyo uvelisa ukutya okubhityileyo,
ixabiso eliphezulu lezichumiso libangela ukunyuka kwexabiso lokuthenga ukutya,” kutsho uDongyu. Ubongoza intsebenziswano phakathi kwamafama wehlabathi noluntu ngokubanzi.
“Kufuneka sisebenzisane ngamandla xa sisonke ukuze sivelise ukutya okusempilweni ngokuthi sisebenzise imihlaba etyebileyo,” kutsho uDongyu.
Kulindeleke ukuba kubekwe ingqwalasela eyodwa kumhlaba omnyama kwihlabathi ukuze utyetyiswe ngamacebo endibanisela yoorhulumente, amafama, iingcali noluntu ngokunjalo.
Iimpawu eziphambili zomhlaba omnyama kukuqina, ubemnyama kwaye utyebe ngokwendalo.
Nangona imihlaba eyahlukeneyo kwihlabathi ivelisa iziqhamo ezikumgangatho ophantsi, ixabiso leziqhamo nemifuno liyenyuka mihla yonke.
Kutsha nje kuvakele iindaba zokuba amaxabiso okutya onyuke ngokumangalisayo kwaye kusalindeleke ukuba enyuke nangaphezulu.
Oku kuthetha ukuba amafama mawasebenze nzima ukuqinisekisa ukuba enza iinzame zokutyebisa umhlaba ngezinye iindlela.
Kusenjalo, kukho iingxelo zokuba kwihlabathi ngokubanzi izichumisi ezithengwayo ziphakathi kwezinto ezixabiso liphezulu.
Ukukhathalela umhlaba ngokuwutyebisa lelona cebo, ingakumbi ukuwutyebisa ngezinto eziyindalo ezikhoyo kwifama yakho, ukuze ugqibele ngokuthenga izichumisi zomhlaba.
ISIQHAMO iAvocado sesinye seziqhamo esihamba phambili kwintlalo nempilo yoluntu eAfrika. Amafama athile eAfrika kwindawo eziquka uMzantsi Afrika enza imali ngokuthengisa esi siqhamo sithandwa kakhulu. Iindawo zokutya nezo zokuhlalisa uluntu zisoloko ziyifaka kwizityo ezahlukeneyo iAvocado. Amazwe aseAfrika akhuphisana namazwe ehlabathi kwimveliso yawo yeAvocado. Nanga amazwe ahamba phambili eAfrika ngokuvelisa iAvocado.
1. Kenya Ilizwe laseKenya lihleli kwindawo yokuqala eAfrika ngokuvelisa eyona Avocado ininzi eAfrika. Ingxelo ithi zitoni ezingamakhulu amane aneshumi elinesithandathu amawaka eAvocado eveliswa lilizwe laseKenya. Ilizwe laseKenya lihleli kwindawo yesithandathu kwihlabathi xa lithelekiswa namanye amazwe ngokuvelisa iAvocado.
2. Ethiopia
Ilizwe laseEthiopia lihleli kwindawo yesibini kweli laseAfrika ngokuba lelona lizwe liphambili ngokuvelisa ihlabathi. YiAvocado ekwikhulu namashumi amahlanu anesibini eetoni eveliswa kwilizwe laseEthiopia, kwaye ichazwa ukuba ikumgangatho wokuthengiswa kwihlabathi. IEthiopia ihleli kwindawo yeshumi elinesibini kumgangatho wehlabathi
ngokuvelisa iAvocado. IAvocado ikwasetyenziswa kulusu, ukanti iyafumaneka nakwizithako zokwenza inwele.
Ilizwe laseMalawi lihleli kwindawo yesithathu kweli laseAfrika ngokuvelisa
iAvocado, logama ihleli kwindawo yeshumi elinesixhenxe kwihlabathi. Zitoni ezingamashumi alithoba
anesithathu iAvocado eveliswa lilizwe laseKenya. Kukho iingxelo zokuba iAvocado eveliswa ngamazwe aseAfrika ihamba phambili xa ithelekiswa namanye amazwe ehlabathi ngokomgangatho wayo.
4. Mzantsi Afrika
Ilizwe loMzantsi Afrika lihleli kwindawo yesine kweli laseAfrika ngokuvelisa iAvocado, logama limi kwindawo yeshumi elinesibhozo kwihlabathi. YiAvocado ekwiitoni ezingamashumi asibhozo anesibini amawaka eveliswa kweli loMzantsi Afrika.
Iphondo laseLimpopo noMntla Ntshona ngawona ahamba phambili ukuvelisa iAvocado kweli. Amafama amnyama asaqalayo, aqalisile ukungenelela kwiimveliso zeAvocado kuzwelonke ngelizama ukutshintsha izinto. Ngaphambili belungekho okanye luluncinci ulwazi oluya kumafama amnyama malunga nokuvelisa iimveliso ezifana neAvocado. IAvocado eMzantsi Afrika ityalwa ivunwe phakathi kwenyanga yoKwindla kwakunye nenyanga yeThupha. ISouth African Avocado Growers Association ithi ikhuthaza ukuba amaqondo okuvelisa iAvocado esemgangathweni abe phakathi kwesithandathu ukuya kwisixhenxe.
Olu lwazi luza kuwe luphuma kwiFood and Agricultural Organisation phantsi koMbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo (United Nations)
UKUTYALA izityalo eziyindibanisela kwindawo enye yenye yeendlela ezikhoyo zokwenza lula umsebenzi womfama logama ethi kamva avune izinto ezininzi ngexesha elinye.
Eli lixesha lokutyala umbona, kwaye umbona sesinye sezityalo ezithi zibe lula ukuzityala uzidibanise nezinye izityalo. Umbona wakho ungawutyala ngaxeshanye neetapile, iimbotyi amathanga nezinye izinto kuba ujonge ukonga umhlaba onawo.
Umfama osebenzisa olu hlobo lokutyala wonga ixesha lakhe, kwaye kukho iingxelo zokuba uyatyeba kamva umhlaba otyala izityalo ezahlukeneyo. Izinambuzane nezinye izinto ezitya izityalo zomfama ziyanqaba xa kutyalwe ngale ndibanisela kumhlaba omnye ngexesha elinye.
Ikhula nezichumisi nazo zityenziswa kakhulu xa kutyalwa ngendibanisela, ngoko umfama uyonga ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo. Umbona uyakhuthazeka ukhule ngamandla xa utyalwe nezinye izityalo, kukho ubungqina bokuba umbona wenza umyinge wamashumi amahlanu ekhulwini ngaphezu kokuba
ubunokwenza. Ilizwekazi laseAfrika lelona lisebenzisa le ndlela yokutyala ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo eziquka ukunqongophala nokubhitya komhlaba. Ukungabi nazixhobo zokusebenza sesinye sezizathu zokuba amafama akhethe ukutyala izityalo zawo ngendibanisela. Ezi zityalo ziyakhuphisana ukukhula zisabelana ngomoya, amanzi kwakunye nelanga ezizixhamlayo.
Ukanti kumazwe afana neSudan kutyalwa uhlobo oluthile lwengca (napier) phakathi kombona ngenxa yokuba umbona uyakhuthazeka xa kutyalwe olo hlobo lwengca phakathi kwawo. Olu hlobo lwengca lulwa nazo zonke iindidi zekhula ezinokuzama ukukhula phakathi kombona, lo nto yenze ukuba umbona ukhule ungenangxaki yekhula. Olu hlobo lwengca yaseSudan luhamba phantsi ngaphandle kokuphazamisana nezithole zombona.
Ukutyala indibanisela yezityalo kunceda ukunciphisa izinga lobushushu phakathi kwezityalo, butsho ubushushu buhlale kwiqondo elifanelekileyo. Umfama osebenzisa olu hlobo lokutyala uyazuza kuba umhlaba wakhe wonke uyasebenza, uthwala okanye uvelisa ukutya. Ukutyala izityalo ezininzi ngexesha elinye kukwathintela ukukhukhuliseka komhlaba okuxhaphakileyo kumafama.
Amathuba okuphumelela kwezityalo zakho aphezulu xa uthe wadibanisa izityalo zakho kwindawo enye xa ukutyala.
Izityalo ziyafuthelana, ziyafudumezana, zabelane ngomoya nangamanzi akhoyo kuloo ndawo. Kuthwa le ndlela yokutyala yaqalwa ngamafama aseJamani emva kweMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi kuba ayekhangela indlela ekhawulezileyo yokwenza ukutya okuninzi.
Ilizwe laseJamani lisahamba phambili nangoku ngokusebenzisa olu hlobo lokutyala izityalo ezahlukeneyo kwindawo enye ngexesha elinye.
Ikhula alikwazi kuhambela phambili kwiimeko apho umfama atyale khona iindidi ezininzi zezityalo. Oku kusenziwa kukuba umhlaba oxakekileyo akukho ndawo linokukhula kuyo ikhula.
Ezi zityalo ziyatyalwa zikumgca omnye wokutyala, logama zikwatyalwa ngemigca eyahlukeneyo, isityalo ngasinye sizikhulele kumgca waso. Amafama weCassava kumazwe amaninzi eAfrika ayakuthanda ukutyala ngokusebenzisa olu hlobo. Oku kungenxa yokuba iCassava sisityalo esithanda ukuhlala nezinye izityalo ixesha elininzi. Ngenxa yeengxaki zokungabikho komhlaba, ubusela, imozulu eguqukayo nezinye iingxaki amafama akhuthazwa ukuba asebenzise olu hlobo lokutyala ukuze avune.
INGXELO
yeInternational Trade Administration ithi ilizwe laseLesotho lelona linomhlaba nemozulu efanele ukutyalwa kwekhowa xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindawo zaseAfrika naseMzantsi weAfrika.
Amaqondo obushushu aseLesotho enza ukuba ela lizwe livelise elona khowa lisemgangathweni neliqulethe izithako nezakhamzimba ezifunwa ngamandla ngabo batya ikhowa.
Ikhowa eliveliswa eLesotho lithengwa kakhulu kwilizwe loMzantsi Afrika naseBotswana kuba la mazwe avelisa iinkowa ezingekho mgangathweni xa zithelekiswa nelo laseLesotho.
Nangona ilizwe laseLesotho lihamba phambi ngokuvelisa ikhowa elisemthethweni nelikumgangatho ophezulu, abanazo iindlela zokulungiselela iimalike. Oku kuthetha ukuba amafama waseLesotho anethuba lokuba enze amacebo okulungiselela ukuthengiswa kwekhowa labo kwiimalike zehlabathi.
Ingxelo yeengcali ithi ikhowa likhula kakuhle kwindawo engenakukhanya kugqithisileyo, epholileyo ekwanako nokufuma okuthile. Izithole zekhowa ziqhuba kakuhle kumhlaba onobushushu obuphakathi kwamashumi amahlanu anesithandathu ukuya kumashumi amathandathu anesithandathu. Kufuneka ukuba izithole zingafunyanwa
ngqo bubushushu belanga nangona linjalo iqondo ukuba phezulu. Umhlaba elityalwe kuwo eli khowa kufuneka uhlale ufumile ngamaxesha onke, oku kwenza ukuba izityalo zimelane nobushushu bendalo.
Xa lityaliwe ikhowa liyaqalisa ukubonakala kwiintsuku ezintlanu ukuya kwezintandathu ngokushiyana
kweendidi zemihlaba ekutyalwe kuwo. Kuthwa lingavunwa xa sele iintloko zalo ziqalisa ukuvula zibonisa ukuba zivuthiwe ngenene.
Ilizwe laseLesotho likwingxaki enkulu kwezolimo kuba imveliso zabo zinyanzeleka ukuba zithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe ngokugqitha kweli loMzantsi Afrika. Iibhokhwe,
uboya neenkomo ezisuka eLesotho zinyanzeleka ukuba zize kugqitha kumanxweme oMzantsi Afrika.
Inkampani iPsyence Group ihamba phambili ukutyala amakhowa kwilizwe laseLesotho, kwaye iqeshe inani eliphezulu labantu bela lizwe. Ukusukela ekuqaleni konyaka ophelileyo le nkampani ivule iziko lokulungiswa
kwekhowa eLesotho lilungiselelwa ukuthunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle logama kukwafundiswa abantu bela lizwe ngekhowa. Enye yeenjongo eziphambili zenkampani yakwaPsyence Group kukusebenza ngokuhambelana nombutho i-International Organisation for Standardisation. Le yinkampani ejongene nokugcinwa komgangatho osikiweyo zinkampani namafama avelisa iimveliso ezifana nekhowa.
Ikhowa lisoloko likho liyinxalenye yezidlo zakusasa kumakhaya amaninzi ehlabathini. Iindawo ezithengisa ukutya, neendawo ezilalisa abantu zisoloko zikhapha izidlo zakusasa ngokufaka ikhowa. Kusekuninzi ekumele kwaziwe ngamafama asakhulayo ngokuveliswa kwekhowa. Ikhowa liyatyalwa kwiindawo ezivalelekileyo ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa komhlaba ofana nentsimi.
UMariejtie Kruger ngumfama wamakhowa eHeidelburg yaseRawutini ukhuthaza amafama ukuba afunde nzulu ngokuveliswa kwamakhowa. Uthi zininzi iindidi zamakhowa ezinokutyalwa ngokuhambelana nomhlaba lowo umfama akuwo.
“Ukukhangela uhlobo lwembewu yekhowa umfama afuna ukuyilima kusoloko kuyeyona ngxaki, ngoko mawaphume amafama ukuze afumane ulwazi,” kucacisa uKruger.
Kwiindawo ezininzi zeMpuma Koloni ikhowa liphuma emva kwemvula liziphumela ngaphandle kokutyalwa.
UNINZI lwamafama asemakhaya afuye ngokuxuba izinto ezininzi, ikarukuni yenye yeentaka ezithandwa kakhulu ngamafama axubayo xa efuya.
Ngenxa yokuthanda iikarukuni, amafama azinika ngenyama yalo encamise ngencasa.
Amaqanda alo nawo akwasisidlo esisodwa kwizidlo zakusasasa. resiphi yethu yale nyanga inabisa indlela onokuyenza ngayo inyama yekarukuni xa uyixhelile ekhayeni lakho.
Ubukhulu balo likumyinge wesiqingatha seegusha.
Izithako
Ibhotolo ethambileyo ebunzima buzigrem ezilikhulu.
Amagqabi amathathu erosemary enqunqisisiweyo.
Ikarukuni epheleleyo ebunzima buzigrem ezine, amagila akhutshiweyo.
Igaqa legalika.
Igaqa lelamuni
Amagqabi amabini ebheyi.
Iwayini emhlophe ebunzima buzimililitha ezingamakhulu
amabini namashumi amabini anesihlanu.
Igaqa lekhaphetshu elibomvu elibunzima buzigrem ezingamakhulu alithoba, ulinqunqe.
Isincasanisi esenziwe ngezithako zenyama yenkukhu esibunzima buzimililitha ezingamakhulu amahlanu.
Itispuni yecornflour. Indlela yokuyenza Okokuqala: Yikhuphe efrijini ikarukuni yakho kwisithuba seyure phambi kokuba uyipheke. Beka iOven yakho kwiqondo elingamakhulu amabini obushushu, uqabe ipani yakho ngebhotolo.
Qalisa ke ukusukela entanyeni yekarukuni. Faka isandla ngaphantsi kofele elo lwekarukuni yakho .Yenza oku de isandla sakho singene kanye esifubeni seKarukuni. Uzame ngako konke ukuba ungasikrazuli isifuba sekarukuni. Nyhibhela ibhotolo esesandleni sakho ngaphakathi kwesifuba sekarukuni.
Okwesibini
Faka igalika ecoliweyo, ilamuni kwakunye namagqabi webheyi ngaphakathi kwekarukuni kwangolwa hlobo lunye. Qalisa ke ukuyiqhotsa inyama yakho
yekarukuni isithuba seyure enye, ungayikhupha emva kweyure ufake iwayini. Emva koko ungayibuyisela esitovini isithuba semizuzu engamashumi amathathu uyigqume ngefoyili, usenzela ukuba ingarhawuki. Isitovu sakho kumele ukuba sihleli kumashumi asixhenxe anesihlanu ngokweqondo lobushushu. Xa zingekabikho iimpawu zokuqhotseka okugqibeleleyo emva kwexesha elisikiweyo ungagqithisa ngemizuzu emihlanu ukuya kwelishumi.
Okwesithathu Yophula ikarukuni uyibeke kwibhodi yakho yokuphaka isithuba seyure ukuze iphole. Xa ufuna ufele olukramzelayo kwisikhumba sekarukuni sukuligquma nganto xa ulipheka.
Okwesine Phungula amafutha wekarukuni yakho, xa uqinisekile ukuba uwaphungule ngokwaneleyo amafutha dibanisa icornflour edityaniswe necephe lamanzi uqabe inyama yakho. Esi sisidlo sinokudliwa ngamalungu osapho asuka kwamahlanu ukuya kwasixhenxe. Yonwabele ke mfama imveliso yezandla zakho.
UKUPASISWA
kwesicwangciso sezolimo ngurhulumente kazwelonke sesinye seziganeko eziphambili ezithe zabaluleka kwezolimo kunyaka ka2022.
Ukuba kunyanisiwe, kuthiwa esi sicwangciso siza kunceda amagosa karhulumente ukuba aphucule indlela asebenza ngayo namafama.
Ngaxeshanye, esi sicwangciso sithembisa ngokuguqula nokhulisa amafama asakhasayo ngokuthi anikwe ulwazi nenkxaso yokuziqhubela phambi kwezolimo.
Esi sicwangciso sikwajoliswe ukuvula imehlo, indlebe namathuba okukhula kwamafama asaqalayo kushishino lokuthengiswa
kweemveliso zabo kwihlabathi.
Ukuba kungenzeka oku ngenene nenyaniso kuyakuthetha ukuba kwiminyaka emibini ezayo amafama asakhulayo ayakuba kwinqanaba elingcono lokulima nokufuya.
Ibonakele ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo inkxaso kaRhulumente wephondo leMpuma Koloni kumafama asakhulayo kwiimbombo zone zeli phondo ngonyaka ophelileyo ka2022.
Le nkxaso uyibona ngeempawu eziquka ukukhula komyinge woboya oveliswa ngamafama kwizithili ezahlukeneyo zephondo.
Kaloku urhulumente kulo nyaka uvule iindawo zokudipha iigusha eziliqela, logama kukwakhule iinzame zokufundiswa kwamafama ngeendlela zokuphucula uboya babo.
Simbonile uMaNyawuza, uMphathiswa uNonkqubela Pieters evula amaziko okudipha iigusha ekwanikisa nangezixhobo kumafama.
Kukwakho iqela lamafama akhulayo elifumene ifama ngemboleko yeminyaka engamashumi amathathu nangaphantsi.
UDintle Mapala waseAliwal North ngumzekelo womfama oxhamle kwezi nkqubo zikarhulumente wephondo.
Ikhulile intathonxaxheba yolutsha kwezolimo kwiMpuma Koloni nakuMzantsi Afrika ngokubanzi.
Umsebenzi owenziwa ngamaziko emfundo ephakamileyo unegalelo lokukhulisa ulutsha kwezolimo nangona kusekho imicelimngeni kweli cala.
Uninzi lolutsha olungena kwezolimo luzindidi ezimbini, kukho abo baxhobe ngemfundo kwezolimo, kubekho abo
baqhutywa luthando lwezolimo.
UKwanda Nyanzeka ngumfama osemtsha kakhulu ofundisa exhobisa amafama amatsha esebenzisa ubuxhakaxhaka bala maxesha.
Oku kuyawunyusa mpela umdla wolutsha kwezolimo nokufuya.
Kukwakho iqela looGqirha abatsha abaphuma kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo, ingakumbi abo bafundele impilo yezilwanyana.
Ukuba urhulumente noluntu ngokubanzi, ngokukodwa amafama bangaqinisa inguqu yehlabathi ixhomekeke kwezolimo, kukho ingxoxo eshushu yokuba kuqwalaselwe igalelo lemfundo yabo bafunda ezolimo ukuba ingaba bayabuyela na ekuhlaleni, bethatha inxaxheba kwezolimo.
Kukho izityholo zokuba amaziko emfundo
ephakamileyo ayasilela ukunika imfundo nolwazi olubangela ukuba amafama amatsha aziqashe ngokwawo okanye avelise imisebenzi.
Kukwakho isityholo sokuba urhulumente uyasilela ukuqwalasela inkxaso anikisa ngayo kumafama asaqalayo, ekwasilela ukuxhobisa amafama ngolwazi olufanelekileyo.
Xa siqwalasela iziganeko zolimo zalo nyaka asinakushiya ngasemva ingxaki yezifo ezithe zahlela ihlabathi noMzantsi Afrika ngokunjalo.
Ingxoxo ebibanjwe ziZizwe eziManyeneyo ixovula ingxaki yezifo kwimfuyo inika ithemba lokuba ziza kuphunguka izifo ezihlasela imfuyo.
Indibano yabaphathiswa bezolimo behlabathi eParis sesinye seziganeko ezinike ithemba lokuba ngentsebenziswano yamazwe ehlabathi kwezolimo siya kuba nehlabathi elivelisa ukutya.
INTO endala kumafama amnyama asezilalini ukutsala ithole kwinkomo emelweyo. De kwilali nganye kukho amadoda aziwayo ngokukhupha amathole kwiinkomo ezimelweyo.
Ukumelwa ke kukuba inkomo leyo ingakwazi kugqibezela ngokwayo ukutyhala ithole liphume. Kuthwa ke ezinye zezinto ezenza ukuba ingakwazi, kuxa indala okanye xa ilizibulakazi eliqala ukuzala. Ngenxa yeenzame zokuzama ukutyhala
eli thole, inkomo ide idinwe kanti nethole libe nalo sele lidiniwe.
YOkona kubalulekileyo apha kukuba wenzani ke umfama xa sele lide lakhutshwa ngaphandle ithole. Eli thole liphuma lingakwazi kuphefumla, kwaye oko kungenza ukuba life lisandula kuzalwa.
Iingcali zithi ukungakwazi kuphefumla kubangelwa kukuba kukho ixakaxa elivala imiphunga yethole ebangela ukuba lifune ukuncediswa ukuphefumla.
Indlela eyiyo yokuncedisa ithole ukuba liqalise ukuphefumla ukuze umoya ukwazi ukuhamba emiphungeni, kukuba liphoswe ngamanzi abandayo. Kuthwa emva koku ithole liqalisa
kwangoko ukuphefumla, likhale okanye lishukume libonisa ukuba liyaphila.
Maxa wambi alivuki ithole xa kwenziwe ezi nzame, oko ke kuthetha ukuba umfama okanye ugqirha osetyenziswa ngulo mfama kumele ukuba azame elinye icebo.
Incindi eninzi emiphungeni yethole ibangela ukuba kubenzima ukuziphefumlela ngaphandle kokuncedwa.
Libambe ngemilenze yangasemva ithole elo ulijongise intloko ezantsi, uliphulule esifubeni ukuze uncedise le ncindi isemiphungeni ukuba iqalise ukuzihambela.
Xa ihamba le ncindi ibonakala ngokuba kuphume into esabumkhunya apha empumlweni, oko
kuyakuthetha ukuba ithole likulungele ukuziphefumlela.
Ligcine ulibambe ngalo milenze ingemva isithuba semizuzu emibini ukuya kwemithathu, ngeli xesha iza kuba iphuma la ncindi okanye umkhunya, oko kwandisa amathuba okuziphefumlela etholeni elo. Lo gama ulibambe ngemilenze engemva ithole ungalijiwuzisa emoyeni ingakumbi xa kungekho mpawu zokuphefumla.
Ungalibeka emqolo kunina lilele ngesisu eli thole logama kuzanywa ukuba liziphefumlele, oku kwandisa umyinge wencindi okanye umkhunya ophuma ezimpumlweni zethole elo.
Ukanti ungabeka nengca eyomileyo ezimpumlweni zethole elo, konke oku
ukwenza kuba uzama ukuba liqine ukuziphefumlela ithole. Ukubeka le ngca ezimpumlweni kwenza ukuba likhohlele logama likwaqalisa ukuphefumla ngaxeshanye.
Qinisekisa ukuba ithole liqalisa kwangoko ukuncanca ibele likanina emva kokuba liqalise ukuziphefumlela. Xa unina wethole efumanisa ukuba ithole liqalisile ukuzincancela kuye, umzimba kanina uyaqalisa ukukhululeka.
Ukukhululeka komzimba kanina kwenza ukuba ubisi luhambe lula ukuphuma ebeleni lisiya emlonyeni wethole elo.
Ubisi lokuqala (umthubi) ubaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo nobomi bethole ukuze likhule liqinile, lomelele ngeendlela zonke.
