Elgin Symphony Beethoven's "Emperor" Concerto Program

Beethoven’s “Emperor” Concerto Saturday, February 4, 2023, at 7:30 PM Sunday, February 5, 2023, at 2:30 PM The Hemmens Cultural Center Kyle Ritenauer, conductor Albert Cano Smit, piano

WAGNER

Siegfried Idyll

BEETHOVEN

Piano Concerto No. 5 in E-flat major, op. 73 “Emperor” Allegro Adagio un poco mosso— Rondo: Allegro Albert Cano Smit, piano ~ Intermission ~

SCHUMANN

Symphony No. 3 in E-flat Major, op. 97 “Rhenish” Lebhaft Scherzo: Sehr mäßig Nicht schnell Feierlich Lebhaft

This program is supported, in part, by a grant from the Illinois Arts Council Agency

ORCHESTRA PERSONNEL Violin I Isabella Lippi Concertmaster Eric Pidluski Assoc. Concertmaster Joseph Malmquist Carol Dylan Wendy Evans Jennifer Leckie Caroline Slack Lisa Fako Emily Boone Erik Liljenberg Nina Saito Christine Chon Violin II Daniela Folker Principal Maria Arrua Gonzalez Asst. Principal Susan Thorne Steve Winkler Elizabeth Huffman Kelvin Lin Meghan Lanfear Kathryn Siegel Laura Burns Marty Hackl Hanna Bingham Pam Lutter Viola Rebecca Swan Principal Becky Coffman Asst. Principal Susan Posner Mark Djordjevic Ryan Rump Erin Rafferty Hannah Barton

Cello Matthew Agnew Principal Nazar Dzhuryn Asst. Principal Kerena Fox Mark Kuntz Robert Weber Elizabeth Start Sara Sitzer Double Bass Timothy Shaffer Principal Gregory Heintz Asst. Principal Susan Sullivan Jason Niehoff Ben Forester Weldon Anderson Flute Jean Bishop Principal Scott Metlicka Oboe Adèle-Marie Buis Principal Joseph Claude Clarinet Gene Collerd Principal Trevor O’Riordan

Bassoon Vincent Disantis Principal Collin Anderson French Horn Greg Flint Principal Steven Replogle Sharon Jones Mary BuscanicsJones Trumpet Ross Beacraft Principal Michael Brozick Trombone Reed Capshaw Principal Adam Moen Robin Schultze Timpani Robert Everson Principal

ESO BOARD AND ADMINISTRATION EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE R. Bert Crossland

DIRECTORS Ross Beacraft* Carlos Chavez Michele Clark Dr. Gene Crume Joyce Dlugopolski Jennifer Fukala Sandra Hagan K. Eric Larson Dr. Thomas Long Mary Maloy

Board Chair

Andre Fiebig Immediate Past Board Chair

Robert Chiappetta Treasurer

Rev. Arlyn Tolzmann Secretary

Dr. Patricia Harkin Governance Chair

Frank Maxson Carole Medal Martin Nobs Patrick Parks Ron Rogers Timothy Shaffer* Dr. Savitha Susarla James Tammi Marc Thayer, CEO* Herman A. Zwirn

* Ex Officio members

HONORARY LIFETIME DIRECTORS Harry ◊ & Phyllis Blizzard

Richard Collins ◊

Edward & Pearle Brody ◊

Ed & Karen Schock Deceased ◊

Dean & Jane Chipman ◊

ADMINISTRATION EXECUTIVE Marc Thayer

Chief Executive Officer

Rebecca DeWane Director of Finance & Administration

ARTISTIC Eric Gaston-Falk Vice President of Artistic Planning & Operations

Rylan Virnig

Community Partnerships & Personnel Manager

Macauley Manzano

Orchestral Librarian & Patron Services Manager

DEVELOPMENT & MARKETING

OPERATIONS

Matthew Way

David Goldman

Chuck Kocal

Eric Block

Director of Development

Director of Marketing

Daphne Kawamoto Digital Marketing Coordinator

Donna Lake

Public Relations Manager

Erica Warszewik

Box Office Manager

Stage Manager Stage Manager

Ana Molina Translator

LaTrisha Williams In Harmony Program Coordinator

GUEST CONDUCTOR New York City-based conductor Kyle Ritenauer is a rising presence in the classical music world. On faculty at the Manhattan School of Music, Kyle regularly conducts the school’s chamber ensemble Camerata Nova, leads the school’s Winds, Brass, Percussion Orchestra Training Program, conducts the Composers Orchestra, rehearses the Philharmonia and Symphony Orchestras, and serves as the 5th Director of the MSM Percussion Ensemble in its 63 years of existence. This season Kyle will work with the National Symphony Orchestra, Symphony New Hampshire, NYC’s Camerata Notturna, and the Elgin Symphony Orchestra, where he is a finalist for Music Director. He will also be making his operatic debut this winter leading a double bill performance of Puccini’s Gianni Schicchi, and Michael Ching’s Buoso’s Ghost.

In addition to his position at the Manhattan School of Music, Kyle is engaged by many organizations in the education world. Kyle is currently serving as Director of Orchestral Activities and Conducting at Montclair State University. Regularly engaged by The Juilliard School, Kyle has led performances and prepared orchestras for Gustavo Dudamel, David Robertson, John Adams, and Marin Alsop.

In the Summer 2022, Kyle appeared as Guest Conductor at the Kinhaven Music School.

Throughout his career, Kyle has appeared as guest conductor with Symphony New Hampshire, the Norwalk Symphony, the Hudson Valley Philharmonic, and Carnegie Hall’s Ensemble Connect. In the role of assistant conductor, Ritenauer has worked with the National Symphony Orchestra, the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra, Opera de Montreal, Orchestre Métropolitain (Montreal), the Des

Moines Metro Opera, the Utah Symphony, the New Jersey Symphony Orchestra, and the Detroit Symphony Orchestra.

Kyle is a graduate of The Juilliard School’s Orchestral Conducting Program as a student of Maestro David Robertson. He also attended the Aspen Conducting Academy as a student of Robert Spano, and spent nine summers at The Pierre Monteux School. Kyle is also a graduate of Manhattan School of Music’s Contemporary Performance Program. Kyle has studied conducting with Kurt Masur, Tito Muñoz, Leonard Slatkin, Jeffrey Milarsky, and Michael Jinbo.

GUEST ARTIST A musician who has been praised as “a moving young poet” (Le Devoir), Spanish/Dutch pianist Albert Cano Smit enjoys a growing international career on the orchestral, recital, and chamber music stages. Noted for his captivating performances, storytelling quality and nuanced musicality, the First Prize winner of the 2019 Young Concert Artists Susan Wadsworth International Auditions has appeared as a soloist with the Las Vegas Philharmonic, the San Diego Symphony, Montréal Symphony, the Colorado Music Festival Orchestra, Chamber Orchestra of the Triangle, Orquesta Filarmónica de Boca del Río, Barcelona Symphony, Catalonia National Orchestra, Manchester Camerata, Nottingham Youth Orchestra, and American Youth Symphony.

Recital highlights have included his Carnegie Hall debut presented by The Naumburg Foundation, his Merkin Concert hall debut presented by Young Concert Artists, recitals at San Francisco’s Herbst Theatre, Paris’ Fondation Louis Vuitton (the performance was streamed live globally),

the Kennedy Center’s Terrace Theater in Washington, DC, Germany’s Rheingau Music Festival, and return performances at the Steinway Society in San Jose. He has been in residence at France’s Festival de Musique de Wissembourg for seven years, a piano fellow at Bravo! Vail Music Festival and Tippet Rise Art Center, and has had his recital debut in Asia at Xiamen’s Banlam Grand Theater.

An advocate for new music, Albert has premiered numerous solo works on his recital programs, commissioned for him by Stephen Hough, Miquel Oliu, and Katherine Balch.

He has given four hand performances with Jean-Yves Thibaudet at the Wallis Annenberg Center Hall and Zipper Hall, taken part in the Jupiter Chamber Players in New York and the Bridgehampton Chamber Festival, and performed with such artists as Gary Hoffman, Andrej Bielow, Thomas Mesa, and Lev Sivkov. As a chamber musician, he has collaborated with such ensembles as the Ebene, Szymanowski, Casals, Cosmos, Gerhard, and Verona Quartets, and has released an album of Austrian viola music for Champs Hills with Emma Wernig.

Albert was First Prize winner at the 2017 Walter W. Naumburg Piano Competition. Additional special prizes at the 2019 Young Concert Artists International Auditions include The Paul A. Fish Memorial Prize, the Alexander KaszaKasser Concert Prize for support of his Kennedy Center debut, the Friends of Music Concert Prize (NY), and the Sunday Musicale Prize (NJ).

Born in Geneva, Switzerland, Albert recently completed an Artist Diploma with Robert McDonald at the Juilliard School, where he was awarded the 2020 Rubinstein Prize for Piano. Early on, he studied music at Montserrat mountain’s Escolanía de Montserrat choir, where he sang as an alto. Later, he studied piano with Graham Caskie, Marta Karbownicka, and Ory Shihor. He is an alum of the Verbier Festival Academy and holds a BA in Piano Performance from the Colburn School, as well as a MM from the Juilliard School. He currently resides in New York City.

PROGRAM NOTES Siegfried Idyll Richard Wagner (1813-1883) On December 24, 1870, Cosima Wagner turned 33 years old. Because it apparently was her custom to defer to a Higher Power and celebrate her birthday on the 25th, on Christmas morning her husband presented her with an extraordinary birthday/Christmas present. Frau Wagner described the event in her diary: “As I awoke, my ear caught a sound, which swelled fuller and fuller; no longer could I imagine myself to be dreaming; music was sounding and such music! When it died away Richard came into my room with the children and offered me the score of the symphonic birthday poem. I was in tears but so was all the rest of the household. Richard had arranged his orchestra on the staircase, and thus was our Triebschen [the Wagners’ new villa on Lake Lucerne] consecrated forever.” It should be said that the serenely beautiful new work was also a belated wedding gift as well as a celebration of the couple’s infant son Siegfried.

Not to disillusion anyone about this charming scene of domestic bliss, but the Wagners were not exactly Ozzie and Harriet Nelson. Cosima was of exotic parentage, being the second illegitimate child of Franz Liszt and his mistress, the Countess Marie d’Agoult. As is well known, Richard was never one to be unduly burdened by such quaint bourgeois notions as marital fidelity and had begun an affair with Cosima some years earlier, while she was still married to Hans von Bülow, the distinguished pianist and conductor, and, incidentally, one of the leading exponents of Wagner’s music. The affair produced no fewer than three illegitimate children for the couple including the aforementioned Siegfried, as well as a spectacular scandal that damaged the reputations and careers of all involved. Although the trio had lived for a time as a ménage à trois, after Wagner’s wife had obligingly died, Cosima moved in with Wagner at Triebschen. Siegfried was born there in 1869 and when von

Bülow finally granted Cosima a divorce, the couple married in August of 1870.

All that is admittedly spicier than the usual stuff of program notes but casts considerable light on Wagner’s character and work. The importance to Wagner’s emotional life of his marriage to Cosima can hardly be overstated. At the age of 57 he had finally found domestic satisfaction and a measure of stability in what had been to that point a spectacularly stormy, difficult, and, one might say, operatic sort of life. Until he reached his fifties, hardly a year had passed that he had not contemplated suicide, despairing that his gargantuan ambitions could ever be fulfilled.

Certainly no ordinary woman could have met his emotional needs—his narcissism was boundless and his ego a prodigy of nature. In his beloved Cosima he had finally found a woman who would accept him as he was and devote herself entirely to him.

Siegfried Idyll is not only an exquisitely beautiful piece of orchestral writing, but a unique personal document as well. Filled with private allusions, it was never intended for the public, and was not published until some years later when, much to the Wagners’ chagrin, a personal financial crisis forced them to do so. The subject of the work is, of course, Siegfried, the couple’s first male child, on whom the composer doted endlessly and who was born about the time that he was finishing his opera Siegfried. Much of the thematic material is taken from the opera, most importantly the serene first theme that dominates the entire work. This melody is Brünnhilde’s theme (“Immortal was I”), which, in Wagner’s own words, represents “the purity and holiness of the child’s soul.” The second theme, representing the mother’s singing to the child, is appropriately a German lullaby called “Sleep, little Child, Sleep”, which is stated simply by the oboe and contrasts with the lush string texture heard up to that point.

Other borrowings from the opera include allusions to the well- known Forest Murmurs from Act II, including the song of the Forest Bird, and, of course, the famous horn call

signifying the hero Siegfried in all his macho glory as a young man. The Idyll ends peacefully, as, again in Wagner’s own words, the child “sleeps quietly with a happy smile…After a final loving kiss from the mother, the hero rests in the care of God.” Piano Concerto No. 5 in E-flat major, op. 73, “Emperor” Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) Of the many nicknames that have been given to musical works, some have value as mnemonic devices, some have a certain charm (e.g., Haydn’s “Bear” Symphony or Bach’s “Wedge” Fugue), and some (e.g., Beethoven’s “Moonlight” Sonata) are simply fatuous. Like most such monikers, that of the “Emperor” concerto is of unknown origin and certainly not invented by the composer. If the term was meant to describe the majestic and obviously martial nature of the music, it can be said to have some validity. On the other hand, it would be an ironic mistake to ascribe any political significance to it, for Beethoven’s politics tended to the left of center and certainly would not have led him to celebrate imperial authority. Thus it is that the great English musicologist D.F. Tovey said that the term had been applied to Beethoven’s “profound if posthumous disgust.”

The concerto was completed in 1809 and serves as one of the capstones of what biographer Maynard Solomon calls the composer’s “heroic decade.” Along with such other grand works as the Third (“Eroica”) and Fifth Symphonies, the Fifth Concerto represents the Beethoven most familiar to the general public—the monumental, fistshaking Beethoven who speaks with a musical language of enormous emotional intensity. The extent to which this heroic style came from his inner artistic and emotional needs and how much was influenced by the enormous political turmoil caused by the Napoleonic wars is a question that continues to fascinate.

If it is true, as scholar Alfred Einstein has said, that the Fifth Concerto represents “the apotheosis of the military

concept” in Beethoven’s music, it certainly is worth noting that 1809 was a particularly militaristic year in Vienna.

Napoleon occupied the city accompanied by artillery fire loud enough to cause Beethoven at one point to flee to his brother’s cellar and cover his ears with pillows to protect what hearing he had left. Beethoven was once seen shaking his fist at a French soldier while muttering that if he knew as much about soldiering as he did about counterpoint he would show the blankety-blank French a thing or two. Despite these distractions, Beethoven succeeded in completing the Fifth Concerto in the year of the occupation, and it is certainly plausible that the militaristic tone of the work was to some extent a direct emotional response to his situation.

For various reasons, the concerto was not performed until 1811 in Leipzig, with the Viennese premiere taking place in 1812. Beethoven attended the latter performance, but because he was already too deaf to perform, the solo part was taken by his pupil Carl Czerny (the same Czerny, by the way, whose exercises have tortured piano students for generations). Although the Leipzig performance was well received, the reaction of the Viennese audience was cool, presumably because the concerto was unlike any concerto written up to that time.

Unlike the traditional practice of beginning a concerto with an extended orchestral introduction, we are immediately greeted with an opening piano cadenza which makes apparent that the traditional classical concerto form is being, if not broken, then certainly reshaped. In its complexity and breadth, the first movement has almost the effect of a symphony with piano accompaniment rather than a traditional concerto. The noble slow movement, which is in the distant key of B major, leads without pause into the wonderfully rhythmic finale. Connecting movements was still an unusual practice for which Beethoven had set a precedent in his Fifth Symphony.

Beethoven never again returned to the concerto form, perhaps, as some have said, because his deafness

had ended his career as a solo performer. It is also possible that this spectacularly public form of music making no longer met his own inner artistic needs as a composer. In any case, the “Emperor” Concerto served as a fitting farewell to the genre and remains one of the richest expressions of the possibilities of the concerto in the entire literature.

Symphony No. 3 in E-flat major, op. 97, “Rhenish” Robert Schumann (1810-1856) In 1850 Robert Schumann moved from Dresden, where he had lived for some six years, to Düsseldorf, on the Rhine River. Düsseldorf offered what should have been an important advance in Schumann’s career—for the first time in his life he had an important conducting position with major responsibilities. He was following two illustrious predecessors, Felix Mendelssohn and Ferdinand Hiller, who had developed a thriving musical culture with high standards. Unfortunately, the new position would prove to be beyond Schumann’s abilities, as the emotional and physical symptoms of the disease which would lead to his tragic early death became increasingly apparent.

At the beginning of his stay in Düsseldorf, however, Schumann seems to have been optimistic as he entered into the spirit of his new work and surroundings. Possessed by one of the manic creative urges which seem to have struck him from time to time throughout his career, he produced a cello concerto in just two weeks before beginning work on a new symphony which he seems to have envisioned as a celebration of the Rhineland region and culture which had become his new home.

The Rhineland has been not only a political division of Germany, but also a cultural entity, just as the Rhine itself is not mere water but a symbol of the old Germany and its rich culture. Rhenish culture, as it has come to be called, is predominantly Catholic in religion, and rich in folk song, poetry, and legend (not to mention the product of the grape). The famous Nibelung saga and the poem Die

Lorelei by Düsseldorf native Heinrich Heine are just two of the many literary works evoking the mystique of the river.

A symphony with such extra-musical associations is, of course, program music, and Schumann was very much in the thick of the Romantic movement which emphasized the capacity of music to evoke ideas outside of itself. Literary to a degree quite unusual for a musician, Schumann was quick to find literary and pictorial associations both in his own music and in the music of others. Ironically, however, like many other composers of program music he seems to have felt that overly obvious depiction of non-musical ideas somehow cheapened the music. Thus it is that he suppressed the title “Rhenish” when the symphony was published, and hesitated to let the programmatic content of the music be known. He expressed his view in the following caveat: “We must not show our heart to the world. A general impression of a work of art is better. At least no preposterous comparisons can be made.”

The new symphony was dashed off in about five weeks near the end of 1850 and received its first performance in Düsseldorf in February of 1851 with the composer conducting. Although really the last of Schumann’s four symphonies to be conceived, it was published as No. 3. The D minor Symphony, written much earlier, was substantially revised in 1851 and eventually published as No. 4.

The symphony begins with a majestic and expansive movement filled with great rhythmic vitality. Much of this rhythmic thrust comes from the ingenious cross rhythms of the highly syncopated opening theme which dominates the movement. As has been frequently pointed out, this movement shows the influence of Beethoven’s Eroica Symphony, also in the supposedly heroic key of E-flat.

The second movement, called a scherzo, is clearly programmatic in intent. In reality, it is not at all like the typical scherzo, but is actually a peasant dance known as a Ländler. This evocation of country life was originally titled

Morning on the Rhine, another title that Schumann chose to suppress in the published version.

By this time we might expect a slow movement, but Schumann gives us instead a brief intermezzo that is neither fast nor slow. The music gives the impression of simple, heartfelt song (Lied in German), and is perhaps intended as a reminder of Germany’s wonderfully rich tradition of vocal music.

The fourth movement gives us for the first time a genuine slow movement. Originally marked “In the Manner of an Accompaniment to a Solemn Ceremony”, this majestic music was apparently inspired by a ceremony in the Cologne Cathedral, some thirty miles from Düsseldorf, in which the Archbishop of Cologne was elevated to the status of cardinal. It has long been assumed that Schumann actually attended the ceremony, but a recent biography of Schumann by Eric Jensen cites evidence that Schumann could not have been in Cologne at the time and that he probably read about the ceremony in the newspaper.

Schumann had seen and admired the cathedral, however, which had been left unfinished by its Gothic builders and would not be completed until 1880. In any case, the appropriate musical language for an evocation of the majestically archaic Gothic style of the cathedral was, to a musician of Schumann’s generation, the dignified and already anachronistic Baroque style. (E.T.A. Hoffmann, one of Schumann’s favorite writers, had compared the music of Bach to Gothic architecture.) The result is an impressive movement which, in the words of the English scholar D.F. Tovey is “one of the finest pieces of ecclesiastical polyphony since Bach.” The music owes much of its grandeur, incidentally, to the noble sound of a trio of trombones, an instrument long associated with church music.

The vigorous finale brings the symphony to a lively conclusion, with references along the way to both the ecclesiastical music of the fourth movement as well as the opening theme of the first movement.

DONOR HONOR ROLL CORPORATE & FOUNDATION SPONSORS Foundations and Corporations make it possible for the Elgin Symphony to offer access and equitable programming throughout the Fox River Valley. We value these strategic partners and celebrate their collaboration and generosity with the following honor roll.

Lead Season Sponsors +100,000 Evelyn W. Hunt Trust Willow Springs Charitable Fund Season Sponsors +50,000 S.E. (Stu) Ainsworth Family The Pepper Family Foundation OTTO Engineering, Inc John B. Sanfilippo & Son, Inc. Seigle Foundation

Concert Sponsors +25,000 Illinois Arts Council Agency Snodgrass Family Fund of DuPage Foundation Community Partnership Sponsors +10,000 Comed, an Exelon Company Elgin Symphony League Florence B. Palmer & Cornelia A. Palmer Foundation Francis J. & Patricia A. Houlihan Foundation National Endowment for the Arts Wells Fargo Advisors

Guest Artist Sponsors +5,000 Barrington Area Community Foundation Judson University, World Leader’s Forum Northern Trust Fall 2022 Farny R. Wurlitzer Foundation Fund Grant Partners +2,500 Elgin Cultural Arts Commission Music Performance Trust Fund Quarles & Brady Wickstrom Auto Group

ANNUAL GIVING SUPPORTERS The following honor roll celebrates the generosity of those who have supported this musical community since July 1, 2021, with a gift of $250 or more. If you have any questions about this roster or wish to make a gift, please contact Director of Development Matthew Way at 847.888.4028 or visit elginsymphony.org/donate Season Sponsors $25,000+ Anonymous (2) R. Bert Crossland Evelyn W. Hunt Trust Nancy V. Rascher Concert Sponsors $10,000+ Anonymous (2) Patricia Harkin & Jim Sosnoski Mrs. James L. Ziegler Herman & Mary Zwirn Guest Artist Sponsors $5,000+ Anonymous (2) Mrs. Phyllis Blizzard Harry Eng & Frances Zollers Andre Fiebig & Tricia Van Eck Dr. Gwendolyn Rowe Gage Sandra Horvath Hagan Thomas & Linda Long Frank & Patricia Maxson Monica & Sanford Morganstein Martin & Brigitte Nobs Ron & Kris Rogers Karen & Ed Schock Dr. Emanuel & Mrs. Janice Semerad Jeanne C. Sigman John & Maribeth Totten Musician Sponsors $2,500+ Anonymous Diane Campbell Ray & Julie Daly

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DONOR HONOR ROLL TRIBUTE GIFTS Tribute Gifts honor accomplishments, celebrate occasions, and pay respect in memory of reflection. If you have any questions about the following or would like to initiate a tribute gift, please contact Director of Development Matthew Way at 847-888-4028 or m.way@elginsymphony.org.

In honor of Suzanne & David Johnson Christopher Johnson In honor of Carole A. Medal Miriam Lytle

In memory of Jeanne Hebeisen Ruth & John Bradburn Betty Brown Laurel Beth Burgess Ann Chipman & Greg Kuepfer Kevin P. Durkin Patricia Harkin & Jim Sosnoski Rick & Nancy Hiton Adrienne & Ira Holtzman David & Suzanne Johnson

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ENCORE SOCIETY The Encore Society is a meaningful and generous way to ensure the longevity of your Elgin Symphony. It is more than a donation – it is a statement of devotion and trust in our community impact for generations to come. It is with great admiration that we thank the following individuals for their selfless commitments.

Anonymous S.E. “Stu” Ainsworth ◊ Harry ◊ & Phyllis Blizzard R. Bert Crossland David & Arlene Donovan Cyril Friend ◊ Dr. Gwendolyn Rowe Gage Wally & Andrea Gumm Jeanne Hebeisen ◊

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